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Savic G, Stevanovic I, Mihajlovic D, Jurisevic M, Gajovic N, Jovanovic I, Ninkovic M. MMP-9/BDNF ratio predicts more severe COVID-19 outcomes. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:1903-1911. [PMID: 36438922 PMCID: PMC9682503 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.75337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 clinically manifests from asymptomatic to the critical range. Immune response provokes the pro-inflammatory interactions, which lead to the cytokines, reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, peptidases, and arachidonic acid metabolites enlargement and activation of coagulation components. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) contribute to tissue destruction in the development of COVID-19. Due to the endothelial, systemic course of the disease, VEGF A participates actively in COVID-19 development, while neurotrophic and metabolic effects of BDNF recommends for the prediction of complications in COVID-19 patients. Searching for a marker that would improve and simplify the ranking in COVID-19, the study intended to evaluate the relationship of MMP-9 with VEGF A, BDNF, and MMP-8 with the COVID-19 severity. Upon admission to the hospital and before the therapy administration, 77 patients were classified into a mild, moderate, severe, or critical group. Due to the inflammatory stage in COVID-19, a comparison between groups showed related differences in leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and platelets counts as anticipated. Only in seriously ill patients, there is a significant increase in the serum concentration of MMP-9, MMP-8, and VEGF A, while BDNF values did not show significant variations between groups. However, all those parameters positively correlated with each other. The ratio of MMP-9/BDNF markedly decreased in the severe and critically patients compared to the mild group. Testing the capability of this ratio to predict the COVID-19 stage by ROC curves, we found the MMP-9/BDNF could be a suitable marker for differentiating stages I/II (AUC 0.7597), stage I/III (AUC 0.9011), and stage I/IV (AUC 0.7727). Presented data describe for the first time the high-level systemic MMP-9/BDNF ratio in patients with COVID-19. This parameter could contribute to a more precise determination of the phase of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Savic
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Stevanovic
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.,Institute of Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dusan Mihajlovic
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Jurisevic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nevena Gajovic
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivan Jovanovic
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milica Ninkovic
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.,Institute of Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, Belgrade, Serbia
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52
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Kolos JM, Pomplun S, Jung S, Rieß B, Purder PL, Voll AM, Merz S, Gnatzy M, Geiger TM, Quist-Løkken I, Jatzlau J, Knaus P, Holien T, Bracher A, Meyners C, Czodrowski P, Krewald V, Hausch F. Picomolar FKBP inhibitors enabled by a single water-displacing methyl group in bicyclic [4.3.1] aza-amides. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14758-14765. [PMID: 34820091 PMCID: PMC8597852 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04638a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Methyl groups can have profound effects in drug discovery but the underlying mechanisms are diverse and incompletely understood. Here we report the stereospecific effect of a single, solvent-exposed methyl group in bicyclic [4.3.1] aza-amides, robustly leading to a 2 to 10-fold increase in binding affinity for FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs). This resulted in the most potent and efficient FKBP ligands known to date. By a combination of co-crystal structures, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), density-functional theory (DFT), and 3D reference interaction site model (3D-RISM) calculations we elucidated the origin of the observed affinity boost, which was purely entropically driven and relied on the displacement of a water molecule at the protein-ligand-bulk solvent interface. The best compounds potently occupied FKBPs in cells and enhanced bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling. Our results show how subtle manipulation of the solvent network can be used to design atom-efficient ligands for difficult, solvent-exposed binding pockets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen M Kolos
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64293 Darmstadt Germany .,Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry Kraepelinstr. 2-10 80804 München Germany
| | - Sebastian Pomplun
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry Kraepelinstr. 2-10 80804 München Germany
| | - Sascha Jung
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Benedikt Rieß
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry Kraepelinstr. 2-10 80804 München Germany
| | - Patrick L Purder
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64293 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Andreas M Voll
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64293 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Stephanie Merz
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64293 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Monika Gnatzy
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64293 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Thomas M Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64293 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Ingrid Quist-Løkken
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology 7491 Trondheim Norway.,Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital 7030 Trondheim Norway.,Department of Hematology, St. Olav's University Hospital 7030 Trondheim Norway
| | - Jerome Jatzlau
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Petra Knaus
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Toril Holien
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology 7491 Trondheim Norway.,Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital 7030 Trondheim Norway.,Department of Hematology, St. Olav's University Hospital 7030 Trondheim Norway
| | - Andreas Bracher
- Research Department Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Planegg Germany
| | - Christian Meyners
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64293 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Paul Czodrowski
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Vera Krewald
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64293 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Felix Hausch
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64293 Darmstadt Germany
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53
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Herzog DP, Perumal N, Manicam C, Treccani G, Nadig J, Rossmanith M, Engelmann J, Jene T, Hasch A, van der Kooij MA, Lieb K, Gassen NC, Grus FH, Müller MB. Longitudinal CSF proteome profiling in mice to uncover the acute and sustained mechanisms of action of rapid acting antidepressant (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine (HNK). Neurobiol Stress 2021; 15:100404. [PMID: 34632008 PMCID: PMC8488754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Delayed onset of antidepressant action is a shortcoming in depression treatment. Ketamine and its metabolite (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine (HNK) have emerged as promising rapid-acting antidepressants. However, their mechanism of action remains unknown. In this study, we first described the anxious and depression-prone inbred mouse strain, DBA/2J, as an animal model to assess the antidepressant-like effects of ketamine and HNK in vivo. To decode the molecular mechanisms mediating HNK's rapid antidepressant effects, a longitudinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteome profiling of its acute and sustained effects was conducted using an unbiased, hypothesis-free mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach. A total of 387 proteins were identified, with a major implication of significantly differentially expressed proteins in the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling pathway, providing evidence for a link between HNK and regulation of the stress hormone system. Mechanistically, we identified HNK to repress GR-mediated transcription and reduce hormonal sensitivity of GR in vitro. In addition, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were predicted to be important upstream regulators of HNK treatment. Our results contribute to precise understanding of the temporal dynamics and molecular targets underlying HNK's rapid antidepressant-like effects, which can be used as a benchmark for improved treatment strategies for depression in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Herzog
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Natarajan Perumal
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Caroline Manicam
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Giulia Treccani
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.,Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Jens Nadig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Milena Rossmanith
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan Engelmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Jene
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Annika Hasch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael A van der Kooij
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Lieb
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nils C Gassen
- Neurohomeostasis Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Franz H Grus
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marianne B Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz, Germany
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