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Zimmermann H, Bose APH, Eisner H, Henshaw JM, Ziegelbecker A, Richter F, Bračun S, Katongo C, Fritzsche K, Sefc KM. Seasonal variation in cuckoldry rates in the socially monogamous cichlid fish Variabilichromis moorii. Hydrobiologia 2022; 850:2371-2383. [PMID: 37325485 PMCID: PMC10261196 DOI: 10.1007/s10750-022-05042-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mating patterns in animal populations can respond to environmental conditions and consequently vary across time. To examine this variation in nature, studies must include temporal replicates from the same population. Here, we report temporal variation in genetic parentage in the socially monogamous cichlid Variabilichromis moorii from Lake Tanganyika, using samples of broods and their brood-tending parents that were collected across five field trips from the same study population. The sampled broods were either spawned during the dry season (three field trips) or during the rainy season (two trips). In all seasons, we detected substantial rates of extra-pair paternity, which were ascribed to cuckoldry by bachelor males. Paternity shares of brood-tending males were consistently higher, and the numbers of sires per brood were consistently lower, in broods that were spawned in the dry seasons compared to broods from the rainy seasons. In contrast, the strength of size-assortative pairing in our V. moorii population did not vary temporally. Seasonal fluctuations in environmental conditions, such as water turbidity, are proposed as a mechanism behind variable cuckolder pressure. Our data demonstrate the utility of long-term monitoring to improve our understanding of animal mating patterns. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10750-022-05042-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Zimmermann
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Present Address: Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aneesh P. H. Bose
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Present Address: Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Helgit Eisner
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Present Address: Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jonathan M. Henshaw
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Present Address: Institute of Biology I, University of Freiburg, Hauptstraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Florian Richter
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Bračun
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Cyprian Katongo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zambia, Great East Road Campus, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Karoline Fritzsche
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Present Address: Institute of Biology I, University of Freiburg, Hauptstraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kristina M. Sefc
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Melnikova DL, Badrieva ZF, Kostin MA, Maller C, Stas M, Buczek A, Broda MA, Kupka T, Kelterer AM, Tolstoy PM, Skirda VD. On Complex Formation between 5-Fluorouracil and β-Cyclodextrin in Solution and in the Solid State: IR Markers and Detection of Short-Lived Complexes by Diffusion NMR. Molecules 2020; 25:E5706. [PMID: 33287255 PMCID: PMC7731325 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and IR spectroscopic markers of the complexation between 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) in solid state and in aqueous solution are investigated. In the attenuated total reflectance(ATR) spectra of 5-FU/β-CD products obtained by physical mixing, kneading and co-precipitation, we have identified the two most promising marker bands that could be used to detect complex formations: the C=O and C-F stretching bands of 5-FU that experience a blue shift by ca. 8 and 2 cm-1 upon complexation. The aqueous solutions were studied by NMR spectroscopy. As routine NMR spectra did not show any signs of complexation, we have analyzed the diffusion attenuation of spin-echo signals and the dependence of the population factor of slowly diffusing components on the diffusion time (diffusion NMR of pulsed-field gradient (PFG) NMR). The analysis has revealed that, at each moment, ~60% of 5-FU molecules form a complex with β-CD and its lifetime is ca. 13.5 ms. It is likely to be an inclusion complex, judging from the independence of the diffusion coefficient of β-CD on complexation. The obtained results could be important for future attempts of finding better methods of targeted anticancer drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria L. Melnikova
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya 16a, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (D.L.M.); (Z.F.B.)
| | - Zilya F. Badrieva
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya 16a, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (D.L.M.); (Z.F.B.)
| | - Mikhail A. Kostin
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskiy pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Corina Maller
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria; (C.M.); (A.-M.K.)
| | - Monika Stas
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, Oleska Street 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland; (M.S.); (A.B.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Aneta Buczek
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, Oleska Street 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland; (M.S.); (A.B.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Malgorzata A. Broda
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, Oleska Street 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland; (M.S.); (A.B.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Teobald Kupka
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, Oleska Street 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland; (M.S.); (A.B.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Anne-Marie Kelterer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria; (C.M.); (A.-M.K.)
| | - Peter M. Tolstoy
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskiy pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Vladimir D. Skirda
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya 16a, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (D.L.M.); (Z.F.B.)
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Yakymovych A, Slabon A, Plevachuk Y, Sklyarchuk V, Sokoliuk B. Lightweight magnesium nanocomposites: electrical conductivity of liquid magnesium doped by CoPd nanoparticles. Appl Nanosci 2019; 9:1119-1125. [PMID: 31404218 PMCID: PMC6661030 DOI: 10.1007/s13204-018-0789-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The effect of monodisperse bimetallic CoPd NP admixtures on the electrical conductivity of liquid magnesium was studied. Temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity of liquid Mg98(CoPd)2, Mg96(CoPd)4, and Mg92(CoPd)8 alloys was measured in a wide temperature range above the melting point by a four-point method. It was shown that the addition of even small amount of CoPd nanoparticles to liquid Mg has a significant effect on the electrical properties of the melts obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Yakymovych
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry – Functional Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Metal Physics, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Kyrylo i Mephodiy str. 8, Lviv, 79005 Ukraine
| | - Adam Slabon
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Yuriy Plevachuk
- Department of Metal Physics, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Kyrylo i Mephodiy str. 8, Lviv, 79005 Ukraine
| | - Vasyl Sklyarchuk
- Department of Metal Physics, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Kyrylo i Mephodiy str. 8, Lviv, 79005 Ukraine
| | - Bohdan Sokoliuk
- Department of Metal Physics, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Kyrylo i Mephodiy str. 8, Lviv, 79005 Ukraine
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Marramà G, Carnevale G. Eoalosa janvieri gen. et sp. nov., a new clupeid fish (Teleostei, Clupeiformes) from the Eocene of Monte Bolca, Italy. Palaontol Z 2018; 92:107-120. [PMID: 29515269 PMCID: PMC5830460 DOI: 10.1007/s12542-017-0378-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Fishes of the family Clupeidae are extremely abundant in the Eocene fossiliferous limestone of Monte Bolca representing the most common group from this celebrated locality. A new clupeid from the Pesciara site, Eoalosa janvieri gen. et sp. nov., is described. The new taxon exhibits a unique combination of characters supporting its recognition as a new genus and species of clupeid fish that is tentatively placed in the subfamily Alosinae. The description of this new taxon improves our knowledge of the diversity of clupeoid fishes in the Eocene of Monte Bolca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Marramà
- Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Geozentrum, Althanstraβe 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Giorgio Carnevale
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Terra, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Valperga Caluso, 35 10125 Turin, Italy
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Coskun H, Aljabour A, De Luna P, Farka D, Greunz T, Stifter D, Kus M, Zheng X, Liu M, Hassel AW, Schöfberger W, Sargent EH, Sariciftci NS, Stadler P. Biofunctionalized conductive polymers enable efficient CO 2 electroreduction. Sci Adv 2017; 3:e1700686. [PMID: 28798958 PMCID: PMC5544399 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1700686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Selective electrocatalysts are urgently needed for carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction to replace fossil fuels with renewable fuels, thereby closing the carbon cycle. To date, noble metals have achieved the best performance in energy yield and faradaic efficiency and have recently reached impressive electrical-to-chemical power conversion efficiencies. However, the scarcity of precious metals makes the search for scalable, metal-free, CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) catalysts all the more important. We report an all-organic, that is, metal-free, electrocatalyst that achieves impressive performance comparable to that of best-in-class Ag electrocatalysts. We hypothesized that polydopamine-a conjugated polymer whose structure incorporates hydrogen-bonded motifs found in enzymes-could offer the combination of efficient electrical conduction, together with rendered active catalytic sites, and potentially thereby enable CO2RR. Only by developing a vapor-phase polymerization of polydopamine were we able to combine the needed excellent conductivity with thin film-based processing. We achieve catalytic performance with geometric current densities of 18 mA cm-2 at 0.21 V overpotential (-0.86 V versus normal hydrogen electrode) for the electrosynthesis of C1 species (carbon monoxide and formate) with continuous 16-hour operation at >80% faradaic efficiency. Our catalyst exhibits lower overpotentials than state-of-the-art formate-selective metal electrocatalysts (for example, 0.5 V for Ag at 18 mA cm-1). The results confirm the value of exploiting hydrogen-bonded sequences as effective catalytic centers for renewable and cost-efficient industrial CO2RR applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halime Coskun
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Abdalaziz Aljabour
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Selçuk University, 42075 Konya, Turkey
| | - Phil De Luna
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Dominik Farka
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Theresia Greunz
- Center for Surface and Nanoanalytics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - David Stifter
- Center for Surface and Nanoanalytics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Mahmut Kus
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Selçuk University, 42075 Konya, Turkey
| | - Xueli Zheng
- Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Min Liu
- Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Achim W. Hassel
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Combinatorial Oxide Chemistry (COMBOX) at Institute for Chemical Technology of Inorganic Materials, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Schöfberger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Edward H. Sargent
- Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Niyazi Serdar Sariciftci
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Philipp Stadler
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Corresponding author.
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Gribovszki K, Kovács K, Mónus P, Bokelmann G, Konecny P, Lednická M, Moseley G, Spötl C, Edwards R, Bednárik M, Brimich L, Tóth L. Estimating the upper limit of prehistoric peak ground acceleration using an in situ, intact and vulnerable stalagmite from Plavecká priepast cave (Detrekői-zsomboly), Little Carpathians, Slovakia-first results. J Seismol 2017; 21:1111-1130. [PMID: 28867960 PMCID: PMC5563345 DOI: 10.1007/s10950-017-9655-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Earthquakes hit urban centres in Europe infrequently, but occasionally with disastrous effects. Obtaining an unbiased view of seismic hazard (and risk) is therefore very important. In principle, the best way to test probabilistic seismic hazard assessments (PSHAs) is to compare them with observations that are entirely independent of the procedure used to produce PSHA models. Arguably, the most valuable information in this context should be information on long-term hazard, namely maximum intensities (or magnitudes) occurring over time intervals that are at least as long as a seismic cycle. The new observations can provide information of maximum intensity (or magnitude) for long timescale as an input data for PSHA studies as well. Long-term information can be gained from intact stalagmites in natural caves. These formations survived all earthquakes that have occurred over thousands of years, depending on the age of the stalagmite. Their 'survival' requires that the horizontal ground acceleration (HGA) has never exceeded a certain critical value within that time period. Here, we present such a stalagmite-based case study from the Little Carpathians of Slovakia. A specially shaped, intact and vulnerable stalagmite in the Plavecká priepast cave was examined in 2013. This stalagmite is suitable for estimating the upper limit of horizontal peak ground acceleration generated by prehistoric earthquakes. The critical HGA values as a function of time going back into the past determined from the stalagmite that we investigated are presented. For example, at the time of Jókő event (1906), the critical HGA value cannot have been higher than 1 and 1.3 m/s2 at the time of the assumed Carnuntum event (∼340 AD), and 3000 years ago, it must have been lower than 1.7 m/s2. We claimed that the effect of Jókő earthquake (1906) on the location of the Plavecká priepast cave is consistent with the critical HGA value provided by the stalagmite we investigated. The approach used in this study yields significant new constraints on the seismic hazard, as tectonic structures close to Plavecká priepast cave did not generate strong earthquakes in the last few thousand years. The results of this study are highly relevant given that the two capitals, Vienna and Bratislava, are located within 40 and 70 km of the cave, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Gribovszki
- Department of Meteorology and Geophysics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Geodetic and Geophysical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Science, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Sopron, Hungary
| | - K. Kovács
- Geodetic and Geophysical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Science, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Sopron, Hungary
| | - P. Mónus
- Geodetic and Geophysical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Science, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Sopron, Hungary
| | - G. Bokelmann
- Department of Meteorology and Geophysics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - P. Konecny
- Institute of Geonics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Planetarium Ostrava, Faculty of Mining and Geology, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - M. Lednická
- Institute of Geonics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - G. Moseley
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - C. Spötl
- Institute of Geology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R.L. Edwards
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - M. Bednárik
- Geophysical Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - L. Brimich
- Geophysical Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - L. Tóth
- Geodetic and Geophysical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Science, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Sopron, Hungary
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