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Couasnon T, Alloyeau D, Ménez B, Guyot F, Ghigo JM, Gélabert A. In situ monitoring of exopolymer-dependent Mn mineralization on bacterial surfaces. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz3125. [PMID: 32923582 PMCID: PMC7455489 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz3125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial biomineralization is a widespread process that affects cycling of metals in the environment. Functionalized bacterial cell surfaces and exopolymers are thought to initiate mineral formation, however, direct evidences are hampered by technical challenges. Here, we present a breakthrough in the use of liquid-cell scanning transmission electron microscopy to observe mineral growth on bacteria and the exopolymers they secrete. Two Escherichia coli mutants producing distinct exopolymers are investigated. We use the incident electron beam to provoke and observe the precipitation of Mn-bearing minerals. Differences in the morphology and distribution of Mn precipitates on the two strains reflect differences in nucleation site density and accessibility. Direct observation under liquid conditions highlights the critical role of bacterial cell surface charges and exopolymer types in metal mineralization. This has strong environmental implications because biofilms structured by exopolymers are widespread in nature and constitute the main form of microbial life on Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaïs Couasnon
- Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, 75238 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Damien Alloyeau
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Bénédicte Ménez
- Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, 75238 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - François Guyot
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Sorbonne Université, IRD, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Jean-Marc Ghigo
- Unité de Génétique des Biofilms, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Gélabert
- Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, 75238 Paris Cedex 05, France
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McGenity TJ, Gessesse A, Hallsworth JE, Garcia Cela E, Verheecke‐Vaessen C, Wang F, Chavarría M, Haggblom MM, Molin S, Danchin A, Smid EJ, Lood C, Cockell CS, Whitby C, Liu S, Keller NP, Stein LY, Bordenstein SR, Lal R, Nunes OC, Gram L, Singh BK, Webster NS, Morris C, Sivinski S, Bindschedler S, Junier P, Antunes A, Baxter BK, Scavone P, Timmis K. Visualizing the invisible: class excursions to ignite children's enthusiasm for microbes. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:844-887. [PMID: 32406115 PMCID: PMC7264897 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently argued that, because microbes have pervasive - often vital - influences on our lives, and that therefore their roles must be taken into account in many of the decisions we face, society must become microbiology-literate, through the introduction of relevant microbiology topics in school curricula (Timmis et al. 2019. Environ Microbiol 21: 1513-1528). The current coronavirus pandemic is a stark example of why microbiology literacy is such a crucial enabler of informed policy decisions, particularly those involving preparedness of public-health systems for disease outbreaks and pandemics. However, a significant barrier to attaining widespread appreciation of microbial contributions to our well-being and that of the planet is the fact that microbes are seldom visible: most people are only peripherally aware of them, except when they fall ill with an infection. And it is disease, rather than all of the positive activities mediated by microbes, that colours public perception of 'germs' and endows them with their poor image. It is imperative to render microbes visible, to give them life and form for children (and adults), and to counter prevalent misconceptions, through exposure to imagination-capturing images of microbes and examples of their beneficial outputs, accompanied by a balanced narrative. This will engender automatic mental associations between everyday information inputs, as well as visual, olfactory and tactile experiences, on the one hand, and the responsible microbes/microbial communities, on the other hand. Such associations, in turn, will promote awareness of microbes and of the many positive and vital consequences of their actions, and facilitate and encourage incorporation of such consequences into relevant decision-making processes. While teaching microbiology topics in primary and secondary school is key to this objective, a strategic programme to expose children directly and personally to natural and managed microbial processes, and the results of their actions, through carefully planned class excursions to local venues, can be instrumental in bringing microbes to life for children and, collaterally, their families. In order to encourage the embedding of microbiology-centric class excursions in current curricula, we suggest and illustrate here some possibilities relating to the topics of food (a favourite pre-occupation of most children), agriculture (together with horticulture and aquaculture), health and medicine, the environment and biotechnology. And, although not all of the microbially relevant infrastructure will be within reach of schools, there is usually access to a market, local food store, wastewater treatment plant, farm, surface water body, etc., all of which can provide opportunities to explore microbiology in action. If children sometimes consider the present to be mundane, even boring, they are usually excited with both the past and the future so, where possible, visits to local museums (the past) and research institutions advancing knowledge frontiers (the future) are strongly recommended, as is a tapping into the natural enthusiasm of local researchers to leverage the educational value of excursions and virtual excursions. Children are also fascinated by the unknown, so, paradoxically, the invisibility of microbes makes them especially fascinating objects for visualization and exploration. In outlining some of the options for microbiology excursions, providing suggestions for discussion topics and considering their educational value, we strive to extend the vistas of current class excursions and to: (i) inspire teachers and school managers to incorporate more microbiology excursions into curricula; (ii) encourage microbiologists to support school excursions and generally get involved in bringing microbes to life for children; (iii) urge leaders of organizations (biopharma, food industries, universities, etc.) to give school outreach activities a more prominent place in their mission portfolios, and (iv) convey to policymakers the benefits of providing schools with funds, materials and flexibility for educational endeavours beyond the classroom.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amare Gessesse
- Department of Biological Sciences and BiotechnologyBotswana International University of Science and TechnologyPalapyeBotswana
| | - John E. Hallsworth
- Institute for Global Food SecuritySchool of Biological SciencesQueen’s University BelfastBelfastUK
| | | | | | - Fengping Wang
- School of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Max Chavarría
- Escuela de QuímicaCentro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA)Universidad de Costa RicaSan JoséCosta Rica
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot)CeNAT-CONARESan JoséCosta Rica
| | - Max M. Haggblom
- Department of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA
| | - Søren Molin
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for BiosustainabilityTechnical University of DenmarkLyngbyDenmark
| | - Antoine Danchin
- Institut Cochin24 rue du Faubourg Saint‐Jacques75014ParisFrance
| | - Eddy J. Smid
- Food MicrobiologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Cédric Lood
- Department of Microbial and Molecular SystemsCentre of Microbial and Plant GeneticsLaboratory of Computational Systems BiologyKU Leuven3001LeuvenBelgium
- Department of BiosystemsLaboratory of Gene TechnologyKU Leuven3001LeuvenBelgium
| | | | | | | | - Nancy P. Keller
- Department of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWIUSA
| | - Lisa Y. Stein
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Seth R. Bordenstein
- Department of Biological SciencesVanderbilt Microbiome InitiativeVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Rup Lal
- The Energy and Resources InstituteLodhi RoadNew Delhi110003India
| | - Olga C. Nunes
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Porto4200‐465PortoPortugal
| | - Lone Gram
- Department of Biotechnology and BiomedicineTechnical University of DenmarkLyngbyDenmark
| | - Brajesh K. Singh
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentUniversity of Western SydneyPenrithAustralia
| | - Nicole S. Webster
- Australian Institute of Marine ScienceTownsvilleQLDAustralia
- Australian Centre for EcogenomicsUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | | | | | | | - Pilar Junier
- Institute of BiologyUniversity of NeuchâtelNeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - André Antunes
- State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary SciencesMacau University of Science and Technology (MUST)Taipa, Macau SARChina
| | - Bonnie K. Baxter
- Great Salt Lake InstituteWestminster CollegeSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Paola Scavone
- Department of MicrobiologyInstituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente EstableMontevideoUruguay
| | - Kenneth Timmis
- Institute of MicrobiologyTechnical University of BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
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Alder-Rangel A, Idnurm A, Brand AC, Brown AJP, Gorbushina A, Kelliher CM, Campos CB, Levin DE, Bell-Pedersen D, Dadachova E, Bauer FF, Gadd GM, Braus GH, Braga GUL, Brancini GTP, Walker GM, Druzhinina I, Pócsi I, Dijksterhuis J, Aguirre J, Hallsworth JE, Schumacher J, Wong KH, Selbmann L, Corrochano LM, Kupiec M, Momany M, Molin M, Requena N, Yarden O, Cordero RJB, Fischer R, Pascon RC, Mancinelli RL, Emri T, Basso TO, Rangel DEN. The Third International Symposium on Fungal Stress - ISFUS. Fungal Biol 2020; 124:235-252. [PMID: 32389286 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stress is a normal part of life for fungi, which can survive in environments considered inhospitable or hostile for other organisms. Due to the ability of fungi to respond to, survive in, and transform the environment, even under severe stresses, many researchers are exploring the mechanisms that enable fungi to adapt to stress. The International Symposium on Fungal Stress (ISFUS) brings together leading scientists from around the world who research fungal stress. This article discusses presentations given at the third ISFUS, held in São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil in 2019, thereby summarizing the state-of-the-art knowledge on fungal stress, a field that includes microbiology, agriculture, ecology, biotechnology, medicine, and astrobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Idnurm
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alexandra C Brand
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Exeter, Exeter, England, UK
| | - Alistair J P Brown
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Exeter, Exeter, England, UK
| | - Anna Gorbushina
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, Materials and the Environment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina M Kelliher
- Department of Molecular & Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Claudia B Campos
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - David E Levin
- Boston University Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deborah Bell-Pedersen
- Center for Biological Clocks Research, Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ekaterina Dadachova
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Florian F Bauer
- Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Geoffrey M Gadd
- Geomicrobiology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Gerhard H Braus
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gilberto U L Braga
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme T P Brancini
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Graeme M Walker
- School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | | | - István Pócsi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Jan Dijksterhuis
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jesús Aguirre
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - John E Hallsworth
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Julia Schumacher
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, Materials and the Environment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Koon Ho Wong
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Laura Selbmann
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy; Italian National Antarctic Museum (MNA), Mycological Section, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Martin Kupiec
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michelle Momany
- Fungal Biology Group & Plant Biology Department, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Mikael Molin
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Natalia Requena
- Molecular Phytopathology Department, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Oded Yarden
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jeruslaem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Radamés J B Cordero
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Reinhard Fischer
- Department of Microbiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Renata C Pascon
- Biological Sciences Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Tamas Emri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Thiago O Basso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Klimenko NS, Tyakht AV, Toshchakov SV, Shevchenko MA, Korzhenkov AA, Afshinnekoo E, Mason CE, Alexeev DG. Co-occurrence patterns of bacteria within microbiome of Moscow subway. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:314-322. [PMID: 32071708 PMCID: PMC7016200 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial ecosystems of the built environments have become key mediators of health as people worldwide tend to spend large amount of time indoors. Underexposure to microbes at an early age is linked to increased risks of allergic and autoimmune diseases. Transportation systems are of particular interest, as they are globally the largest space for interactions between city-dwellers. Here we performed the first pilot study of the Moscow subway microbiome by analyzing swabs collected from 5 types of surfaces at 4 stations using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The study was conducted as a part of The Metagenomics and Metadesign of the Subways and Urban Biomes (MetaSUB) project. The most abundant microbial taxa comprising the subway microbiome originated from soil and human skin. Microbiome diversity was positively correlated with passenger traffic. No substantial evidence of major human pathogens presence was found. Co-occurrence analysis revealed clusters of microbial genera including combinations of microbes likely originating from different niches. The clusters as well as the most abundant microbes were similar to ones obtained for the published data on New-York City subway microbiome. Our results suggest that people are the main source and driving force of diversity in subway-associated microbiome. The data form a basis for a wider survey of Moscow subway microbiome to explore its longitudinal dynamics by analyzing an extended set of sample types and stations. Complementation of methods with viability testing, "shotgun" metagenomics, sequencing of bacterial isolates and culturomics will provide insights for public health, biosafety, microbial ecology and urban design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S. Klimenko
- Knomics LLC, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Bolshoy Bulvar Str., Building 42, Premise 1, Room 1639, Moscow 143026, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str., 34/5, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Tyakht
- Knomics LLC, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Bolshoy Bulvar Str., Building 42, Premise 1, Room 1639, Moscow 143026, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str., 34/5, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Stepan V. Toshchakov
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Akademika Kurchatova Sq., 1, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Margarita A. Shevchenko
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Universitetskaya Str., 2, Room 106, Kaliningrad 236040, Russia
| | - Aleksei A. Korzhenkov
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Akademika Kurchatova Sq., 1, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Ebrahim Afshinnekoo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher E. Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dmitry G. Alexeev
- Knomics LLC, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Bolshoy Bulvar Str., Building 42, Premise 1, Room 1639, Moscow 143026, Russia
- ITMO University, Kronverkskiy Pr., 49, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str., 1, Novosibirsk 630073, Russia
- Atlas Biomed Group, 92 Albert Embankment, Lambeth, London SE1 7TT, UK
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Villa F, Cappitelli F. The Ecology of Subaerial Biofilms in Dry and Inhospitable Terrestrial Environments. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7100380. [PMID: 31547498 PMCID: PMC6843906 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7100380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ecological relationship between minerals and microorganisms arguably represents one of the most important associations in dry terrestrial environments, since it strongly influences major biochemical cycles and regulates the productivity and stability of the Earth’s food webs. Despite being inhospitable ecosystems, mineral substrata exposed to air harbor form complex and self-sustaining communities called subaerial biofilms (SABs). Using life on air-exposed minerals as a model and taking inspiration from the mechanisms of some microorganisms that have adapted to inhospitable conditions, we illustrate the ecology of SABs inhabiting natural and built environments. Finally, we advocate the need for the convergence between the experimental and theoretical approaches that might be used to characterize and simulate the development of SABs on mineral substrates and SABs’ broader impacts on the dry terrestrial environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Villa
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Francesca Cappitelli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Lakshman Kumar A, Eashwar M, Sreedhar G, Vengatesan S, Prabu V, Shanmugam VM. Portraying manganese biofilms via a merger of EPR spectroscopy and cathodic polarization. BIOFOULING 2019; 35:768-784. [PMID: 31530181 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2019.1658747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microbial biofilms on stainless steel surfaces exposed to water from a freshwater pond were dominated by manganese-oxidizing bacteria, as initially diagnosed by microscopy and elemental analysis. The application of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy revealed conspicuous sextet (six-line) patterns that intensified with immersion time, implying the gradual accumulation of Mn(II) in the biofilms. Correspondingly, cathodic polarization designated the manganese oxide (MnOx) reduction peak in the form of a distinctive 'nose', which grew increasingly more negative with biofilm growth. The progressive expansion of cathodic current densities and the concurrent area-under-the-curve also allowed the quantification of microbially mediated MnOx deposition. Furthermore, the merger of EPR and cathodic polarization techniques yielded key insights, in tandem with Mn speciation data, into the pathways of microbial manganese transformations in biofilms, besides providing meaningful interpretations of prevailing literature. Accordingly, the natural freshwater biofilm was inferred as one supporting a complete manganese cycle encompassing multiple redox states.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lakshman Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute , Karaikudi , Tamil Nadu , India
- Biofilms and Biogeochemistry Group, Corrosion and Materials Protection Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute , Karaikudi , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - M Eashwar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute , Karaikudi , Tamil Nadu , India
- Biofilms and Biogeochemistry Group, Corrosion and Materials Protection Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute , Karaikudi , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - G Sreedhar
- Electro-Pyrometallurgy Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute , Karaikudi , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - S Vengatesan
- Electro-Inorganic Chemicals Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute , Karaikudi , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - V Prabu
- Central Instrumentation Facility, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute , Karaikudi , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - V M Shanmugam
- Central Instrumentation Facility, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute , Karaikudi , Tamil Nadu , India
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Matteucci E, Scarcella AV, Croveri P, Marengo A, Borghi A, Benelli C, Hamdan O, Favero-Longo SE. Lichens and other lithobionts on the carbonate rock surfaces of the heritage site of the tomb of Lazarus (Palestinian territories): diversity, biodeterioration, and control issues in a semi-arid environment. ANN MICROBIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-019-01465-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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58
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Ferrier J, Yang Y, Csetenyi L, Gadd GM. Colonization, penetration and transformation of manganese oxide nodules by Aspergillus niger. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:1821-1832. [PMID: 30884070 PMCID: PMC6849720 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the ability of the geoactive fungus Aspergillus niger to colonize and transform manganese nodules from the Clarion‐Clipperton Zone in both solid and liquid media was investigated. Aspergillusniger was able to colonize and penetrate manganese nodules embedded in solid medium and effect extensive transformation of the mineral in both fragmented and powder forms, precipitating manganese and calcium oxalates. Transformation of manganese nodule powder also occurred in a liquid medium in which A. niger was able to remove the fine particles from suspension which were accumulated within the central region of the resulting mycelial pellets and transformed into manganese oxalate dihydrate (lindbergite) and calcium oxalate dihydrate (weddellite). These findings contribute to an understanding of environmental processes involving insoluble manganese oxides, with practical relevance to chemoorganotrophic mineral bioprocessing applications, and, to the best of our knowledge, represent the first demonstration of fundamental direct and indirect interactions between geoactive fungi and manganese nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Ferrier
- Geomicrobiology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Yuyi Yang
- Geomicrobiology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Laszlo Csetenyi
- Concrete Technology Group, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK
| | - Geoffrey Michael Gadd
- Geomicrobiology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
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Ponizovskaya VB, Rebrikova NL, Kachalkin AV, Antropova AB, Bilanenko EN, Mokeeva VL. Micromycetes as colonizers of mineral building materials in historic monuments and museums. Fungal Biol 2019; 123:290-306. [PMID: 30928038 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Complex of microfungi colonizing mineral building materials, i.e. limestone and plaster, in interiors of cultural heritage was characterized. Wide-scale investigation was carried out with fourteen objects studied. We have revealed a specific culturable community. We have analyzed role of obtained microfungi in biodeterioraton process on the basis of our tests (pH and water activity preferences, ability to solubilize CaCO3) and literature data (substrate preferences and enzyme activities). The species most actively developing in mineral materials in indoor environments were Acremonium charticola, Acremonium furcatum, Lecanicillium sp., Parengyodontium album, Purpureocillium lilacinum and Sarocladium kiliense. Considering this fact and their ability to develop successfully at extremely wide range of pH values from slightly acidic to alkaline ones and their high enzymatic activities we conclude that the listed species are of high interest in seeking the cause of biodeterioration. These species can actively develop in materials penetrating for years deep into the substrates and causing their deterioration in conditions of considerably heightened moisture content. In this group, A. charticola and Lecanicillium sp. were able to solubilize CaCO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria B Ponizovskaya
- Department of Mycology and Algology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Natalia L Rebrikova
- State Research Institute for Restauration, 44-1 Gastello, 107014 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksey V Kachalkin
- Department of Soil Biology, Faculty of Soil Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia; All-Russian Collection of Microorganisms, G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms RAS, 5 Pr. Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Anna B Antropova
- Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, 5a Malyy Kazennyy Pereulok, 105064 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena N Bilanenko
- Department of Mycology and Algology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera L Mokeeva
- Department of Mycology and Algology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia
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Rangel DE, Finlay RD, Hallsworth JE, Dadachova E, Gadd GM. Fungal strategies for dealing with environment- and agriculture-induced stresses. Fungal Biol 2018; 122:602-612. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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61
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Unković N, Dimkić I, Stupar M, Stanković S, Vukojević J, Ljaljević Grbić M. Biodegradative potential of fungal isolates from sacral ambient: In vitro study as risk assessment implication for the conservation of wall paintings. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190922. [PMID: 29309432 PMCID: PMC5757982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The principal purpose of the study was to evaluate in vitro the potential ability of fungal isolates obtained from the painted layer of frescoes and surrounding air to induce symptoms of fresco deterioration, associated with their growth and metabolism, so that the risk of such deterioration can be precisely assessed and appropriate conservation treatments formulated. Biodegradative properties of the tested microfungi were qualitatively characterized through the use of a set of special agar plates: CaCO3 glucose agar (calcite dissolution), casein nutrient agar (casein hydrolysis), Czapek-Dox minimal medium (pigment secretion); and Czapek-Dox minimal broth (acid and alkali production). Most of the tested isolates (71.05%) demonstrated at least one of the degradative properties, with Penicillium bilaiae as the most potent, since it tested positive in all four. The remaining isolates (28.95%) showed no deterioration capabilities and were hence considered unlikely to partake in the complex process of fungal deterioration of murals via the tested mechanisms. The obtained results clearly indicate that utilization of fast and simple plate assays can provide insight into the biodegradative potential of deteriogenic fungi and allow for their separation from allochthonous transients, a prerequisite for precise assessment of the amount of risk posed by a thriving mycobiota to mural paintings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Unković
- Department for Algology, Mycology and Lichenology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivica Dimkić
- Department for Microbiology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Stupar
- Department for Algology, Mycology and Lichenology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slaviša Stanković
- Department for Microbiology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Vukojević
- Department for Algology, Mycology and Lichenology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Ljaljević Grbić
- Department for Algology, Mycology and Lichenology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Pokharel R, Gerrits R, Schuessler JA, Floor GH, Gorbushina AA, von Blanckenburg F. Mg Isotope Fractionation during Uptake by a Rock-Inhabiting, Model Microcolonial Fungus Knufia petricola at Acidic and Neutral pH. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:9691-9699. [PMID: 28758385 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The model rock-inhabiting microcolonial fungus Knufia petricola fractionates stable Mg isotopes in a time- and pH-dependent manner. During growth, the increase of 26Mg/24Mg in the fungal cells relative to the growth media amounted to 0.65 ± 0.14‰ at pH 6 and 1.11 ± 0.35‰ at pH 3. We suggest a constant equilibrium fractionation factor during incorporation of Mg into ribosomes and ATP as a cause of enrichment of 26Mg in the cells. We suggest too that the proton gradient across the cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane controls Mg2+ transport into the fungal cell. As the strength of this gradient is a function of extracellular solution pH, the pH-dependence on Mg isotope fractionation is thus due to differences in fungal cell mass fluxes. Through a mass balance model we show that Mg uptake into the fungal cell is not associated with a unique Mg isotope fractionation factor. This Mg isotope fractionation dependence on pH might also be observed in any organism with cells that follow similar Mg uptake and metabolic pathways and serves to reveal Mg cycling in ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasesh Pokharel
- Section 3.3, Earth Surface Geochemistry, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences , Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin , 12249 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruben Gerrits
- Department 4, Materials & Environment, BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research & Testing , 12205 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin , 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan A Schuessler
- Section 3.3, Earth Surface Geochemistry, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences , Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Geerke H Floor
- Section 3.3, Earth Surface Geochemistry, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences , Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Anna A Gorbushina
- Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin , 12249 Berlin, Germany
- Department 4, Materials & Environment, BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research & Testing , 12205 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin , 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Friedhelm von Blanckenburg
- Section 3.3, Earth Surface Geochemistry, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences , Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin , 12249 Berlin, Germany
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63
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Junier P, Joseph E. Microbial biotechnology approaches to mitigating the deterioration of construction and heritage materials. Microb Biotechnol 2017; 10:1145-1148. [PMID: 28771996 PMCID: PMC5609266 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms are the main engines of elemental cycling in this planet and therefore have a profound impact on both organic and mineral substrates. As such, past and present human‐made structures and cultural heritage can be negatively affected by microbial activity. Processes such as bioweathering (rocks and minerals), biodeterioration (organic substrates) or biocorrosion (metals) participate to the degradation or structural damage of construction and heritage materials. This structural damage can cause major economic losses (e.g. replacement of cast‐iron pipes in water distribution networks), and in the case of heritage materials, the entire loss of invaluable objects or monuments. Even though one can regard the influence of microbial activity on construction and heritage materials as negative, remarkably, the same metabolic pathways involved in degradation can be exploited to increase the stability of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Junier
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Edith Joseph
- Laboratory of Technologies for Heritage Materials, Institute of Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.,Haute Ecole Arc Conservation Restauration, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Gleason FH, Gadd GM, Pitt JI, Larkum AWD. The roles of endolithic fungi in bioerosion and disease in marine ecosystems. I. General concepts. Mycology 2017; 8:205-215. [PMID: 30123641 PMCID: PMC6059151 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2017.1352049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Endolithic true fungi and fungus-like microorganisms penetrate calcareous substrates formed by living organisms, cause significant bioerosion and are involved in diseases of many host animals in marine ecosystems. A theoretical interactive model for the ecology of reef-building corals is proposed in this review. This model includes five principle partners that exist in a dynamic equilibrium: polyps of a colonial coelenterate, endosymbiotic zooxanthellae, endolithic algae (that penetrate coral skeletons), endolithic fungi (that attack the endolithic algae, the zooxanthellae and the polyps) and prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms (which live in the coral mucus). Endolithic fungi and fungus-like boring microorganisms are important components of the marine calcium carbonate cycle because they actively contribute to the biodegradation of shells of animals composed of calcium carbonate and calcareous geological substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank H. Gleason
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Geoffrey M Gadd
- Geomicrobiology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
| | - John I Pitt
- Food, Safety and Quality, CSIRO, Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony W. D Larkum
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Sierra-Fernandez A, De la Rosa-García SC, Gomez-Villalba LS, Gómez-Cornelio S, Rabanal ME, Fort R, Quintana P. Synthesis, Photocatalytic, and Antifungal Properties of MgO, ZnO and Zn/Mg Oxide Nanoparticles for the Protection of Calcareous Stone Heritage. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:24873-24886. [PMID: 28679041 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b06130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
More recently, the biological colonization of stone heritage and consequently its biodeterioration has become the focus of numerous studies. Among all microorganisms, fungi are considered to be one of the most important colonizers and biodegraders on stone materials. This is why the development of new antifungal materials requires immediate action. ZnMgO nanoparticles (NPs) have several exciting applications in different areas, highlighting as an efficient antimicrobial agent for medical application. In this research, the application of Zn-doped MgO (Mg1-xZnxO, x = 0.096) NPs obtained by sol-gel method as antifungal coatings on dolomitic and calcitic stones has been explored as a means to develop effective protective coatings for stone heritage. Moreover, the photocatalytic and antifungal activity of Mg1-xZnxO NPs were comparatively studied with single ZnO and MgO NPs. Thus, compared to the MgO and ZnO nanomaterials, the Mg1-xZnxO NPs exhibited an enhanced photocatalytic activity. After UV irradiation for 60 min, 87% methylene blue was degraded over Zn-doped MgO NPs, whereas only 58% and 38% of MB was degraded over ZnO and MgO NPs, respectively. These nanoparticles also displayed a better antifungal activity than that of single pure MgO or ZnO NPs, inhibiting the growth of fungi Aspergillus niger, Penicillium oxalicum, Paraconiothyrium sp., and Pestalotiopsis maculans, which are especially active in the bioweathering of stone. The improved photocatalytic and antifungal properties detected in the Mg1-xZnxO NPs was attributed to the formation of crystal defects by the incorporation of Zn into MgO. The application of the MgO- and Zn-doped MgO NPs as protective coatings on calcareous stones showed important antifungal properties, inhibiting successfully the epilithic and endolithic colonization of A. niger and P. oxalicum in both lithotypes, and indicating a greater antifungal effectiveness on Zn-doped MgO NPs. The use of Zn-doped MgO NPs may thus represent a highly efficient antifungal protection for calcareous stone heritage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sierra-Fernandez
- Instituto de Geociencias (CSIC, UCM) , C/José Antonio Novais 12, CP 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Carlos III University of Madrid , Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Chemical Engineering, Avda. Universidad 30, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - S C De la Rosa-García
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada, División de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT) , 86040 Villahermosa, Tabasco México
| | - L S Gomez-Villalba
- Instituto de Geociencias (CSIC, UCM) , C/José Antonio Novais 12, CP 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Gómez-Cornelio
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada, División de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT) , 86040 Villahermosa, Tabasco México
| | - M E Rabanal
- Carlos III University of Madrid , Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Chemical Engineering, Avda. Universidad 30, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Tecnológico de Química y Materiales "Álvaro Alonso Barba" (IAAB) , Avda. Universidad 30, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, España
| | - R Fort
- Instituto de Geociencias (CSIC, UCM) , C/José Antonio Novais 12, CP 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Quintana
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, CINVESTAV-IPN , A.P.73, Cordemex, Mérida, Yucatán México
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Gadd GM, Dyer TD. Bioprotection of the built environment and cultural heritage. Microb Biotechnol 2017; 10:1152-1156. [PMID: 28736865 PMCID: PMC5609293 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth of microbial biofilms and various biomineralization phenomena can lead to the formation of stable layers and veneers on rocks known as ‘rock varnishes’ that can stabilize surfaces and protect from further weathering. This article describes the potential application of fungal systems for bioprotection of rock and mineral‐based substrates and the evidence to support this concept of utilizing natural or engineered colonization and metabolic properties of fungi, including lichens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Michael Gadd
- Geomicrobiology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas D Dyer
- Division of Civil Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, United Kingdom
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