51
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Chang PY, Chen JS, Chang SC, Wang MC, Chang NC, Wen YH, Tsai WS, Liu WH, Liu HL, Lu JJ. Acquired somatic TP53 or PIK3CA mutations are potential predictors of when polyps evolve into colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:72352-72362. [PMID: 29069792 PMCID: PMC5641135 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) develops from accumulated mutations. However, which gene determines the malignant transformation from adenoma to carcinoma is still uncertain. Fifty-three formalin fixed paraffin-embedded polyps that had pathological findings from patients with hyperplasia, adenomatous, and tubular adenoma < 1 cm (non-neoplasia polyps, NNP, n = 27) or tubular adenoma ≥ 1 cm, tubulovillous and villous adenoma (neoplastic polyps, NP, n = 26) were recruited. Six paired synchronous polyps and cancer tissues and 50 independent fresh CRC tumors were also collected. All tissues were analyzed for their mutation genomes using next generation sequencing with a 50-gene panel. There were 40 types of somatic variants found in 7 genes, APC (43%), KRAS (28%), TP53 (11%), FBXW7 (8%), GNAS (4%), SMAD4 (2%), and BRAF (2%), and they were detected in 32 (60%) polyps. If combined with the mutation spectrum found in CRC tissues, a significant increase in the mutation rate in TP53 and PIK3CA from NNP, NP, early and late stage carcinoma (7%, 15%, 33.3% and 65% for TP53, p < 0.001; 0%, 0%, 23.3% and 25% for PIK3CA, p = 0.002) were noticed. Furthermore, distinct molecular features can be found in five pairs of synchronous polyps and tumors. However, TP53 or PIK3CA mutations can be found in tumor tissues but not in polyps. By systematically investigating the genome from polyps to tumor tissues, we demonstrated that acquired TP53 or PIK3CA somatic mutations are potential predictors for malignancy development. These results may aid in the identification of high risk individuals with tissues harboring mutations in these two genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pi-Yueh Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinKou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jinn-Shiun Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Cheng Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinKou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chia Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinKou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Chung Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinKou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hao Wen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinKou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Sy Tsai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsiu Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinKou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ling Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinKou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Jih Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinKou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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52
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Slattery ML, Herrick JS, Mullany LE, Samowitz WS, Sevens JR, Sakoda L, Wolff RK. The co-regulatory networks of tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes, and miRNAs in colorectal cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2017; 56:769-787. [PMID: 28675510 PMCID: PMC5597468 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) and oncogenes (OG) are involved in carcinogenesis. MiRNAs also contribute to cellular pathways leading to cancer. We use data from 217 colorectal cancer (CRC) cases to evaluate differences in TSGs and OGs expression between paired CRC and normal mucosa and evaluate how TSGs and OGs are associated with miRNAs. Gene expression data from RNA-Seq and miRNA expression data from Agilent Human miRNA Microarray V19.0 were used. We focus on genes most strongly associated with CRC (fold change (FC) of ≥1.5 or ≤0.67) that were statistically significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Of the 74 TSGs evaluated, 22 were associated with carcinoma/normal mucosa differential expression. Ten TSGs were up-regulated (FAM123B, RB1, TP53, RUNX1, MSH2, BRCA1, BRCA2, SOX9, NPM1, and RNF43); six TSGs were down-regulated (PAX5, IZKF1, GATA3, PRDM1, TET2, and CYLD); four were associated with MSI tumors (MLH1, PTCH1, and CEBPA down-regulated and MSH6 up-regulated); and two were associated with MSS tumors (PHF6 and ASXL1 up-regulated). Thirteen of these TSGs were associated with 44 miRNAs. Twenty-seven of the 59 OGs evaluated were dysregulated: 14 down-regulated (KLF4, BCL2, SSETBP1, FGFR2, TSHR, MPL, KIT, PDGFRA, GNA11, GATA2, FGFR3, AR, CSF1R, and JAK3), seven up-regulated (DNMT1, EZH2, PTPN11, SKP2, CCND1, MET, and MYC); three down-regulated for MSI (FLT3, CARD11, and ALK); two up-regulated for MSI (IDH2 and HRAS); and one up-regulated with MSS tumors (CTNNB1). These findings suggest possible co-regulatory function between TSGs, OGs, and miRNAs, involving both direct and indirect associations that operate through feedback and feedforward loops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lila E Mullany
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Wade S Samowitz
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - John R Sevens
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Utah State University, Logan, Utah
| | - Lori Sakoda
- Kaiser Permanente Medical Research Program, Oakland, California
| | - Roger K Wolff
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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53
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Horne TK, Cronjé MJ. Novel carbohydrate-substituted metallo-porphyrazine comparison for cancer tissue-type specificity during PDT. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 173:412-422. [PMID: 28662468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A longstanding obstacle to cancer eradication centers on the heterogeneous nature of the tissue that manifests it. Variations between cancer cell resistance profiles often result in a survival percentage following classic therapeutics. As an alternative, photodynamic therapys' (PDT) unique non-specific cell damage mechanism and high degree of application control enables it to potentially deliver an efficient treatment regime to a broad range of heterogeneous tissue types thereby overcoming individual resistance profiles. This study follows on from previous design, characterization and solubility analyses of three novel carbohydrate-ligated zinc-porphyrazine (Zn(II)Pz) derivatives. Here we report on their PDT application potential in the treatment of five common cancer tissue types in vitro. Following analyses of metabolic homeostasis, toxicity and cell death induction, overall Zn(II)Pz-PDT proved comparably efficient between all cancer tissue populations. Differential localization patterns of Zn(II)Pz derivatives between cell types did not appear to influence the overall PDT effect. All cell types exhibited significant disruptions to mitochondrial activity and associated ATP production levels. Toxicity and chromatin structure profiles revealed indiscernible patterns of damage between Zn(II)Pz derivatives and cell type. The subtle differences observed between individual Zn(II)Pz derivatives is most likely due to a combination of carbohydrate moiety characteristics on energy transfer processes and associated dosage optimization requirements per tissue type. Collectively, this indicates that resistance profiles are negated to a significant extent by Zn(II)Pz-PDT making these derivatives attractive candidates for PDT applications across multiple tissue types and subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamarisk K Horne
- Dept of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Marianne J Cronjé
- Dept of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006, Gauteng, South Africa.
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54
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Tabrizian T, Wang D, Guan F, Hu Z, Beck AP, Delahaye F, Huffman DM. Apc inactivation, but not obesity, synergizes with Pten deficiency to drive intestinal stem cell-derived tumorigenesis. Endocr Relat Cancer 2017; 24:253-265. [PMID: 28351943 PMCID: PMC5505256 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for colorectal cancer and can accelerate Lgr5+ intestinal stem cell (ISC)-derived tumorigenesis after the inactivation of Apc However, whether non-canonical pathways involving PI3K-Akt signaling in ISCs can lead to tumor formation, and if this can be further exacerbated by obesity is unknown. Despite the synergy between Pten and Apc inactivation in epithelial cells on intestinal tumor formation, their combined role in Lgr5+-ISCs, which are the most rapidly dividing ISC population in the intestine, is unknown. Lgr5+-GFP mice were provided low-fat diet (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 months, and the transcriptome was evaluated in Lgr5+-ISCs. For tumor studies, Lgr5+-GFP and Lgr5+-GFP-Ptenflox/flox mice were tamoxifen treated to inactivate Pten in ISCs and provided LFD or HFD until 14-15 months of age. Finally, various combinations of Lgr5+-ISC-specific, Apc- and Pten-deleted mice were generated and evaluated for histopathology and survival. HFD did not overtly alter Akt signaling in ISCs, but did increase other metabolic pathways. Pten deficiency, but not HFD, increased BrdU-positive cells in the small intestine (P < 0.05). However, combining Pten and Apc deficiency synergistically increased proliferative markers, tumor pathology and mortality, in a dose-dependent fashion (P < 0.05). In summary, we show that HFD alone fails to drive Akt signaling in ISCs and that Pten deficiency is dispensable as a tumor suppressor in Lgr5+-ISCs. However, combining Pten and Apc deficiency in ISCs synergistically increases proliferation, tumor formation and mortality. Thus, aberrant Wnt/β-catenin, rather than PI3K-Akt signaling, is requisite for obesity to drive Lgr5+ ISC-derived tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahmineh Tabrizian
- Department of Molecular PharmacologyAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Institute for Aging ResearchAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Donghai Wang
- Department of Molecular PharmacologyAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Institute for Aging ResearchAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Fangxia Guan
- Department of Molecular PharmacologyAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Institute for Aging ResearchAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Zunju Hu
- Department of Molecular PharmacologyAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Institute for Aging ResearchAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Amanda P Beck
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's HealthAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Fabien Delahaye
- Department of GeneticsAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of PathologyAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Derek M Huffman
- Department of Molecular PharmacologyAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Institute for Aging ResearchAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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55
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Chiou GY, Yang TW, Huang CC, Tang CY, Yen JY, Tsai MC, Chen HY, Fadhilah N, Lin CC, Jong YJ. Musashi-1 promotes a cancer stem cell lineage and chemoresistance in colorectal cancer cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2172. [PMID: 28526879 PMCID: PMC5438397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancers (CRCs) are a critical health issue worldwide. Cancer stem cell (CSC) lineages are associated with tumour transformation, progression, and malignant transformation. However, how lineages are transformed and how chemoresistance is acquired by CRCs remain largely unknown. In this report, we demonstrated that the RNA-binding protein Musashi-1 enhanced the development of CD44+ colorectal CSCs and triggered the formation of anti-apoptotic stress granules (SGs). Our results indicated that CD44+ CSC lineage-specific induction of tumour malignancies was controlled by Musashi-1. In addition, Musashi-1 formed SGs when CRC cell lines were treated with 5-fluorouracil. The C-terminal domain of Musashi-1 was critical for recruitment of Musashi-1 into SGs. Intracellular Musashi-1 SGs enhanced the chemoresistance of CRCs. Analysis of clinical CRC samples indicated that Musashi-1 expression was prominent in CRC stage IIA and IIB. In summary, we demonstrated that Musashi-1, a stemness gene, is a critical modulator that promotes the development of CD44+ colorectal CSCs and also enhances CRC chemoresistance via formation of SGs. Our findings elucidated a novel mechanism of CRC chemoresistance through increased anti-apoptotic effects via Musashi-1-associated SGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Yuh Chiou
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Wei Yang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chou Huang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Colon and Rectum, Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Tang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Yi Yen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chang Tsai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yi Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Nurul Fadhilah
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Che Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Yuh-Jyh Jong
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. .,Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Departments of Paediatrics and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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56
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Gray RT, Cantwell MM, Coleman HG, Loughrey MB, Bankhead P, McQuaid S, O'Neill RF, Arthur K, Bingham V, McGready C, Gavin AT, Cardwell CR, Johnston BT, James JA, Hamilton PW, Salto-Tellez M, Murray LJ. Evaluation of PTGS2 Expression, PIK3CA Mutation, Aspirin Use and Colon Cancer Survival in a Population-Based Cohort Study. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2017; 8:e91. [PMID: 28448072 PMCID: PMC5543466 DOI: 10.1038/ctg.2017.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The association between aspirin use and improved survival after colorectal cancer diagnosis may be more pronounced in tumors that have PIK3CA mutations or high PTGS2 expression. However, the evidence of a difference in association by biomarker status lacks consistency. In this population-based colon cancer cohort study the interaction between these biomarkers, aspirin use, and survival was assessed. METHODS The cohort consisted of 740 stage II and III colon cancer patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2008. Aspirin use was determined through clinical note review. Tissue blocks were retrieved to determine immunohistochemical assessment of PTGS2 expression and the presence of PIK3CA mutations. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for colorectal cancer-specific and overall survival. RESULTS In this cohort aspirin use was associated with a 31% improvement in cancer-specific survival compared to non-use (adjusted HR=0.69, 95% CI 0.47-0.98). This effect was more pronounced in tumors with high PTGS2 expression (PTGS2-high adjusted HR=0.55, 95% CI 0.32-0.96) compared to those with low PTGS2 expression (PTGS2-low adjusted HR=1.19, 95% CI 0.68-2.07, P for interaction=0.09). The aspirin by PTGS2 interaction was significant for overall survival (PTGS2-high adjusted HR=0.64, 95% CI 0.42-0.98 vs. PTGS2-low adjusted HR=1.28, 95% CI 0.80-2.03, P for interaction=0.04). However, no interaction was observed between aspirin use and PIK3CA mutation status for colorectal cancer-specific or overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Aspirin use was associated with improved survival outcomes in this population-based cohort of colon cancer patients. This association differed according to PTGS2 expression but not PIK3CA mutation status. Limiting adjuvant aspirin trials to PIK3CA-mutant colorectal cancer may be too restrictive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan T Gray
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Services Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Marie M Cantwell
- Nutrition and Metabolism Group, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Helen G Coleman
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Services Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Maurice B Loughrey
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
- Tissue Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Peter Bankhead
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Stephen McQuaid
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
- Northern Ireland Biobank, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Roisin F O'Neill
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Services Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Kenneth Arthur
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Victoria Bingham
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Claire McGready
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Anna T Gavin
- Northern Ireland Cancer Registry, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Chris R Cardwell
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Services Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Brian T Johnston
- Department of Gastroenterology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Jacqueline A James
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
- Tissue Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland
- Northern Ireland Biobank, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Peter W Hamilton
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Manuel Salto-Tellez
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
- Tissue Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Liam J Murray
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Services Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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Hepatocyte Growth Factor, a Key Tumor-Promoting Factor in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9040035. [PMID: 28420162 PMCID: PMC5406710 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9040035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment plays a key role in tumor development and progression. Stromal cells secrete growth factors, cytokines and extracellular matrix proteins which promote growth, survival and metastatic spread of cancer cells. Fibroblasts are the predominant constituent of the tumor stroma and Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF), the specific ligand for the tyrosine kinase receptor c-MET, is a major component of their secretome. Indeed, cancer-associated fibroblasts have been shown to promote growth, survival and migration of cancer cells in an HGF-dependent manner. Fibroblasts also confer resistance to anti-cancer therapy through HGF-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and activation of pro-survival signaling pathways such as ERK and AKT in tumor cells. Constitutive HGF/MET signaling in cancer cells is associated with increased tumor aggressiveness and predicts poor outcome in cancer patients. Due to its role in tumor progression and therapeutic resistance, both HGF and MET have emerged as valid therapeutic targets. Several inhibitors of MET and HGF are currently being tested in clinical trials. Preclinical data provide a strong indication that inhibitors of HGF/MET signaling overcome both primary and acquired resistance to EGFR, HER2, and BRAF targeting agents. These findings support the notion that co-targeting of cancer cells and stromal cells is required to prevent therapeutic resistance and to increase the overall survival rate of cancer patients. HGF dependence has emerged as a hallmark of therapeutic resistance, suggesting that inhibitors of biological activity of HGF should be included into therapeutic regimens of cancer patients.
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58
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Hamada T, Keum N, Nishihara R, Ogino S. Molecular pathological epidemiology: new developing frontiers of big data science to study etiologies and pathogenesis. J Gastroenterol 2017; 52:265-275. [PMID: 27738762 PMCID: PMC5325774 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-016-1272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) is an integrative field that utilizes molecular pathology to incorporate interpersonal heterogeneity of a disease process into epidemiology. In each individual, the development and progression of a disease are determined by a unique combination of exogenous and endogenous factors, resulting in different molecular and pathological subtypes of the disease. Based on "the unique disease principle," the primary aim of MPE is to uncover an interactive relationship between a specific environmental exposure and disease subtypes in determining disease incidence and mortality. This MPE approach can provide etiologic and pathogenic insights, potentially contributing to precision medicine for personalized prevention and treatment. Although breast, prostate, lung, and colorectal cancers have been among the most commonly studied diseases, the MPE approach can be used to study any disease. In addition to molecular features, host immune status and microbiome profile likely affect a disease process, and thus serve as informative biomarkers. As such, further integration of several disciplines into MPE has been achieved (e.g., pharmaco-MPE, immuno-MPE, and microbial MPE), to provide novel insights into underlying etiologic mechanisms. With the advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies, available genomic and epigenomic data have expanded dramatically. The MPE approach can also provide a specific risk estimate for each disease subgroup, thereby enhancing the impact of genome-wide association studies on public health. In this article, we present recent progress of MPE, and discuss the importance of accounting for the disease heterogeneity in the era of big-data health science and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Hamada
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave., Room SM1036, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - NaNa Keum
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave., Room SM1036, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave., Room SM1036, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave., Room SM1036, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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59
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Lee HS, Kim WH, Kwak Y, Koh J, Bae JM, Kim KM, Chang MS, Han HS, Kim JM, Kim HW, Chang HK, Choi YH, Park JY, Gu MJ, Lhee MJ, Kim JY, Kim HS, Cho MY. Molecular Testing for Gastrointestinal Cancer. J Pathol Transl Med 2017; 51:103-121. [PMID: 28219002 PMCID: PMC5357760 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2017.01.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
With recent advances in molecular diagnostic methods and targeted cancer therapies, several molecular tests have been recommended for gastric cancer (GC) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Microsatellite instability analysis of gastrointestinal cancers is performed to screen for Lynch syndrome, predict favorable prognosis, and screen patients for immunotherapy. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor has been approved in metastatic CRCs with wildtype RAS (KRAS and NRAS exon 2-4). A BRAF mutation is required for predicting poor prognosis. Additionally, amplification of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and MET is also associated with resistance to EGFR inhibitor in metastatic CRC patients. The BRAF V600E mutation is found in sporadic microsatellite unstable CRCs, and thus is helpful for ruling out Lynch syndrome. In addition, the KRAS mutation is a prognostic biomarker and the PIK3CA mutation is a molecular biomarker predicting response to phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors and response to aspirin therapy in CRC patients. Additionally, HER2 testing should be performed in all recurrent or metastatic GCs. If the results of HER2 immunohistochemistry are equivocal, HER2 silver or fluorescence in situ hybridization testing are essential for confirmative determination of HER2 status. Epstein-Barr virus-positive GCs have distinct characteristics, including heavy lymphoid stroma, hypermethylation phenotype, and high expression of immune modulators. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing technologies enable us to examine various genetic alterations using a single test. Pathologists play a crucial role in ensuring reliable molecular testing and they should also take an integral role between molecular laboratories and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Seung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoonjin Kwak
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiwon Koh
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Mo Bae
- Department of Pathology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mee Soo Chang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pathology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Seung Han
- Department of Pathology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hwal Woong Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seegene Medical Foundation, Busan, Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Chang
- Department of Pathology, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Young Hee Choi
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, Korea
| | - Ji Y. Park
- Department of Pathology, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Mi Jin Gu
- Department of Pathology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Min Jin Lhee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul Red Cross Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Sung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mee-Yon Cho
- Department of Pathology, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - The Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group of Korean Society of Pathologists
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pathology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Seegene Medical Foundation, Busan, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Seoul Red Cross Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - The Molecular Pathology Study Group of Korean Society of Pathologists
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pathology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Seegene Medical Foundation, Busan, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Seoul Red Cross Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
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60
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Noncoding RNAs in the development, diagnosis, and prognosis of colorectal cancer. Transl Res 2017; 181:108-120. [PMID: 27810413 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
More than 90% of the human genome is actively transcribed, but less than 2% of the total genome encodes protein-coding RNA, and thus, noncoding RNA (ncRNA) is a major component of the human transcriptome. Recently, ncRNA was demonstrated to play important roles in multiple biological processes by directly or indirectly interfering with gene expression, and the dysregulation of ncRNA is associated with a variety of diseases, including cancer. In this review, we summarize the function and mechanism of miRNA, long intergenic ncRNA, and some other types of ncRNAs, such as small nucleolar RNA, circular ncRNA, pseudogene RNA, and even protein-coding mRNA, in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). We also presented their clinical application in the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC. The summary of the current state of ncRNA in CRC will contribute to our understanding of the complex processes of CRC initiation and development and will help in the discovery of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for CRC diagnosis and treatment.
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61
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Micolucci L, Rippo MR, Olivieri F, Procopio AD. Progress of research on microRNAs with diagnostic value in asbestos exposure: A call for method standardization. Biosci Trends 2017; 11:105-109. [PMID: 28133000 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2016.01249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an insidious, lethal asbestos-related cancer that is poorly responsive to current treatments. Specific and sensitive biomarkers providing early MM diagnosis in exposed subjects, who are at high-risk of developing it, are sorely needed. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, non-coding, small RNAs with a well-established diagnostic role in cancer and pollution exposure. In a recent systematic review and qualitative meta-analysis followed by a functional investigation, we examined all the available data on the miRNA biomarkers involved in asbestos exposure and MM pathways. This invited commentary aims to provide an insightful critique into the state of the art of the research into clinically relevant miRNA biomarkers, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of current research efforts in this field. It also reviews the suggestions advanced to improve biomarker development productivity and the translation of research results into clinical practice, stressing that multicenter multidisciplinary studies adopting standardized methods and protocol sharing are the key to move from the workbench to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigina Micolucci
- Computational Pathology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche
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62
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Aran V, Victorino AP, Thuler LC, Ferreira CG. Colorectal Cancer: Epidemiology, Disease Mechanisms and Interventions to Reduce Onset and Mortality. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2016; 15:195-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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63
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Jiang MJ, Dai JJ, Gu DN, Huang Q, Tian L. Aspirin in pancreatic cancer: chemopreventive effects and therapeutic potentials. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2016; 1866:163-176. [PMID: 27567928 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies with dismal prognosis. Recently, aspirin has been found to be an effective chemopreventive agent for many solid tumors. However, the function of aspirin use in pancreatic cancer largely remains unknown. We herein argued that aspirin could also lower the risk of pancreatic cancer. Importantly, aspirin assumes pleiotropic effects by targeting multiple molecules. It could further target the unique tumor biology of pancreatic cancer and modify the cancer microenvironment, thus showing remarkable therapeutic potentials. Besides, aspirin could reverse the chemoradiation resistance by repressing tumor repopulation and exert synergistic potentials with metformin on pancreatic cancer chemoprevention. Moreover, aspirin secondarily benefits pancreatic cancer patients through modestly reducing cancer pain and the risk of venous thromboembolism. Furthermore, new aspirin derivatives and delivery systems might help to improve risk-to-benefit ratio. In brief, aspirin is a promising chemopreventive agent and exerts significant therapeutic potentials in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jie Jiang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Juan-Juan Dai
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Dian-Na Gu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ling Tian
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China.
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64
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Serrano-Heras G, Cuenca-López MD, Montero JC, Corrales-Sanchez V, Morales JC, Núñez LE, Morís F, Pandiella A, Ocaña A. Phospho-kinase profile of colorectal tumors guides in the selection of multi-kinase inhibitors. Oncotarget 2016; 6:31272-83. [PMID: 26418718 PMCID: PMC4741604 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases play a central role in the oncogenesis of colorectal tumors and are attractive druggable targets. Detection of activated kinases within a tumor could open avenues for drug selection and optimization of new kinase inhibitors. By using a phosphokinase arrays with human colorectal tumors we identified activated kinases, including the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), components of the PI3K/mTOR pathway (AKT and S6), and STAT, among others. A pharmacological screening with kinase inhibitors against these proteins helped us to identify a new kinase inhibitor, termed EC-70124 that showed the highest anti-proliferative activity in cell lines. EC-70124 also inhibited cell migration and biochemical experiments demonstrated its effect targeting the PI3K/mTOR pathway. This drug also arrested cells at G2/M and induced apoptosis. Experiments in combination with standard chemotherapy used in the clinical setting indicated a synergistic effect. EC-70124 also reduced tumor growth in vivo and inhibited pS6 in the implanted tumors. In conclusion, by studying the kinase profile of colorectal tumors, we identified relevant activated pathways, and a new multi-kinase compound with significant antitumor properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alberto Ocaña
- Translational Research Unit, Albacete University Hospital, Albacete, Spain
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65
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Kudryavtseva AV, Lipatova AV, Zaretsky AR, Moskalev AA, Fedorova MS, Rasskazova AS, Shibukhova GA, Snezhkina AV, Kaprin AD, Alekseev BY, Dmitriev AA, Krasnov GS. Important molecular genetic markers of colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:53959-53983. [PMID: 27276710 PMCID: PMC5288236 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third in the incidences of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. CRC is rather heterogeneous with regard to molecular genetic characteristics and pathogenic pathways. A wide spectrum of biomarkers is used for molecular subtype determination, prognosis, and estimation of sensitivity to different drugs in practice. These biomarkers can include germline and somatic mutations, chromosomal aberrations, genomic abnormalities, gene expression alterations at mRNA or protein level and changes in DNA methylation status. In the present review we discuss the most important and well-studied CRC biomarkers, and their potential clinical significance and current approaches to molecular classification of colorectal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V. Kudryavtseva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia V. Lipatova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrew R. Zaretsky
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Moskalev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria S. Fedorova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Galina A. Shibukhova
- National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Andrey D. Kaprin
- National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris Y. Alekseev
- National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Dmitriev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - George S. Krasnov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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66
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Van Cutsem E, Cervantes A, Adam R, Sobrero A, Van Krieken JH, Aderka D, Aranda Aguilar E, Bardelli A, Benson A, Bodoky G, Ciardiello F, D'Hoore A, Diaz-Rubio E, Douillard JY, Ducreux M, Falcone A, Grothey A, Gruenberger T, Haustermans K, Heinemann V, Hoff P, Köhne CH, Labianca R, Laurent-Puig P, Ma B, Maughan T, Muro K, Normanno N, Österlund P, Oyen WJG, Papamichael D, Pentheroudakis G, Pfeiffer P, Price TJ, Punt C, Ricke J, Roth A, Salazar R, Scheithauer W, Schmoll HJ, Tabernero J, Taïeb J, Tejpar S, Wasan H, Yoshino T, Zaanan A, Arnold D. ESMO consensus guidelines for the management of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2016; 27:1386-422. [PMID: 27380959 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2243] [Impact Index Per Article: 280.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies in Western countries. Over the last 20 years, and the last decade in particular, the clinical outcome for patients with metastatic CRC (mCRC) has improved greatly due not only to an increase in the number of patients being referred for and undergoing surgical resection of their localised metastatic disease but also to a more strategic approach to the delivery of systemic therapy and an expansion in the use of ablative techniques. This reflects the increase in the number of patients that are being managed within a multidisciplinary team environment and specialist cancer centres, and the emergence over the same time period not only of improved imaging techniques but also prognostic and predictive molecular markers. Treatment decisions for patients with mCRC must be evidence-based. Thus, these ESMO consensus guidelines have been developed based on the current available evidence to provide a series of evidence-based recommendations to assist in the treatment and management of patients with mCRC in this rapidly evolving treatment setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Van Cutsem
- Digestive Oncology, University Hospitals Gasthuisberg Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Cervantes
- Medical Oncology Department, INCLIVA University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Adam
- Hepato-Biliary Centre, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France
| | - A Sobrero
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS San Martino Hospital, Genova, Italy
| | - J H Van Krieken
- Research Institute for Oncology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - D Aderka
- Division of Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - E Aranda Aguilar
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
| | - A Bardelli
- School of Medicine, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - A Benson
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern Medical Group, Chicago, USA
| | - G Bodoky
- Department of Oncology, St László Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - F Ciardiello
- Division of Medical Oncology, Seconda Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - A D'Hoore
- Abdominal Surgery, University Hospitals Gasthuisberg Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - E Diaz-Rubio
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - J-Y Douillard
- Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest (ICO), St Herblain
| | - M Ducreux
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - A Falcone
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, University Hospital 'S. Chiara', Istituto Toscano Tumori, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Grothey
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - T Gruenberger
- Department of Surgery I, Rudolfstiftung Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - K Haustermans
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Gasthuisberg and KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - V Heinemann
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Clinic Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - P Hoff
- Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C-H Köhne
- Northwest German Cancer Center, University Campus Klinikum Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - R Labianca
- Cancer Center, Ospedale Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - P Laurent-Puig
- Digestive Oncology Department, European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - B Ma
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - T Maughan
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Gray Laboratories, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - K Muro
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Outpatient Treatment Center, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - N Normanno
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, I.N.T. Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - P Österlund
- Helsinki University Central Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - W J G Oyen
- The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - D Papamichael
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bank of Cyprus Oncology Centre, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - G Pentheroudakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - P Pfeiffer
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - T J Price
- Haematology and Medical Oncology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, Australia
| | - C Punt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Ricke
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Clinic Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - A Roth
- Digestive Tumors Unit, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R Salazar
- Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - W Scheithauer
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - H J Schmoll
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Clinic Halle, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - J Tabernero
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d' Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (V.H.I.O.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Taïeb
- Digestive Oncology Department, European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - S Tejpar
- Digestive Oncology, University Hospitals Gasthuisberg Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - H Wasan
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - T Yoshino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - A Zaanan
- Digestive Oncology Department, European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - D Arnold
- Instituto CUF de Oncologia (ICO), Lisbon, Portugal
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67
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Application of next-generation sequencing in gastrointestinal and liver tumors. Cancer Lett 2016; 374:187-91. [PMID: 26916979 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Malignant transformation of normal cells is associated with the evolution of genomic alterations. This concept has led to the development of molecular testing platforms to identify genomic alterations that can be targeted with novel therapies. Next generation sequencing (NGS) has heralded a new era in precision medicine in which tumor genes can be studied efficiently. Recent developments in NGS have allowed investigators to identify genomic predictive makers and hereditary mutations to guide treatment decision. The application of NGS in gastrointestinal cancers is being extensively studied but continues to face substantial challenges. In our review, we discuss various NGS platforms and highlight their role in identifying familial mutations and markers of response or resistance to cancer therapy. We also provide a balanced discussion of the challenges that limit the routine use of NGS in clinical practice.
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68
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Turturro SB, Najor MS, Ruby CE, Cobleigh MA, Abukhdeir AM. Mutations in PIK3CA sensitize breast cancer cells to physiologic levels of aspirin. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016; 156:33-43. [PMID: 26915040 PMCID: PMC4788696 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-3729-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A review of the literature finds that women diagnosed with breast cancer, who were on an aspirin regimen, experienced a decreased risk of distant metastases and death. Several recent studies have reported an improvement in overall survival in colorectal cancer patients who harbored mutations in the oncogene PIK3CA and received a daily aspirin regimen. Breast cancer patients on a daily aspirin regimen experienced decreased risk of distant metastases and death. PIK3CA is the most frequently mutated oncogene in breast cancer, occurring in up to 45 % of all breast cancers. In order to determine if mutations in PIK3CA sensitized breast cancers to aspirin treatment, we employed the use of isogenic cellular clones of the non-tumorigenic, breast epithelial cell line MCF-10A that harbored mutations in either PIK3CA or KRAS or both. We report that mutations in both PIK3CA and KRAS are required for the greatest aspirin sensitivity in breast cancer, and that the GSK3β protein was hyperphosphorylated in aspirin-treated double knockin cells, but not in other clones/treatments. A more modest effect was observed with single mutant PIK3CA, but not KRAS alone. These observations were further confirmed in a panel of breast cancer cell lines. Our findings provide the first evidence that mutations in PIK3CA sensitize breast cancer cells to aspirin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja B Turturro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Cell Therapy, Rush University Medical Center, 1725 W. Harrison St., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Matthew S Najor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Cell Therapy, Rush University Medical Center, 1725 W. Harrison St., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Carl E Ruby
- Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1725 W. Harrison St., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Melody A Cobleigh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Cell Therapy, Rush University Medical Center, 1725 W. Harrison St., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Abde M Abukhdeir
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Cell Therapy, Rush University Medical Center, 1725 W. Harrison St., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, Rush University Medical Center, 1735 W. Harrison St., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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69
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Abstract
The hallmarks of premalignant lesions were first described in the 1970s, a time when relatively little was known about the molecular underpinnings of cancer. Yet it was clear there must be opportunities to intervene early in carcinogenesis. A vast array of molecular information has since been uncovered, with much of this stemming from studies of existing cancer or cancer models. Here, examples of how an understanding of cancer biology has informed cancer prevention studies are highlighted and emerging areas that may have implications for the field of cancer prevention research are described. A note of caution accompanies these examples, in that while there are similarities, there are also fundamental differences between the biology of premalignant lesions or premalignant conditions and invasive cancer. These differences must be kept in mind, and indeed leveraged, when exploring potential cancer prevention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bríd M Ryan
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA..
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70
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Nishi A, Milner DA, Giovannucci EL, Nishihara R, Tan AS, Kawachi I, Ogino S. Integration of molecular pathology, epidemiology and social science for global precision medicine. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2015; 16:11-23. [PMID: 26636627 PMCID: PMC4713314 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2016.1115346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The precision medicine concept and the unique disease principle imply that each patient has unique pathogenic processes resulting from heterogeneous cellular genetic and epigenetic alterations and interactions between cells (including immune cells) and exposures, including dietary, environmental, microbial and lifestyle factors. As a core method field in population health science and medicine, epidemiology is a growing scientific discipline that can analyze disease risk factors and develop statistical methodologies to maximize utilization of big data on populations and disease pathology. The evolving transdisciplinary field of molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) can advance biomedical and health research by linking exposures to molecular pathologic signatures, enhancing causal inference and identifying potential biomarkers for clinical impact. The MPE approach can be applied to any diseases, although it has been most commonly used in neoplastic diseases (including breast, lung and colorectal cancers) because of availability of various molecular diagnostic tests. However, use of state-of-the-art genomic, epigenomic and other omic technologies and expensive drugs in modern healthcare systems increases racial, ethnic and socioeconomic disparities. To address this, we propose to integrate molecular pathology, epidemiology and social science. Social epidemiology integrates the latter two fields. The integrative social MPE model can embrace sociology, economics and precision medicine, address global health disparities and inequalities, and elucidate biological effects of social environments, behaviors and networks. We foresee advancements of molecular medicine, including molecular diagnostics, biomedical imaging and targeted therapeutics, which should benefit individuals in a global population, by means of an interdisciplinary approach of integrative MPE and social health science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Nishi
- Yale Institute for Network Science, New Haven, CT, USA (AN); Department of Sociology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA (AN); Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (DAM, SO); Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA (DAM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA (ELG, RN, SO); Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA (ELG, RN); Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (ELG); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA (RN); Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA (RN, AST, SO); Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA (AST, IK)
| | - Danny A Milner
- Yale Institute for Network Science, New Haven, CT, USA (AN); Department of Sociology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA (AN); Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (DAM, SO); Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA (DAM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA (ELG, RN, SO); Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA (ELG, RN); Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (ELG); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA (RN); Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA (RN, AST, SO); Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA (AST, IK)
| | - Edward L. Giovannucci
- Yale Institute for Network Science, New Haven, CT, USA (AN); Department of Sociology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA (AN); Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (DAM, SO); Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA (DAM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA (ELG, RN, SO); Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA (ELG, RN); Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (ELG); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA (RN); Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA (RN, AST, SO); Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA (AST, IK)
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- Yale Institute for Network Science, New Haven, CT, USA (AN); Department of Sociology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA (AN); Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (DAM, SO); Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA (DAM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA (ELG, RN, SO); Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA (ELG, RN); Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (ELG); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA (RN); Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA (RN, AST, SO); Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA (AST, IK)
| | - Andy S. Tan
- Yale Institute for Network Science, New Haven, CT, USA (AN); Department of Sociology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA (AN); Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (DAM, SO); Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA (DAM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA (ELG, RN, SO); Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA (ELG, RN); Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (ELG); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA (RN); Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA (RN, AST, SO); Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA (AST, IK)
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Yale Institute for Network Science, New Haven, CT, USA (AN); Department of Sociology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA (AN); Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (DAM, SO); Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA (DAM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA (ELG, RN, SO); Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA (ELG, RN); Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (ELG); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA (RN); Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA (RN, AST, SO); Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA (AST, IK)
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Yale Institute for Network Science, New Haven, CT, USA (AN); Department of Sociology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA (AN); Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (DAM, SO); Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA (DAM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA (ELG, RN, SO); Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA (ELG, RN); Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (ELG); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA (RN); Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA (RN, AST, SO); Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA (AST, IK)
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Wang M, Spiegelman D, Kuchiba A, Lochhead P, Kim S, Chan AT, Poole EM, Tamimi R, Tworoger SS, Giovannucci E, Rosner B, Ogino S. Statistical methods for studying disease subtype heterogeneity. Stat Med 2015; 35:782-800. [PMID: 26619806 DOI: 10.1002/sim.6793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental goal of epidemiologic research is to investigate the relationship between exposures and disease risk. Cases of the disease are often considered a single outcome and assumed to share a common etiology. However, evidence indicates that many human diseases arise and evolve through a range of heterogeneous molecular pathologic processes, influenced by diverse exposures. Pathogenic heterogeneity has been considered in various neoplasms such as colorectal, lung, prostate, and breast cancers, leukemia and lymphoma, and non-neoplastic diseases, including obesity, type II diabetes, glaucoma, stroke, cardiovascular disease, autism, and autoimmune disease. In this article, we discuss analytic options for studying disease subtype heterogeneity, emphasizing methods for evaluating whether the association of a potential risk factor with disease varies by disease subtype. Methods are described for scenarios where disease subtypes are categorical and ordinal and for cohort studies, matched and unmatched case-control studies, and case-case study designs. For illustration, we apply the methods to a molecular pathological epidemiology study of alcohol intake and colon cancer risk by tumor LINE-1 methylation subtypes. User-friendly software to implement the methods is publicly available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molin Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, U.S.A.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, U.S.A.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| | - Donna Spiegelman
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, U.S.A.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, U.S.A.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, U.S.A.,Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| | - Aya Kuchiba
- Department of Biostatistics, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Paul Lochhead
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| | - Sehee Kim
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, U.S.A
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, U.S.A.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| | - Elizabeth M Poole
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| | - Rulla Tamimi
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, U.S.A.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, U.S.A.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, U.S.A.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, U.S.A.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, U.S.A.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, U.S.A.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, U.S.A.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, U.S.A
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72
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Hanyuda A, Kim SA, Martinez-Fernandez A, Qian ZR, Yamauchi M, Nishihara R, Morikawa T, Liao X, Inamura K, Mima K, Cao Y, Zhang X, Wu K, Chan AT, Giovannucci EL, Meyerhardt JA, Fuchs CS, Shivdasani RA, Ogino S. Survival Benefit of Exercise Differs by Tumor IRS1 Expression Status in Colorectal Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2015; 23:908-17. [PMID: 26577117 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-015-4967-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-level physical activity is associated with lower colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality, likely through insulin sensitization. Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) is a mediator of insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathways, and its down-regulation is associated with insulin resistance. Therefore, we hypothesized that tumor IRS1 expression status might modify cellular sensitivity to insulin and IGF, and the prognostic association of physical activity. METHODS We assessed IRS1 expression level in 371 stage I-III rectal and colon cancers in the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study by immunohistochemistry. In survival analysis, Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess an interaction between post-diagnosis physical activity (ordinal scale of sex-specific quartiles Q1 to Q4) and IRS1 expression (ordinal scale of negative, low, and high), controlling for potential confounders, including microsatellite instability, CpG island methylator phenotype, long interspersed nucleotide element-1 (LINE-1) methylation level, and KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutation status. RESULTS There was a statistically significant interaction between post-diagnosis physical activity and tumor IRS1 expression in CRC-specific mortality analysis (P interaction = 0.005). Multivariable hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for higher post-diagnosis physical activity (Q3-Q4 vs. Q1-Q2) was 0.15 (0.02-1.38) in the IRS1-negative group, 0.45 (0.19-1.03) in the IRS1-low group, and 1.32 (0.50-3.53) in the IRS1-high group. CONCLUSIONS The association of post-diagnosis physical activity with colorectal carcinoma patient survival may differ by tumor IRS1 expression level. If validated, tumor IRS1 expression status may serve as a predictive marker to identify subgroups of patients who might gain greater survival benefit from an increased level of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Hanyuda
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sun A Kim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Zhi Rong Qian
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mai Yamauchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Teppei Morikawa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiaoyun Liao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kentaro Inamura
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, JFCR, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Mima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yin Cao
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ramesh A Shivdasani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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73
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Evolutionary history of phosphatidylinositol- 3-kinases: ancestral origin in eukaryotes and complex duplication patterns. BMC Evol Biol 2015; 15:226. [PMID: 26482564 PMCID: PMC4617754 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0498-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases (PI3Ks) are a family of eukaryotic enzymes modifying phosphoinositides in phosphatidylinositols-3-phosphate. Located upstream of the AKT/mTOR signalling pathway, PI3Ks activate secondary messengers of extracellular signals. They are involved in many critical cellular processes such as cell survival, angiogenesis and autophagy. PI3K family is divided into three classes, including 14 human homologs. While class II enzymes are composed of a single catalytic subunit, class I and III also contain regulatory subunits. Here we present an in-depth phylogenetic analysis of all PI3K proteins. RESULTS We confirmed that PI3K catalytic subunits form a monophyletic group, whereas regulatory subunits form three distinct groups. The phylogeny of the catalytic subunits indicates that they underwent two major duplications during their evolutionary history: the most ancient arose in the Last Eukaryotic Common Ancestor (LECA) and led to the emergence of class III and class I/II, while the second - that led to the separation between class I and II - occurred later, in the ancestor of Unikonta (i.e., the clade grouping Amoebozoa, Fungi, and Metazoa). These two major events were followed by many lineage specific duplications in particular in vertebrates, but also in various protist lineages. Major loss events were also detected in Vidiriplantae and Fungi. For the regulatory subunits, we identified homologs of class III in all eukaryotic groups indicating that, for this class, both the catalytic and the regulatory subunits were presents in LECA. In contrast, homologs of the regulatory class I have a more recent origin. CONCLUSIONS The phylogenetic analysis of the PI3K shed a new light on the evolutionary history of these enzymes. We found that LECA already contained a PI3K class III composed of a catalytic and a regulatory subunit. Absence of class II regulatory subunits and the recent origin of class I regulatory subunits is puzzling given that the class I/II catalytic subunit was present in LECA and has been conserved in most present-day eukaryotic lineages. We also found surprising major loss and duplication events in various eukaryotic lineages. Given the functional specificity of PI3K proteins, this suggests dynamic adaptation during the diversification of eukaryotes.
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Mima K, Nishihara R, Nowak JA, Kim SA, Song M, Inamura K, Sukawa Y, Masuda A, Yang J, Dou R, Nosho K, Baba H, Giovannucci EL, Bowden M, Loda M, Giannakis M, Bass AJ, Dranoff G, Freeman GJ, Chan AT, Fuchs CS, Qian ZR, Ogino S. MicroRNA MIR21 and T Cells in Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2015; 4:33-40. [PMID: 26419959 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-15-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The complex interactions between colorectal neoplasia and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment remain to be elucidated. Experimental evidence suggests that microRNA MIR21 (miR-21) suppresses antitumor T-cell-mediated immunity. Thus, we hypothesized that tumor MIR21 expression might be inversely associated with T-cell density in colorectal carcinoma tissue. Using 538 rectal and colon cancer cases from the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, we measured tumor MIR21 expression by a quantitative reverse-transcription PCR assay. Densities of CD3(+), CD8(+), CD45RO (PTPRC)(+), and FOXP3(+) cells in tumor tissue were determined by tissue microarray immunohistochemistry and computer-assisted image analysis. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association of MIR21 expression (ordinal quartiles as a predictor variable) with T-cell density (ordinal quartiles as an outcome variable), adjusting for tumor molecular features, including microsatellite instability; CpG island methylator phenotype; KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutations; and LINE-1 methylation. We adjusted the two-sided α level to 0.012 for multiple hypothesis testing. Tumor MIR21 expression was inversely associated with densities of CD3(+) and CD45RO(+) cells (Ptrend < 0.0005). The multivariate odds ratio of the highest versus lowest quartile of MIR21 for a unit increase in quartile categories of CD3(+) or CD45RO(+) cells was 0.44 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.28 to 0.68] or 0.41 (95% CI, 0.26-0.64), respectively. Our data support a possible role of tumor epigenetic deregulation by noncoding RNA in suppressing the antitumor T-cell-mediated adaptive immune response and suggest MIR21 as a potential target for immunotherapy and prevention in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Mima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan A Nowak
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sun A Kim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kentaro Inamura
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yasutaka Sukawa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Atsuhiro Masuda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Juhong Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ruoxu Dou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katsuhiko Nosho
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology, and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michaela Bowden
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Adam J Bass
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Glenn Dranoff
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gordon J Freeman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zhi Rong Qian
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Abstract
Various clinical and epidemiologic studies show that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including aspirin and cyclooxygenase inhibitors (COXIBs) help prevent cancer. Since eicosanoid metabolism is the main inhibitory targets of these drugs the resulting molecular and biological impact is generally accepted. As our knowledge base and technology progress we are learning that additional targets may be involved. This review attempts to summarize these new developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Umar
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Vernon E Steele
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David G Menter
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ernest T Hawk
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
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77
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Emelyanova MA, Amossenko FA, Semyanikhina AV, Aliev VA, Barsukov YA, Lyubchenko LN, Nasedkina TV. Biochip detection of KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA somatic mutations in colorectal cancer patients. Mol Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893315040032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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78
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Zheng Y, Guo J, Zhou J, Lu J, Chen Q, Zhang C, Qing C, Koeffler HP, Tong Y. FoxM1 transactivates PTTG1 and promotes colorectal cancer cell migration and invasion. BMC Med Genomics 2015; 8:49. [PMID: 26264222 PMCID: PMC4534164 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-015-0126-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metastasis is the major cause of cancer-related death. Forkhead Box M1 (FoxM1) is a master regulator of tumor metastasis. This study aims to identify new FoxM1 targets in regulating tumor metastasis using bioinformatics tools as well as biological experiments. Methods Illumina microarray was used to profile WT and PTTG1 knockout HCT116 cells. R2 Genomics Analysis was used to identify PTTG1 as a potential FoxM1 targeted gene. Luciferase reporter array, EMSA and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) were used to determine the binding of FoxM1 to PTTG1 promoter. Boyden chamber assay was used to evaluate the effects of FoxM1-PTTG1 on cell migration and invasion. Splenic-injection induced liver metastasis model was used to evaluate the effects of FoxM1-PTTG1 on liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. Results Analyses of multiple microarray datasets derived from human colorectal cancer indicated that correlation levels of FoxM1 and pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG1) are highly concordant (R = 0.68 ~ 0.89, p = 2.1E-226 ~ 9.6E-86). FoxM1 over-expression increased and knock-down decreased PTTG1 expression. Luciferase reporter assay identified that the −600 to −300 bp region of PTTG1 promoter is important for FoxM1 to enhance PTTG1 promoter activity. EMSA and ChIP assays confirmed that FoxM1 directly binds to PTTG1 promoter at the −391 to −385 bp region in colorectal cancer cells. Boyden chamber assay indicated that both FoxM1 and PTTG1 regulate migration and invasion of HCT116 and SW620 colorectal cancer cells. Further in vivo assays indicated that PTTG1 knock out decreased the liver metastasis of FoxM1 over-expressing HCT116 cells. Microarray analyses identified 662 genes (FDR < 0.05) differentially expressed between WT and PTTG1−/− HCT116 cells. Among them, dickkopf homolog 1 (DKK1), a known WNT pathway inhibitor, was suppressed by PTTG1 and FoxM1. Conclusions PTTG1 is a FoxM1 targeted gene. FoxM1 binds to PTTG1 promoter to enhance PTTG1 transcription, and FoxM1-PTTG1 pathway promotes colorectal cancer migration and invasion. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12920-015-0126-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Room 3021, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA. .,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jinjun Guo
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Room 3021, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA. .,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jin Zhou
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Jinjian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Room 3021, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| | - Cui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 East Jinsui Ave, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
| | - Chen Qing
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kunming Medical University, 1168 Western Chunrong Road,Yuhua Street, Chenggong New City, Kunming, China.
| | - H Philip Koeffler
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Room 3021, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| | - Yunguang Tong
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Room 3021, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 East Jinsui Ave, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
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Fang L, Lu W, Choi HH, Yeung SCJ, Tung JY, Hsiao CD, Fuentes-Mattei E, Menter D, Chen C, Wang L, Wang J, Lee MH. ERK2-Dependent Phosphorylation of CSN6 Is Critical in Colorectal Cancer Development. Cancer Cell 2015; 28:183-97. [PMID: 26267535 PMCID: PMC4560098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Biomarkers for predicting prognosis are critical to treating colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. We found that CSN6, a subunit of COP9 signalosome, is overexpressed in CRC samples and that CSN6 overexpression is correlated with poor patient survival. Mechanistic studies revealed that CSN6 is deregulated by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling, in which ERK2 binds directly to CSN6 Leu163/Val165 and phosphorylates CSN6 at Ser148. Furthermore, CSN6 regulated β-Trcp and stabilized β-catenin expression by blocking the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, thereby promoting CRC development. High CSN6 expression was positively correlated with ERK2 activation and β-catenin overexpression in CRC samples, and inhibiting CSN6 stability with cetuximab reduced colon cancer growth. Taken together, our study's findings indicate that the deregulation of β-catenin by ERK2-activated CSN6 is important for CRC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekun Fang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Weisi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China; Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Program in Genes and Development, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hyun Ho Choi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sai-Ching J Yeung
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jung-Yu Tung
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chwan-Deng Hsiao
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Enrique Fuentes-Mattei
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chuangqi Chen
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China.
| | - Mong-Hong Lee
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Cancer Biology, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Genes and Development, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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80
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Wang M, Kuchiba A, Ogino S. A Meta-Regression Method for Studying Etiological Heterogeneity Across Disease Subtypes Classified by Multiple Biomarkers. Am J Epidemiol 2015; 182:263-70. [PMID: 26116215 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwv040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In interdisciplinary biomedical, epidemiologic, and population research, it is increasingly necessary to consider pathogenesis and inherent heterogeneity of any given health condition and outcome. As the unique disease principle implies, no single biomarker can perfectly define disease subtypes. The complex nature of molecular pathology and biology necessitates biostatistical methodologies to simultaneously analyze multiple biomarkers and subtypes. To analyze and test for heterogeneity hypotheses across subtypes defined by multiple categorical and/or ordinal markers, we developed a meta-regression method that can utilize existing statistical software for mixed-model analysis. This method can be used to assess whether the exposure-subtype associations are different across subtypes defined by 1 marker while controlling for other markers and to evaluate whether the difference in exposure-subtype association across subtypes defined by 1 marker depends on any other markers. To illustrate this method in molecular pathological epidemiology research, we examined the associations between smoking status and colorectal cancer subtypes defined by 3 correlated tumor molecular characteristics (CpG island methylator phenotype, microsatellite instability, and the B-Raf protooncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF), mutation) in the Nurses' Health Study (1980-2010) and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2010). This method can be widely useful as molecular diagnostics and genomic technologies become routine in clinical medicine and public health.
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81
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Vu CLN, Chan J, Todaro M, Skafidas S, Kwan P. Point-of-care molecular diagnostic devices: an overview. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 16:1399-409. [PMID: 26229012 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.15.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Point-of-care molecular diagnostic devices are a rapidly expanding market. A variety of technologies are being developed for DNA detection and amplification, mostly aiming to detect pathogens. Of the two devices for detection of human genetic variations, both focus on CYP2C19 and have obtained regulatory approval. Most other devices have not obtained US FDA approval and are still undergoing clinical trials. Most, if not all, devices in development require equipment to which disposable test cartridges are placed. Thus, they may not fulfill FDA's definition of being 'simple'. There is a clear need to develop completely disposable devices that do not require equipment maintenance, and to detect other genetic variants predictive of disease susceptibility and drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Lan Nguyen Vu
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Jianxiong Chan
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Marian Todaro
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Stan Skafidas
- Centre for Neural Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Patrick Kwan
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
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82
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Erstad DJ, Tumusiime G, Cusack JC. Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer: Implications for the Clinical Surgeon. Ann Surg Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-015-4706-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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83
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Zhang S, Lu Z, Mao W, Ahmed AA, Yang H, Zhou J, Jennings N, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Lopez-Berestein G, Miranda R, Qiao W, Baladandayuthapani V, Li Z, Sood AK, Liu J, Le XF, Bast RC. CDK5 Regulates Paclitaxel Sensitivity in Ovarian Cancer Cells by Modulating AKT Activation, p21Cip1- and p27Kip1-Mediated G1 Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131833. [PMID: 26146988 PMCID: PMC4492679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is a cytoplasmic serine/ threonine kinase. Knockdown of CDK5 enhances paclitaxel sensitivity in human ovarian cancer cells. This study explores the mechanisms by which CDK5 regulates paclitaxel sensitivity in human ovarian cancers. Multiple ovarian cancer cell lines and xenografts were treated with CDK5 small interfering RNA (siRNA) with or without paclitaxel to examine the effect on cancer cell viability, cell cycle arrest and tumor growth. CDK5 protein was measured by immunohistochemical staining of an ovarian cancer tissue microarray to correlate CDK5 expression with overall patient survival. Knockdown of CDK5 with siRNAs inhibits activation of AKT which significantly correlates with decreased cell growth and enhanced paclitaxel sensitivity in ovarian cancer cell lines. In addition, CDK5 knockdown alone and in combination with paclitaxel induced G1 cell cycle arrest and caspase 3 dependent apoptotic cell death associated with post-translational upregulation and nuclear translocation of TP53 and p27Kip1 as well as TP53-dependent transcriptional induction of p21Cip1 in wild type TP53 cancer cells. Treatment of HEYA8 and A2780 wild type TP53 xenografts in nu/nu mice with CDK5 siRNA and paclitaxel produced significantly greater growth inhibition than either treatment alone. Increased expression of CDK5 in human ovarian cancers correlates inversely with overall survival. CDK5 modulates paclitaxel sensitivity by regulating AKT activation, the cell cycle and caspase-dependent apoptosis. CDK5 inhibition can potentiate paclitaxel activity in human ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhang
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhen Lu
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Weiqun Mao
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ahmed A. Ahmed
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hailing Yang
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jinhua Zhou
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Jennings
- Departments of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Roberto Miranda
- Departments of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, Untied States of America
| | - Wei Qiao
- Bioinformatics Computer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Veera Baladandayuthapani
- Bioinformatics Computer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Zongfang Li
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Anil K. Sood
- Departments of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Departments of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, Untied States of America
| | - Xiao-Feng Le
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RCB); (XFL)
| | - Robert C. Bast
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RCB); (XFL)
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Abstract
While both prognostic and predictive cancer biomarkers predict clinical outcome, the term 'predictive biomarker' is reserved for the association of a specific therapy with a specific clinical outcome. The advent of genomic signatures and next generation sequencing as candidate predictive biomarkers has led to lengthy and expensive processes for biomarker qualification. The urgency to bring novel predictive cancer biomarkers to practice faster and cheaper requires strategies to lower the bar to biomarker implementation. Three strategies are suggested: identify biomarkers closely coupled to biologic mechanism associated with the clinical endpoint and scalable from cells to humans; identify biomarkers that can be reliably detected and quantified; and assess biomarkers by capacity to reduce toxicity as well as to increase therapy efficacy. Biomarker selection directly and closely related to production of end points by biologic mechanism demonstrated by a ladder of evidence should require less burden of proof clinically than biomarkers that are merely associative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth P H Pritzker
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Surgery University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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85
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Ogino S, Campbell PT, Nishihara R, Phipps AI, Beck AH, Sherman ME, Chan AT, Troester MA, Bass AJ, Fitzgerald KC, Irizarry RA, Kelsey KT, Nan H, Peters U, Poole EM, Qian ZR, Tamimi RM, Tchetgen Tchetgen EJ, Tworoger SS, Zhang X, Giovannucci EL, van den Brandt PA, Rosner BA, Wang M, Chatterjee N, Begg CB. Proceedings of the second international molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) meeting. Cancer Causes Control 2015; 26:959-72. [PMID: 25956270 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-015-0596-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Disease classification system increasingly incorporates information on pathogenic mechanisms to predict clinical outcomes and response to therapy and intervention. Technological advancements to interrogate omics (genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, metagenomics, interactomics, etc.) provide widely open opportunities in population-based research. Molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) represents integrative science of molecular pathology and epidemiology. This unified paradigm requires multidisciplinary collaboration between pathology, epidemiology, biostatistics, bioinformatics, and computational biology. Integration of these fields enables better understanding of etiologic heterogeneity, disease continuum, causal inference, and the impact of environment, diet, lifestyle, host factors (including genetics and immunity), and their interactions on disease evolution. Hence, the Second International MPE Meeting was held in Boston in December 2014, with aims to: (1) develop conceptual and practical frameworks; (2) cultivate and expand opportunities; (3) address challenges; and (4) initiate the effort of specifying guidelines for MPE. The meeting mainly consisted of presentations of method developments and recent data in various malignant neoplasms and tumors (breast, prostate, ovarian and colorectal cancers, renal cell carcinoma, lymphoma, and leukemia), followed by open discussion sessions on challenges and future plans. In particular, we recognized need for efforts to further develop statistical methodologies. This meeting provided an unprecedented opportunity for interdisciplinary collaboration, consistent with the purposes of the Big Data to Knowledge, Genetic Associations and Mechanisms in Oncology, and Precision Medicine Initiative of the US National Institute of Health. The MPE meeting series can help advance transdisciplinary population science and optimize training and education systems for twenty-first century medicine and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Ogino
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave., Room M422, Boston, MA, 02215, USA,
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86
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Wong EYT, Chua C, Beh SY, Koh D, Chong D, Tan IB. Addressing the needs of colorectal cancer survivors: current strategies and future directions. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2015; 15:639-48. [PMID: 25927672 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2015.1038248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the three topmost common cancers in men and the second most common cancer in women worldwide. With current advances in the medical and surgical treatment of CRC, care has slowly transformed to curative treatment. With these advances, CRC survivors are increasing in numbers and these patients have a unique range of medical, physical and psychological needs that require regular follow-up. In 2006, the Institute of Medicine recommended that cancer survivors who are completing primary treatment receive a survivorship care plan. There are many different programs of different complexity that are implemented for CRC survivors. This review outlines the needs of CRC survivors, the current surveillance techniques used in the continuing care of patients with CRC after curative treatment and the evidence behind these strategies.
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87
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Grasso S, Martínez-Lacaci I, Barberá VM, Castillejo A, Soto JL, Gallego-Plazas J, López-Riquelme N, García-Morales P, Mata-Balaguer T, Ferragut JA, Saceda M. HGUE-C-1 is an atypical and novel colon carcinoma cell line. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:240. [PMID: 25885658 PMCID: PMC4394422 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1183-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal carcinoma is a common cause of cancer. Adjuvant treatments include: 5-fluorouracil administered together with folinic acid, or more recently, oral fluoropyrimidines such as capecitabine, in combination with oxaliplatin or irinotecan. Metastatic colorectal cancer patients can benefit from other additional treatments such as cetuximab or bevacizumab. Methods Using cell culture techniques, we isolated clonal populations from primary cultures of ascitic effusion derived from a colon cancer patient and after several passages an established cell line, HGUE-C-1, was obtained. Genetic analysis of HGUE-C-1 cells was performed by PCR of selected exons and sequencing. Cell proliferation studies were performed by MTT assays and cell cycle analyses were performed by flow cytometry. Retinoblastoma activity was measured by luciferase assays and proteins levels and activity were analysed by Western blot or immunohistochemistry. Results We have established a new cell line from ascitic efussion of a colon cancer patient who did not respond to 5-fluorouracil or irinotecan. HGUE-C-1 cells did not show microsatellite instability and did not harbour mutations in KRAS, BRAF, PI3KCA or TP53. However, these cells showed loss of heterozygosity affecting Adenomatous Polyposis Coli and nuclear staining of β-catenin protein. The HGUE-C-1 cell line was sensitive to erlotinib, gefitinib, NVP-BEZ235, rapamycin and trichostatin, among other drugs, but partially resistant to heat shock protein inhibitors and highly resistant to AZD-6244 and oxaliplatin, even though the patient from which this cell line was derived had not been exposed to these drugs. Molecular characterization of this cell line revealed low expression levels and activity of Retinoblastoma protein and elevated basal levels of Erk1/2 activity and p70S6K expression and activity, which may be related to chemoresistance mechanisms. Conclusions HGUE-C-1 represents a novel and peculiar colon carcinoma model to study chemoresistance to chemotherapeutic agents and to novel anti-neoplasic drugs that interrupt signalling pathways such as the APC/βcatenin, Ras/Raf/Mek/Erk, PI3K/mTOR/p70S6K pathways as well as histone regulation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvina Grasso
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Isabel Martínez-Lacaci
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain. .,Unidad AECC de Investigación Traslacional en Cáncer, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Víctor Manuel Barberá
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, 03203 Elche, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Adela Castillejo
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, 03203 Elche, Alicante, Spain.
| | - José Luis Soto
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, 03203 Elche, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Javier Gallego-Plazas
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, 03203 Elche, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Natividad López-Riquelme
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Pilar García-Morales
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Hospital General Universitario de Elche, 03203 Elche, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Trinidad Mata-Balaguer
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03550 San Juan, Alicante, Spain.
| | - José Antonio Ferragut
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Miguel Saceda
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain. .,Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Hospital General Universitario de Elche, 03203 Elche, Alicante, Spain.
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Kothari N, Kim R, Jorissen RN, Desai J, Tie J, Wong HL, Faragher I, Jones I, Day FL, Li S, Sakthinandeswaren A, Palmieri M, Lipton L, Schell M, Teer JK, Shibata D, Yeatman T, Sieber OM, Gibbs P, Tran B. Impact of regular aspirin use on overall and cancer-specific survival in patients with colorectal cancer harboring a PIK3CA mutation. Acta Oncol 2015; 54:487-92. [PMID: 25549537 DOI: 10.3109/0284186x.2014.990158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent data have suggested that regular aspirin use improves overall and cancer-specific survival in the subset of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients harboring PIK3CA mutations. However, the number of PIK3CA-mutated CRC patients examined in these studies was modest. Our collaborative study aims to validate the association between regular aspirin use and survival in patients with PIK3CA-mutated CRC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with PIK3CA-mutated CRC were identified at Moffitt Cancer Center (MCC) in the United States and Royal Melbourne Hospital (RMH) in Australia. Prospective clinicopathological data and survival data were available. At MCC, PIK3CA mutations were identified by targeted exome sequencing using the Illumina GAIIx Next Generation Sequencing platform. At RMH, Sanger sequencing was utilized. Multivariate survival analyses were conducted using Cox logistic regression. RESULTS From a cohort of 1487 CRC patients, 185 patients harbored a PIK3CA mutation. Median age of patients with PIK3CA-mutated tumors was 72 years (range: 34-92) and median follow up was 54 months. Forty-nine (26%) patients used aspirin regularly. Regular aspirin use was not associated with improved overall survival (multivariate HR 0.96, p = 0.86). There was a trend towards improved cancer-specific survival (multivariate HR 0.60, p = 0.14), but this was not significant. CONCLUSIONS Despite examining a large number of patients, we did not confirm that regular aspirin use was associated with statistically significant improvements in survival in PIK3CA-mutated CRC patients. Prospective evaluation of this relationship is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishi Kothari
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute , Tampa , USA
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Vassilakopoulou M, Parisi F, Siddiqui S, England AM, Zarella ER, Anagnostou V, Kluger Y, Hicks DG, Rimm DL, Neumeister VM. Preanalytical variables and phosphoepitope expression in FFPE tissue: quantitative epitope assessment after variable cold ischemic time. J Transl Med 2015; 95:334-41. [PMID: 25418580 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2014.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Individualized targeted therapies for cancer patients require accurate and reproducible assessment of biomarkers to be able to plan treatment accordingly. Recent studies have shown highly variable effects of preanalytical variables on gene expression profiling and protein levels of different tissue types. Several publications have described protein degradation of tissue samples as a direct result of delay of formalin fixation of the tissue. Phosphorylated proteins are more labile and epitope degradation can happen within 30 min of cold ischemic time. To address this issue, we evaluated the change in antigenicity of a series of phosphoproteins in paraffin-embedded samples from breast tumors as a function of time to formalin fixation. A tissue microarray consisting of 93 breast cancer specimens with documented time-to-fixation was used to evaluate changes in antigenicity of 12 phosphoepitopes frequently used in research settings as a function of cold ischemic time. Analysis was performed in a quantitative manner using the AQUA technology for quantitative immunofluorescence. For each marker, least squares univariate linear regression was performed and confidence intervals were computed using bootstrapping. The majority of the epitopes tested revealed changes in expression levels with increasing time to formalin fixation. Some phosphorylated proteins, such as phospho-HSP27 and phospho-S6 RP, involved in post-translational modification and stress response pathways increased in expression or phosphorylation levels. Others (like phospho-AKT, phosphor-ERK1/2, phospho-Tyrosine, phospho-MET, and others) are quite labile and loss of antigenicity can be reported within 1-2 h of cold ischemic time. Therefore specimen collection should be closely monitored and subjected to quality control measures to ensure accurate measurement of these epitopes. However, a few phosphoepitopes (like phospho-JAK2 and phospho-ER) are sufficiently robust for routine usage in companion diagnostic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Parisi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Summar Siddiqui
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Allison M England
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Zarella
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Valsamo Anagnostou
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yuval Kluger
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David G Hicks
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - David L Rimm
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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90
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Chafin D. Two-temperature formalin fixation preserves activation states efficiently. Recent Results Cancer Res 2015; 199:107-17. [PMID: 25636434 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-13957-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Modern pathology is built around the principle of preserving tissues such that the in vivo molecular status is maintained at levels representative of the disease state. Tissues are immersed in a solution of fixative which slowly inactivates biological activities, thus preserving the sample. Further processing ultimately allows the tissue to be embedded into wax for thin sectioning and staining for interpretation microscopically. Every year, around 7 billion tissue samples are submitted for processing in the United States alone. With this huge workload, histology laboratories are looking for faster methods of performing fixation, which currently require from several hours to days to complete. Ideally, this procedure could be standardized and would be quicker with better preservation over a wide range of biologically relevant molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Chafin
- , 1910 East Innovation PARK Drive, Oro Valley, AZ, 85755, USA,
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91
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A pathway-centric survey of somatic mutations in Chinese patients with colorectal carcinomas. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116753. [PMID: 25617745 PMCID: PMC4305320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous genetic studies on colorectal carcinomas (CRC) have identified multiple somatic mutations in four candidate pathways (TGF-β, Wnt, P53 and RTK-RAS pathways) on populations of European ancestry. However, it is under-studied whether other populations harbor different sets of hot-spot somatic mutations in these pathways and other oncogenes. In this study, to evaluate the mutational spectrum of novel somatic mutations, we assessed 41 pairs of tumor-stroma tissues from Chinese patients with CRC, including 29 colon carcinomas and 12 rectal carcinomas. We designed Illumina Custom Amplicon panel to target 43 genes, including genes in the four candidate pathways, as well as several known oncogenes for other cancers. Candidate mutations were validated by Sanger sequencing, and we further used SIFT and PolyPhen-2 to assess potentially functional mutations. We discovered 3 new somatic mutations in gene APC, TCF7L2, and PIK3CA that had never been reported in the COSMIC or NCI-60 databases. Additionally, we confirmed 6 known somatic mutations in gene SMAD4, APC, FBXW7, BRAF and PTEN in Chinese CRC patients. While most were previously reported in CRC, one mutation in PTEN was reported only in malignant endometrium cancer. Our study confirmed the existence of known somatic mutations in the four candidate pathways for CRC in Chinese patients. We also discovered a number of novel somatic mutations in these pathways, which may have implications for the pathogenesis of CRC.
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92
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Gregory M, Yin MX, McConville MJ, Williams E, Bullock AN, Conway SJ, Burgess AW, Catimel B, Holmes AB. Synthesis of Highly Water-Soluble Adamantyl Phosphoinositide Derivatives. Aust J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/ch14543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol phosphates are key regulators of cell signalling pathways and membrane trafficking in eukaryotic cells, and there is a need for new chemical probes to further understand how they interact with lipid-binding proteins. Here, the synthesis of phosphatidylinositol phosphate analogues containing adamantyl carboxylic ester groups, in place of the natural lipid side chains, is described. These derivatives are considerably more soluble in water than analogues containing other lipid side chains and do not form large aggregates such as liposomes or micelles. These adamantyl analogues bind to known phosphoinositide-binding proteins with similar affinities to native ligands and will facilitate future studies on the substrate specificities of these proteins involving cocrystallisation studies with proteins.
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93
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Nishi A, Kawachi I, Koenen KC, Wu K, Nishihara R, Ogino S. Lifecourse epidemiology and molecular pathological epidemiology. Am J Prev Med 2015; 48:116-9. [PMID: 25528613 PMCID: PMC4274745 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2014.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Nishi
- Department of Sociology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Yale Institute for Network Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Karestan C Koenen
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health; Department of Medical Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health; Department of Medical Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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94
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Epplein M, Bostick RM, Mu L, Ogino S, Braithwaite D, Kanetsky PA. Challenges and opportunities in international molecular cancer prevention research: An ASPO Molecular Epidemiology and the Environment and International Cancer Prevention Interest Groups Report. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:2613-7. [PMID: 25277796 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The International Agency for Research on Cancer estimates that over half of the new cancer cases and almost two-thirds of the cancer deaths in 2012 occurred in low and middle income countries. To discuss the challenges and opportunities to reducing the burden of cancer worldwide, the Molecular Epidemiology and the Environment and the International Issues in Cancer Special Interest Groups joined forces to hold a session during the 38th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Preventive Oncology (March 2014, Arlington, Virginia). The session highlighted three topics of particular interest to molecular cancer prevention researchers working internationally, specifically: 1) biomarkers in cancer research; 2) environmental exposures and cancer; and 3) molecular pathological epidemiology. A major factor for successful collaboration illuminated during the discussion was the need for strong, committed, and reliable international partners. A key element of establishing such relationships is to thoroughly involve individual international collaborators in the development of the research question; engaged international collaborators are particularly motivated to champion and shepherd the project through all necessary steps, including issues relating to institutional review boards, political sensitivity, laboratory-based assays, and tumor subtyping. Also essential is allotting time for the building, maintaining, and investing in such relationships so that successful international collaborations may take root and bloom. While there are many challenges inherent to international molecular cancer research, the opportunities for furthering the science and prevention of cancer worldwide are great, particularly at this time of increasing cancer incidence and prevalence in low and middle income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meira Epplein
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - Roberd M Bostick
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lina Mu
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dejana Braithwaite
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Peter A Kanetsky
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
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95
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Huser V, Sincan M, Cimino JJ. Developing genomic knowledge bases and databases to support clinical management: current perspectives. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2014; 7:275-83. [PMID: 25276091 PMCID: PMC4175027 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s49904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Personalized medicine, the ability to tailor diagnostic and treatment decisions for individual patients, is seen as the evolution of modern medicine. We characterize here the informatics resources available today or envisioned in the near future that can support clinical interpretation of genomic test results. We assume a clinical sequencing scenario (germline whole-exome sequencing) in which a clinical specialist, such as an endocrinologist, needs to tailor patient management decisions within his or her specialty (targeted findings) but relies on a genetic counselor to interpret off-target incidental findings. We characterize the genomic input data and list various types of knowledge bases that provide genomic knowledge for generating clinical decision support. We highlight the need for patient-level databases with detailed lifelong phenotype content in addition to genotype data and provide a list of recommendations for personalized medicine knowledge bases and databases. We conclude that no single knowledge base can currently support all aspects of personalized recommendations and that consolidation of several current resources into larger, more dynamic and collaborative knowledge bases may offer a future path forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Huser
- Laboratory for Informatics Development, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Murat Sincan
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Institutes of Health, MD, USA ; Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, MD, USA
| | - James J Cimino
- Laboratory for Informatics Development, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA ; National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, MD, USA
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96
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Herbert K, Kerr R, Kerr DJ, Church DN. Are NSAIDs Coming Back to Colorectal Cancer Therapy or Not? CURRENT COLORECTAL CANCER REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11888-014-0247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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97
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify common signaling pathways that control cancer growth and discuss the mechanism of action of cancer targeted therapies. DATA SOURCES Medical and nursing literature, research articles, published clinical guidelines. CONCLUSION Understanding the signaling pathways and genetic mutations that control cancer cell growth elucidates an understanding of the mechanism of targeted therapies. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE To understand the mechanism of action of targeted therapies, oncology nurses must first be familiar with the most common signaling pathways. Adding to this foundation, the nurse can easily learn about the classes of targeted therapies and the strategies to minimize and manage common side effects.
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98
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Lochhead P, Chan AT, Giovannucci E, Fuchs CS, Wu K, Nishihara R, O'Brien M, Ogino S. Progress and opportunities in molecular pathological epidemiology of colorectal premalignant lesions. Am J Gastroenterol 2014; 109:1205-14. [PMID: 24935274 PMCID: PMC4125459 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2014.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) is an integrative molecular and population health science that addresses the molecular pathogenesis and heterogeneity of disease processes. The MPE of colonic and rectal premalignant lesions (including hyperplastic polyps, tubular adenomas, tubulovillous adenomas, villous adenomas, traditional serrated adenomas, sessile serrated adenomas/sessile serrated polyps, and hamartomatous polyps) can provide unique opportunities for examining the influence of diet, lifestyle, and environmental exposures on specific pathways of carcinogenesis. Colorectal neoplasia can provide a practical model by which both malignant epithelial tumor (carcinoma) and its precursor are subjected to molecular pathological analyses. KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA oncogene mutations, microsatellite instability, CpG island methylator phenotype, and LINE-1 methylation are commonly examined tumor biomarkers. Future opportunities include interrogation of comprehensive genomic, epigenomic, or panomic datasets, and the adoption of in vivo pathology techniques. Considering the colorectal continuum hypothesis and emerging roles of gut microbiota and host immunity in tumorigenesis, detailed information on tumor location is important. There are unique strengths and caveats, especially with regard to case ascertainment by colonoscopy. The MPE of colorectal premalignant lesions can identify etiologic exposures associated with neoplastic initiation and progression, help us better understand colorectal carcinogenesis, and facilitate personalized prevention, screening, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lochhead
- 1] Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK [2] The first two authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Andrew T Chan
- 1] Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA [2] Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA [3] The first two authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- 1] Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA [2] Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA [3] Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- 1] Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA [2] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- 1] Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA [2] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael O'Brien
- Department of Pathology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- 1] Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA [2] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA [3] Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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99
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de Martino M, Zhuang D, Klatte T, Rieken M, Rouprêt M, Xylinas E, Clozel T, Krzywinski M, Elemento O, Shariat SF. Impact of ERBB2 mutations on in vitro sensitivity of bladder cancer to lapatinib. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 15:1239-47. [PMID: 24971884 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.29687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lapatinib, a dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor of ErbB1 and ErbB2, shows a clinical benefit in a subset of patients with advanced urothelial bladder cancer (UBC). We hypothesized that the corresponding gene, ERBB2, is affected by mutations in a subset of UBC and that these mutations impact ErbB2 function, signaling, UBC proliferation, gene expression, and predict response to lapatinib. We found ERBB2 mutations in 5 of 33 UBC cell lines (15%), all of which were derived from invasive or high grade tumors. Phosphorylation and activation of ErbB2 and its downstream pathways were markedly enhanced in mutated cell lines compared with the ERBB2 wild-type. In addition, the gene expression profile was distinct, specifically for genes encoding for proteins of the extracellular matrix. RT112 cells infected with ERBB2 mutants showed a particular growth pattern ("mini-foci"). Upon treatment with lapatinib, 93% of these "mini-foci" were reversed. The sensitivity to lapatinib was greatest among cell lines with ERBB2 mutations. In conclusion, ERBB2 mutations occur in a subset of UBC and impact proliferation, signaling, gene expression and predict a greater response to lapatinib. If confirmed in the clinical setting, this may lead the way toward personalized treatment of a subset of UBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela de Martino
- Department of Urology; Comprehensive Cancer Center; Medical University and General Hospital Vienna; Vienna, Austria
| | - Dazhong Zhuang
- Department of Urology; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York Presbyterian Hospital; New York, NY USA
| | - Tobias Klatte
- Department of Urology; Comprehensive Cancer Center; Medical University and General Hospital Vienna; Vienna, Austria
| | - Malte Rieken
- Department of Urology; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York Presbyterian Hospital; New York, NY USA
| | - Morgan Rouprêt
- Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie; GRC-05; ONCOTYPE-Uro; Université Paris 6; Paris, France; Academic Department of Urology; Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital; Paris, France
| | - Evanguelos Xylinas
- Department of Urology; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York Presbyterian Hospital; New York, NY USA
| | - Thomas Clozel
- Department of Medicine; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York Presbyterian Hospital; New York, NY USA
| | | | - Olivier Elemento
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York Presbyterian Hospital; New York, NY USA
| | - Shahrokh F Shariat
- Department of Urology; Comprehensive Cancer Center; Medical University and General Hospital Vienna; Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York Presbyterian Hospital; New York, NY USA; Department of Urology; UT Southwestern; Dallas, TX USA
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100
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Jung S, Qian ZR, Yamauchi M, Bertrand KA, Fitzgerald KC, Inamura K, Kim SA, Mima K, Sukawa Y, Zhang X, Wang M, Smith-Warner SA, Wu K, Fuchs CS, Chan AT, Giovannucci EL, Ng K, Cho E, Ogino S, Nishihara R. Predicted 25(OH)D score and colorectal cancer risk according to vitamin D receptor expression. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:1628-37. [PMID: 24920642 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite accumulating evidence for the preventive effect of vitamin D on colorectal carcinogenesis, its precise mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that vitamin D was associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer with high-level vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression, but not with risk of tumor with low-level VDR expression. METHODS Among 140,418 participants followed from 1986 through 2008 in the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study, we identified 1,059 incident colorectal cancer cases with tumor molecular data. The predicted 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] score was developed using the known determinants of plasma 25(OH)D. We estimated the HR for cancer subtypes using the duplication method Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS A higher predicted 25(OH)D score was associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer irrespective of VDR expression level (P(heterogeneity) for subtypes = 0.75). Multivariate HRs (95% confidence intervals) comparing the highest with the lowest quintile of predicted 25(OH)D scores were 0.48 (0.30-0.78) for VDR-negative tumor and 0.56 (0.42-0.75) for VDR-positive tumor. Similarly, the significant inverse associations of the predicted 25(OH)D score with colorectal cancer risk did not significantly differ by KRAS, BRAF, or PIK3CA status (P(heterogeneity) for subtypes ≥ 0.22). CONCLUSIONS A higher predicted vitamin D score was significantly associated with a lower colorectal cancer risk, regardless of VDR status and other molecular features examined. IMPACT The preventive effect of vitamin D on colorectal carcinogenesis may not totally depend on tumor factors. Host factors (such as local and systemic immunity) may need to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungyoun Jung
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine and
| | - Zhi Rong Qian
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Departments of
| | - Mai Yamauchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Departments of
| | | | | | - Kentaro Inamura
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Departments of Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Sun A Kim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Departments of
| | - Kosuke Mima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Departments of
| | - Yasutaka Sukawa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Departments of
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine and
| | | | | | - Kana Wu
- Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Departments of
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kimmie Ng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Departments of
| | - Eunyoung Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine and Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Departments of Epidemiology,
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Departments of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts;
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