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Jiedu Sangen decoction inhibits chemoresistance to 5-fluorouracil of colorectal cancer cells by suppressing glycolysis via PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α signaling pathway. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 19:143-152. [PMID: 33641785 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(21)60015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major obstacle in the development of effective colorectal cancer (CRC) therapy. Our study aimed to explore the reversal abilities of Jiedu Sangen decoction (JSD) on the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Expression changes in HIF-1 of CRC tissues were firstly revealed by bioinformatics analysis. Afterwards, cell viabilities of JSD and 5-FU treatments on 5-FU resistant human colon cancer cells (HCT-8/5-FU) were determined. Expressions of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT)/p-AKT, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1α), as well as glycolysis related proteins such as L-lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), Glucose transporter type 1 (Glut1), Hexokinase 2 (HKII), and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase (Caspase) family members in HCT-8/5-FU cells, HIF-1α silenced HCT-8/5-FU cells and tumor tissues were detected by western blotting. HIF-1α was found over expressed in CRC tissues according to public available datasets in Oncomine. Growth inhibition rates of HCT-8/5-FU cells were increased along with the increase of JSD concentrations. JSD caused down-regulated HIF-1α, PI3K, AKT/p-AKT, HKII and Glut1, as well as up-regulated Caspase3 and Caspase9 in HCT-8/5-FU cells and tumor tissues. In HIF-1α silenced HCT-8/5-FU cells, synergistic group showed significantly reduced expression levels of PI3K, AKT, p-AKT. Additionally, up-regulated expressions of Caspase6 and Caspase7 were observed. JSD combined with 5-FU also exhibited obvious inhibitory efficiency on tumor growth in vivo. JSD may reverse 5-FU resistance by suppressing glycolysis via PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting glycolysis and induce apoptosis to enhance anti-tumor activity.
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In vitro anticancer activity of hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide alongside nickel nanoparticle and novel mutations in their genes in CRC patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2536. [PMID: 33510426 PMCID: PMC7843626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82244-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to assess the impact of nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs) as well as scorpion venom on colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in the presence and/or absence of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and nitric oxide (NO) donors and to determine alterations in endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) enzyme-producing genes in CRC patients. The IC50 of both H2S and NO donors, along with NiNPs, were determined. The CRC cells were treated for 24hrs, and the cytotoxic activities were assessed using the MTT test. Moreover, the apoptosis was determined after 24hrs and 48hrs using TUNEL assay. Furthermore, the mutations in the eNOS gene (intron 4, -786T>C and 894 G>T) and CSE gene (1364GT) were determined using direct sequencing. The IC50 values for sodium disulfide (Na2S) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) at 24hrs treatment were found to be 5 mM and 10−6 M, respectively, while the IC50 value for 5-FU was reached after 5-days of treatment in CRC cell line. Both black and yellow scorpion venoms showed no inhibition of cell proliferation after 24hrs treatment. Furthermore, Na2S showed a significant decrease in cell proliferation and an increase in apoptosis. Moreover, a co-treatment of SNP and 5-FU resulted in inhibition of the cytotoxic effect of 5-FU, while a combination treatment of NiNPs with Na2S, SNP, and 5-FU caused highly significant cytotoxicity. Direct sequencing reveals new mutations, mainly intronic variation in eNOS gene that has not previously been described in the database. These findings indicate that H2S promotes the anticancer efficiency of 5-FU in the presence of NiNPs while NO has antiapoptotic activity in CRC cell lines.
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Abdelaal MR, Soror SH, Elnagar MR, Haffez H. Revealing the Potential Application of EC-Synthetic Retinoid Analogues in Anticancer Therapy. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020506. [PMID: 33477997 PMCID: PMC7835894 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background and Aim: All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) induces differentiation and inhibits growth of many cancer cells. However, resistance develops rapidly prompting the urgent need for new synthetic and potent derivatives. EC19 and EC23 are two synthetic retinoids with potent stem cell neuro-differentiation activity. Here, these compounds were screened for their in vitro antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity using an array of different cancer cell lines. (2) Methods: MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, AV/PI (annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI)), cell cycle analysis, immunocytochemistry, gene expression analysis, Western blotting, measurement of glutamate and total antioxidant concentrations were recruited. (3) Results: HepG2, Caco-2, and MCF-7 were the most sensitive cell lines; HepG2 (ATRA; 36.2, EC19; 42.2 and EC23; 0.74 µM), Caco-2 (ATRA; 58.0, EC19; 10.8 and EC23; 14.7 µM) and MCF-7 (ATRA; 99.0, EC19; 9.4 and EC23; 5.56 µM). Caco-2 cells were selected for further biochemical investigations. Isobologram analysis revealed the combined synergistic effects with 5-fluorouracil with substantial reduction in IC50. All retinoids induced apoptosis but EC19 had higher potency, with significant cell cycle arrest at subG0-G1, -S and G2/M phases, than ATRA and EC23. Moreover, EC19 reduced cellular metastasis in a transwell invasion assay due to overexpression of E-cadherin, retinoic acid-induced 2 (RAI2) and Werner (WRN) genes. (4) Conclusion: The present study suggests that EC-synthetic retinoids, particularly EC19, can be effective, alone or in combinations, for potential anticancer activity to colorectal cancer. Further in vivo studies are recommended to pave the way for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed R. Abdelaal
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt; (M.R.A.); (S.H.S.)
- Center of Scientific Excellence “Helwan Structural Biology Research, (HSBR)”, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Sameh H. Soror
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt; (M.R.A.); (S.H.S.)
- Center of Scientific Excellence “Helwan Structural Biology Research, (HSBR)”, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R. Elnagar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11823, Egypt;
| | - Hesham Haffez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt; (M.R.A.); (S.H.S.)
- Center of Scientific Excellence “Helwan Structural Biology Research, (HSBR)”, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-1094970173
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Zhang X, Shan S, Shi J, Li H, Li Z. Polyphenol from millet bran increases the sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to oxaliplatin by blocking the ganglioside GM3 catabolism. Food Funct 2021; 12:291-301. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02232b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The study implies that bound polyphenol from millet bran dramatically prevents ganglioside GM3 catabolism followed by the suppression of P-gp, which eventually reverse drug-resistance in colorectal cancer cells to oxaliplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education
- Institute of Biotechnology
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- China
| | - Shuhua Shan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education
- Institute of Biotechnology
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- China
| | - Jiangying Shi
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education
- Institute of Biotechnology
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- China
| | - Hanqing Li
- School of Life Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- China
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education
- Institute of Biotechnology
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- China
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Massaro C, Safadeh E, Sgueglia G, Stunnenberg HG, Altucci L, Dell’Aversana C. MicroRNA-Assisted Hormone Cell Signaling in Colorectal Cancer Resistance. Cells 2020; 10:cells10010039. [PMID: 33396628 PMCID: PMC7823834 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite substantial progress in cancer therapy, colorectal cancer (CRC) is still the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide, mainly due to the acquisition of resistance and disease recurrence in patients. Growing evidence indicates that deregulation of hormone signaling pathways and their cross-talk with other signaling cascades inside CRC cells may have an impact on therapy resistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small conserved non-coding RNAs thatfunction as negative regulators in many gene expression processes. Key studies have identified miRNA alterations in cancer progression and drug resistance. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview and assessment of miRNAs role in hormone signaling pathways in CRC drug resistance and their potential as future targets for overcoming resistance to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crescenzo Massaro
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio, 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (E.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Elham Safadeh
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio, 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (E.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Giulia Sgueglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio, 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (E.S.); (G.S.)
| | | | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio, 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (E.S.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence: (L.A.); (C.D.); Tel.: +39-081-566-7564 (L.A.); +39-081-566-7566 (C.D.)
| | - Carmela Dell’Aversana
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio, 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (E.S.); (G.S.)
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “Gaetano Salvatore” (IEOS)-National Research Council (CNR), Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.A.); (C.D.); Tel.: +39-081-566-7564 (L.A.); +39-081-566-7566 (C.D.)
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Zhu GX, Gao D, Shao ZZ, Chen L, Ding WJ, Yu QF. Wnt/β‑catenin signaling: Causes and treatment targets of drug resistance in colorectal cancer (Review). Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:105. [PMID: 33300082 PMCID: PMC7723170 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignant tumor in humans. Chemotherapy is used for the treatment of CRC. However, the effect of chemotherapy remains unsatisfactory due to drug resistance. Growing evidence has shown that the presence of highly metastatic tumor stem cells, regulation of non-coding RNAs and the tumor microenvironment contributes to drug resistance mechanisms in CRC. Wnt/β-catenin signaling mediates the chemoresistance of CRC in these three aspects. Therefore, the present study analyzed the abundant evidence of the contribution of Wnt/β-catenin signaling to the development of drug resistance in CRC and discussed its possible role in improving the chemosensitivity of CRC, which may provide guidelines for its clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Xian Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Dian Gao
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Zhao Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jie Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qiong-Fang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Melnikova DL, Badrieva ZF, Kostin MA, Maller C, Stas M, Buczek A, Broda MA, Kupka T, Kelterer AM, Tolstoy PM, Skirda VD. On Complex Formation between 5-Fluorouracil and β-Cyclodextrin in Solution and in the Solid State: IR Markers and Detection of Short-Lived Complexes by Diffusion NMR. Molecules 2020; 25:E5706. [PMID: 33287255 PMCID: PMC7731325 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and IR spectroscopic markers of the complexation between 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) in solid state and in aqueous solution are investigated. In the attenuated total reflectance(ATR) spectra of 5-FU/β-CD products obtained by physical mixing, kneading and co-precipitation, we have identified the two most promising marker bands that could be used to detect complex formations: the C=O and C-F stretching bands of 5-FU that experience a blue shift by ca. 8 and 2 cm-1 upon complexation. The aqueous solutions were studied by NMR spectroscopy. As routine NMR spectra did not show any signs of complexation, we have analyzed the diffusion attenuation of spin-echo signals and the dependence of the population factor of slowly diffusing components on the diffusion time (diffusion NMR of pulsed-field gradient (PFG) NMR). The analysis has revealed that, at each moment, ~60% of 5-FU molecules form a complex with β-CD and its lifetime is ca. 13.5 ms. It is likely to be an inclusion complex, judging from the independence of the diffusion coefficient of β-CD on complexation. The obtained results could be important for future attempts of finding better methods of targeted anticancer drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria L. Melnikova
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya 16a, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (D.L.M.); (Z.F.B.)
| | - Zilya F. Badrieva
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya 16a, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (D.L.M.); (Z.F.B.)
| | - Mikhail A. Kostin
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskiy pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Corina Maller
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria; (C.M.); (A.-M.K.)
| | - Monika Stas
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, Oleska Street 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland; (M.S.); (A.B.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Aneta Buczek
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, Oleska Street 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland; (M.S.); (A.B.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Malgorzata A. Broda
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, Oleska Street 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland; (M.S.); (A.B.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Teobald Kupka
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, Oleska Street 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland; (M.S.); (A.B.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Anne-Marie Kelterer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria; (C.M.); (A.-M.K.)
| | - Peter M. Tolstoy
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskiy pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Vladimir D. Skirda
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya 16a, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (D.L.M.); (Z.F.B.)
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Recent developments in unraveling signaling mechanisms underlying drug resistance due to cancer stem-like cells. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 54:130-141. [PMID: 33166909 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Wang T, Gao X, Zhou K, Jiang T, Gao S, Liu P, Zuo X, Shi X. Role of ARID1A in epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in breast cancer and its effect on cell sensitivity to 5‑FU. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:1683-1694. [PMID: 33000179 PMCID: PMC7521577 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The loss of function mutation of AT‑rich interactive domain 1A (ARID1A) often occurs in patients with breast cancer. It has been found that ARID1A knockout can enhance both the migratory activity of renal carcinoma cells and their sensitivity to therapeutic drugs by promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT); however, its mechanisms of action in breast cancer remain unclear. In the present study, immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) revealed that the expression of ARID1A in breast cancer tissues was significantly lower than that in paracancerous tissues, and patients with a low ARID1A expression had a lower survival rate. ARID1A was expressed at low levels in breast cancer cells. In addition, siRNA targeting ARID1A (siARID1A) and ARID1A overexpression vector were transfected into MCF7 and MDA‑MB‑231 cells, respectively. Proliferation assay revealed that ARID1A silencing increased cell viability and partially reversed the inhibitory effects of 5‑fluorouracil (5‑FU) on the MCF7 cells, while ARID1A overexpression exerted an opposite effect on the MDA‑MB‑231 cells. ARID1A silencing promoted proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis, and partly reversed the inhibitory effects of 5‑FU on cell biological behaviors, while the overexpression of ARID1A further enhanced the inhibitory effect of 5‑FU on the cells. Furthermore, ARID1A regulated the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells through EMT. On the whole, the findings of the present study demonstrate that ARID1A exerts an antitumor effect on breast cancer, and its overexpression can enhance the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to 5‑FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangshun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Kexin Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Pengzhou Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Ximeng Zuo
- Department of General Surgery, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
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Cellular Mechanisms Accounting for the Refractoriness of Colorectal Carcinoma to Pharmacological Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092605. [PMID: 32933095 PMCID: PMC7563523 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer (CRC) causes a high number (more than 800,000) of deaths worldwide each year. Better methods for early diagnosis and the development of strategies to enhance the efficacy of the therapeutic approaches used to complement or substitute surgical removal of the tumor are urgently needed. Currently available pharmacological armamentarium provides very moderate benefits to patients due to the high resistance of tumor cells to respond to anticancer drugs. The present review summarizes and classifies into seven groups the cellular and molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance (MOC) accounting for the failure of CRC response to the pharmacological treatment. Abstract The unsatisfactory response of colorectal cancer (CRC) to pharmacological treatment contributes to the substantial global health burden caused by this disease. Over the last few decades, CRC has become the cause of more than 800,000 deaths per year. The reason is a combination of two factors: (i) the late cancer detection, which is being partially solved by the implementation of mass screening of adults over age 50, permitting earlier diagnosis and treatment; (ii) the inadequate response of advanced unresectable tumors (i.e., stages III and IV) to pharmacological therapy. The latter is due to the existence of complex mechanisms of chemoresistance (MOCs) that interact and synergize with each other, rendering CRC cells strongly refractory to the available pharmacological regimens based on conventional chemotherapy, such as pyrimidine analogs (5-fluorouracil, capecitabine, trifluridine, and tipiracil), oxaliplatin, and irinotecan, as well as drugs targeted toward tyrosine kinase receptors (regorafenib, aflibercept, bevacizumab, cetuximab, panitumumab, and ramucirumab), and, more recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (nivolumab, ipilimumab, and pembrolizumab). In the present review, we have inventoried the genes involved in the lack of CRC response to pharmacological treatment, classifying them into seven groups (from MOC-1 to MOC-7) according to functional criteria to identify cancer cell weaknesses. This classification will be useful to pave the way for developing sensitizing tools consisting of (i) new agents to be co-administered with the active drug; (ii) pharmacological approaches, such as drug encapsulation (e.g., into labeled liposomes or exosomes); (iii) gene therapy interventions aimed at restoring the impaired function of some proteins (e.g., uptake transporters and tumor suppressors) or abolishing that of others (such as export pumps and oncogenes).
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Blanas A, Zaal A, van der Haar Àvila I, Kempers M, Kruijssen L, de Kok M, Popovic MA, van der Horst JC, J. van Vliet S. FUT9-Driven Programming of Colon Cancer Cells towards a Stem Cell-Like State. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092580. [PMID: 32927726 PMCID: PMC7565653 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are located in dedicated niches, where they remain inert to chemotherapeutic drugs and drive metastasis. Although plasticity in the CSC pool is well appreciated, the molecular mechanisms implicated in the regulation of cancer stemness are still elusive. Here, we define a fucosylation-dependent reprogramming of colon cancer cells towards a stem cell-like phenotype and function. De novo transcriptional activation of Fut9 in the murine colon adenocarcinoma cell line, MC38, followed by RNA seq-based regulon analysis, revealed major gene regulatory networks related to stemness. Lewisx, Sox2, ALDH and CD44 expression, tumorsphere formation, resistance to 5-FU treatment and in vivo tumor growth were increased in FUT9-expressing MC38 cells compared to the control cells. Likewise, human CRC cell lines highly expressing FUT9 displayed phenotypic features of CSCs, which were significantly impaired upon FUT9 knock-out. Finally, in primary CRC FUT9+ tumor cells pathways related to cancer stemness were enriched, providing a clinically meaningful annotation of the complicity of FUT9 in stemness regulation and may open new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Xu T, Wang M, Jiang L, Ma L, Wan L, Chen Q, Wei C, Wang Z. CircRNAs in anticancer drug resistance: recent advances and future potential. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:127. [PMID: 32799866 PMCID: PMC7429705 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CircRNAs are a novel class of RNA molecules with a unique closed continuous loop structure. CircRNAs are abundant in eukaryotic cells, have unique stability and tissue specificity, and can play a biological regulatory role at various levels, such as transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Numerous studies have indicated that circRNAs serve a crucial purpose in cancer biology. CircRNAs regulate tumor behavioral phenotypes such as proliferation and migration through various molecular mechanisms, such as miRNA sponging, transcriptional regulation, and protein interaction. Recently, several reports have demonstrated that they are also deeply involved in resistance to anticancer drugs, from traditional chemotherapeutic drugs to targeted and immunotherapeutic drugs. This review is the first to summarize the latest research on circRNAs in anticancer drug resistance based on drug classification and to discuss their potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei Xu
- Cancer Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangjiayuan road 121#, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Mengwei Wang
- Cancer Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangjiayuan road 121#, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Jiang
- Cancer Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangjiayuan road 121#, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Li Ma
- Cancer Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangjiayuan road 121#, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Li Wan
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, 223300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinnan Chen
- Cancer Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangjiayuan road 121#, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Chenchen Wei
- Cancer Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangjiayuan road 121#, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Cancer Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangjiayuan road 121#, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
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Vishnoi K, Viswakarma N, Rana A, Rana B. Transcription Factors in Cancer Development and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020. [PMID: 32824207 DOI: 10.339/cancers12082296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multi-step process and requires constitutive expression/activation of transcription factors (TFs) for growth and survival. Many of the TFs reported so far are critical for carcinogenesis. These include pro-inflammatory TFs, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-controlling TFs, pluripotency TFs upregulated in cancer stem-like cells, and the nuclear receptors (NRs). Some of those, including HIFs, Myc, ETS-1, and β-catenin, are multifunctional and may regulate multiple other TFs involved in various pro-oncogenic events, including proliferation, survival, metabolism, invasion, and metastasis. High expression of some TFs is also correlated with poor prognosis and chemoresistance, constituting a significant challenge in cancer treatment. Considering the pivotal role of TFs in cancer, there is an urgent need to develop strategies targeting them. Targeting TFs, in combination with other chemotherapeutics, could emerge as a better strategy to target cancer. So far, targeting NRs have shown promising results in improving survival. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the TFs that play a central role in cancer progression, which could be potential therapeutic candidates for developing specific inhibitors. Here, we also discuss the efforts made to target some of those TFs, including NRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Vishnoi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Navin Viswakarma
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ajay Rana
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.,University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Basabi Rana
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.,University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Vishnoi K, Viswakarma N, Rana A, Rana B. Transcription Factors in Cancer Development and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082296. [PMID: 32824207 PMCID: PMC7464564 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multi-step process and requires constitutive expression/activation of transcription factors (TFs) for growth and survival. Many of the TFs reported so far are critical for carcinogenesis. These include pro-inflammatory TFs, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-controlling TFs, pluripotency TFs upregulated in cancer stem-like cells, and the nuclear receptors (NRs). Some of those, including HIFs, Myc, ETS-1, and β-catenin, are multifunctional and may regulate multiple other TFs involved in various pro-oncogenic events, including proliferation, survival, metabolism, invasion, and metastasis. High expression of some TFs is also correlated with poor prognosis and chemoresistance, constituting a significant challenge in cancer treatment. Considering the pivotal role of TFs in cancer, there is an urgent need to develop strategies targeting them. Targeting TFs, in combination with other chemotherapeutics, could emerge as a better strategy to target cancer. So far, targeting NRs have shown promising results in improving survival. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the TFs that play a central role in cancer progression, which could be potential therapeutic candidates for developing specific inhibitors. Here, we also discuss the efforts made to target some of those TFs, including NRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Vishnoi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.V.); (N.V.); (A.R.)
| | - Navin Viswakarma
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.V.); (N.V.); (A.R.)
| | - Ajay Rana
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.V.); (N.V.); (A.R.)
- University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Basabi Rana
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.V.); (N.V.); (A.R.)
- University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Correspondence:
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65
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Chen B, Xu X, Zheng K, Liu L, Yu Y, Xin Y. Konjac glucomannan reverses multi-drug resistance of HepG2/5-FU cells by suppressing AKT signaling and increasing p53 expression. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:2105-2112. [PMID: 32782527 PMCID: PMC7401006 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The multi-drug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells, including 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance, has been a serious problem for patients with cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the reversal effects of konjac glucomannan on multi-drug resistance of HepG2/5-FU cells. In the present study, MTT assay was used to investigate the effects of 5-FU and konjac glucomannan (KGM) on the viability of HepG2/5-FU cells. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting were performed to determine the effects of 5-FU and KGM on the expression of MDR-associated genes including MDR1 and P-glycoprotein 1 (P-gp 1), and to analyze the effects of 5-FU and KGM on the levels of cell proliferation-related genes, including cyclin A, cyclin B1 and CDK2, and apoptosis-related genes, including caspase-3, Bax and BCL-2. Annexin V/propidium iodide staining was performed to determine the apoptotic rate of HepG2/5-FU. Furthermore, the xenograft tumor model was established in nude mice to investigate the in vivo tumor growth by detecting tumor size, volume and tumor weight. KGM significantly decreased the viability of HepG2/5-FU cells in the presence of 5-FU. KGM downregulated the mRNA and protein expression of MDR and P-gp, and inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of cyclin A, cyclin B1 and CDK2. In addition, KGM significantly suppressed BCL-2 expression and increased the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax, resulting in a higher apoptotic rate of HepG2/5-FU cells. Furthermore, KGM suppressed AKT phosphorylation and upregulated p53 expression. Notably, KGM significantly inhibited the growth of HepG2/5-FU in nude mice. KGM may be a promising agent against the resistance of HepG2/5-FU cells to 5-FU by suppressing AKT signaling and increasing p53 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310011, P.R. China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310011, P.R. China
| | - Ke Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310011, P.R. China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, P.R. China
| | - Yijun Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310011, P.R. China
| | - Ying Xin
- Thyroid and Breast Surgery Department, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
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66
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Ballout F, Monzer A, Fatfat M, Ouweini HE, Jaffa MA, Abdel-Samad R, Darwiche N, Abou-Kheir W, Gali-Muhtasib H. Thymoquinone induces apoptosis and DNA damage in 5-Fluorouracil-resistant colorectal cancer stem/progenitor cells. Oncotarget 2020; 11:2959-2972. [PMID: 32821342 PMCID: PMC7415406 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The high recurrence rates of colorectal cancer have been associated with a small population of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that are resistant to the standard chemotherapeutic drug, 5-fluorouracil (5FU). Thymoquinone (TQ) has shown promising antitumor properties on numerous cancer systems both in vitro and in vivo; however, its effect on colorectal CSCs is poorly established. Here, we investigated TQ's potential to target CSCs in a three-dimensional (3D) sphere-formation assay enriched for a population of colorectal cancer stem/progenitor cells. Our results showed a significant decrease in self-renewal potential of CSC populations enriched from 5FU-sensitive and resistant HCT116 cells at 10-fold lower concentrations when compared to 2D monolayers. TQ decreased the expression levels of colorectal stem cell markers CD44 and Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule EpCAM and proliferation marker Ki67 in colonospheres derived from both cell lines and reduced cellular migration and invasion. Further investigation revealed that TQ treatment led to increased TUNEL positivity and a dramatic increase in the amount of the DNA damage marker gamma H2AX particularly in 5FU-resistant colonospheres, suggesting that the diminished sphere forming ability in TQ-treated colonospheres is due to induction of DNA damage and apoptotic cell death. The intraperitoneal injection of TQ in mice inhibited tumor growth of spheres derived from 5FU-sensitive and 5FU-resistant HCT116 cells. Furthermore, TQ induced apoptosis and inhibited NF-κB and MEK signaling in mouse tumors. Altogether, our findings document TQ's effect on colorectal cancer stem-like cells and provide insights into its underlying mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Ballout
- 1Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Alissar Monzer
- 1Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maamoun Fatfat
- 1Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hala El Ouweini
- 1Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Miran A. Jaffa
- 2Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rana Abdel-Samad
- 3Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nadine Darwiche
- 3Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- 4Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
- Wassim Abou-Kheir, email:
| | - Hala Gali-Muhtasib
- 1Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
- 4Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
- Correspondence to: Hala Gali-Muhtasib, email:
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Peng W, Zhang H, Tan S, Li Y, Zhou Y, Wang L, Liu C, Li Q, Cen X, Yang S, Zhao Y. Synergistic antitumor effect of 5-fluorouracil with the novel LSD1 inhibitor ZY0511 in colorectal cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835920937428. [PMID: 32754230 PMCID: PMC7378962 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920937428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1 (LSD1) is a potential target of cancer therapy. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the combined antitumor activity of a novel LSD1 inhibitor (ZY0511) with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and elucidate the underlying mechanism in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods We evaluated LSD1 expression in CRC tissues from patients who received 5-FU treatment. The synergistic antitumor effect of 5-FU with ZY0511 against human CRC cells was detected both in vitro and in vivo. The underlying mechanism was explored based on mRNA sequencing (mRNA-seq) technology. Results Overexpression of LSD1 was observed in human CRC tissues, and correlated with CRC development and 5-FU resistance. ZY0511, a novel LSD1 inhibitor, effectively inhibited CRC cells proliferation, both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, the combination of ZY0511 and 5-FU synergistically reduced CRC cells viability and migration in vitro. It also suppressed Wnt/β-catenin signaling and DNA synthesis pathways, which finally induced apoptosis of CRC cells. In addition, the combination of ZY0511 with 5-FU significantly reduced CRC xenograft tumor growth, along with lung and liver metastases in vivo. Conclusions Our findings identify LSD1 as a potential marker for 5-FU resistance in CRC. ZY0511 is a promising candidate for CRC therapy as it potentiates 5-FU anticancer effects, thereby providing a new combinatorial strategy for treating CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huaqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shisheng Tan
- Department of Oncology, The People's Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengyong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, 17#, 3rd Section, Ren min South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
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68
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Tong C, Qu K, Wang G, Liu R, Duan B, Wang X, Liu C. Knockdown of DNA-binding protein A enhances the chemotherapy sensitivity of colorectal cancer via suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin/Chk1 pathway. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:2075-2085. [PMID: 32652867 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
DNA-binding protein A (dbpA) is reported to be upregulated in many cancers and associated with tumor progress. The present study aimed to investigate the role of dbpA in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-resistant and oxaliplatin (L-OHP)-resistant colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. We found that 5-FU and L-OPH treatment promoted the expression of dbpA. Enhanced dbpA promoted the drug resistance of SW620 cells to 5-FU and L-OHP. DbpA knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell apoptosis, and cell cycle arrested in SW620/5-FU and SW620/L-OHP cells. Besides, dbpA short hairpin RNA (shRNA) enhanced the cytotoxicity of 5-FU and L-OHP to SW620/5-FU and SW620/L-OHP cells. Meanwhile, dbpA shRNA inhibited the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway that induced by 5-FU stimulation in SW620/5-FU cells. Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway or overexpression of checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) abrogated the promoting effect of dbpA downregulation on 5-FU sensitivity of CRC cells. Importantly, downregulation of dbpA suppressed tumor growth and promoted CRC cells sensitivity to 5-FU in vivo. Our study indicated that the knockdown of dbpA enhanced the sensitivity of CRC cells to 5-FU via Wnt/β-catenin/Chk1 pathway, and DbpA may be a potential therapeutic target to sensitize drug resistance CRC to 5-FU and L-OHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Tong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,First Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital/The Third Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai Qu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guorong Wang
- First Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital/The Third Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruiting Liu
- First Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital/The Third Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Baojun Duan
- Department of Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital/The Third Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Wang
- First Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital/The Third Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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69
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Xie P, Mo JL, Liu JH, Li X, Tan LM, Zhang W, Zhou HH, Liu ZQ. Pharmacogenomics of 5-fluorouracil in colorectal cancer: review and update. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2020; 43:989-1001. [PMID: 32474853 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-020-00529-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a disease with high morbidity and mortality rates. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is the first-line recommended drug for chemotherapy in patients with CRC, and it has a good effect on a variety of other solid tumors as well. Unfortunately, however, due to the emergence of drug resistance the effectiveness of treatment may be greatly reduced. In the past decade, major progress has been made in the field of 5-FU drug resistance in terms of molecular mechanisms, pre-clinical (animal) models and clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS In this article we systematically review and update current knowledge on 5-FU pharmacogenomics related to drug uptake and activation, the expression and activity of target enzymes (DPD, TS and MTHFR) and key signaling pathways in CRC. Furthermore, a summary of drug combination strategies aimed at targeting specific genes and/or pathways to reverse 5-FU resistance is provided. Based on this, we suggest that causal relationships between genes, pathways and drug sensitivity should be systematically considered from a multidimensional perspective. In the design of research methods, emerging technologies such as CRISPR-Cas, TALENS and patient-derived xenograft models should be applied as far as possible to improve the accuracy of clinically relevant results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Xie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Luan Mo
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, 518020, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Hong Liu
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, 518020, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ming Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Huaihua City, 418000, Huaihua, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Qian Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
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Wang H, Wen C, Chen S, Wang F, He L, Li W, Zhou Q, Yu WK, Huang L, Chen J, Liu R, Li W, Yang X, Liu H. Toosendanin-induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells is associated with the κ-opioid receptor/β-catenin signaling axis. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 177:114014. [PMID: 32387457 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Developing new drugs for killing colorectal cancer (CRC) cells is urgently needed. Here, we explored the antitumor effects of toosendanin (TSN) in CRC, as well as explored its antitumor mechanisms and direct targets. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed by CCK8, colony formation, real-time cell impedance and flow cytometry. The signaling pathway and Wnt activity were analyzed by Wnt luciferase activity assay, quantitative real-time PCR and western blot. The interaction between TSN and the κ-opioid receptor was analyzed by a molecular docking simulation. BALB/c nude mice were used to detect the effects of TSN on tumor growth in vivo. We found that TSN inhibited proliferation, induced G1 phase arrest and caused caspase-dependent apoptosis in both 5-FU-sensitive and 5-FU-resistant CRC cells. Moreover, TSN effectively inhibited CRC growth in vivo. In terms of the mechanism, TSN inhibited Wnt/β-catenin signaling in CRC cells, and the molecular docking results showed that TSN could bind to κ-opioid receptors directly. Additionally, TSN-induced apoptosis and β-catenin decline were both reversed by the selective κ-opioid receptor agonist U50,488H. Our data demonstrate that TSN-induced apoptosis in CRC cells is associated with the κ-opioid receptor/β-catenin signaling axis, and TSN has promising potential as an antitumor agent for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuangyu Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory, Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory Animal Lab, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiqian Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wai Kin Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lanlan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junxiong Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruixian Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wende Li
- Guangdong Laboratory, Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory Animal Lab, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangling Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Huanliang Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Pothuraju R, Rachagani S, Krishn SR, Chaudhary S, Nimmakayala RK, Siddiqui JA, Ganguly K, Lakshmanan I, Cox JL, Mallya K, Kaur S, Batra SK. Molecular implications of MUC5AC-CD44 axis in colorectal cancer progression and chemoresistance. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:37. [PMID: 32098629 PMCID: PMC7041280 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01156-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differential expression of mucins has been associated with several cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC). In normal physiological conditions, secretory mucin MUC5AC is not expressed in the colonic mucosa, whereas its aberrant expression is observed during development of colon cancer and its precursor lesions. To date, the molecular mechanism of MUC5AC in CRC progression and drug resistance remains obscure. METHODS MUC5AC expression was determined in colon tissue microarray by immunohistochemistry. A RNA interference and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated system was used to knockdown/knockout the MUC5AC in CRC cell lines to delineate its role in CRC tumorigenesis using in vitro functional assays and in vivo (sub-cutaneous and colon orthotopic) mouse models. Finally, CRC cell lines and xenograft models were used to identify the mechanism of action of MUC5AC. RESULTS Overexpression of MUC5AC is observed in CRC patient tissues and cell lines. MUC5AC expression resulted in enhanced cell invasion and migration, and decreased apoptosis of CRC cells. MUC5AC interacted with CD44 physically, which was accompanied by the activation of Src signaling. Further, the presence of MUC5AC resulted in enhanced tumorigenesis and appearance of metastatic lesions in orthotopic mouse model. Additionally, up-regulation of MUC5AC resulted in resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin, and its knockout increased sensitivity to these drugs. Finally, we observed that up-regulation of MUC5AC conferred resistance to 5-FU through down-regulation of p53 and its target gene p21 and up-regulation of β-catenin and its target genes CD44 and Lgr5. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that differential expression of secretory mucin MUC5AC results in enhanced tumorigenesis and also confers chemoresistance via CD44/β-catenin/p53/p21 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Pothuraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Shiv Ram Krishn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sanjib Chaudhary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Rama Krishna Nimmakayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jawed A Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Koelina Ganguly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Imayavaramban Lakshmanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jesse L Cox
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kavita Mallya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sukhwinder Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Byun WS, Kim S, Shin YH, Kim WK, Oh DC, Lee SK. Antitumor Activity of Ohmyungsamycin A through the Regulation of the Skp2-p27 Axis and MCM4 in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:118-126. [PMID: 31894983 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ohmyungsamycin A (1), a novel cyclic peptide discovered from a marine Streptomyces sp., was previously reported with antibacterial and anticancer activities. However, the antitumor activities and the underlying molecular mechanisms of 1 remain to be elucidated. Compound 1 inhibited the proliferation and tumor growth of HCT116 human colorectal cancer cells based on both in vitro cell cultures and an in vivo animal model. A cDNA microarray analysis revealed that 1 downregulated genes involved in cell cycle checkpoint control. Compound 1 also induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest that was mediated by the regulation of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2)-p27 axis and minichromosome maintenance protein 4 (MCM4). Furthermore, a longer exposure of 1 exhibited an accumulation of a sub-G1 phase cell population, which is characteristic of apoptotic cells. The induction of apoptosis by 1 was also associated with the modulation of caspase family proteins. Compound 1 effectively suppressed tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model subcutaneously implanted with HCT116 cells. In addition, analysis of tumors revealed that 1 upregulated the expression of the CDK inhibitor p27 but downregulated the expression of Skp2 and MCM4. These findings demonstrate the involvement of 1 in cell cycle regulation and the induction of apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woong Sub Byun
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwa Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yern-Hyerk Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kyung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Chan Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
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73
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Hon KW, Ab-Mutalib NS, Abdullah NMA, Jamal R, Abu N. Extracellular Vesicle-derived circular RNAs confers chemoresistance in Colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16497. [PMID: 31712601 PMCID: PMC6848089 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53063-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemo-resistance is associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC), with the absence of early biomarker. Exosomes are microvesicles released by body cells for intercellular communication. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are non-coding RNAs with covalently closed loops and enriched in exosomes. Crosstalk between circRNAs in exosomes and chemo-resistance in CRC remains unknown. This research aims to identify exosomal circRNAs associated with FOLFOX-resistance in CRC. FOLFOX-resistant HCT116 CRC cells (HCT116-R) were generated from parental HCT116 cells (HCT116-P) using periodic drug induction. Exosomes were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Zetasizer and Western blot. Our exosomes were translucent cup-shaped structures under TEM with differential expression of TSG101, CD9, and CD63. We performed circRNAs microarray using exosomal RNAs from HCT116-R and HCT116-P cells. We validated our microarray data using serum samples. We performed drug sensitivity assay and cell cycle analysis to characterize selected circRNA after siRNA-knockdown. Using fold change >2 and p < 0.05, we identified 105 significantly upregulated and 34 downregulated circRNAs in HCT116-R exosomes. Knockdown of circ_0000338 improved the chemo-resistance of CRC cells. We have proposed that circ_0000338 may have dual regulatory roles in chemo-resistant CRC. Exosomal circ_0000338 could be a potential biomarker for further validation in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kha Wai Hon
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Syakima Ab-Mutalib
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nik Muhd Aslan Abdullah
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, UKM Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nadiah Abu
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Siraj AK, Kumar Parvathareddy S, Pratheeshkumar P, Padmaja Divya S, Ahmed SO, Melosantos R, Begum R, Concepcion RMJA, Al-Sanea N, Ashari LH, Abduljabbar A, Al-Dayel F, Al-Kuraya KS. APC truncating mutations in Middle Eastern Population: Tankyrase inhibitor is an effective strategy to sensitize APC mutant CRC To 5-FU chemotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 121:109572. [PMID: 31704613 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is highly heterogeneous for which prognosis is dependent mainly on clinical staging. There is a need to stratify subpopulations of CRC on molecular basis to better predict outcome and therapy response. Truncating mutations in adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) are well-described events in CRC carcinogenesis. Clinical and genotypic characterization of Middle Eastern CRC based on presence and type of APC was determined in 412 CRC tumors using modern next generation sequencing. APC truncating mutations were identified in 58.2% (240/412) of CRCs. Overall, mutation was significant predictor of superior overall survival. Further, the type of APC mutations (short or long) did not have impact on clinical outcome. However, in vitro analysis showed difference between CRC cell lines carrying short truncating APC vs CRC cells that carry long truncating APC mutation in response to 5-flourouracil (5-FU). Importantly, we were able to overcome the resistance to 5-FU seen in CRC cells carrying short APC by tankyrase inhibitor, XAV939, thereby inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade. Overall, our results showed that APC mutation status plays an important role in predicting overall survival in Middle Eastern population. Furthermore, in vitro data showed that selective targeting of APC mutated CRC by tankyrase inhibitor can be an effective strategy to overcome 5-FU resistance in CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul K Siraj
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Poyil Pratheeshkumar
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sasidharan Padmaja Divya
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeeda Omer Ahmed
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roxanne Melosantos
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafia Begum
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nasser Al-Sanea
- Department of Surgery, Colorectal Unit, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luai H Ashari
- Department of Surgery, Colorectal Unit, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fouad Al-Dayel
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawla S Al-Kuraya
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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MiR-532-3p suppresses colorectal cancer progression by disrupting the ETS1/TGM2 axis-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:739. [PMID: 31570702 PMCID: PMC6768886 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1962-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The expression panel of plasma microRNA defined miR-532-3p as a valuable biomarker for colorectal adenoma (CRA). However, its expression pattern and function in colorectal cancer (CRC) have remained unclear. The present study investigated the expression levels of miR-532-3p and found that it was in situ downregulated both in CRA and CRC. Moreover, it functioned as a sensitizer for chemotherapy in CRC by inducing cell cycle arrest and early apoptosis via its activating effects on p53 and apoptotic signaling pathways. In addition, miR-532-3p was found to restrain cell growth, metastasis, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype of CRC. A study on the mechanism behind these effects revealed that miR-532-3p directly binds to 3′UTR regions of ETS1 and TGM2, ultimately repressing the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Further investigation showed that TGM2 was transcriptionally regulated by ETS1 and ETS1/TGM2 axis served as a vital functional target of miR-532-3p in suppressing CRC progression. To conclude, miR-532-3p mimics could act as potential candidate for molecular therapy in CRC through inactivation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling and enhancement of chemosensitivity.
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76
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Fiore D, Piscopo C, Proto MC, Vasaturo M, Dal Piaz F, Fusco BM, Pagano C, Laezza C, Bifulco M, Gazzerro P. N6-Isopentenyladenosine Inhibits Colorectal Cancer and Improves Sensitivity to 5-Fluorouracil-Targeting FBXW7 Tumor Suppressor. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101456. [PMID: 31569395 PMCID: PMC6826543 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-isopentenyladenosine has been shown to exert potent in vitro antitumor activity on different human cancers, including colorectal cancer. Although some potential biochemical targets have been identified, its precise mechanism of action remains unclear. We found that N6-isopentenyladenosine affects colorectal cancer proliferation in in vitro models carrying different mutational status of FBXW7 and TP53 genes, and in HCT116 xenografts in SCID mice, by increasing the expression of the well-established tumor suppressor FBXW7, a component of the SCF-E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that promotes degradation of various oncoproteins and transcription factors, such as c-Myc, SREBP and Mcl1. Corroborating our previous studies, we identified for the first time the FBXW7/SREBP/FDPS axis as a target of the compound. Pull down of ubiquitinated proteins, immunoprecipitation and luciferase assays, reveal that through the increase of FBXW7/c-Myc binding, N6-isopentenyladenosine induces the ubiquitination of c-Myc, inhibiting its transcriptional activity. Moreover, in FBXW7- and TP53-wild type cells, N6-isopentenyladenosine strongly synergizes with 5-Fluorouracil to inhibit colon cancer growth in vitro. Our results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanism of N6-isopentenyladenosine, revealing its multi-targeting antitumor action, in vitro and in vivo. Restoring of FBXW7 tumor-suppressor represents a valid therapeutic tool, enabling N6-isopentenyladenosine as optimizable compound for patient-personalized therapies in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Fiore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Chiara Piscopo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
- PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Maria Chiara Proto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Michele Vasaturo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Dal Piaz
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (Salerno), Italy.
| | | | - Cristina Pagano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Chiara Laezza
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
- Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology "Gaetano Salvatore" (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Bifulco
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Gazzerro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
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Jin P, Jiang J, Xie N, Zhou L, Huang Z, Zhang L, Qin S, Fu S, Peng L, Gao W, Li B, Lei Y, Nice EC, Li C, Shao J, Xie K. MCT1 relieves osimertinib-induced CRC suppression by promoting autophagy through the LKB1/AMPK signaling. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:615. [PMID: 31409796 PMCID: PMC6692318 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1844-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide. Development of novel chemotherapeutics is still required to enable successful treatment and improve survival for CRC patients. Here, we found that osimertinib (OSI) exhibits potent anti-CRC effects by inducing apoptosis, independent of its selective inhibitory activity targeting the EGFR T790M mutation. Intriguingly, OSI treatment triggers autophagic flux in CRC cells. Inhibition of autophagy markedly augments OSI-induced apoptosis and growth inhibition in CRC cells, suggesting a protective role of autophagy in response to OSI treatment. Mechanistically, OSI upregulates the expression of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) and subsequently activates LKB1/AMPK signaling, leading to autophagy induction in CRC cells. Notably, OSI significantly exaggerates the sensitivity of CRC cells to the first-line drugs 5-fluorouracil or oxaliplatin. Taken together, our study unravels a novel mechanism of OSI-mediated protective autophagy involving MCT1/LKB1/AMPK signaling, and suggests the use of OSI as a potential agent for clinical CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Na Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Siyuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Shuyue Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Liyuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Lei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Changlong Li
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jichun Shao
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital), Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ke Xie
- Department of Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China.
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Zhang X, Shan S, Li H, Shi J, Lu Y, Li Z. Cloning, expression of the truncation of recombinant peroxidase derived from millet bran and its reversal effects on 5-Fu resistance in colorectal cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 132:871-879. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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79
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Viscarra T, Buchegger K, Jofre I, Riquelme I, Zanella L, Abanto M, Parker AC, Piccolo SR, Roa JC, Ili C, Brebi P. Functional and transcriptomic characterization of carboplatin-resistant A2780 ovarian cancer cell line. Biol Res 2019; 52:13. [PMID: 30894224 PMCID: PMC6427839 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-019-0220-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is a significant cancer-related cause of death in women worldwide. The most used chemotherapeutic regimen is based on carboplatin (CBDCA). However, CBDCA resistance is the main obstacle to a better prognosis. An in vitro drug-resistant cell model would help in the understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying this drug-resistance phenomenon. The aim of this study was to characterize cellular and molecular changes of induced CBDCA-resistant ovarian cancer cell line A2780. Methods The cell selection strategy used in this study was a dose-per-pulse method using a concentration of 100 μM for 2 h. Once 20 cycles of exposure to the drug were completed, the cell cultures showed a resistant phenotype. Then, the ovarian cancer cell line A2780 was grown with 100 μM of CBDCA (CBDCA-resistant cells) or without CBDCA (parental cells). After, a drug sensitivity assay, morphological analyses, cell death assays and a RNA-seq analysis were performed in CBDCA-resistant A2780 cells. Results Microscopy on both parental and CBDCA-resistant A2780 cells showed similar characteristics in morphology and F-actin distribution within cells. In cell-death assays, parental A2780 cells showed a significant increase in phosphatidylserine translocation and caspase-3/7 cleavage compared to CBDCA-resistant A2780 cells (P < 0.05 and P < 0.005, respectively). Cell viability in parental A2780 cells was significantly decreased compared to CBDCA-resistant A2780 cells (P < 0.0005). The RNA-seq analysis showed 156 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated mainly to molecular functions. Conclusion CBDCA-resistant A2780 ovarian cancer cells is a reliable model of CBDCA resistance that shows several DEGs involved in molecular functions such as transmembrane activity, protein binding to cell surface receptor and catalytic activity. Also, we found that the Wnt/β-catenin and integrin signaling pathway are the main metabolic pathway dysregulated in CBDCA-resistant A2780 cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40659-019-0220-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Viscarra
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Centro de Excelencia en Medicina Traslacional-Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Alemania #0478, 3th Floor, Temuco, Chile
| | - Kurt Buchegger
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Centro de Excelencia en Medicina Traslacional-Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Alemania #0478, 3th Floor, Temuco, Chile
| | - Ignacio Jofre
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Biological Peptides, Center of Biotechnology in Reproduction (CEBIOR-BIOREN), Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Ismael Riquelme
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile
| | - Louise Zanella
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Centro de Excelencia en Medicina Traslacional-Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Alemania #0478, 3th Floor, Temuco, Chile
| | - Michel Abanto
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Alyssa C Parker
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | | | - Juan Carlos Roa
- Department of Pathology, UC Centre for Investigational Oncology (CITO), Advanced Centre for Chronic Diseases (ACCDis), The Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Carmen Ili
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Centro de Excelencia en Medicina Traslacional-Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Alemania #0478, 3th Floor, Temuco, Chile.
| | - Priscilla Brebi
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Centro de Excelencia en Medicina Traslacional-Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Alemania #0478, 3th Floor, Temuco, Chile.
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Neve B, Jonckheere N, Vincent A, Van Seuningen I. Epigenetic Regulation by lncRNAs: An Overview Focused on UCA1 in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10110440. [PMID: 30441811 PMCID: PMC6266399 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10110440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancers have become the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. In particular, acquired chemoresistance and metastatic lesions occurring in colorectal cancer are a major challenge for chemotherapy treatment. Accumulating evidence shows that long non-coding (lncRNAs) are involved in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of cancer. We here discuss the epigenetic mechanisms through which lncRNAs regulate gene expression in cancer cells. In the second part of this review, we focus on the role of lncRNA Urothelial Cancer Associated 1 (UCA1) to integrate research in different types of cancer in order to decipher its putative function and mechanism of regulation in colorectal cancer cells. UCA1 is highly expressed in cancer cells and mediates transcriptional regulation on an epigenetic level through the interaction with chromatin modifiers, by direct regulation via chromatin looping and/or by sponging the action of a diversity of miRNAs. Furthermore, we discuss the role of UCA1 in the regulation of cell cycle progression and its relation to chemoresistance in colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Neve
- Inserm UMR-S 1172, Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer (JPArc), Team "Mucins, Epithelial Differentiation and Carcinogenesis"; University Lille; CHU Lille,59045, Lille CEDEX, France.
| | - Nicolas Jonckheere
- Inserm UMR-S 1172, Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer (JPArc), Team "Mucins, Epithelial Differentiation and Carcinogenesis"; University Lille; CHU Lille,59045, Lille CEDEX, France.
| | - Audrey Vincent
- Inserm UMR-S 1172, Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer (JPArc), Team "Mucins, Epithelial Differentiation and Carcinogenesis"; University Lille; CHU Lille,59045, Lille CEDEX, France.
| | - Isabelle Van Seuningen
- Inserm UMR-S 1172, Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer (JPArc), Team "Mucins, Epithelial Differentiation and Carcinogenesis"; University Lille; CHU Lille,59045, Lille CEDEX, France.
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