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Takeshita Y, Tanaka T, Wakakuri H, Kita Y, Kanamori T, Takamura T. Metabolic and sympathovagal effects of bolus insulin glulisine versus basal insulin glargine therapy in people with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled study. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:1193-1201. [PMID: 33251697 PMCID: PMC8264393 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION This study compares the effects of two different insulin regimens - basal versus bolus insulin - on metabolic and cardiovascular autonomic function in Japanese participants with type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants were randomly assigned to groups for therapy with insulin glulisine (IGlu) or insulin glargine (IGla). The primary efficacy end-point was glycemic variability, including M-values, mean of glucose levels, and a blood glucose profile of seven time points before and after the intervention. The secondary end-points included pleiotropic effects, including endothelial and cardiac autonomic nerve functions. RESULTS Blood glucose levels at all time points significantly decreased in both groups. Post-lunch, post-dinner, and bedtime blood glucose levels were significantly lower in the IGlu group than in the IGla group. Nadir fasting blood glucose levels at the end-point were significantly lower in the IGla group than in the IGlu group. The M-value and mean blood glucose levels were significantly decreased from baseline in both groups, although the former was significantly lower in the IGlu group than in the IGla group. IGla, but not IGlu, was found to elevate 24-h parasympathetic tone, especially during night-time, and it decreased 24-h sympathetic nerve activity, especially at dawn. CONCLUSIONS Both IGlu and IGla regimens reduced glucose variability, with IGlu bringing a greater reduction in M-value. IGla, but not IGlu, increased parasympathetic tone during night-time and decreased sympathetic nerve activity at dawn. These findings shed light on the previously unrecognized role of night-time basal insulin supplementation on sympathovagal activity in type 2 diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumie Takeshita
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismKanazawa University Graduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawaIshikawaJapan
| | - Takeo Tanaka
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismKanazawa University Graduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawaIshikawaJapan
| | - Hitomi Wakakuri
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismKanazawa University Graduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawaIshikawaJapan
| | - Yuki Kita
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismKanazawa University Graduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawaIshikawaJapan
| | - Takehiro Kanamori
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismKanazawa University Graduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawaIshikawaJapan
| | - Toshinari Takamura
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismKanazawa University Graduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawaIshikawaJapan
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2
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Korhan P, Yılmaz Y, Bağırsakçı E, Güneş A, Topel H, Carr BI, Atabey N. Pleiotropic Effects of Heparins: From Clinical Applications to Molecular Mechanisms in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 2018:7568742. [PMID: 30425976 PMCID: PMC6217885 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7568742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major health problem worldwide and most cases are incurable because of late presentation. It is the most common primary neoplasm of the liver and often arises in the context of a chronic liver disease that impairs coagulation. Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a common complication of HCC that is associated with a poor prognosis. Heparin derivatives are widely used in the management of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Among them low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) favorably influences the survival in patients with advanced cancer, including HCC. Due to their pleiotropic function, heparins affect tumorigenesis in many ways and may promote or hamper tumorigenic transformation depending on the cancer type and cancer stage along with their structural properties and concentration. Thus, their application as an antithrombotic along with the conventional therapy regime should be carefully planned to develop the best management strategies. In this review, we first will briefly review clinical applications of heparin derivatives in the management of cancer with a particular focus on HCC. We then summarize the state of knowledge whereby heparin can crosstalk with molecules playing a role in hepatocarcinogenesis. Lastly, we highlight new experimental and clinical research conducted with the aim of moving towards personalized therapy in cancer patients at risk of thromboembolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyda Korhan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, 35340, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Yılmaz
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, 35340, Turkey
- Medical Biology and Genetics, Heath Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Bağırsakçı
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, 35340, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Turkey
| | - Ayşim Güneş
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, 35340, Turkey
| | - Hande Topel
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, 35340, Turkey
- Medical Biology and Genetics, Heath Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Turkey
| | | | - Neşe Atabey
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, 35340, Turkey
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3
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Gassman NR. Induction of oxidative stress by bisphenol A and its pleiotropic effects. Environ Mol Mutagen 2017; 58:60-71. [PMID: 28181297 PMCID: PMC5458620 DOI: 10.1002/em.22072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) has become a target of intense public scrutiny since concerns about its association with human diseases such as obesity, diabetes, reproductive disorders, and cancer have emerged. BPA is a highly prevalent chemical in consumer products, and human exposure is thought to be ubiquitous. Numerous studies have demonstrated its endocrine disrupting properties and attributed exposure with cytotoxic, genotoxic, and carcinogenic effects; however, the results of these studies are still highly debated and a consensus about BPA's safety and its role in human disease has not been reached. One of the contributing factors is a lack of molecular mechanisms or modes of action that explain the diverse and pleiotropic effects observed after BPA exposure. The increase in BPA research seen over the last ten years has resulted in more studies that examine molecular mechanisms and revealed links between BPA-induced oxidative stress and human disease. Here, a review of the current literature examining BPA exposure and the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or oxidative stress will be provided to examine the landscape of the current BPA literature and provide a framework for understanding how induction of oxidative stress by BPA may contribute to the pleiotropic effects observed after exposure. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 58:60-71, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie R Gassman
- University of South Alabama Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, Alabama, 36604-1405
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Bennett M. Replacing Magic Bullets With Beneficial Pleiotropy in Atherosclerosis. Circ Res 2016; 119:1167-1169. [PMID: 28051782 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Bennett
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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5
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Zang G, Zou H, Zhang Y, Xiang Z, Huang J, Luo L, Wang C, Lei K, Li X, Song D, Din AU, Wang G. The De-Etiolated 1 Homolog of Arabidopsis Modulates the ABA Signaling Pathway and ABA Biosynthesis in Rice. Plant Physiol 2016; 171:1259-76. [PMID: 27208292 PMCID: PMC4902595 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
DEETIOLATED1 (DET1) plays a critical role in developmental and environmental responses in many plants. To date, the functions of OsDET1 in rice (Oryza sativa) have been largely unknown. OsDET1 is an ortholog of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) DET1 Here, we found that OsDET1 is essential for maintaining normal rice development. The repression of OsDET1 had detrimental effects on plant development, and leaded to contradictory phenotypes related to abscisic acid (ABA) in OsDET1 interference (RNAi) plants. We found that OsDET1 is involved in modulating ABA signaling in rice. OsDET1 RNAi plants exhibited an ABA hypersensitivity phenotype. Using yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays, we determined that OsDET1 interacts physically with DAMAGED-SPECIFIC DNA-BINDING PROTEIN1 (OsDDB1) and CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC10 (COP10); DET1- and DDB1-ASSOCIATED1 binds to the ABA receptors OsPYL5 and OsDDB1. We found that the degradation of OsPYL5 was delayed in OsDET1 RNAi plants. These findings suggest that OsDET1 deficiency disturbs the COP10-DET1-DDB1 complex, which is responsible for ABA receptor (OsPYL) degradation, eventually leading to ABA sensitivity in rice. Additionally, OsDET1 also modulated ABA biosynthesis, as ABA biosynthesis was inhibited in OsDET1 RNAi plants and promoted in OsDET1-overexpressing transgenic plants. In conclusion, our data suggest that OsDET1 plays an important role in maintaining normal development in rice and mediates the cross talk between ABA biosynthesis and ABA signaling pathways in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchao Zang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China (G.Z., H.Z., Z.X., J.H., L.L., A.U.D., G.W.);Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China (Y.Z.);Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture, Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China (C.W., K.L., X.L.); andShuzhou Rice Research Institute, Chongzhou 611200, China (D.S.)
| | - Hanyan Zou
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China (G.Z., H.Z., Z.X., J.H., L.L., A.U.D., G.W.);Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China (Y.Z.);Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture, Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China (C.W., K.L., X.L.); andShuzhou Rice Research Institute, Chongzhou 611200, China (D.S.)
| | - Yuchan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China (G.Z., H.Z., Z.X., J.H., L.L., A.U.D., G.W.);Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China (Y.Z.);Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture, Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China (C.W., K.L., X.L.); andShuzhou Rice Research Institute, Chongzhou 611200, China (D.S.)
| | - Zheng Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China (G.Z., H.Z., Z.X., J.H., L.L., A.U.D., G.W.);Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China (Y.Z.);Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture, Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China (C.W., K.L., X.L.); andShuzhou Rice Research Institute, Chongzhou 611200, China (D.S.)
| | - Junli Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China (G.Z., H.Z., Z.X., J.H., L.L., A.U.D., G.W.);Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China (Y.Z.);Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture, Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China (C.W., K.L., X.L.); andShuzhou Rice Research Institute, Chongzhou 611200, China (D.S.)
| | - Li Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China (G.Z., H.Z., Z.X., J.H., L.L., A.U.D., G.W.);Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China (Y.Z.);Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture, Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China (C.W., K.L., X.L.); andShuzhou Rice Research Institute, Chongzhou 611200, China (D.S.)
| | - Chunping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China (G.Z., H.Z., Z.X., J.H., L.L., A.U.D., G.W.);Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China (Y.Z.);Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture, Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China (C.W., K.L., X.L.); andShuzhou Rice Research Institute, Chongzhou 611200, China (D.S.)
| | - Kairong Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China (G.Z., H.Z., Z.X., J.H., L.L., A.U.D., G.W.);Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China (Y.Z.);Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture, Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China (C.W., K.L., X.L.); andShuzhou Rice Research Institute, Chongzhou 611200, China (D.S.)
| | - Xianyong Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China (G.Z., H.Z., Z.X., J.H., L.L., A.U.D., G.W.);Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China (Y.Z.);Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture, Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China (C.W., K.L., X.L.); andShuzhou Rice Research Institute, Chongzhou 611200, China (D.S.)
| | - Deming Song
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China (G.Z., H.Z., Z.X., J.H., L.L., A.U.D., G.W.);Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China (Y.Z.);Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture, Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China (C.W., K.L., X.L.); andShuzhou Rice Research Institute, Chongzhou 611200, China (D.S.)
| | - Ahmad Ud Din
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China (G.Z., H.Z., Z.X., J.H., L.L., A.U.D., G.W.);Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China (Y.Z.);Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture, Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China (C.W., K.L., X.L.); andShuzhou Rice Research Institute, Chongzhou 611200, China (D.S.)
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China (G.Z., H.Z., Z.X., J.H., L.L., A.U.D., G.W.);Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China (Y.Z.);Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture, Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China (C.W., K.L., X.L.); andShuzhou Rice Research Institute, Chongzhou 611200, China (D.S.)
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Ye Y, Zhao Y. The pleiotropic effects of the seed germination inhibitor germostatin. Plant Signal Behav 2016; 11:e1144000. [PMID: 26918467 PMCID: PMC4883849 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2016.1144000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Seed dormancy and germination are the most important adaptive traits of seed plants, which control the germination in a proper space and time. Internal genetic factors together with environmental cues govern seed dormancy and germination. Abscisic acid (ABA), a key phytohormone induces seed dormancy and inhibits seed germination through its molecular genetic signaling network responding the seed inherent physiological and environmental factors. Recently, auxin has been shown to be another phytohormone that induces seed dormancy. We have recently shown that germonstatin (GS), a small synthetic molecule identified by high through-put chemical genetic screenings, inhibits seed germination through up-regulating auxin signaling and inducing auxin biosynthesis. GERMOSTATIN RESISTANCE LOCUS 1 (GSR1) encodes a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger protein and is responsible for GS seed germination inhibition. Its knockdown mutant gsr1 displays decreased dormancy. In this report, we show that GS is not an ABA analog and provided 2 other GS-resistant mutants related to the chemical's function in seed germination inhibition other than gsr1, suggesting that GS may have pleiotropic effects through targeting different pathway governing seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajin Ye
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, China
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Toyokura K, Yamaguchi K, Shigenobu S, Fukaki H, Tatematsu K, Okada K. Mutations in Plastidial 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Biosynthesis Genes Suppress a Pleiotropic Defect in Shoot Development of a Mitochondrial GABA Shunt Mutant in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell Physiol 2015; 56:1229-38. [PMID: 25840087 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plant developmental processes are co-ordinated with the status of cell metabolism, not only in mitochondria but also in plastids. In Arabidopsis thaliana, succinic semialdehyde (SSA), a GABA shunt metabolite, links the specific mitochondrial metabolic pathway to shoot development. To understand the mechanism of SSA-mediated development, we isolated a succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (ssadh) suppressor mutant, affected in its ability to catalyze SSA to succinic acid. We found that pleiotropic developmental phenotypes of ssadh are suppressed by a mutation in GLUTAMATE-1-SEMIALDEHYDE 2, 1-AMINOMUTASE 2 (GSA2), which encodes a plastidial enzyme converting glutatamate-1-semialdehyde to 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA). In addition, a mutation in either HEMA1 or GSA1, two other enzymes for 5-ALA synthesis, also suppressed ssadh fully and partially, respectively. Furthermore, exogenous application of 5-ALA and SSA disturbed leaf development. These results suggest that metabolism in both mitochondria and plastids affect shoot development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Toyokura
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585 Japan Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
| | | | - Shuji Shigenobu
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585 Japan
| | - Hidehiro Fukaki
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Tatematsu
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585 Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Okada
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585 Japan Department of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Yokatani 1-5, Seta Ohe-cho, Otsu-shi, Shiga 520-2194, Japan
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Cao H, Nuruzzaman M, Xiu H, Huang J, Wu K, Chen X, Li J, Wang L, Jeong JH, Park SJ, Yang F, Luo J, Luo Z. Transcriptome analysis of methyl jasmonate-elicited Panax ginseng adventitious roots to discover putative ginsenoside biosynthesis and transport genes. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:3035-57. [PMID: 25642758 PMCID: PMC4346879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16023035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer belonging to the Araliaceae has long been used as an herbal medicine. Although public databases are presently available for this family, no methyl jasmonate (MeJA) elicited transcriptomic information was previously reported on this species, with the exception of a few expressed sequence tags (ESTs) using the traditional Sanger method. Here, approximately 53 million clean reads of adventitious root transcriptome were separately filtered via Illumina HiSeq™2000 from two samples treated with MeJA (Pg-MeJA) and equal volumes of solvent, ethanol (Pg-Con). Jointly, a total of 71,095 all-unigenes from both samples were assembled and annotated, and based on sequence similarity search with known proteins, a total of 56,668 unigenes was obtained. Out of these annotated unigenes, 54,920 were assigned to the NCBI non-redundant protein (Nr) database, 35,448 to the Swiss-prot database, 43,051 to gene ontology (GO), and 19,986 to clusters of orthologous groups (COG). Searching in the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway database indicated that 32,200 unigenes were mapped to 128 KEGG pathways. Moreover, we obtained several genes showing a wide range of expression levels. We also identified a total of 749 ginsenoside biosynthetic enzyme genes and 12 promising pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) genes related to ginsenoside transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhe Cao
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Mohammed Nuruzzaman
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Hao Xiu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Jingjia Huang
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Kunlu Wu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Xianghui Chen
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Jijia Li
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Li Wang
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Ji-Hak Jeong
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Sun-Jin Park
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Fang Yang
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Junli Luo
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Zhiyong Luo
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
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Borgquist A, Kachani M, Tavitian N, Sinchak K, Wagner EJ. Estradiol negatively modulates the pleiotropic actions of orphanin FQ/nociceptin at proopiomelanocortin synapses. Neuroendocrinology 2013; 98:60-72. [PMID: 23735696 PMCID: PMC4170741 DOI: 10.1159/000351868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Orphanin FQ/nociceptin (OFQ/N) inhibits the activity of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons located in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARH) that regulate female sexual behavior and energy balance. We tested the hypothesis that estradiol modulates the ability of OFQ/N to pre- and postsynaptically decrease the excitability of these cells. To this end, whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were performed in hypothalamic slices prepared from ovariectomized rats, including some that were injected with the retrograde tracer Fluorogold in the medial preoptic nucleus (MPN) to label the POMC neurons regulating sexual receptivity. OFQ/N (1 µM) evoked a robust outward current in ARH neurons from vehicle-treated animals that was blocked by the opioid receptor-like (ORL)1 receptor antagonist UFP-101 (100 nM) and the G protein-gated, inwardly rectifying K⁺ (GIRK-1) channel blocker tertiapin (10 nM). OFQ/N also produced a decrease in the frequency of glutamatergic, miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs), which was also antagonized by UFP-101. Estradiol benzoate (2 µg) increased basal mEPSC frequency and markedly diminished both the OFQ/N-induced activation of postsynaptic GIRK-1 channel currents and the presynaptic inhibition of glutamatergic neurotransmission. These effects were observed in identified POMC neurons, including eight that projected to the MPN. Taken together, these data reveal that estradiol attenuates the pleiotropic inhibitory actions of OFQ/N on POMC neurons: presynaptically through reducing the OFQ/N inhibition of glutamate release and postsynaptically by reducing ORL1 signaling through GIRK channels. As such, they impart critical insight into a mechanism for estradiol to increase the activity of POMC neurons that inhibit sexual receptivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Borgquist
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766
| | - Malika Kachani
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766
| | - Nadia Tavitian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766
| | - Kevin Sinchak
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840
| | - Edward J. Wagner
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766
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10
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Wang J, Du Y, Zhang H, Zhou C, Qi Z, Zheng X, Wang P, Zhang Z. The actin-regulating kinase homologue MoArk1 plays a pleiotropic function in Magnaporthe oryzae. Mol Plant Pathol 2013; 14:470-82. [PMID: 23384308 PMCID: PMC3642230 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Endocytosis is an essential cellular process in eukaryotic cells that involves concordant functions of clathrin and adaptor proteins, various protein and lipid kinases, phosphatases and the actin cytoskeleton. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Ark1p is a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase (SPK) family that affects profoundly the organization of the cortical actin cytoskeleton. To study the function of MoArk1, an Ark1p homologue identified in Magnaporthe oryzae, we disrupted the MoARK1 gene and characterized the ΔMoark1 mutant strain. The ΔMoark1 mutant exhibited various defects ranging from mycelial growth and conidial formation to appressorium-mediated host infection. The ΔMoark1 mutant also exhibited decreased appressorium turgor pressure and attenuated virulence on rice and barley. In addition, the ΔMoark1 mutant displayed defects in endocytosis and formation of the Spitzenkörper, and was hyposensitive to exogenous oxidative stress. Moreover, a MoArk1-green fluorescent protein (MoArk1-GFP) fusion protein showed an actin-like localization pattern by localizing to the apical regions of hyphae. This pattern of localization appeared to be regulated by the N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins MoSec22 and MoVam7. Finally, detailed analysis revealed that the proline-rich region within the MoArk1 serine/threonine kinase (S_TKc) domain was critical for endocytosis, subcellular localization and pathogenicity. These results collectively suggest that MoArk1 exhibits conserved functions in endocytosis and actin cytoskeleton organization, which may underlie growth, cell wall integrity and virulence of the fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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11
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Zhou M, Li D, Li Z, Hu Q, Yang C, Zhu L, Luo H. Constitutive expression of a miR319 gene alters plant development and enhances salt and drought tolerance in transgenic creeping bentgrass. Plant Physiol 2013; 161:1375-91. [PMID: 23292790 PMCID: PMC3585603 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.208702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA319 (miR319) is one of the first characterized and conserved microRNA families in plants and has been demonstrated to target TCP (for TEOSINTE BRANCHED/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTORS [PCF]) genes encoding plant-specific transcription factors. MiR319 expression is regulated by environmental stimuli, suggesting its involvement in plant stress response, although experimental evidence is lacking and the underlying mechanism remains elusive. This study investigates the role that miR319 plays in the plant response to abiotic stress using transgenic creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) overexpressing a rice (Oryza sativa) miR319 gene, Osa-miR319a. We found that transgenic plants overexpressing Osa-miR319a displayed morphological changes and exhibited enhanced drought and salt tolerance associated with increased leaf wax content and water retention but reduced sodium uptake. Gene expression analysis indicated that at least four putative miR319 target genes, AsPCF5, AsPCF6, AsPCF8, and AsTCP14, and a homolog of the rice NAC domain gene AsNAC60 were down-regulated in transgenic plants. Our results demonstrate that miR319 controls plant responses to drought and salinity stress. The enhanced abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic plants is related to significant down-regulation of miR319 target genes, implying their potential for use in the development of novel molecular strategies to genetically engineer crop species for enhanced resistance to environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhigang Li
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634 (M.Z., D.L., Z.L., Q.H., H.L.); and
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (D.L., C.Y., L.Z.)
| | - Qian Hu
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634 (M.Z., D.L., Z.L., Q.H., H.L.); and
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (D.L., C.Y., L.Z.)
| | - Chunhua Yang
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634 (M.Z., D.L., Z.L., Q.H., H.L.); and
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (D.L., C.Y., L.Z.)
| | - Lihuang Zhu
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634 (M.Z., D.L., Z.L., Q.H., H.L.); and
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (D.L., C.Y., L.Z.)
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12
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Farhat YM, Al-Maliki AA, Chen T, Juneja SC, Schwarz EM, O’Keefe RJ, Awad HA. Gene expression analysis of the pleiotropic effects of TGF-β1 in an in vitro model of flexor tendon healing. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51411. [PMID: 23251524 PMCID: PMC3519680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Flexor tendon injuries are among the most challenging problems for hand surgeons and tissue engineers alike. Not only do flexor tendon injuries heal with poor mechanical strength, they can also form debilitating adhesions that may permanently impair hand function. While TGF-β1 is a necessary factor for regaining tendon strength, it is associated with scar and adhesion formation in the flexor tendons and other tissues as well as fibrotic diseases. The pleiotropic effects of TGF-β1 on tendon cells and tissue have not been characterized in detail. The goal of the present study was to identify the targets through which the effects of TGF-β1 on tendon healing could be altered. To accomplish this, we treated flexor tendon tenocytes cultured in pinned collagen gels with 1, 10 or 100 ng/mL of TGF-β1 and measured gel contraction and gene expression using RT-PCR up to 48 hours after treatment. Specifically, we studied the effects of TGF-β1 on the expression of collagens, fibronectin, proteoglycans, MMPs, MMP inhibitors, and the neotendon transcription factors, Scleraxis and Mohawk. Area contraction of the gels was not dose-dependent with the TGF-β1 concentrations tested. We observed dose-dependent downregulation of MMP-16 (MT3-MMP) and decorin, and upregulation of biglycan, collagen V, collagen XII, PAI-1, Scleraxis, and Mohawk by TGF-β1. Inter-gene analyses were also performed to further characterize the expression of ECM and MMP genes in the tenocyte-seeded collagen gels. These analyses illustrate that TGF-β1 tilts the balance of gene expression in favor of ECM synthesis rather than the matrix-remodeling MMPs, a possible means by which TGF-β1 promotes adhesion formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef M. Farhat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- The Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Alaa A. Al-Maliki
- The Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Tony Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- The Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Subhash C. Juneja
- The Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Edward M. Schwarz
- The Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Regis J. O’Keefe
- The Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Hani A. Awad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- The Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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Zhu M, Wang J, Liu M, Du D, Xia C, Shen L, Zhu D. Upregulation of protein phosphatase 2A and NR3A-pleiotropic effect of simvastatin on ischemic stroke rats. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51552. [PMID: 23251573 PMCID: PMC3519689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca(2+) influxes are regulated by the functional state of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs). Dephosphorylation of NMDARs subunits decreases Ca(2+) influxes. NR3, a novel subunit of NMDARs, also decreases Ca(2+) influxes by forming new NMDARs with NR1 and NR2. It is meaningful to uncover whether protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and NR3A play a role in the protective effect of Simvastatin on ischemic stroke. In the present study, the Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with Simvastatin for 7 days before middle cerebral artery occlusion was performed to mimic ischemic stroke. The results showed that Simvastatin decreased brain ischemic infarct area significantly while increasing the expression levels of PP2A and NR3A, thus dephosphorylating the serine sites of NR1 (ser896 and ser897) along with increased enzymatic activities of PP2A. The protein levels of NR3A decreased as the enzymatic activities of PP2A were inhibited by okadaic acid. The results indicated that Simvastatin could protect the cerebrum from ischemic injury through a signaling mechanism involving elevated levels of PP2A and NR3A, and that PP2A might involve in the regulatory mechanism of NR3A expression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Brain Ischemia/complications
- Brain Ischemia/drug therapy
- Brain Ischemia/pathology
- CA1 Region, Hippocampal/drug effects
- CA1 Region, Hippocampal/enzymology
- CA1 Region, Hippocampal/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Genetic Pleiotropy/drug effects
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/complications
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/enzymology
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/pathology
- Male
- Okadaic Acid/pharmacology
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Protein Phosphatase 2/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/genetics
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism
- Simvastatin/pharmacology
- Simvastatin/therapeutic use
- Stroke/drug therapy
- Stroke/enzymology
- Stroke/etiology
- Stroke/pathology
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxia Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Medical College of Tibet University for Nationalities, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongshu Du
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunmei Xia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linlin Shen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Danian Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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14
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Munger A, Coenen K, Cantin L, Goulet C, Vaillancourt LP, Goulet MC, Tweddell R, Sainsbury F, Michaud D. Beneficial 'unintended effects' of a cereal cystatin in transgenic lines of potato, Solanum tuberosum. BMC Plant Biol 2012; 12:198. [PMID: 23116303 PMCID: PMC3534561 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-12-198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies reported unintended pleiotropic effects for a number of pesticidal proteins ectopically expressed in transgenic crops, but the nature and significance of such effects in planta remain poorly understood. Here we assessed the effects of corn cystatin II (CCII), a potent inhibitor of C1A cysteine (Cys) proteases considered for insect and pathogen control, on the leaf proteome and pathogen resistance status of potato lines constitutively expressing this protein. RESULTS The leaf proteome of lines accumulating CCII at different levels was resolved by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and compared with the leaf proteome of a control (parental) line. Out of ca. 700 proteins monitored on 2-D gels, 23 were significantly up- or downregulated in CCII-expressing leaves, including 14 proteins detected de novo or up-regulated by more than five-fold compared to the control. Most up-regulated proteins were abiotic or biotic stress-responsive proteins, including different secretory peroxidases, wound inducible protease inhibitors and pathogenesis-related proteins. Accordingly, infection of leaf tissues by the fungal necrotroph Botryris cinerea was prevented in CCII-expressing plants, despite a null impact of CCII on growth of this pathogen and the absence of extracellular Cys protease targets for the inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS These data point to the onset of pleiotropic effects altering the leaf proteome in transgenic plants expressing recombinant protease inhibitors. They also show the potential of these proteins as ectopic modulators of stress responses in planta, useful to engineer biotic or abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants of economic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Munger
- Centre de recherche en horticulture, Département de phytologie, Université Laval, Pavillon des Services, 2440 boul. Hochelaga, Québec, QC,, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Karine Coenen
- Centre de recherche en horticulture, Département de phytologie, Université Laval, Pavillon des Services, 2440 boul. Hochelaga, Québec, QC,, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Line Cantin
- Centre de recherche en horticulture, Département de phytologie, Université Laval, Pavillon des Services, 2440 boul. Hochelaga, Québec, QC,, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Charles Goulet
- Centre de recherche en horticulture, Département de phytologie, Université Laval, Pavillon des Services, 2440 boul. Hochelaga, Québec, QC,, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Current address: Horticulture Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Louis-Philippe Vaillancourt
- Centre de recherche en horticulture, Département de phytologie, Université Laval, Pavillon des Services, 2440 boul. Hochelaga, Québec, QC,, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marie-Claire Goulet
- Centre de recherche en horticulture, Département de phytologie, Université Laval, Pavillon des Services, 2440 boul. Hochelaga, Québec, QC,, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Russell Tweddell
- Centre de recherche en horticulture, Département de phytologie, Université Laval, Pavillon des Services, 2440 boul. Hochelaga, Québec, QC,, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Frank Sainsbury
- Centre de recherche en horticulture, Département de phytologie, Université Laval, Pavillon des Services, 2440 boul. Hochelaga, Québec, QC,, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Dominique Michaud
- Centre de recherche en horticulture, Département de phytologie, Université Laval, Pavillon des Services, 2440 boul. Hochelaga, Québec, QC,, G1V 0A6, Canada
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15
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Guerra SM, Rodríguez-García A, Santos-Aberturas J, Vicente CM, Payero TD, Martín JF, Aparicio JF. LAL regulators SCO0877 and SCO7173 as pleiotropic modulators of phosphate starvation response and actinorhodin biosynthesis in Streptomyces coelicolor. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31475. [PMID: 22363654 PMCID: PMC3282765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
LAL regulators (Large ATP-binding regulators of the LuxR family) constitute a poorly studied family of transcriptional regulators. Several regulators of this class have been identified in antibiotic and other secondary metabolite gene clusters from actinomycetes, thus they have been considered pathway-specific regulators. In this study we have obtained two disruption mutants of LAL genes from S. coelicolor (Δ0877 and Δ7173). Both mutants were deficient in the production of the polyketide antibiotic actinorhodin, and antibiotic production was restored upon gene complementation of the mutants. The use of whole-genome DNA microarrays and quantitative PCRs enabled the analysis of the transcriptome of both mutants in comparison with the wild type. Our results indicate that the LAL regulators under study act globally affecting various cellular processes, and amongst them the phosphate starvation response and the biosynthesis of the blue-pigmented antibiotic actinorhodin. Both regulators act as negative modulators of the expression of the two-component phoRP system and as positive regulators of actinorhodin biosynthesis. To our knowledge this is the first characterization of LAL regulators with wide implications in Streptomyces metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana M. Guerra
- Institute of Biotechnology INBIOTEC, León, Spain
- Area of Microbiology, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-García
- Institute of Biotechnology INBIOTEC, León, Spain
- Area of Microbiology, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Javier Santos-Aberturas
- Institute of Biotechnology INBIOTEC, León, Spain
- Area of Microbiology, University of León, León, Spain
| | | | - Tamara D. Payero
- Institute of Biotechnology INBIOTEC, León, Spain
- Area of Microbiology, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Juan F. Martín
- Institute of Biotechnology INBIOTEC, León, Spain
- Area of Microbiology, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Jesús F. Aparicio
- Institute of Biotechnology INBIOTEC, León, Spain
- Area of Microbiology, University of León, León, Spain
- * E-mail:
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