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ElShelmani H, Wride MA, Saad T, Rani S, Kelly DJ, Keegan D. The Role of Deregulated MicroRNAs in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Pathology. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:12. [PMID: 34003896 PMCID: PMC7881277 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.2.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We previously identified three microRNAs (miRNAs) with significantly increased expression in the serum of patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) compared with healthy controls. Our objective was to identify potential functional roles of these upregulated miRNAs (miR-19a, miR-126, and miR-410) in AMD, using computational tools for miRNAs prediction and identification, and to demonstrate the miRNAs target genes and signaling pathways. We also aim to demonstrate the pathologic role of isolated sera-derived exosomes from patients with AMD and controls using in vitro models. Methods miR-19a, miR-126, and miR-410 were investigated using bioinformatic approaches, including DIANA-mirPath and miR TarBase. Data on the resulting target genes and signaling pathways were incorporated with the differentially expressed miRNAs in AMD. Apoptosis markers, human apoptosis miRNAs polymerase chain reaction arrays and angiogenesis/vasculogenesis assays were performed by adding serum-isolated AMD patient or control patient derived exosomes into an in vitro human angiogenesis model and ARPE-19 cell lines. Results A number of pathways known to be involved in AMD development and progression were predicted, including the vascular endothelial growth factor signaling, apoptosis, and neurodegenerative pathways. The study also provides supporting evidence for the involvement of serum-isolated AMD-derived exosomes in the pathology of AMD, via apoptosis and/or angiogenesis. Conclusions miR-19a, miR-126, miR-410 and their target genes had a significant correlation with AMD pathogenesis. As such, they could be potential new targets as predictive biomarkers or therapies for patients with AMD. Translational Relevance The functional analysis and the pathologic role of altered miRNA expression in AMD may be applicable in developing new therapies for AMD through the disruption of individual or multiple pathophysiologic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan ElShelmani
- Ocular Development and Neurobiology Research Group, Zoology Department, School of Natural Sciences, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Mater Retina Research Group, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles St., Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Michael A Wride
- Ocular Development and Neurobiology Research Group, Zoology Department, School of Natural Sciences, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Tahira Saad
- Mater Retina Research Group, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles St., Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Sweta Rani
- Department of Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - David J Kelly
- Zoology Department, School of Natural Sciences, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Keegan
- Mater Retina Research Group, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles St., Dublin 7, Ireland
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Tawil N, Spinelli C, Bassawon R, Rak J. Genetic and epigenetic regulation of cancer coagulome - lessons from heterogeneity of cancer cell populations. Thromb Res 2021; 191 Suppl 1:S99-S105. [PMID: 32736787 DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(20)30405-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) is a morbid, potentially life threatening and biologically impactful paraneoplastic state. At least in part, CAT is likely driven by cancer-specific mechanisms the nature of which is still poorly understood, hampering diagnostic, prophylactic and therapeutic efforts. It is increasingly appreciated that cancer-specific drivers of CAT include a constellation of oncogenic mutations and their superimposed epigenetic states that shape the transcriptome, phenotype and secretome of cancer cell populations, including the repertoire of genes impacting the vascular and coagulation systems. High-grade brain tumours, such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) represent a paradigm of locally initiated haemostatic abnormalities that propagate systemically, likely through circulating mediators, such as extracellular vesicles and soluble factors. Reciprocally, CAT impacts the biology of cancer cells and may drive tumour evolution. The constituent, oncogene-transformed cancer cell populations form complex ecosystems, the intricate architecture of which has been recently revealed by single cell sequencing technologies. Amidst this phenotypic heterogeneity, several alternative pathways of CAT may exist both between and within individual tumours and their subtypes, including GBM. Indeed, different contributions of cells expressing key coagulant mediators, such as tissue factor, or podoplanin, have been identified in GBM subtypes driven by oncogenic mutations in EGFR, IDH1 and other transforming genes. Thus, a better understanding of cellular sources of CAT, including dominant cancer cell phenotypes and their dynamic shifts, may help design more personalised approaches to thrombosis in cancer patients to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadim Tawil
- McGill University, Montreal Children's Hospital, RI MUHC, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cristiana Spinelli
- McGill University, Montreal Children's Hospital, RI MUHC, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rayhaan Bassawon
- McGill University, Montreal Children's Hospital, RI MUHC, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Janusz Rak
- McGill University, Montreal Children's Hospital, RI MUHC, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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An Insight into the microRNAs Associated with Arteriovenous and Cavernous Malformations of the Brain. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061373. [PMID: 34199498 PMCID: PMC8227573 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs) and cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are rare developmental anomalies of the intracranial vasculature, with an irregular tendency to rupture, and as of yet incompletely deciphered pathophysiology. Because of their variety in location, morphology, and size, as well as unpredictable natural history, they represent a management challenge. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are strands of non-coding RNA of around 20 nucleotides that are able to modulate the expression of target genes by binding completely or partially to their respective complementary sequences. Recent breakthroughs have been made on elucidating their contribution to BAVM and CCM occurrence, growth, and evolution; however, there are still countless gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms involved. Methods: We have searched the Medline (PubMed; PubMed Central) database for pertinent articles on miRNAs and their putative implications in BAVMs and CCMs. To this purpose, we employed various permutations of the terms and idioms: ‘arteriovenous malformation’, ‘AVM’, and ‘BAVM’, or ‘cavernous malformation’, ‘cavernoma’, and ‘cavernous angioma’ on the one hand; and ‘microRNA’, ‘miRNA’, and ‘miR’ on the other. Using cross-reference search; we then investigated additional articles concerning the individual miRNAs identified in other cerebral diseases. Results: Seven miRNAs were discovered to play a role in BAVMs, three of which were downregulated (miR-18a, miR-137, and miR-195*) and four upregulated (miR-7-5p, miR-199a-5p, miR-200b-3p, and let-7b-3p). Similarly, eight miRNAs were identified in CCM in humans and experimental animal models, two being upregulated (miR-27a and mmu-miR-3472a), and six downregulated (miR-125a, miR-361-5p, miR-370-3p, miR-181a-2-3p, miR-95-3p, and let-7b-3p). Conclusions: The following literature review endeavored to address the recent discoveries related to the various implications of miRNAs in the formation and growth of BAVMs and CCMs. Additionally, by presenting other cerebral pathologies correlated with these miRNAs, it aimed to emphasize the potential directions of upcoming research and biological therapies.
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Wu J, Ma S, Sun L, Qin Z, Wang Z, Wang N, Lin M. Prognostic Value of Microvessel Density in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Meta-Analysis. Acta Haematol 2021; 144:603-612. [PMID: 34044389 DOI: 10.1159/000515211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) has been investigated by a variety of studies. However, the correlation between angiogenesis and the occurrence or prognosis of NHL patients remains controversial. METHODS We performed a systematic and comprehensive retrieval of relevant literatures from PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases. The quality of the eligible studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). RESULTS Fifteen eligible studies containing a total of 1373 NHL patients were included in this study. All the eligible studies were high-quality studies scoring ≥6 points. MVD was not different between NHL and control (SMD = 0.281, 95% CI: -1.410 to 1.972, p = 0.745). High MVD was associated with advanced disease stage (OR = 1.580, 95% CI: 1.080-2.311, p = 0.018) and unfavorable OS (HR = 1.656, 95% CI: 1.366-2.009, p = 0.000) but not with PFS (HR = 1.349, 95% CI: 0.852-2.136, p = 0.201). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis demonstrated that high MVD was related to advanced disease stage and associated with unfavorable OS of NHL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkun Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shupeima Ma
- Department of Hematology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Lingling Sun
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhiqiang Qin
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Suzhou Jsuniwell Medical Laboratory, Suzhou, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mei Lin
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Lam B, Nwadozi E, Haas TL, Birot O, Roudier E. High Glucose Treatment Limits Drosha Protein Expression and Alters AngiomiR Maturation in Microvascular Primary Endothelial Cells via an Mdm2-dependent Mechanism. Cells 2021; 10:742. [PMID: 33801773 PMCID: PMC8065922 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes promotes an angiostatic phenotype in the microvascular endothelium of skeletal muscle and skin. Angiogenesis-related microRNAs (angiomiRs) regulate angiogenesis through the translational repression of pro- and anti-angiogenic genes. The maturation of micro-RNA (miRs), including angiomiRs, requires the action of DROSHA and DICER proteins. While hyperglycemia modifies the expression of angiomiRs, it is unknown whether high glucose conditions alter the maturation process of angiomiRs in dermal and skeletal muscle microvascular endothelial cells (MECs). Compared to 5 mM of glucose, high glucose condition (30 mM, 6-24 h) decreased DROSHA protein expression, without changing DROSHA mRNA, DICER mRNA, or DICER protein in primary dermal MECs. Despite DROSHA decreasing, high glucose enhanced the maturation and expression of one angiomiR, miR-15a, and downregulated an miR-15a target: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A (VEGF-A). The high glucose condition increased Murine Double Minute-2 (MDM2) expression and MDM2-binding to DROSHA. Inhibition of MDM2 prevented the effects evoked by high glucose on DROSHA protein and miR-15a maturation in dermal MECs. In db/db mice, blood glucose was negatively correlated with the expression of skeletal muscle DROSHA protein, and high glucose decreased DROSHA protein in skeletal muscle MECs. Altogether, our results suggest that high glucose reduces DROSHA protein and enhances the maturation of the angiostatic miR-15a through a mechanism that requires MDM2 activity.
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Budakoti M, Panwar AS, Molpa D, Singh RK, Büsselberg D, Mishra AP, Coutinho HDM, Nigam M. Micro-RNA: The darkhorse of cancer. Cell Signal 2021; 83:109995. [PMID: 33785398 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.109995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of micro RNAs (miRNA) in cancer has opened up new vistas for researchers in recent years. Micro RNAs area set of small, endogenous, highly conserved, non-coding RNAs that control the expression of about 30% genes at post-transcriptional levels. Typically, microRNAs impede the translation and stability of messenger RNAs (mRNA), control genes associated with cellular processes namely inflammation, cell cycle regulation, stress response, differentiation, apoptosis, and migration. Compelling findings revealed that miRNA mutations or disruption correspond to diverse human cancers and suggest that miRNAs can function as tumor suppressors or oncogenes. Here we summarize the literature on these master regulators in clinical settings from last three decades as both abrupt cancer therapeutics and as an approach to sensitize tumors to chemotherapy. This review highlights (I) the prevailing perception of miRNA genomics, biogenesis, as well as function; (II) the significant advancements in regulatory mechanisms in the expression of carcinogenic genes; and (III) explains, how miRNA is utilized as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for the disease stage indicating survival as well as therapeutic targets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridul Budakoti
- Department of Biochemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Abhay Shikhar Panwar
- Department of Biochemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Diksha Molpa
- Department of Biochemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rahul Kunwar Singh
- Department of Microbiology, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar.
| | - Abhay Prakash Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India.
| | | | - Manisha Nigam
- Department of Biochemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India.
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Chiba T, Cerqueira DM, Li Y, Bodnar AJ, Mukherjee E, Pfister K, Phua YL, Shaikh K, Sanders BT, Hemker SL, Pagano PJ, Wu YL, Ho J, Sims-Lucas S. Endothelial-Derived miR-17∼92 Promotes Angiogenesis to Protect against Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:553-562. [PMID: 33514560 PMCID: PMC7920169 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020050717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Damage to the renal microvasculature is a hallmark of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI)-mediated AKI. The miR-17∼92 miRNA cluster (encoding miR-17, -18a, -19a, -20a, -19b-1, and -92a-1) regulates angiogenesis in multiple settings, but no definitive role in renal endothelium during AKI pathogenesis has been established. METHODS Antibodies bound to magnetic beads were utilized to selectively enrich for renal endothelial cells from mice. Endothelial-specific miR-17∼92 knockout (miR-17∼92endo-/- ) mice were generated and given renal IRI. Mice were monitored for the development of AKI using serum chemistries and histology and for renal blood flow using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and laser Doppler imaging. Mice were treated with miRNA mimics during renal IRI, and therapeutic efficacies were evaluated. RESULTS miR-17, -18a, -20a, -19b, and pri-miR-17∼92 are dynamically regulated in renal endothelial cells after renal IRI. miR-17∼92endo-/- exacerbates renal IRI in male and female mice. Specifically, miR-17∼92endo-/- promotes renal tubular injury, reduces renal blood flow, promotes microvascular rarefaction, increases renal oxidative stress, and promotes macrophage infiltration to injured kidneys. The potent antiangiogenic factor thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) is highly expressed in renal endothelium in miR-17∼92endo-/- after renal IRI and is a target of miR-18a and miR-19a/b. miR-17∼92 is critical in the angiogenic response after renal IRI, which treatment with miR-18a and miR-19b mimics can mitigate. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that endothelial-derived miR-17∼92 stimulates a reparative response in damaged renal vasculature during renal IRI by regulating angiogenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuto Chiba
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Débora M. Cerqueira
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yao Li
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew J. Bodnar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Elina Mukherjee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Katherine Pfister
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yu Leng Phua
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kai Shaikh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Brandon T. Sanders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shelby L. Hemker
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Patrick J. Pagano
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yijen L. Wu
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jacqueline Ho
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sunder Sims-Lucas
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Shangguan Y, Wu Z, Xie X, Zhou S, He H, Xiao H, Liu L, Zhu J, Chen H, Han H, Wang H, Chen L. Low-activity programming of the PDGFRβ/FAK pathway mediates H-type vessel dysplasia and high susceptibility to osteoporosis in female offspring rats after prenatal dexamethasone exposure. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 185:114414. [PMID: 33434537 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dexamethasone is a common synthetic glucocorticoid drug that can promote foetal lung maturity. An increasing number of studies have shown that prenatal dexamethasone exposure (PDE) can cause a variety of short-term and long-term hazards to offspring, including bone development toxicity. H-type vessels are a newly discovered subtype of blood vessels associated with promoted bone formation and maintenance of bone mass. In this study, we aimed to explore whether H-type blood vessels are involved in PDE-induced long bone development toxicity in offspring and its mechanism. In vivo, we injected dexamethasone (0.2 mg/kg.d) subcutaneously at gestational days 9-20 and observed the H-type vessel abundance and bone mass at different time points in the offspring rats. In vitro, we investigated the effect of dexamethasone (0, 20, 100, and 500 nM) on the tube formation function of rat bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and explored its mechanism. Our results showed that the adult PDE female offspring rats were susceptible to osteoporosis. In addition, PDE inhibited bone mass, H-type vessel formation and the expression of bone platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ)/focal adhesion kinase (FAK) pathway-related genes in antenatal and postnatal female offspring. Moreover, PDE promoted the expression of bone glucocorticoid receptor (GR), CCAAT and enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) and miR-34c in female foetuses. Dexamethasone suppressed the tube formation of rat bone marrow-derived EPCs and the activity of the PDGFRβ/FAK pathway, which was mediated by GR/C/EBPα/miR-34c signalling activation. In summary, PDE can cause H-type vessel dysplasia and high susceptibility to osteoporosis in female offspring, and its mechanism is related to the low-activity programming of the PDGFRβ/FAK pathway induced by GR/C/EBPα/miR-34c signalling activation. This study enhances the understanding of the molecular mechanism of dexamethasone-induced bone development toxicity and provides new insights for exploring the early intervention and therapeutic targets of foetal-derived osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfan Shangguan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhixin Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xingkui Xie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Siqi Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hangyuan He
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hao Xiao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jiayong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Haitao Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hui Han
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Liaobin Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Raue R, Frank AC, Syed SN, Brüne B. Therapeutic Targeting of MicroRNAs in the Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042210. [PMID: 33672261 PMCID: PMC7926641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor-microenvironment (TME) is an amalgamation of various factors derived from malignant cells and infiltrating host cells, including cells of the immune system. One of the important factors of the TME is microRNAs (miRs) that regulate target gene expression at a post transcriptional level. MiRs have been found to be dysregulated in tumor as well as in stromal cells and they emerged as important regulators of tumorigenesis. In fact, miRs regulate almost all hallmarks of cancer, thus making them attractive tools and targets for novel anti-tumoral treatment strategies. Tumor to stroma cell cross-propagation of miRs to regulate protumoral functions has been a salient feature of the TME. MiRs can either act as tumor suppressors or oncogenes (oncomiRs) and both miR mimics as well as miR inhibitors (antimiRs) have been used in preclinical trials to alter cancer and stromal cell phenotypes. Owing to their cascading ability to regulate upstream target genes and their chemical nature, which allows specific pharmacological targeting, miRs are attractive targets for anti-tumor therapy. In this review, we cover a recent update on our understanding of dysregulated miRs in the TME and provide an overview of how these miRs are involved in current cancer-therapeutic approaches from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Raue
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (R.R.); (A.-C.F.)
| | - Ann-Christin Frank
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (R.R.); (A.-C.F.)
| | - Shahzad Nawaz Syed
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (R.R.); (A.-C.F.)
- Correspondence: (S.N.S.); (B.B.); Tel.: +49-69-6301-7424 (B.B.)
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (R.R.); (A.-C.F.)
- Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.N.S.); (B.B.); Tel.: +49-69-6301-7424 (B.B.)
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Ebrahimpour A, Sarfi M, Rezatabar S, Tehrani SS. Novel insights into the interaction between long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs in glioma. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:2317-2335. [PMID: 33582947 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common brain tumor of the central nervous system. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified to play a vital role in the initiation and progression of glioma, including tumor cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis, invasion, and therapy resistance. New documents emerged, which indicated that the interaction between long non-coding RNAs and miRNAs contributes to the tumorigenesis and pathogenesis of glioma. LncRNAs can act as competing for endogenous RNA (ceRNA), and molecular sponge/deregulator in regulating miRNAs. These interactions stimulate different molecular signaling pathways in glioma, including the lncRNAs/miRNAs/Wnt/β-catenin molecular signaling pathway, the lncRNAs/miRNAs/PI3K/AKT/mTOR molecular signaling pathway, the lncRNAs-miRNAs/MAPK kinase molecular signaling pathway, and the lncRNAs/miRNAs/NF-κB molecular signaling pathway. In this paper, the basic roles and molecular interactions of the lncRNAs and miRNAs pathway glioma were summarized to better understand the pathogenesis and tumorigenesis of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Ebrahimpour
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sarfi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Setareh Rezatabar
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sadra Samavarchi Tehrani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Student Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Gollmann-Tepeköylü C, Pölzl L, Graber M, Hirsch J, Nägele F, Lobenwein D, Hess MW, Blumer MJ, Kirchmair E, Zipperle J, Hromada C, Mühleder S, Hackl H, Hermann M, Al Khamisi H, Förster M, Lichtenauer M, Mittermayr R, Paulus P, Fritsch H, Bonaros N, Kirchmair R, Sluijter JPG, Davidson S, Grimm M, Holfeld J. miR-19a-3p containing exosomes improve function of ischaemic myocardium upon shock wave therapy. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 116:1226-1236. [PMID: 31410448 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS As many current approaches for heart regeneration exert unfavourable side effects, the induction of endogenous repair mechanisms in ischaemic heart disease is of particular interest. Recently, exosomes carrying angiogenic miRNAs have been described to improve heart function. However, it remains challenging to stimulate specific release of reparative exosomes in ischaemic myocardium. In the present study, we sought to test the hypothesis that the physical stimulus of shock wave therapy (SWT) causes the release of exosomes. We aimed to substantiate the pro-angiogenic impact of the released factors, to identify the nature of their cargo, and to test their efficacy in vivo supporting regeneration and recovery after myocardial ischaemia. METHODS AND RESULTS Mechanical stimulation of ischaemic muscle via SWT caused extracellular vesicle (EV) release from endothelial cells both in vitro and in vivo. Characterization of EVs via electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and flow cytometry revealed specific exosome morphology and size with the presence of exosome markers CD9, CD81, and CD63. Exosomes exhibited angiogenic properties activating protein kinase b (Akt) and extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) resulting in enhanced endothelial tube formation and proliferation. A miRNA array and transcriptome analysis via next-generation sequencing were performed to specify exosome content. miR-19a-3p was identified as responsible cargo, antimir-19a-3p antagonized angiogenic exosome effects. Exosomes and target miRNA were injected intramyocardially in mice after left anterior descending artery ligation. Exosomes resulted in improved vascularization, decreased myocardial fibrosis, and increased left ventricular ejection fraction as shown by transthoracic echocardiography. CONCLUSION The mechanical stimulus of SWT causes release of angiogenic exosomes. miR-19a-3p is the vesicular cargo responsible for the observed effects. Released exosomes induce angiogenesis, decrease myocardial fibrosis, and improve left ventricular function after myocardial ischaemia. Exosome release via SWT could develop an innovative approach for the regeneration of ischaemic myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Gollmann-Tepeköylü
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leo Pölzl
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Graber
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Division of Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jakob Hirsch
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix Nägele
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Lobenwein
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Division of Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael W Hess
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael J Blumer
- Division of Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elke Kirchmair
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Zipperle
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Trauma Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carina Hromada
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Trauma Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Severin Mühleder
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Trauma Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hubert Hackl
- Division of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Hermann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hemse Al Khamisi
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Förster
- Department of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Lichtenauer
- Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Rainer Mittermayr
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,AUVA Trauma Center Meidling, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Paulus
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Kepler University Hospital Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Helga Fritsch
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nikolaos Bonaros
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rudolf Kirchmair
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sean Davidson
- Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Grimm
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Holfeld
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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MicroRNAs: Emerging oncogenic and tumor-suppressive regulators, biomarkers and therapeutic targets in lung cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 502:71-83. [PMID: 33453304 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common solid tumors worldwide and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, causing a devastating impact on human health. The clinical prognosis of lung cancer is usually restricted by delayed diagnosis and resistance to anticancer therapies. MicroRNAs, a range of small endogenous noncoding RNAs 22 nucleotides in length, have emerged as one of the most important players in cancer initiation and progression in recent decades. Current evidence reveals pivotal roles of microRNAs in regulating cell proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis in lung cancer. An increasing number of preclinical and clinical studies have also explored the potential of microRNAs as promising biomarkers and new therapeutic targets for lung cancer. The current review summarizes the most recent progress on the functional mechanisms of microRNAs involved in lung cancer development and progression and further discusses the clinical application of miRNAs as putative therapeutic targets for molecular diagnosis and prognostic prediction in lung cancer.
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63
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Shelton M, Anene CA, Nsengimana J, Roberts W, Newton-Bishop J, Boyne JR. The role of CAF derived exosomal microRNAs in the tumour microenvironment of melanoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1875:188456. [PMID: 33153973 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes play a crucial role in the crosstalk between cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and cancer cells, contributing to carcinogenesis and the tumour microenvironment. Recent studies have revealed that CAFs, normal fibroblasts and cancer cells all secrete exosomes that contain miRNA, establishing a cell-cell communication network within the tumour microenvironment. For example, miRNA dysregulation in melanoma has been shown to promote CAF activation via induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which in turn alters the secretory phenotype of CAFs in the stroma. This review assesses the roles of melanoma exosomal miRNAs in CAF formation and how CAF exosome-mediated feedback signalling to melanoma lead to tumour progression and metastasis. Moreover, efforts to exploit exosomal miRNA-mediated network communication between tumour cells and their microenvironment, and their potential as prognostic biomarkers or novel therapeutic targets in melanoma will also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shelton
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH. United Kingdom
| | - C A Anene
- Centre for Cancer Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - J Nsengimana
- Population Health Sciences, Institute Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - W Roberts
- School of Clinical and Applied Science, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS1 3HE, United Kingdom
| | | | - J R Boyne
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH. United Kingdom.
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64
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Chan TSY, Picard D, Hawkins CE, Lu M, Pfister S, Korshunov A, Roussel MF, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Henkin J, Bouffet E, Huang A. Thrombospondin-1 mimetics are promising novel therapeutics for MYC-associated medulloblastoma. Neurooncol Adv 2021; 3:vdab002. [PMID: 33629064 PMCID: PMC7890793 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medulloblastoma (MB) comprises four subtypes of which group 3 MB are the most aggressive. Although overall survival for MB has improved, the outcome of group 3 MB remains dismal. C-MYC (MYC) amplification or MYC overexpression which characterizes group 3 MB is a strong negative prognostic factor and is frequently associated with metastases and relapses. We previously reported that MYC expression alone promotes highly aggressive MB phenotypes, in part via repression of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), a potent tumor suppressor. METHODS In this study, we examined the potential role of TSP-1 and TSP-1 peptidomimetic ABT-898 in MYC-amplified human MB cell lines and two distinct murine models of MYC-driven group 3 MBs. RESULTS We found that TSP-1 reconstitution diminished metastases and prolonged survival in orthotopic xenografts and promoted chemo- and radio-sensitivity via AKT signaling. Furthermore, we demonstrate that ABT-898 can recapitulate the effects of TSP-1 expression in MB cells in vitro and specifically induced apoptosis in murine group 3 MB tumor cells. CONCLUSION Our data underscore the importance of TSP-1 as a critical tumor suppressor in MB and highlight TSP-1 peptidomimetics as promising novel therapeutics for the most lethal subtype of MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany S Y Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Center, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Picard
- Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cynthia E Hawkins
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Center, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mei Lu
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Center, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stefan Pfister
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrey Korshunov
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martine F Roussel
- Department of Tumour Cell Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Jack Henkin
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Eric Bouffet
- Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Annie Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Center, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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65
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Huang X, Zhu X, Yu Y, Zhu W, Jin L, Zhang X, Li S, Zou P, Xie C, Cui R. Dissecting miRNA signature in colorectal cancer progression and metastasis. Cancer Lett 2020; 501:66-82. [PMID: 33385486 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and leading cause of cancer related deaths worldwide. Despite recent advancements in surgical and molecular targeted therapies that improved the therapeutic efficacy in CRC, the 5 years survival rate of CRC patients still remains frustratingly poor. Accumulated evidences indicate that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in the progression and metastasis of CRC. Dysregulated miRNAs are closely associated with cancerous phenotypes (e.g. enhanced proliferative and invasive ability, evasion of apoptosis, cell cycle aberration, and promotion of angiogenesis) by regulating their target genes. In this review, we provide an updated overview of tumor suppressive and oncogenic miRNAs, circulatory miRNAs, and the possible causes of dysregulated miRNAs in CRC. In addition, we discuss the important functions of miRNAs in drug resistance of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjie Huang
- Cancer and Anticancer Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Xinping Zhu
- Cancer and Anticancer Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Yun Yu
- Cancer and Anticancer Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Wangyu Zhu
- Affiliated Zhoushan Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Libo Jin
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China; Wenzhou University-Wenzhou Medical University Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Shaotang Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Peng Zou
- Cancer and Anticancer Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China; Wenzhou University-Wenzhou Medical University Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Congying Xie
- First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Ri Cui
- Cancer and Anticancer Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China; Wenzhou University-Wenzhou Medical University Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
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66
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Ono K, Horie T, Baba O, Kimura M, Tsuji S, Rodriguez RR, Miyagawa S, Kimura T. Functional non-coding RNAs in vascular diseases. FEBS J 2020; 288:6315-6330. [PMID: 33340430 PMCID: PMC9292203 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recently, advances in genomic technology such as RNA sequencing and genome‐wide profiling have enabled the identification of considerable numbers of non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs). MicroRNAs have been studied for decades, leading to the identification of those with disease‐causing and/or protective effects in vascular disease. Although other ncRNAs such as long ncRNAs have not been fully described yet, recent studies have indicated their important functions in the development of vascular diseases. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms and functions of ncRNAs, focusing on microRNAs, circular RNAs and long ncRNAs in vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koh Ono
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Takahiro Horie
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Osamu Baba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Shuhei Tsuji
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | | | - Sawa Miyagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
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67
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Annese T, Tamma R, De Giorgis M, Ribatti D. microRNAs Biogenesis, Functions and Role in Tumor Angiogenesis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:581007. [PMID: 33330058 PMCID: PMC7729128 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.581007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules, evolutionary conserved. They target more than one mRNAs, thus influencing multiple molecular pathways, but also mRNAs may bind to a variety of miRNAs, either simultaneously or in a context-dependent manner. miRNAs biogenesis, including miRNA transcription, processing by Drosha and Dicer, transportation, RISC biding, and miRNA decay, are finely controlled in space and time. miRNAs are critical regulators in various biological processes, such as differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and development in both health and disease. Their dysregulation is involved in tumor initiation and progression. In tumors, they can act as onco-miRNAs or oncosuppressor-miRNA participating in distinct cellular pathways, and the same miRNA can perform both activities depending on the context. In tumor progression, the angiogenic switch is fundamental. miRNAs derived from tumor cells, endothelial cells, and cells of the surrounding microenvironment regulate tumor angiogenesis, acting as pro-angiomiR or anti-angiomiR. In this review, we described miRNA biogenesis and function, and we update the non-classical aspects of them. The most recent role in the nucleus, as transcriptional gene regulators and the different mechanisms by which they could be dysregulated, in tumor initiation and progression, are treated. In particular, we describe the role of miRNAs in sprouting angiogenesis, vessel co-option, and vasculogenic mimicry. The role of miRNAs in lymphoma angiogenesis is also discussed despite the scarcity of data. The information presented in this review reveals the need to do much more to discover the complete miRNA network regulating angiogenesis, not only using high-throughput computational analysis approaches but also morphological ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Annese
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Tamma
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Michelina De Giorgis
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
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68
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Chen TWW, Burns J, Jones RL, Huang PH. Optimal Clinical Management and the Molecular Biology of Angiosarcomas. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3321. [PMID: 33182685 PMCID: PMC7696056 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiosarcomas comprise less than 3% of all soft tissue sarcomas but have a poor prognosis. Most angiosarcomas occur without obvious risk factors but secondary angiosarcoma could arise after radiotherapy or chronic lymphedema. Surgery remains the standard treatment for localized angiosarcoma but neoadjuvant systemic treatment may improve the curability. For advanced angiosarcoma, anthracyclines and taxanes are the main chemotherapy options. Anti-angiogenic agents have a substantial role but the failure of a randomized phase 3 trial of pazopanib with or without an anti-endoglin antibody brings a challenge to future trials in angiosarcomas. Immune checkpoint inhibitors as single agents or in combination with oncolytic virus may play an important role but the optimal duration remains to be investigated. We also report the current understanding of the molecular pathways involved in angiosarcoma pathogenesis including MYC amplification, activation of angiogenic pathways and different molecular alterations that are associated with angiosarcomas of different aetiology. The success of the patient-partnered Angiosarcoma Project (ASCProject) has provided not only detailed insights into the molecular features of angiosarcomas of different origins but also offers a template for future fruitful collaborations between patients, physicians, and researchers. Lastly, we provide our perspective of future developments in optimizing the clinical management of angiosarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Wei-Wu Chen
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Jessica Burns
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK;
| | - Robin L. Jones
- Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JJ, UK;
| | - Paul H. Huang
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK;
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69
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MYC as a Multifaceted Regulator of Tumor Microenvironment Leading to Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207710. [PMID: 33081056 PMCID: PMC7589112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Myc family of oncogenes is deregulated in many types of cancer, and their over-expression is often correlated with poor prognosis. The Myc family members are transcription factors that can coordinate the expression of thousands of genes. Among them, c-Myc (MYC) is the gene most strongly associated with cancer, and it is the focus of this review. It regulates the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation, growth, differentiation, self-renewal, survival, metabolism, protein synthesis, and apoptosis. More recently, novel studies have shown that MYC plays a role not only in tumor initiation and growth but also has a broader spectrum of functions in tumor progression. MYC contributes to angiogenesis, immune evasion, invasion, and migration, which all lead to distant metastasis. Moreover, MYC is able to promote tumor growth and aggressiveness by recruiting stromal and tumor-infiltrating cells. In this review, we will dissect all of these novel functions and their involvement in the crosstalk between tumor and host, which have demonstrated that MYC is undoubtedly the master regulator of the tumor microenvironment. In sum, a better understanding of MYC’s role in the tumor microenvironment and metastasis development is crucial in proposing novel and effective cancer treatment strategies.
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70
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Wang S, Cao N. Uncovering potential differentially expressed miRNAs and targeted mRNAs in myocardial infarction based on integrating analysis. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:4383-4395. [PMID: 33000230 PMCID: PMC7533449 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of death globally. The aim of the present study was to find valuable microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) and target mRNAs in order to contribute to our understanding of the pathology of MI. miRNA and mRNA data were downloaded for differential expression analysis. Then, a regulatory network between miRNAs and mRNAs was established, followed by function annotation of target mRNAs. Thirdly, prognosis and diagnostic analysis of differentially methylated target mRNAs were performed. Finally, an in vitro experiment was used to validate the expression of selected miRNAs and target mRNAs. A total of 19 differentially expressed miRNAs and 1,007 differentially expressed mRNAs were identified. Several regulatory interaction pairs between miRNA and mRNAs were identified, such as hsa-miR-142-2p-long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase 1 (ACSL1), hsa-miR-15a-3p-nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), hsa-miR-33b-5p-regulator of G-protein signaling 2 (RGS2), hsa-miR-17-3p-Jun dimerization protein 2 (JDP2), hsa-miR-24-1-5p-aquaporin-9 (AQP9) and hsa-miR-34a-5p-STAT1/AKT3. Of note, it was demonstrated that ACSL1, NAMPT, RGS2, JDP2, AQP9, STAT1 and AKT3 had diagnostic and prognostic values for patients with MI. In addition, STAT1 was involved in the ‘chemokine signaling pathway’ and ‘Jak-STAT signaling pathway’. AKT3 was involved in both the ‘MAPK signaling pathway’ and ‘T cell receptor signaling pathway’. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR validation of hsa-miR-142-3p, hsa-miR-15a-3p, hsa-miR-33b-5p, ACSL1, NAMPT, RGS2 and JDP2 expression was consistent with the bioinformatics analysis. In conclusion, the identified miRNAs and mRNAs may be involved in the pathology of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiai Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Jigang Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
| | - Na Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Jigang Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
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71
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Saberinia A, Alinezhad A, Jafari F, Soltany S, Akhavan Sigari R. Oncogenic miRNAs and target therapies in colorectal cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 508:77-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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72
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Nazari-Shafti TZ, Neuber S, Garcia Duran A, Xu Z, Beltsios E, Seifert M, Falk V, Stamm C. Human mesenchymal stromal cells and derived extracellular vesicles: Translational strategies to increase their proangiogenic potential for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:1558-1569. [PMID: 32761804 PMCID: PMC7695640 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) offer great potential for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as myocardial infarction and heart failure. Studies have revealed that the efficacy of MSCs is mainly attributed to their capacity to secrete numerous trophic factors that promote angiogenesis, inhibit apoptosis, and modulate the immune response. There is growing evidence that MSC‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing a cargo of lipids, proteins, metabolites, and RNAs play a key role in this paracrine mechanism. In particular, encapsulated microRNAs have been identified as important positive regulators of angiogenesis in pathological settings of insufficient blood supply to the heart, thus opening a new path for the treatment of CVD. In the present review, we discuss the current knowledge related to the proangiogenic potential of MSCs and MSC‐derived EVs as well as methods to enhance their biological activities for improved cardiac tissue repair. Increasing our understanding of mechanisms supporting angiogenesis will help optimize future approaches to CVD intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Z Nazari-Shafti
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Neuber
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana Garcia Duran
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zhiyi Xu
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eleftherios Beltsios
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Seifert
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volkmar Falk
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christof Stamm
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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73
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Darwiche N. Epigenetic mechanisms and the hallmarks of cancer: an intimate affair. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:1954-1978. [PMID: 32774995 PMCID: PMC7407342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms comprising DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs affect chromatin structure and regulate gene expression. These mechanisms control normal embryonic development and adult life and their deregulation contributes to several diseases including cancer. The process of tumorigenesis is complex and results from the evolution of different "hallmarks of cancer". Hanahan and Weinberg presented in 2000 and 2011 seminal contributions in the cancer field, first the six hallmarks of cancer and a decade later two additional hallmarks and two enabling characteristics were added. Here, we surmise that epigenetic mechanisms regulate and contribute to every single hallmark in cancer, and thus represent the hallmark of hallmarks in tumorigenesis. Focusing on epigenetics as a major hallmark in cancer formation has profound preventive, therapeutic, and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Darwiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut Beirut, Lebanon
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74
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Wang TY, Wang W, Li FF, Chen YC, Jiang D, Chen YD, Yang H, Liu L, Lu M, Sun JS, Gu DM, Wang J, Wang AP. Maggot excretions/secretions promote diabetic wound angiogenesis via miR18a/19a - TSP-1 axis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 165:108140. [PMID: 32277954 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The impaired angiogenesis is one of the main factors affecting the healing of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) wounds. Maggot debridement therapy (MDT) promotes granulation tissue growth and angiogenesis during DFU wound healing. Non-coding microRNAs can also promote local angiogenesis in DFU wounds by regulating wound repairing related gene expression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of microRNAs in MDT promoting DFU wound angiogenesis. METHODS In this study, we applied MDT to treat DFU wound tissue and detect the expression of the miR-17-92 cluster. In vitro experiments, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with maggot excretions/secretions (ES), the miR-17-92 cluster and the predicted target gene expression were measured. Tube formation assay and cell scratch assay were performed when inhibition of miR-18a/19a or overexpression of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) were used in this study. RESULTS miR-18a/19a transcription significantly up-regulated and TSP-1 expression down-regulated in patients wound tissue and in HUVECs. Inhibition of miR-18a/19a or overexpression of TSP-1 partially blocked the migration and tube formation ability stimulated by ES. CONCLUSION Targeted activation of miR-18a/19a transcription levels and subsequent regulation of TSP-1 expression may be a novel therapeutic strategy for DFU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yuan Wang
- Endocrinology Department, Air Force Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, No.1 Malu Road, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Endocrinology Department, Air Force Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, No.1 Malu Road, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Fei-Fei Li
- Endocrinology Department, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.678 Furong Road, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Yin-Chen Chen
- Endocrinology Department, Air Force Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, No.1 Malu Road, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Dong Jiang
- Endocrinology Department, Air Force Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, No.1 Malu Road, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Yue-Dong Chen
- Endocrinology Department, Air Force Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, No.1 Malu Road, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Hui Yang
- Endocrinology Department, Air Force Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, No.1 Malu Road, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Lan Liu
- Endocrinology Department, Air Force Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, No.1 Malu Road, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Meng Lu
- Endocrinology Department, Air Force Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, No.1 Malu Road, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Jin-Shan Sun
- Endocrinology Department, Air Force Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, No.1 Malu Road, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Dong-Mei Gu
- Endocrinology Department, Air Force Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, No.1 Malu Road, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Translational medicine center, Air Force Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, No.1 Malu Road, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Ai-Ping Wang
- Endocrinology Department, Air Force Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, No.1 Malu Road, Nanjing 210002, China.
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75
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Dissecting miRNA facilitated physiology and function in human breast cancer for therapeutic intervention. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 72:46-64. [PMID: 32497683 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key epigenomic regulators of biological processes in animals and plants. These small non coding RNAs form a complex networks that regulate cellular function and development. MiRNAs prevent translation by either inactivation or inducing degradation of mRNA, a major concern in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Aberrant regulation of gene expression by miRNAs is frequently observed in cancer. Overexpression of various 'oncomiRs' and silencing of tumor suppressor miRNAs are associated with various types of human cancers, although overall downregulation of miRNA expression is reported as a hallmark of cancer. Modulations of the total pool of cellular miRNA by alteration in genetic and epigenetic factors associated with the biogenesis of miRNA machinery. It also depends on the availability of cellular miRNAs from its store in the organelles which affect tumor development and cancer progression. Here, we have dissected the roles and pathways of various miRNAs during normal cellular and molecular functions as well as during breast cancer progression. Recent research works and prevailing views implicate that there are two major types of miRNAs; (i) intracellular miRNAs and (ii) extracellular miRNAs. Concept, that the functions of intracellular miRNAs are driven by cellular organelles in mammalian cells. Extracellular miRNAs function in cell-cell communication in extracellular spaces and distance cells through circulation. A detailed understanding of organelle driven miRNA function and the precise role of extracellular miRNAs, pre- and post-therapeutic implications of miRNAs in this scenario would open several avenues for further understanding of miRNA function and can be better exploited for the treatment of breast cancers.
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76
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Andreuzzi E, Capuano A, Poletto E, Pivetta E, Fejza A, Favero A, Doliana R, Cannizzaro R, Spessotto P, Mongiat M. Role of Extracellular Matrix in Gastrointestinal Cancer-Associated Angiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3686. [PMID: 32456248 PMCID: PMC7279269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal tumors are responsible for more cancer-related fatalities than any other type of tumors, and colorectal and gastric malignancies account for a large part of these diseases. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic approaches to improve the patients' outcome and the tumor microenvironment is a promising arena for the development of such treatments. In fact, the nature of the microenvironment in the different gastrointestinal tracts may significantly influence not only tumor development but also the therapy response. In particular, an important microenvironmental component and a potential therapeutic target is the vasculature. In this context, the extracellular matrix is a key component exerting an active effect in all the hallmarks of cancer, including angiogenesis. Here, we summarized the current knowledge on the role of extracellular matrix in affecting endothelial cell function and intratumoral vascularization in the context of colorectal and gastric cancer. The extracellular matrix acts both directly on endothelial cells and indirectly through its remodeling and the consequent release of growth factors. We envision that a deeper understanding of the role of extracellular matrix and of its remodeling during cancer progression is of chief importance for the development of new, more efficacious, targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Andreuzzi
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.A.); (A.C.); (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.F.); (A.F.); (R.D.); (P.S.)
| | - Alessandra Capuano
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.A.); (A.C.); (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.F.); (A.F.); (R.D.); (P.S.)
| | - Evelina Poletto
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.A.); (A.C.); (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.F.); (A.F.); (R.D.); (P.S.)
| | - Eliana Pivetta
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.A.); (A.C.); (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.F.); (A.F.); (R.D.); (P.S.)
| | - Albina Fejza
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.A.); (A.C.); (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.F.); (A.F.); (R.D.); (P.S.)
| | - Andrea Favero
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.A.); (A.C.); (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.F.); (A.F.); (R.D.); (P.S.)
| | - Roberto Doliana
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.A.); (A.C.); (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.F.); (A.F.); (R.D.); (P.S.)
| | - Renato Cannizzaro
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Experimental Gastrointestinal Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy;
| | - Paola Spessotto
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.A.); (A.C.); (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.F.); (A.F.); (R.D.); (P.S.)
| | - Maurizio Mongiat
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.A.); (A.C.); (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.F.); (A.F.); (R.D.); (P.S.)
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77
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Nammian P, Razban V, Tabei SMB, Asadi-Yousefabad SL. MicroRNA-126: Dual Role in Angiogenesis Dependent Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:4883-4893. [PMID: 32364067 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200504120737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNA-126, a microRNA implicated in blood vessel integrity and angiogenesis is significantly up/down regulated in different physiological and pathological conditions related to angiogenesis such as cardiovascular formation and angiogenesis dependent diseases. MicroRNA-126 plays a critical role in angiogenesis via regulating the proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis of angiogenesis related cells such as endothelial cells. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to investigate the molecular mechanisms and the effects of microRNA-126 on the process of angiogenesis in pathophysiological conditions. METHODS To conduct this review, related articles published between 2001 and 2019 were collected from the PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus and Scientific Information Database using search terms such as microRNA-126, angiogenesis, cardiovascular disorders, hypoxia, VEFG-A, endothelial cells, VEGF pathway, and gene silencing. Then, the qualified articles were reviewed. RESULTS MicroRNA-126 regulates the response of endothelial cells to VEGF, through directly repressing multiple targets, including Sprouty-related EVH1 domain-containing protein 1 (SPRED1) and phosphoinositol-3 kinase regulatory subunit 2 (PIK3R2/p85-b). MicroRNA-126 -3p and microRNA-126 -5p have cell-type and strandspecific functions and also various targets in angiogenesis that lead to the regulation of angiogenesis via different pathways and consequently diverse responses. CONCLUSION MicroRNA-126 can bind to multiple targets and potentially be both positive and negative regulators of gene expression. Thus, microRNA-126 could cause the opposite biological effects depending on the context. As a result, understanding the different cellular pathways through which microRNA-126 regulates angiogenesis in various situations is a critical aspect in the development of novel and effective treatments for diseases with insufficient angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Nammian
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Vahid Razban
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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78
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ElShelmani H, Wride MA, Saad T, Rani S, Kelly DJ, Keegan D. Identification of Novel Serum MicroRNAs in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:28. [PMID: 32818115 PMCID: PMC7396178 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.4.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To identify circulating microRNAs (miRNA) associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Thus differentially expressed serum miRNA could be used as AMD biomarkers. Methods This study involved total RNA isolation from sera from patients with atrophic AMD (n = 10), neovascular AMD (n = 10), and age- and sex-matched controls (n = 10). A total of 377 miRNAs were coanalyzed using array technologies, and differentially regulated miRNAs were determined. Extensive validation studies (n = 90) of serum from AMD patients and controls confirmed initial results. Total RNA isolation was carried out from sera from patients with atrophic AMD (n = 30), neovascular AMD (n = 30), and controls (n = 30). Fourteen miRNAs from the discovery dataset were coanalyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to validate their presence. Results Unsupervised hierarchical clustering indicated that AMD serum specimens have a different miRNA profile to healthy controls. We successfully identified and validated the differentially regulated miRNAs in serum from AMD patients versus controls. The biomarker potential of three miRNAs (miR-126, miR-19a, and miR-410) was confirmed by qRT-PCR, with significantly increased quantities in serum of AMD patients compared with healthy controls. Conclusions Increased quantities of miR-126, miR-410, and miR-19a in serum from AMD patients indicate that these miRNAs could potentially serve as diagnostic AMD biomarkers. All three miRNAs significantly correlated with AMD pathogenesis. Translational Relevance The discovery of new AMD miRNA may act as biomarkers in evaluating AMD diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan ElShelmani
- Ocular Development and Neurobiology Research Group, Zoology Department, School of Natural Sciences, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael A Wride
- Ocular Development and Neurobiology Research Group, Zoology Department, School of Natural Sciences, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tahira Saad
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sweta Rani
- Department of Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - David J Kelly
- Zoology Department, School of Natural Sciences, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Keegan
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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79
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Guan JT, Li XX, Peng DW, Zhang WM, Qu J, Lu F, D'Amato RJ, Chi ZL. MicroRNA-18a-5p Administration Suppresses Retinal Neovascularization by Targeting FGF1 and HIF1A. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:276. [PMID: 32210827 PMCID: PMC7076186 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathologic ocular neovascularization commonly results in visual impairment or even blindness in numerous fundus diseases, including proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). MicroRNAs regulate angiogenesis through modulating target genes and disease progression, making them a new class of targets for drug discovery. In this study, we investigated the potential role of miR-18a-5p in retinal neovascularization using a mouse model of oxygen-induced proliferative retinopathy (OIR). We found that miR-18a-5p was highly expressed in the retina of pups as well as retinal endothelial cells, and was consistently down-regulated during retinal development. On the other hand, miR-18a-5p was increased significantly during pathologic neovascularization in the retinas of OIR mice. Moreover, intravitreal administration of miRNA mimic, agomiR-18a-5p, significantly suppressed retinal neovascularization in OIR models. Accordingly, agomir-18a-5p markedly suppressed human retinal microvascular endothelial cell (HRMEC) function including proliferation, migration, and tube formation ability. Additionally, we demonstrated that miR-18a-5p directly down-regulated known vascular growth factors, fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1A), as the target genes. In conclusion, miR-18a-5p may be a useful drug target for pathologic ocular neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Tian Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xin-Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - De-Wei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wen-Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jia Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,International Joint Research Center for Regenerative Medicine and Neurogenetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Robert J D'Amato
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zai-Long Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,International Joint Research Center for Regenerative Medicine and Neurogenetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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80
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He N, Zhang YL, Zhang Y, Feng B, Zheng Z, Wang D, Zhang S, Guo Q, Ye H. Circulating MicroRNAs in Plasma Decrease in Response to Sarcopenia in the Elderly. Front Genet 2020; 11:167. [PMID: 32194634 PMCID: PMC7066121 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
sarcopenia has been defined as the aging-related disease with the declined mass, strength, and function of skeletal muscle, which is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in elders. Current diagnostic criteria of sarcopenia have not been agreed internationally, and the clinical diagnostic biomarkers for sarcopenia have not been identified. Circulating miRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) have recently been characterized as novel biomarkers for sarcopenia. However, the change of circulating miRNAs in response to sarcopenia are still not fully understood. Here, we enrolled a total of 93 elderly patients clinically diagnosed with sarcopenia and matching 93 non-sarcopenia elderly in this study. Specifically, levels of candidate circulating miRNAs which were involved in angiogenesis, inflammation and enriched in muscle and/or cardiac tissues were detected in these two groups. In small-sample screening experiments, plasma miR-155, miR-208b, miR-222, miR-210, miR-328, and miR-499 levels were significantly down-regulated in sarcopenia compared to those who non-sarcopenia. In contrast, miR-1, mir-133a, miR-133b, miR-21, miR-146a, miR-126, miR-221, and miR-20a were not changed significantly. Subsequently, we expanded the sample size to further detection and verification, and found that plasma miR-155, miR-208b, miR-222, miR-210, miR-328, and miR-499 levels in the sarcopenia group were significantly reduced compared to the non-sarcoma group, which is consistent with the results of the small-sample screening experiment. In addition, we showed that ASM/Height2, handgrip strength, knee extension and 4-meter velocity in sarcopenia group were significantly lower than those in non-sarcopenia group. Here we correlated the decrease of miR-208b, miR-499, miR-155, miR-222, miR-328, and miR-210 in sarcopenia group and non-sarcopenia group with diagnostic indexes of sarcopenia (ASM/Height2, Handgrip strength and 4-meter velocity) after adjusting sex. The results showed that miR-208b and miR-155 changes were significantly correlated with handgrip strength in woman, miR-208b, miR-499, and miR-222 changes were significantly correlated with ASM/Height2 in man, while other miRNAs changes did not show a strong correlation with these diagnostic indexes. In conclusion, plasma miR-208b, miR-499, miR-155, miR-222, miR-328, and miR-210 decrease in response to sarcopenia in the elderly. Although further studies are needed to clarify the potential use of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers of sarcopenia, present findings set the stage for defining circulating miRNAs as biomarkers and suggesting their physiological roles in elderly with sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana He
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China.,Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, China
| | - Yue Lin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Beili Feng
- Department of Cardiology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Zaixing Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Dongjuan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China.,Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Honghua Ye
- Department of Cardiology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
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Ali Syeda Z, Langden SSS, Munkhzul C, Lee M, Song SJ. Regulatory Mechanism of MicroRNA Expression in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1723. [PMID: 32138313 PMCID: PMC7084905 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 544] [Impact Index Per Article: 136.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered gene expression is the primary molecular mechanism responsible for the pathological processes of human diseases, including cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are virtually involved at the post-transcriptional level and bind to 3' UTR of their target messenger RNA (mRNA) to suppress expression. Dysfunction of miRNAs disturbs expression of oncogenic or tumor-suppressive target genes, which is implicated in cancer pathogenesis. As such, a large number of miRNAs have been found to be downregulated or upregulated in human cancers and to function as oncomiRs or oncosuppressor miRs. Notably, the molecular mechanism underlying the dysregulation of miRNA expression in cancer has been recently uncovered. The genetic deletion or amplification and epigenetic methylation of miRNA genomic loci and the transcription factor-mediated regulation of primary miRNA often alter the landscape of miRNA expression in cancer. Dysregulation of the multiple processing steps in mature miRNA biogenesis can also cause alterations in miRNA expression in cancer. Detailed knowledge of the regulatory mechanism of miRNAs in cancer is essential for understanding its physiological role and the implications of cancer-associated dysfunction and dysregulation. In this review, we elucidate how miRNA expression is deregulated in cancer, paying particular attention to the cancer-associated transcriptional and post-transcriptional factors that execute miRNA programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Ali Syeda
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (Z.A.S.); (S.S.S.L.); (C.M.)
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Siu Semar Saratu’ Langden
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (Z.A.S.); (S.S.S.L.); (C.M.)
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Choijamts Munkhzul
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (Z.A.S.); (S.S.S.L.); (C.M.)
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Mihye Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (Z.A.S.); (S.S.S.L.); (C.M.)
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Su Jung Song
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (Z.A.S.); (S.S.S.L.); (C.M.)
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
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Orso F, Quirico L, Dettori D, Coppo R, Virga F, Ferreira LC, Paoletti C, Baruffaldi D, Penna E, Taverna D. Role of miRNAs in tumor and endothelial cell interactions during tumor progression. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 60:214-224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Varghese E, Liskova A, Kubatka P, Samuel SM, Büsselberg D. Anti-Angiogenic Effects of Phytochemicals on miRNA Regulating Breast Cancer Progression. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020191. [PMID: 32012744 PMCID: PMC7072640 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several phytochemicals have been identified for their role in modifying miRNA regulating tumor progression. miRNAs modulate the expression of several oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes including the genes that regulate tumor angiogenesis. Hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) signaling is a central axis that activates oncogenic signaling and acts as a metabolic switch in endothelial cell (EC) driven tumor angiogenesis. Tumor angiogenesis driven by metabolic reprogramming of EC is crucial for tumor progression and metastasis in many different cancers, including breast cancers, and has been linked to aberrant miRNA expression profiles. In the current article, we identify different miRNAs that regulate tumor angiogenesis in the context of oncogenic signaling and metabolic reprogramming in ECs and review how selected phytochemicals could modulate miRNA levels to induce an anti-angiogenic action in breast cancer. Studies involving genistein, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and resveratrol demonstrate the regulation of miRNA-21, miRNA-221/222 and miRNA-27, which are prognostic markers in triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs). Modulating the metabolic pathway is a novel strategy for controlling tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth. Cardamonin, curcumin and resveratrol exhibit their anti-angiogenic property by targeting the miRNAs that regulate EC metabolism. Here we suggest that using phytochemicals to target miRNAs, which in turn suppresses tumor angiogenesis, should have the potential to inhibit tumor growth, progression, invasion and metastasis and may be developed into an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of many different cancers where tumor angiogenesis plays a significant role in tumor growth and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Varghese
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar; (E.V.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Alena Liskova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar; (E.V.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar; (E.V.); (S.M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +974-4492-8334; Fax: +974-4492-8333
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84
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Therapeutic Strategies for Corneal Wound Angiogenesis. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-020-00206-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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85
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Nishida K, Kuwano Y, Rokutan K. The MicroRNA-23b/27b/24 Cluster Facilitates Colon Cancer Cell Migration by Targeting FOXP2. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010174. [PMID: 31936744 PMCID: PMC7017312 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of cell migration capacity is an early and essential process in cancer development. The aim of this study was to identify microRNA gene expression networks that induced high migration capacity. Using colon cancer HCT116 cells subcloned by transwell-based migrated cell selection, microRNA array analysis was performed to examine the microRNA expression profile. Promoter activity and microRNA targets were assessed with luciferase reporters. Cell migration capacity was assessed by either the transwell or scratch assay. In isolated subpopulations with high migration capacity, the expression levels of the miR-23b/27b/24 cluster increased in accordance with the increased expression of the short C9orf3 transcript, a host gene of the miR-23b/27b/24 cluster. E2F1-binding sequences were involved in the basic transcription activity of the short C9orf3 expression, and E2F1-small-interfering (si)RNA treatment reduced the expression of both the C9orf3 and miR-23b/27b/24 clusters. Overexpression experiments showed that miR-23b and miR-27b promoted cell migration, but the opposite effect was observed with miR-24. Forkhead box P2 (FOXP2) mRNA and protein levels were reduced by both/either miR-23b and miR-27b. Furthermore, FOXP2 siRNA treatment significantly promoted cell migration. Our findings demonstrated a novel role of the miR-23b/27b/24 cluster in cell migration through targeting FOXP2, with potential implications for the development of microRNA-based therapy targeted at inhibiting cancer migration.
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Marengo B, Pulliero A, Izzotti A, Domenicotti C. miRNA Regulation of Glutathione Homeostasis in Cancer Initiation, Progression and Therapy Resistance. Microrna 2020; 9:187-197. [PMID: 31849293 PMCID: PMC7366003 DOI: 10.2174/2211536609666191218103220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant antioxidant that contributes to regulating the cellular production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) which, maintained at physiological levels, can exert a function of second messengers in living organisms. In fact, it has been demonstrated that moderate amounts of ROS can activate the signaling pathways involved in cell growth and proliferation, while high levels of ROS induce DNA damage leading to cancer development. Therefore, GSH is a crucial player in the maintenance of redox homeostasis and its metabolism has a role in tumor initiation, progression, and therapy resistance. Our recent studies demonstrated that neuroblastoma cells resistant to etoposide, a common chemotherapeutic drug, show a partial monoallelic deletion of the locus coding for miRNA 15a and 16-1 leading to a loss of these miRNAs and the activation of GSH-dependent responses. Therefore, the aim of this review is to highlight the role of specific miRNAs in the modulation of intracellular GSH levels in order to take into consideration the use of modulators of miRNA expression as a useful strategy to better sensitize tumors to current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Marengo
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Tel: +39 010 3538831; Fax: +39 010 3538836; E-mail:
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Aravindan N, Subramanian K, Somasundaram DB, Herman TS, Aravindan S. MicroRNAs in neuroblastoma tumorigenesis, therapy resistance, and disease evolution. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2019; 2:1086-1105. [PMID: 31867575 PMCID: PMC6924638 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2019.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) deriving from neural crest cells is the most common extra-cranial solid cancer at infancy. NB originates within the peripheral sympathetic ganglia in adrenal medulla and along the midline of the body. Clinically, NB exhibits significant heterogeneity stretching from spontaneous regression to rapid progression to therapy resistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are small (19-22 nt in length) non-coding RNAs that regulate human gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and are known to regulate cellular signaling, growth, differentiation, death, stemness, and maintenance. Consequently, the function of miRs in tumorigenesis, progression and resistance is of utmost importance for the understanding of dysfunctional cellular pathways that lead to disease evolution, therapy resistance, and poor clinical outcomes. Over the last two decades, much attention has been devoted to understanding the functional roles of miRs in NB biology. This review focuses on highlighting the important implications of miRs within the context of NB disease progression, particularly miRs’ influences on NB disease evolution and therapy resistance. In this review, we discuss the functions of both the “oncomiRs” and “tumor suppressor miRs” in NB progression/therapy resistance. These are the critical components to be considered during the development of novel miR-based therapeutic strategies to counter therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natarajan Aravindan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Karthikeyan Subramanian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Dinesh Babu Somasundaram
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Terence S Herman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Sun X, Xue H, Xiong Y, Yu R, Gao X, Qian M, Wang S, Wang H, Xu J, Chen Z, Deng L, Li G. GALE Promotes the Proliferation and Migration of Glioblastoma Cells and Is Regulated by miR-let-7i-5p. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:10539-10554. [PMID: 31908526 PMCID: PMC6924591 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s221585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Glioma is the most common and lethal type of brain tumor. While GALE (UDP-galactose-4-epimerase) has been shown to be overexpressed in some kinds of cancers, its expression in gliomas has not been reported. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) function as tumor suppressors in many cancers, and online datasets can be used to predict whether GALE is regulated by miR-let-7i-5p. In this investigation, we explored the effect and regulatory mechanisms of GALE on glioblastoma growth via miR-let-7i-5p. Methods We used a Cox proportional hazards model and publicly available datasets to examine the relationship between GALE and the survival rates of glioma patients. Bioinformatics predicted the targeting of GALE by miR-let-7i-5p. The proliferation, migration, cell cycle and apoptosis of human glioblastoma cells were assessed by relevant assays. We also demonstrated the effect of GALE on glioblastoma multiforme [GBM] tumor growth using an in vivo orthotopic xenograft model. Results GALE was upregulated in human gliomas, especially in high-grade gliomas (e.g., GBM). An obvious decline in GALE expression was observed in human glioblastoma cell lines (U87 and U251) following treatment with a small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting GALE or miR-let-7i-5p mimics. Knockdown of GALE or overexpression of miR-let-7i-5p (with miR-let-7i-5p mimics) inhibited U87 and U251 cell growth. miR-let-7i-5p significantly restrained the migration ability of human glioblastoma cells in vascular mimic (VM), wound healing and transwell assays, and GALE promoted glioblastoma growth in vivo. Conclusion Our findings confirm that GALE plays an important role in promoting the development of human glioma and that GALE can be regulated by miR-let-7i-5p to inhibit human glioblastoma growth. Implications for cancer survivors Our data show that cancer survivors have low GALE expression, which indicates that GALE may be a diagnostic biomarker and a promising therapeutic target in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong Province 253014, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyu Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaobo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Huizhi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianye Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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Liu Y, Li Q, Hosen MR, Zietzer A, Flender A, Levermann P, Schmitz T, Frühwald D, Goody P, Nickenig G, Werner N, Jansen F. Atherosclerotic Conditions Promote the Packaging of Functional MicroRNA-92a-3p Into Endothelial Microvesicles. Circ Res 2019; 124:575-587. [PMID: 30582459 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.314010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Microvesicle-incorporated microRNAs (miRs) are biomarkers and effectors of cardiovascular disease. Whether microvesicle-miR expression is regulated in coronary artery disease (CAD) or not is unknown. OBJECTIVE Here, we explore the expression of circulating microvesicle-miRs in patients with CAD and investigate the role of microvesicle-miR in endothelial cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Circulating microvesicles were isolated from patients' plasma by using ultracentrifugation. Electron microscopy was used to determine the size of the microvesicles. A Taqman miR array revealed certain microvesicle-miRs are significantly regulated in patients with stable CAD compared with patients with ACS. To validate the miR array results, 180 patients with angiographically excluded CAD (n=41), stable CAD (n=77), and acute coronary syndrome (n=62) were prospectively studied. Nine miRs involved in regulation of vascular performance-miR-126-3p, miR-222-3p, miR-let-7d-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-26a-5p, miR-92a-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-30b-5p, and miR-199a-5p-were quantified in circulating microvesicles by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Among these, miR-92a-3p was significantly increased in patients with CAD compared with non-CAD patients. Microvesicle-sorting experiments showed endothelial cells (ECs) were the major cell source for microvesicles containing miR-92a-3p. In vitro oxLDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein) and IL-6 (interleukin-6) stimulation increased miR-92a-3p expression in parent ECs and upregulated the expression level of endothelial microvesicle (EMV)-incorporated miR-92a-3p. Labeling of miR-92a-3p and EMVs demonstrated that functional miR-92a-3p was transported into recipient ECs, which accelerated cell migration and proliferation. Knockdown of miR-92a-3p in EMVs abrogated EMV-mediated effects on EC migration, proliferation, and blocked vascular network formation in a matrigel plug. Polymerase chain reaction-based gene profiling showed that the expression of THBS1 (thrombospondin 1) protein-a target of miR-92a-3p and an inhibitor of angiogenesis-was significantly reduced in ECs by EMVs. Knockdown of miR-92a-3p in EMVs abrogated EMV-mediated inhibition of the THBS1 gene and protein expression. CONCLUSIONS Atherosclerotic conditions promote the packaging of endothelial miR-92a-3p into EMVs. EMV-mediated transfer of functional miR-92a-3p regulates angiogenesis in recipient ECs by a THBS1-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Liu
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University, Bonn, Germany (Y.L., Q.L., M.R.H., A.Z., A.F., P.L., T.S., D.F., P.G., G.N., N.W., F.J.)
| | - Qian Li
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University, Bonn, Germany (Y.L., Q.L., M.R.H., A.Z., A.F., P.L., T.S., D.F., P.G., G.N., N.W., F.J.).,Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China (Q.L.)
| | - Mohammed Rabiul Hosen
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University, Bonn, Germany (Y.L., Q.L., M.R.H., A.Z., A.F., P.L., T.S., D.F., P.G., G.N., N.W., F.J.)
| | - Andreas Zietzer
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University, Bonn, Germany (Y.L., Q.L., M.R.H., A.Z., A.F., P.L., T.S., D.F., P.G., G.N., N.W., F.J.)
| | - Anna Flender
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University, Bonn, Germany (Y.L., Q.L., M.R.H., A.Z., A.F., P.L., T.S., D.F., P.G., G.N., N.W., F.J.)
| | - Paula Levermann
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University, Bonn, Germany (Y.L., Q.L., M.R.H., A.Z., A.F., P.L., T.S., D.F., P.G., G.N., N.W., F.J.)
| | - Theresa Schmitz
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University, Bonn, Germany (Y.L., Q.L., M.R.H., A.Z., A.F., P.L., T.S., D.F., P.G., G.N., N.W., F.J.)
| | - Daniel Frühwald
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University, Bonn, Germany (Y.L., Q.L., M.R.H., A.Z., A.F., P.L., T.S., D.F., P.G., G.N., N.W., F.J.)
| | - Philip Goody
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University, Bonn, Germany (Y.L., Q.L., M.R.H., A.Z., A.F., P.L., T.S., D.F., P.G., G.N., N.W., F.J.)
| | - Georg Nickenig
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University, Bonn, Germany (Y.L., Q.L., M.R.H., A.Z., A.F., P.L., T.S., D.F., P.G., G.N., N.W., F.J.)
| | - Nikos Werner
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University, Bonn, Germany (Y.L., Q.L., M.R.H., A.Z., A.F., P.L., T.S., D.F., P.G., G.N., N.W., F.J.)
| | - Felix Jansen
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University, Bonn, Germany (Y.L., Q.L., M.R.H., A.Z., A.F., P.L., T.S., D.F., P.G., G.N., N.W., F.J.)
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Vychytilova-Faltejskova P, Slaby O. MicroRNA-215: From biology to theranostic applications. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 70:72-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Leone P, Buonavoglia A, Fasano R, Solimando AG, De Re V, Cicco S, Vacca A, Racanelli V. Insights into the Regulation of Tumor Angiogenesis by Micro-RNAs. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122030. [PMID: 31757094 PMCID: PMC6947031 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of cancer is angiogenesis, a series of events leading to the formation of the abnormal vascular network required for tumor growth, development, progression, and metastasis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, single-stranded, non-coding RNAs whose functions include modulation of the expression of pro- and anti-angiogenic factors and regulation of the function of vascular endothelial cells. Vascular-associated microRNAs can be either pro- or anti-angiogenic. In cancer, miRNA expression levels are deregulated and typically vary during tumor progression. Experimental data indicate that the tumor phenotype can be modified by targeting miRNA expression. Based on these observations, miRNAs may be promising targets for the development of novel anti-angiogenic therapies. This review discusses the role of various miRNAs and their targets in tumor angiogenesis, describes the strategies and challenges of miRNA-based anti-angiogenic therapies and explores the potential use of miRNAs as biomarkers for anti-angiogenic therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Leone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.B.); (R.F.); (A.G.S.); (S.C.); (A.V.); (V.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-080-5478050; Fax: +39-080-5478-045
| | - Alessio Buonavoglia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.B.); (R.F.); (A.G.S.); (S.C.); (A.V.); (V.R.)
| | - Rossella Fasano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.B.); (R.F.); (A.G.S.); (S.C.); (A.V.); (V.R.)
| | - Antonio Giovanni Solimando
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.B.); (R.F.); (A.G.S.); (S.C.); (A.V.); (V.R.)
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, Viale Orazio Flacco, 65, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Valli De Re
- Bio-Proteomics Facility, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Cicco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.B.); (R.F.); (A.G.S.); (S.C.); (A.V.); (V.R.)
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.B.); (R.F.); (A.G.S.); (S.C.); (A.V.); (V.R.)
| | - Vito Racanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.B.); (R.F.); (A.G.S.); (S.C.); (A.V.); (V.R.)
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Fadaka AO, Klein A, Pretorius A. In silico identification of microRNAs as candidate colorectal cancer biomarkers. Tumour Biol 2019; 41:1010428319883721. [PMID: 31718480 DOI: 10.1177/1010428319883721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of microRNA in cancers plays a significant role in their pathogenesis. Specific expressions of these non-coding RNAs also serve as biomarkers for early colorectal cancer diagnosis, but their laboratory/molecular identification is challenging and expensive. The aim of this study was to identify potential microRNAs for colorectal cancer diagnosis using in silico approach. Sequence similarity search was employed to obtain the candidate microRNA from the datasets, and three target prediction software were employed to determine their target genes. To determine the involvement of these microRNAs in colorectal cancer, the microRNA gene list obtained was used alongside with colorectal cancer expressed genes from gbCRC and CoReCG databases for gene intersection analysis. The involvement of these genes in the cancer subtype was further strengthened with the DAVID database. KEGG and Gene Ontology were used for the pathway and functional analysis, while STRING was employed for the interactions of protein network and further visualized by Cytoscape. The cBioPortal database was used to prioritize the target genes; prognostic and expression analysis were finally performed on the candidate microRNAs and the prioritized targets. This study, therefore, identified five candidate microRNAs, two hub genes (CTNNB1 and epidermal growth factor receptor), and seven significant target genes associated with colorectal cancer. The molecular validation studies are ongoing to ascertain the biological fitness of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adewale Oluwaseun Fadaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Ashwil Klein
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Ashley Pretorius
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
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93
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Sahu SS, Dey S, Nabinger SC, Jiang G, Bates A, Tanaka H, Liu Y, Kota J. The Role and Therapeutic Potential of miRNAs in Colorectal Liver Metastasis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15803. [PMID: 31676795 PMCID: PMC6825151 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52225-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Liver metastasis is the major cause of CRC patient mortality, occurring in 60% patients with no effective therapies. Although studies have indicated the role of miRNAs in CRC, an in-depth miRNA expression analysis is essential to identify clinically relevant miRNAs and understand their potential in targeting liver metastasis. Here we analyzed miRNA expressions in 405 patient tumors from publicly available colorectal cancer genome sequencing project database. Our analyses showed miR-132, miR-378f, miR-605 and miR-1976 to be the most significantly downregulated miRNAs in primary and CRC liver metastatic tissues, and CRC cell lines. Observations in CRC cell lines indicated that ectopic expressions of miR-378f, -605 and -1976 suppress CRC cell proliferation, anchorage independent growth, metastatic potential, and enhance apoptosis. Consistently, CRC patients with higher miR-378f and miR-1976 levels exhibited better survival. Together, our data suggests an anti-tumorigenic role of these miRNAs in CRC and warrant future in vivo evaluation of the molecules for developing biomarkers or novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smiti S Sahu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shatovisha Dey
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sarah C Nabinger
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Guanglong Jiang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of BioHealth Informatics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Alison Bates
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hiromi Tanaka
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Janaiah Kota
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. .,The Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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94
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Filip D, Mraz M. The role of MYC in the transformation and aggressiveness of ‘indolent’ B-cell malignancies. Leuk Lymphoma 2019; 61:510-524. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2019.1675877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Filip
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Mraz
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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95
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Emami SS, Akbari A, Zare AA, Agah S, Masoodi M, Talebi A, Minaeian S, Fattahi A, Moghadamnia F. MicroRNA Expression Levels and Histopathological Features of Colorectal Cancer. J Gastrointest Cancer 2019; 50:276-284. [PMID: 29404790 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-018-0055-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-coding RNAs have opened a new window in cancer biology. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as a family of non-coding RNAs, play an important role in the gene regulation. The aberrant expression of these small molecules has been documented to involve in colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis. This study aimed to examine the expression of miRNAs in CRC and to correlate their expression levels with histological markers (Ki-67 and CD34). MATERIALS AND METHODS Tumor tissues and matched normal adjacent tissues were collected from 36 patients with newly diagnosed CRC. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of tumor tissues was performed for Ki-67 (proliferation) and CD34 (angiogenesis) markers, and the immunoexpression staining scores were obtained. A polyadenylation SYBER Green quantitative real-time PCR technique was used to quantify the expression of a panel of five CRC-related miRNAs (hsa-miR-21, 31, 20a, 133b, and 145). Histopathological (H) scores and miRNA expression levels were correlated with clinicopathological features including the degree of differentiation, staging, and lymphovascular invasion. RESULTS Our results showed the significant difference between the two groups for the expression level of hsa-miR-21, hsa-miR-31, hsa-miR-145, and miR-20a (P < 0.001), but not for hsa-miR-133b (P = 0.57). Further analysis revealed an inverse significant correlation between hsa-miR-145 and Ki-67 (r = - 0.942, P < 0.001). While a positive correlation was observed between hsa-miR-21 and Ki-67 (r = 0.920, P < 0.001), and hsa-miR-21 and CD34 (r = 0.981, P < 0.001). Also, a positive correlation between hsa-miR-31 and Ki-67 (r = 0.913, P < 0.001), hsa-miR-31 and CD34 (r = 0.798, P < 0.05), hsa-miR-20a and Ki-67 (r = 0.871, P < 0.001), and hsa-miR-20a and CD34 (r = 0.890, P < 0.001) was found. CONCLUSION Dysregulation of miRNAs and correlation with molecular histopathology indicate a biological role for miRNAs in various cellular processes including cell proliferation and angiogenesis in CRC development. On the other hand, the pattern of miRNA expression and its correlation with histological markers are potentially valuable to apply as diagnostic biomarkers for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Sarmasti Emami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbari
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali-Akbar Zare
- Young Researchers and Elites Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. .,Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shahram Agah
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Masoodi
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Talebi
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Minaeian
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Fattahi
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Moghadamnia
- Department of Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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96
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Glucose impairs angiogenesis and promotes ventricular remodelling following myocardial infarction via upregulation of microRNA-17. Exp Cell Res 2019; 381:191-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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97
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Xiong X, Sun Y, Wang X. HIF1A/miR‐20a‐5p/TGFβ1 axis modulates adipose‐derived stem cells in a paracrine manner to affect the angiogenesis of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:2091-2101. [PMID: 31368162 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xiong
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiancheng Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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98
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miR-19 family: A promising biomarker and therapeutic target in heart, vessels and neurons. Life Sci 2019; 232:116651. [PMID: 31302195 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The miR-19 family, including miR-19a, miR-19b-1 and miR-19b-2, arises from two different paralogous clusters miR-17-92 and miR-106a-363. Although it is identified as oncogenic miRNA, the miR-19 family has also been found to play important roles in regulating normal tissue development. The precise control of miR-19 family level is essential for keeping tissue homeostasis and normal development of organisms. Its dysregulation leads to dysplasia, disease and even cancer. Therefore, this review focuses on the roles of miR-19 family in the development and disease of heart, vessels and neurons to estimate the potential value of miR-19 family as diagnostic biomarker or therapeutic target of cardiac, neurological, and vascular diseases.
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99
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MicroRNA targeting by quercetin in cancer treatment and chemoprotection. Pharmacol Res 2019; 147:104346. [PMID: 31295570 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of evidences from clinical and preclinical studies have shown that dysregulation of microRNA (miRNA) function contributes to the progression of cancer and thus miRNA can be an effective target in therapy. Dietary phytochemicals, such as quercetin, are natural products that have potential anti-cancer properties due to their proven antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative effects. Available experimental studies indicate that quercetin could modulate multiple cancer-relevant miRNAs including let-7, miR-21, miR-146a and miR-155, thereby inhibiting cancer initiation and development. This paper reviews the data supporting the use of quercetin for miRNA-mediated chemopreventive and therapeutic strategies in various cancers, with the aim to comprehensively understand its health-promoting benefits and pharmacological potential. Integration of technology platforms for miRNAs biomarker and drug discovery is also presented.
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100
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Oncogenic Biogenesis of pri-miR-17∼92 Reveals Hierarchy and Competition among Polycistronic MicroRNAs. Mol Cell 2019; 75:340-356.e10. [PMID: 31253575 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The microRNAs encoded by the miR-17∼92 polycistron are commonly overexpressed in cancer and orchestrate a wide range of oncogenic functions. Here, we identify a mechanism for miR-17∼92 oncogenic function through the disruption of endogenous microRNA (miRNA) processing. We show that, upon oncogenic overexpression of the miR-17∼92 primary transcript (pri-miR-17∼92), the microprocessor complex remains associated with partially processed intermediates that aberrantly accumulate. These intermediates reflect a series of hierarchical and conserved steps in the early processing of the pri-miR-17∼92 transcript. Encumbrance of the microprocessor by miR-17∼92 intermediates leads to the broad but selective downregulation of co-expressed polycistronic miRNAs, including miRNAs derived from tumor-suppressive miR-34b/c and from the Dlk1-Dio3 polycistrons. We propose that the identified steps of polycistronic miR-17∼92 biogenesis contribute to the oncogenic re-wiring of gene regulation networks. Our results reveal previously unappreciated functional paradigms for polycistronic miRNAs in cancer.
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