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Guo J, Meng X, Chen J, Peng J, Sheng J, Li XZ, Xu L, Shi JR, Wang E, Jiang Y. Real-space imaging of interfacial water with submolecular resolution. NATURE MATERIALS 2014; 13:184-189. [PMID: 24390380 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Water/solid interfaces are vital to our daily lives and are also a central theme across an incredibly wide range of scientific disciplines. Resolving the internal structure, that is, the O-H directionality, of water molecules adsorbed on solid surfaces has been one of the key issues of water science yet it remains challenging. Using a low-temperature scanning tunnelling microscope, we report submolecular-resolution imaging of individual water monomers and tetramers on NaCl(001) films supported by a Au(111) substrate at 5 K. The frontier molecular orbitals of adsorbed water were directly visualized, which allowed discrimination of the orientation of the monomers and the hydrogen-bond directionality of the tetramers in real space. Comparison with ab initio density functional theory calculations reveals that the ability to access the orbital structures of water stems from the electronic decoupling effect provided by the NaCl films and the precisely tunable tip-water coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- 1] International Center for Quantum Materials (ICQM) and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China [2] Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China [3]
| | - Xiangzhi Meng
- 1] International Center for Quantum Materials (ICQM) and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China [2] Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China [3]
| | - Ji Chen
- 1] International Center for Quantum Materials (ICQM) and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China [2] Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China [3]
| | - Jinbo Peng
- 1] International Center for Quantum Materials (ICQM) and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China [2] Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - Jiming Sheng
- 1] International Center for Quantum Materials (ICQM) and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China [2] Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Zheng Li
- 1] International Center for Quantum Materials (ICQM) and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China [2] Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - Limei Xu
- 1] International Center for Quantum Materials (ICQM) and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China [2] Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Ren Shi
- 1] International Center for Quantum Materials (ICQM) and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China [2] Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - Enge Wang
- 1] International Center for Quantum Materials (ICQM) and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China [2] Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- 1] International Center for Quantum Materials (ICQM) and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China [2] Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
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Kumagai T, Hanke F, Gawinkowski S, Sharp J, Kotsis K, Waluk J, Persson M, Grill L. Thermally and vibrationally induced tautomerization of single porphycene molecules on a Cu(110) surface. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:246101. [PMID: 24483678 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.246101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report the direct observation of intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer reactions (tautomerization) within a single porphycene molecule on a Cu(110) surface by scanning tunneling microscopy. It is found that the tautomerization can be induced via inelastic electron tunneling at 5 K. By measuring the bias-dependent tautomerization rate of isotope-substituted molecules, we can assign the scanning tunneling microscopy-induced tautomerization to the excitation of specific molecular vibrations. Furthermore, these vibrations appear as characteristic features in the dI/dV spectra measured over individual molecules. The vibrational modes that are associated with the tautomerization are identified by density functional theory calculations. At higher temperatures above ∼75 K, tautomerization is induced thermally and an activation barrier of about 168 meV is determined from an Arrhenius plot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kumagai
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Hanke
- Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Sylwester Gawinkowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - John Sharp
- Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantinos Kotsis
- Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Jacek Waluk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mats Persson
- Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom and Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Leonhard Grill
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany and Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Shchadilova YE, Tikhodeev SG, Paulsson M, Ueba H. Rotation of a single acetylene molecule on Cu(001) by tunneling electrons in STM. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:186102. [PMID: 24237541 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.186102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We study the elementary processes behind one of the pioneering works on scanning tunneling microscope controlled reactions of single molecules [Stipe et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1263 (1998)]. Using the Keldysh-Green function approach for the vibrational generation rate in combination with density functional theory calculations to obtain realistic parameters we reproduce the experimental rotation rate of an acetylene molecule on a Cu(100) surface as a function of bias voltage and tunneling current. This combined approach allows us to identify the reaction coordinate mode of the acetylene rotation and its anharmonic coupling with the C-H stretch mode. We show that three different elementary processes, the excitation of C-H stretch, the overtone ladder climbing of the hindered rotational mode, and the combination band excitation together explain the rotation of the acetylene molecule on Cu(100).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia E Shchadilova
- A. M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Motobayashi K, Katano S, Kim Y, Kawai M. Spectral Fitting of Action Spectra for Motions and Reactions of Single Molecules on Metal Surfaces. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2013. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20120190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Motobayashi
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo
- RIKEN Advanced Science Institute
- Catalysis Research Center, Hokkaido University
| | - Satoshi Katano
- RIKEN Advanced Science Institute
- Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University
| | | | - Maki Kawai
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo
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Jiang Y, Huan Q, Fabris L, Bazan GC, Ho W. Submolecular control, spectroscopy and imaging of bond-selective chemistry in single functionalized molecules. Nat Chem 2012; 5:36-41. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Carrasco J, Hodgson A, Michaelides A. A molecular perspective of water at metal interfaces. NATURE MATERIALS 2012; 11:667-74. [PMID: 22825022 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Water/solid interfaces are relevant to a broad range of physicochemical phenomena and technological processes such as corrosion, lubrication, heterogeneous catalysis and electrochemistry. Although many fields have contributed to rapid progress in the fundamental knowledge of water at interfaces, detailed molecular-level understanding of water/solid interfaces comes mainly from studies on flat metal substrates. These studies have recently shown that a remarkably rich variety of structures form at the interface between water and even seemingly simple flat surfaces. In this Review we discuss the most exciting work in this area, in particular the emerging physical insight and general concepts about how water binds to metal surfaces. We also provide a perspective on outstanding problems, challenges and open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Carrasco
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, Marie Curie 2, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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