51
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Fujii A, Mizutani YH, Kawamura M, Matusyama K, Mizutani Y, Shu E, Seishima M. Serum progranulin level is a novel tool for monitoring disease activity of dermatomyositis with antimelanoma differentiation‐associated protein 5 antibodies. JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS IMMUNOLOGY AND ALLERGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cia2.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Asami Fujii
- Department of Dermatology Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine Gifu Japan
| | - Yuki H. Mizutani
- Department of Dermatology Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine Gifu Japan
| | - Miho Kawamura
- Department of Dermatology Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine Gifu Japan
| | - Kanako Matusyama
- Department of Dermatology Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine Gifu Japan
| | - Yoko Mizutani
- Department of Dermatology Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine Gifu Japan
| | - En Shu
- Department of Dermatology Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine Gifu Japan
| | - Mariko Seishima
- Department of Dermatology Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine Gifu Japan
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52
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Liu C, Li J, Shi W, Zhang L, Liu S, Lian Y, Liang S, Wang H. Progranulin Regulates Inflammation and Tumor. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2021; 19:88-102. [PMID: 31339079 PMCID: PMC7475802 DOI: 10.2174/1871523018666190724124214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Progranulin (PGRN) mediates cell cycle progression and cell motility as a pleiotropic growth factor and acts as a universal regulator of cell growth, migration and transformation, cell cycle, wound healing, tumorigenesis, and cytotoxic drug resistance as a secreted glycoprotein. PGRN overexpression can induce the secretion of many inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-8, -6,-10, TNF-α. At the same time, this protein can promote tumor proliferation and the occurrence and development of many related diseases such as gastric cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, renal injury, neurodegeneration, neuroinflammatory, human atherosclerotic plaque, hepatocarcinoma, acute kidney injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. In short, PGRN plays a very critical role in injury repair and tumorigenesis, it provides a new direction for succeeding research and serves as a target for clinical diagnosis and treatment, thus warranting further investigation. Here, we discuss the potential therapeutic utility and the effect of PGRN on the relationship between inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Liu
- Pathogenic Microbiology, Clinical Medical College, Weifang Medical University, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Pathogenic Microbiology, Clinical Medical College, Weifang Medical University, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Wenjing Shi
- Department of Gynecology, Weifang Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261031, China
| | - Liujia Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Weifang Medical University, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Clinical Medical College, Weifang Medical University, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Yingcong Lian
- Clinical Medical College, Weifang Medical University, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Shujuan Liang
- Key Lab for Immunology in Universities of Shandong Province, Clinical Medical College, Weifang Medical University, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Pathogenic Microbiology, Clinical Medical College, Weifang Medical University, Shandong 261053, China
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53
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Zhou X, Kukar T, Rademakers R. Lysosomal Dysfunction and Other Pathomechanisms in FTLD: Evidence from Progranulin Genetics and Biology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1281:219-242. [PMID: 33433878 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-51140-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been more than a decade since heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the progranulin gene (GRN) were first identified as an important genetic cause of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Due to the highly diverse biological functions of the progranulin (PGRN) protein, encoded by GRN, multiple possible disease mechanisms have been proposed. Early work focused on the neurotrophic properties of PGRN and its role in the inflammatory response. However, since the discovery of homozygous GRN mutations in patients with a lysosomal storage disorder, investigation into the possible roles of PGRN and its proteolytic cleavage products granulins, in lysosomal function and dysfunction, has taken center stage. In this chapter, we summarize the GRN mutational spectrum and its associated phenotypes followed by an in-depth discussion on the possible disease mechanisms implicated in FTLD-GRN. We conclude with key outstanding questions which urgently require answers to ensure safe and successful therapy development for GRN mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolai Zhou
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Thomas Kukar
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rosa Rademakers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
- VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp-CDE, Antwerp, Belgium.
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54
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Kim YJ, Jeon HR, Kim SW, Kim YH, Im GB, Im J, Um SH, Cho SM, Lee JR, Kim HY, Joung YK, Kim DI, Bhang SH. Lightwave-reinforced stem cells with enhanced wound healing efficacy. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:20417314211067004. [PMID: 34987748 PMCID: PMC8721371 DOI: 10.1177/20417314211067004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive research has led to significant preclinical outcomes in modified human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs). Photobiomodulation (PBM), a technique to enhance the cellular capacity of stem cells, has attracted considerable attention owing to its effectiveness and safety. Here, we suggest a red organic light-emitting diode (OLED)-based PBM strategy to augment the therapeutic efficacy of hADSCs. In vitro assessments revealed that hADSCs basked in red OLED light exhibited enhanced angiogenesis, cell adhesion, and migration compared to naïve hADSCs. We demonstrated that the enhancement of cellular capacity was due to an increased level of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, accelerated healing and regulated inflammatory response was observed in mice transplanted with red light-basked hADSCs. Overall, our findings suggest that OLED-based PBM may be an easily accessible and attractive approach for tissue regeneration that can be applied to various clinical stem cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering,
Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ran Jeon
- Department of Health Sciences and
Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of
Korea
- Division of Vascular Surgery,
Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine,
Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Won Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering,
Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Hwan Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering,
Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-Bum Im
- School of Chemical Engineering,
Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Im
- School of Chemical Engineering,
Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Soong Ho Um
- School of Chemical Engineering,
Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Min Cho
- School of Chemical Engineering,
Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Ro Lee
- Center for Biomaterials,
Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology,
Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical-Chemical
Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi, Republic
of Korea
| | - Yoon Ki Joung
- Center for Biomaterials,
Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology,
Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science
& Technology, University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon,
Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ik Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and
Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of
Korea
- Division of Vascular Surgery,
Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine,
Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Ho Bhang
- School of Chemical Engineering,
Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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55
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Bhopatkar AA, Rangachari V. Are granulins copper sequestering proteins? Proteins 2020; 89:450-461. [PMID: 33252789 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Granulins (GRN 1-7) are short (~6 kDa), cysteine-rich proteins that are generated upon the proteolytic processing of progranulin (PGRN). These peptides, along with their precursor, have been implicated in multiple pathophysiological roles, especially in neurodegenerative diseases. Previously we showed that GRN-3 and GRN-5 are fully disordered in the reduced form implicating redox sensitive attributes to the proteins. Redox-based modulations are often carried out by metalloproteins in mitigating oxidative stress and maintaining metal-homeostasis within cells. To probe whether GRNs play a role in metal sequestration, we tested the metal binding propensity of the reduced forms of GRNs -3 and - 5 under neutral and acidic pH mimicking cytosolic and lysosomal conditions, respectively. We found, at neutral pH, both GRNs selectively bind Cu and no other divalent metal cations, with a greater specificity for Cu(I). Binding of Cu did not result in a disorder-to-order structural transition but partly triggered the multimerization of GRNs via uncoordinated cystines at both pH conditions. Overall, the results indicate that GRNs -3 and - 5 have surprisingly strong affinity for Cu in the pM range, comparable to other known copper sequestering proteins. The results also hint at a potential of GRNs to reduce Cu(II) to Cu(I), a process that has significance in mitigating Cu-induced ROS cytotoxicity in cells. Together, this report uncovers metal-coordinating property of GRNs for the first time, which may have profound significance in their structure and pathophysiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anukool A Bhopatkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences and, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, USA
| | - Vijayaraghavan Rangachari
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, USA
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56
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Tantawy AA, Adly AA, Ismail EA, Salah NY, Abdel Alem S, Elsantiel HI. Serum progranulin levels in paediatric patients with Gaucher disease; relation to disease severity and liver stiffness by transient elastography. Liver Int 2020; 40:3051-3060. [PMID: 32652633 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-invasive screening for liver fibrosis using transient elastography (TE) could be of value in the management of Gaucher disease (GD). Progranulin (PGRN) is a novel disease modifier in GD and an independent marker of liver fibrosis. OBJECTIVES We determined PGRN levels in paediatric patients with GD and assessed its role as a potential marker for disease severity and relation to liver stiffness by TE. METHODS Fifty-one GD patients (20 had type 1 and 31 had type 3) with a median age of 9.5 years were compared to 40 age- and sex-matched healthy controls and were studied focusing on visceral manifestations, neurological disease, haematological profile and PGRN levels as well as abdominal ultrasound and TE. Patients were on enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for various durations and those with viral hepatitis infection were excluded. RESULTS By TE, 14 GD patients (27.5%) had elevated liver stiffness ≥7.0 kPa. Liver stiffness was significantly higher in type 1 GD patients than type 3 (P = .002), in splenectomized patients (P = .012) and those with dysphagia (P < .001). Liver stiffness was positively correlated with age of onset of ERT (P < .001). PGRN levels were significantly lower in GD patients compared with controls (P < .001). PGRN was significantly lower in GD patients with squint (P = .025), dysphagia (P = .036) and elevated liver stiffness (P = .015). PGRN was positively correlated with white blood cell count (r = .455, P = .002) and haemoglobin (r = .546, P < .001), while negatively correlated with severity score index (r = -.529, P < .001), liver volume (r = -.298, P = .034) and liver stiffness (r = -.652, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Serum PGRN levels were associated with clinical disease severity and elevated liver stiffness in paediatric GD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza A Tantawy
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amira A Adly
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman A Ismail
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nouran Y Salah
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shereen Abdel Alem
- Department of Endemic medicine and Hepatology, Faculty of medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hesham I Elsantiel
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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57
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Kovács D, Fazekas F, Oláh A, Törőcsik D. Adipokines in the Skin and in Dermatological Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239048. [PMID: 33260746 PMCID: PMC7730960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipokines are the primary mediators of adipose tissue-induced and regulated systemic inflammatory diseases; however, recent findings revealed that serum levels of various adipokines correlate also with the onset and the severity of dermatological diseases. Importantly, further data confirmed that the skin serves not only as a target for adipokine signaling, but may serve as a source too. In this review, we aim to provide a complex overview on how adipokines may integrate into the (patho) physiological conditions of the skin by introducing the cell types, such as keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and sebocytes, which are known to produce adipokines as well as the signals that target them. Moreover, we discuss data from in vivo and in vitro murine and human studies as well as genetic data on how adipokines may contribute to various aspects of the homeostasis of the skin, e.g., melanogenesis, hair growth, or wound healing, just as to the pathogenesis of dermatological diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, acne, rosacea, and melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Kovács
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (D.K.); (F.F.)
| | - Fruzsina Fazekas
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (D.K.); (F.F.)
| | - Attila Oláh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Dániel Törőcsik
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (D.K.); (F.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-52-255-602
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58
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Deng L, Han Y, Tang C, Liao Q, Li Z. Label-Free Mass Spectrometry-Based Quantitative Proteomics Analysis of Serum Proteins During Early Pregnancy in Jennies ( Equus asinus). Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:569587. [PMID: 33195553 PMCID: PMC7642908 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.569587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Early pregnancy in jennies is routinely determined by palpation per rectum or ultrasonography and also by detecting steroid hormone and chorionic gonadotropin levels in the blood, plasma, and serum. Herein we applied label-free mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics to identify serum proteins that were differentially expressed between early pregnant (day 45 after ovulation) and non-pregnant jennies. Bioinformatics analysis allowed illustration of pathways potentially involved in early pregnancy. We identified 295 proteins from a total of 2,569 peptides. Twenty-five proteins (22 upregulated and three downregulated) were significantly differentially expressed between the early pregnant and non-pregnant groups. The majority of the differentially expressed proteins were involved in defense response, early embryonic development, and hormone signaling pathways. Furthermore, functional protein analyses suggested that proteins were involved in binding, enzyme inhibitor activity, and enzyme regulator activity. Five serum proteins—granulin precursor/acrogranin, transgelin-2, fibronectin, fibrinogen-like 1, and thrombospondin 1—can be considered as novel, reliable candidates to detect pregnancy in jennies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to use label-free mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics to analyze serum proteins during early pregnancy in jennies. Our results should facilitate the identification of valuable pregnancy diagnostic markers in early pregnant jennies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Deng
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuwei Han
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chi Tang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingchao Liao
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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59
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Xia X, Chen X, Wu G, Li F, Wang Y, Chen Y, Chen M, Wang X, Chen W, Xian B, Chen W, Cao Y, Xu C, Gong W, Chen G, Cai D, Wei W, Yan Y, Liu K, Qiao N, Zhao X, Jia J, Wang W, Kennedy BK, Zhang K, Cannistraci CV, Zhou Y, Han JDJ. Three-dimensional facial-image analysis to predict heterogeneity of the human ageing rate and the impact of lifestyle. Nat Metab 2020; 2:946-957. [PMID: 32895578 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-00270-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Not all individuals age at the same rate. Methods such as the 'methylation clock' are invasive, rely on expensive assays of tissue samples and infer the ageing rate by training on chronological age, which is used as a reference for prediction errors. Here, we develop models based on convoluted neural networks through training on non-invasive three-dimensional (3D) facial images of approximately 5,000 Han Chinese individuals that achieve an average difference between chronological or perceived age and predicted age of ±2.8 and 2.9 yr, respectively. We further profile blood transcriptomes from 280 individuals and infer the molecular regulators mediating the impact of lifestyle on the facial-ageing rate through a causal-inference model. These relationships have been deposited and visualized in the Human Blood Gene Expression-3D Facial Image (HuB-Fi) database. Overall, we find that humans age at different rates both in the blood and in the face, but do so coherently and with heterogeneity peaking at middle age. Our study provides an example of how artificial intelligence can be leveraged to determine the perceived age of humans as a marker of biological age, while no longer relying on prediction errors of chronological age, and to estimate the heterogeneity of ageing rates within a population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Center for Quantitative Biology (CQB), Peking University, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingwei Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Center for Quantitative Biology (CQB), Peking University, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Center for Quantitative Biology (CQB), Peking University, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Center for Quantitative Biology (CQB), Peking University, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxu Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Center for Quantitative Biology (CQB), Peking University, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Center for Quantitative Biology (CQB), Peking University, Beijing, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiyang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Xian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Weizhong Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaqiang Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chi Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxuan Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Center for Quantitative Biology (CQB), Peking University, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoyu Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Center for Quantitative Biology (CQB), Peking University, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Donghong Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Center for Quantitative Biology (CQB), Peking University, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxin Wei
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yizhen Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Center for Quantitative Biology (CQB), Peking University, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kangping Liu
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Center for Quantitative Biology (CQB), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Qiao
- Accenture China Artificial Intelligence Lab, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- Accenture China Artificial Intelligence Lab, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jin Jia
- Accenture China Artificial Intelligence Lab, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Brian K Kennedy
- Departments of Biochemistry and Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Kang Zhang
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Carlo V Cannistraci
- Biomedical Cybernetics Group, Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Center for Systems Biology Dresden (CSBD), Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life (PoL), Department of Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Complex Network Intelligence (CCNI) at the Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence (THBI) and Department of Bioengineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Clinical Research Institute, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jing-Dong J Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Center for Quantitative Biology (CQB), Peking University, Beijing, China.
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60
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Xu B, Chen X, Ding Y, Chen C, Liu T, Zhang H. Abnormal angiogenesis of placenta in progranulin‑deficient mice. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:3482-3492. [PMID: 32945448 PMCID: PMC7453605 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Progranulin (PGRN) is a secreted growth factor involved in pleiotropic functions, particularly angiogenesis. A distinctly different placental expression of PGRN has been reported between normal pregnancies and pregnancies with complications, such as pre‑eclampsia or fetal growth restriction. However, the role of PGRN in placental vascular development remains to be elucidated. In the present study, PGRN‑knockout mice (PGRN‑/‑) were used to investigate the role of PGRN in the development of placental blood vessels and placental formation. Placental weights and pup body weights were significantly lower in the PGRN‑/‑ mice compared with the wild‑type mice. Reduced labyrinthine layer areas and aberrant vascularization were also observed via hematoxylin and eosin staining of PGRN‑/‑ mice at embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5) and E17.5. In addition, the morphological data obtained via immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and western blotting demonstrated decreased expression levels of the blood vessel markers α‑smooth muscle actin and CD31 in PGRN‑/‑ placentas. Furthermore, vasodilator endothelial nitric oxide synthase was reduced in the PGRN‑/‑ placenta. These results indicated that PGRN serves an essential role in the normal angiogenesis of the placental labyrinth in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bairuo Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xingyou Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yubin Ding
- College of Public Health and Health Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Chang Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Taihang Liu
- College of Public Health and Health Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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Feng D, Kang X, Wang R, Chen H, Zhang K, Feng W, Li H, Zhu Y, Wu S. Progranulin modulates cartilage-specific gene expression via sirtuin 1-mediated deacetylation of the transcription factors SOX9 and P65. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:13640-13650. [PMID: 32747445 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Progranulin (PGRN) is an autocrine growth factor that exerts crucial roles within cartilage tissue; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying PGRN-mediated cartilage homeostasis remain elusive. In the present study, we investigated the role of PGRN in regulating chondrocyte homeostasis and its therapeutic potential for managing osteoarthritis (OA). We found that PGRN levels are significantly increased in human cartilage in mild OA and that its expression is decreased in the cartilage in severe OA. In vitro, treatment of primary rat chondrocytes with recombinant PGRN significantly enhanced the levels of collagen type II α 1 chain (COL2A1) and aggrecan, and attenuated TNFα-induced up-regulation of matrix metallopeptidase 13 (MMP13) and ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 5 (ADAMTS5) in chondrocytes. These effects were abrogated in SIRT1-/- cells, indicating a causative role of SIRT1 in the effects of PGRN on protein expression in chondrocytes. Mechanistically, PGRN increased SIRT1 expression and activity, which reduced the acetylation levels of SRY-box transcription factor (SOX9) and transcription factor P65 (P65) and thereby promoted nuclear translocation of SOX9 and inhibited TNFα-induced P65 nuclear accumulation to maintain chondrocyte homeostasis. In conclusion, our findings reveal a mechanism of action for PGRN that maintains cartilage homeostasis and supports the notion that PGRN up-regulation may be a promising strategy for managing OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Feng
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaomin Kang
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - He Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weilou Feng
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huixia Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yangjun Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Shufang Wu
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Sasaki T, Shimazawa M, Kanamori H, Yamada Y, Nishinaka A, Kuse Y, Suzuki G, Masuda T, Nakamura S, Hosokawa M, Minatoguchi S, Hara H. Effects of progranulin on the pathological conditions in experimental myocardial infarction model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11842. [PMID: 32678228 PMCID: PMC7367277 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68804-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Progranulin is a secreted growth factor associated with multiple physiological functions in ischemic pathophysiology. However, it is still not fully understood how progranulin is involved in ischemic lesion and cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). In this study, we investigated the effects of progranulin on myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. We investigated progranulin expression using Western blotting and immunostaining after permanent left coronary artery (LCA) occlusion in mice. Infarct size and the number of infiltrating neutrophils were measured 24 h after permanent LCA occlusion. Recombinant mouse progranulin was administered before LCA occlusion. In addition, we evaluated cardiac function using cardiac catheterization and echocardiography, and fibrosis size by Masson's trichrome staining after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in rabbits. Recombinant human progranulin was administered immediately after induction of reperfusion. Progranulin expression increased in the myocardial ischemic area 1, 3, and 5 days after permanent LCA occlusion in mice. The administration of recombinant mouse progranulin significantly attenuated infarct size and infiltrating neutrophils 24 h after permanent LCA occlusion in mice. We also found that administration of recombinant human progranulin ameliorated the deterioration of cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in rabbits. These findings suggest that progranulin may protect myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Sasaki
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Kanamori
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Yamada
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Anri Nishinaka
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kuse
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Genjiro Suzuki
- Dementia Research Project, Department of Dementia and Higher Brain Function, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Masuda
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Nakamura
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Masato Hosokawa
- Dementia Research Project, Department of Dementia and Higher Brain Function, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Minatoguchi
- Department of Circulatory and Respiratory Advanced Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Heart Failure Center, Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan.
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63
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Bellomo A, Mondor I, Spinelli L, Lagueyrie M, Stewart BJ, Brouilly N, Malissen B, Clatworthy MR, Bajénoff M. Reticular Fibroblasts Expressing the Transcription Factor WT1 Define a Stromal Niche that Maintains and Replenishes Splenic Red Pulp Macrophages. Immunity 2020; 53:127-142.e7. [PMID: 32562599 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Located within red pulp cords, splenic red pulp macrophages (RPMs) are constantly exposed to the blood flow, clearing senescent red blood cells (RBCs) and recycling iron from hemoglobin. Here, we studied the mechanisms underlying RPM homeostasis, focusing on the involvement of stromal cells as these cells perform anchoring and nurturing macrophage niche functions in lymph nodes and liver. Microscopy revealed that RPMs are embedded in a reticular meshwork of red pulp fibroblasts characterized by the expression of the transcription factor Wilms' Tumor 1 (WT1) and colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1). Conditional deletion of Csf1 in WT1+ red pulp fibroblasts, but not white pulp fibroblasts, drastically altered the RPM network without altering circulating CSF1 levels. Upon RPM depletion, red pulp fibroblasts transiently produced the monocyte chemoattractants CCL2 and CCL7, thereby contributing to the replenishment of the RPM network. Thus, red pulp fibroblasts anchor and nurture RPM, a function likely conserved in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Bellomo
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | - Benjamin J Stewart
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Nicolas Brouilly
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | | | - Menna R Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Marc Bajénoff
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France.
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64
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Progranulin Improves Acute Lung Injury through Regulating the Differentiation of Regulatory T Cells and Interleukin-10 Immunomodulation to Promote Macrophage Polarization. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:9704327. [PMID: 32565732 PMCID: PMC7281846 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9704327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Progranulin (PGRN), which plays an anti-inflammatory role in acute lung injury (ALI), is promising as a potential drug. Studies have shown that regulatory T cells (Tregs) and interleukin- (IL-) 10 can repress inflammation and alleviate tissue damage during ALI. In this study, we built a lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced ALI mouse model to illustrate the effect of PGRN on regulation of Treg differentiation and modulation of IL-10 promoting macrophage polarization. We found that the proportion of Tregs in splenic mononuclear cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells was higher after treatment with PGRN. The increased proportion of Tregs after PGRN intratracheal instillation was consistent with the decreased severity of lung injury, the reduction of proinflammatory cytokines, and the increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines. In vitro, the percentages of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Tregs from splenic naïve CD4+ T cells increased after PGRN treatment. In further research, it was found that PGRN can regulate the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 and affect the polarization of M1/M2 macrophages by upregulating IL-10. These findings show that PGRN likely plays a protective role in ALI by promoting Treg differentiation and activating IL-10 immunomodulation.
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65
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Progranulin/EphA2 axis: A novel oncogenic mechanism in bladder cancer. Matrix Biol 2020; 93:10-24. [PMID: 32417448 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The growth factor progranulin plays a critical role in bladder cancer by modulating tumor cell motility and invasion. Progranulin regulates remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton by interacting with drebrin, an actin binding protein that regulates tumor growth. We previously discovered that progranulin depletion inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and markedly reduces in vivo tumor growth. Moreover, progranulin depletion sensitizes urothelial cancer cells to cisplatin treatment, further substantiating a pro-survival function of progranulin. Until recently, the progranulin signaling receptor remained unidentified, precluding a full understanding of progranulin action in tumor cell biology. We recently identified EphA2, a member of a large family of receptor tyrosine-kinases, as the functional receptor for progranulin. However, it is not established whether EphA2 plays an oncogenic role in bladder cancer. Here we demonstrate that progranulin, and not ephrin-A1, the canonical ligand for EphA2, is the predominant EphA2 ligand in bladder cancer. Progranulin evoked Akt- and Erk1/2-mediated EphA2 phosphorylation at Ser897, which could drive bladder tumorigenesis. We discovered that EphA2 depletion severely blunted progranulin-dependent motility and anchorage-independent growth, and sensitized bladder cancer cells to cisplatin treatment. We further defined the mechanisms of progranulin/EphA2-dependent motility by identifying liprin-α1 as a novel progranulin-dependent EphA2 interacting protein and establishing its critical role in cell motility. The discovery of EphA2 as the functional signaling receptor for progranulin and the identification of novel downstream effectors offer a new avenue for understanding the underlying mechanism of progranulin action and may constitute novel clinical and therapeutic targets in bladder cancer.
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66
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Choi J, Park SY, Moon K, Ha EH, Woo YD, Chung DH, Kwon H, Kim T, Park H, Moon H, Song W, Cho YS. Macrophage-derived progranulin promotes allergen-induced airway inflammation. Allergy 2020; 75:1133-1145. [PMID: 31758561 DOI: 10.1111/all.14129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progranulin (PGRN), mainly produced by immune and epithelial cells, has been known to be involved in the development of various inflammatory diseases. However, the function of PGRN in allergic airway inflammation has not been clearly elucidated, and we investigated the role of PGRN in allergic airway inflammation. METHODS Production of PGRN and various type 2 cytokines was evaluated in mouse airways exposed to house dust mite allergen, and main cellular sources of these molecules were investigated using macrophage, airway epithelial cell, and NKT cell lines. We elucidated the role of PGRN in allergic airway inflammation in mouse models of asthma using macrophage-derived PGRN-deficient mice and NKT cell knockout mice by evaluating cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids and histopathology. We also supplemented recombinant PGRN in the mouse models to confirm the role of PGRN in allergic airway inflammation. RESULTS PGRN production preceded other cytokines, mainly from macrophages, in the airway exposed to allergen. PGRN induced IL-4 and IL-13 production in NKT cells and IL-33 and TSLP in airway epithelial cells. PGRN-induced Th2 cytokine production was abolished in NKT-deficient mice. Finally, allergic inflammation was significantly attenuated in allergen-exposed PGRN-deficient mice, but inflammation was restored when recombinant PGRN was supplemented during the allergen sensitization period. CONCLUSION The presence of macrophage-derived PGRN in airways in the early sensitization period may be critical for mounting a Th2 immune response and for following an allergic airway inflammation pathway via induction of type 2 cytokine production in NKT and airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun‐Pyo Choi
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department of Internal Medicine Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Department of Internal Medicine Eulji University School of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Keun‐Ai Moon
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department of Internal Medicine Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Eun Hee Ha
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department of Internal Medicine Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Yeon Duk Woo
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Seoul National University Medical Research Center Seoul Korea
| | - Doo Hyun Chung
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Seoul National University Medical Research Center Seoul Korea
| | - Hyouk‐Soo Kwon
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department of Internal Medicine Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Tae‐Bum Kim
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department of Internal Medicine Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Hae‐Sim Park
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Ajou University School of Medicine Suwon Korea
| | - Hee‐Bom Moon
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department of Internal Medicine Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Woo‐Jung Song
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department of Internal Medicine Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - You Sook Cho
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department of Internal Medicine Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Korea
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Constantinides MG, Link VM, Tamoutounour S, Wong AC, Perez-Chaparro PJ, Han SJ, Chen YE, Li K, Farhat S, Weckel A, Krishnamurthy SR, Vujkovic-Cvijin I, Linehan JL, Bouladoux N, Merrill ED, Roy S, Cua DJ, Adams EJ, Bhandoola A, Scharschmidt TC, Aubé J, Fischbach MA, Belkaid Y. MAIT cells are imprinted by the microbiota in early life and promote tissue repair. Science 2020; 366:366/6464/eaax6624. [PMID: 31649166 DOI: 10.1126/science.aax6624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
How early-life colonization and subsequent exposure to the microbiota affect long-term tissue immunity remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the development of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells relies on a specific temporal window, after which MAIT cell development is permanently impaired. This imprinting depends on early-life exposure to defined microbes that synthesize riboflavin-derived antigens. In adults, cutaneous MAIT cells are a dominant population of interleukin-17A (IL-17A)-producing lymphocytes, which display a distinct transcriptional signature and can subsequently respond to skin commensals in an IL-1-, IL-18-, and antigen-dependent manner. Consequently, local activation of cutaneous MAIT cells promotes wound healing. Together, our work uncovers a privileged interaction between defined members of the microbiota and MAIT cells, which sequentially controls both tissue-imprinting and subsequent responses to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Constantinides
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Verena M Link
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Samira Tamoutounour
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrea C Wong
- Immunology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - P Juliana Perez-Chaparro
- NIAID Microbiome Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Seong-Ji Han
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Y Erin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kelin Li
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sepideh Farhat
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Antonin Weckel
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Siddharth R Krishnamurthy
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ivan Vujkovic-Cvijin
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jonathan L Linehan
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicolas Bouladoux
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,NIAID Microbiome Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - E Dean Merrill
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sobhan Roy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Daniel J Cua
- Merck & Co., Merck Research Laboratories, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Erin J Adams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Avinash Bhandoola
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey Aubé
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Michael A Fischbach
- Department of Bioengineering and ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yasmine Belkaid
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. .,NIAID Microbiome Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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68
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Huang G, An L, Fan M, Zhang M, Chen B, Zhu M, Wu J, Liu Y, Wang Y, Huang Q, Shi Q, Weng Y. Potential role of full-length and nonfull-length progranulin in affecting aortic valve calcification. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 141:93-104. [PMID: 32247641 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is implicated in the pathogenesis of calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) which is a major contributor to cardiovascular mortality and lacks non-surgical treatment. The progranulin (PGRN) is an important immunomodulatory factor in a variety of inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and pneumonia. However, its role in calcification of aortic valve remains unknown. We firstly found that PGRN was increased in calcified human aortic valve (AV) tissues. Interestingly, in addition to full-length PGRN (68KD), a much stronger band of approximately 45 KD was also significantly increased. The band of 45 KD (45-GRN), was present in wild type (WT) mouse MEFs and AV but absent in grn-/-MEFs, indicating that it was a specific degradation product derived from PGRN. 45-GRN was upregulated whereas PGRN was reduced in human valve interstitial cells (hVICs) under calcifying conditions which is induced by osteogenic medium (OM). In primary porcine VICs (pVICs), PGRN downregulated TNF-α and α-SMA which was accompanied by downregulation of RUNX2, OPN, OCN, alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition, effects pointing to reduced inflammation, myofibroblastic and osteoblastic transition under calcifying conditions. We overexpressed a mimic of 45-GRN which contains p-G-F-B-A-C in pVICs. However, 45-GRN overexpression promoted OM-induced calcification through activating the Smad1/5/8, NF-κB and AKT signaling pathways. Inhibition of the three signaling pathways suppressed 45-GRN's effect on VICs phenotype transition. 45-GRN promoted TNF-α and expressed converse pathogenic signatures with PGRN during TNF-α stimulation. Collectively, this study provides new insight into the pathogenesis of CAVD, indicating that PGRN is a stratagem in mitigating valve fibrosis/osteoblastic differentiation, and also presenting 45-GRN as a potential target for the treatment of CAVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaigai Huang
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Liqin An
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Mengtian Fan
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Menghao Zhang
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bin Chen
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Mengying Zhu
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jinghong Wu
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yan Liu
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yue Wang
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qin Huang
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qiong Shi
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yaguang Weng
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Valdez C, Ysselstein D, Young TJ, Zheng J, Krainc D. Progranulin mutations result in impaired processing of prosaposin and reduced glucocerebrosidase activity. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:716-726. [PMID: 31600775 PMCID: PMC7104673 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a common neurogenerative disorder characterized by progressive degeneration in the frontal and temporal lobes. Heterozygous mutations in the gene encoding progranulin (PGRN) are a common genetic cause of FTD. Recently, PGRN has emerged as an important regulator of lysosomal function. Here, we examine the impact of PGRN mutations on the processing of full-length prosaposin to individual saposins, which are critical regulators of lysosomal sphingolipid metabolism. Using FTD-PGRN patient-derived cortical neurons differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells, as well as post-mortem tissue from patients with FTLD-PGRN, we show that PGRN haploinsufficiency results in impaired processing of prosaposin to saposin C, a critical activator of the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase). Additionally, we found that PGRN mutant neurons had reduced lysosomal GCase activity, lipid accumulation and increased insoluble α-synuclein relative to isogenic controls. Importantly, reduced GCase activity in PGRN mutant neurons is rescued by treatment with saposin C. Together, these findings suggest that reduced GCase activity due to impaired processing of prosaposin may contribute to pathogenesis of FTD resulting from PGRN mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Valdez
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel Ysselstein
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tiffany J Young
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jianbin Zheng
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Abstract
The liver is the largest organ in the human body and is prone for cancer metastasis. Although the metastatic pattern can differ depending on the cancer type, the liver is the organ to which cancer cells most frequently metastasize for the majority of prevalent malignancies. The liver is unique in several aspects: the vascular structure is highly permeable and has unparalleled dual blood connectivity, and the hepatic tissue microenvironment presents a natural soil for the seeding of disseminated tumor cells. Although 70% of the liver is composed of the parenchymal hepatocytes, the remaining 30% is composed of nonparenchymal cells including Kupffer cells, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, and hepatic stellate cells. Recent discoveries show that both the parenchymal and the nonparenchymal cells can modulate each step of the hepatic metastatic cascade, including the initial seeding and colonization as well as the decision to undergo dormancy versus outgrowth. Thus, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms orchestrating the formation of a hospitable hepatic metastatic niche and the identification of the drivers supporting this process is critical for the development of better therapies to stop or at least decrease liver metastasis. The focus of this perspective is on the bidirectional interactions between the disseminated cancer cells and the unique hepatic metastatic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Mielgo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, United Kingdom
| | - Michael C Schmid
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, United Kingdom
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Pu X, Chan K, Yang W, Xiao Q, Zhang L, Moore AD, Liu C, Webb TR, Caulfield MJ, Samani NJ, Zhu J, Ye S. Effect of a coronary-heart-disease-associated variant of ADAMTS7 on endothelial cell angiogenesis. Atherosclerosis 2020; 296:11-17. [PMID: 32005000 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Recent studies have unveiled an association between ADAMTS7 gene variation and coronary artery disease (CAD) caused by atherosclerosis. We investigated if the ADAMTS7 Serine214-to-Proline substitution arising from a CAD-associated variant affected angiogenesis, since neovascularization plays an important role in atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS ADAMTS7 knockdown in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) attenuated their angiogenesis potential, whereas augmented ADAMTS7-Ser214 expression had the opposite effect, leading to increased ECs migratory and tube formation ability. Proteomics analysis showed an increase in thrombospondin-1, a reported angiogenesis inhibitor, in culture media conditioned by ECs with ADAMTS7 knockdown and a decrease of thrombospondin-1 in media conditioned by ECs with ADAMTS7-Ser214 overexpression. Cleavage assay indicated that ADAMTS7 possessed thrombospondin-1 degrading activity, which was reduced by the Ser214-to-Pro substitution. The pro-angiogenic effect of ADAMTS7-Ser214 diminished in the presence of a thrombospondin-1 blocking antibody. CONCLUSIONS The ADAMTS7 Ser217-to-Pro substitution as a result of ADAMTS7 polymorphism affects thrombospondin-1 degradation, thereby promoting atherogenesis through increased EC migration and tube formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyuan Pu
- First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Kenneth Chan
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Wei Yang
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Qingzhong Xiao
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Li Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Andrew D Moore
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Chuanju Liu
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tom R Webb
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Mark J Caulfield
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jianhua Zhu
- First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu Ye
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
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Stubert J, Szewczyk M, Spitschak A, Knoll S, Richter DU, Pützer BM. Adenoviral mediated expression of anti-inflammatory progranulin by placental explants modulates endothelial cell activation by decrease of ICAM-1 expression. Placenta 2019; 90:109-117. [PMID: 32056541 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2019.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Functional disorders of the villous trophoblast may result in preeclampsia through the release of endothelial activating substances. Progranulin is an anti-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic cytokine with TNF-α antagonizing activity. The trophoblastic expression of progranulin is increased during preeclampsia. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of placental progranulin synthesis on endothelial cell activation. METHODS Placental progranulin expression was modified by transduction of an adenoviral vector. Primary isolated human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with conditioned medium of first trimester placental explants. Functional studies on HUVECs included assays for proliferation, viability, cytotoxicity and analyzes of Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and E-selectin expression. RESULTS Placental progranulin expression was more than 10-fold higher by using an adenoviral-mediated overexpression system (Ad.PGRN) compared to control vector (Ad.CTRL) and untreated controls. Incubation of HUVECs with conditioned placental medium revealed a dose-dependent increase of cytotoxicity, reduced cell proliferation and viability and resulted in an increase of ICAM-1 and E-selectin expression. Overexpression of progranulin (Ad.PGRN) antagonized the ICAM-1 expression induced by conditioned medium. However progranulin did not influence the effects on cell proliferation, viability, cytotoxicity and E-selectin expression in HUVECs. DISCUSSION Regulation of gene expression in human placental explants is possible by usage of an adenoviral vector system. The increase of endothelial ICAM-1 expression following the incubation with placental conditioned medium was partly reversed by overexpression of placental progranulin. It is suggested that up-regulation of the placental progranulin expression is an endogenous anti-inflammatory mechanism that partially antagonizes the endothelial cell activation during preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Stubert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rostock University Medical Center, Suedring 81, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Marlen Szewczyk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rostock University Medical Center, Suedring 81, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alf Spitschak
- Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Susanne Knoll
- Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Dagmar-Ulrike Richter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rostock University Medical Center, Suedring 81, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Brigitte M Pützer
- Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69, 18057, Rostock, Germany; Department of Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 25, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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Tian G, Jin X, Wang Q, Ye T, Li G, Liu J. Recent advances in the study of progranulin and its role in sepsis. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 79:106090. [PMID: 31869774 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. The mortality rate of in-hospital patients whose conditions are complicated by sepsis remains high in spite of intensive-care treatment, therefore placing a significant financial burden on the health care system. In recent years, progranulin (PGRN), a cysteine-rich secretory protein (CRISP), has been found to play a crucial role in sepsis. PGRN participates in the pathogenesis of sepsis via diverse pathways, including bacterial clearance, cell growth and survival, tissue repair, and the regulation of inflammation. PGRN knockout mice suffer from serious infectious processes, whereas therapeutic administration of recombinant PGRN to such mice enhances bacterial clearance and reduces organ injury and mortality rate. Even though PGRN plays an important role in regulating sepsis, its potential mechanisms have not been completely clarified. In this review, we summarize the most recent research advances in the study of PGRN and its role in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xinrui Jin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Gynaecology and Breast Diseases (Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University), Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Ting Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Guangrong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
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Chen J, Yu M, Li X, Sun QF, Yang CZ, Yang PS. Progranulin promotes osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells via tumor necrosis factor receptors to inhibit TNF-α sensitized NF-kB and activate ERK/JNK signaling. J Periodontal Res 2019; 55:363-373. [PMID: 31854464 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the molecular mechanism of Progranulin (PGRN) in promoting osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) in inflammatory environment. BACKGROUND Progranulin is an antagonist of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors (TNFRs) and is known to promote inflammatory periodontal bone defect regeneration. METHODS TNFR1- and TNFR2-silenced hPDLSCs designed as hPDLSCs-sh-TNFR1 and hPDLSCs-sh-TNFR2 were cultured with osteoinductive medium containing TNF-α and (or) PGRN. Immunofluorescence, quantitative real-time PCR, and western blot were used to, respectively, detect expressions of TNFR1\TNFR2 and osteogenic differentiation markers as well as phosphorylation level in NF-κB\MAPK-related pathways. RESULTS Immunofluorescence and real-time PCR showed that TNFR1 and TNFR2 positively expressed in hPDLSCs. TNF-α stimulation could significantly decrease the expressions of ALP and RUNX2 in hPDLSCs, whereas PGRN treatment could significantly enhance their expressions, and reverse TNF-α-mediated expression suppression of ALP and RUNX2 in hPDLSCs. In hPDLSCs-sh-TNFR1, TNF-α mediated osteogenic inhibition decreased, but both TNF-α + PGRN and alone PGRN significantly promoted expression of ALP and RUNX2. PGRN significantly enhanced expression of P-ERK1/2 and P-JNK, while corresponding inhibitors eliminated PGRN-stimulated osteogenic differentiation. In hPDLSCs-sh-TNFR2, no significant difference existed in osteogenic markers and P-JNK expression between the PGRN group and the control group. However, PGRN still activated P-ERK1/2 expression. Besides, PGRN antagonized TNF-α-enhanced NF-κB P65 expression. CONCLUSION Progranulin promotes osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs via TNFR1 to inhibit TNF-α-sensitized NF-κB and via TNFR2 to activate JNK signaling. The mechanism by which PGRN activates ERK signaling remains to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Periodontology, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Qin-Feng Sun
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng-Zhe Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Qilu Hospital and Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Pi-Shan Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Niklowitz P, Rothermel J, Lass N, Barth A, Reinehr T. Is there a link between progranulin, obesity, and parameters of the metabolic syndrome in children? Findings from a longitudinal intervention study. Pediatr Diabetes 2019; 20:1047-1055. [PMID: 31469472 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inflammatory cytokine progranulin has been proposed to play a role in obesity and its associated comorbidities such as insulin resistance. OBJECTIVE In a longitudinal study, we analyzed the links between progranulin, parameters of fat mass, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in obese children. METHODS We measured the following parameters in 88 obese children at baseline, at the end of a 1-year lifestyle intervention and 1-year later (=2 years after baseline): progranulin, bioactive leptin, body mass index-SD score (BMI-SDS), waist circumference, body fat based on skinfold measurements and bioimpedance analyses, lipids, transaminases, insulin resistance index homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), and blood pressure. As a control, we determined progranulin in 23 normal-weight children. RESULTS The progranulin concentrations did not differ significantly (P = .795) between obese and normal-weight children. Progranulin concentrations decreased significantly during and after the lifestyle intervention in children with and without decrease of BMI-SDS. There was no relationship between progranulin concentrations and pubertal stage or gender. Progranulin was not significantly associated with insulin resistance HOMA, parameters of the MetS or transaminases both in cross-sectional and longitudinal multiple linear regression analyses adjusted to multiple confounders. Progranulin was significantly, negatively related to age (b-coefficient -1.24 ± .97, P = .012, r2 = .07). CONCLUSIONS Our data do not support the hypothesis that progranulin is an important link between obesity, insulin resistance, and MetS in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Niklowitz
- Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents Datteln, University of Witten/Herdecke, Datteln, Germany
| | - Juliane Rothermel
- Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents Datteln, University of Witten/Herdecke, Datteln, Germany
| | - Nina Lass
- Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents Datteln, University of Witten/Herdecke, Datteln, Germany
| | - Andre Barth
- Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents Datteln, University of Witten/Herdecke, Datteln, Germany
| | - Thomas Reinehr
- Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents Datteln, University of Witten/Herdecke, Datteln, Germany
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Wang C, Zhang L, Ndong JDLC, Hettinghouse A, Sun G, Chen C, Zhang C, Liu R, Liu CJ. Progranulin deficiency exacerbates spinal cord injury by promoting neuroinflammation and cell apoptosis in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:238. [PMID: 31775776 PMCID: PMC6882111 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1630-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Spinal cord injury (SCI) often results in significant and catastrophic dysfunction and disability and imposes a huge economic burden on society. This study aimed to determine whether progranulin (PGRN) plays a role in the progressive damage following SCI and evaluate the potential for development of a PGRN derivative as a new therapeutic target in SCI. METHODS PGRN-deficient (Gr-/-) and wild-type (WT) littermate mice were subjected to SCI using a weight-drop technique. Local PGRN expression following injury was evaluated by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Basso Mouse Scale (BMS), inclined grid walking test, and inclined plane test were conducted at indicated time points to assess neurological recovery. Inflammation and apoptosis were examined by histology (Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining and Nissl staining, TUNEL assays, and immunofluorescence), Western blotting (from whole tissue protein for iNOS/p-p65/Bax/Bcl-2), and ex vivo ELISA (for TNFα/IL-1β/IL-6/IL-10). To identify the prophylactic and therapeutic potential of targeting PGRN, a PGRN derived small protein, Atsttrin, was conjugated to PLGA-PEG-PLGA thermosensitive hydrogel and injected into intrathecal space prior to SCI. BMS was recorded for neurological recovery and Western blotting was applied to detect the inflammatory and apoptotic proteins. RESULTS After SCI, PGRN was highly expressed in activated macrophage/microglia and peaked at day 7 post-injury. Grn-/- mice showed a delayed neurological recovery after SCI at day 21, 28, 35, and 42 post-injury relative to WT controls. Histology, TUNEL assay, immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and ELISA all indicated that Grn-/- mice manifested uncontrolled and expanded inflammation and apoptosis. Administration of control-released Atsttrin could improve the neurological recovery and the pro-inflammatory/pro-apoptotic effect of PGRN deficiency. CONCLUSION PGRN deficiency exacerbates SCI by promoting neuroinflammation and cellular apoptosis, which can be alleviated by Atsttrin. Collectively, our data provide novel evidence of using PGRN derivatives as a promising therapeutic approach to improve the functional recovery for patients with spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10003, USA.,Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Jean De La Croix Ndong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Aubryanna Hettinghouse
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Guodong Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Changhong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Ronghan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Chuan-Ju Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10003, USA. .,Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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Sun F, Bi Q, Wang X, Liu J. Down‐regulation of mir‐27b promotes angiogenesis and fibroblast activation through activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Wound Repair Regen 2019; 28:39-48. [PMID: 31587435 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Furong Sun
- Department of Burn CosmetologyThe Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University Yantai 264000 China
| | - Qingxia Bi
- Department of Burn CosmetologyThe Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University Yantai 264000 China
| | - Xueming Wang
- Department of Burn CosmetologyThe Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University Yantai 264000 China
| | - Jingyan Liu
- Department of Burn CosmetologyThe Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University Yantai 264000 China
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Deshmukh AS, Peijs L, Beaudry JL, Jespersen NZ, Nielsen CH, Ma T, Brunner AD, Larsen TJ, Bayarri-Olmos R, Prabhakar BS, Helgstrand C, Severinsen MCK, Holst B, Kjaer A, Tang-Christensen M, Sanfridson A, Garred P, Privé GG, Pedersen BK, Gerhart-Hines Z, Nielsen S, Drucker DJ, Mann M, Scheele C. Proteomics-Based Comparative Mapping of the Secretomes of Human Brown and White Adipocytes Reveals EPDR1 as a Novel Batokine. Cell Metab 2019; 30:963-975.e7. [PMID: 31668873 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Adipokines secreted from white adipose tissue play a role in metabolic crosstalk and homeostasis, whereas the brown adipose secretome is less explored. We performed high-sensitivity mass-spectrometry-based proteomics on the cell media of human adipocytes derived from the supraclavicular brown adipose and from the subcutaneous white adipose depots of adult humans. We identified 471 potentially secreted proteins covering interesting categories such as hormones, growth factors, extracellular matrix proteins, and proteins of the complement system, which were differentially regulated between brown and white adipocytes. A total of 101 proteins were exclusively quantified in brown adipocytes, and among these was ependymin-related protein 1 (EPDR1). EPDR1 was detected in human plasma, and functional studies suggested a role for EPDR1 in thermogenic determination during adipogenesis. In conclusion, we report substantial differences between the secretomes of brown and white human adipocytes and identify novel candidate batokines that can be important regulators of human metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul S Deshmukh
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Lone Peijs
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark; The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Jacqueline L Beaudry
- The Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Naja Z Jespersen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Carsten H Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark; Minerva Imaging ApS, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Tao Ma
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Andreas D Brunner
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Therese J Larsen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Bhargav S Prabhakar
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | | | - Mai C K Severinsen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | | | | | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Gilbert G Privé
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Bente K Pedersen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Zachary Gerhart-Hines
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Søren Nielsen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Daniel J Drucker
- The Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark.
| | - Camilla Scheele
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark; The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
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79
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Li X, Cheng S, Hu H, Zhang X, Xu J, Wang R, Zhang P. Progranulin protects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury by inhibiting necroptosis and oxidative stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 521:569-576. [PMID: 31679689 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.09.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Nevertheless, its molecular mechanisms have not yet been adequately illustrated. Progranulin (PGRN) is a secreted glycoprotein with pleiotropic functions. In the present study, we found that PGRN expression was markedly reduced in mice after stroke onset through middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). We also showed that necroptosis was a mechanism underlying cerebral I/R injury. Importantly, PGRN knockdown in vivo significantly promoted the infarction volume and neurological deficits scores in mice after MCAO surgery. Necroptosis induced by MCAO was further accelerated by PGRN knockdown, as evidenced by the promoted expression of phosphorylated receptor-interacting protein (RIP) 1 kinase (RIPK1), RIPK3 and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL), which was accompanied with increased expression of cleaved Caspase-8 and Caspase-3. However, PGRN over-expression was neuroprotective. Additionally, PGRN-regulated ischemic stroke was related to ROS accumulation that MCAO-mice with PGRN knockdown exhibited severe oxidative stress, as proved by the aggravated malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) contents, and the decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. However, PGRN over-expression in mice with cerebral ischemia showed anti-oxidative effects. Finally, PGRN was found to attenuate oxidative damage partly via its regulatory effects on necroptosis. Therefore, promoting PGRN expression could reduced cerebral I/R-induced brain injury by suppressing neroptosis and associated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. These data elucidated that PGRN might provide an effective therapeutic treatment for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shaoli Cheng
- Basic Medical Experimental Teaching Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Basic Medical Experimental Teaching Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiehua Xu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengbo Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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80
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Wei F, Jiang Z, Sun H, Pu J, Sun Y, Wang M, Tong Q, Bi Y, Ma X, Gao GF, Liu J. Induction of PGRN by influenza virus inhibits the antiviral immune responses through downregulation of type I interferons signaling. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1008062. [PMID: 31585000 PMCID: PMC6795447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) play a critical role in host defense against influenza virus infection, and the mechanism of influenza virus to evade type I IFNs responses remains to be fully understood. Here, we found that progranulin (PGRN) was significantly increased both in vitro and in vivo during influenza virus infection. Using a PGRN knockdown assay and PGRN-deficient mice model, we demonstrated that influenza virus-inducing PGRN negatively regulated type I IFNs production by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and IRF3 signaling. Furthermore, we showed that PGRN directly interacted with NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO) via its Grn CDE domains. We also verified that PGRN recruited A20 to deubiquitinate K63-linked polyubiquitin chains on NEMO at K264. In addition, we found that macrophage played a major source of PGRN during influenza virus infection, and PGRN neutralizing antibodies could protect against influenza virus-induced lethality in mice. Our data identify a PGRN-mediated IFN evasion pathway exploited by influenza virus with implication in antiviral applications. These findings also provide insights into the functions and crosstalk of PGRN in innate immunity. The innate immune system is the first line of host defense against microbial infection, while viruses develop several strategies to evade the host defense. It is of great significance to explore the mechanism by which viruses to evade the antiviral host defense. Previous studies have found that progranulin (PGRN) plays an important role in a variety of physiologic and disease processes. Here, we demonstrated that PGRN induced by influenza virus negatively regulated type I IFN production by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and IRF3 signaling. We further showed that PGRN directly interacted with NEMO via its Grn CDE domains and recruited A20 to deubiquitinate K63-linked polyubiquitin chains on NEMO. Macrophage played a major source of PGRN during influenza virus infection, and PGRN neutralizing antibodies could protect against influenza virus-induced lethality in mice. Our findings highlight a new strategy whereby influenza virus to evade type I IFN-mediated antiviral immune response and also provide insights into the functions and crosstalk of PGRN in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanhua Wei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- * E-mail: (FW); (JL)
| | - Zhimin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Honglei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Pu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yipeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Tong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhai Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Influenza Research and Early-Warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - George Fu Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Influenza Research and Early-Warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (FW); (JL)
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81
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Huang A, Shinde PV, Huang J, Senff T, Xu HC, Margotta C, Häussinger D, Willnow TE, Zhang J, Pandyra AA, Timm J, Weggen S, Lang KS, Lang PA. Progranulin prevents regulatory NK cell cytotoxicity against antiviral T cells. JCI Insight 2019; 4:129856. [PMID: 31484831 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.129856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
`NK cell-mediated regulation of antigen-specific T cells can contribute to and exacerbate chronic viral infection, but the protective mechanisms against NK cell-mediated attack on T cell immunity are poorly understood. Here, we show that progranulin (PGRN) can reduce NK cell cytotoxicity through reduction of NK cell expansion, granzyme B transcription, and NK cell-mediated lysis of target cells. Following infection with the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), PGRN levels increased - a phenomenon dependent on the presence of macrophages and type I IFN signaling. Absence of PGRN in mice (Grn-/-) resulted in enhanced NK cell activity, increased NK cell-mediated killing of antiviral T cells, reduced antiviral T cell immunity, and increased viral burden, culminating in increased liver immunopathology. Depletion of NK cells restored antiviral immunity and alleviated pathology during infection in Grn-/- mice. In turn, PGRN treatment improved antiviral T cell immunity. Taken together, we identified PGRN as a critical factor capable of reducing NK cell-mediated attack of antiviral T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jun Huang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II and
| | - Tina Senff
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | - Dieter Häussinger
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas E Willnow
- Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jinping Zhang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Aleksandra A Pandyra
- Department of Molecular Medicine II and.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jörg Timm
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sascha Weggen
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl S Lang
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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82
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Schmitz K, Wilken-Schmitz A, Vasic V, Brunkhorst R, Schmidt M, Tegeder I. Progranulin deficiency confers resistance to autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 17:1077-1091. [PMID: 31467413 PMCID: PMC7609649 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0274-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Progranulin is a secreted neurotrophin that assists in the autophagolysosomal pathways that contribute to MHC-mediated antigen processing, pathogen removal, and autoimmunity. We showed that patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have high levels of circulating progranulin and that its depletion in a mouse model by a monoclonal antibody aggravates MS-like experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, unexpectedly, progranulin-deficient mice (Grn−/−) were resistant to EAE, and this resistance was fully restored by wild-type bone marrow transplantation. FACS analyses revealed a loss of MHC-II-positive antigen-presenting cells in Grn−/− mice and a reduction in the number of CD8+ and CD4+ T-cells along with a strong increase in the number of scavenger receptor class B (CD36+) phagocytes, suggesting defects in antigen presentation along with a compensatory increase in phagocytosis. Indeed, bone marrow-derived dendritic cells from Grn−/− mice showed stronger uptake of antigens but failed to elicit antigen-specific T-cell proliferation. An increase in the number of CD36+ phagocytes was associated with increased local inflammation at the site of immunization, stronger stimulation-evoked morphological transformation of bone marrow-derived macrophages to phagocytes, an increase in the phagocytosis of E. coli particles and latex beads and defects in the clearance of the material. Hence, the outcomes in the EAE model reflect the dichotomy of progranulin-mediated immune silencing and autoimmune mechanisms of antigen recognition and presentation, and our results reveal a novel progranulin-dependent pathway in autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Schmitz
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of the Medical Faculty, Goethe-University, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Annett Wilken-Schmitz
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of the Medical Faculty, Goethe-University, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Verica Vasic
- Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Robert Brunkhorst
- Department of Neurology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mirko Schmidt
- Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Irmgard Tegeder
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of the Medical Faculty, Goethe-University, Frankfurt (Main), Germany.
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83
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Li Y, Li S, Li Y, Xia H, Mao Q. Generation of a novel HEK293 luciferase reporter cell line by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated site-specific integration in the genome to explore the transcriptional regulation of the PGRN gene. Bioengineered 2019; 10:98-107. [PMID: 31023186 PMCID: PMC6527057 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2019.1607126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Progranulin has multiple functions in several physiological and pathological processes, including embryonic development, wound repair, tumorigenesis, inflammation and neurodegeneration. To investigate the transcriptional regulation of the PGRN gene, a luciferase knock-in reporter system was established in HEK293 cells by integrating luciferase gene in the genome controlled by the endogenous PGRN promoter using CRISPR/Cas9. PCR results demonstrated the site-specific integration of the exogenous luciferase gene into the genome. To validate the novel luciferase knock-in system, a CRISPR/Cas9 transcription activation/repression system for the PGRN gene was constructed and applied to the knock-in system. In addition, phorbol ester (phorbol 12-myristate, 13-acetate), previously reported as activating the expression of PGRN, was applied to the system. The results indicated that luciferase activity was directly correlated with the activity of the PGRN endogenous promoter. This novel system will be a useful tool for investigating the transcriptional regulation of PGRN, and it has great potential in screening the drugs targeting PGRN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Li
- a Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry , College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , P.R. China
| | - Sai Li
- a Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry , College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- a Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry , College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , P.R. China
| | - Haibin Xia
- a Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry , College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , P.R. China
| | - Qinwen Mao
- b Department of Pathology , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA
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84
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The Adipokine Network in Rheumatic Joint Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174091. [PMID: 31443349 PMCID: PMC6747092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatic diseases encompass a diverse group of chronic disorders that commonly affect musculoskeletal structures. Osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are the two most common, leading to considerable functional limitations and irreversible disability when patients are unsuccessfully treated. Although the specific causes of many rheumatic conditions remain unknown, it is generally accepted that immune mechanisms and/or uncontrolled inflammatory responses are involved in their etiology and symptomatology. In this regard, the bidirectional communication between neuroendocrine and immune system has been demonstrated to provide a homeostatic network that is involved in several pathological conditions. Adipokines represent a wide variety of bioactive, immune and inflammatory mediators mainly released by adipocytes that act as signal molecules in the neuroendocrine-immune interactions. Adipokines can also be synthesized by synoviocytes, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, chondrocytes and inflammatory cells in the joint microenvironment, showing potent modulatory properties on different effector cells in OA and RA pathogenesis. Effects of adiponectin, leptin, resistin and visfatin on local and systemic inflammation are broadly described. However, more recently, other adipokines, such as progranulin, chemerin, lipocalin-2, vaspin, omentin-1 and nesfatin, have been recognized to display immunomodulatory actions in rheumatic diseases. This review highlights the latest relevant findings on the role of the adipokine network in the pathophysiology of OA and RA.
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85
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De A, Dutta TK, Ali MA, Behera P, Gali JM. Systematic evaluation of species-independent serum pre-fractionation strategies revealed cost-effective methods to reduce proteome complexity. Anal Biochem 2019; 584:113388. [PMID: 31404526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.113388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the efficiency of one commercial (ProteoMiner™ -PM) and five simple and cost-effective laboratory chemicals (Acetone, TCA/acetone, DTT, ACN and DTT-ACN) based serum protein pre-fractionation strategies was compared in pig model by label-free quantitation based mass spectrometric approach to find out the most suitable strategy for reducing the complexity of serum proteome for subsequent proteomic studies. The highest serum protein depletion percentage and highest depletion of albumin, the most abundant serum protein, was observed in DTT-ACN method. The maximum number of serum proteins was identified in ACN followed by DTT-ACN method and importantly, detection of more number of low-abundant proteins (LAPs) could also be achieved by these two methods. Although PM method resulted into lowest dynamic range of protein abundance, quite a less number of proteins were identified by this method. Overall, sequential depletion using DTT-ACN and ACN methods provided advantage of simultaneous detection of more number of proteins along with LAPs with a reasonably high dynamic range of protein abundances over other methods and thus emerged as cheaper and effective alternatives to the commercial methods. Further, these methods are species-independent and hence can be applied in human and in any livestock species to simplify the serum proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankan De
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796014, India
| | - Tapan Kumar Dutta
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796014, India
| | - Mohammad Ayub Ali
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796014, India
| | - Parthasarathi Behera
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796014, India
| | - Jagan Mohanarao Gali
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796014, India.
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86
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Yang T, Zhang X, Chen A, Xiao Y, Sun S, Yan J, Cao Y, Chen J, Li F, Zhang Q, Huang K. Progranulin Promotes Bleomycin-Induced Skin Sclerosis by Enhancing Transforming Growth Factor–β/Smad3 Signaling through Up-Regulation of Transforming Growth Factor–β Type I Receptor. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:1582-1593. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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87
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Quaranta V, Schmid MC. Macrophage-Mediated Subversion of Anti-Tumour Immunity. Cells 2019; 8:E747. [PMID: 31331034 PMCID: PMC6678757 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the incredible clinical benefits obtained by the use of immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs), resistance is still common for many types of cancer. Central for ICBs to work is activation and infiltration of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells following tumour-antigen recognition. However, it is now accepted that even in the case of immunogenic tumours, the effector functions of CD8+ T cells are highly compromised by the presence of an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME) at the tumour site. Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) are among the most abundant non-malignant stromal cell types within the TME and they are crucial drivers of tumour progression, metastasis and resistance to therapy. TAMs are able to regulate either directly or indirectly various aspects of tumour immunity, including T cell recruitment and functions. In this review we discuss the mechanisms by which TAMs subvert CD8+ T cell immune surveillance and how their targeting in combination with ICBs represents a very powerful therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Quaranta
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Michael C Schmid
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK.
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88
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Zhou X, Paushter DH, Pagan MD, Kim D, Nunez Santos M, Lieberman RL, Overkleeft HS, Sun Y, Smolka MB, Hu F. Progranulin deficiency leads to reduced glucocerebrosidase activity. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212382. [PMID: 31291241 PMCID: PMC6619604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation in the GRN gene, encoding the progranulin (PGRN) protein, shows a dose-dependent disease correlation, wherein haploinsufficiency results in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and complete loss results in neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL). Although the exact function of PGRN is unknown, it has been increasingly implicated in lysosomal physiology. Here we report that PGRN interacts with the lysosomal enzyme, glucocerebrosidase (GCase), and is essential for proper GCase activity. GCase activity is significantly reduced in tissue lysates from PGRN-deficient mice. This is further evidence that reduced lysosomal hydrolase activity may be a pathological mechanism in cases of GRN-related FTLD and NCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolai Zhou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Daniel H. Paushter
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Mitchell D. Pagan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Dongsung Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Mariela Nunez Santos
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Raquel L. Lieberman
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, NW, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Herman S. Overkleeft
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories, RA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ying Sun
- Division of Human Genetics; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Marcus B. Smolka
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Fenghua Hu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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89
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Covalent conjugates of granulin-epithelial precursor-siRNA with arginine-rich peptide for improved stability and intracellular delivery in hepatoma cells. Mol Cell Toxicol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-019-0028-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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90
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Chen Q, Cai J, Li X, Song A, Guo H, Sun Q, Yang C, Yang P. Progranulin Promotes Regeneration of Inflammatory Periodontal Bone Defect in Rats via Anti-inflammation, Osteoclastogenic Inhibition, and Osteogenic Promotion. Inflammation 2019; 42:221-234. [PMID: 30187338 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0886-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Progranulin (PGRN) has been proved to play a crucial role in anti-inflammation and osteogenesis promotion; thus, it was hypothesized that PGRN could promote bone regeneration in periodontal disease. In this experiment, the periodontal bone defects were established in periodontitis rats; recombinant human progranulin (rhPGRN), tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor (anti-TNF-α), or phosphate buffer saline (PBS)-loaded collagen membrane scaffolds were implanted within defects and the rats were sacrificed at scheduled time points. Volume of new bone was assessed by radiological and histomorphometric analyses. Expression of osteogenesis-related markers and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was also performed to determine the number of osteoclasts. Immunofluorescence (IF) staining was performed to explore the interaction between rhPGRN and tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFRs). The results showed that the rhPGRN group had significantly superior quantity and quality of newly formed bone, higher expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and TNFR2 compared with the PBS group and the anti-TNF-α group. Similarly to the anti-TNF-α group, the rhPGRN group also exhibited the significant inhibitory effect on the expression of TNF-α and the number of TRAP-positive cells compared with the PBS group. Hence, our experiment suggests that PGRN promotes regeneration of inflammatory periodontal bone defect in rats via anti-inflammation, osteoclastogenic inhibition, and osteogenic promotion. Local administration of PGRN may provide a new therapeutic strategy for periodontal bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Periodontology, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Aimei Song
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hongmei Guo
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qinfeng Sun
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chengzhe Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Qilu Hospital, and Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Pishan Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China. .,Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China. .,Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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91
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Wang C, Wang B, Wang B, Wang Q, Liu G, Fan C, Zhang L. A novel granulin homologue isolated from the jellyfish Cyanea capillata promotes proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells through the ERK1/2-signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 135:212-225. [PMID: 31108149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Jellyfish grow rapidly and have a strong regenerative ability, indicating that they may express high levels of growth factors. Therefore, the aim of this research was to isolate the growth-promoting components from the jellyfish Cyanea capillata (C. capillata) and to further explore the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we first isolated and identified a novel polypeptide from C. capillata tentacles using size-exclusion chromatography followed by reverse-phase HPLC. This peptide, consisting of 58 amino acids (MW 5782.9 Da), belonged to the granulin (GRN) family of growth factors; thus, we named it Cyanea capillata granulin-1 (CcGRN-1). Second, using CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry, we verified that CcGRN-1 at the 0.5 μg/ml concentration could promote cell proliferation and increase the expression of cell-cycle proteins (CyclinB1 and CyclinD1). Third, signaling pathways studies showed that CcGRN-1 could activate the PI3K/Akt- and ERK1/2 MAPK-signaling pathways but not the JNK MAPK- or NF-κB-signaling pathways. Subsequently, we further confirmed that the CcGRN-1-induced cell proliferation and migration were associated only with the ERK1/2 MAPK-signaling pathway. Considering all of these factors, CcGRN-1, as the first jellyfish-derived GRN homologue, possesses growth-promoting properties and may be a candidate for novel therapeutics to promote human wound healing in unfavorable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Medical University, Xiangyin Road No.800, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Beilei Wang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Medical University, Xiangyin Road No.800, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Medical University, Xiangyin Road No.800, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Medical University, Xiangyin Road No.800, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guoyan Liu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Medical University, Xiangyin Road No.800, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chongxu Fan
- Beijing Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Wennan Road No.59, Beijing 102205, China.
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Medical University, Xiangyin Road No.800, Shanghai 200433, China.
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92
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Type-II endometrial cancer: role of adipokines. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2019; 300:239-249. [PMID: 31062150 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-019-05181-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type-II endometrial cancer is an estrogen independent and one of the most lethal types of cancer having poor prognosis. Adipokines play a crucial role in the triggering Type-II EMC. In addition, adipokines modulators, therefore, may have beneficial effects in the treatment of Type-II endometrial cancer, which was clinically evidenced. AREAS COVERED This review presents the role of various adipokines involved and also the suitable modulators to treat Type-II endometrial cancer. CONCLUSION In the present review, we try to discuss the role of individual adipokines in the pathogenesis of Type-II endometrial cancer, and also the possible beneficial effects of adipokines modulator in the treatment of Type-II endometrial cancer.
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93
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Yin H, Chen CY, Liu YW, Tan YJ, Deng ZL, Yang F, Huang FY, Wen C, Rao SS, Luo MJ, Hu XK, Liu ZZ, Wang ZX, Cao J, Liu HM, Liu JH, Yue T, Tang SY, Xie H. Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942 secretes extracellular vesicles to accelerate cutaneous wound healing by promoting angiogenesis. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:2678-2693. [PMID: 31131061 PMCID: PMC6525994 DOI: 10.7150/thno.31884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor wound healing affects millions of people worldwide each year and needs better therapeutic strategies. Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 is a naturally occurring photoautotrophic cyanobacterium that can be easily obtained and large-scale expanded. Here, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of this cyanobacterium in a mouse model of acute burn injury and whether the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs), important mediators of cell paracrine activity, is a key mechanism of the cyanobacterium-induced regulation of wound healing. Methods: The effects of Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 on burn wound healing in mice under light or dark conditions were evaluated by measuring wound closure rates, histological and immunofluorescence analyses. A series of assays in vivo and in vitro were conducted to assess the impact of the cyanobacterium on angiogenesis. GW4869 was used to interfere with the secretion of EVs by the cyanobacterium and the abilities of the GW4869-pretreated and untreated Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 to regulate endothelial angiogenesis were compared. The direct effects of the cyanobacterium-derived EVs (S. elongatus-EVs) on angiogenesis, wound healing and expressions of a class of pro-inflammatory factors that have regulatory roles in wound healing were also examined. Results: Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 treatment under light and dark conditions both significantly promoted angiogenesis and burn wound repair in mice. In vitro, the cyanobacterium enhanced angiogenic activities of endothelial cells, but the effects were markedly blocked by GW4869 pretreatment. S. elongatus-EVs were capable of augmenting endothelial angiogenesis in vitro, and stimulating new blood vessel formation and burn wound healing in mice. The expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6), which has an essential role in angiogenesis during skin wound repair, was induced in wound tissues and wound healing-related cells by S. elongatus-EVs and Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942. Conclusion: Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 has the potential as a promising strategy for therapeutic angiogenesis and wound healing primarily by the delivery of functional EVs, not by its photosynthetic activity. The promotion of IL-6 expression may be a mechanism of the cyanobacterium and its EVs-induced pro-angiogenic and -wound healing effects.
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94
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Zainal Z, Abdul Rahim A, Khaza'ai H, Chang SK. Effects of Palm Oil Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction (TRF) and Carotenes in Ovalbumin (OVA)-Challenged Asthmatic Brown Norway Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071764. [PMID: 30974772 PMCID: PMC6480080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic therapeutic drugs for asthma, a chronic airway inflammation characterised by strong eosinophil, mast cell, and lymphocyte infiltration, mucus hyper-production, and airway hyper-responsiveness, exhibit numerous side effects. Alternatively, the high antioxidant potential of palm oil phytonutrients, including vitamin E (tocotrienol-rich fractions; TRF) and carotene, may be beneficial for alleviating asthma. Here, we determined the therapeutic efficacy of TRF, carotene, and dexamethasone in ovalbumin-challenged allergic asthma in Brown Norway rats. Asthmatic symptoms fully developed within 8 days after the second sensitization, and were preserved throughout the time course via intranasal ovalbumin re-challenge. Asthmatic rats were then orally administered 30 mg/kg body weight TRF or carotene. TRF-treated animals exhibited reduced inflammatory cells in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid. TRF- and carotene-treated rats exhibited notable white blood cell reduction comparable to that from dexamethasone. TRF- and carotene-treatment also downregulated pro-inflammatory markers (IL-β, IL-6, TNF-α), coincident with anti-inflammatory marker IL-4 and IL-13 upregulation. Treatment significantly reduced asthmatic rat plasma CRP and IgE, signifying improved systemic inflammation. Asthmatic lung histology displayed severe edema and inflammatory cell infiltration in the bronchial wall, whereas treated animals retained healthy, normal-appearing lungs. The phytonutrients tocotrienol and carotene thus exhibit potential benefits for consumption as nutritional adjuncts in asthmatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaida Zainal
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor 43000, Malaysia.
| | | | - Huzwah Khaza'ai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Sui Kiat Chang
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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95
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Cai J, Qi Q, Qian X, Han J, Zhu X, Zhang Q, Xia R. The role of PD-1/PD-L1 axis and macrophage in the progression and treatment of cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:1377-1385. [PMID: 30963235 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-02879-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE During the past decades, PD-1/PD-L1 axis blockade has become a remarkable promising therapy which has exerted durable anti-tumor effect and long-term remissions on part of cancers. However, there are still some patients which do not show good response to the PD-1/PD-L1 targeted monotherapy. Till now, the widely accepted anti-tumor mechanism of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade is rejuvenating T cells, there is lack of studies which focus on other components of the tumor environment in the treatment of cancer with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, especially the complicated relationship between macrophages and PD-1/PD-L1 pathway during the progression and treatment of cancer. METHODS The relevant literatures from PubMed have been reviewed in this article. RESULTS Even though the widely accepted anti-tumor mechanism of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy is rejuvenating T cells, latest studies have demonstrated the complicated relationship between macrophages and PD-1/PD-L1 pathway during the progression and treatment of cancer and their engagement has serious implications for the therapeutic effect of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade agents. We focus on the dual regulation mechanisms between PD-1/PD-L1 axis and macrophages, and further clarify the mechanisms of resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors related with macrophages. CONCLUSION The combination of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade and macrophage-targeted therapy will exert synergetic anti-tumor effect and shape the future of cancer immunology and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Cai
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Qi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemeng Qian
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Han
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinfang Zhu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rong Xia
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.
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96
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Microglial Progranulin: Involvement in Alzheimer's Disease and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030230. [PMID: 30862089 PMCID: PMC6468562 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease have proven resistant to new treatments. The complexity of neurodegenerative disease mechanisms can be highlighted by accumulating evidence for a role for a growth factor, progranulin (PGRN). PGRN is a glycoprotein encoded by the GRN/Grn gene with multiple cellular functions, including neurotrophic, anti-inflammatory and lysosome regulatory properties. Mutations in the GRN gene can lead to frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), a cause of dementia, and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL), a lysosomal storage disease. Both diseases are associated with loss of PGRN function resulting, amongst other features, in enhanced microglial neuroinflammation and lysosomal dysfunction. PGRN has also been implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Unlike FTLD, increased expression of PGRN occurs in brains of human AD cases and AD model mice, particularly in activated microglia. How microglial PGRN might be involved in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases will be discussed. A unifying feature of PGRN in diseases might be its modulation of lysosomal function in neurons and microglia. Many experimental models have focused on consequences of PGRN gene deletion: however, possible outcomes of increasing PGRN on microglial inflammation and neurodegeneration will be discussed. We will also suggest directions for future studies on PGRN and microglia in relation to neurodegenerative diseases.
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97
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Elkabets M, Brook S. Methods to Study the Role of Progranulin in the Tumor Microenvironment. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1806:155-176. [PMID: 29956276 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8559-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Accurate measurement of progranulin (PGRN) in the circulation and in the tumor microenvironment is essential for understanding its role in cancer progression and metastasis. This chapter describes a number of approaches to measure the transcription level of the GRN gene and to detect and analyze PGRN expression in cancer cells and in the local environment of the tumor, in mouse and human samples. These validated protocols are utilized to investigate the functional role of PGRN in cancer. Finally, we discuss strategies to investigate the functions of PGRN in tumors using genetically modified mouse models and gene silencing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Elkabets
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
| | - Samuel Brook
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (HOPP), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Abstract
Progranulin (PGRN) has been reported to be associated with cell proliferation, cell growth, wound healing, and inflammation. PGRN mutations are known to be related to dementia. However, the association between PGRN and atherosclerosis remains to be elucidated. Therefore, we generated PGRN-/-ApoE-/- mice to analyze the effect of PGRN on the development of atherosclerosis.
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Ferrari R, Manzoni C, Hardy J. Genetics and molecular mechanisms of frontotemporal lobar degeneration: an update and future avenues. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 78:98-110. [PMID: 30925302 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is the second most common form of dementia after Alzheimer's disease. The study and the dissection of FTLD is complex due to its clinical, pathological, and genetic heterogeneity. In this review, we survey the state-of-the-art genetics of familial FTLD and recapitulate our current understanding of the genetic architecture of sporadic FTLD by summarizing results of genome-wide association studies performed in FTLD to date. We then discuss the challenges of translating these heterogeneous genetic features into the understanding of the molecular underpinnings of FTLD pathogenesis. We particularly highlight a number of susceptibility processes that appear to be conserved across familial and sporadic cases (e.g., and the cellular waste disposal pathways, and immune system signaling) and finally describe cutting-edge approaches, based on mathematical prediction tools, highlighting novel intriguing risk pathways such as DNA damage response as an emerging theme in FTLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Ferrari
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London, Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
| | - Claudia Manzoni
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London, Institute of Neurology, London, UK; School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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Cui Y, Hettinghouse A, Liu CJ. Progranulin: A conductor of receptors orchestra, a chaperone of lysosomal enzymes and a therapeutic target for multiple diseases. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 45:53-64. [PMID: 30733059 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Progranulin (PGRN), a widely expressed glycoprotein with pleiotropic function, has been linked to a host of physiological processes and diverse pathological states. A series of contemporary preclinical disease models and clinical trials have evaluated various therapeutic strategies targeting PGRN, highlighting PGRN as a promising therapeutic target. Herein we summarize available knowledge of PGRN targeting in various kinds of diseases, including common neurological diseases, inflammatory autoimmune diseases, cancer, tissue repair, and rare lysosomal storage diseases, with a focus on the functional domain-oriented drug development strategies. In particular, we emphasize the role of extracellular PGRN as a non-conventional, extracellular matrix bound, growth factor-like conductor orchestrating multiple membrane receptors and intracellular PGRN as a chaperone/co-chaperone that mediates the folding and traffic of its various binding partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Cui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10003, USA; Shandong Medical Biotechnological Center, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, China
| | - Aubryanna Hettinghouse
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Chuan-Ju Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10003, USA; Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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