51
|
Roversi FM, Cury NM, Lopes MR, Ferro KP, Machado-Neto JA, Alvarez MC, Dos Santos GP, Giardini Rosa R, Longhini AL, Duarte ADSS, Pericole FV, Favaro P, Yunes JA, Saad STO. Up-regulation of SPINT2/HAI-2 by Azacytidine in bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells affects leukemic stem cell survival and adhesion. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:1562-1571. [PMID: 30484958 PMCID: PMC6349149 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of tumour microenvironment in neoplasm initiation and malignant evolution has been increasingly recognized. However, the bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell (BMMSC) contribution to disease progression remains poorly explored. We previously reported that the expression of serine protease inhibitor kunitz‐type2 (SPINT2/HAI‐2), an inhibitor of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) activation, is significantly lower in BMMSC from myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) patients compared to healthy donors (HD). Thus, to investigate whether this loss of expression was due to SPINT2/HAI‐2 methylation, BMMSC from MDS and de novo acute myeloid leukaemia (de novo AML) patients were treated with 5‐Azacitidine (Aza), a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor. In MDS‐ and de novo AML‐BMMSC, Aza treatment resulted in a pronounced SPINT2/HAI‐2 levels up‐regulation. Moreover, Aza treatment of HD‐BMMSC did not improve SPINT2/HAI‐2 levels. To understand the role of SPINT2/HAI‐2 down‐regulation in BMMSC physiology, SPINT2/HAI‐2 expression was inhibited by lentivirus. SPINT2 underexpression resulted in an increased production of HGF by HS‐5 stromal cells and improved survival of CD34+ de novo AML cells. We also observed an increased adhesion of de novo AML hematopoietic cells to SPINT2/HAI‐2 silenced cells. Interestingly, BMMSC isolated from MDS and de novo AML patients had increased expression of the integrins CD49b, CD49d, and CD49e. Thus, SPINT2/HAI‐2 may contribute to functional and morphological abnormalities of the microenvironment niche and to stem/progenitor cancer cell progression. Hence, down‐regulation in SPINT2/HAI‐2 gene expression, due to methylation in MDS‐BMMSC and de novo AML‐BMMSC, provides novel insights into the pathogenic role of the leukemic bone marrow microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Marconi Roversi
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Moreno Cury
- Centro Infantil de Investigações Hematológicas Dr. Domingos A. Boldrini, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus Rodrigues Lopes
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karla Priscila Ferro
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Agostinho Machado-Neto
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marisa Claudia Alvarez
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Pereira Dos Santos
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Giardini Rosa
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Leda Longhini
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Vieira Pericole
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Favaro
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Andres Yunes
- Centro Infantil de Investigações Hematológicas Dr. Domingos A. Boldrini, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sara Teresinha Olalla Saad
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Rashed WM. C-MET as a potential target therapy toward personalized therapy in some pediatric tumors: An overview. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 131:7-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
|
53
|
Liu Z, Cai Y, Yang Y, Li A, Bi R, Wang L, Shen X, Wang W, Jia Y, Yu B, Cao B, Cui W, Wei P, Zhou X. Activation of MET signaling by HDAC6 offers a rationale for a novel ricolinostat and crizotinib combinatorial therapeutic strategy in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. J Pathol 2018; 246:141-153. [DOI: 10.1002/path.5108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zebing Liu
- Department of Pathology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Shanghai PR China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University; Shanghai PR China
- Department of Pathology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai PR China
| | - Ying Cai
- Department of Pathology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Shanghai PR China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University; Shanghai PR China
- Department of Pathology; Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University; Wuxi Jiangsu PR China
| | - Yu Yang
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center; Fudan University; Shanghai PR China
| | - Anqi Li
- Department of Pathology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Shanghai PR China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University; Shanghai PR China
| | - Rui Bi
- Department of Pathology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Shanghai PR China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University; Shanghai PR China
| | - Lisha Wang
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology; University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Xiaohan Shen
- Department of Pathology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Shanghai PR China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University; Shanghai PR China
| | - Weige Wang
- Department of Pathology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Shanghai PR China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University; Shanghai PR China
| | - Yijun Jia
- Department of Pathology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Shanghai PR China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University; Shanghai PR China
| | - Baohua Yu
- Department of Pathology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Shanghai PR China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University; Shanghai PR China
| | - Bing Cao
- Department of Pathology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Shanghai PR China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University; Shanghai PR China
| | - Wenli Cui
- Department of Pathology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Shanghai PR China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University; Shanghai PR China
| | - Ping Wei
- Department of Pathology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Shanghai PR China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University; Shanghai PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Department of Pathology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Shanghai PR China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University; Shanghai PR China
- Institute of Pathology; Fudan University; Shanghai PR China
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Mesuraca M, Amodio N, Chiarella E, Scicchitano S, Aloisio A, Codispoti B, Lucchino V, Montalcini Y, Bond HM, Morrone G. Turning Stem Cells Bad: Generation of Clinically Relevant Models of Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia through Gene Delivery- or Genome Editing-Based Approaches. Molecules 2018; 23:E2060. [PMID: 30126100 PMCID: PMC6222541 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23082060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the most common acute leukemia in the adult, is believed to arise as a consequence of multiple molecular events that confer on primitive hematopoietic progenitors unlimited self-renewal potential and cause defective differentiation. A number of genetic aberrations, among which a variety of gene fusions, have been implicated in the development of a transformed phenotype through the generation of dysfunctional molecules that disrupt key regulatory mechanisms controlling survival, proliferation, and differentiation in normal stem and progenitor cells. Such genetic aberrations can be recreated experimentally to a large extent, to render normal hematopoietic stem cells "bad", analogous to the leukemic stem cells. Here, we wish to provide a brief outline of the complementary experimental approaches, largely based on gene delivery and more recently on gene editing, employed over the last two decades to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying AML development and progression and on the prospects that their applications offer for the discovery and validation of innovative therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mesuraca
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Laboratory of Medical Oncology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Chiarella
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Stefania Scicchitano
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Aloisio
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Bruna Codispoti
- Tecnologica Research Institute-Marrelli Hospital, 88900 Crotone, Italy.
| | - Valeria Lucchino
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Ylenia Montalcini
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Heather M Bond
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Morrone
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Henssen AG, Reed C, Jiang E, Garcia HD, von Stebut J, MacArthur IC, Hundsdoerfer P, Kim JH, de Stanchina E, Kuwahara Y, Hosoi H, Ganem NJ, Dela Cruz F, Kung AL, Schulte JH, Petrini JH, Kentsis A. Therapeutic targeting of PGBD5-induced DNA repair dependency in pediatric solid tumors. Sci Transl Med 2018; 9:9/414/eaam9078. [PMID: 29093183 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aam9078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite intense efforts, the cure rates of childhood and adult solid tumors are not satisfactory. Resistance to intensive chemotherapy is common, and targets for molecular therapies are largely undefined. We have found that the majority of childhood solid tumors, including rhabdoid tumors, neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, and Ewing sarcoma, express an active DNA transposase, PGBD5, that can promote site-specific genomic rearrangements in human cells. Using functional genetic approaches, we discovered that mouse and human cells deficient in nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA repair cannot tolerate the expression of PGBD5. In a chemical screen of DNA damage signaling inhibitors, we identified AZD6738 as a specific sensitizer of PGBD5-dependent DNA damage and apoptosis. We found that expression of PGBD5, but not its nuclease activity-deficient mutant, was sufficient to induce sensitivity to AZD6738. Depletion of endogenous PGBD5 conferred resistance to AZD6738 in human tumor cells. PGBD5-expressing tumor cells accumulated unrepaired DNA damage in response to AZD6738 treatment and underwent apoptosis in both dividing and G1-phase cells in the absence of immediate DNA replication stress. Accordingly, AZD6738 exhibited nanomolar potency against most neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, Ewing sarcoma, and rhabdoid tumor cells tested while sparing nontransformed human and mouse embryonic fibroblasts in vitro. Finally, treatment with AZD6738 induced apoptosis and regression of human neuroblastoma and medulloblastoma tumors engrafted in immunodeficient mice in vivo. This effect was potentiated by combined treatment with cisplatin, including substantial antitumor activity against patient-derived primary neuroblastoma xenografts. These findings delineate a therapeutically actionable synthetic dependency induced in PGBD5-expressing solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton G Henssen
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Casie Reed
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Eileen Jiang
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Heathcliff Dorado Garcia
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jennifer von Stebut
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ian C MacArthur
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Patrick Hundsdoerfer
- Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jun Hyun Kim
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yasumichi Kuwahara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hajime Hosoi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Neil J Ganem
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Pharmacology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Filemon Dela Cruz
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Andrew L Kung
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Johannes H Schulte
- Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John H Petrini
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alex Kentsis
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Comoglio PM, Trusolino L, Boccaccio C. Known and novel roles of the MET oncogene in cancer: a coherent approach to targeted therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2018; 18:341-358. [PMID: 29674709 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-018-0002-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The MET oncogene encodes an unconventional receptor tyrosine kinase with pleiotropic functions: it initiates and sustains neoplastic transformation when genetically altered ('oncogene addiction') and fosters cancer cell survival and tumour dissemination when transcriptionally activated in the context of an adaptive response to adverse microenvironmental conditions ('oncogene expedience'). Moreover, MET is an intrinsic modulator of the self-renewal and clonogenic ability of cancer stem cells ('oncogene inherence'). Here, we provide the latest findings on MET function in cancer by focusing on newly identified genetic abnormalities in tumour cells and recently described non-mutational MET activities in stromal cells and cancer stem cells. We discuss how MET drives cancer clonal evolution and progression towards metastasis, both ab initio and under therapeutic pressure. We then elaborate on the use of MET inhibitors in the clinic with a critical appraisal of failures and successes. Ultimately, we advocate a rationale to improve the outcome of anti-MET therapies on the basis of thorough consideration of the entire spectrum of MET-mediated biological responses, which implicates adequate patient stratification, meaningful biomarkers and appropriate clinical end points.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo M Comoglio
- Exploratory Research and Molecular Cancer Therapy, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.
| | - Livio Trusolino
- Translational Cancer Medicine, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Carla Boccaccio
- Cancer Stem Cell Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Kim JH, Kim HS, Kim BJ. Prognostic value of MET copy number gain in non-small-cell lung cancer: an updated meta-analysis. J Cancer 2018; 9:1836-1845. [PMID: 29805710 PMCID: PMC5968772 DOI: 10.7150/jca.24980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The alterations of MET have been detected in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the prognostic impact of MET gene copy number gain (CNG) has not been consistent among studies. We performed this meta-analysis to evaluate the prognostic value of high MET CNG in patients with NSCLC. A systematic computerized search of the electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Google scholar, and Cochrane Library (up to November 2017) was carried out. From twenty-one studies, 7,647 patients were included in the pooled analysis of hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for disease-free survival or overall survival. Compared with patients with NSCLC showing low MET CNG, those with tumors harboring high MET CNG showed significantly worse survival (HR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.16-1.80, p = 0.001). Subgroup analyses showed that high MET CNG significantly correlated with a poor prognosis especially in patients with adenocarcinoma (HR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.11-1.79, p = 0.005) and Asian populations (HR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.32-1.88, p < 0.00001). In conclusion, this meta-analysis indicates that high MET CNG is an adverse prognostic factor in patients with NSCLC. Subgroup analyses suggest that high MET CNG is associated with a worse prognosis, especially in patients with adenocarcinoma and Asian populations. However, large prospective studies using standardized methods based on the homogeneous populations are warranted to validate the prognostic value of MET amplification in patients with NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Han Kim
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred-Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Su Kim
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred-Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Jun Kim
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred-Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Army Capital Hospital, The Armed Forces Medical Command, Sungnam, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Brown FC, Still E, Koche RP, Yim CY, Takao S, Cifani P, Reed C, Gunasekera S, Ficarro SB, Romanienko P, Mark W, McCarthy C, de Stanchina E, Gonen M, Seshan V, Bhola P, O'Donnell C, Spitzer B, Stutzke C, Lavallée VP, Hébert J, Krivtsov AV, Melnick A, Paietta EM, Tallman MS, Letai A, Sauvageau G, Pouliot G, Levine R, Marto JA, Armstrong SA, Kentsis A. MEF2C Phosphorylation Is Required for Chemotherapy Resistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancer Discov 2018; 8:478-497. [PMID: 29431698 PMCID: PMC5882571 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-1271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chemotherapy resistance remains prevalent and poorly understood. Using functional proteomics of patient AML specimens, we identified MEF2C S222 phosphorylation as a specific marker of primary chemoresistance. We found that Mef2cS222A/S222A knock-in mutant mice engineered to block MEF2C phosphorylation exhibited normal hematopoiesis, but were resistant to leukemogenesis induced by MLL-AF9 MEF2C phosphorylation was required for leukemia stem cell maintenance and induced by MARK kinases in cells. Treatment with the selective MARK/SIK inhibitor MRT199665 caused apoptosis and conferred chemosensitivity in MEF2C-activated human AML cell lines and primary patient specimens, but not those lacking MEF2C phosphorylation. These findings identify kinase-dependent dysregulation of transcription factor control as a determinant of therapy response in AML, with immediate potential for improved diagnosis and therapy for this disease.Significance: Functional proteomics identifies phosphorylation of MEF2C in the majority of primary chemotherapy-resistant AML. Kinase-dependent dysregulation of this transcription factor confers susceptibility to MARK/SIK kinase inhibition in preclinical models, substantiating its clinical investigation for improved diagnosis and therapy of AML. Cancer Discov; 8(4); 478-97. ©2018 AACR.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 371.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Cell Line
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- MEF2 Transcription Factors/chemistry
- MEF2 Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Proteomics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona C Brown
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Eric Still
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Richard P Koche
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Christina Y Yim
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sumiko Takao
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Paolo Cifani
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Casie Reed
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Shehana Gunasekera
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Scott B Ficarro
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter Romanienko
- Mouse Genetics Core Facility, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Willie Mark
- Mouse Genetics Core Facility, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Craig McCarthy
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mithat Gonen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Venkatraman Seshan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Patrick Bhola
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Conor O'Donnell
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Barbara Spitzer
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Vincent-Philippe Lavallée
- The Leucegene Project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Josée Hébert
- The Leucegene Project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Quebec Leukemia Cell Bank, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrei V Krivtsov
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ari Melnick
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pharmacology, and Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Elisabeth M Paietta
- Montefiore Medical Center-North Division, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York
| | - Martin S Tallman
- Department of Medicine, Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Anthony Letai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Guy Sauvageau
- The Leucegene Project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Quebec Leukemia Cell Bank, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gayle Pouliot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ross Levine
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Jarrod A Marto
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Scott A Armstrong
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alex Kentsis
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pharmacology, and Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
RET-mediated autophagy suppression as targetable co-dependence in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2018; 32:2189-2202. [PMID: 29654265 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0102-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Many cases of AML are associated with mutational activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) such as FLT3. However, RTK inhibitors have limited clinical efficacy as single agents, indicating that AML is driven by concomitant activation of different signaling molecules. We used a functional genomic approach to identify RET, encoding an RTK, as an essential gene in multiple subtypes of AML, and observed that AML cells show activation of RET signaling via ARTN/GFRA3 and NRTN/GFRA2 ligand/co-receptor complexes. Interrogation of downstream pathways identified mTORC1-mediated suppression of autophagy and subsequent stabilization of leukemogenic drivers such as mutant FLT3 as important RET effectors. Accordingly, genetic or pharmacologic RET inhibition impaired the growth of FLT3-dependent AML cell lines and was accompanied by upregulation of autophagy and FLT3 depletion. RET dependence was also evident in mouse models of AML and primary AML patient samples, and transcriptome and immunohistochemistry analyses identified elevated RET mRNA levels and co-expression of RET and FLT3 proteins in a substantial proportion of AML patients. Our results indicate that RET-mTORC1 signaling promotes AML through autophagy suppression, suggesting that targeting RET or, more broadly, depletion of leukemogenic drivers via autophagy induction provides a therapeutic opportunity in a relevant subset of AML patients.
Collapse
|
60
|
Andriani F, Majorini MT, Mano M, Landoni E, Miceli R, Facchinetti F, Mensah M, Fontanella E, Dugo M, Giacca M, Pastorino U, Sozzi G, Delia D, Roz L, Lecis D. MiR-16 regulates the pro-tumorigenic potential of lung fibroblasts through the inhibition of HGF production in an FGFR-1- and MEK1-dependent manner. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:45. [PMID: 29558956 PMCID: PMC5861674 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0594-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fibroblasts are crucial mediators of tumor-stroma cross-talk through synthesis and remodeling of the extracellular matrix and production of multiple soluble factors. Nonetheless, little is still known about specific determinants of fibroblast pro-tumorigenic activity in lung cancer. Here, we aimed at understanding the role of miRNAs, which are often altered in stromal cells, in reprogramming fibroblasts towards a tumor-supporting phenotype. Methods We employed a co-culture-based high-throughput screening to identify specific miRNAs modulating the pro-tumorigenic potential of lung fibroblasts. Multiplex assays and ELISA were instrumental to study the effect of miRNAs on the secretome of both primary and immortalized lung fibroblasts from lung cancer patients and to evaluate plasmatic levels of HGF in heavy smokers. Direct mRNA targeting by miRNAs was investigated through dual-luciferase reporter assay and western blot. Finally, the pro-tumorigenic activity of fibroblasts and their conditioned media was tested by employing in vitro migration experiments and mouse xenografts. Results We identified miR-16 as a master regulator of fibroblast secretome and showed that its upregulation reduces HGF secretion by fibroblasts, impairing their capacity to promote cancer cell migration. This effect is due to a pleiotropic activity of miR-16 which prevents HGF expression through direct inhibition of FGFR-1 signaling and targeting of HGF mRNA. Mechanistically, miR-16 targets FGFR-1 downstream mediator MEK1, thus reducing ERK1/2 activation. Consistently, chemical or genetic inhibition of FGFR-1 mimics miR-16 activity and prevents HGF production. Of note, we report that primary fibroblast cell lines derived from lungs of heavy smokers express reduced miR-16 levels compared to those from lungs not exposed to smoke and that HGF concentration in heavy smokers’ plasma correlates with levels of tobacco exposure. Finally, in vivo experiments confirmed that restoration of miR-16 expression in fibroblasts reduced their ability to promote tumor growth and that HGF plays a central role in the pro-tumorigenic activity of fibroblasts. Conclusions Overall, these results uncover a central role for miR-16 in regulating HGF production by lung fibroblasts, thus affecting their pro-tumorigenic potential. Correlation between smoking exposure and miR-16 levels could provide novel clues regarding the formation of a tumor-proficient milieu during the early phases of lung cancer development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13045-018-0594-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Andriani
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Majorini
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Cycle Control Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Miguel Mano
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy.,Present Address: Functional Genomics and RNA-based Therapeutics laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3060-197, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elena Landoni
- Unit of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosalba Miceli
- Unit of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Facchinetti
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Mavis Mensah
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Fontanella
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Cycle Control Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Dugo
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacca
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Ugo Pastorino
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Sozzi
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Delia
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Cycle Control Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Roz
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
| | - Daniele Lecis
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Cycle Control Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy. .,Present Address: Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Pollmann SE, Calvert VS, Rao S, Boca SM, Madhavan S, Horak ID, Kjaer A, Petricoin EF, Kragh M, Poulsen TT. Acquired Resistance to a MET Antibody In Vivo Can Be Overcome by the MET Antibody Mixture Sym015. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:1259-1270. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
62
|
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) play an important role in a variety of cellular processes including growth, motility, differentiation, and metabolism. As such, dysregulation of RTK signaling leads to an assortment of human diseases, most notably, cancers. Recent large-scale genomic studies have revealed the presence of various alterations in the genes encoding RTKs such as EGFR, HER2/ErbB2, and MET, amongst many others. Abnormal RTK activation in human cancers is mediated by four principal mechanisms: gain-of-function mutations, genomic amplification, chromosomal rearrangements, and / or autocrine activation. In this manuscript, we review the processes whereby RTKs are activated under normal physiological conditions and discuss several mechanisms whereby RTKs can be aberrantly activated in human cancers. Understanding of these mechanisms has important implications for selection of anti-cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfang Du
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Christine M Lovly
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Owusu BY, Bansal N, Venukadasula PKM, Ross LJ, Messick TE, Goel S, Galemmo RA, Klampfer L. Inhibition of pro-HGF activation by SRI31215, a novel approach to block oncogenic HGF/MET signaling. Oncotarget 2017; 7:29492-506. [PMID: 27121052 PMCID: PMC5045412 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The binding of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) to its receptor MET activates a signaling cascade that promotes cell survival, proliferation, cell scattering, migration and invasion of malignant cells. HGF is secreted by cancer cells or by tumor-associated fibroblasts as pro-HGF, an inactive precursor. A key step in the regulation of HGF/MET signaling is proteolytic processing of pro-HGF to its active form by one of the three serine proteases, matriptase, hepsin or HGF activator (HGFA).We developed SRI 31215, a small molecule that acts as a triplex inhibitor of matriptase, hepsin and HGFA and mimics the activity of HAI-1/2, endogenous inhibitors of HGF activation. We demonstrated that SRI 31215 inhibits fibroblast-induced MET activation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and migration of cancer cells. SRI 31215 overcomes primary resistance to cetuximab and gefitinib in HGF-producing colon cancer cells and prevents fibroblast-mediated resistance to EGFR inhibitors. Thus, SRI 31215 blocks signaling between cancer cells and fibroblasts and inhibits the tumor-promoting activity of cancer-associated fibroblasts.Aberrant HGF/MET signaling supports cell survival, proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion and metastatic spread of cancer cells, establishing HGF and MET as valid therapeutic targets. Our data demonstrate that inhibitors of HGF activation, such as SRI 31215, merit investigation as potential therapeutics in tumors that are addicted to HGF/MET signaling. The findings reported here also indicate that inhibitors of HGF activation overcome primary and acquired resistance to anti-EGFR therapy, providing a rationale for concurrent inhibition of EGFR and HGF to prevent therapeutic resistance and to improve the outcome of cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Y Owusu
- Department of Oncology, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Namita Bansal
- Department of Chemistry, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Larry J Ross
- High Throughput Screening, Southern Research, Drug Discovery Division, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Troy E Messick
- The Wistar Institute, Southern Research, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sanjay Goel
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Southern Research, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Robert A Galemmo
- Department of Chemistry, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lidija Klampfer
- Department of Oncology, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Kim JH, Kim BJ, Kim HS. Clinicopathological impacts of high c-Met expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis and review. Oncotarget 2017; 8:113120-113128. [PMID: 29348891 PMCID: PMC5762576 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High c-Met expression has been observed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, its clinicopathological impact remains controversial. We performed this meta-analysis to evaluate the pathologic and prognostic impacts of c-Met overexpression in patients with HNSCC. A systematic computerized search of the electronic databases was carried out. From 16 studies, 1,948 patients with HNSCC were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with HNSCCs showing low c-Met expression, tumors with high c-Met expression were significantly associated with higher rate of lymph node metastasis (odds ratio = 3.26, 95% CI: 2.27–4.69, P < 0.00001) and higher T stage (odds ratio = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.03–1.71, P = 0.03). In addition, patients with c-Met-high HNSCC showed significantly worse disease-free survival (hazard ratio = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.04–2.14, P = 0.03) and overall survival (hazard ratio = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.29–2.60, P = 0.0007) than those with c-Met-low tumor. In conclusion, this meta-analysis demonstrates that high c-Met expression is significantly associated with worse pathological features and prognosis, indicating c-Met overexpression is an adverse prognostic marker for patients with HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Han Kim
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred-Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Jun Kim
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred-Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Army Capital Hospital, The Armed Forces Medical Command, Sungnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Su Kim
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred-Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Tumor Inhibitory Effect of IRCR201, a Novel Cross-Reactive c-Met Antibody Targeting the PSI Domain. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091968. [PMID: 28902178 PMCID: PMC5618617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR, c-Met) is an essential member of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family that is often dysregulated during tumor progression, driving a malignant phenotypic state and modulating important cellular functions including tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis, providing a strong rationale for targeting HGF/c-Met signaling axis in cancer therapy. Based on its protumorigenic potentials, we developed IRCR201, a potent antagonistic antibody targeting the plexin-semaphorin-integrin (PSI) domain of c-Met, using synthetic human antibody phage libraries. We characterized and evaluated the biochemical properties and tumor inhibitory effect of IRCR201 in vitro and in vivo. IRCR201 is a novel fully-human bivalent therapeutic antibody that exhibits cross-reactivity against both human and mouse c-Met proteins with high affinity and specificity. IRCR201 displayed low agonist activity and rapidly depleted total c-Met protein via the lysosomal degradation pathway, inhibiting c-Met-dependent downstream activation and attenuating cellular proliferation in various c-Met-expressing cancer cells. In vivo tumor xenograft models also demonstrated the superior tumor inhibitory responsiveness of IRCR201. Taken together, IRCR201 provides a promising therapeutic agent for c-Met-positive cancer patients through suppressing the c-Met signaling pathway and tumor growth.
Collapse
|
66
|
Kim JH, Kim HS, Kim BJ. MET inhibitors in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis and review. Oncotarget 2017; 8:75500-75508. [PMID: 29088885 PMCID: PMC5650440 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The alterations of MET have been detected in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, survival benefit of MET inhibitors remains controversial. We performed this meta-analysis to evaluate the survival benefit of MET inhibitors combined with an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) or standard chemotherapy in patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC. A systematic computerized search of the electronic databases was carried out. From seven studies, 2,577 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with patients in the placebo group, patients who received an additional MET inhibitor did not show significantly improved progression-free survival (hazard ration (HR) = 0.92 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.79–1.08], P = 0.33) and overall survival (HR = 1.0 [95% CI: 0.90–1.11], P = 0.97). In the subgroup analysis, patients with MET-high NSCLC tended to show longer survival when treated with an additional MET inhibitor than those in the placebo group (HR = 0.76, [95% CI: 0.58–1.01], P = 0.06). In conclusion, this meta-analysis indicates that the addition of a MET inhibitor to an EGFR TKI or chemotherapy has no survival benefit over placebo in patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC. Although patients with MET-high tumor tended to show better survival, further studies to explore more specific biomarkers are warranted to identify ideal candidates for MET inhibitors in NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Han Kim
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred-Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Su Kim
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred-Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Jun Kim
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred-Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Army Capital Hospital, The Armed Forces Medical Command, Sungnam 13574, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Cifani P, Kentsis A. High Sensitivity Quantitative Proteomics Using Automated Multidimensional Nano-flow Chromatography and Accumulated Ion Monitoring on Quadrupole-Orbitrap-Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:2006-2016. [PMID: 28821601 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative proteomics using high-resolution and accuracy mass spectrometry promises to transform our understanding of biological systems and disease. Recent development of parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) using hybrid instruments substantially improved the specificity of targeted mass spectrometry. Combined with high-efficiency ion trapping, this approach also provided significant improvements in sensitivity. Here, we investigated the effects of ion isolation and accumulation on the sensitivity and quantitative accuracy of targeted proteomics using the recently developed hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap-linear ion trap mass spectrometer. We leveraged ultrahigh efficiency nano-electrospray ionization under optimized conditions to achieve yoctomolar sensitivity with more than seven orders of linear quantitative accuracy. To enable sensitive and specific targeted mass spectrometry, we implemented an automated, two-dimensional (2D) ion exchange-reversed phase nanoscale chromatography system. We found that automated 2D chromatography improved the sensitivity and accuracy of both PRM and an intact precursor scanning mass spectrometry method, termed accumulated ion monitoring (AIM), by more than 100-fold. Combined with automated 2D nano-scale chromatography, AIM achieved subattomolar limits of detection of endogenous proteins in complex biological proteomes. This allowed quantitation of absolute abundance of the human transcription factor MEF2C at ∼100 molecules/cell, and determination of its phosphorylation stoichiometry from as little as 1 μg of extracts isolated from 10,000 human cells. The combination of automated multidimensional nano-scale chromatography and targeted mass spectrometry should enable ultrasensitive high-accuracy quantitative proteomics of complex biological systems and diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Cifani
- From the ‡Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Alex Kentsis
- From the ‡Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065; .,§Department of Pediatrics, Weill Medical College of Cornell University and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Henssen AG, Koche R, Zhuang J, Jiang E, Reed C, Eisenberg A, Still E, MacArthur IC, Rodríguez-Fos E, Gonzalez S, Puiggròs M, Blackford AN, Mason CE, de Stanchina E, Gönen M, Emde AK, Shah M, Arora K, Reeves C, Socci ND, Perlman E, Antonescu CR, Roberts CWM, Steen H, Mullen E, Jackson SP, Torrents D, Weng Z, Armstrong SA, Kentsis A. PGBD5 promotes site-specific oncogenic mutations in human tumors. Nat Genet 2017; 49:1005-1014. [PMID: 28504702 PMCID: PMC5489359 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Genomic rearrangements are a hallmark of human cancers. Here, we identify the piggyBac transposable element derived 5 (PGBD5) gene as encoding an active DNA transposase expressed in the majority of childhood solid tumors, including lethal rhabdoid tumors. Using assembly-based whole-genome DNA sequencing, we found previously undefined genomic rearrangements in human rhabdoid tumors. These rearrangements involved PGBD5-specific signal (PSS) sequences at their breakpoints and recurrently inactivated tumor-suppressor genes. PGBD5 was physically associated with genomic PSS sequences that were also sufficient to mediate PGBD5-induced DNA rearrangements in rhabdoid tumor cells. Ectopic expression of PGBD5 in primary immortalized human cells was sufficient to promote cell transformation in vivo. This activity required specific catalytic residues in the PGBD5 transposase domain as well as end-joining DNA repair and induced structural rearrangements with PSS breakpoints. These results define PGBD5 as an oncogenic mutator and provide a plausible mechanism for site-specific DNA rearrangements in childhood and adult solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton G. Henssen
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard Koche
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jiali Zhuang
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Eileen Jiang
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Casie Reed
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amy Eisenberg
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Still
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ian C. MacArthur
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elias Rodríguez-Fos
- Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC-CNS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Gonzalez
- Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC-CNS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Puiggròs
- Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC-CNS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrew N. Blackford
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christopher E. Mason
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mithat Gönen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Nicholas D. Socci
- Bioinformatics Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Elizabeth Perlman
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Hanno Steen
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Mullen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen P. Jackson
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Torrents
- Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC-CNS), Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zhiping Weng
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Scott A. Armstrong
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alex Kentsis
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Yang M, Pan Z, Huang K, Büsche G, Feuerhake F, Chaturvedi A, Nie D, Heuser M, Thol F, von Neuhoff N, Ganser A, Li Z. Activation of TRKA receptor elicits mastocytosis in mice and is involved in the development of resistance to KIT-targeted therapy. Oncotarget 2017; 8:73871-73883. [PMID: 29088753 PMCID: PMC5650308 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotrophins (NTs) play a key role in neuronal survival and maintenance. The TRK (tropomyosin-related kinase) tyrosine kinase receptors (TRKA, TRKB, TRKC) are high affinity receptors for NTs. There is increasing data demonstrating an important role of the TRK family in cancer initiation and progression. NTs have been known for many years to promote chemotaxis, maturation, and survival of mast cells. However, the role of NT signaling in the pathogenesis of mastocytosis is not well understood. In this study, we demonstrate that activation of TRKA by its ligand nerve growth factor (NGF) is potent to trigger a disease in mice with striking similarities to human systemic mastocytosis (SM). Moreover, activation of TRKA by NGF strongly rescues KIT inhibition-induced cell death of mast cell lines and primary mast cells from patients with SM, and this rescue effect can be efficiently blocked by entrectinib (a new pan TRK specific inhibitor). HMC-1 mast cell leukemia cells that are resistant to KIT inhibition induced by TRKA activation show reactivation of MAPK/ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) and strong upregulation of early growth response 3 (EGR3), suggesting an important role of MAPK-EGR3 axis in the development of resistance to KIT inhibition. Targeting both TRK and KIT significantly prolongs survival of mice xenotransplanted with HMC-1 cells compared with targeting KIT alone. Thus, these data strongly suggest that TRKA signaling can improve neoplastic mast cell fitness. This might explain at least in part why treatment with KIT inhibitors alone so far has been disappointing in most published clinical trials for mastocytosis. Our data suggest that targeting both KIT and TRKs might improve efficacy of molecular therapy in SM with KIT mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Zengkai Pan
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kezhi Huang
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guntram Büsche
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Anuhar Chaturvedi
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Danian Nie
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Michael Heuser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Felicitas Thol
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nils von Neuhoff
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arnold Ganser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Zhixiong Li
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Abstract
Kinase pathways are primary effectors of many targeted therapy approaches for cancer. Kinase pathways can be dysregulated by mechanisms far more diverse than chromosomal rearrangements or point mutations, which drove the initial application of kinase inhibitors to cancer. Functional screening with kinase inhibitors is one tool by which we can understand the diversity of target kinases and candidate drugs for patients before fully understanding the mechanistic rationale for kinase pathway dysregulation. By combining functional screening with genomic data, it is also possible to accelerate understanding of these mechanistic underpinnings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W Tyner
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, OHSU BRB 511, Mailcode L592, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
PGBD5 promotes site-specific oncogenic mutations in human tumors. Nat Genet 2017. [PMID: 28504702 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3866+[doi]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Genomic rearrangements are a hallmark of human cancers. Here, we identify the piggyBac transposable element derived 5 (PGBD5) gene as encoding an active DNA transposase expressed in the majority of childhood solid tumors, including lethal rhabdoid tumors. Using assembly-based whole-genome DNA sequencing, we found previously undefined genomic rearrangements in human rhabdoid tumors. These rearrangements involved PGBD5-specific signal (PSS) sequences at their breakpoints and recurrently inactivated tumor-suppressor genes. PGBD5 was physically associated with genomic PSS sequences that were also sufficient to mediate PGBD5-induced DNA rearrangements in rhabdoid tumor cells. Ectopic expression of PGBD5 in primary immortalized human cells was sufficient to promote cell transformation in vivo. This activity required specific catalytic residues in the PGBD5 transposase domain as well as end-joining DNA repair and induced structural rearrangements with PSS breakpoints. These results define PGBD5 as an oncogenic mutator and provide a plausible mechanism for site-specific DNA rearrangements in childhood and adult solid tumors.
Collapse
|
72
|
Henssen AG, Koche R, Zhuang J, Jiang E, Reed C, Eisenberg A, Still E, MacArthur IC, Rodríguez-Fos E, Gonzalez S, Puiggròs M, Blackford AN, Mason CE, de Stanchina E, Gönen M, Emde AK, Shah M, Arora K, Reeves C, Socci ND, Perlman E, Antonescu CR, Roberts CWM, Steen H, Mullen E, Jackson SP, Torrents D, Weng Z, Armstrong SA, Kentsis A. PGBD5 promotes site-specific oncogenic mutations in human tumors. Nat Genet 2017. [DOI: 10.1038/ng.3866 [doi]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
73
|
Single-cell transcriptomics uncovers distinct molecular signatures of stem cells in chronic myeloid leukemia. Nat Med 2017; 23:692-702. [PMID: 28504724 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in single-cell transcriptomics are ideally placed to unravel intratumoral heterogeneity and selective resistance of cancer stem cell (SC) subpopulations to molecularly targeted cancer therapies. However, current single-cell RNA-sequencing approaches lack the sensitivity required to reliably detect somatic mutations. We developed a method that combines high-sensitivity mutation detection with whole-transcriptome analysis of the same single cell. We applied this technique to analyze more than 2,000 SCs from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) throughout the disease course, revealing heterogeneity of CML-SCs, including the identification of a subgroup of CML-SCs with a distinct molecular signature that selectively persisted during prolonged therapy. Analysis of nonleukemic SCs from patients with CML also provided new insights into cell-extrinsic disruption of hematopoiesis in CML associated with clinical outcome. Furthermore, we used this single-cell approach to identify a blast-crisis-specific SC population, which was also present in a subclone of CML-SCs during the chronic phase in a patient who subsequently developed blast crisis. This approach, which might be broadly applied to any malignancy, illustrates how single-cell analysis can identify subpopulations of therapy-resistant SCs that are not apparent through cell-population analysis.
Collapse
|
74
|
Safaie Qamsari E, Safaei Ghaderi S, Zarei B, Dorostkar R, Bagheri S, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Somi MH, Yousefi M. The c-Met receptor: Implication for targeted therapies in colorectal cancer. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317699118. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428317699118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Met (mesenchymal–epithelial transition factor) is a tyrosine kinase receptor activated by hepatocyte growth factor and regulates multiple biological processes, such as cell scattering, survival, and proliferation. Aberrant c-Met signaling has been implicated in a variety of cancer types, including colorectal cancer. c-Met is genetically altered through various mechanisms that is associated with colorectal cancer progression and metastasis. Especially, in colorectal cancer, preclinical evidence for the aberrant activation of the c-Met signaling exists. Accordingly, molecular targeting of c-Met receptor could be a promising strategy, in the treatment of colorectal cancer patients. Recently, it was also shown that crosstalk between c-Met and other cell surface receptors attributes to tumorigenesis and development of therapeutic resistance. Characterization of the molecular mechanisms through which c-Met crosstalks with other receptors in favor of tumor formation and progression remains to explore. This review will describe the mechanisms of aberrant c-Met signaling in colorectal cancer and discuss on additional roles for c-Met receptor through crosstalk with other tyrosine kinase receptors and cell surface proteins in colorectal cancer. Novel therapeutic approaches for c-Met pathway targeting will also be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Safaie Qamsari
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Safaei Ghaderi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Science & Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Hybridoma Laboratory, Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Zarei
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ruhollah Dorostkar
- Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salman Bagheri
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Somi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Hepatocyte Growth Factor, a Key Tumor-Promoting Factor in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9040035. [PMID: 28420162 PMCID: PMC5406710 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9040035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment plays a key role in tumor development and progression. Stromal cells secrete growth factors, cytokines and extracellular matrix proteins which promote growth, survival and metastatic spread of cancer cells. Fibroblasts are the predominant constituent of the tumor stroma and Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF), the specific ligand for the tyrosine kinase receptor c-MET, is a major component of their secretome. Indeed, cancer-associated fibroblasts have been shown to promote growth, survival and migration of cancer cells in an HGF-dependent manner. Fibroblasts also confer resistance to anti-cancer therapy through HGF-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and activation of pro-survival signaling pathways such as ERK and AKT in tumor cells. Constitutive HGF/MET signaling in cancer cells is associated with increased tumor aggressiveness and predicts poor outcome in cancer patients. Due to its role in tumor progression and therapeutic resistance, both HGF and MET have emerged as valid therapeutic targets. Several inhibitors of MET and HGF are currently being tested in clinical trials. Preclinical data provide a strong indication that inhibitors of HGF/MET signaling overcome both primary and acquired resistance to EGFR, HER2, and BRAF targeting agents. These findings support the notion that co-targeting of cancer cells and stromal cells is required to prevent therapeutic resistance and to increase the overall survival rate of cancer patients. HGF dependence has emerged as a hallmark of therapeutic resistance, suggesting that inhibitors of biological activity of HGF should be included into therapeutic regimens of cancer patients.
Collapse
|
76
|
Bahrami A, Shahidsales S, Khazaei M, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Maftouh M, Hassanian SM, Avan A. C-Met as a potential target for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer: Current status and future perspectives. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2657-2673. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Afsane Bahrami
- Molecular Medicine Group, Department of Modern Sciences and Technology; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Student Research Center, Faculty of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Soodabeh Shahidsales
- Cancer Research Center; School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Neurogenic Inflammatory Research Center and Department of Physiology; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Metabolic syndrome Research Center; School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Mina Maftouh
- Metabolic syndrome Research Center; School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Metabolic syndrome Research Center; School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Department of Medical Biochemistry; School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic syndrome Research Center; School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Chen GZ, Dai WS, Zhu HC, Song HM, Yang X, Wang YD, Min H, Lu Q, Liu S, Sun XC, Zeng XN. Foretinib Enhances the Radiosensitivity in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Inhibiting Phosphorylation of c-Met. J Cancer 2017; 8:983-992. [PMID: 28529610 PMCID: PMC5436250 DOI: 10.7150/jca.18135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a crucial event involved in the metastasis and relapse of esophageal cancer, c-Met overexpression has been considered as one of the culprits responsible for the failure in patients who received radiochemotherapy. Since c-Met has been confirmed to be pivotal for cell survival, proliferation and migration, little is known about its impact on the regulation of radiosensitivity in esophageal cancer. The present study investigated the radiosensitization effects of c-Met inhibitor foretinib in ECA-109 and TE-13 cell lines. Foretinib inhibited c-Met signaling in a dose-dependent manner resulting in decreases in the cell viability of ECA-109 and TE-13. Pretreatment with foretinib synergistically prompted cell apoptosis and G2/M arrest induced by irradiation. Moreover, decreases ability of DNA damage repair was also observed. In vivo studies confirmed that the combinatorial use of foretinib with irradiation significantly diminishes tumor burden compared to either treatment alone. The present findings implied a crucial role of c-Met in the modulation of radiosensitization in esophageal cancer, and foretinib increased the radiosensitivity in ECA-109 and TE-13 cells mainly via c-Met signaling, highlighting a novel profile of foretinib as a potential radiosensitizer for the treatment of esophageal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Zong Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wang-Shu Dai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hong-Cheng Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hong-Mei Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lianyungang NO.2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical College, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the Cancer Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Yuan-Dong Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hua Min
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qian Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xin-Chen Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiao-Ning Zeng
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Jeon HM, Lee J. MET: roles in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stemness. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 5:5. [PMID: 28164090 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.12.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In a number of cancers, deregulated MET pathway leads to aberrantly activated proliferative and invasive signaling programs that promote malignant transformation, cell motility and migration, angiogenesis, survival in hypoxia, and invasion. A better understanding of oncogenic MET signaling will help us to discover effective therapeutic approaches and to identify which tumors are likely to respond to MET-targeted cancer therapy. In this review, we will summarize the roles of MET signaling in cancer, with particular focus on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stemness. Then, we will provide update on MET targeting agents and discuss the challenges that should be overcome for the development of an effective therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Min Jeon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jeongwu Lee
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Tvedt TH, Nepstad I, Bruserud Ø. Antileukemic effects of midostaurin in acute myeloid leukemia - the possible importance of multikinase inhibition in leukemic as well as nonleukemic stromal cells. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2016; 26:343-355. [PMID: 28001095 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2017.1275564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Midostaurin is a multikinase inhibitor that inhibits receptor tyrosine kinases (Flt3, CD117/c-kit, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2) as well as non-receptor tyrosine kinases (Frg, Src, Syk, Protein kinase C). Combination of midostaurin with conventional intensive chemotherapy followed by one year maintenance monotherapy was recently reported to improve the survival of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with Flt3 mutations. Areas covered: Relevant publications were identified through literature searches in the PubMed database. We searched for (i) original articles describing the results from clinical studies; (ii) published articles describing the importance of midostaurin-inhibited kinases for leukemogenesis and chemosensitivity. Expert opinion: Midostaurin monotherapy is well tolerated, combined with conventional chemotherapy gastrointestinal toxicity increases significantly. Midostaurin alters anthracycline pharmacokinetics. Furthermore, its antileukemic effects may not only be mediated through Flt3 inhibition alone; the inhibition of other kinases may also be important for the overall antileukemic effect. Midostaurin may then have direct effects on the leukemic cells but also indirect antileukemic effects through inhibition of the AML-supporting effects of neighboring stromal cells in the bone marrow microenvironment. Midostaurin may thus be used in combination with intensive chemotherapy, as maintenance treatment or as disease-stabilizing treatment for elderly unfit patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tor Henrik Tvedt
- a Section for Hematology, Department of Medicine , Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway
| | - Ina Nepstad
- b Section for Hematology , Institute of Clinical Science, University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway
| | - Øystein Bruserud
- a Section for Hematology, Department of Medicine , Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway.,b Section for Hematology , Institute of Clinical Science, University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Greenall SA, Adams TE, Johns TG. Incomplete target neutralization by the anti-cancer antibody rilotumumab. MAbs 2016; 8:246-52. [PMID: 26750997 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1122149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The antibody rilotumumab, which has been tested in multiple Phase 2 and Phase 3 trials, has been reported to neutralize hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), the ligand for the oncogene MET. However, we report that rilotumumab does not prevent HGF from directly binding to MET on conventional and primary patient-derived human gliomasphere lines, a trait driven by the HGF α-chain, which remains free to engage cell-surface glycosaminoglycans and the receptor MET. This binding induces MET phosphorylation, initiates robust AKT and ERK signaling and potentiates biological effects such as cell scattering. This partial antagonism was highly exacerbated in the presence of activated epidermal growth factor receptor, which is common in several cancers. Hence, we confirm that rilotumumab is only a partial antagonist of HGF activity, a finding that has considerable implications for the therapeutic use of rilotumumab.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sameer A Greenall
- a Oncogenic Signalling Laboratory and Brain Cancer Discovery Collaborative, Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research , 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton , VIC 3168 , Australia.,b Monash University, Wellington Parade , Clayton , VIC 3800 , Australia.,c Biomedical Manufacturing Program, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation , 343 Royal Parade, Parkville , VIC 3052 , Australia
| | - Timothy E Adams
- c Biomedical Manufacturing Program, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation , 343 Royal Parade, Parkville , VIC 3052 , Australia
| | - Terrance G Johns
- a Oncogenic Signalling Laboratory and Brain Cancer Discovery Collaborative, Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research , 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton , VIC 3168 , Australia.,b Monash University, Wellington Parade , Clayton , VIC 3800 , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Cho YA, Kim EK, Heo SJ, Cho BC, Kim HR, Chung JM, Yoon SO. Alteration status and prognostic value of MET in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Cancer 2016; 7:2197-2206. [PMID: 27994655 PMCID: PMC5166528 DOI: 10.7150/jca.16686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The MET pathway plays a key role in various cancers, and its inhibition represents a potential treatment target. However, appropriate biomarkers are needed to facilitate the selection of patients who would benefit from MET inhibiting therapy. We herein conducted a robust confirmatory evaluation of the MET copy number alteration status and prognostic significance of c-Met expression in a large series of patients (n = 396) who underwent standard surgical resection and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Surgically resected HNSCC samples were subjected to immunohistochemical and H-score analysis of c-Met expression and silver in situ hybridization analysis of MET amplification and copy number gains. c-Met expression varied, with mean and median H-scores (scale: 0-300 scale) of 61.2 and 60.0, respectively. The lowest and highest expression levels were observed in SCC of the larynx and oral cavity, respectively. MET copy number gains were observed in 16.9% of cases (67/339) and were associated with c-Met protein expression. High c-Met expression, determined according to MET gain status, was associated with an inferior overall survival rate, especially among completely resected cases. In conclusion, our robust analysis revealed that c-Met expression in HNSCCs varied according to anatomical site, correlated with MET copy number gains, and was associated with poor prognosis. This c-Met expression analysis method, which is based on the MET gain status, appears to appropriately predict high-risk HNSCC patients in the context of anti-MET therapeutic decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Ah Cho
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Jin Heo
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoung Chul Cho
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Ryun Kim
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Sun Och Yoon
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Guo JR, Li W, Wu Y, Wu LQ, Li X, Guo YF, Zheng XH, Lian XL, Huang HF, Chen YZ. Hepatocyte growth factor promotes proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of myeloid leukemia cells through PI3K-AKT and MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:3630-3644. [PMID: 27725846 PMCID: PMC5040664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate effects of HGF expression on biological behaviors of Kasumi-1 and HL60. Expression of HGF and c-Met gene were detected using qRT-PCR. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used to reduce HGF expression. Silencing effect of shRNA was verified by qRT-PCR and western blot. Cell reproductive capacity, cell clonality and cell cycle (apoptosis) were detected by CCK-8, clone formation, flow cytometry (FCM), respectively. Cell adhesion, cell invasion ability and cell proliferation were also examined. Changes of PI3K-AKT, MAPK/ERK signaling factors were detected by western blot. HGF and c-Met expression in first-vist AML group was significantly higher than in AML-relief and normal control group. HGF shRNA can inhibit cell proliferation, inhibit cloning ability. Compared with control group, apoptosis ratios of Kasumi-1 and HL60 cell in interference groups were significantly higher. After shRNA interference, the number of adherent cells and transmembrane cells were significantly decreased compared with control group. Meanwhile, shRNA also down-regulated Bad, Bcl-XL, Bcl-2, CDK1, Cyclin B, MMP2, MMP9, and up-regulated cleaved caspase9, cleaved caspase3, cleaved PARP, Bax, and P21. Moreover, phosphorylated c-Met, AKT, Erk, and mTOR were also reduced. In conclusion, HGF and c-Met gene highly expressed among first-visit AML patients, but decreased after relief treatment. HGF may promote proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of AML cells through PI3K-AKT and MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Therefore, proliferation and invasion ability of AML cell can be inhibited by down-regulating HGF gene to retardate cell in G2/M stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Rui Guo
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou, China
| | - Lin-Qing Wu
- Department of Immunology, Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou, China
| | - Ya-Fei Guo
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zheng
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Lian
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou, China
| | - Hui-Fang Huang
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Zhong Chen
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Qian G, Wang D, Magliocca KR, Hu Z, Nannapaneni S, Kim S, Chen Z, Sun SY, Shin DM, Saba NF, Chen ZG. Human papillomavirus oncoprotein E6 upregulates c-Met through p53 downregulation. Eur J Cancer 2016; 65:21-32. [PMID: 27451021 PMCID: PMC5002257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) carries a distinct clinical behaviour. c-Met oncogene is an important driver for tumour progression and its relationship with HPV in OPSCC was explored in the present study. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Knockdown of HPV oncogene E6 or p53 alone and in combination was performed to examine their effects on c-Met expression by Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The effects of c-Met inhibition on cell proliferation, migration, and colony formation were examined in HPV-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells. Retrospectively collected OPSCC patient specimens (N = 78) were stained for c-Met by immunohistochemistry and the staining levels were correlated with HPV status and patient outcomes. RESULTS E6 knockdown decreased c-Met protein and mRNA expression in HPV-positive HNSCC cells, which was partially abolished by the elimination of p53. Reducing c-Met decreased cell proliferation, migration, and colony formation in HPV-positive HNSCC cells. In OPSCC patient samples, high c-Met expression was associated with HPV-positive status (OR = 4.11, 95%CI: 1.16-14.55, P = 0.028) and tumour stage (OR = 0.27, 95%CI: 0.08-0.93, P = 0.039) by multivariable analysis. In T3/T4 stage patients, high c-Met expression was associated with HPV positivity and low p53 levels, supporting an axis of E6-p53-c-Met regulation. Furthermore, high c-Met expression was marginally associated with poor disease-free survival in HPV-positive patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that c-Met may serve as a novel target for treating HPV-associated OPSCC. The data also demonstrate that HPV E6 upregulates c-Met expression partially through p53 downregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Qian
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Zhongliang Hu
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Pathology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Sreenivas Nannapaneni
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sungjin Kim
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Zhengjia Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shi-Yong Sun
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dong M Shin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Nabil F Saba
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Zhuo G Chen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Henssen AG, Jiang E, Zhuang J, Pinello L, Socci ND, Koche R, Gonen M, Villasante CM, Armstrong SA, Bauer DE, Weng Z, Kentsis A. Forward genetic screen of human transposase genomic rearrangements. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:548. [PMID: 27491780 PMCID: PMC4973553 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2877-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous human genes encode potentially active DNA transposases or recombinases, but our understanding of their functions remains limited due to shortage of methods to profile their activities on endogenous genomic substrates. RESULTS To enable functional analysis of human transposase-derived genes, we combined forward chemical genetic hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 (HPRT1) screening with massively parallel paired-end DNA sequencing and structural variant genome assembly and analysis. Here, we report the HPRT1 mutational spectrum induced by the human transposase PGBD5, including PGBD5-specific signal sequences (PSS) that serve as potential genomic rearrangement substrates. CONCLUSIONS The discovered PSS motifs and high-throughput forward chemical genomic screening approach should prove useful for the elucidation of endogenous genome remodeling activities of PGBD5 and other domesticated human DNA transposases and recombinases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton G. Henssen
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Eileen Jiang
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Jiali Zhuang
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA USA
| | - Luca Pinello
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Nicholas D. Socci
- Bioinformatics Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Richard Koche
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY USA
| | - Mithat Gonen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Camila M. Villasante
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Scott A. Armstrong
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Daniel E. Bauer
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Zhiping Weng
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA USA
| | - Alex Kentsis
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY USA
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Kim SM, Kim H, Yun MR, Kang HN, Pyo KH, Park HJ, Lee JM, Choi HM, Ellinghaus P, Ocker M, Paik S, Kim HR, Cho BC. Activation of the Met kinase confers acquired drug resistance in FGFR-targeted lung cancer therapy. Oncogenesis 2016; 5:e241. [PMID: 27429073 PMCID: PMC5399172 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2016.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) activation/expression is a common feature in lung cancer (LC). In this study, we evaluated the antitumor activity of and the mechanisms underlying acquired resistance to two potent selective FGFR inhibitors, AZD4547 and BAY116387, in LC cell lines. The antitumor activity of AZD4547 and BAY1163877 was screened in 24 LC cell lines, including 5 with FGFR1 amplification. Two cell lines containing FGFR1 amplifications, H1581 and DMS114, were sensitive to FGFR inhibitors (IC50<250 nm). Clones of FGFR1-amplified H1581 cells resistant to AZD4547 or BAY116387 (H1581AR and H1581BR cells, respectively) were established. Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) array and immunoblotting analyses showed strong overexpression and activation of Met in H1581AR/BR cells, compared with that in the parental cells. Gene set enrichment analysis against the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database showed that cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathways were significantly enriched in H1581AR/BR cells, with Met contributing significantly to the core enrichment. Genomic DNA quantitative PCR and fluorescent in situ hybridization analyses showed MET amplification in H1581AR, but not in H1581BR, cells. Met amplification drives acquired resistance to AZD4547 in H1581AR cells by activating ErbB3. Combination treatment with FGFR inhibitors and an anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)/Met inhibitor, crizotinib, or Met-specific short interfering RNA (siRNA) synergistically inhibited cell proliferation in both H1581AR and H1581BR cells. Conversely, ectopic expression of Met in H1581 cells conferred resistance to AZD4547 and BAY1163877. Acquired resistance to FGFR inhibitors not only altered cellular morphology, but also promoted migration and invasion of resistant clones, in part by inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Taken together, our data suggest that Met activation is sufficient to bypass dependency on FGFR signaling. Concurrent inhibition of the Met and FGFR pathways may have synergistic clinical benefits when targeting FGFR-dependent LC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S-M Kim
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co., Ltd., Gumi, Kyungbuk, Korea
| | - H Kim
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co., Ltd., Gumi, Kyungbuk, Korea
| | - M R Yun
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co., Ltd., Gumi, Kyungbuk, Korea
| | - H N Kang
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co., Ltd., Gumi, Kyungbuk, Korea
| | - K-H Pyo
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co., Ltd., Gumi, Kyungbuk, Korea
| | - H J Park
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co., Ltd., Gumi, Kyungbuk, Korea
| | - J M Lee
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co., Ltd., Gumi, Kyungbuk, Korea
| | - H M Choi
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co., Ltd., Gumi, Kyungbuk, Korea
| | - P Ellinghaus
- Bayer Pharma AG, Global Drug Discovery, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - M Ocker
- Bayer Pharma AG, Global Drug Discovery, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - S Paik
- Division of Pathology NSABP, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H R Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - B C Cho
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Huang F, Ma Z, Pollan S, Yuan X, Swartwood S, Gertych A, Rodriguez M, Mallick J, Bhele S, Guindi M, Dhall D, Walts AE, Bose S, de Peralta Venturina M, Marchevsky AM, Luthringer DJ, Feller SM, Berman B, Freeman MR, Alvord WG, Vande Woude G, Amin MB, Knudsen BS. Quantitative imaging for development of companion diagnostics to drugs targeting HGF/MET. JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY CLINICAL RESEARCH 2016; 2:210-222. [PMID: 27785366 PMCID: PMC5068192 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The limited clinical success of anti-HGF/MET drugs can be attributed to the lack of predictive biomarkers that adequately select patients for treatment. We demonstrate here that quantitative digital imaging of formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues stained by immunohistochemistry can be used to measure signals from weakly staining antibodies and provides new opportunities to develop assays for detection of MET receptor activity. To establish a biomarker panel of MET activation, we employed seven antibodies measuring protein expression in the HGF/MET pathway in 20 cases and up to 80 cores from 18 human cancer types. The antibodies bind to epitopes in the extra (EC)- and intracellular (IC) domains of MET (MET4EC, SP44_METIC, D1C2_METIC), to MET-pY1234/pY1235, a marker of MET kinase activation, as well as to HGF, pSFK or pMAPK. Expression of HGF was determined in tumour cells (T_HGF) as well as in stroma surrounding cancer (St_HGF). Remarkably, MET4EC correlated more strongly with pMET (r = 0.47) than SP44_METIC (r = 0.21) or D1C2_METIC (r = 0.08) across 18 cancer types. In addition, correlation coefficients of pMET and T_HGF (r = 0.38) and pMET and pSFK (r = 0.56) were high. Prediction models of MET activation reveal cancer-type specific differences in performance of MET4EC, SP44_METIC and anti-HGF antibodies. Thus, we conclude that assays to predict the response to HGF/MET inhibitors require a cancer-type specific antibody selection and should be developed in those cancer types in which they are employed clinically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangjin Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California 90048 USA
| | - Zhaoxuan Ma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California 90048 USA
| | - Sara Pollan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California 90048 USA
| | - Xiaopu Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California 90048 USA
| | - Steven Swartwood
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California 90048 USA
| | - Arkadiusz Gertych
- Departments of Surgery Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California 90048 USA
| | - Maria Rodriguez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California 90048 USA
| | - Jayati Mallick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California 90048 USA
| | - Sanica Bhele
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California 90048 USA
| | - Maha Guindi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California 90048 USA
| | - Deepti Dhall
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California 90048 USA
| | - Ann E Walts
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California 90048 USA
| | - Shikha Bose
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California 90048 USA
| | - Mariza de Peralta Venturina
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California 90048 USA
| | - Alberto M Marchevsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California 90048 USA
| | - Daniel J Luthringer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California 90048 USA
| | - Stephan M Feller
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin-Luther-University 06120 Halle Germany
| | - Benjamin Berman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California 90048 USA
| | - Michael R Freeman
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCalifornia90048USA; Departments of SurgeryCedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCalifornia90048USA; Cancer Biology Program, Departments of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCalifornia90048USA
| | - W Gregory Alvord
- Data Management Services, Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick Frederick Maryland 21702 USA
| | - George Vande Woude
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute Grand Rapids Michigan 49503 USA
| | - Mahul B Amin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California 90048 USA
| | - Beatrice S Knudsen
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCalifornia90048USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineCedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCalifornia90048USA
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Zhang Y, Du Z, Zhang M. Biomarker development in MET-targeted therapy. Oncotarget 2016; 7:37370-37389. [PMID: 27013592 PMCID: PMC5095083 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the MET receptor tyrosine kinase by its ligand, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), has been implicated in a variety of cellular processes, including cell proliferation, survival, migration, motility and invasion, all of which may be enhanced in human cancers. Aberrantly activated MET/HGF signaling correlates with tumorigenesis and metastasis, and is regarded as a robust target for the development of novel anti-cancer treatments. Various clinical trials were conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of selective HGF/MET inhibitors in cancer patients. There is currently no optimal or standardized method for accurate and reliable assessment of MET levels, or other biomarkers that are predictive of the patient response to MET-targeted therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the importance of accurate HGF/MET signal detection as a predictive biomarker to guide patient selection for clinical trials of MET-targeted therapies in human cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Zhang
- Amgen Biopharmaceutical Research and Development (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Du
- Amgen Biopharmaceutical Research and Development (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingqiang Zhang
- Amgen Biopharmaceutical Research and Development (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Li Y, Li W, He Q, Xu Y, Ren X, Tang X, Wen X, Yang X, Sun Y, Zeng J, Yun J, Liu N, Ma J. Prognostic value of MET protein overexpression and gene amplification in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:13309-19. [PMID: 25965822 PMCID: PMC4537016 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the incidence and prognostic value of MET protein overexpression and gene amplification in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Specimens from 376 consecutive patients with locoregionally advanced NPC were subjected to immunohistochemistry to analyze MET protein expression and fluorescence in situ hybridization to assess MET amplification status. In total, 139/376 (37.0%) patients had MET protein overexpression; of whom, 7/139 (5.0%) had MET amplification. MET overexpression was significantly associated with locoregional failure (P = 0.009), distant metastasis (P = 0.006) and death (P < 0.001); MET amplification was significantly associated with death (P = 0.021). A positive correlation was observed between MET copy number status and MET protein expression (r = 0.629, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated MET overexpression was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS; HR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.38-2.87; P < 0.001) and disease-free survival (DFS; HR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.33-2.57; P < 0.001), and MET amplification was independently associated with poorer OS (HR, 4.24; 95% CI, 1.78-10.08; P < 0.001) and DFS (HR, 5.44; 95% CI, 2.44-12.09; P < 0.001). In conclusion, MET protein overexpression and gene amplification are independent prognostic factors for OS and DFS in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and may provide therapeutic biomarkers to identify patients in whom MET inhibitors may be beneficial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingqin Li
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenfei Li
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingmei He
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yafei Xu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianyue Ren
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinran Tang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingping Yun
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Du Z, Caenepeel S, Shen Y, Rex K, Zhang Y, He Y, Tang ET, Wang O, Zhong W, Zhou H, Huang J, Huang E, Hu L, Coxon A, Zhang M. Preclinical Evaluation of AMG 337, a Highly Selective Small Molecule MET Inhibitor, in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:1227-37. [PMID: 27196749 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/MET signaling has been implicated in hepatocarcinogenesis, suggesting that MET may serve as an attractive therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma. We sought to investigate the in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of AMG 337, a potent and highly selective small molecule MET kinase inhibitor, in preclinical models of hepatocellular carcinoma. The antiproliferative activity of AMG 337 was evaluated across a panel of hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines in a viability assay. Daily oral administration was used to evaluate the in vivo antitumor activity of AMG 337 in two patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of hepatocellular carcinoma (LI0612 and LI1078). AMG 337 exerted potent antiproliferative activity against 2 of 40 hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, namely, MHCC97H (IC50, 0.015 μmol/L) and HCCLM3 (IC50, 0.025 μmol/L). Both sensitive cell lines showed MET amplification (MET/CEN-7 >2.0) assessed by FISH, and high MET expression (3+ IHC) assessed by IHC. AMG 337 potently inhibited p-MET in all cell lines with detectable levels of total MET. However, the dose-dependent inhibition of downstream effectors of HGF/MET signaling, including p-GAB1, p-AKT, and p-ERK, was limited to those cell lines sensitive to AMG 337 in a viability assay (MHCC97H and HCCLM3). AMG 337 significantly inhibited tumor growth at all doses tested in the MET-amplified and MET-high-expressing hepatocellular carcinoma PDX model LI0612 and had no effect on tumor growth in the non-MET-amplified and MET-low-expressing hepatocellular carcinoma PDX model LI1078. AMG 337 represents a promising and novel therapeutic strategy for targeting hepatocellular carcinomas with a dependence on HGF/MET signaling. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(6); 1227-37. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Du
- Amgen Biopharmaceutical Research & Development (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Sean Caenepeel
- Oncology Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Yuqing Shen
- Amgen Biopharmaceutical Research & Development (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Karen Rex
- Oncology Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Yanni Zhang
- Amgen Biopharmaceutical Research & Development (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying He
- Amgen Biopharmaceutical Research & Development (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - En-Tzu Tang
- Amgen Biopharmaceutical Research & Development (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Ouhong Wang
- Amgen Biopharmaceutical Research & Development (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenge Zhong
- Amgen Biopharmaceutical Research & Development (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Amgen Biopharmaceutical Research & Development (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Jacqueline Huang
- Amgen Biopharmaceutical Research & Development (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Eric Huang
- Amgen Biopharmaceutical Research & Development (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Liaoyuan Hu
- Amgen Biopharmaceutical Research & Development (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Angela Coxon
- Oncology Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Mingqiang Zhang
- Amgen Biopharmaceutical Research & Development (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Cignetto S, Modica C, Chiriaco C, Fontani L, Milla P, Michieli P, Comoglio PM, Vigna E. Dual Constant Domain-Fab: A novel strategy to improve half-life and potency of a Met therapeutic antibody. Mol Oncol 2016; 10:938-48. [PMID: 27103110 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinase receptor encoded by the Met oncogene is a sensible target for cancer therapy. The chimeric monovalent Fab fragment of the DN30 monoclonal antibody (MvDN30) has an odd mechanism of action, based on cell surface removal of Met via activation of specific plasma membrane proteases. However, the short half-life of the Fab, due to its low molecular weight, is a severe limitation for the deployment in therapy. This issue was addressed by increasing the Fab molecular weight above the glomerular filtration threshold through the duplication of the constant domains, in tandem (DCD-1) or reciprocally swapped (DCD-2). The two newly engineered molecules showed biochemical properties comparable to the original MvDN30 in vitro, acting as full Met antagonists, impairing Met phosphorylation and activation of downstream signaling pathways. As a consequence, Met-mediated biological responses were inhibited, including anchorage-dependent and -independent cell growth. In vivo DCD-1 and DCD-2 showed a pharmacokinetic profile significantly improved over the original MvDN30, doubling the circulating half-life and reducing the clearance. In pre-clinical models of cancer, generated by injection of tumor cells or implant of patient-derived samples, systemic administration of the engineered molecules inhibited the growth of Met-addicted tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Cignetto
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Str Prov 142, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; University of Turin, Department of Oncology, Str Prov 142, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Chiara Modica
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Str Prov 142, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; University of Turin, Department of Oncology, Str Prov 142, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Cristina Chiriaco
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Str Prov 142, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Lara Fontani
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Str Prov 142, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Paola Milla
- University of Turin, Department of Science and Drug Technology, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Michieli
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Str Prov 142, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; University of Turin, Department of Oncology, Str Prov 142, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Paolo M Comoglio
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Str Prov 142, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; University of Turin, Department of Oncology, Str Prov 142, 10060 Candiolo, Italy.
| | - Elisa Vigna
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Str Prov 142, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; University of Turin, Department of Oncology, Str Prov 142, 10060 Candiolo, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Finisguerra V, Prenen H, Mazzone M. Preclinical and clinical evaluation of MET functions in cancer cells and in the tumor stroma. Oncogene 2016; 35:5457-5467. [PMID: 26996670 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A lot of attention has been dedicated to investigate the role of the tyrosine kinase receptor MET in tumors. The acquired notion that cancer cells from different histological origin strictly rely on the engagement of this specific oncogene for their growth and survival has certainly justified the development and the use of MET-targeted therapies in the clinic. However, the function and involvement of this pathway in the stroma (that often constitutes >50% of the global cellularity of the tumor) may offer the opportunity to conceive new patient stratification criteria, rational drug design and guided trials of new combination treatments. In this review, we will summarize and discuss the role of MET in cancer cells but especially in different stromal compartments, in light of the results showed by past and recent preclinical and clinical trials with anti-MET drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Finisguerra
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium.,de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - H Prenen
- Digestive Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven and Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Mazzone
- Lab of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Lab of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Tetsu O, Hangauer MJ, Phuchareon J, Eisele DW, McCormick F. Drug Resistance to EGFR Inhibitors in Lung Cancer. Chemotherapy 2016; 61:223-35. [PMID: 26910730 DOI: 10.1159/000443368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The discovery of mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has dramatically changed the treatment of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. EGFR-targeted therapies show considerable promise, but drug resistance has become a substantial issue. METHODS We reviewed the literature to provide an overview of the drug resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in NSCLC. RESULTS The mechanisms causing primary, acquired and persistent drug resistance to TKIs vary. Researchers and clinicians, who have used study findings to develop more effective therapeutic approaches, have found that the sequential use of single agents presents a formidable challenge, suggesting that multidrug combinations must be considered. CONCLUSIONS In the era of precision medicine, oncologists should promptly obtain an accurate diagnosis of drug resistance in each patient to be able to design the most relevant combination therapy to overcome patient-specific drug resistance.
Collapse
|
93
|
Firtina Karagonlar Z, Koc D, Iscan E, Erdal E, Atabey N. Elevated hepatocyte growth factor expression as an autocrine c-Met activation mechanism in acquired resistance to sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:407-16. [PMID: 26790028 PMCID: PMC4832867 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer and the third leading cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. Limitations in HCC treatment result due to poor prognosis and resistance against traditional radiotherapy and chemotherapies. The multikinase inhibitor sorafenib is the only FDA approved drug available for advanced HCC patients, and development of second‐line treatment options for patients who cannot tolerate or develop resistance to sorafenib is an urgent medical need. In this study, we established sorafenib‐resistant cells from Huh7 and Mahlavu cell lines by long‐term sorafenib exposure. Sorafenib‐resistant HCC cells acquired spindle‐shape morphology, upregulated mesenchymal markers, and showed significant increase in both migration and invasion abilities compared to their parental counterparts. Moreover, after long‐term sorafenib treatment, HCC cells showed induction of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) synthesis and secretion along with increased levels of c‐Met kinase and its active phosphorylated form, indicating autocrine activation of HGF/c‐Met signaling. Importantly, the combined treatment of the resistant cells with c‐Met kinase inhibitor SU11274 and HGF neutralizing antibody significantly reversed the increased invasion ability of the cells. The combined treatment also significantly augmented sorafenib‐induced apoptosis, suggesting restoration of sorafenib sensitivity. These results describe, for the first time, compensatory upregulation of HGF synthesis leading to autocrine activation of HGF/c‐Met signaling as a novel cellular strategy in the acquisition of sorafenib resistance. Therefore, we suggest that combinatorial therapeutic strategies with HGF and c‐Met inhibitors comprise promising candidates for overcoming sorafenib resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Firtina Karagonlar
- Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, Izmir University of Economics, Izmir.,Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir
| | - Dogukan Koc
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir
| | - Evin Iscan
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir
| | - Esra Erdal
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir.,Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Neşe Atabey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir.,Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Unger FT, Lange N, Krüger J, Compton C, Moore H, Agrawal L, Juhl H, David KA. Nanoproteomic analysis of ischemia-dependent changes in signaling protein phosphorylation in colorectal normal and cancer tissue. J Transl Med 2016; 14:6. [PMID: 26742633 PMCID: PMC4705760 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0752-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical diagnostic research relies upon the collection of tissue samples, and for those samples to be representative of the in vivo situation. Tissue collection procedures, including post-operative ischemia, can impact the molecular profile of the tissue at the genetic and proteomic level. Understanding the influence of factors such as ischemia on tissue samples is imperative in order to develop both markers of tissue quality and ultimately accurate diagnostic tests. METHODS Using NanoPro1000 technology, a rapid and highly sensitive immunoassay platform, the phosphorylation status of clinically relevant cancer-related biomarkers in response to ischemia was quantified in tissue samples from 20 patients with primary colorectal cancer. Tumor tissue and adjacent normal tissue samples were collected and subjected to cold ischemia prior to nanoproteomic analysis of AKT, ERK1/2, MEK1/2, and c-MET. Ischemia-induced relative changes in overall phosphorylation and phosphorylation of individual isoforms were calculated and statistical significance determined. Any differences in baseline levels of phosphorylation between tumor tissue and normal tissue were also analyzed. RESULTS Changes in overall phosphorylation of the selected proteins in response to ischemia revealed minor variations in both normal and tumor tissue; however, significant changes were identified in the phosphorylation of individual isoforms. In normal tissue post-operative ischemia, phosphorylation was increased in two AKT isoforms, two ERK1/2 isoforms, and one MEK1/2 isoform and decreased in one MEK1/2 isoform and one c-MET isoform. Following ischemia in tumor tissue, one AKT isoform showed decreased phosphorylation and there was an overall increase in unphosphorylated ERK1/2, whereas an increase in the phosphorylation of two MEK1/2 isoforms was observed. There were no changes in c-MET phosphorylation in tumor tissue. CONCLUSION This study provides insight into the influence of post-operative ischemia on tissue sample biology, which may inform the future development of markers of tissue quality and assist in the development of diagnostic tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole Lange
- Indivumed GmbH, Falkenried 88, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Jana Krüger
- Indivumed GmbH, Falkenried 88, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.
| | | | - Helen Moore
- Biorepositories and Biospecimen Research Branch,National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Lokesh Agrawal
- Biorepositories and Biospecimen Research Branch,National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Hartmut Juhl
- Indivumed GmbH, Falkenried 88, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
95
|
Garajová I, Giovannetti E, Biasco G, Peters GJ. c-Met as a Target for Personalized Therapy. TRANSLATIONAL ONCOGENOMICS 2015. [PMID: 26628860 DOI: 10.4137/togog.s30534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
MET and its ligand HGF are involved in many biological processes, both physiological and pathological, making this signaling pathway an attractive therapeutic target in oncology. Downstream signaling effects are transmitted via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase protein kinase B)/AKT, signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins (STAT), and nuclear factor-κB. The final output of the terminal effector components of these pathways is activation of cytoplasmic and nuclear processes leading to increases in cell proliferation, survival, mobilization and invasive capacity. In addition to its role as an oncogenic driver, increasing evidence implicates MET as a common mechanism of resistance to targeted therapies including EGFR and VEGFR inhibitors. In the present review, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of the HGF-MET signaling pathway in cancer and its therapeutic targeting (HGF activation inhibitors, HGF inhibitors, MET antagonists and selective/nonselective MET kinase inhibitors). Recent advances in understanding the role of this pathway in the resistance to current anticancer strategies used in lung, kidney and pancreatic cancer are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Garajová
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. ; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Speciality Medicine, University of Bologna, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. ; Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start-Up Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Guido Biasco
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Speciality Medicine, University of Bologna, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Godefridus J Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Garajová I, Giovannetti E, Biasco G, Peters GJ. c-Met as a Target for Personalized Therapy. TRANSLATIONAL ONCOGENOMICS 2015; 7:13-31. [PMID: 26628860 PMCID: PMC4659440 DOI: 10.4137/tog.s30534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
MET and its ligand HGF are involved in many biological processes, both physiological and pathological, making this signaling pathway an attractive therapeutic target in oncology. Downstream signaling effects are transmitted via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase protein kinase B)/AKT, signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins (STAT), and nuclear factor-κB. The final output of the terminal effector components of these pathways is activation of cytoplasmic and nuclear processes leading to increases in cell proliferation, survival, mobilization and invasive capacity. In addition to its role as an oncogenic driver, increasing evidence implicates MET as a common mechanism of resistance to targeted therapies including EGFR and VEGFR inhibitors. In the present review, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of the HGF-MET signaling pathway in cancer and its therapeutic targeting (HGF activation inhibitors, HGF inhibitors, MET antagonists and selective/nonselective MET kinase inhibitors). Recent advances in understanding the role of this pathway in the resistance to current anticancer strategies used in lung, kidney and pancreatic cancer are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Garajová
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Speciality Medicine, University of Bologna, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start-Up Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Guido Biasco
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Speciality Medicine, University of Bologna, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Godefridus J. Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
AKT inactivation causes persistent drug tolerance to EGFR inhibitors. Pharmacol Res 2015; 102:132-7. [PMID: 26453958 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major obstacle to the success of EGFR-targeted therapy. We recently studied the mechanism by which a small subset of EGFR mutant lung cancer cells remains viable after EGFR inhibition. We found that this drug-tolerant subpopulation develops because EGFR inhibition prevents AKT activity and thus inactivates Ets-1 function. In this article, we discuss how changes in intrinsic cell signaling after EGFR inhibition open a new avenue to drug resistance in NSCLCs, and comment on combined TKI and MEK inhibitor treatment to reduce the probability of emergent resistance to EGFR TKIs.
Collapse
|
98
|
Henssen AG, Henaff E, Jiang E, Eisenberg AR, Carson JR, Villasante CM, Ray M, Still E, Burns M, Gandara J, Feschotte C, Mason CE, Kentsis A. Genomic DNA transposition induced by human PGBD5. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26406119 PMCID: PMC4625184 DOI: 10.7554/elife.10565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transposons are mobile genetic elements that are found in nearly all organisms, including humans. Mobilization of DNA transposons by transposase enzymes can cause genomic rearrangements, but our knowledge of human genes derived from transposases is limited. In this study, we find that the protein encoded by human PGBD5, the most evolutionarily conserved transposable element-derived gene in vertebrates, can induce stereotypical cut-and-paste DNA transposition in human cells. Genomic integration activity of PGBD5 requires distinct aspartic acid residues in its transposase domain, and specific DNA sequences containing inverted terminal repeats with similarity to piggyBac transposons. DNA transposition catalyzed by PGBD5 in human cells occurs genome-wide, with precise transposon excision and preference for insertion at TTAA sites. The apparent conservation of DNA transposition activity by PGBD5 suggests that genomic remodeling contributes to its biological function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton G Henssen
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Elizabeth Henaff
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States
| | - Eileen Jiang
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Amy R Eisenberg
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Julianne R Carson
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Camila M Villasante
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Mondira Ray
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Eric Still
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Melissa Burns
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Jorge Gandara
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States
| | - Cedric Feschotte
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Christopher E Mason
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States
| | - Alex Kentsis
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kaettering Cancer Center, New York, United States.,Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, United States
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Karagonlar ZF, Korhan P, Atabey N. Targeting c-Met in Cancer by MicroRNAs: Potential Therapeutic Applications in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Drug Dev Res 2015; 76:357-67. [PMID: 26363180 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical Research Cancer is one of the world's deadliest diseases, with very low survival rates and increased occurrence in the future. Successfully developed target-based therapies have significantly changed cancer treatment. However, primary and/or acquired resistance in the tumor is a major challenge in current therapies and novel combinational therapies are required. RNA interference-mediated gene inactivation, alone or in combination with other current therapies, provides novel promising therapeutics that can improve cure rate and overcome resistance mechanisms to conventional therapeutics. Hepatocyte Growth Factor/c-Met signaling is one of the most frequently dysregulated pathways in human cancers and abnormal c-Met activation is correlated with poor clinical outcomes and drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In recent years, a growing number of studies have identified several inhibitors and microRNAs (miRNAs), specifically targeting c-Met in various cancers, including HCC. In this review, we discuss current knowledge regarding miRNAs, focusing on their involvement in cancer and their potential as research tools and therapeutics. Then, we focus on the potential use of c-Met targeting miRNAs for suppressing aberrant c-Met signaling in HCC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep F Karagonlar
- Department of Medical Biology, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Inciralti, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Peyda Korhan
- Department of Medical Biology, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Inciralti, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Neşe Atabey
- Department of Medical Biology, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Inciralti, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
EGFR inhibition evokes innate drug resistance in lung cancer cells by preventing Akt activity and thus inactivating Ets-1 function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E3855-63. [PMID: 26150526 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1510733112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. About 14% of NSCLCs harbor mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Despite remarkable progress in treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), only 5% of patients achieve tumor reduction >90%. The limited primary responses are attributed partly to drug resistance inherent in the tumor cells before therapy begins. Recent reports showed that activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) is an important determinant of this innate drug resistance. In contrast, we demonstrate that EGFR inhibition promotes innate drug resistance despite blockade of RTK activity in NSCLC cells. EGFR TKIs decrease both the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Akt protein kinase pathways for a short time, after which the Ras/MAPK pathway becomes reactivated. Akt inhibition selectively blocks the transcriptional activation of Ets-1, which inhibits its target gene, dual specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6), a negative regulator specific for ERK1/2. As a result, ERK1/2 is activated. Furthermore, elevated c-Src stimulates Ras GTP-loading and activates Raf and MEK kinases. These observations suggest that not only ERK1/2 but also Akt activity is essential to maintain Ets-1 in an active state. Therefore, despite high levels of ERK1/2, Ets-1 target genes including DUSP6 and cyclins D1, D3, and E2 remain suppressed by Akt inhibition. Reduction of DUSP6 in combination with elevated c-Src renews activation of the Ras/MAPK pathway, which enhances cell survival by accelerating Bim protein turnover. Thus, EGFR TKIs evoke innate drug resistance by preventing Akt activity and inactivating Ets-1 function in NSCLC cells.
Collapse
|