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Signes A, Fernandez-Vizarra E. Assembly of mammalian oxidative phosphorylation complexes I-V and supercomplexes. Essays Biochem 2018; 62:255-270. [PMID: 30030361 PMCID: PMC6056720 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20170098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The assembly of the five oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane is an intricate process. The human enzymes comprise core proteins, performing the catalytic activities, and a large number of 'supernumerary' subunits that play essential roles in assembly, regulation and stability. The correct addition of prosthetic groups as well as chaperoning and incorporation of the structural components require a large number of factors, many of which have been found mutated in cases of mitochondrial disease. Nowadays, the mechanisms of assembly for each of the individual complexes are almost completely understood and the knowledge about the assembly factors involved is constantly increasing. On the other hand, it is now well established that complexes I, III and IV interact with each other, forming the so-called respiratory supercomplexes or 'respirasomes', although the pathways that lead to their formation are still not completely clear. This review is a summary of our current knowledge concerning the assembly of complexes I-V and of the supercomplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Signes
- MRC-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, U.K
| | - Erika Fernandez-Vizarra
- MRC-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, U.K.
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52
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Human diseases associated with defects in assembly of OXPHOS complexes. Essays Biochem 2018; 62:271-286. [PMID: 30030362 PMCID: PMC6056716 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20170099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The structural biogenesis and functional proficiency of the multiheteromeric complexes forming the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) require the concerted action of a number of chaperones and other assembly factors, most of which are specific for each complex. Mutations in a large number of these assembly factors are responsible for mitochondrial disorders, in most cases of infantile onset, typically characterized by biochemical defects of single specific complexes. In fact, pathogenic mutations in complex-specific assembly factors outnumber, in many cases, the repertoire of mutations found in structural subunits of specific complexes. The identification of patients with specific defects in assembly factors has provided an important contribution to the nosological characterization of mitochondrial disorders, and has also been a crucial means to identify a huge number of these proteins in humans, which play an essential role in mitochondrial bioenergetics. The wide use of next generation sequencing (NGS) has led to and will allow the identifcation of additional components of the assembly machinery of individual complexes, mutations of which are responsible for human disorders. The functional studies on patients' specimens, together with the creation and characterization of in vivo models, are fundamental to better understand the mechanisms of each of them. A new chapter in this field will be, in the near future, the discovery of mechanisms and actions underlying the formation of supercomplexes, molecular structures formed by the physical, and possibly functional, interaction of some of the individual respiratory complexes, particularly complex I (CI), III (CIII), and IV (CIV).
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53
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Kors L, Rampanelli E, Stokman G, Butter LM, Held NM, Claessen N, Larsen PWB, Verheij J, Zuurbier CJ, Liebisch G, Schmitz G, Girardin SE, Florquin S, Houtkooper RH, Leemans JC. Deletion of NLRX1 increases fatty acid metabolism and prevents diet-induced hepatic steatosis and metabolic syndrome. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018. [PMID: 29514047 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
NOD-like receptor (NLR)X1 (NLRX1) is an ubiquitously expressed inflammasome-independent NLR that is uniquely localized in mitochondria with as yet unknown effects on metabolic diseases. Here, we report that NLRX1 is essential in regulating cellular metabolism in non-immune parenchymal hepatocytes by decreasing mitochondrial fatty acid-dependent oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and promoting glycolysis. NLRX1 loss in mice has a profound impact on the prevention of diet-induced metabolic syndrome parameters, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression, and renal dysfunction. Despite enhanced caloric intake, NLRX1 deletion in mice fed a western diet (WD) results in protection from liver steatosis, hepatic fibrosis, obesity, insulin resistance, glycosuria and kidney dysfunction parameters independent from inflammation. While mitochondrial content was equal, NLRX1 loss in hepatocytes leads to increased fatty acid oxidation and decreased steatosis. In contrast, glycolysis was decreased in NLRX1-deficient cells versus controls. Thus, although first implicated in immune regulation, we show that NLRX1 function extends to the control of hepatocyte energy metabolism via the restriction of mitochondrial fatty acid-dependent OXPHOS and enhancement of glycolysis. As such NLRX1 may be an attractive novel therapeutic target for NAFLD and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Kors
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Elena Rampanelli
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geurt Stokman
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Loes M Butter
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ntsiki M Held
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nike Claessen
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Per W B Larsen
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joanne Verheij
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Coert J Zuurbier
- Department of Anesthesiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephen E Girardin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sandrine Florquin
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Riekelt H Houtkooper
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaklien C Leemans
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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54
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García-Bartolomé A, Peñas A, Marín-Buera L, Lobo-Jarne T, Pérez-Pérez R, Morán M, Arenas J, Martín MA, Ugalde C. Respiratory chain enzyme deficiency induces mitochondrial location of actin-binding gelsolin to modulate the oligomerization of VDAC complexes and cell survival. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:2493-2506. [PMID: 28431142 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable knowledge on the genetic basis of mitochondrial disorders, their pathophysiological consequences remain poorly understood. We previously used two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis analyses to define a protein profile characteristic for respiratory chain complex III-deficiency that included a significant overexpression of cytosolic gelsolin (GSN), a cytoskeletal protein that regulates the severing and capping of the actin filaments. Biochemical and immunofluorescence assays confirmed a specific increase of GSN levels in the mitochondria from patients' fibroblasts and from transmitochondrial cybrids with complex III assembly defects. A similar effect was obtained in control cells upon treatment with antimycin A in a dose-dependent manner, showing that the enzymatic inhibition of complex III is sufficient to promote the mitochondrial localization of GSN. Mitochondrial subfractionation showed the localization of GSN to the mitochondrial outer membrane, where it interacts with the voltage-dependent anion channel protein 1 (VDAC1). In control cells, VDAC1 was present in five stable oligomeric complexes, which showed increased levels and a modified distribution pattern in the complex III-deficient cybrids. Downregulation of GSN expression induced cell death in both cell types, in parallel with the specific accumulation of VDAC1 dimers and the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into the cytosol, indicating a role for GSN in the oligomerization of VDAC complexes and in the prevention of apoptosis. Our results demonstrate that respiratory chain complex III dysfunction induces the physiological upregulation and mitochondrial location of GSN, probably to promote cell survival responses through the modulation of the oligomeric state of the VDAC complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto García-Bartolomé
- Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid 28041, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid U723, Spain
| | - Ana Peñas
- Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid 28041, Spain
| | - Lorena Marín-Buera
- Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid 28041, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Biomembrane Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Teresa Lobo-Jarne
- Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid 28041, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid U723, Spain
| | - Rafael Pérez-Pérez
- Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid 28041, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid U723, Spain
| | - María Morán
- Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid 28041, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid U723, Spain
| | - Joaquín Arenas
- Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid 28041, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid U723, Spain
| | - Miguel A Martín
- Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid 28041, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid U723, Spain
| | - Cristina Ugalde
- Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid 28041, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid U723, Spain
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55
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Mitochondrial UQCRB as a new molecular prognostic biomarker of human colorectal cancer. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e391. [PMID: 29147009 PMCID: PMC5704184 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquinol cytochrome c reductase binding protein (UQCRB) is important for mitochondrial complex III stability, electron transport, cellular oxygen sensing and angiogenesis. However, its potential as a prognostic marker in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether UQCRB can be used as a diagnostic molecular marker for CRC. The correlation between the expression of three genes (UQCRB, UQCRFS1 and MT-CYB) in the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III and clinico-pathological features was determined. Compared to non-tumor tissues, UQCRB gene expression was upregulated in CRC tissues. Gene and protein expression of the genes were positively correlated. Copy number variation (CNV) differences in UQCRB were observed in CRC tissues (1.32-fold) compared to non-tumor tissues. The CNV of UQCRB in CRC tissues increased proportionally with gene expression and clinical stage. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the 3′-untranslated region of UQCRB (rs7836698 and rs10504961) were investigated, and the rs7836698 polymorphism was associated with CRC clinical stage. DNA methylation of the UQCRB promoter revealed that most CRC patients had high methylation levels (12/15 patients) in CRC tissues compared to non-tumor tissues. UQCRB overexpression and CNV gain were correlated with specific CRC clinico-pathological features, indicating clinical significance as a prognostic predictor in CRC. Gene structural factors may be more important than gene transcription repression factors with respect to DNA methylation in UQCRB overexpression. Our results provide novel insights into the critical role of UQCRB in regulating CRC, supporting UQCRB as a new candidate for the development of diagnostics for CRC patients.
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56
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Hempel M, Kremer LS, Tsiakas K, Alhaddad B, Haack TB, Löbel U, Feichtinger RG, Sperl W, Prokisch H, Mayr JA, Santer R. LYRM7 - associated complex III deficiency: A clinical, molecular genetic, MR tomographic, and biochemical study. Mitochondrion 2017; 37:55-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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57
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Panozzo C, Laleve A, Tribouillard-Tanvier D, Ostojić J, Sellem CH, Friocourt G, Bourand-Plantefol A, Burg A, Delahodde A, Blondel M, Dujardin G. Chemicals or mutations that target mitochondrial translation can rescue the respiratory deficiency of yeast bcs1 mutants. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:2297-2307. [PMID: 28888990 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bcs1p is a chaperone that is required for the incorporation of the Rieske subunit within complex III of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Mutations in the human gene BCS1L (BCS1-like) are the most frequent nuclear mutations resulting in complex III-related pathologies. In yeast, the mimicking of some pathogenic mutations causes a respiratory deficiency. We have screened chemical libraries and found that two antibiotics, pentamidine and clarithromycin, can compensate two bcs1 point mutations in yeast, one of which is the equivalent of a mutation found in a human patient. As both antibiotics target the large mtrRNA of the mitoribosome, we focused our analysis on mitochondrial translation. We found that the absence of non-essential translation factors Rrf1 or Mif3, which act at the recycling/initiation steps, also compensates for the respiratory deficiency of yeast bcs1 mutations. At compensating concentrations, both antibiotics, as well as the absence of Rrf1, cause an imbalanced synthesis of respiratory subunits which impairs the assembly of the respiratory complexes and especially that of complex IV. Finally, we show that pentamidine also decreases the assembly of complex I in nematode mitochondria. It is well known that complexes III and IV exist within the mitochondrial inner membrane as supramolecular complexes III2/IV in yeast or I/III2/IV in higher eukaryotes. Therefore, we propose that the changes in mitochondrial translation caused by the drugs or by the absence of translation factors, can compensate for bcs1 mutations by modifying the equilibrium between illegitimate, and thus inactive, and active supercomplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Panozzo
- Institute of Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry-Val d'Essonne, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - A Laleve
- Institute of Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry-Val d'Essonne, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - D Tribouillard-Tanvier
- Institute of Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry-Val d'Essonne, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - J Ostojić
- Institute of Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry-Val d'Essonne, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - C H Sellem
- Institute of Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry-Val d'Essonne, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - G Friocourt
- Institute of Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry-Val d'Essonne, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - A Bourand-Plantefol
- Institute of Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry-Val d'Essonne, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - A Burg
- Institute of Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry-Val d'Essonne, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - A Delahodde
- Institute of Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry-Val d'Essonne, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - M Blondel
- Institute of Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry-Val d'Essonne, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - G Dujardin
- Institute of Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry-Val d'Essonne, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France.
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58
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Bottani E, Cerutti R, Harbour ME, Ravaglia S, Dogan SA, Giordano C, Fearnley IM, D'Amati G, Viscomi C, Fernandez-Vizarra E, Zeviani M. TTC19 Plays a Husbandry Role on UQCRFS1 Turnover in the Biogenesis of Mitochondrial Respiratory Complex III. Mol Cell 2017; 67:96-105.e4. [PMID: 28673544 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in TTC19 (tetra-tricopeptide repeat domain 19) have been associated with severe neurological phenotypes and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III deficiency. We previously demonstrated the mitochondrial localization of TTC19 and its link with complex III biogenesis. Here we provide detailed insight into the mechanistic role of TTC19, by investigating a Ttc19?/? mouse model that shows progressive neurological and metabolic decline, decreased complex III activity, and increased production of reactive oxygen species. By using both the Ttc19?/? mouse model and a range of human cell lines, we demonstrate that TTC19 binds to the fully assembled complex III dimer, i.e., after the incorporation of the iron-sulfur Rieske protein (UQCRFS1). The in situ maturation of UQCRFS1 produces N-terminal polypeptides, which remain bound to holocomplex III. We show that, in normal conditions, these UQCRFS1 fragments are rapidly removed, but when TTC19 is absent they accumulate within complex III, causing its structural and functional impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Bottani
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Raffaele Cerutti
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Michael E Harbour
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Sabrina Ravaglia
- Istituto Neurologico "Casimiro Mondino," via Mondino 2, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Sukru Anil Dogan
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Carla Giordano
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Ian M Fearnley
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Giulia D'Amati
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Viscomi
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Erika Fernandez-Vizarra
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
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59
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Finsterer J, Scorza FA. Renal manifestations of primary mitochondrial disorders. Biomed Rep 2017; 6:487-494. [PMID: 28515908 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present review was to summarize and discuss previous findings concerning renal manifestations of primary mitochondrial disorders (MIDs). A literature review was performed using frequently used databases. The study identified that primary MIDs frequently present as mitochondrial multiorgan disorder syndrome (MIMODS) at onset or in the later course of the MID. Occasionally, the kidneys are affected in MIDs. Renal manifestations of MIDs include renal insufficiency, nephrolithiasis, nephrotic syndrome, renal cysts, renal tubular acidosis, Bartter-like syndrome, Fanconi syndrome, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial nephritis, nephrocalcinosis, and benign or malign neoplasms. Among the syndromic MIDs, renal involvement has been most frequently reported in patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes syndrome, Kearns-Sayre syndrome, Leigh syndrome and mitochondrial depletion syndromes. Only in single cases was renal involvement also reported in chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia, Pearson syndrome, Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, coenzyme-Q deficiency, X-linked sideroblastic anemia and ataxia, myopathy, lactic acidosis, and sideroblastic anemia, pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency, growth retardation, aminoaciduria, cholestasis, iron overload, lactacidosis, and early death, and hyperuricemia, pulmonary hypertension, renal failure in infancy and alkalosis syndrome. The present study proposes that the frequency of renal involvement in MIDs is probably underestimated. Diagnosis of renal involvement follows general guidelines and treatment is symptomatic. Thus, renal manifestations of primary MIDs require recognition and appropriate management, as they determine the outcome of MID patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Finsterer
- Neurological Department, Municipal Hospital Rudolfstiftung, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Fulvio Alexandre Scorza
- Paulista de Medicina School, Federal University of São Paulo, Primeiro Andar CEP, São Paulo 04039-032, SP, Brazil
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60
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Falco M, Franzè A, Iossa S, De Falco L, Gambale A, Marciano E, Iolascon A. Novel compound heterozygous mutations in BCS1L
gene causing Bjornstad syndrome in two siblings. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:1348-1352. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariateresa Falco
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies; “Federico II” University of Naples; Naples Italy
- CEINGE; Biotecnologie Avanzate; Naples Italy
| | - Annamaria Franzè
- CEINGE; Biotecnologie Avanzate; Naples Italy
- Unit of Audiology, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences; University of Naples “Federico II”; Naples Italy
| | | | | | - Antonella Gambale
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies; “Federico II” University of Naples; Naples Italy
- CEINGE; Biotecnologie Avanzate; Naples Italy
| | - Elio Marciano
- Unit of Audiology, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences; University of Naples “Federico II”; Naples Italy
| | - Achille Iolascon
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies; “Federico II” University of Naples; Naples Italy
- CEINGE; Biotecnologie Avanzate; Naples Italy
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61
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Alston CL, Rocha MC, Lax NZ, Turnbull DM, Taylor RW. The genetics and pathology of mitochondrial disease. J Pathol 2016; 241:236-250. [PMID: 27659608 PMCID: PMC5215404 DOI: 10.1002/path.4809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are double-membrane-bound organelles that are present in all nucleated eukaryotic cells and are responsible for the production of cellular energy in the form of ATP. Mitochondrial function is under dual genetic control - the 16.6-kb mitochondrial genome, with only 37 genes, and the nuclear genome, which encodes the remaining ∼1300 proteins of the mitoproteome. Mitochondrial dysfunction can arise because of defects in either mitochondrial DNA or nuclear mitochondrial genes, and can present in childhood or adulthood in association with vast clinical heterogeneity, with symptoms affecting a single organ or tissue, or multisystem involvement. There is no cure for mitochondrial disease for the vast majority of mitochondrial disease patients, and a genetic diagnosis is therefore crucial for genetic counselling and recurrence risk calculation, and can impact on the clinical management of affected patients. Next-generation sequencing strategies are proving pivotal in the discovery of new disease genes and the diagnosis of clinically affected patients; mutations in >250 genes have now been shown to cause mitochondrial disease, and the biochemical, histochemical, immunocytochemical and neuropathological characterization of these patients has led to improved diagnostic testing strategies and novel diagnostic techniques. This review focuses on the current genetic landscape associated with mitochondrial disease, before focusing on advances in studying associated mitochondrial pathology in two, clinically relevant organs - skeletal muscle and brain. © 2016 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte L Alston
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mariana C Rocha
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nichola Z Lax
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Doug M Turnbull
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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62
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Sun Z, Lan X, Ahsan A, Xi Y, Liu S, Zhang Z, Chu P, Song Y, Piao F, Peng J, Lin Y, Han G, Tang Z. Phosphocreatine protects against LPS-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell apoptosis by regulating mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Apoptosis 2016; 21:283-97. [PMID: 26708229 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-015-1210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Phosphocreatine (PCr) is an exogenous energy substance, which provides phosphate groups for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) cycle and promotes energy metabolism in cells. However, it is still unclear whether PCr has influenced on mitochondrial energy metabolism as well as oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHO) in previous studies. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the regulation of PCr on lipopolsaccharide (LPS)-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and mitochondrial OXPHO pathway. PCr protected HUVECs against LPS-induced apoptosis by suppressing the mitochondrial permeability transition, cytosolic release of cytochrome c (Cyt C), Ca(2+), reactive oxygen species and subsequent activation of caspases, and increasing Bcl2 expression, while suppressing Bax expression. More importantly, PCr significantly improved mitochondrial swelling and membrane potential, enhanced the activities of ATP synthase and mitochondrial creatine kinase (CKmt) in creatine shuttle, influenced on respiratory chain enzymes, respiratory control ratio, phosphorus/oxygen ratio and ATP production of OXPHO. Above PCr-mediated mitochondrial events were effectively more favorable to reduced form of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH2) pathway than reduced form of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotid pathway in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Our results revealed that PCr protects against LPS-induced HUVECs apoptosis, which probably related to stabilization of intracellular energy metabolism, especially for FADH2 pathway in mitochondrial respiratory chain, ATP synthase and CKmt. Our findings suggest that PCr may play a certain role in the treatment of atherosclerosis via protecting endothelial cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwu Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, West Section 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China.,Pharmacy Department, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lan
- Neurology Department, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Anil Ahsan
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, West Section 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yalin Xi
- Pharmacy Department, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Shumin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, West Section 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Zonghui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, West Section 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Peng Chu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, West Section 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yushu Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, West Section 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Fengyuan Piao
- Public Health Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, West Section 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, West Section 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Guozhu Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, West Section 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Zeyao Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, West Section 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China.
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63
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Zieliński ŁP, Smith AC, Smith AG, Robinson AJ. Metabolic flexibility of mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders predicted by computer modelling. Mitochondrion 2016; 31:45-55. [PMID: 27697518 PMCID: PMC5115619 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction causes a variety of life-threatening diseases affecting about 1 in 4300 adults. These diseases are genetically heterogeneous, but have the same outcome; reduced activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes causing decreased ATP production and potentially toxic accumulation of metabolites. Severity and tissue specificity of these effects varies between patients by unknown mechanisms and treatment options are limited. So far most research has focused on the complexes themselves, and the impact on overall cellular metabolism is largely unclear. To illustrate how computer modelling can be used to better understand the potential impact of these disorders and inspire new research directions and treatments, we simulated them using a computer model of human cardiomyocyte mitochondrial metabolism containing over 300 characterised reactions and transport steps with experimental parameters taken from the literature. Overall, simulations were consistent with patient symptoms, supporting their biological and medical significance. These simulations predicted: complex I deficiencies could be compensated using multiple pathways; complex II deficiencies had less metabolic flexibility due to impacting both the TCA cycle and the respiratory chain; and complex III and IV deficiencies caused greatest decreases in ATP production with metabolic consequences that parallel hypoxia. Our study demonstrates how results from computer models can be compared to a clinical phenotype and used as a tool for hypothesis generation for subsequent experimental testing. These simulations can enhance understanding of dysfunctional mitochondrial metabolism and suggest new avenues for research into treatment of mitochondrial disease and other areas of mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz P Zieliński
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK; University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0SP, UK
| | - Anthony C Smith
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Alexander G Smith
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Alan J Robinson
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
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64
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Kremer L, L 'hermitte-Stead C, Lesimple P, Gilleron M, Filaut S, Jardel C, Haack T, Strom T, Meitinger T, Azzouz H, Tebib N, Ogier De Baulny H, Touati G, Prokisch H, Lombès A. Severe respiratory complex III defect prevents liver adaptation to prolonged fasting. J Hepatol 2016; 65:377-85. [PMID: 27151179 PMCID: PMC5640785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Next generation sequencing approaches have tremendously improved the diagnosis of rare genetic diseases. It may however be faced with difficult clinical interpretation of variants. Inherited enzymatic diseases provide an invaluable possibility to evaluate the function of the defective enzyme in human cell biology. This is the case for respiratory complex III, which has 11 structural subunits and requires several assembly factors. An important role of complex III in liver function is suggested by its frequent impairment in human cases of genetic complex III defects. METHODS We report the case of a child with complex III defect and acute liver dysfunction with lactic acidosis, hypoglycemia, and hyperammonemia. Mitochondrial activities were assessed in liver and fibroblasts using spectrophotometric assays. Genetic analysis was done by exome followed by Sanger sequencing. Functional complementation of defective fibroblasts was performed using lentiviral transduction followed by enzymatic analyses and expression assays. RESULTS Homozygous, truncating, mutations in LYRM7 and MTO1, two genes encoding essential mitochondrial proteins were found. Functional complementation of the complex III defect in fibroblasts demonstrated the causal role of LYRM7 mutations. Comparison of the patient's clinical history to previously reported patients with complex III defect due to nuclear DNA mutations, some actually followed by us, showed striking similarities allowing us to propose common pathophysiology. CONCLUSIONS Profound complex III defect in liver does not induce actual liver failure but impedes liver adaptation to prolonged fasting leading to severe lactic acidosis, hypoglycemia, and hyperammonemia, potentially leading to irreversible brain damage. LAY SUMMARY The diagnosis of rare genetic disease has been tremendously accelerated by the development of high throughput sequencing technology. In this paper we report the investigations that have led to identify LYRM7 mutations causing severe hepatic defect of respiratory complex III. Based on the comparison of the patient's phenotype with other cases of complex III defect, we propose that profound complex III defect in liver does not induce actual liver failure but impedes liver adaptation to prolonged fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kremer
- Institute of Human Genetics
Technische Universität München [München] - HelmholtzZentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health - 85764 Neuherberg
| | - Caroline L 'hermitte-Stead
- Institut Cochin
Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 - Université Sorbonne Paris Cité - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - U1016Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UMR 810422 rue Méchain, 75014 Paris
| | - Pierre Lesimple
- Institut Cochin
Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 - Université Sorbonne Paris Cité - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - U1016Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UMR 810422 rue Méchain, 75014 Paris
| | - Mylène Gilleron
- Institut Cochin
Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 - Université Sorbonne Paris Cité - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - U1016Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UMR 810422 rue Méchain, 75014 Paris,Service de Biochimie Métabolique et Centre de Génétique moléculaire et chromosomique [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière]
Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) - CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP] - 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital 75013 Paris
| | - Sandrine Filaut
- Service de Biochimie Métabolique et Centre de Génétique moléculaire et chromosomique [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière]
Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) - CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP] - 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital 75013 Paris
| | - Claude Jardel
- Institut Cochin
Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 - Université Sorbonne Paris Cité - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - U1016Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UMR 810422 rue Méchain, 75014 Paris,Service de Biochimie Métabolique et Centre de Génétique moléculaire et chromosomique [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière]
Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) - CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP] - 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital 75013 Paris
| | - Tobias Haack
- Institute of Human Genetics
Technische Universität München [München] - HelmholtzZentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health - 85764 Neuherberg
| | - Tim Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics
Technische Universität München [München] - HelmholtzZentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health - 85764 Neuherberg
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics
Technische Universität München [München] - HelmholtzZentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health - 85764 Neuherberg
| | - Hatem Azzouz
- Service de Pédiatrie [La Rabta, Tunis]
Hopital La Rabta - Tunis - La Rabta Jebbari 1007 Tunis
| | - Neji Tebib
- Service de Pédiatrie [La Rabta, Tunis]
Hopital La Rabta - Tunis - La Rabta Jebbari 1007 Tunis
| | - Hélène Ogier De Baulny
- Service de neurologie pédiatrique et maladies métaboliques
Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) - Hôpital Robert Debré - Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 - 48, boulevard Sérurier 75935 PARIS CEDEX 19
| | - Guy Touati
- Hépatologie et Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme
Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse - Centre de référence commun pour les maladies héréditaires du métabolisme - Hôpital des Enfants - 330, avenue de Grande-Bretagne - TSA 70034 - 31059 Toulouse cedex 9.
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics
Technische Universität München [München] - HelmholtzZentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health - 85764 Neuherberg
| | - Anne Lombès
- Inserm UMR 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8104, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; Université Paris V René Descartes, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.
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65
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Emma F, Montini G, Parikh SM, Salviati L. Mitochondrial dysfunction in inherited renal disease and acute kidney injury. Nat Rev Nephrol 2016; 12:267-80. [PMID: 26804019 PMCID: PMC5469549 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2015.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are increasingly recognized as key players in genetic and acquired renal diseases. Most mitochondrial cytopathies that cause renal symptoms are characterized by tubular defects, but glomerular, tubulointerstitial and cystic diseases have also been described. For example, defects in coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) biosynthesis and the mitochondrial DNA 3243 A>G mutation are important causes of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in children and in adults, respectively. Although they sometimes present with isolated renal findings, mitochondrial diseases are frequently associated with symptoms related to central nervous system and neuromuscular involvement. They can result from mutations in nuclear genes that are inherited according to classic Mendelian rules or from mutations in mitochondrial DNA, which are transmitted according to more complex rules of mitochondrial genetics. Diagnosis of mitochondrial disorders involves clinical characterization of patients in combination with biochemical and genetic analyses. In particular, prompt diagnosis of CoQ10 biosynthesis defects is imperative because of their potentially reversible nature. In acute kidney injury (AKI), mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the physiopathology of tissue injury, whereas mitochondrial biogenesis has an important role in the recovery of renal function. Potential therapies that target mitochondrial dysfunction or promote mitochondrial regeneration are being developed to limit renal damage during AKI and promote repair of injured tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Emma
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù-IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Montini
- Pediatric Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via della Commenda 9, Milano, Italy
| | - Samir M Parikh
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padova, Italy
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Jackson CB, Bauer MF, Schaller A, Kotzaeridou U, Ferrarini A, Hahn D, Chehade H, Barbey F, Tran C, Gallati S, Haeberli A, Eggimann S, Bonafé L, Nuoffer JM. A novel mutation in BCS1L associated with deafness, tubulopathy, growth retardation and microcephaly. Eur J Pediatr 2016; 175:517-25. [PMID: 26563427 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-015-2661-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We report a novel homozygous missense mutation in the ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase synthesis-like (BCS1L) gene in two consanguineous Turkish families associated with deafness, Fanconi syndrome (tubulopathy), microcephaly, mental and growth retardation. All three patients presented with transitory metabolic acidosis in the neonatal period and development of persistent renal de Toni-Debré-Fanconi-type tubulopathy, with subsequent rachitis, short stature, microcephaly, sensorineural hearing impairment, mild mental retardation and liver dysfunction. The novel missense mutation c.142A>G (p.M48V) in BCS1L is located at a highly conserved region associated with sorting to the mitochondria. Biochemical analysis revealed an isolated complex III deficiency in skeletal muscle not detected in fibroblasts. Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) revealed normal super complex formation, but a shift in mobility of complex III most likely caused by the absence of the BCS1L-mediated insertion of Rieske Fe/S protein into complex III. These findings expand the phenotypic spectrum of BCS1L mutations, highlight the importance of biochemical analysis of different primary affected tissue and underline that neonatal lactic acidosis with multi-organ involvement may resolve after the newborn period with a relatively spared neurological outcome and survival into adulthood. CONCLUSION Mutation screening for BCS1L should be considered in the differential diagnosis of severe (proximal) tubulopathy in the newborn period. WHAT IS KNOWN • Mutations in BCS1L cause mitochondrial complex III deficiencies. • Phenotypic presentations of defective BCS1L range from Bjornstad to neonatal GRACILE syndrome. What is New: • Description of a novel homozygous mutation in BCS1L with transient neonatal acidosis and persistent de Toni-Debré-Fanconi-type tubulopathy. • The long survival of patients with phenotypic presentation of severe complex III deficiency is uncommon.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Jackson
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Berne, Berne, Switzerland. .,Research Program for Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - M F Bauer
- Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - A Schaller
- Division of Human Genetics, Berne, University Hospital Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | | | - A Ferrarini
- Ospedale Regionale di Bellinzona, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - D Hahn
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - H Chehade
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F Barbey
- Center for Molecular Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Tran
- Center for Molecular Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Gallati
- Division of Human Genetics, Berne, University Hospital Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - A Haeberli
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - S Eggimann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - L Bonafé
- Center for Molecular Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J-M Nuoffer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Berne, Berne, Switzerland
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Gerards M, Sallevelt SCEH, Smeets HJM. Leigh syndrome: Resolving the clinical and genetic heterogeneity paves the way for treatment options. Mol Genet Metab 2016; 117:300-12. [PMID: 26725255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Leigh syndrome is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, affecting 1 in 40,000 live births. Most patients present with symptoms between the ages of three and twelve months, but adult onset Leigh syndrome has also been described. The disease course is characterized by a rapid deterioration of cognitive and motor functions, in most cases resulting in death due to respiratory failure. Despite the high genetic heterogeneity of Leigh syndrome, patients present with identical, symmetrical lesions in the basal ganglia or brainstem on MRI, while additional clinical manifestations and age of onset varies from case to case. To date, mutations in over 60 genes, both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA encoded, have been shown to cause Leigh syndrome, still explaining only half of all cases. In most patients, these mutations directly or indirectly affect the activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain or pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Exome sequencing has accelerated the discovery of new genes and pathways involved in Leigh syndrome, providing novel insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms. This is particularly important as no general curative treatment is available for this devastating disorder, although several recent studies imply that early treatment might be beneficial for some patients depending on the gene or process affected. Timely, gene-based personalized treatment may become an important strategy in rare, genetically heterogeneous disorders like Leigh syndrome, stressing the importance of early genetic diagnosis and identification of new genes/pathways. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the most important clinical manifestations and genes/pathways involved in Leigh syndrome, and discuss the current state of therapeutic interventions in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Gerards
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Research School GROW, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Maastricht Center for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Suzanne C E H Sallevelt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Research School GROW, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hubert J M Smeets
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Research School GROW, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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68
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Lasserre JP, Dautant A, Aiyar RS, Kucharczyk R, Glatigny A, Tribouillard-Tanvier D, Rytka J, Blondel M, Skoczen N, Reynier P, Pitayu L, Rötig A, Delahodde A, Steinmetz LM, Dujardin G, Procaccio V, di Rago JP. Yeast as a system for modeling mitochondrial disease mechanisms and discovering therapies. Dis Model Mech 2016; 8:509-26. [PMID: 26035862 PMCID: PMC4457039 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.020438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are severe and largely untreatable. Owing to the many essential processes carried out by mitochondria and the complex cellular systems that support these processes, these diseases are diverse, pleiotropic, and challenging to study. Much of our current understanding of mitochondrial function and dysfunction comes from studies in the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Because of its good fermenting capacity, S. cerevisiae can survive mutations that inactivate oxidative phosphorylation, has the ability to tolerate the complete loss of mitochondrial DNA (a property referred to as ‘petite-positivity’), and is amenable to mitochondrial and nuclear genome manipulation. These attributes make it an excellent model system for studying and resolving the molecular basis of numerous mitochondrial diseases. Here, we review the invaluable insights this model organism has yielded about diseases caused by mitochondrial dysfunction, which ranges from primary defects in oxidative phosphorylation to metabolic disorders, as well as dysfunctions in maintaining the genome or in the dynamics of mitochondria. Owing to the high level of functional conservation between yeast and human mitochondrial genes, several yeast species have been instrumental in revealing the molecular mechanisms of pathogenic human mitochondrial gene mutations. Importantly, such insights have pointed to potential therapeutic targets, as have genetic and chemical screens using yeast. Summary: In this Review, we discuss the use of budding yeast to understand mitochondrial diseases and help in the search for their treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Lasserre
- University Bordeaux-CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns, Bordeaux F-33000, France
| | - Alain Dautant
- University Bordeaux-CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns, Bordeaux F-33000, France
| | - Raeka S Aiyar
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Roza Kucharczyk
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - Annie Glatigny
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, 1 avenue de la terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Déborah Tribouillard-Tanvier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1078, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne, CHRU Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Brest F-29200, France
| | - Joanna Rytka
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - Marc Blondel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1078, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne, CHRU Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Brest F-29200, France
| | - Natalia Skoczen
- University Bordeaux-CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns, Bordeaux F-33000, France Department of Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - Pascal Reynier
- UMR CNRS 6214-INSERM U1083, Angers 49933, Cedex 9, France Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers 49933, Cedex 9, France
| | - Laras Pitayu
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, rue Gregor Mendel, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Agnès Rötig
- Inserm U1163, Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Institut Imagine, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 149 rue de Sèvres, Paris 75015, France
| | - Agnès Delahodde
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, rue Gregor Mendel, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Lars M Steinmetz
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany Stanford Genome Technology Center, Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5301, USA
| | - Geneviève Dujardin
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, 1 avenue de la terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Vincent Procaccio
- UMR CNRS 6214-INSERM U1083, Angers 49933, Cedex 9, France Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers 49933, Cedex 9, France
| | - Jean-Paul di Rago
- University Bordeaux-CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns, Bordeaux F-33000, France
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Combined defects in oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid β-oxidation in mitochondrial disease. Biosci Rep 2016; 36:BSR20150295. [PMID: 26839416 PMCID: PMC4793296 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20150295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria provide the main source of energy to eukaryotic cells, oxidizing fats and sugars to generate ATP. Mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) are two metabolic pathways which are central to this process. Defects in these pathways can result in diseases of the brain, skeletal muscle, heart and liver, affecting approximately 1 in 5000 live births. There are no effective therapies for these disorders, with quality of life severely reduced for most patients. The pathology underlying many aspects of these diseases is not well understood; for example, it is not clear why some patients with primary FAO deficiencies exhibit secondary OXPHOS defects. However, recent findings suggest that physical interactions exist between FAO and OXPHOS proteins, and that these interactions are critical for both FAO and OXPHOS function. Here, we review our current understanding of the interactions between FAO and OXPHOS proteins and how defects in these two metabolic pathways contribute to mitochondrial disease pathogenesis.
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70
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Dallabona C, Abbink TEM, Carrozzo R, Torraco A, Legati A, van Berkel CGM, Niceta M, Langella T, Verrigni D, Rizza T, Diodato D, Piemonte F, Lamantea E, Fang M, Zhang J, Martinelli D, Bevivino E, Dionisi-Vici C, Vanderver A, Philip SG, Kurian MA, Verma IC, Bijarnia-Mahay S, Jacinto S, Furtado F, Accorsi P, Ardissone A, Moroni I, Ferrero I, Tartaglia M, Goffrini P, Ghezzi D, van der Knaap MS, Bertini E. LYRM7mutations cause a multifocal cavitating leukoencephalopathy with distinct MRI appearance. Brain 2016; 139:782-94. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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71
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Hsu YHR, Yogasundaram H, Parajuli N, Valtuille L, Sergi C, Oudit GY. MELAS syndrome and cardiomyopathy: linking mitochondrial function to heart failure pathogenesis. Heart Fail Rev 2015; 21:103-116. [DOI: 10.1007/s10741-015-9524-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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72
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Park SJ, Kim YH, Lee SR, Choe SH, Kim MJ, Kim SU, Kim JS, Sim BW, Song BS, Jeong KJ, Jin YB, Lee Y, Park YH, Park YI, Huh JW, Chang KT. Gain of a New Exon by a Lineage-Specific Alu Element-Integration Event in the BCS1L Gene during Primate Evolution. Mol Cells 2015; 38:950-8. [PMID: 26537194 PMCID: PMC4673409 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BCS1L gene encodes mitochondrial protein and is a member of conserved AAA protein family. This gene is involved in the incorporation of Rieske FeS and Qcr10p into complex III of respiratory chain. In our previous study, AluYRa2-derived alternative transcript in rhesus monkey genome was identified. However, this transcript has not been reported in human genome. In present study, we conducted evolutionary analysis of AluYRa2-exonized transcript with various primate genomic DNAs and cDNAs from humans, rhesus monkeys, and crab-eating monkeys. Remarkably, our results show that AluYRa2 element has only been integrated into genomes of Macaca species. This Macaca lineage-specific integration of AluYRa2 element led to exonization event in the first intron region of BCS1L gene by producing a conserved 3' splice site. Intriguingly, in rhesus and crab-eating monkeys, more diverse transcript variants by alternative splicing (AS) events, including exon skipping and different 5' splice sites from humans, were identified. Alignment of amino acid sequences revealed that AluYRa2-exonized transcript has short N-terminal peptides. Therefore, AS events play a major role in the generation of various transcripts and proteins during primate evolution. In particular, lineage-specific integration of Alu elements and species-specific Alu-derived exonization events could be important sources of gene diversification in primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Je Park
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 363-883,
Korea
| | - Young-Hyun Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 363-883,
Korea
- University of Science & Technology, National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 363-883,
Korea
| | - Sang-Rae Lee
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 363-883,
Korea
- University of Science & Technology, National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 363-883,
Korea
| | - Se-Hee Choe
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 363-883,
Korea
- University of Science & Technology, National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 363-883,
Korea
| | - Myung-Jin Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 363-883,
Korea
| | - Sun-Uk Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 363-883,
Korea
| | - Ji-Su Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 363-883,
Korea
| | - Bo-Woong Sim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 363-883,
Korea
| | - Bong-Seok Song
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 363-883,
Korea
| | - Kang-Jin Jeong
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 363-883,
Korea
| | - Yeung-Bae Jin
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 363-883,
Korea
| | - Youngjeon Lee
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 363-883,
Korea
| | - Young-Ho Park
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 363-883,
Korea
| | - Young Il Park
- Graduate School Department of Digital Media, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750,
Korea
| | - Jae-Won Huh
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 363-883,
Korea
- University of Science & Technology, National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 363-883,
Korea
| | - Kyu-Tae Chang
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 363-883,
Korea
- University of Science & Technology, National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 363-883,
Korea
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73
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Exome sequencing reveals novel BCS1L mutations in siblings with hearing loss and hypotrichosis. Gene 2015; 566:84-8. [PMID: 25895478 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
As a powerful tool to identify the molecular pathogenesis of Mendelian disorders, exome sequencing was used to identify the genetic basis of two siblings with hearing loss and hypotrichosis and clarify the diagnosis. No pathogenic mutations in GJB2, GJB3 and GJB6 genes were found in the siblings. By analysis of exome of the proband, we identified a novel missense (p.R306C) mutation and a nonsense (p.R186*) mutation in the BCS1L gene. Mutations were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The siblings were compound heterozygotes, and the inheritance mode of autosomal recessive was postulated. BCS1L is the causative gene of Björnstad syndrome, which is characterized by sensorineural hearing loss and pili torti. The longitudinal gutters along the hair shaft were found by scanning electron microscopy in our patient. Therefore the diagnosis of Björnstad syndrome was eventually made for the patients. Our study extends the phenotypic spectrum of Björnstad syndrome and highlights the clinical applicability of exome sequencing as a diagnostic tool for atypical Mendelian disorders.
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74
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Fernández-Vizarra E, Zeviani M. Nuclear gene mutations as the cause of mitochondrial complex III deficiency. Front Genet 2015; 6:134. [PMID: 25914718 PMCID: PMC4391031 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex III (CIII) deficiency is one of the least common oxidative phosphorylation defects associated to mitochondrial disease. CIII constitutes the center of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, as well as a crossroad for several other metabolic pathways. For more than 10 years, of all the potential candidate genes encoding structural subunits and assembly factors, only three were known to be associated to CIII defects in human pathology. Thus, leaving many of these cases unresolved. These first identified genes were MT-CYB, the only CIII subunit encoded in the mitochondrial DNA; BCS1L, encoding an assembly factor, and UQCRB, a nuclear-encoded structural subunit. Nowadays, thanks to the fast progress that has taken place in the last 3-4 years, pathological changes in seven more genes are known to be associated to these conditions. This review will focus on the strategies that have permitted the latest discovery of mutations in factors that are necessary for a correct CIII assembly and activity, in relation with their function. In addition, new data further establishing the molecular role of LYRM7/MZM1L as a chaperone involved in CIII biogenesis are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Medical Research Council Cambridge, UK
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75
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Ardissone A, Granata T, Legati A, Diodato D, Melchionda L, Lamantea E, Garavaglia B, Ghezzi D, Moroni I. Mitochondrial Complex III Deficiency Caused by TTC19 Defects: Report of a Novel Mutation and Review of Literature. JIMD Rep 2015; 22:115-20. [PMID: 25772319 PMCID: PMC4486273 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2015_419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We report about a patient with infantile-onset neurodegenerative disease associated with isolated mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III (cIII) deficiency. The boy, now 13 years old, presented with language regression and ataxia at 4 years of age and then showed a progressive course resulting in the loss of autonomous gait and speaking during the following 2 years. Brain MRI disclosed bilateral striatal necrosis. Sequencing of a panel containing nuclear genes associated with cIII deficiency revealed a previously undescribed homozygous rearrangement (c.782_786delinsGAAAAG) in TTC19 gene, which results in a frameshift with premature termination (p.Glu261Glyfs(*)8). TTC19 protein was absent in patient's fibroblasts. TTC19 encodes tetratricopeptide 19, a putative assembly factor for cIII. To date TTC19 mutations have been reported only in few cases, invariably associated with cIII deficiency, but presenting heterogeneous clinical phenotypes. We reviewed the genetic, biochemical, clinical and neuroradiological features of TTC19 mutant patients described to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ardissone
- Unit of Child Neurology, The Foundation "Carlo Besta" Neurological Institute (IRCCS), Via Celoria 11, 20133, Milan, Italy,
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76
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Turnbull DM, Rustin P. Genetic and biochemical intricacy shapes mitochondrial cytopathies. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 92:55-63. [PMID: 25684538 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The major progress made in the identification of the molecular bases of mitochondrial disease has revealed the huge diversity of their origin. Today up to 300 mutations were identified in the mitochondrial genome and about 200 nuclear genes are possibly mutated. In this review, we highlight a number of features specific to mitochondria which possibly participate in the complexity of these diseases. These features include both the complexity of mitochondrial genetics and the multiplicity of the roles ensured by the organelles in numerous aspects of cell life and death. This spectacular complexity presumably accounts for the present lack of an efficient therapy in the vast majority of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglass M Turnbull
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Framlington Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Pierre Rustin
- INSERM UMR 1141, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France; Université Paris 7, Faculté de Médecine Denis Diderot, Paris, France.
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77
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Kunii M, Doi H, Higashiyama Y, Kugimoto C, Ueda N, Hirata J, Tomita-Katsumoto A, Kashikura-Kojima M, Kubota S, Taniguchi M, Murayama K, Nakashima M, Tsurusaki Y, Miyake N, Saitsu H, Matsumoto N, Tanaka F. A Japanese case of cerebellar ataxia, spastic paraparesis and deep sensory impairment associated with a novel homozygous TTC19 mutation. J Hum Genet 2015; 60:187-91. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2015.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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78
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Torraco A, Peralta S, Iommarini L, Diaz F. Mitochondrial Diseases Part I: mouse models of OXPHOS deficiencies caused by defects in respiratory complex subunits or assembly factors. Mitochondrion 2015; 21:76-91. [PMID: 25660179 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders are the most common inborn errors of metabolism affecting the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS). Because of the poor knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms, a cure for these disorders is still unavailable and all the treatments currently in use are supportive more than curative. Therefore, in the past decade a great variety of mouse models have been developed to assess the in vivo function of several mitochondrial proteins involved in human diseases. Due to the genetic and physiological similarity to humans, mice represent reliable models to study the pathogenic mechanisms of mitochondrial disorders and are precious to test new therapeutic approaches. Here we summarize the features of several mouse models of mitochondrial diseases directly related to defects in subunits of the OXPHOS complexes or in assembly factors. We discuss how these models recapitulate many human conditions and how they have contributed to the understanding of mitochondrial function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Torraco
- Unit for Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo, 15-00146 Rome, Italy.
| | - Susana Peralta
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Luisa Iommarini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Francisca Diaz
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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79
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Melchionda L, Damseh NS, Abu Libdeh BY, Nasca A, Elpeleg O, Zanolini A, Ghezzi D. A novel mutation in TTC19 associated with isolated complex III deficiency, cerebellar hypoplasia, and bilateral basal ganglia lesions. Front Genet 2014; 5:397. [PMID: 25452764 PMCID: PMC4231952 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolated complex III (cIII) deficiency is a rare biochemical finding in mitochondrial disorders, mainly associated with mutations in mitochondrial DNA MTCYB gene, encoding cytochrome b, or in assembly factor genes (BCS1L, TTC19, UQCC2, and LYRM7), whereas mutations in nuclear genes encoding cIII structural subunits are extremely infrequent. We report here a patient, a 9 year old female born from first cousin related parents, with normal development till 18 months when she showed unsteady gait with frequent falling down, cognitive, and speech worsening. Her course deteriorated progressively. Brain MRI showed cerebellar vermis hypoplasia and bilateral lentiform nucleus high signal lesions. Now she is bed ridden with tetraparesis and severely impaired cognitive and language functions. Biochemical analysis revealed isolated cIII deficiency in muscle, and impaired respiration in fibroblasts. We identified a novel homozygous rearrangement in TTC19 (c.213_229dup), resulting in frameshift with creation of a premature termination codon (p.Gln77Argfs*30). Western blot analysis demonstrated the absence of TTC19 protein in patient's fibroblasts, while Blue-Native Gel Electrophoresis analysis revealed the presence of cIII-specific assembly intermediates. Mutations in TTC19 have been rarely associated with mitochondrial disease to date, being described in about ten patients with heterogeneous clinical presentations, ranging from early onset encephalomyopathy to adult forms with cerebellar ataxia. Contrariwise, the biochemical defect was a common hallmark in TTC19 mutant patients, confirming the importance of TTC19 in cIII assembly/stability. Therefore, we suggest extending the TTC19 mutational screening to all patients with cIII deficiency, independently from their phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Melchionda
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Foundation IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milan, Italy
| | - Nadirah S Damseh
- Genetic Unit, Al-Makassed Islamic Charitable Hospital Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Alessia Nasca
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Foundation IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milan, Italy
| | - Orly Elpeleg
- Monique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic Research, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alice Zanolini
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Foundation IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Ghezzi
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Foundation IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milan, Italy
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80
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Marín-Buera L, García-Bartolomé A, Morán M, López-Bernardo E, Cadenas S, Hidalgo B, Sánchez R, Seneca S, Arenas J, Martín MA, Ugalde C. Differential proteomic profiling unveils new molecular mechanisms associated with mitochondrial complex III deficiency. J Proteomics 2014; 113:38-56. [PMID: 25239759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We have analyzed the cellular pathways and metabolic adaptations that take place in primary skin fibroblasts from patients with mutations in BCS1L, a major genetic cause of mitochondrial complex III enzyme deficiency. Mutant fibroblasts exhibited low oxygen consumption rates and intracellular ATP levels, indicating that the main altered molecular event probably is a limited respiration-coupled ATP production through the OXPHOS system. Two-dimensional DIGE and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry analyses unambiguously identified 39 proteins whose expression was significantly altered in complex III-deficient fibroblasts. Extensive statistical and cluster analyses revealed a protein profile characteristic for the BCS1L mutant fibroblasts that included alterations in energy metabolism, cell signaling and gene expression regulation, cytoskeleton formation and maintenance, and intracellular stress responses. The physiological validation of the predicted functional adaptations of human cultured fibroblasts to complex III deficiency confirmed the up-regulation of glycolytic enzyme activities and the accumulation of branched-chain among other amino acids, suggesting the activation of anaerobic glycolysis and cellular catabolic states, in particular protein catabolism, together with autophagy as adaptive responses to mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction and ATP deficiency. Our data point to an overall metabolic and genetic reprogramming that could contribute to explain the clinical manifestations of complex III deficiency in patients. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Despite considerable knowledge about their genetic origins, the pathophysiological mechanisms that contribute to the clinical manifestations of mitochondrial disorders remain poorly understood. We have investigated the molecular pathways and metabolic adaptations that take place in primary skin fibroblasts from patients with mutations in the BCS1L gene, a primary cause of mitochondrial complex III enzyme deficiency. Two-dimensional DIGE together with MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry and physiological validation analyses revealed a significant metabolic and genetic reprogramming as an adaptive response to mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction. Our data provide information about specific protein targets that regulate the transmitochondrial functional responses to complex III deficiency, thereby opening new doors for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Marín-Buera
- Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid 28041, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), U723, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto García-Bartolomé
- Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid 28041, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), U723, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Morán
- Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid 28041, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), U723, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elia López-Bernardo
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM) and Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Cadenas
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM) and Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Hidalgo
- Servicio de Bioquímica, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid 28041, Spain
| | - Ricardo Sánchez
- Servicio de Bioquímica, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid 28041, Spain
| | - Sara Seneca
- Center of Medical Genetics, AZ-VUB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joaquín Arenas
- Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid 28041, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), U723, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Martín
- Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid 28041, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), U723, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Ugalde
- Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid 28041, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), U723, Madrid, Spain
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81
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Wanschers BF, Szklarczyk R, van den Brand MA, Jonckheere A, Suijskens J, Smeets R, Rodenburg RJ, Stephan K, Helland IB, Elkamil A, Rootwelt T, Ott M, van den Heuvel L, Nijtmans LG, Huynen MA. A mutation in the human CBP4 ortholog UQCC3 impairs complex III assembly, activity and cytochrome b stability. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:6356-65. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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82
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Genetics of mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiencies. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2014; 170:309-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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83
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Menezes MJ, Riley LG, Christodoulou J. Mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders in childhood: Insights into diagnosis and management in the new era of genomic medicine. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:1368-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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84
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Kasapkara ÇS, Tümer L, Ezgü FS, Küçükçongar A, Hasanoğlu A. BCS1L gene mutation causing GRACILE syndrome: case report. Ren Fail 2014; 36:953-4. [DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2014.900422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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85
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Davoudi M, Kallijärvi J, Marjavaara S, Kotarsky H, Hansson E, Levéen P, Fellman V. A mouse model of mitochondrial complex III dysfunction induced by myxothiazol. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 446:1079-84. [PMID: 24661880 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Myxothiazol is a respiratory chain complex III (CIII) inhibitor that binds to the ubiquinol oxidation site Qo of CIII. It blocks electron transfer from ubiquinol to cytochrome b and thus inhibits CIII activity. It has been utilized as a tool in studies of respiratory chain function in in vitro and cell culture models. We developed a mouse model of biochemically induced and reversible CIII inhibition using myxothiazol. We administered myxothiazol intraperitoneally at a dose of 0.56 mg/kg to C57Bl/J6 mice every 24 h and assessed CIII activity, histology, lipid content, supercomplex formation, and gene expression in the livers of the mice. A reversible CIII activity decrease to 50% of control value occurred at 2 h post-injection. At 74 h only minor histological changes in the liver were found, supercomplex formation was preserved and no significant changes in the expression of genes indicating hepatotoxicity or inflammation were found. Thus, myxothiazol-induced CIII inhibition can be induced in mice for four days in a row without overt hepatotoxicity or lethality. This model could be utilized in further studies of respiratory chain function and pharmacological approaches to mitochondrial hepatopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Davoudi
- Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Lund 22185, Sweden
| | - Jukka Kallijärvi
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Sanna Marjavaara
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Heike Kotarsky
- Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Lund 22185, Sweden
| | - Eva Hansson
- Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Lund 22185, Sweden
| | - Per Levéen
- Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Lund 22185, Sweden; Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Vineta Fellman
- Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Lund 22185, Sweden; Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, 00014, Finland; Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00029, Finland.
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86
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Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases can be related to mutations in either the nuclear or mitochondrial genome. Childhood presentations are commonly associated with renal tubular dysfunction, but renal involvement is less commonly reported outside of this age-group. Mitochondrial diseases are notable for the significant variability in their clinical presentation and the broad spectrum of genes implicated in their etiology. These features contribute to the challenges of establishing a definitive diagnosis and understanding the pathogenetic mechanisms leading to kidney involvement in these diseases. Here, we review the deoxyribonucleic acid variants in the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes that have been associated with a kidney phenotype, and examine some of the possible pathogenic mechanisms that may contribute to the expression of a renal phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F O'Toole
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, MetroHealth Medical System, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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87
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Siciliano G, Pasquali L, Mancuso M, Murri L. Molecular diagnostics and mitochondrial dysfunction: a future perspective. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 8:531-49. [DOI: 10.1586/14737159.8.4.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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88
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Sawamura R, Ogura T, Esaki M. A conserved α helix of Bcs1, a mitochondrial AAA chaperone, is required for the Respiratory Complex III maturation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 443:997-1002. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.12.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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89
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Tucker EJ, Wanschers BFJ, Szklarczyk R, Mountford HS, Wijeyeratne XW, van den Brand MAM, Leenders AM, Rodenburg RJ, Reljić B, Compton AG, Frazier AE, Bruno DL, Christodoulou J, Endo H, Ryan MT, Nijtmans LG, Huynen MA, Thorburn DR. Mutations in the UQCC1-interacting protein, UQCC2, cause human complex III deficiency associated with perturbed cytochrome b protein expression. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1004034. [PMID: 24385928 PMCID: PMC3873243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is responsible for generating the majority of cellular ATP. Complex III (ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase) is the third of five OXPHOS complexes. Complex III assembly relies on the coordinated expression of the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes, with 10 subunits encoded by nuclear DNA and one by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Complex III deficiency is a debilitating and often fatal disorder that can arise from mutations in complex III subunit genes or one of three known complex III assembly factors. The molecular cause for complex III deficiency in about half of cases, however, is unknown and there are likely many complex III assembly factors yet to be identified. Here, we used Massively Parallel Sequencing to identify a homozygous splicing mutation in the gene encoding Ubiquinol-Cytochrome c Reductase Complex Assembly Factor 2 (UQCC2) in a consanguineous Lebanese patient displaying complex III deficiency, severe intrauterine growth retardation, neonatal lactic acidosis and renal tubular dysfunction. We prove causality of the mutation via lentiviral correction studies in patient fibroblasts. Sequence-profile based orthology prediction shows UQCC2 is an ortholog of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae complex III assembly factor, Cbp6p, although its sequence has diverged substantially. Co-purification studies show that UQCC2 interacts with UQCC1, the predicted ortholog of the Cbp6p binding partner, Cbp3p. Fibroblasts from the patient with UQCC2 mutations have deficiency of UQCC1, while UQCC1-depleted cells have reduced levels of UQCC2 and complex III. We show that UQCC1 binds the newly synthesized mtDNA-encoded cytochrome b subunit of complex III and that UQCC2 patient fibroblasts have specific defects in the synthesis or stability of cytochrome b. This work reveals a new cause for complex III deficiency that can assist future patient diagnosis, and provides insight into human complex III assembly by establishing that UQCC1 and UQCC2 are complex III assembly factors participating in cytochrome b biogenesis. Mitochondrial complex III deficiency is a devastating disorder that impairs energy generation, and leads to variable symptoms such as developmental regression, seizures, kidney dysfunction and frequently death. The genetic basis of complex III deficiency is not fully understood, with around half of cases having no known cause. This lack of genetic diagnosis is partly due to an incomplete understanding of the genes required for complex III assembly and function. We have identified two key proteins required for complex III, UQCC1 and UQCC2, and have elucidated the role of these inter-dependent proteins in the biogenesis of cytochrome b, the only complex III subunit that is encoded by mitochondrial DNA. We have shown that mutations in UQCC2 cause human complex III deficiency in a patient with neonatal lactic acidosis and renal tubulopathy. This work contributes to an improved understanding of complex III biogenesis, and will aid future molecular diagnoses of complex III deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena J. Tucker
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bas F. J. Wanschers
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nijmegen Center for Mitochondrial Disorders, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Radek Szklarczyk
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hayley S. Mountford
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xiaonan W. Wijeyeratne
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mariël A. M. van den Brand
- Nijmegen Center for Mitochondrial Disorders, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne M. Leenders
- Nijmegen Center for Mitochondrial Disorders, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard J. Rodenburg
- Nijmegen Center for Mitochondrial Disorders, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Boris Reljić
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alison G. Compton
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ann E. Frazier
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Damien L. Bruno
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Christodoulou
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders Research Unit, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Disciplines of Paediatrics & Child Health and Genetic Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hitoshi Endo
- Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Michael T. Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-ray Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Leo G. Nijtmans
- Nijmegen Center for Mitochondrial Disorders, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn A. Huynen
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (MAH); (DRT)
| | - David R. Thorburn
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail: (MAH); (DRT)
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90
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Yanagishita T, Sugiura K, Kawamoto Y, Ito K, Marubashi Y, Taguchi N, Akiyama M, Watanabe D. A case of Björnstad syndrome caused by novel compound heterozygous mutations in the BCS1L gene. Br J Dermatol 2013; 170:970-3. [PMID: 24236502 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Yanagishita
- Department of Dermatology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
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91
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Lee WS, Sokol RJ. Mitochondrial hepatopathies: advances in genetics, therapeutic approaches, and outcomes. J Pediatr 2013; 163:942-8. [PMID: 23810725 PMCID: PMC3934633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Way Seah Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Malaya Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
- Pediatrics and Child Health Research Group, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Ronald J. Sokol
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and the Digestive Health Institute, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
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92
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Ostojić J, Panozzo C, Lasserre JP, Nouet C, Courtin F, Blancard C, di Rago JP, Dujardin G. The energetic state of mitochondria modulates complex III biogenesis through the ATP-dependent activity of Bcs1. Cell Metab 2013; 18:567-77. [PMID: 24055101 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2013.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of the mechanisms involved in mitochondrial biogenesis has continuously expanded during the last decades, yet little is known about how they are modulated to optimize the functioning of mitochondria. Here, we show that mutations in the ATP binding domain of Bcs1, a chaperone involved in the assembly of complex III, can be rescued by mutations that decrease the ATP hydrolytic activity of the ATP synthase. Our results reveal a Bcs1-mediated control loop in which the biogenesis of complex III is modulated by the energy-transducing activity of mitochondria. Although ATP is well known as a regulator of a number of cellular activities, we show here that ATP can be also used to modulate the biogenesis of an enzyme by controlling a specific chaperone involved in its assembly. Our study further highlights the intramitochondrial adenine nucleotide pool as a potential target for the treatment of Bcs1-based disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Ostojić
- Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, Université Paris-Sud, avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
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93
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Ezgu F, Senaca S, Gunduz M, Tumer L, Hasanoglu A, Tiras U, Unsal R, Bakkaloglu SA. Severe renal tubulopathy in a newborn due to BCS1L gene mutation: Effects of different treatment modalities on the clinical course. Gene 2013; 528:364-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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94
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Al-Owain M, Colak D, Albakheet A, Al-Younes B, Al-Humaidi Z, Al-Sayed M, Al-Hindi H, Al-Sugair A, Al-Muhaideb A, Rahbeeni Z, Al-Sehli A, Al-Fadhli F, Ozand PT, Taylor RW, Kaya N. Clinical and biochemical features associated with BCS1L mutation. J Inherit Metab Dis 2013; 36:813-20. [PMID: 22991165 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-012-9536-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 08/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Our study describes a novel phenotype in a series of nine Saudi patients with lactic acidosis, from four consanguineous families three of which are related. Detailed genetic studies including linkage, homozygosity mapping and targeted sequencing identified a causative mutation in the BCS1L gene. All affected members of the families have an identical mutation in this gene, mutations of which are recognized causes of Björnstad syndrome, GRACILE syndrome and a syndrome of neonatal tubulopathy, encephalopathy, and liver failure (MIM 606104) leading to isolated mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III deficiency. Here we report the appearance of a novel behavioral (five patients) and psychiatric (two patients) phenotype associated with a p.Gly129Arg BCS1L mutation, differing from the phenotype in a previously reported singleton patient with this mutation. The psychiatric symptoms emanated after childhood, initially as hypomania later evolving into intermittent psychosis. Neuroradiological findings included subtle white matter abnormalities, whilst muscle histopathology and respiratory chain studies confirmed respiratory chain dysfunction. The variable neuro-psychiatric manifestations and cortical visual dysfunction are most unusual and not reported associated with other BCS1L mutations. This report emphasizes the clinical heterogeneity associated with the mutation in BCS1L gene, even within the same family and we recommend that defects in this gene should be considered in the differential diagnosis of lactic acidosis with variable involvement of different organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Owain
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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95
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Mutations in CYC1, encoding cytochrome c1 subunit of respiratory chain complex III, cause insulin-responsive hyperglycemia. Am J Hum Genet 2013; 93:384-9. [PMID: 23910460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Many individuals with abnormalities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III remain genetically undefined. Here, we report mutations (c.288G>T [p.Trp96Cys] and c.643C>T [p.Leu215Phe]) in CYC1, encoding the cytochrome c1 subunit of complex III, in two unrelated children presenting with recurrent episodes of ketoacidosis and insulin-responsive hyperglycemia. Cytochrome c1, the heme-containing component of complex III, mediates the transfer of electrons from the Rieske iron-sulfur protein to cytochrome c. Cytochrome c1 is present at reduced levels in the skeletal muscle and skin fibroblasts of affected individuals. Moreover, studies on yeast mutants and affected individuals' fibroblasts have shown that exogenous expression of wild-type CYC1 rescues complex III activity, demonstrating the deleterious effect of each mutation on cytochrome c1 stability and complex III activity.
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96
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Forbes JM, Ke BX, Nguyen TV, Henstridge DC, Penfold SA, Laskowski A, Sourris KC, Groschner LN, Cooper ME, Thorburn DR, Coughlan MT. Deficiency in mitochondrial complex I activity due to Ndufs6 gene trap insertion induces renal disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:331-43. [PMID: 23320803 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Defects in the activity of enzyme complexes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain are thought to be responsible for several disorders, including renal impairment. Gene mutations that result in complex I deficiency are the most common oxidative phosphorylation disorders in humans. To determine whether an abnormality in mitochondrial complex I per se is associated with development of renal disease, mice with a knockdown of the complex I gene, Ndufs6 were studied. RESULTS Ndufs6 mice had a partial renal cortical complex I deficiency; Ndufs6gt/gt, 32% activity and Ndufs6gt/+, 83% activity compared with wild-type mice. Both Ndufs6gt/+ and Ndufs6gt/gt mice exhibited hallmarks of renal disease, including albuminuria, urinary excretion of kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1), renal fibrosis, and changes in glomerular volume, with decreased capacity to generate mitochondrial ATP and superoxide from substrates oxidized via complex I. However, more advanced renal defects in Ndufs6gt/gt mice were observed in the context of a disruption in the inner mitochondrial electrochemical potential, 3-nitrotyrosine-modified mitochondrial proteins, increased urinary excretion of 15-isoprostane F2t, and up-regulation of antioxidant defence. Juvenile Ndufs6gt/gt mice also exhibited signs of early renal impairment with increased urinary Kim-1 excretion and elevated circulating cystatin C. INNOVATION We have identified renal impairment in a mouse model of partial complex I deficiency, suggesting that even modest deficits in mitochondrial respiratory chain function may act as risk factors for chronic kidney disease. CONCLUSION These studies identify for the first time that complex I deficiency as the result of interruption of Ndufs6 is an independent cause of renal impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine M Forbes
- Glycation, Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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97
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Rahman S. Gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations of mitochondrial disorders. J Inherit Metab Dis 2013; 36:659-73. [PMID: 23674168 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-013-9614-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inherited defects of oxidative phosphorylation lead to heterogeneous, often multisystem, mitochondrial diseases. This review highlights those mitochondrial syndromes with prominent gastrointestinal and hepatic symptoms, categorised according to underlying disease mechanism. Mitochondrial encephalopathies with major gastrointestinal involvement include mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy and ethylmalonic encephalopathy, which are each associated with highly specific clinical and metabolic profiles. Mitochondrial hepatopathies are most frequently caused by defects of mitochondrial DNA maintenance and expression. Although mitochondrial disorders are notorious for extreme clinical, biochemical and genetic heterogeneity, there are some pathognomonic clinical and metabolic clues that suggest a specific diagnosis, and these are highlighted. An approach to diagnosis of these complex disorders is presented, together with a genetic classification, including mitochondrial DNA disorders and nuclear-encoded defects of mitochondrial DNA maintenance and translation, OXPHOS complex assembly and mitochondrial membrane lipids. Finally, supportive and experimental therapeutic options for these currently incurable diseases are reviewed, including liver transplantation, allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamima Rahman
- Mitochondrial Research Group, Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.
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98
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the last 10 years the field of mitochondrial genetics has widened, shifting the focus from rare sporadic, metabolic disease to the effects of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in a growing spectrum of human disease. The aim of this review is to guide the reader through some key concepts regarding mitochondria before introducing both classic and emerging mitochondrial disorders. SOURCES OF DATA In this article, a review of the current mitochondrial genetics literature was conducted using PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/). In addition, this review makes use of a growing number of publically available databases including MITOMAP, a human mitochondrial genome database (www.mitomap.org), the Human DNA polymerase Gamma Mutation Database (http://tools.niehs.nih.gov/polg/) and PhyloTree.org (www.phylotree.org), a repository of global mtDNA variation. AREAS OF AGREEMENT The disruption in cellular energy, resulting from defects in mtDNA or defects in the nuclear-encoded genes responsible for mitochondrial maintenance, manifests in a growing number of human diseases. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY The exact mechanisms which govern the inheritance of mtDNA are hotly debated. GROWING POINTS Although still in the early stages, the development of in vitro genetic manipulation could see an end to the inheritance of the most severe mtDNA disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gavin Hudson
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
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99
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Abstract
Primary mitochondrial disorders are clinically and genetically heterogeneous, caused by an alteration(s) in either mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA, and affect the respiratory chain's ability to undergo oxidative phosphorylation, leading to decreased production of adenosine triphosphophate and subsequent energy failure. These disorders may present at any age, but children tend to have an acute onset of disease compared with subacute or slowly progressive presentation in adults. Varying organ involvement also contributes to the phenotypic spectrum seen in these disorders. The childhood presentation of primary mitochondrial disease is mainly due to nuclear DNA mutations, with mitochondrial DNA mutations being less frequent in childhood and more prominent in adulthood disease. The clinician should be aware of the pediatric presentation of mitochondrial disease and have an understanding of the myriad of nuclear genes responsible for these disorders. The nuclear genes can be best understood by utilizing a classification system of location and function within the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Goldstein
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
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100
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Miyake N, Yano S, Sakai C, Hatakeyama H, Matsushima Y, Shiina M, Watanabe Y, Bartley J, Abdenur JE, Wang RY, Chang R, Tsurusaki Y, Doi H, Nakashima M, Saitsu H, Ogata K, Goto YI, Matsumoto N. Mitochondrial Complex III Deficiency Caused by a HomozygousUQCRC2Mutation Presenting with Neonatal-Onset Recurrent Metabolic Decompensation. Hum Mutat 2013; 34:446-52. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.22257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics; Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine; Yokohama; Japan
| | - Shoji Yano
- Genetics Division, Department of Pediatrics, LAC + USC Medical Center, Keck School of Medicine; University of Southern California; Los Angeles; California
| | - Chika Sakai
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research; National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Kodaira; Tokyo; Japan
| | - Hideyuki Hatakeyama
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research; National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Kodaira; Tokyo; Japan
| | - Yuichi Matsushima
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research; National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Kodaira; Tokyo; Japan
| | - Masaaki Shiina
- Department of Biochemistry; Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine; Yokohama; Japan
| | - Yoriko Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health; Kurume University School of Medicine; Kurume; Japan
| | - James Bartley
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics; Children's Hospital Los Angeles; Los Angeles; California
| | - Jose E. Abdenur
- Division of Metabolic Disorders; CHOC Children's; Orange; California
| | - Raymond Y. Wang
- Division of Metabolic Disorders; CHOC Children's; Orange; California
| | - Richard Chang
- Division of Metabolic Disorders; CHOC Children's; Orange; California
| | - Yoshinori Tsurusaki
- Department of Human Genetics; Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine; Yokohama; Japan
| | - Hiroshi Doi
- Department of Human Genetics; Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine; Yokohama; Japan
| | - Mitsuko Nakashima
- Department of Human Genetics; Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine; Yokohama; Japan
| | - Hirotomo Saitsu
- Department of Human Genetics; Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine; Yokohama; Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ogata
- Department of Biochemistry; Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine; Yokohama; Japan
| | - Yu-ichi Goto
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research; National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Kodaira; Tokyo; Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics; Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine; Yokohama; Japan
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