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Mukai K, Tsai M, Saito H, Galli SJ. Mast cells as sources of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Immunol Rev 2019; 282:121-150. [PMID: 29431212 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 458] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are hematopoietic cells that reside in virtually all vascularized tissues and that represent potential sources of a wide variety of biologically active secreted products, including diverse cytokines and growth factors. There is strong evidence for important non-redundant roles of mast cells in many types of innate or adaptive immune responses, including making important contributions to immediate and chronic IgE-associated allergic disorders and enhancing host resistance to certain venoms and parasites. However, mast cells have been proposed to influence many other biological processes, including responses to bacteria and virus, angiogenesis, wound healing, fibrosis, autoimmune and metabolic disorders, and cancer. The potential functions of mast cells in many of these settings is thought to reflect their ability to secrete, upon appropriate activation by a range of immune or non-immune stimuli, a broad spectrum of cytokines (including many chemokines) and growth factors, with potential autocrine, paracrine, local, and systemic effects. In this review, we summarize the evidence indicating which cytokines and growth factors can be produced by various populations of rodent and human mast cells in response to particular immune or non-immune stimuli, and comment on the proven or potential roles of such mast cell products in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Mukai
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mindy Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hirohisa Saito
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health & Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stephen J Galli
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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52
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Wilcock A, Bahri R, Bulfone‐Paus S, Arkwright PD. Mast cell disorders: From infancy to maturity. Allergy 2019; 74:53-63. [PMID: 30390314 DOI: 10.1111/all.13657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are typically linked to immediate hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis. This review looks beyond this narrow role, focusing on how these cells have evolved and diversified via natural selection promoting serine protease gene duplication, augmenting their innate host defense function against helminths and snake envenomation. Plasticity of mast cell genes has come at a price. Somatic activating mutations in the mast cell growth factor KIT gene cause cutaneous mastocytosis in young children and systemic mastocytosis with a more guarded prognosis in adults who may also harbor other gene mutations with oncogenic potential as they age. Allelic TPSAB1 gene duplication associated with higher basal mast cell tryptase is possibly one of the commonest autosomal dominantly inherited multi-system diseases affecting the skin, gastrointestinal tract, circulation and musculoskeletal system. Mast cells are also establishing a new-found importance in severe asthma, and in remodeling of blood vessels in cancer and atherosclerotic vascular disease. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that mast cells sense changes in oxygen tension, particularly in neonates, and that subsequent degranulation may contribute to common lung, eye, and brain diseases of prematurity classically associated with hypoxic insults. One hundred and forty years since Paul Ehrlich's initial description of "mastzellen," this review collates and highlights the complex and diverse roles that mast cells play in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Wilcock
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Rajia Bahri
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Silvia Bulfone‐Paus
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Peter D. Arkwright
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation University of Manchester Manchester UK
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Khadge S, Thiele GM, Sharp JG, McGuire TR, Klassen LW, Black PN, DiRusso CC, Cook L, Talmadge JE. Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids decrease mammary tumor growth, multiorgan metastasis and enhance survival. Clin Exp Metastasis 2018; 35:797-818. [PMID: 30327985 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-018-9941-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies show a reduced risk of breast cancer (BC) in women consuming high levels of long-chain (LC) omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids (FAs) compared with women who consumed low levels. However, the regulatory and mechanistic roles of dietary ω-6 and LC-ω-3 FAs on tumor progression, metastasis and survival are poorly understood. Female BALB/c mice (10-week old) were pair-fed with a diet containing ω-3 or an isocaloric, isolipidic ω-6 diet for 16 weeks prior to the orthotopic implantation of 4T1 mammary tumor cells. Major outcomes studied included: mammary tumor growth, survival analysis, and metastases analyses in multiple organs including pulmonary, hepatic, bone, cardiac, renal, ovarian, and contralateral MG (CMG). The dietary regulation of the tumor microenvironment was evaluated in mice autopsied on day-35 post tumor injection. In mice fed the ω-3 containing diet, there was a significant delay in tumor initiation and prolonged survival relative to the ω-6 diet-fed group. The tumor size on day 35 post tumor injection in the ω-3 group was 50% smaller and the frequencies of pulmonary and bone metastases were significantly lower relative to the ω-6 group. Similarly, the incidence/frequencies and/or size of cardiac, renal, ovarian metastases were significantly lower in mice fed the ω-3 diet. The analyses of the tumor microenvironment showed that tumors in the ω-3 group had significantly lower numbers of proliferating tumor cells (Ki67+)/high power field (HPF), and higher numbers of apoptotic tumor cells (TUNEL+)/HPF, lower neo-vascularization (CD31+ vessels/HPF), infiltration by neutrophil elastase+ cells, and macrophages (F4/80+) relative to the tumors from the ω-6 group. Further, in tumors from the ω-3 diet-fed mice, T-cell infiltration was 102% higher resulting in a neutrophil to T-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) that was 76% lower (p < 0.05). Direct correlations were observed between NLR with tumor size and T-cell infiltration with the number of apoptotic tumor cells. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that tumor IL10 mRNA levels were significantly higher (six-fold) in the tumors from mice fed the ω-3 diet and inversely correlated with the tumor size. Our data suggest that dietary LC-ω-3FAs modulates the mammary tumor microenvironment slowing tumor growth, and reducing metastases to both common and less preferential organs resulting in prolonged survival. The surrogate analyses undertaken support a mechanism of action by dietary LC-ω-3FAs that includes, but is not limited to decreased infiltration by myeloid cells (neutrophils and macrophages), an increase in CD3+ lymphocyte infiltration and IL10 associated anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saraswoti Khadge
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6495, USA
| | - Geoffrey M Thiele
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6495, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6495, USA.,Veteran Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - John Graham Sharp
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Timothy R McGuire
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Lynell W Klassen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6495, USA.,Veteran Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Paul N Black
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Concetta C DiRusso
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Leah Cook
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6495, USA
| | - James E Talmadge
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6495, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6495, USA.
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Korkmaz B, Caughey GH, Chapple I, Gauthier F, Hirschfeld J, Jenne DE, Kettritz R, Lalmanach G, Lamort AS, Lauritzen C, Łȩgowska M, Lesner A, Marchand-Adam S, McKaig SJ, Moss C, Pedersen J, Roberts H, Schreiber A, Seren S, Thakker NS. Therapeutic targeting of cathepsin C: from pathophysiology to treatment. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 190:202-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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55
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Kennedy L, Hargrove L, Demieville J, Karstens A, Jones H, DeMorrow S, Meng F, Invernizzi P, Bernuzzi F, Alpini G, Smith S, Akers A, Meadows V, Francis H. Blocking H1/H2 histamine receptors inhibits damage/fibrosis in Mdr2 -/- mice and human cholangiocarcinoma tumorigenesis. Hepatology 2018; 68:1042-1056. [PMID: 29601088 PMCID: PMC6165706 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) patients are at risk of developing cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). We have shown that (1) histamine increases biliary hyperplasia through H1/H2 histamine receptors (HRs) and (2) histamine levels increase and mast cells (MCs) infiltrate during PSC and CCA. We examined the effects of chronic treatment with H1/H2HR antagonists on PSC and CCA. Wild-type and multidrug-resistant knockout (Mdr2-/- ) mice were treated by osmotic minipumps with saline, mepyramine, or ranitidine (10 mg/kg body weight/day) or a combination of mepyramine/ranitidine for 4 weeks. Liver damage was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin. We evaluated (1) H1/H2HR expression, (2) MC presence, (3) L-histidine decarboxylase/histamine axis, (4) cholangiocyte proliferation/bile duct mass, and (5) fibrosis/hepatic stellate cell activation. Nu/nu mice were implanted with Mz-ChA-1 cells into the hind flanks and treated with saline, mepyramine, or ranitidine. Tumor growth was measured, and (1) H1/H2HR expression, (2) proliferation, (3) MC activation, (4) angiogenesis, and (5) epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were evaluated. In vitro, human hepatic stellate cells were evaluated for H1HR and H2HR expression. Cultured cholangiocytes and CCA lines were treated with saline, mepyramine, or ranitidine (25 μM) before evaluating proliferation, angiogenesis, EMT, and potential signaling mechanisms. H1/H2HR and MC presence increased in human PSC and CCA. In H1/H2HR antagonist (alone or in combination)-treated Mdr2-/- mice, liver and biliary damage and fibrosis decreased compared to saline treatment. H1/H2HR antagonists decreased tumor growth, serum histamine, angiogenesis, and EMT. In vitro, H1/H2HR blockers reduced biliary proliferation, and CCA cells had decreased proliferation, angiogenesis, EMT, and migration. Conclusion: Inhibition of H1/H2HR reverses PSC-associated damage and decreases CCA growth, angiogenesis, and EMT; because PSC patients are at risk of developing CCA, using HR blockers may be therapeutic for these diseases. (Hepatology 2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Kennedy
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas, USA
- Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Laura Hargrove
- Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, Texas, USA
| | | | - Allen Karstens
- Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Hannah Jones
- Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Sharon DeMorrow
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas, USA
- Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas, USA
- Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas, USA
- Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- Program for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, International Center for Digestive Health, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Francesca Bernuzzi
- Program for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, International Center for Digestive Health, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas, USA
- Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas, USA
- Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Steven Smith
- Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Austin Akers
- Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Victoria Meadows
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Heather Francis
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas, USA
- Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas, USA
- Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, Texas, USA
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Zuazo-Gaztelu I, Casanovas O. Unraveling the Role of Angiogenesis in Cancer Ecosystems. Front Oncol 2018; 8:248. [PMID: 30013950 PMCID: PMC6036108 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the tumor and stromal cell-driven angiogenic program is one of the first requirements in the tumor ecosystem for growth and dissemination. The understanding of the dynamic angiogenic tumor ecosystem has rapidly evolved over the last decades. Beginning with the canonical sprouting angiogenesis, followed by vasculogenesis and intussusception, and finishing with vasculogenic mimicry, the need for different neovascularization mechanisms is further explored. In addition, an overview of the orchestration of angiogenesis within the tumor ecosystem cellular and molecular components is provided. Clinical evidence has demonstrated the effectiveness of traditional vessel-directed antiangiogenics, stressing on the important role of angiogenesis in tumor establishment, dissemination, and growth. Particular focus is placed on the interaction between tumor cells and their surrounding ecosystem, which is now regarded as a promising target for the development of new antiangiogenics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iratxe Zuazo-Gaztelu
- Tumor Angiogenesis Group, ProCURE, Catalan Institute of Oncology - IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Casanovas
- Tumor Angiogenesis Group, ProCURE, Catalan Institute of Oncology - IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
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57
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Varricchi G, Loffredo S, Galdiero MR, Marone G, Cristinziano L, Granata F, Marone G. Innate effector cells in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Curr Opin Immunol 2018; 53:152-160. [PMID: 29778674 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are distinct and complex processes requiring a finely tuned balance between stimulatory and inhibitory signals. During adulthood, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are activated at sites of tumor growth, tissue injury and remodeling, and chronic inflammation. Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), angiopoietin (ANGPTs) and a multitude of additional signaling molecules play distinct roles in the modulation of angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis. VEGFs and ANGPTs activate specific tyrosine kinase receptor (e.g., VEGFR1, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3 and TIE2 respectively), expressed on blood endothelial cells (angiogenesis) and lymphatic endothelial cells (lymphangiogenesis). Although tumor cells produce VEGFs and other proangiogenic mediators, tissue resident (e.g., macrophages, mast cells) and circulating immune cells (e.g., basophils, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils) are an important source of angiogenic/lymphangiogenic mediators in inflammation and in tumor microenvironment and at site of chronic inflammation. Certain immune cells can also release anti-angiogenic factors. Mast cells, basophils, neutrophils and presumably other immune cells are not only a source of angiogenic/lymphangiogenic molecules, but also their target. Cells of the immune system need consideration as major players and possible targets for therapeutic manipulation of angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis in chronic inflammatory disorders and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Traslational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), Naples, Italy; World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy.
| | - Stefania Loffredo
- Department of Traslational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), Naples, Italy; World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Galdiero
- Department of Traslational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), Naples, Italy; World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Marone
- Department of Public Health, Section of Hygiene, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Monaldi Hospital Pharmacy, Naples, Italy
| | - Leonardo Cristinziano
- Department of Traslational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), Naples, Italy
| | - Francescopaolo Granata
- Department of Traslational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), Naples, Italy; World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Traslational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), Naples, Italy; World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "Gaetano Salvatore", National Research Council, Naples, Italy.
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58
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Yang J, Yan J, Liu B. Targeting VEGF/VEGFR to Modulate Antitumor Immunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:978. [PMID: 29774034 PMCID: PMC5943566 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to the crucial role in promoting the growth of tumor vessels, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is also immunosuppressive. VEGF can inhibit the function of T cells, increase the recruitment of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and hinder the differentiation and activation of dendritic cells (DCs). Recent studies have investigated the role of antiangiogenic agents in antitumor immunity, especially in recent 3 years. Therefore, it is necessary to update the role of targeting VEGF/VEGFR in antitumor immunity. In this review, we focus on the latest clinical and preclinical findings on the modulatory role of antiangiogenic agents targeting VEGF/VEGFR in immune cells, including effector T cells, Tregs, MDSCs, DCs, tumor-associated macrophages, and mast cells. Our review will be potentially helpful for the development of combinations of angiogenesis inhibitors with immunological modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Yang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Yan
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baorui Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Bauer R, Udonta F, Wroblewski M, Ben-Batalla I, Santos IM, Taverna F, Kuhlencord M, Gensch V, Päsler S, Vinckier S, Brandner JM, Pantel K, Bokemeyer C, Vogl T, Roth J, Carmeliet P, Loges S. Blockade of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Expansion with All-Trans Retinoic Acid Increases the Efficacy of Antiangiogenic Therapy. Cancer Res 2018; 78:3220-3232. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-3415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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