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Amali RKA, Lim HN, Ibrahim I, Zainal Z, Ahmad SAA. A copper-based metal-organic framework decorated with electrodeposited Fe 2O 3 nanoparticles for electrochemical nitrite sensing. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:356. [PMID: 36038741 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05450-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
An amperometric nitrite sensor is reported based on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified with copper(II)-benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate (Cu-BDC) frameworks and iron(III) oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs). First, copper(I) oxide (Cu2O) nanocubes were synthesized, followed by a solvothermal reaction between Cu2O and H2BDC to form square plate-like Cu-BDC frameworks. Then, Fe2O3 NPs were electrodeposited on Cu-BDC frameworks using a potentiostatic method. The Fe2O3@Cu-BDC nanocomposite benefits from high conductivity and large active surface area, offering excellent electrocatalytic activity for nitrite oxidation. Under optimal amperometric conditions (0.55 V vs. Ag/AgCl), the sensor has a linear range of 1 to 2000 µM with a detection limit of 0.074 µM (S/N = 3) and sensitivity of 220.59 µA mM-1 cm-2. The sensor also provides good selectivity and reproducibility (RSD = 1.91%, n = 5). Furthermore, the sensor exhibits long-term stability, retaining 91.4% of its original current after 4 weeks of storage at room temperature. Finally, assessing nitrite in tap and mineral water samples revealed that the Fe2O3@Cu-BDC/SPCE has a promising prospect in amperometric nitrite detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K A Amali
- Foundry of Reticular Materials of Sustainably Laboratory & Functional Nanotechnology Devices Laboratory, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - H N Lim
- Foundry of Reticular Materials of Sustainably Laboratory & Functional Nanotechnology Devices Laboratory, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - I Ibrahim
- Foundry of Reticular Materials of Sustainably Laboratory & Functional Nanotechnology Devices Laboratory, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Z Zainal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S A A Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Amali R, Lim H, Ibrahim I, Zainal Z, Ahmad S. Silver nanoparticles-loaded copper (II)-terephthalate framework nanocomposite as a screen-printed carbon electrode modifier for amperometric nitrate detection. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zainal Z, Khaza'ai H, Kutty Radhakrishnan A, Chang SK. Therapeutic potential of palm oil vitamin E-derived tocotrienols in inflammation and chronic diseases: Evidence from preclinical and clinical studies. Food Res Int 2022; 156:111175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Stanislaus R, Subdran R, Nazrul M, Tey Y, Palaniappan G, Shaparudin A, Sundarajoo M, Yong T, Quah W, Kaniappan K, Nurrudin A, Zainal Z. Chronic total occlusions treated with paclitaxel drug eluting balloons – a single centre experience. Int J Cardiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.10.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ali MSM, Zainal Z, Hussein MZ, Wahid MH, Bahrudin NN, Muzakir MM, Jalil R. Porous carboxymethyl cellulose carbon of lignocellulosic based materials incorporated manganese oxide for supercapacitor application. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 180:654-666. [PMID: 33722623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The present work developed porous carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) carbon film from lignocellulosic based materials as supercapacitor electrode. Porous CMC carbon films of bamboo (B) and oil palm empty fruit bunch (O) were prepared through simple incipient wetness impregnation method followed by calcination process before incorporation with manganese oxide (Mn2O3). The carbonization produced porous CMC carbon whereby CMCB exhibited higher surface area than CMCO. After Mn2O3 incorporation, the crystallite size of CMCB and CMCO were calculated as 50.09 nm and 42.76 nm, respectively whereas Mn2O3/CMCB and Mn2O3/CMCO composite films were revealed to be 26.71 nm and 35.60 nm in size, respectively. Comparatively, the Mn2O3/CMCB composite film exhibited higher electrochemical performance which was 31.98 mF cm-2 as compared to 24.15 mF cm-2 by Mn2O3/CMCO composite film and both CMC carbon films with fairly stable cycling stability after 1000 charge-discharge cycles. Therefore, it can be highlighted that Mn2O3/CMC composite film as prepared from bamboo and oil palm fruit can potentially become the new electrode materials for supercapacitor application.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S M Ali
- Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Forest Product Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109 Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Z Zainal
- Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - M Z Hussein
- Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M H Wahid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N N Bahrudin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M M Muzakir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gombe State University, Gombe PMB 127, Nigeria
| | - R Jalil
- Forest Product Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109 Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia
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6
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Guo HF, Mohd Ali R, Abd Hamid R, Chang SK, Rahman MH, Zainal Z, Khaza'ai H. Epidermal Growth Factor and Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction Cream Formulation Accelerates Burn Healing Process Based on Its Gene Expression Pattern in Deep Partial-Thickness Burn Wound Model. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2020; 21:544-554. [PMID: 33241700 DOI: 10.1177/1534734620971066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study has demonstrated that epidermal growth factor (EGF) with tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) cream formulation accelerating postburn wound healing with deep partial-thickness burn in rats. Current study was conducted to determine the gene expression levels related to burn wound healing process. A total of 180 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: untreated control, treated with Silverdin cream, base cream, base cream with 0.00075% EGF, base cream with 3% TRF or base cream with 0.00075% EGF, and 3% TRF, respectively. Burn wounds were created and the above-mentioned creams were applied once daily. Six animals from each group were sacrificed on days 3, 7, 11, 14, and 21 postburn. RNA was extracted from wound tissues and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyze the 9 wound healing-related genes against time postburn. Results demonstrated that topically applied EGF + TRF formulation downregulated the expression levels of IL-6 (interluekin-6), TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α) and iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) throughout the whole healing process. TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor-β) and VEGF-A (vascular endothelial growth factor-A) were reduced on day 14 postburn. On the contrary, increased expression of Collagen-1 in the early stage of wound healing was observed with no effects on epidemal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The results showed beneficial application of EGF + TRF cream in the treatment of burn wound since it accelerated wound healing by relieving oxidative stress, decreasing inflammation, and promoting proper tissue modelling in the burn wound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fang Guo
- Chengde Medical University, Chengde Hebei, China.,Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Sui Kiat Chang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Zaida Zainal
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Chiroma AA, Khaza’ai H, Abd. Hamid R, Chang SK, Zakaria ZA, Zainal Z. Analysis of expression of vitamin E-binding proteins in H2O2 induced SK-N-SH neuronal cells supplemented with α-tocopherol and tocotrienol-rich fraction. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241112. [PMID: 33232330 PMCID: PMC7685504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural α-tocopherol (α-TCP), but not tocotrienol, is preferentially retained in the human body. α-Tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP) is responsible for binding α-TCP for cellular uptake and has high affinity and specificity for α-TCP but not α-tocotrienol. The purpose of this study was to examine the modification of α-TTP together with other related vitamin E-binding genes (i.e., TTPA, SEC14L2, and PI-TPNA) in regulating vitamin E uptake in neuronal cells at rest and under oxidative stress. Oxidative stress was induced with H2O2 for an hour which was followed by supplementation with different ratios of α-TCP and tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) for four hours. The cellular levels of vitamin E were quantified to determine bioavailability at cellular levels. The expression levels of TTPA, SEC14L2, and PI-TPNA genes in 0% α-TCP were found to be positively correlated with the levels of vitamin E in resting neuronal cells. In addition, the regulation of all the above-mentioned genes affect the distribution of vitamin E in the neuronal cells. It was observed that, increased levels of α-TCP secretion occur under oxidative stress. Thus, our results showed that in conclusion vitamin E-binding proteins may be modified in the absence of α-TCP to produce tocotrienols (TCT), as a source of vitamin E. The current study suggests that the expression levels of vitamin E transport proteins may influence the cellular concentrations of vitamin E levels in the neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishatu Ali Chiroma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Huzwah Khaza’ai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| | - Roslida Abd. Hamid
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sui Kiat Chang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (IPROMISE), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zaida Zainal
- Nutrition Unit, Product Development and Advisory Services Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Selangor, Malaysia
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Guo HF, Mohd Ali R, Abd Hamid R, Chang SK, Zainal Z, Khaza’ai H. A new histological score grade for deep partial-thickness burn wound healing process. Int J Burns Trauma 2020; 10:218-224. [PMID: 33224609 PMCID: PMC7675209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Burns are injuries on the skin or other tissues. Burns are divided into superficial, partial, and full-thickness, characterized by the depth of the affected tissues. Histological analysis is critical to assess the burn wound healing process. Thus, a systematic evaluation system is imperative for burn research. In the present study, a total of thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups. Deep partial-thickness burn wound was induced on the dorsal part of the rats. Six animals from each group were sacrificed on the 3rd, 7th, 11th, 14th and 21st day post-burn, respectively. Half of the wound tissue was immediately fixed in buffered neutral formalin for hematoxylin & eosin staining. The healing of the epidermis was evaluated with scores ranging from 0 to 7 based on the state of crust on wound surface, the degree of epithelialization as well as the formation of rete ridges. Meanwhile, healing of the dermis was also evaluated with scores ranging from 0 to 7 according to the proportion of adipose cells, inflammatory cells and fibroblasts, the state of collagen deposition as well as the formation of hair follicles. Furthermore, temporal changes of histological score of epidermis and dermis in the skin tissue with deep partial-thickness burn was evaluated. In conclusion, a new comprehensive system for assessing microscopic changes in the healing process of deep partial-thickness burn wound in hematoxylin & eosin staining slides was established, which simplified the scoring process and helped to obtain reproducible and accurate results in the burn study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fang Guo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Chengde Medical UniversityChengde 067000, Hebei, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Razana Mohd Ali
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Roslida Abd Hamid
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Sui Kiat Chang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650, China
| | - Zaida Zainal
- Nutrition Unit, Product Development and Advisory Services Division, Malaysian Palm Oil BoardBandar Baru Bangi, Selangor 43000, Malaysia
| | - Huzwah Khaza’ai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang 43400, Malaysia
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Zainal Z, Ong A, Yuen May C, Chang SK, Abdul Rahim A, Khaza’ai H. Acute and Subchronic Oral Toxicity of Oil Palm Puree in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17103404. [PMID: 32414159 PMCID: PMC7277154 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Palm puree is rich in antioxidants and is produced via blending various proportions of mesocarp fibre and crude palm oil. The aim of this study was to assess the acute and subchronic toxicity of palm puree in male and female Sprague–Dawley rats. For the acute toxicity study, animals administered single palm-puree doses (2000 mg kg−1) by gavage were observed daily for 14 d. For the subchronic toxicity study, the rats were administered 500, 1000, or 2000 mg kg−1 palm puree daily for 28 d. We evaluated body and organ weights; performed haematological, biochemical, and histopathological analyses of blood and organ samples during and after treatment; and calculated the oral no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL). The toxicity studies showed no signs of toxicity or mortality. The haematological, biochemical, and histopathological analyses and body and organ weights indicated no evidence of substantial toxicity at any dose of palm puree. The oral lethal dose and NOAEL for the palm puree were greater than 2000 mg kg−1 d−1 over 28 d. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to confirm the safety of palm puree as a novel functional food. These encouraging results warrant further studies to elucidate its potential for pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaida Zainal
- Nutrition Unit, Product Development and Advisory Services Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor 43000, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-387-694-935; Fax: +60-389-221-742
| | - Augustine Ong
- MOSTA, C3A-10, 4th Floor, Damansara Intan, No. 1, Jalan SS20/27, Selangor 47400, Malaysia; (A.O.); (C.Y.M.)
| | - Choo Yuen May
- MOSTA, C3A-10, 4th Floor, Damansara Intan, No. 1, Jalan SS20/27, Selangor 47400, Malaysia; (A.O.); (C.Y.M.)
| | - Sui Kiat Chang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China;
| | - Afiqah Abdul Rahim
- Nutrition Unit, Product Development and Advisory Services Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor 43000, Malaysia;
| | - Huzwah Khaza’ai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
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Guo HF, Mohd. Ali R, Abd. Hamid R, Chang SK, Rahman MH, Zainal Z, Khaza’ai H. Temporal changes in the cell population and wound healing-related gene expression in deep partial-thickness burn wound model. biomed dermatol 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s41702-020-0059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Burns are injuries that lie on the skin or other organic tissues caused by exposures to the heat, electricity, chemicals or ionizing radiation. The present study was carried out to record temporal changes in the cell population and wound healing-related gene expression in rats with deep partial-thickness burn.
Methods
Burn wound was induced on the dorsal part of Sprague-Dawley rats using temperature-regulated 20-mm wide aluminum head heating device. Animals were then sacrificed on days three, seven, 11, 14 and 21 post-burn, respectively. Half of the wounded skin tissues were dissected and fixed in buffered neutral formalin for Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) staining, and the other half were cut off and stored in − 20 °C for real-time PCR analyses.
Results
The number of adipose cells was found to be maximal on the 3rd day post-burn, and it gradually decreased over time and completely disappeared on day 11 post-burn. The maximum number of neutrophils were found to be on the 3rd and 14th day post-burn, while the maximum number of myofibroblasts were found on the 11th day post-burn. The number of lymphocytes did not change too much during the whole healing process. At the gene expression level, the expression pattern of inflammation-related genes including IL-6, TNF-α and iNOS were similar, which was found to be increased from day 3 to day 11 and decreased thereafter. Angiogenesis related genes including both VEGF-A and TGF-β1 showed a same expression pattern, both of which were slightly increased from day 3 to day 14 and smoothly decreased on day 21 post-burn. Matrix re-modeling related genes including MMP-2, TIMP-2 and Collagen-1 changed over time synchronously, where they all persistently increased from day 3 till day 14, then slightly declined on day 21 post-burn.
Conclusion
The present study revealed the changes in the cell population and expression profile of wound healing-related genes in deep partial-thickness burn, which could provide a cellular and genomic basis for the future research of burn injuries.
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Zaulkffali AS, Md Razip NN, Syed Alwi SS, Abd Jalil A, Abd Mutalib MS, Gopalsamy B, Chang SK, Zainal Z, Ibrahim NN, Zakaria ZA, Khaza'ai H. Vitamins D and E Stimulate the PI3K-AKT Signalling Pathway in Insulin-Resistant SK-N-SH Neuronal Cells. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102525. [PMID: 31635074 PMCID: PMC6836113 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of vitamins D and E on an insulin-resistant model and hypothesized that this treatment would reverse the effects of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and improves insulin signalling. An insulin-resistant model was induced in SK-N-SH neuronal cells with a treatment of 250 nM insulin and re-challenged with 100 nM at two different incubation time (16 h and 24 h). The effects of vitamin D (10 and 20 ng/mL), vitamin E in the form of tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) (200 ng/mL) and the combination of vitamins D and E on insulin signalling markers (IR, PI3K, GLUT3, GLUT4, and p-AKT), glucose uptake and AD markers (GSK3β and TAU) were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results demonstrated an improvement of the insulin signalling pathway upon treatment with vitamin D alone, with significant increases in IR, PI3K, GLUT3, GLUT4 expression levels, as well as AKT phosphorylation and glucose uptake, while GSK3β and TAU expression levels was decreased significantly. On the contrary, vitamin E alone, increased p-AKT, reduced the ROS as well as GSK3β and TAU but had no effect on the insulin signalling expression levels. The combination of vitamins D and E only showed significant increase in GLUT4, p-AKT, reduced ROS as well as GSK3β and TAU. Thus, the universal role of vitamin D, E alone and in combinations could be the potential nutritional agents in restoring the sensitivity of neuronal cells towards insulin and delaying the pathophysiological progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirah Salwani Zaulkffali
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Nurliyana Najwa Md Razip
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Sharifah Sakinah Syed Alwi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Afifah Abd Jalil
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Sokhini Abd Mutalib
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Banulata Gopalsamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Sui Kiat Chang
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
| | - Zaida Zainal
- Nutrition Unit, Product Development and Advisory Services Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Bandar Baru Bangi 43000, Malaysia.
| | - Nafissa Nadia Ibrahim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Huzwah Khaza'ai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
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Mushahar L, Ahmad M, Mohd Yunus N, Abdullah N, Zainal Z. SUN-076 DRESSING VS NON-DRESSING OF EXIT SITE IN PERITONEAL DIALYSIS PATIENTS: A 5-YEARS EXPERIENCE. Kidney Int Rep 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2019.05.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Zainal Z, Abdul Rahim A, Khaza'ai H, Chang SK. Effects of Palm Oil Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction (TRF) and Carotenes in Ovalbumin (OVA)-Challenged Asthmatic Brown Norway Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071764. [PMID: 30974772 PMCID: PMC6480080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic therapeutic drugs for asthma, a chronic airway inflammation characterised by strong eosinophil, mast cell, and lymphocyte infiltration, mucus hyper-production, and airway hyper-responsiveness, exhibit numerous side effects. Alternatively, the high antioxidant potential of palm oil phytonutrients, including vitamin E (tocotrienol-rich fractions; TRF) and carotene, may be beneficial for alleviating asthma. Here, we determined the therapeutic efficacy of TRF, carotene, and dexamethasone in ovalbumin-challenged allergic asthma in Brown Norway rats. Asthmatic symptoms fully developed within 8 days after the second sensitization, and were preserved throughout the time course via intranasal ovalbumin re-challenge. Asthmatic rats were then orally administered 30 mg/kg body weight TRF or carotene. TRF-treated animals exhibited reduced inflammatory cells in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid. TRF- and carotene-treated rats exhibited notable white blood cell reduction comparable to that from dexamethasone. TRF- and carotene-treatment also downregulated pro-inflammatory markers (IL-β, IL-6, TNF-α), coincident with anti-inflammatory marker IL-4 and IL-13 upregulation. Treatment significantly reduced asthmatic rat plasma CRP and IgE, signifying improved systemic inflammation. Asthmatic lung histology displayed severe edema and inflammatory cell infiltration in the bronchial wall, whereas treated animals retained healthy, normal-appearing lungs. The phytonutrients tocotrienol and carotene thus exhibit potential benefits for consumption as nutritional adjuncts in asthmatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaida Zainal
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor 43000, Malaysia.
| | | | - Huzwah Khaza'ai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Sui Kiat Chang
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Kassim A, Zainal Z, Saravanan N, Vikneshwari R, Malathi S. Preparation and Studies of Electrodeposited CuSe Thin Films. Eurasian Chem Tech J 2017. [DOI: 10.18321/ectj598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathodic electrodeposition in the presence of sodium dodecyl-sulphate in aqueous solution was used to prepare CuSe thin film deposited on titanium substrates. The effect of deposition potential, concentration<br />and deposition time were studied to determine the optimum condition for the electrodeposition process. The films were characterized by X-ray diffractrometry. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study<br />the morphology of the deposits. The photoresponse of the films prepared was analysed using linear sweep voltammetry in the presence of sodium thiosulphate.
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Chee WK, Lim HN, Zainal Z, Harrison I, Huang N, Andou Y, Chong KF, Pandikumar A. Electrospun nanofiber membranes as ultrathin flexible supercapacitors. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00406k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly flexible electrochemical supercapacitor electrode was developed with a novel metal oxide-reinforced nanofiber electrode by utilizing a solution-based electrospinning technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. K. Chee
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Malaysia
| | - H. N. Lim
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Malaysia
- Functional Device Laboratory
| | - Z. Zainal
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Malaysia
| | - I. Harrison
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham NG7 2RD
- UK
| | - N. M. Huang
- Centre of Printable Electronics
- Deputy Vice Chancellor Office (Research & Innovation)
- University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - Y. Andou
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering
- Eco-Town Collaborative R&D Center for the Environment and Recycling
- Kyushu Institute of Technology
- Kitakyushu-city
- Japan
| | - K. F. Chong
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology
- Universiti Malaysia Pahang
- Kuantan
- Malaysia
| | - A. Pandikumar
- Research Institute & Department of Chemistry
- SRM University
- Chennai
- India
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Rahman N, Tan K, Zainal Z, Khaw C, Chon M. Subsolidus Solution and Oxide Ionic Conductivity of Nd-Substituted Bismuth Yttria Fluorites. SAINS MALAYS 2015. [DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2015-4407-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chee W, Lim H, Harrison I, Chong K, Zainal Z, Ng C, Huang N. Performance of Flexible and Binderless Polypyrrole/Graphene Oxide/Zinc Oxide Supercapacitor Electrode in a Symmetrical Two-Electrode Configuration. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abdollahi Y, Abdullah AH, Gaya UI, Zainal Z, Yusof NA. Enhanced photodegradation of o-cresol in aqueous Mn(1%)-doped ZnO suspensions. Environ Technol 2012; 33:1183-1189. [PMID: 22856288 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2011.618931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The effective removal of o-cresol is currently both an environmental and economic challenge. ZnO is not only an efficient photocatalyst but is also cost effective, as its photoabsorption can extend from the ultraviolet (UV) to the visible range thereby allowing the use of inexpensive visible light sources, such as sunlight. The principal objective of the present work is to investigate the visible light-driven removal of o-cresol from aqueous solution in the presence of 1.0 wt% Mn-doped ZnO. To measure the efficiency ofphotodegradation, the variables studied included the amount ofphotocatalyst, concentration of o-cresol, pH and irradiation time. The concentration ofo-cresol and residual organic carbon was monitored using a UV-visible spectrophotometer, ultra high-pressure liquid chromatography and a total organic carbon analyser. The optimum conditions under which the photodegradation of o-cresol was most favourable corresponded to 1.5 g/l ZnO, 35 ppm o-cresol and pH 9. The ZnO-1 wt% Mn photoprocess has demonstrated reusability for more than three times, which warrants its scale-up from laboratory- to in industrial-scale application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Abdollahi
- Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute ofAdvanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor D.E., Malaysia.
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Ng TL, Pemble MF, Williams JO, Wright AC, Zainal Z. The preparation of plan-view TEM samples of ZnSe epilayers on GaAs (100) substrates by selective photoelectrochemical etching. J Microsc 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.1988.tb04584.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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21
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Shing O, Ping T, Y.Hin TY, Zainal Z. Synthesis and Ionic Conductivity of Mechanically Synthesized Yttrium-doped Ceria Solid Solutions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/jas.2011.1285.1290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
Musculoskeletal complaints are the second most frequent reason for medical treatments. Within these diseases rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and, especially, osteoarthritis (OA) are common. Although the causes of arthritis are multifactorial and not fully understood, clinical trials have generally shown benefit from dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. This has usually been attributed to their anti-inflammatory properties. Recently we have used in vitro model systems to study the molecular mechanism(s) by which n-3 PUFAs may act to alleviate the symptoms of arthritis. These experiments showed that n-3 PUFAs reduce expression of cartilage-degrading proteinases, cyclooxygenase-2 and inflammatory cytokines. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was more effective than docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or alpha-linolenic acid. The data provide a scientific rationale for the consumption of n-3 fatty acids as part of a healthy diet and perhaps in treating arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hurst
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Taufiq-Yap Y, Wong Y, Zainal Z, Hussein M. Synthesis of self-assembled nanorod vanadium oxide bundles by sonochemical treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1003-9953(08)60124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zainal Z, Longman AJ, Hurst S, Duggan K, Caterson B, Hughes CE, Harwood JL. Relative efficacies of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in reducing expression of key proteins in a model system for studying osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2009; 17:896-905. [PMID: 19217322 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2008.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2008] [Revised: 10/23/2008] [Accepted: 12/10/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the relative efficacy of three different omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in suppressing the mRNA levels for important proteins involved in the etiology of osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS A model cell culture system (bovine chondrocytes) was used. Inflammatory factors and enzymes involved in OA were induced by exposure of the chondrocyte cultures to interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha). The effect of pre-incubating cultures with various amounts of exogenous fatty acids on subsequent levels of mRNAs was assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR). RESULTS Exposure of cultures to IL-1alpha induced expression of the cartilage proteinases A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase with ThromboSpondin motifs (ADAMTS)-4 and ADAMTS-5, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and the inflammatory cytokines IL-1alpha, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). n-3 PUFAs were able to reduce the levels of mRNA for ADAMTS-4, ADAMTS-5, MMP-3, MMP-13, COX-2 (but not COX-1), IL-1alpha, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was the most effective, followed by docosahexaenoic (DHA) and then alpha-linolenic (ALA) acid. The n-6 PUFA, arachidonic acid (AA) had no effect. CONCLUSION These results show that omega-3 (n-3) PUFAs cause a reduction in the mRNA levels for various proteins known to be important in the pathology of OA. They provide a molecular explanation, at least in part, for beneficial effects of dietary omega-3 PUFAs for the amelioration of symptoms of the disease. The relative efficacy of EPA suggests that this omega-3 PUFA may be especially useful for dietary supplementation in patients with OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zainal
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Zainal Z, Longman AJ, Hurst S, Duggan K, Hughes CE, Caterson B, Harwood JL. Modification of Palm Oil for Anti-Inflammatory Nutraceutical Properties. Lipids 2009; 44:581-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-009-3304-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zainal Z, Marouf E, Ismail I, Fei C. Expression of the Capsicuum annum (Chili) Defensin Gene in Transgenic Tomatoes Confers Enhanced Resistance to Fungal Pathogens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3923/ajpp.2009.70.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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27
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Nasrin A, Ma A, Choo Y, Mohamad S, Rohaya M, Azali A, Zainal Z. Oil Palm Biomass As Potential Substitution Raw Materials For Commercial Biomass Briquettes Production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3844/ajassp.2008.179.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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28
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Ong ST, Lee CK, Zainal Z. Removal of basic and reactive dyes using ethylenediamine modified rice hull. Bioresour Technol 2007; 98:2792-9. [PMID: 17400446 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2004] [Revised: 05/01/2006] [Accepted: 05/01/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Wastewaters from textile industries may contain a variety of dyes that have to be removed before their discharge into waterways. Rice hull, an agricultural by-product, was modified using ethylenediamine to introduce active sites on its surface to enable it to function as a sorbent for both basic and reactive dyes. The sorption characteristics of Basic Blue 3 (BB3) and Reactive Orange 16 (RO16) by ethylenediamine modified rice hull (MRH) were studied under various experimental conditions. Sorption was pH and concentration dependent. Simultaneous removal of BB3 and RO16 occurred at pH greater than 4. The kinetics of dye sorption fitted a pseudo-second order rate expression. Increase in agitation rate had no effect on the sorption of BB3 but increased uptake of RO16 on MRH. Decreasing particle size increased the uptake of dyes in binary dye solutions. Equilibrium data could be fitted into both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Maximum sorption capacities calculated from the Langmuir model are 14.68 and 60.24 mg/g for BB3 and RO16, respectively in binary dye solutions. This corresponds to an enhancement of 4.5 and 2.4 fold, respectively, compared to single dye solutions. MRH therefore has the potential of being used as an efficient sorbent for the removal of both dyes in textile wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Ong
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
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29
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Sunderasan E, Bahari A, Arif SAM, Zainal Z, Hamilton RG, Yeang HY. Molecular cloning and immunoglobulin E reactivity of a natural rubber latex lecithinase homologue, the major allergenic component of Hev b 4. Clin Exp Allergy 2005; 35:1490-5. [PMID: 16297147 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02371.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hev b 4 is an allergenic natural rubber latex (NRL) protein complex that is reactive in skin prick tests and in vitro immunoassays. On SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Hev b 4 is discerned predominantly at 53-55 kDa together with a 57 kDa minor component previously identified as a cyanogenic glucosidase. Of the 13 NRL allergens recognized by the International Union of Immunological Societies, the 53-55 kDa Hev b 4 major protein is the only candidate that lacks complete cDNA and protein sequence information. OBJECTIVE We sought to clone the transcript encoding the Hev b 4 major protein, and characterize the native protein and its recombinant form in relation to IgE binding. METHODS The 5'/3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends method was employed to obtain the complete cDNA of the Hev b 4 major protein. A recombinant form of the protein was over-expressed in Escherichia coli. The native Hev b 4 major protein was deglycosylated by trifluoromethane sulphonic acid. Western immunoblots of the native, deglycosylated and recombinant proteins were performed using both polyclonal antibodies and sera from latex-allergic patients. RESULTS The cDNA encoding the Hev b 4 major protein was cloned. Its open reading frame matched lecithinases in the conserved domain database and contained 10 predicted glycosylation sites. Detection of glycans on the Hev b 4 lecithinase homologue confirmed it to be a glycoprotein. The deglycosylated lecithinase homologue was discerned at 40 kDa on SDS-PAGE, this being comparable to the 38.53 kDa mass predicted by its cDNA. Deglycosylation of the lecithinase homologue resulted in the loss of IgE recognition, although reactivity to polyclonal rabbit anti-Hev b 4 was retained. IgE from latex-allergic patients also failed to recognize the non-glycosylated E. coli recombinant lecithinase homologue. CONCLUSION The IgE epitopes of the Hev b 4 lecithinase homologue reside mainly in its carbohydrate moiety, which also account for the discrepancy between the observed molecular weight of the protein and the value calculated from its cDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sunderasan
- Biotechnology and Strategic Research Unit, Malaysian Rubber Board, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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30
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Irmawati R, Asri Razali M, Taufiq-Yap Y, Zainal Z. Effect of calcination temperatures on physicochemical properties of vanadium–antimony mixed oxide catalysts. Catal Today 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2004.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
The sorption characteristics of Cr(VI) and Cu(II) by ethylenediamine modified rice hull from single and binary metal ion solutions were evaluated under various experimental conditions. Optimal Cr(VI) and Cu(II) removal from single metal ion solutions occurred at pH 2.0 and 5.5, respectively. Simultaneous removal of Cr(VI) and Cu(II) occurred at pH greater than 3.0. The sorption kinetics of Cr(VI) and Cu(II) from single and binary metal ion solutions were studied with reference to metal concentration, agitation rate and particle size. Sorption of Cr(VI) was more rapid than Cu(II). The kinetics of metal ion sorption fitted a pseudo-second order expression. The variation in the initial uptake rates was very small at an agitation rate beyond 150 rpm and sorption was generally independent of particle size. Equilibrium sorption data could be fitted into the Langmuir isotherm equation. Maximum sorption capacities of ethylenediamine modified rice hull for Cr(VI) at pH 2 and Cu(II) at pH 4 in single metal solutions were 0.45 and 0.06 mmol g(-1), respectively. This corresponds to an enhancement factor of 2.6 and 3 fold for Cr(VI) and Cu(II), respectively, compared to natural rice hull. A synergistic effect was observed for sorption of these ions in binary metal solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Tang
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Lu C, Zainal Z, Tucker GA, Lycett GW. Developmental abnormalities and reduced fruit softening in tomato plants expressing an antisense Rab11 GTPase gene. Plant Cell 2001. [PMID: 11487695 DOI: 10.2307/3871321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A cDNA clone from tomato fruit encodes a protein with strong homology with the rab11/YPT3 class of small GTPases that is thought to be involved in the control of protein trafficking within cells. The gene, LeRab11a, showed a pattern consistent with a single copy in DNA gel blots. The corresponding mRNA was developmentally regulated during fruit ripening, and its expression was inhibited in several ripening mutants. Its reduced expression in the Never-ripe mutant indicates that it may be induced by ethylene in fruit. The ripening-induced expression in tissues that are undergoing cell wall loosening immediately suggests a possible role in trafficking of cell wall-modifying enzymes. The message also was produced in leaves and flowers but not in roots. Antisense transformation was used to generate a "mutant phenotype." Antisense fruit changed color as expected but failed to soften normally. This was accompanied by reduced levels of two cell wall hydrolases, pectinesterase and polygalacturonase. There were other phenotypic effects in the plants, including determinate growth, reduced apical dominance, branched inflorescences, abnormal floral structure, and ectopic shoots on the leaves. In some plants, ethylene production was reduced. These data suggest an alternative or additional role in exocytosis or endocytosis of homeotic proteins, hormone carriers, or receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lu
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
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Lu C, Zainal Z, Tucker GA, Lycett GW. Developmental abnormalities and reduced fruit softening in tomato plants expressing an antisense Rab11 GTPase gene. Plant Cell 2001; 13:1819-33. [PMID: 11487695 PMCID: PMC139129 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2001] [Accepted: 05/20/2001] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A cDNA clone from tomato fruit encodes a protein with strong homology with the rab11/YPT3 class of small GTPases that is thought to be involved in the control of protein trafficking within cells. The gene, LeRab11a, showed a pattern consistent with a single copy in DNA gel blots. The corresponding mRNA was developmentally regulated during fruit ripening, and its expression was inhibited in several ripening mutants. Its reduced expression in the Never-ripe mutant indicates that it may be induced by ethylene in fruit. The ripening-induced expression in tissues that are undergoing cell wall loosening immediately suggests a possible role in trafficking of cell wall-modifying enzymes. The message also was produced in leaves and flowers but not in roots. Antisense transformation was used to generate a "mutant phenotype." Antisense fruit changed color as expected but failed to soften normally. This was accompanied by reduced levels of two cell wall hydrolases, pectinesterase and polygalacturonase. There were other phenotypic effects in the plants, including determinate growth, reduced apical dominance, branched inflorescences, abnormal floral structure, and ectopic shoots on the leaves. In some plants, ethylene production was reduced. These data suggest an alternative or additional role in exocytosis or endocytosis of homeotic proteins, hormone carriers, or receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lu
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
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bin Hussein MZ, Zainal Z, Hin TY, Tat OW. Microwave-assisted synthesis of Zn/Al layered double hydroxide-(anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate) nanocomposite. J Microw Power Electromagn Energy 2001; 36:113-119. [PMID: 15040529 DOI: 10.1080/08327823.2001.11688454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nanocomposites of Zn/Al-layered double hydroxide(anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate) were synthesized by spontaneous direct assembly of inorganic and organic phases from aqueous solution. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns showed that a pure, single nanocomposite phase of good crystallinity was obtained using 1.0 M antraquinone-2,6-disulfonate ion (AQ26) and aging at 80 degrees C using conventional heating for 7 days or 0.5 h under microwave radiation, and these samples are denoted as ZAAN26C or ZAAN26MH, respectively. Zn/Al-nitrate-layered double hydroxide synthesized by a conventional method (ZANLC) showed a basal spacing of 8.3 A while both the nanocomposites showed 18.8 A as a result of AQ26 intercalation. FTIR study showed that the resulting nanocomposites are free from nitrate, the co-anion present in the mother liquor, indicating that only AQ26 is preferred during intercalation for the formation of the nanocomposite. The Brunauer, Emmet and Teller (BET) and micropore surface areas for ZAAN26C decreased relative to the ZANLC from 16.2 to 4.7 and 1.6 to 1.3 m2/g, respectively. These results indicate that AQ26 can be rapidly interdcalated in layered double hydroxide using microwave-aging resulting in a nanocomposite.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z bin Hussein
- Multifunctional Nanomaterials for Industrial Application, (MULIA) Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400UPM, Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
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Hussein MZ, Zainal Z, Yaziz I, Beng TC. The use of Mg/Al layered double hydroxide for color removal of textile wastewater. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2001; 36:565-573. [PMID: 11413839 DOI: 10.1081/ese-100103484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Layered double hydroxide of Mg-Al-carbonate system (MACH) was prepared and its heat-treated product (MACHT) was obtained by calcination at 500 degrees C. The resulting materials were used as an adsorbent for removal of color from synthetic textile wastewater (STW) and textile wastewater (TWW). Batch kinetic study showed that these materials are an efficient adsorbent for textile dye. The maximum adsorption capacities between 16 to 32 mg of dyes per g of adsorbent was obtained by fitting the adsorption data to the Langmuir adsorption Isotherm. It was found that the adsorption capacity of MACHT is higher than MACH.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z Hussein
- Multifunctional Materials for Industrial Applications (MULIA) Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaida Zainal
- Chemistry and Technology Department, Palm Oil Research of Malaysia, No. 6; Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi; 43000 Kajang Selangor Malaysia
| | - Mohd Suria Affandi Yusoff
- Chemistry and Technology Department, Palm Oil Research of Malaysia, No. 6; Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi; 43000 Kajang Selangor Malaysia
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Abstract
A full-length cDNA clone from mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruit has homology to the rab11/YPT3 class of small GTPases. The corresponding mRNA is expressed in fruit, only during ripening. The likely involvement of this RabX protein in trafficking cell-wall modifying enzymes through the trans-Golgi network is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zainal
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Science, University of Nottingham, UK
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40
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Wei C, Lin WY, Zainal Z, Williams NE, Zhu K, Kruzic AP, Smith RL, Rajeshwar K. Bactericidal Activity of TiO2 Photocatalyst in Aqueous Media: Toward a Solar-Assisted Water Disinfection System. Environ Sci Technol 1994; 28:934-8. [PMID: 22191837 DOI: 10.1021/es00054a027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
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41
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Jamal F, Pit S, Isahak I, Abdullah N, Zainal Z, Abdullah R, Henrichsen J. Pneumococcal infection in hospitalized patients: a four-year study in Malaysia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1987; 18:79-84. [PMID: 3660072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A total of 90 cases of pneumococcal infections were identified at a major referral hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia during a study period of four years. Pneumonia was the most common clinical presentation (41 cases) followed by meningitis (19 cases). Of 48 patients who were followed-up during the microbiology consultation round, 11 died, 9 were children below two years old. Capsular typing was carried out on 57 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from blood and body fluids of 43 children and 14 adults. 38 strains isolated from pharyngeal specimens were also typed. Types 6A (11 strains), 6B (7 strains), 14 (8 strains) and 19A (8 strains) predominated in children. The strains from older patients comprised 3 isolates from cerebrospinal fluid (types 18B, 6B and 14), five from blood (4 strains, type 1 and 1 strain, type 4) and six from pus (1 strain, type 14, 3 strains type 23F and 2 strains type 34). The isolates from pharyngeal specimens belonged to capsular type similar to those implicated in infections. 90% of the types reported in this study are included in the 23 valent pneumococcal vaccines. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of penicillin, cefuroxime, chloramphenicol and rifampicin were determined for selected strains. 4.1% of isolates were resistant to penicillin (3/74), 4.5% to cefuroxime (2/44), 6.5% to chloramphenicol (3/46) and 14.6% to rifampicin (6/41).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Jamal
- National Streptococcus Reference Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
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Yasin MS, Jamal F, Samed SA, Zainal Z, Misngi S. The presence of yeasts in urine. Singapore Med J 1986; 27:326-8. [PMID: 3541227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Jamal F, Mohamed R, Zainal Z, Arshat H. Group B streptococci in a maternity unit. Med J Malaysia 1979; 33:349-51. [PMID: 574917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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