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Ekin U, Yuzugullu H, Ozen C, Korhan P, Bagirsakci E, Yilmaz F, Yuzugullu OG, Uzuner H, Alotaibi H, Kirmizibayrak PB, Atabey N, Karakülah G, Ozturk M. Evaluation of ATAD2 as a Potential Target in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Gastrointest Cancer 2021; 52:1356-1369. [PMID: 34738187 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-021-00732-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide with lack of effective systemic chemotherapy. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the value of ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 2 (ATAD2) as a biomarker and potential therapeutic target for HCC. METHODS The expression of ATAD2 was tested in different HCC patient cohorts by immunohistochemistry and comparative transcriptional analysis. The co-expression of ATAD2 and proliferation markers was compared during liver regeneration and malignancy with different bioinformatics tools. The cellular effects of ATAD2 inactivation in liver malignancy was tested on cell cycle, apoptosis, and colony formation ability as well as tumor formation using RNA interference. The genes affected by ATAD2 inactivation in three different HCC cell lines were identified by global gene expression profiling and bioinformatics tools. RESULTS ATAD2 overexpression is closely correlated with HCC tumor stage. There was gradual increase from dysplasia, well-differentiated and poorly-differentiated HCC, respectively. We also observed transient upregulation of ATAD2 expression during rat liver regeneration in parallel to changes in Ki-67 expression. ATAD2 knockdown resulted in apoptosis and decreased cell survival in vitro and decreased tumor formation in some HCC cell lines. However, three other HCC cell lines tested were not affected. Similarly, gene expression response to ATAD2 inactivation in different HCC cell lines was highly heterogeneous. CONCLUSIONS ATAD2 is a potential proliferation marker for liver regeneration and HCC. It may also serve as a therapeutic target despite heterogeneous response of malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Ekin
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey.,Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Haluk Yuzugullu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble, France
| | - Cigdem Ozen
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,Present Address: Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Bioinformatics group, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peyda Korhan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Bagirsakci
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey.,Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Funda Yilmaz
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozge Gursoy Yuzugullu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble, France
| | - Hamdiye Uzuner
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey.,Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hani Alotaibi
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey.,Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Nese Atabey
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey.,Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Tinaztepe University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Karakülah
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey.,Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ozturk
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey. .,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey. .,Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble, France. .,Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Tinaztepe University, Izmir, Turkey.
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Topel H, Bağırsakçı E, Yılmaz Y, Güneş A, Bağcı G, Çömez D, Kahraman E, Korhan P, Atabey N. High glucose induced c-Met activation promotes aggressive phenotype and regulates expression of glucose metabolism genes in HCC cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11376. [PMID: 34059694 PMCID: PMC8166976 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89765-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is strongly associated with metabolic dysregulations/deregulations and hyperglycemia is a common metabolic disturbance in metabolic diseases. Hyperglycemia is defined to promote epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cells in various cancers but its molecular contribution to HCC progression and aggressiveness is relatively unclear. In this study, we analyzed the molecular mechanisms behind the hyperglycemia-induced EMT in HCC cell lines. Here, we report that high glucose promotes EMT through activating c-Met receptor tyrosine kinase via promoting its ligand-independent homodimerization. c-Met activation is critical for high glucose induced acquisition of mesenchymal phenotype, survival under high glucose stress and reprogramming of cellular metabolism by modulating glucose metabolism gene expression to promote aggressiveness in HCC cells. The crucial role of c-Met in high glucose induced EMT and aggressiveness may be the potential link between metabolic syndrome-related hepatocarcinogenesis and/or HCC progression. Considering c-Met inhibition in hyperglycemic patients would be an important complementary strategy for therapy that favors sensitization of HCC cells to therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande Topel
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Bağırsakçı
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Yılmaz
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayşim Güneş
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gülsün Bağcı
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Dehan Çömez
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Erkan Kahraman
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Peyda Korhan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Neşe Atabey
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey.
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3
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Ozkan H, Tuzun F, Taheri S, Korhan P, Akokay P, Yılmaz O, Duman N, Özer E, Tufan E, Kumral A, Özkul Y. Epigenetic Programming Through Breast Milk and Its Impact on Milk-Siblings Mating. Front Genet 2020; 11:569232. [PMID: 33133155 PMCID: PMC7565666 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.569232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The epigenetic effects of transmission of certain regulatory molecules, such as miRNAs, through maternal milk on future generations, are still unknown and have not been fully understood yet. We hypothesized that breastfeeding regularly by adoptive-mother may cause transmission of miRNAs as epigenetic regulating factors to the infant, and the marriage of milk-siblings may cause various pathologies in the future generations. Results A cross-fostering model using a/a and Avy/a mice had been established. F2 milk-sibling and F2 control groups were obtained from mating of milk-siblings or unrelated mice. Randomized selected animals in the both F2 groups were sacrificed for miRNA expression studies and the remainings were followed for phenotypic changes (coat color, obesity, hyperglycemia, liver pathology, and life span). The lifespan in the F2 milk-sibling group was shorter than the control group (387 vs 590 days, p = 0.011) and they were more obese during the aging period. Histopathological examination of liver tissues revealed abnormal findings in F2 milk-sibling group. In order to understand the epigenetic mechanisms leading to these phenotypic changes, we analyzed miRNA expression differences between offspring of milk-sibling and control matings and focused on the signaling pathways regulating lifespan and metabolism. Bioinformatic analysis demonstrated that differentially expressed miRNAs were associated with pathways regulating metabolism, survival, and cancer development such as the PI3K-Akt, ErbB, mTOR, and MAPK, insulin signaling pathways. We further analyzed the expression patterns of miR-186-5p, miR-141-3p, miR-345-5p, and miR-34c-5p and their candidate target genes Mapk8, Gsk3b, and Ppargc1a in ovarian and liver tissues. Conclusion Our findings support for the first time that the factors modifying the epigenetic mechanisms may be transmitted by breast milk and these epigenetic interactions may be transferred transgenerationally. Results also suggested hereditary epigenetic effects of cross-fostering on future generations and the impact of mother-infant dyad on epigenetic programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Ozkan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Funda Tuzun
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Serpil Taheri
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.,Erciyes University's Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell (Genkok), Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Peyda Korhan
- İzmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Pınar Akokay
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, İzmir Kavram University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Osman Yılmaz
- The Experimental Animal Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Nuray Duman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Erdener Özer
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Esra Tufan
- Erciyes University's Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell (Genkok), Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Kumral
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Özkul
- Erciyes University's Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell (Genkok), Kayseri, Turkey.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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4
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Korhan P, Yılmaz Y, Bağırsakçı E, Güneş A, Topel H, Carr BI, Atabey N. Pleiotropic Effects of Heparins: From Clinical Applications to Molecular Mechanisms in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 2018:7568742. [PMID: 30425976 PMCID: PMC6217885 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7568742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major health problem worldwide and most cases are incurable because of late presentation. It is the most common primary neoplasm of the liver and often arises in the context of a chronic liver disease that impairs coagulation. Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a common complication of HCC that is associated with a poor prognosis. Heparin derivatives are widely used in the management of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Among them low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) favorably influences the survival in patients with advanced cancer, including HCC. Due to their pleiotropic function, heparins affect tumorigenesis in many ways and may promote or hamper tumorigenic transformation depending on the cancer type and cancer stage along with their structural properties and concentration. Thus, their application as an antithrombotic along with the conventional therapy regime should be carefully planned to develop the best management strategies. In this review, we first will briefly review clinical applications of heparin derivatives in the management of cancer with a particular focus on HCC. We then summarize the state of knowledge whereby heparin can crosstalk with molecules playing a role in hepatocarcinogenesis. Lastly, we highlight new experimental and clinical research conducted with the aim of moving towards personalized therapy in cancer patients at risk of thromboembolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyda Korhan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, 35340, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Yılmaz
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, 35340, Turkey
- Medical Biology and Genetics, Heath Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Bağırsakçı
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, 35340, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Turkey
| | - Ayşim Güneş
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, 35340, Turkey
| | - Hande Topel
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, 35340, Turkey
- Medical Biology and Genetics, Heath Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Turkey
| | | | - Neşe Atabey
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, 35340, Turkey
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5
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İşcan E, Güneş A, Korhan P, Yılmaz Y, Erdal E, Atabey N. The regulatory role of heparin on c-Met signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. J Cell Commun Signal 2016; 11:155-166. [PMID: 27975162 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-016-0368-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of heparin as an anticoagulant is well defined; however, its role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression is not clear yet. Some studies have shown that anticoagulant treatment in cancer patients improve overall survival, however, recent clinical trials have not shown a survival benefit in cancer patients receiving heparin treatment. In our previous studies we have shown the inhibitory effects of heparin on Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF)-induced invasion and migration in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. In this study, we showed the differential effects of heparin on the behaviors of HCC cells based on the presence or absence of HGF. In the absence of HGF, heparin activated HGF/c-Met signaling and promoted motility and invasion in HCC cells. Heparin treatment led to c-Met receptor dimerization and activated c-Met signaling in an HGF independent manner. Heparin-induced c-Met activation increased migration and invasion through ERK1/2, early growth response factor 1 (EGR1) and Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP) axis. Interestingly, heparin modestly decreased the proliferation of HCC cells by inhibiting activatory phosphorylation of Akt. The inhibition of c-Met signaling reversed heparin-induced increase in motility and invasion and, proliferation inhibition. Our study provides a new perspective into the role of heparin on c-Met signaling in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evin İşcan
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340 Balçova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aysim Güneş
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340 Balçova, Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Peyda Korhan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Yılmaz
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340 Balçova, Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Esra Erdal
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340 Balçova, Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Neşe Atabey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340 Balçova, Izmir, Turkey. .,Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
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6
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Murat N, Korhan P, Kizer O, Evcim S, Kefi A, Demir Ö, Gidener S, Atabey N, Esen AA. Resveratrol Protects and Restores Endothelium-Dependent Relaxation in Hypercholesterolemic Rabbit Corpus Cavernosum. J Sex Med 2016; 13:12-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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7
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Karagonlar ZF, Korhan P, Atabey N. Targeting c-Met in Cancer by MicroRNAs: Potential Therapeutic Applications in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Drug Dev Res 2015; 76:357-67. [PMID: 26363180 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical Research Cancer is one of the world's deadliest diseases, with very low survival rates and increased occurrence in the future. Successfully developed target-based therapies have significantly changed cancer treatment. However, primary and/or acquired resistance in the tumor is a major challenge in current therapies and novel combinational therapies are required. RNA interference-mediated gene inactivation, alone or in combination with other current therapies, provides novel promising therapeutics that can improve cure rate and overcome resistance mechanisms to conventional therapeutics. Hepatocyte Growth Factor/c-Met signaling is one of the most frequently dysregulated pathways in human cancers and abnormal c-Met activation is correlated with poor clinical outcomes and drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In recent years, a growing number of studies have identified several inhibitors and microRNAs (miRNAs), specifically targeting c-Met in various cancers, including HCC. In this review, we discuss current knowledge regarding miRNAs, focusing on their involvement in cancer and their potential as research tools and therapeutics. Then, we focus on the potential use of c-Met targeting miRNAs for suppressing aberrant c-Met signaling in HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep F Karagonlar
- Department of Medical Biology, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Inciralti, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Peyda Korhan
- Department of Medical Biology, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Inciralti, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Neşe Atabey
- Department of Medical Biology, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Inciralti, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
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Bozkaya G, Korhan P, Cokaklı M, Erdal E, Sağol O, Karademir S, Korch C, Atabey N. Cooperative interaction of MUC1 with the HGF/c-Met pathway during hepatocarcinogenesis. Mol Cancer 2012; 11:64. [PMID: 22962849 PMCID: PMC3542123 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-11-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) induced c-Met activation is known as the main stimulus for hepatocyte proliferation and is essential for liver development and regeneration. Activation of HGF/c-Met signaling has been correlated with aggressive phenotype and poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MUC1 is a transmembrane mucin, whose over-expression is reported in most cancers. Many of the oncogenic effects of MUC1 are believed to occur through the interaction of MUC1 with signaling molecules. To clarify the role of MUC1 in HGF/c-Met signaling, we determined whether MUC1 and c-Met interact cooperatively and what their role(s) is in hepatocarcinogenesis. Results MUC1 and c-Met over-expression levels were determined in highly motile and invasive, mesenchymal-like HCC cell lines, and in serial sections of cirrhotic and HCC tissues, and these levels were compared to those in normal liver tissues. Co-expression of both c-Met and MUC1 was found to be associated with the differentiation status of HCC. We further demonstrated an interaction between c-Met and MUC1 in HCC cells. HGF-induced c-Met phosphorylation decreased this interaction, and down-regulated MUC1 expression. Inhibition of c-Met activation restored HGF-mediated MUC1 down-regulation, and decreased the migratory and invasive abilities of HCC cells via inhibition of β-catenin activation and c-Myc expression. In contrast, siRNA silencing of MUC1 increased HGF-induced c-Met activation and HGF-induced cell motility and invasion. Conclusions These findings indicate that the crosstalk between MUC1 and c-Met in HCC could provide an advantage for invasion to HCC cells through the β-catenin/c-Myc pathway. Thus, MUC1 and c-Met could serve as potential therapeutic targets in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giray Bozkaya
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Dokuz Eylul University, Medical School, Balcova-Izmir, Turkey
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9
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Gode F, Gulekli B, Dogan E, Korhan P, Dogan S, Bige O, Cimrin D, Atabey N. Influence of follicular fluid GDF9 and BMP15 on embryo quality. Fertil Steril 2011; 95:2274-8. [PMID: 21496799 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Revised: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between follicular fluid levels of propeptide and mature forms of growth differentiation factor (GDF) 9 and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 15 with subsequent oocyte and embryo quality. DESIGN Prospective clinical study. SETTING University hospital. PATIENT(S) Eighty-one infertile patients who underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). INTERVENTION(S) The expression levels of the propeptide and mature forms of follicular fluid GDF9 and BMP15 were determined by western blot analysis. The levels of follicular fluid hormones (FSH, E2, and P) were measured with automated chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassays. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The relationships between the levels of GDF9 and BMP15, hormones, oocyte maturation, and embryo quality. RESULT(S) Mature GDF9 levels were significantly correlated with the nuclear maturation of oocytes. The mean mature GDF9 level was 4.87±0.60 in the high-embryo-quality group and 1.45±0.81 in the low-embryo-quality group. There were no statistically significant differences in embryo quality among the patients regarding propeptide GDF9 and BMP15 expression status. There was a negative correlation between follicular fluid levels of P and the mature form of GDF9. CONCLUSION(S) Higher mature GDF9 levels in the follicular fluid were significantly correlated with oocyte nuclear maturation and embryo quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funda Gode
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dokuz Eylul University Medical School, Dokuz Eylul University Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
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