51
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Jung M, Kim H, Hwang JW, Choi Y, Kang M, Kim C, Hong J, Lee NK, Moon S, Chang JW, Choi SJ, Oh SY, Jang H, Na DL, Kim BS. Iron Oxide Nanoparticle-Incorporated Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:476-490. [PMID: 36638236 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with multifactorial pathogenesis. However, most current therapeutic approaches for AD target a single pathophysiological mechanism, generally resulting in unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes. Recently, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy, which targets multiple pathological mechanisms of AD, has been explored as a novel treatment. However, the low brain retention efficiency of administered MSCs limits their therapeutic efficacy. In addition, autologous MSCs from AD patients may have poor therapeutic abilities. Here, we overcome these limitations by developing iron oxide nanoparticle (IONP)-incorporated human Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs (MSC-IONPs). IONPs promote therapeutic molecule expression in MSCs. Following intracerebroventricular injection, MSC-IONPs showed a higher brain retention efficiency under magnetic guidance. This potentiates the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs in murine models of AD. Furthermore, human Wharton's jelly-derived allogeneic MSCs may exhibit higher therapeutic abilities than those of autologous MSCs in aged AD patients. This strategy may pave the way for developing MSC therapies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mungyo Jung
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongseop Kim
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute (CGTI), Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul06351, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute, ENCell Co., Ltd., Seoul06072, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Won Hwang
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejoo Choi
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute (CGTI), Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Mikyung Kang
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheesue Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Hong
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Kyung Lee
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute (CGTI), Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul06351, Republic of Korea
- Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul06351, Republic of Korea
- School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangjun Moon
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Wook Chang
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute (CGTI), Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul06351, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute, ENCell Co., Ltd., Seoul06072, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Joo Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Young Oh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Jang
- Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul06351, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk L Na
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute (CGTI), Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul06351, Republic of Korea
- Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul06351, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Chemical Processes, Institute of Engineering Research, and BioMAX, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
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52
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Imbimbo B, Balducci C, Ippati S, Watling M. Initial failures of anti-tau antibodies in Alzheimer's disease are reminiscent of the amyloid-β story. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:117-118. [PMID: 35799522 PMCID: PMC9241406 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.340409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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53
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Karimi N, Bayram Çatak F, Arslan E, Saghazadeh A, Rezaei N. Tau immunotherapy in Alzheimer’s disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109445. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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54
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Bespalov A, Courade JP, Khiroug L, Terstappen GC, Wang Y. A call for better understanding of target engagement in Tau antibody development. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:103338. [PMID: 35973661 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.103338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Significant efforts have been channeled into developing antibodies for the treatment of CNS indications. Disappointment with the first generation of clinical Tau antibodies in Alzheimer's disease has highlighted the challenges in understanding whether an antibody can reach or affect the target in the compartment where it is involved in pathological processes. Here, we highlight different aspects essential for improving translatability of Tau-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yipeng Wang
- Shanghai Qiangrui Biotech, Shanghai, PR China
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55
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Hovakimyan A, Zagorski K, Chailyan G, Antonyan T, Melikyan L, Petrushina I, Batt DG, King O, Ghazaryan M, Donthi A, Foose C, Petrovsky N, Cribbs DH, Agadjanyan MG, Ghochikyan A. Immunogenicity of MultiTEP platform technology-based Tau vaccine in non-human primates. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:117. [PMID: 36224191 PMCID: PMC9556597 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00544-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological forms of Tau protein are directly associated with neurodegeneration and correlate with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) symptoms, progression, and severity. Previously, using various mouse models of Tauopathies and AD, we have demonstrated the immunogenicity and efficacy of the MultiTEP-based adjuvanted vaccine targeting the phosphatase activating domain (PAD) of Tau, AV-1980R/A. Here, we analyzed its immunogenicity in non-human primates (NHP), the closest phylogenic relatives to humans with a similar immune system, to initiate the transition of this vaccine into clinical trials. We have demonstrated that AV-1980R/A is highly immunogenic in these NHPs, activating a broad but unique to each monkey repertoire of MultiTEP-specific T helper (Th) cells that, in turn, activate B cells specific to PAD. The resulting anti-PAD IgG antibodies recognize pathological Tau tangles and Tau-positive neuritis in AD case brain sections with no staining in control non-AD cases. These published data and efficacy results support the AV-1980R/A vaccine progression to first-in-human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armine Hovakimyan
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA, USA
| | - Karen Zagorski
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA, USA
| | - Gor Chailyan
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA, USA
| | - Tatevik Antonyan
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA, USA
| | - Levon Melikyan
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA, USA
| | - Irina Petrushina
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Dash G Batt
- Charles C. Gates manufacturing Facility, University of Colorado/Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Olga King
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA, USA
| | - Manush Ghazaryan
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA, USA
| | - Aashrit Donthi
- Charles C. Gates manufacturing Facility, University of Colorado/Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Caitlynn Foose
- Charles C. Gates manufacturing Facility, University of Colorado/Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nikolai Petrovsky
- Vaxine Pty Ltd, Flinders Medical Center, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - David H Cribbs
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Michael G Agadjanyan
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA, USA.
| | - Anahit Ghochikyan
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA, USA.
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56
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Opportunities and challenges in delivering biologics for Alzheimer's disease by low-intensity ultrasound. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 189:114517. [PMID: 36030018 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Low-intensity ultrasound combined with intravenously injected microbubbles (US+MB) is a novel treatment modality for brain disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), safely and transiently allowing therapeutic agents to overcome the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that constitutes a major barrier for therapeutic agents. Here, we first provide an update on immunotherapies in AD and how US+MB has been applied to AD mouse models and in clinical trials, considering the ultrasound and microbubble parameter space. In the second half of the review, we compare different in vitro BBB models and discuss strategies for combining US+MB with BBB modulators (targeting molecules such as claudin-5), and highlight the insight provided by super-resolution microscopy. Finally, we conclude with a short discussion on how in vitro findings can inform the design of animal studies, and how the insight gained may aid treatment optimization in the clinical ultrasound space.
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57
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Höllerhage M, Klietz M, Höglinger GU. Disease modification in Parkinsonism: obstacles and ways forward. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2022; 129:1133-1153. [PMID: 35695938 PMCID: PMC9463344 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02520-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To date, the diagnoses of Parkinson syndromes are based on clinical examination. Therefore, these specific diagnoses are made, when the neuropathological process is already advanced. However, disease modification or neuroprotection, is considered to be most effective before marked neurodegeneration has occurred. In recent years, early clinical or prodromal stages of Parkinson syndromes came into focus. Moreover, subtypes of distinct diseases will allow predictions of the individual course of the diseases more precisely. Thereby, patients will be enrolled into clinical trials with more specific disease entities and endpoints. Furthermore, novel fluid and imaging biomarkers that allow biochemical diagnoses are under development. These will lead to earlier diagnoses and earlier therapy in the future as consequence. Furthermore, therapeutic approaches will take the underlying neuropathological process of neurodegenerative Parkinson syndromes more specific into account. Specifically, future therapies will target the aggregation of aggregation-prone proteins such as alpha-synuclein and tau, the degradation of pathological aggregates, and the spreading of pathological protein aggregates throughout the brain. Many of these approaches are already in (pre)clinical development. In addition, anti-inflammatory approaches are in development. Furthermore, drug-repurposing is a feasible approach to shorten the developmental process of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Höllerhage
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - M Klietz
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - G U Höglinger
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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58
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Keep RF, Jones HC, Drewes LR. Advances in brain barriers and brain fluids research in 2021: great progress in a time of adversity. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:48. [PMID: 35681151 PMCID: PMC9178944 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00343-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This editorial highlights advances in brain barrier and brain fluid research in 2021. It covers research on components of the blood–brain barrier, neurovascular unit and brain fluid systems; how brain barriers and brain fluid systems are impacted by neurological disorders and their role in disease progression; and advances in strategies for treating such disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard F Keep
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, R5018 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA.
| | | | - Lester R Drewes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
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59
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Coughlin DG, Litvan I. Investigational therapeutics for the treatment of progressive supranuclear palsy. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2022; 31:813-823. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2022.2087179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David G Coughlin
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, 92093, CA
| | - Irene Litvan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, 92093, CA
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60
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Congdon EE, Jiang Y, Sigurdsson EM. Targeting tau only extracellularly is likely to be less efficacious than targeting it both intra- and extracellularly. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 126:125-137. [PMID: 34896021 PMCID: PMC9680670 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of the tau protein is thought to be responsible for the neurodegeneration and subsequent functional impairments in diseases that are collectively named tauopathies. Alzheimer's disease is the most common tauopathy, but the group consists of over 20 different diseases, many of which have tau pathology as their primary feature. The development of tau therapies has mainly focused on preventing the formation of and/or clearing these aggregates. Of these, immunotherapies that aim to either elicit endogenous tau antibodies or deliver exogenous ones are the most common approach in clinical trials. While their mechanism of action can involve several pathways, both extra- and intracellular, pharmaceutical companies have primarily focused on antibody-mediated clearance of extracellular tau. As we have pointed out over the years, this is rather surprising because it is well known that most of pathological tau protein is found intracellularly. It has been repeatedly shown by several groups over the past decades that antibodies can enter neurons and that their cellular uptake can be enhanced by various means, particularly by altering their charge. Here, we will briefly describe the potential extra- and intracellular mechanisms involved in antibody-mediated clearance of tau pathology, discuss these in the context of recent failures of some of the tau antibody trials, and finally provide a brief overview of how the intracellular efficacy of tau antibodies can potentially be further improved by certain modifications that aim to enhance tau clearance via specific intracellular degradation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Congdon
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States.
| | - Yixiang Jiang
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Einar M Sigurdsson
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States.
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61
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Lopez-Cuina M, Meissner WG. Targeting alpha-synuclein or tau for treating neurodegenerative movement disorders. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2022; 178:460-471. [PMID: 35562199 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The two commonest groups of neurodegenerative disorders causing movement disorders are synucleinopathies and tauopathies. These disorders are characterised by the accumulation of abnormally misfolded forms of α-synuclein and tau proteins. Our current understanding of their pathogenesis suggests that extracellular forms of these proteins are of major relevance to the mechanism of pathology propagation throughout the brain and disease progression. The most novel approaches to find disease-modifying therapies aim to reduce or block these forms of tau and α-synuclein. This article reviews therapeutic strategies targeting α-synuclein and tau protein which have entered clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lopez-Cuina
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; University Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - W G Meissner
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CHU Bordeaux, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, IMNc, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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62
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Scotton WJ, Bocchetta M, Todd E, Cash DM, Oxtoby N, VandeVrede L, Heuer H, Alexander DC, Rowe JB, Morris HR, Boxer A, Rohrer JD, Wijeratne PA. A data-driven model of brain volume changes in progressive supranuclear palsy. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac098. [PMID: 35602649 PMCID: PMC9118104 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common clinical phenotype of progressive supranuclear palsy is Richardson syndrome, characterized by levodopa unresponsive symmetric parkinsonism, with a vertical supranuclear gaze palsy, early falls and cognitive impairment. There is currently no detailed understanding of the full sequence of disease pathophysiology in progressive supranuclear palsy. Determining the sequence of brain atrophy in progressive supranuclear palsy could provide important insights into the mechanisms of disease progression, as well as guide patient stratification and monitoring for clinical trials. We used a probabilistic event-based model applied to cross-sectional structural MRI scans in a large international cohort, to determine the sequence of brain atrophy in clinically diagnosed progressive supranuclear palsy Richardson syndrome. A total of 341 people with Richardson syndrome (of whom 255 had 12-month follow-up imaging) and 260 controls were included in the study. We used a combination of 12-month follow-up MRI scans, and a validated clinical rating score (progressive supranuclear palsy rating scale) to demonstrate the longitudinal consistency and utility of the event-based model's staging system. The event-based model estimated that the earliest atrophy occurs in the brainstem and subcortical regions followed by progression caudally into the superior cerebellar peduncle and deep cerebellar nuclei, and rostrally to the cortex. The sequence of cortical atrophy progresses in an anterior to posterior direction, beginning in the insula and then the frontal lobe before spreading to the temporal, parietal and finally the occipital lobe. This in vivo ordering accords with the post-mortem neuropathological staging of progressive supranuclear palsy and was robust under cross-validation. Using longitudinal information from 12-month follow-up scans, we demonstrate that subjects consistently move to later stages over this time interval, supporting the validity of the model. In addition, both clinical severity (progressive supranuclear palsy rating scale) and disease duration were significantly correlated with the predicted subject event-based model stage (P < 0.01). Our results provide new insights into the sequence of atrophy progression in progressive supranuclear palsy and offer potential utility to stratify people with this disease on entry into clinical trials based on disease stage, as well as track disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. J. Scotton
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen
Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - M. Bocchetta
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen
Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - E. Todd
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen
Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - D. M. Cash
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen
Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - N. Oxtoby
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University
College London, London, UK
| | - L. VandeVrede
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of
California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - H. Heuer
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of
California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - D. C. Alexander
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University
College London, London, UK
| | - J. B. Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge University, Cambridge
University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge
University, Cambridge, UK
| | - H. R. Morris
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London
Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Movement Disorders Centre, University College London Queen Square Institute of
Neurology, London, UK
| | - A. Boxer
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of
California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J. D. Rohrer
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen
Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - P. A. Wijeratne
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University
College London, London, UK
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63
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Danis C, Dupré E, Zejneli O, Caillierez R, Arrial A, Bégard S, Mortelecque J, Eddarkaoui S, Loyens A, Cantrelle FX, Hanoulle X, Rain JC, Colin M, Buée L, Landrieu I. Inhibition of Tau seeding by targeting Tau nucleation core within neurons with a single domain antibody fragment. Mol Ther 2022; 30:1484-1499. [PMID: 35007758 PMCID: PMC9077319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau proteins aggregate into filaments in brain cells in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders referred to as tauopathies. Here, we used fragments of camelid heavy-chain-only antibodies (VHHs or single domain antibody fragments) targeting Tau as immuno-modulators of its pathologic seeding. A VHH issued from the screen against Tau of a synthetic phage-display library of humanized VHHs was selected for its capacity to bind Tau microtubule-binding domain, composing the core of Tau fibrils. This parent VHH was optimized to improve its biochemical properties and to act in the intra-cellular compartment, resulting in VHH Z70. VHH Z70 precisely binds the PHF6 sequence, known for its nucleation capacity, as shown by the crystal structure of the complex. VHH Z70 was more efficient than the parent VHH to inhibit in vitro Tau aggregation in heparin-induced assays. Expression of VHH Z70 in a cellular model of Tau seeding also decreased the aggregation-reporting fluorescence signal. Finally, intra-cellular expression of VHH Z70 in the brain of an established tauopathy mouse seeding model demonstrated its capacity to mitigate accumulation of pathological Tau. VHH Z70, by targeting Tau inside brain neurons, where most of the pathological Tau resides, provides an immunological tool to target the intra-cellular compartment in tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Danis
- CNRS, EMR9002 BSI Integrative Structural Biology, 59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, 59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Elian Dupré
- CNRS, EMR9002 BSI Integrative Structural Biology, 59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, 59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Orgeta Zejneli
- CNRS, EMR9002 BSI Integrative Structural Biology, 59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, 59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Raphaëlle Caillierez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Alexis Arrial
- Hybrigenic Services, Evry-Courcouronnes 91000, France
| | - Séverine Bégard
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Justine Mortelecque
- CNRS, EMR9002 BSI Integrative Structural Biology, 59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Sabiha Eddarkaoui
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Anne Loyens
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - François-Xavier Cantrelle
- CNRS, EMR9002 BSI Integrative Structural Biology, 59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Xavier Hanoulle
- CNRS, EMR9002 BSI Integrative Structural Biology, 59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, 59000 Lille, France
| | | | - Morvane Colin
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Luc Buée
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Isabelle Landrieu
- CNRS, EMR9002 BSI Integrative Structural Biology, 59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, 59000 Lille, France.
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64
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The Role of Tau beyond Alzheimer’s Disease: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040760. [PMID: 35453510 PMCID: PMC9026415 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, there is a need for reliable fluid biomarkers to improve differential diagnosis, prognosis, and the prediction of treatment response, particularly in the management of neurogenerative diseases that display an extreme variability in clinical phenotypes. In recent years, Tau protein has been progressively recognized as a valuable neuronal biomarker in several neurological conditions, not only Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Cerebrospinal fluid and serum Tau have been extensively investigated in several neurodegenerative disorders, from classically defined proteinopathy, e.g., amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Parkinson’s disease (PD), but also in inflammatory conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS), as a marker of axonal damage. In MS, total Tau (t-Tau) may represent, along with other proteins, a marker with diagnostic and prognostic value. In ALS, t-Tau and, mainly, the phosphorylated-Tau/t-Tau ratio alone or integrated with transactive DNA binding protein of ~43 kDa (TDP-43), may represent a tool for both diagnosis and differential diagnosis of other motoneuron diseases or tauopathies. Evidence indicated the crucial role of the Tau protein in the pathogenesis of PD and other parkinsonian disorders. This narrative review summarizes current knowledge regarding non-AD neurodegenerative diseases and the Tau protein.
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Song C, Shi J, Zhang P, Zhang Y, Xu J, Zhao L, Zhang R, Wang H, Chen H. Immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease: targeting β-amyloid and beyond. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:18. [PMID: 35300725 PMCID: PMC8932191 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00292-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly worldwide. However, the complexity of AD pathogenesis leads to discrepancies in the understanding of this disease, and may be the main reason for the failure of AD drug development. Fortunately, many ongoing preclinical and clinical studies will continually open up avenues to unravel disease mechanisms and guide strategies for AD diagnosis and drug development. For example, immunotherapeutic strategies targeting amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau proteins were once deemed almost certainly effective in clinical treatment due to the excellent preclinical results. However, the repeated failures of clinical trials on vaccines and humanized anti-Aβ and anti-tau monoclonal antibodies have resulted in doubts on this strategy. Recently, a new anti-Aβ monoclonal antibody (Aducanumab) has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, which brings us back to the realization that immunotherapy strategies targeting Aβ may be still promising. Meanwhile, immunotherapies based on other targets such as tau, microglia and gut-brain axis are also under development. Further research is still needed to clarify the forms and epitopes of targeted proteins to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of immunotherapeutic drugs. In this review, we focus on the immunotherapies based on Aβ, tau and microglia and their mechanisms of action in AD. In addition, we present up-to-date advances and future perspectives on immunotherapeutic strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghuan Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jiyun Shi
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Pingao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yongfang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jianrong Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lanxue Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Hongzhuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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66
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Golde TE. Disease-Modifying Therapies for Alzheimer's Disease: More Questions than Answers. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:209-227. [PMID: 35229269 PMCID: PMC8885119 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01201-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientific advances over the last four decades have steadily infused the Alzheimer's disease (AD) field with great optimism that therapies targeting Aβ, amyloid, tau, and innate immune activation states in the brain would provide disease modification. Unfortunately, this optimistic scenario has not yet played out. Though a recent approval of the anti-Aβ aggregate binding antibody, Aduhelm (aducanumab), as a "disease-modifying therapy for AD" is viewed by some as a breakthrough, many remain unconvinced by the data underlying this approval. Collectively, we have not succeeded in changing AD from a largely untreatable, inevitable, and incurable disease to a treatable, preventable, and curable one. Here, I will review the major foci of the AD "disease-modifying" therapeutic pipeline and some of the "open questions" that remain in terms of these therapeutic approaches. I will conclude the review by discussing how we, as a field, might adjust our approach, learning from our past failures to ensure future success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd E Golde
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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67
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Espay AJ. Movement disorders research in 2021: cracking the paradigm. Lancet Neurol 2021; 21:10-11. [PMID: 34942122 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(21)00413-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto J Espay
- James J and Joan A Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA.
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68
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Höglinger GU. Does the Anti-Tau Strategy in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Need to Be Reconsidered? No. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2021; 8:1038-1040. [PMID: 34631939 PMCID: PMC8485628 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Günter U. Höglinger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesMunichGermany
- Department of NeurologyHannover Medical SchoolHanoverGermany
- Center for Systems NeuroscienceHanoverGermany
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69
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Stamelou M, Respondek G, Giagkou N, Whitwell JL, Kovacs GG, Höglinger GU. Evolving concepts in progressive supranuclear palsy and other 4-repeat tauopathies. Nat Rev Neurol 2021; 17:601-620. [PMID: 34426686 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-021-00541-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tauopathies are classified according to whether tau deposits predominantly contain tau isoforms with three or four repeats of the microtubule-binding domain. Those in which four-repeat (4R) tau predominates are known as 4R-tauopathies, and include progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, argyrophilic grain disease, globular glial tauopathies and conditions associated with specific MAPT mutations. In these diseases, 4R-tau deposits are found in various cell types and anatomical regions of the brain and the conditions share pathological, pathophysiological and clinical characteristics. Despite being considered 'prototype' tauopathies and, therefore, ideal for studying neuroprotective agents, 4R-tauopathies are still severe and untreatable diseases for which no validated biomarkers exist. However, advances in research have addressed the issues of phenotypic overlap, early clinical diagnosis, pathophysiology and identification of biomarkers, setting a road map towards development of treatments. New clinical criteria have been developed and large cohorts with early disease are being followed up in prospective studies. New clinical trial readouts are emerging and biomarker research is focused on molecular pathways that have been identified. Lessons learned from failed trials of neuroprotective drugs are being used to design new trials. In this Review, we present an overview of the latest research in 4R-tauopathies, with a focus on progressive supranuclear palsy, and discuss how current evidence dictates ongoing and future research goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stamelou
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Dept, HYGEIA Hospital, Athens, Greece. .,European University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus. .,Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Gesine Respondek
- Department of Neurology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Giagkou
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Dept, HYGEIA Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Gabor G Kovacs
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (CRND), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine Program and Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Günter U Höglinger
- Department of Neurology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
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Jabbari E, Duff KE. Tau-targeting antibody therapies: too late, wrong epitope or wrong target? Nat Med 2021; 27:1341-1342. [PMID: 34385709 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01465-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Jabbari
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK. .,Movement Disorders Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
| | - Karen E Duff
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. .,UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK.
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