1
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Gupta D, Vuong T, Wang S, Korst LM, Pruetz JD. Update on Prenatal Detection Rate of Critical Congenital Heart Disease Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Pediatr Cardiol 2024; 45:1015-1022. [PMID: 38565667 PMCID: PMC11056324 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-024-03487-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Prenatal diagnosis of critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) has improved over time, and previous studies have identified CCHD subtype and socioeconomic status as factors influencing rates of prenatal diagnosis. Our objective of this single-center study was to compare prenatal diagnosis rates of newborns with CCHD admitted for cardiac intervention from the COVID-19 pandemic period (March 2020 to March 2021) to the pre-pandemic period and identify factors associated with the lack of CCHD prenatal diagnosis. The overall rate of CCHD and rates of the various CCHD diagnoses were calculated and compared with historical data collection periods (2009-2012 and 2013-2016). Compared with the 2009-2012 pre-pandemic period, patients had 2.17 times higher odds of having a prenatal diagnosis of CCHD during the pandemic period controlling for lesion type (aOR = 2.17, 95% CI 1.36-3.48, p = 0.001). Single ventricle lesions (aOR 6.74 [4.64-9.80], p < 0.001) and outflow tract anomalies (aOR 2.20 [1.56-3.12], p < 0.001) had the highest odds of prenatal diagnosis compared with the remaining lesions. Patients with outflow tract anomalies had higher odds for prenatal detection in the pandemic period compared with during the 2009-2012 pre-pandemic period (aOR 2.01 [1.06-3.78], p = 0.031). In conclusion, prenatal detection of CCHD among newborns presenting for cardiac intervention appeared to have improved during the pandemic period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Gupta
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tiffany Vuong
- Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shuo Wang
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Division of Cardiology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lisa M Korst
- Childbirth Research Associates, LLC, North Hollywood, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jay D Pruetz
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Division of Cardiology, Fetal Cardiology Program, Keck School of Medicine of USC, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, California, 90027, USA.
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2
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Suzuki I, Xing H, Giblin J, Ashraf A, Chung EJ. Nanoparticle-based therapeutic strategies for mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:895-913. [PMID: 38217313 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Although cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of global mortality, there is a lack of therapies that target and revert underlying pathological processes. Mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the pathophysiology of CVD, and thus is a potential target for therapeutic development. To target the mitochondria and improve therapeutic efficacy, nanoparticle-based delivery systems have been proposed as promising strategies for the delivery of therapeutic agents to the mitochondria. This review will first discuss how mitochondrial dysfunction is related to the progression of several CVD and then delineate recent progress in mitochondrial targeting using nanoparticle-based delivery systems including peptide-based nanosystems, polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, and lipid nanoparticles. In addition, we summarize the advantages of these nanocarriers and remaining challenges in targeting the mitochondria as a therapeutic strategy for CVD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Suzuki
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Huihua Xing
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joshua Giblin
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anisa Ashraf
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eun Ji Chung
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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3
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Goodman MC, Chang P, Minteer W, Nguyen D, Gopalkrishnan K, Phan J. Patient Complications and Device Issues Associated With FDA-Approved Intragastric Balloons Available in the USA: A Maude Database Study. Obes Surg 2024; 34:1971-1974. [PMID: 38467899 PMCID: PMC11031455 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan C Goodman
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Patrick Chang
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William Minteer
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Denis Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kalpana Gopalkrishnan
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Phan
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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4
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Moshtael R, Lynch ME, Duncan GE, Beam CR. A Genetically Informed Study of the Association Between Perceived Stress and Loneliness. Behav Genet 2024; 54:268-277. [PMID: 38341828 PMCID: PMC11032291 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-023-10176-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Although research shows a strong positive association between perceived stress and loneliness, the genetic and environmental etiology underlying their association remains unknown. People with a genetic predisposition to perceived stress, for example, may be more prone to feeling lonely and vice versa. Conversely, unique factors in people's lives may explain differences in perceived stress levels that, in turn, affect feelings of loneliness. We tested whether genetic factors, environmental factors, or both account for the association between perceived stress and loneliness. Participants were 3,066 individual twins (nFemale = 2,154, 70.3%) from the Washington State Twin Registry who completed a survey during April-May, 2020. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the item-level perceived stress and loneliness measures. The correlation between latent perceived stress and latent loneliness was .68. Genetic and nonshared environmental variance components underlying perceived stress accounted for 3.71% and 23.26% of the total variance in loneliness, respectively. The genetic correlation between loneliness and perceived stress was .45 and did not differ significantly between men and women. The nonshared environmental correlation was .54 and also did not differ between men and women. Findings suggest that holding constant the strong genetic association between perceived stress and loneliness, unique life experiences underlying people's perceived stress account for individual differences in loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Moshtael
- Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, 3620 McClintock Ave., Seeley G. Mudd Room 501, Los Angeles, CA, 90063, USA.
| | - Morgan E Lynch
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Glen E Duncan
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Washington State University, Pullman, USA
| | - Christopher R Beam
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
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5
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Petersen T. Toward Modeling the Structure of Electrolytes at Charged Mineral Interfaces Using Classical Density Functional Theory. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:3981-3996. [PMID: 38626457 PMCID: PMC11056995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c08045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
The organization of water molecules and ions between charged mineral surfaces determines the stability of colloidal suspensions and the strength of phase-separated particulate gels. In this article, we assemble a density functional that measures the free energy due to the interaction of water molecules and ions in electric double layers. The model accounts for the finite size of the particles using fundamental measure theory, hydrogen-bonding between water molecules using Wertheim's statistical association theory, long-range dispersion interactions using Barker and Henderson's high-temperature expansion, electrostatic correlations using a functionalized mean-spherical approximation, and Coulomb forces through the Poisson equation. These contributions are shown to produce highly correlated structures, aptly rendering the layering of counterions and co-ions at highly charged surfaces and permitting the solvation of ions and surfaces to be measured by a combination of short-range associations and long-ranged attractions. The model is tested in a planar geometry near soft, charged surfaces to reproduce the structure of water near graphene and mica. For mica surfaces, explicitly representing the density of the outer oxygen layer of the exposed silica tetrahedra allows water molecules to hydrogen-bond to the solid. When electrostatic interactions are included, water molecules assume a hybrid character, being accounted for implicitly in the dielectric constant but explicitly otherwise. The disjoining pressure between approaching like-charged surfaces is calculated, demonstrating the model's ability to probe pressure oscillations that arise during the expulsion of ions and water layers from the interfacial gap and predict strong interattractive stresses that form at narrow interfacial spacing when the surface charge is overscreened. This interattractive stress arises not due to in-plane correlations under strong electrostatic coupling but due to the out-of-plane structuring of associating ions and water molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Petersen
- Sonny Astani Department of
Civil and Environmental Engineering, University
of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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6
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Ahsan R, Wu Z, Jalal SA, Kapadia R. Ultralow Power Electronic Analog of a Biological Fitzhugh-Nagumo Neuron. ACS Omega 2024; 9:18062-18071. [PMID: 38680341 PMCID: PMC11044232 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Here, we introduce an electronic circuit that mimics the functionality of a biological spiking neuron following the Fitzhugh-Nagumo (FN) model. The circuit consists of a tunnel diode that exhibits negative differential resistance (NDR) and an active inductive element implemented by a single MOSFET. The FN neuron converts a DC voltage excitation into voltage spikes analogous to biological action potentials. We predict an energy cost of 2 aJ/cycle through detailed simulation and modeling for these FN neurons. Such an FN neuron is CMOS compatible and enables ultralow power oscillatory and spiking neural network hardware. We demonstrate that FN neurons can be used for oscillator-based computing in a coupled oscillator network to form an oscillator Ising machine (OIM) that can solve computationally hard NP-complete max-cut problems while showing robustness toward process variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragib Ahsan
- Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles 90089-0001, United
States
| | - Zezhi Wu
- Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles 90089-0001, United
States
| | - Seyedeh Atiyeh
Abbasi Jalal
- Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles 90089-0001, United
States
| | - Rehan Kapadia
- Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles 90089-0001, United
States
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7
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Sheen J, Curtin L, Finley S, Konstorum A, McGee R, Craig M. Integrating Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion into Preclinical, Clinical, and Public Health Mathematical Models. Bull Math Biol 2024; 86:56. [PMID: 38625656 PMCID: PMC11021228 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-024-01282-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Mathematical modelling applied to preclinical, clinical, and public health research is critical for our understanding of a multitude of biological principles. Biology is fundamentally heterogeneous, and mathematical modelling must meet the challenge of variability head on to ensure the principles of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) are integrated into quantitative analyses. Here we provide a follow-up perspective on the DEI plenary session held at the 2023 Society for Mathematical Biology Annual Meeting to discuss key issues for the increased integration of DEI in mathematical modelling in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Sheen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, USA
| | - Lee Curtin
- Mathematical Neuro-Oncology Lab, Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Stacey Finley
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
| | | | - Reginald McGee
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, USA
| | - Morgan Craig
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Azrieli Research Centre, Montréal, Canada.
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8
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Drabo EF, Kelley MA, Gong CL. Appealing to Americans' altruism is not enough to nudge them to accept novel vaccines. J Public Health (Oxf) 2024:fdae048. [PMID: 38570896 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdae048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of altruism in the acceptance of novel preventive healthcare technologies like vaccines has not been thoroughly elucidated. METHODS We 1:1 randomized n = 2004 Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) participants residing in the USA into a control or treatment arm with vaccination decisions framed altruistically, to elicit their preferences for COVID-19 vaccination using web-based discrete choice experiments. We used conditional and mixed logit models to estimate the impact of framing decisions in terms of altruism on vaccination acceptance. RESULTS Valid responses were provided by 1674 participants (control, n = 848; treatment, n = 826). Framing vaccination decisions altruistically had no significant effect on vaccination acceptance. Further, respondents' degree of altruism had no association with vaccination acceptance. LIMITATIONS The MTurk sample may not be representative of the American population. We were unable to ascertain concordance between stated and revealed preferences. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Framing vaccination decisions in terms of altruism does not appear to significantly influence vaccination acceptance and may not be an effective nudging mechanism to increase the uptake of novel vaccines. Instead, a favorable vaccination profile appears to be the primary driver of uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel F Drabo
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Marcella A Kelley
- Leonard D. Schaeffer Center for Health Policy & Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - Cynthia L Gong
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, Fetal and Neonatal Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
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9
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Fitzke RE, Bouskill KE, Sedano A, Tran DD, Saba SK, Buch K, Hummer JF, Davis JP, Pedersen ER. Barriers and Facilitators to Behavioral Healthcare for Women Veterans: a Mixed-Methods Analysis of the Current Landscape. J Behav Health Serv Res 2024; 51:164-184. [PMID: 37798569 PMCID: PMC10940443 DOI: 10.1007/s11414-023-09862-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Women veterans have historically faced barriers to behavioral health treatment, particularly through the VA. In conjunction, there have been changes in behavioral healthcare delivery resulting from efforts to improve care for women veterans and the COVID-19 pandemic (e.g., widespread telehealth implementation). The current study draws on a quantitative and qualitative study centering current perspectives of women veterans in their choices to seek or not seek behavioral healthcare in VA and non-VA settings through interviewing 18 women recruited from a larger survey study on veteran behavioral health (n = 83 women, n = 882 men) on their experiences with behavioral health care access and satisfaction, including barriers and facilitators to seeking care. Quantitative findings are descriptively reported from the larger study, which outlined screening for behavioral health problems, behavioral health utilization, treatment modality preferences, and barriers/facilitators to care. While women in the survey sample screened for various behavioral health disorders, rates of treatment seeking remained relatively low. Women reported positive and negative experiences with telehealth and endorsed many barriers to treatment seeking in interviews not captured by survey findings, including lack of women-specific care (e.g., care for military sexual trauma, women-only groups), reports of stranger harassment at the VA, and lack of female providers. Women veterans continue to face barriers to behavioral healthcare; however, ongoing efforts to improve care access and quality, including the implementation of telehealth, show promise in reducing these obstacles. Continued efforts are needed to ensure diverse treatment modalities continue to reach women veterans as this population grows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reagan E Fitzke
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 2250 Alcazar St., Suite 2200, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
| | | | - Angeles Sedano
- University of Southern California, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, 669 W. 34th St, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Denise D Tran
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 2250 Alcazar St., Suite 2200, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Shaddy K Saba
- University of Southern California, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, 669 W. 34th St, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Keegan Buch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 2250 Alcazar St., Suite 2200, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Justin F Hummer
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main St, Santa Monica, CA, 90401, USA
| | - Jordan P Davis
- University of Southern California, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, 669 W. 34th St, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Eric R Pedersen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 2250 Alcazar St., Suite 2200, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
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10
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Wakhlu N, Soto C, Duncan M, Titman A, Turner BJ. Wellness Tour for Tribal Communities During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Uniting Sacred Space with Western Medicine to Prevent Substance Use. J Community Health 2024; 49:248-256. [PMID: 37848654 PMCID: PMC10924718 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-023-01295-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUD) and overdose deaths worsened further during the Covid-19 pandemic in American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) communities. The Native Dad's Network (NDN) delivered the Wellness Tour, offering cultural activities and SUD prevention education, from March 2021 to June 2022, to 11 AIAN tribal communities across California. The in-person program created a "sacred space" through culturally congruent song, dance, and prayer. SUD education included: a lecture about opioids and SUD; group talking circles; an educational skit led by adolescents; and training in naloxone and fentanyl testing strip use along with supplies. After the day-long program, 341 participants agreed strongly on a 5-point Likert type question that it improved their quality of life (mean = 4.7). Among 243 respondents, agreement was strong (mean = 4.8) to two Likert-type questions about cultural relevance and confidence in using naloxone. This AIAN-led program adopted safe practices during the pandemic to deliver culturally congruent SUD prevention education to severely affected AIAN communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nausheen Wakhlu
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 2020 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, United States of America
| | - Claradina Soto
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 2020 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, United States of America
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 North Soto Street, Los Angeles, 90032, United States of America
| | - Mike Duncan
- California Consortium for Urban Indian Health, 1016 Lincoln Blvd #111, San Francisco, CA, 94129, United States of America
| | - Albert Titman
- California Consortium for Urban Indian Health, 1016 Lincoln Blvd #111, San Francisco, CA, 94129, United States of America
| | - Barbara J Turner
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 2020 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, United States of America.
- Gehr Center for Health Systems Science, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 2020 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, United States of America.
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11
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Shera CA. Swept Along: Measuring Otoacoustic Emissions Using Continuously Varying Stimuli. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2024; 25:91-102. [PMID: 38409555 PMCID: PMC11018600 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-024-00934-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
At the 2004 Midwinter Meeting of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology, Glenis Long and her colleagues introduced a method for measuring distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) using primary-tone stimuli whose instantaneous frequencies vary continuously with time. In contrast to standard OAE measurement methods, in which emissions are measured in the sinusoidal steady state using discrete tones of well-defined frequency, the swept-tone method sweeps across frequency, often at rates exceeding 1 oct/s. The resulting response waveforms are then analyzed using an appropriate filter (e.g., by least-squares fitting). Although introduced as a convenient way of studying DPOAE fine structure by separating the total OAE into distortion and reflection components, the swept-tone method has since been extended to stimulus-frequency emissions and has proved an efficient and valuable tool for probing cochlear mechanics. One day-a long time coming-swept tones may even find their way into the audiology clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Shera
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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12
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Wisniowski P, Putnam LR, Gallagher S, Rawal R, Houghton C, Lipham JC. Short term safety of magnetic sphincter augmentation vs minimally invasive fundoplication: an ACS-NSQIP analysis. Surg Endosc 2024; 38:1944-1949. [PMID: 38334778 PMCID: PMC10978616 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-024-10672-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Magnetic Sphincter Augmentation (MSA) is an FDA-approved anti-reflux procedure with comparable outcomes to fundoplication. However, most data regarding its use are limited to single or small multicenter studies which may limit the generalizability of its efficacy. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of patients undergoing MSA vs fundoplication in a national database. MATERIALS AND METHODS The 2017-2020 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) Registry was utilized to evaluate patients undergoing MSA or fundoplication. Patients requiring Collis gastroplasty, paraesophageal hernia repair, and emergency cases, were excluded. Patient outcomes included overall complication rates, readmissions, reoperations, and mortality. RESULTS A total of 7,882 patients underwent MSA (n = 597) or fundoplication (n = 7285). MSA patients were younger (51 vs 57, p < 0.001), and more often male (49.6 vs 34.3%, p < 0.001). While patients undergoing MSA experienced similar rates of reoperation (1.0 vs 2.0%, p = 0.095), they experienced fewer readmissions (2.2 vs 4.7%, p = 0.005), complications (0.6 vs 4.0%, p < 0.001), shorter mean (SD) hospital length of stay(days) (0.4 ± 4.3 vs 1.8 ± 4.6, p < 0.001) and operative time(min) (80.8 ± 36.1 vs 118.7 ± 63.7, p < 0.001). Mortality was similar between groups (0 vs 0.3%, p = 0.175). On multivariable analysis, MSA was independently associated with reduced postoperative complications (OR 0.23, CI 0.08 to 0.61, p = 0.002), readmissions (OR 0.53, CI 0.30 to 0.94, p = 0.02), operative time (RC - 36.56, CI - 41.62 to - 31.49. p < 0.001) and length of stay (RC - 1.22, CI - 1.61 to - 0.84 p < 0.001). CONCLUSION In this national database study, compared to fundoplication MSA was associated with reduced postoperative complications, fewer readmissions, and shorter operative time and hospital length of stay. While randomized trials are lacking between MSA and fundoplication, both institutional and national database studies continue to support the use of MSA as a safe anti-reflux operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Wisniowski
- Division of Upper GI and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck Medical Center of University of Southern California, 1510 San Pablo Street, HCC I, Suite 514, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Luke R Putnam
- Division of Upper GI and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck Medical Center of University of Southern California, 1510 San Pablo Street, HCC I, Suite 514, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Shea Gallagher
- Division of Upper GI and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck Medical Center of University of Southern California, 1510 San Pablo Street, HCC I, Suite 514, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Rushil Rawal
- California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, CA, USA
| | - Caitlin Houghton
- Division of Upper GI and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck Medical Center of University of Southern California, 1510 San Pablo Street, HCC I, Suite 514, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - John C Lipham
- Division of Upper GI and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck Medical Center of University of Southern California, 1510 San Pablo Street, HCC I, Suite 514, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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Song BB, Mandelbaum RS, Anderson ZS, Masjedi AD, Harris CA, Violette CJ, Ouzounian JG, Matsuo K, Paulson RJ. Pregnancy following assisted reproductive technology in morbidly obese patients: assessment of feto-maternal outcomes. J Assist Reprod Genet 2024; 41:903-914. [PMID: 38381390 PMCID: PMC11052942 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-024-03065-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine feto-maternal characteristics and outcomes of morbidly obese pregnant patients who conceived with assisted reproductive technology (ART). METHODS This cross-sectional study queried the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's National Inpatient Sample. Study population was 48,365 patients with ART pregnancy from January 2012 to September 2015, including non-obesity (n = 45,125, 93.3%), class I-II obesity (n = 2445, 5.1%), and class III obesity (n = 795, 1.6%). Severe maternal morbidity at delivery per the Centers for Disease and Control Prevention definition was assessed with multivariable binary logistic regression model. RESULTS Patients in the class III obesity group were more likely to have a hypertensive disorder (adjusted-odds ratio (aOR) 3.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.61-3.52), diabetes mellitus (aOR 3.08, 95%CI 2.64-3.60), large for gestational age neonate (aOR 3.57, 95%CI 2.77-4.60), and intrauterine fetal demise (aOR 2.03, 95%CI 1.05-3.94) compared to those in the non-obesity group. Increased risks of hypertensive disease (aOR 1.35, 95%CI 1.14-1.60) and diabetes mellitus (aOR 1.39, 95%CI 1.17-1.66) in the class III obesity group remained robust even compared to the class I-II obesity group. After controlling for priori selected clinical, pregnancy, and delivery factors, patients with class III obesity were 70% more likely to have severe maternal morbidity at delivery compared to non-obese patients (8.2% vs 4.4%, aOR 1.70, 95%CI 1.30-2.22) whereas those with class I-II obesity were not (4.1% vs 4.4%, aOR 0.87, 95%CI 0.70-1.08). CONCLUSIONS The results of this national-level analysis in the United States suggested that morbidly obese pregnant patients conceived with ART have increased risks of adverse fetal and maternal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie B Song
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, 2020 Zonal Avenue, IRD520, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Rachel S Mandelbaum
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zachary S Anderson
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, 2020 Zonal Avenue, IRD520, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Aaron D Masjedi
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, 2020 Zonal Avenue, IRD520, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Chelsey A Harris
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, 2020 Zonal Avenue, IRD520, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Caroline J Violette
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, 2020 Zonal Avenue, IRD520, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Joseph G Ouzounian
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Koji Matsuo
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, 2020 Zonal Avenue, IRD520, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Richard J Paulson
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Femino JD, Barnes SR, Nelson SC, Zuckerman LM. Clinical compatibility of magnetic resonance imaging with magnetic intramedullary nails: a feasibility study. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2024; 144:1503-1509. [PMID: 38353685 PMCID: PMC10965604 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-024-05210-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a magnetic intramedullary lengthening nail in place is contraindicated per the manufacturer due to the concern of implant activation and migration. A prior in vitro study did not confirm these complications only noting that a 3.0 T MRI weakened the internal magnet. Therefore, a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent an MRI with a magnetic nail in place was performed to determine if any adverse effects occurred in the clinical setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review of all patients who underwent an MRI with a magnetic lengthening nail in place was performed. The time spent being imaged in the MRI, number of times the patient entered the MRI suite, and the images obtained were recorded. Radiographs were performed before and after the MRI to determine if any hardware complications occurred. The patients were monitored for any adverse symptoms while they were in the suite. RESULTS A total of 12 patients with 13 nails were identified. Two patients underwent imaging with a 3.0 T MRI while the remaining 10 underwent imaging with a 1.5 T MRI. Each patient entered the MRI suite 2.1 times and spent an average of 84.7 min being imaged in the MRI (range 21-494). No patients noted any adverse symptoms related to the nail while in the suite and no hardware complications were identified. CONCLUSION MRI appears to be safe with a magnetic nail in place and did not result in any complications. Given the manufacturer's recommendations, informed consent should be obtained prior to an MRI being performed and a 3.0 T MRI should be avoided when possible if further activation of the nail is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Femino
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 1520 San Pablo St., Suite 2000, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Samuel R Barnes
- Department of Radiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Scott C Nelson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Lee M Zuckerman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 1520 San Pablo St., Suite 2000, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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Hassankhani A, Amoukhteh M, Jannatdoust P, Valizadeh P, Ghadimi DJ, Vasavada PS, Johnston JH, Gholamrezanezhad A. A meta-analysis on the diagnostic utility of ultrasound in pediatric distal forearm fractures. Emerg Radiol 2024; 31:213-228. [PMID: 38311698 PMCID: PMC10994871 DOI: 10.1007/s10140-024-02208-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Pediatric distal forearm fractures, comprising 30% of musculoskeletal injuries in children, are conventionally diagnosed using radiography. Ultrasound has emerged as a safer diagnostic tool, eliminating ionizing radiation, enabling bedside examinations with real-time imaging, and proving effective in non-hospital settings. The objective of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of ultrasound for detecting distal forearm fractures in the pediatric population. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted through a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases until October 1, 2023, following established guidelines. Eligible studies, reporting diagnostic accuracy measures of ultrasound in pediatric patients with distal forearm fractures, were included. Relevant data elements were extracted, and data analysis was performed. The analysis included 14 studies with 1377 patients, revealing pooled sensitivity and specificity of 94.5 (95% CI 92.7-95.9) and 93.5 (95% CI 89.6-96.0), respectively. Considering pre-test probabilities of 25%, 50%, and 75% for pediatric distal forearm fractures, positive post-test probabilities were 83%, 44%, and 98%, while negative post-test probabilities were 2%, 6%, and 15%, respectively. The bivariate model indicated significantly higher diagnostic accuracy in the subgroup with trained ultrasound performers vs. untrained performers (p = 0.03). Furthermore, diagnostic accuracy was significantly higher in the subgroup examining radius fractures vs. ulna fractures (p < 0.001), while no significant differences were observed between 4-view and 6-view ultrasound subgroups or between radiologist ultrasound interpreters and non-radiologist interpreters. This study highlighted ultrasound's reliability in detecting pediatric distal forearm fractures, emphasizing the crucial role of expertise in precisely confirming fractures through ultrasound examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hassankhani
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), 1441 Eastlake Ave Ste 2315, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Melika Amoukhteh
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), 1441 Eastlake Ave Ste 2315, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Payam Jannatdoust
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parya Valizadeh
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Delaram J Ghadimi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pauravi S Vasavada
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jennifer H Johnston
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ali Gholamrezanezhad
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), 1441 Eastlake Ave Ste 2315, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
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16
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Tamai R, Dawit L, Lee P, Simmons OL, Ding L, Yuan L. The Association of Metabolic Risk Factors with Advanced Adenomas in Hispanic Patients. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:1403-1410. [PMID: 38363522 PMCID: PMC11026227 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-024-08323-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) have been implicated as rising risk factors for the development of colorectal cancers. A rapid increase in the prevalence of obesity and severe obesity among Hispanic patients in the United States may present substantially increased risk for advanced colorectal neoplasia in this population. Currently, there is very little research in this area. AIMS We sought to identify metabolic risk factors for advanced adenomas (AA) in Hispanic Americans. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed data from the Los Angeles General (LAG) Medical Center of asymptomatic Hispanic patients above 45 years of age who underwent their first colonoscopies following a positive screening FBT. Patient demographics, metabolic characteristics, as well as colon polyp size and histology were recorded. Polyps were classified as adenomas or AA (including both high-risk adenomas and high-risk serrated polyps). Relative risk for AA was assessed by multivariate logistical regression analyses. RESULTS Of the 672 patients in our study, 41.4% were male, 67% had adenomas, and 16% had AA. The mean BMI was 31.2 kg/m2. The mean HDL-C was 49.5 mg/dL (1.28 mmol/L) and the mean triglyceride level was 151 mg/dL. 44.6% had diabetes and 64.1% had hypertension. When comparing patients with AA to patients with no adenoma, male sex, BMI > 34.9 kg/m2, and elevated fasting triglyceride levels were associated with an increased risk of AA. FIB-4 ≥1.45 was also associated with an increased risk of AA in males. There was no significant difference in the risk of AA with diabetes, hypertension, FIB-4 score, LDL-C level, and HDL-C level. CONCLUSIONS Hispanic patients with a positive FBT were observed to have a high incidence of AA. Class II obesity (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2), elevated triglyceride levels were identified as risk factors among males in our study. Early interventions to address these modifiable risk factors in at-risk populations, such as multi-disciplinary weight management programs for the treatment of obesity and related co-morbidities, could potentially lead to risk reduction and CRC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Tamai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, HCC 261 1510 San Pablo Street, Health Sciences Campus, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Lillian Dawit
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, HCC 261 1510 San Pablo Street, Health Sciences Campus, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Patrick Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, HCC 261 1510 San Pablo Street, Health Sciences Campus, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Okeefe L Simmons
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, HCC 261 1510 San Pablo Street, Health Sciences Campus, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Preventative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Liyun Yuan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, HCC 261 1510 San Pablo Street, Health Sciences Campus, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
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Fathi M, Mirjafari A, Yaghoobpoor S, Ghanikolahloo M, Sadeghi Z, Bahrami A, Myers L, Gholamrezanezhad A. Diagnostic utility of whole-body computed tomography/pan-scan in trauma: a systematic review and meta-analysis study. Emerg Radiol 2024; 31:251-268. [PMID: 38396199 PMCID: PMC10995012 DOI: 10.1007/s10140-024-02213-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Trauma is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity. It is crucial to diagnose trauma patients quickly to provide effective treatment interventions in such conditions. Whole-body computed tomography (WBCT)/pan-scan is an imaging technique that enables a faster and more efficient diagnosis for polytrauma patients. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the efficacy of WBCT in diagnosing injuries in polytrauma patients. We will also assess its impact on the mortality rate and length of hospital stay among trauma centers between patients who underwent WBCT and those who did not (non-WBCT). Twenty-seven studies meeting our inclusion criteria were selected among PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The criteria were centered on the significance of WBCT/pan-scan application in trauma patients. Stata version 15 was used to perform statistical analysis on the data. The authors have also used I2 statistics to evaluate heterogeneity. Egger and Begg's tests were performed to rule out any publication bias. Total of twenty-seven studies including 68,838 trauma patients with a mean age of 45.0 ± 24.7 years were selected. Motor vehicle collisions were the most common cause of blunt injuries (80.0%). Head, neck, and face injuries were diagnosed in 44% (95% CI, 0.28-0.60; I2 = 99.8%), 6% (95% CI, 0.02-0.09; I2 = 97.2%), and 9% (95% CI, 0.05-0.13; I2 = 97.1%), respectively. Chest injuries were diagnosed by WBCT in 39% (95% CI, 0.28-0.51; I2 = 99.8%), abdominal injuries in 23% (95% CI, 0.03-0.43; I2 = 99.9%) of cases, spinal injuries 19% (95% CI, 0.11-0.27; I2 = 99.4%), extremity injuries 33% (95% CI, 0.23-0.43; I2 = 99.2%), and pelvic injuries 11% (95% CI, 0.04-0.18; I2 = 97.4%). A mortality odd ratio of 0.94 (95% CI, 0.83-1.06; I2 = 40.1%) was calculated while comparing WBCT and non-WBCT groups. This systematic review and meta-analysis provide insight into the possible safety, efficacy, and efficiency of WBCT/pan-scan as a diagnostic tool for trauma patients with serious injuries, regardless of their hemodynamic status. In patients with serious injuries from trauma, whether or not there are indicators of hemodynamic instability, our recommended approach is to, wherever possible, perform a WBCT without stopping the hemostatic resuscitation. By using this technology, the optimal surgical strategy for these patients can be decided upon without causing any delays in their final care or greatly raising their radiation dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobina Fathi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arshia Mirjafari
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shirin Yaghoobpoor
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zohre Sadeghi
- Department of Radiology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashkan Bahrami
- Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran
| | - Lee Myers
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ali Gholamrezanezhad
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, USA.
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18
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Bartlett JA, Kohli R. Hepatic Encephalopathy in Children. Indian J Pediatr 2024; 91:280-285. [PMID: 37310582 PMCID: PMC10867031 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-023-04679-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy, characterized by mental status changes and neuropsychiatric impairment, is associated with chronic liver disease as well as acute liver failure. In children, its clinical manifestations can be challenging to pinpoint. However, careful assessment for the development of hepatic encephalopathy is imperative when caring for these patients as progression of symptoms can indicate impending cerebral edema and systemic deterioration. Hepatic encephalopathy can present with hyperammonemia, but it is important to note that the degree of hyperammonemia is not indicative of severity of clinical manifestations. Newer forms of assessment are undergoing further research, and include imaging, EEG and neurobiomarkers. Mainstay of treatment currently includes management of underlying cause of liver disease, as well as reduction of hyperammonemia with either enteral medications such as lactulose and rifaximin, or even with extracorporeal liver support modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Ascher Bartlett
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS 78, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA.
| | - Rohit Kohli
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS 78, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
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Bogumil D, Stram D, Preston DL, Pandol SJ, Wu AH, McKean-Cowdin R, Conti DV, Setiawan VW. Excess pancreatic cancer risk due to smoking and modifying effect of quitting smoking: The Multiethnic Cohort Study. Cancer Causes Control 2024; 35:541-548. [PMID: 37924460 PMCID: PMC10838846 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-023-01811-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Risk factors for pancreatic cancer include racial/ethnic disparities and smoking. However, risk trajectories by smoking history and race/ethnicity are unknown. We examined the association of smoking with pancreatic cancer by race/ethnicity to generate age-specific incidence estimates by smoking history. METHODS We modeled pancreatic cancer incidence by race/ethnicity, age, pack-years, and years-quit using an excess relative risk model for 182,011 Multiethnic Cohort participants. We tested heterogeneity of smoking variables and pancreatic cancer by race/ethnicity and predicted incidence by smoking history. RESULTS We identified 1,831 incident pancreatic cancer cases over an average 19.3 years of follow-up. Associations of pack-years (p interaction by race/ethnicity = 0.41) and years-quit (p interaction = 0.83) with pancreatic cancer did not differ by race/ethnicity. Fifty pack-years smoked was associated with 91% increased risk (95% CI 54%, 127%) relative to never smokers in the combined sample. Every year quit corresponded to 9% decreased excess risk (95% CI 2%, 15%) from pack-years smoked. Differences in baseline pancreatic cancer risk across racial/ethnic groups (p < 0.001) translated to large differences in risk for smokers at older ages across racial/ethnic groups (65-122 cases per 100,000 at age 70). CONCLUSION Smoking pack-years were positively associated with elevated pancreatic cancer risk. Predicted risk trajectories showed a high impact of smoking cessation at < 65 years. Although we did not identify significant heterogeneity in the association of pack-years or years quit with pancreatic cancer risk, current smoker risk varied greatly by race/ethnicity in later life due to large differences in baseline risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bogumil
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1450 Biggy Street, Room 1517C, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA.
| | - Daniel Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1450 Biggy Street, Room 1517C, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | | | - Stephen J Pandol
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1450 Biggy Street, Room 1517C, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Roberta McKean-Cowdin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1450 Biggy Street, Room 1517C, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - David V Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1450 Biggy Street, Room 1517C, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Veronica Wendy Setiawan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1450 Biggy Street, Room 1517C, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Yoon PS, Navarro S, Barzi A, Ochoa-Dominguez CY, Arizpe A, Farias AJ. Racial and ethnic disparities in self-reported general and mental health status among colorectal cancer survivors: impact of sociodemographic factors and implications for mortality-a SEER-CAHPS study. Qual Life Res 2024; 33:793-804. [PMID: 38153617 PMCID: PMC10894139 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-023-03566-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patient-reported outcomes are recognized as strong predictors of cancer prognosis. This study examines racial and ethnic differences in self-reported general health status (GHS) and mental health status (MHS) among patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS A retrospective analysis of Medicare beneficiaries between 1998 and 2011 with non-distant CRC who underwent curative resection and completed a Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) survey within 6-36 months of CRC diagnosis. Analysis included a stepwise logistic regression to examine the relationship between race and ethnicity and fair or poor health status, and a proportional hazards model to determine the mortality risk associated with fair or poor health status. RESULTS Of 1867 patients, Non-Hispanic Black (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.06-2.28) and Hispanic (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.04-2.11) patients had higher unadjusted odds for fair or poor GHS compared to Non-Hispanic White patients, also Hispanic patients had higher unadjusted odds for fair or poor MHS (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.23-3.01). These relationships persisted after adjusting for clinical factors but were attenuated after subsequently adjusting for sociodemographic factors. Compared to those reporting good to excellent health status, patients reporting fair or poor GHS or MHS had an increased mortality risk (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.31-1.76 and OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.34-1.99, respectively). CONCLUSION Racial and ethnic differences in GHS and MHS reported after CRC diagnosis are mainly driven by sociodemographic factors and reflect a higher risk of mortality. Identifying unmet biopsychosocial needs is necessary to promote equitable care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Yoon
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie Navarro
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Afsaneh Barzi
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Carol Y Ochoa-Dominguez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Angel Arizpe
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Albert J Farias
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- The Gehr Family Center for Health System Science, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, 2001 N. Soto St., Suite 318B, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
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21
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Sadlik G, Anderson RC, Lei X, Cen SY, Duddalwar VA, Fong TL. Pseudocirrhosis: A Case Series with Clinical and Radiographic Correlation and Review of the Literature. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:1004-1014. [PMID: 38175453 PMCID: PMC10960760 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-08226-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Pseudocirrhosis is a poorly understood acquired morphologic change of the liver that occurs in the setting of metastatic malignancy and radiographically resembles cirrhosis. Pseudocirrhosis has been primarily described in metastatic breast carcinoma, with few case reports arising from other primary malignancies. We present 29 cases of pseudocirrhosis, including several cases from primary malignancies not previously described. METHODS Radiologic, clinical, demographic, and biomedical data were collected retrospectively and analyzed. We compared clinical and radiologic characteristics and outcomes between patients with pseudocirrhosis arising in metastatic breast cancer and non-breast primary malignancies. RESULTS Among the 29 patients, 14 had breast cancer and 15 had non-breast primaries including previously never reported primaries associated with pseudocirrhosis, melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, appendiceal carcinoid, and cholangiocarcinoma. Median time from cancer diagnosis to development of pseudocirrhosis was 80.8 months for patients with primary breast cancer and 29.8 months for non-breast primary (p = 0.02). Among all patients, 15 (52%) had radiographic features of portal hypertension. Radiographic evidence of portal hypertension was identified in 28.6% of breast cancer patients, compared to 73.3% of those with non-breast malignancies (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION Pseudocirrhosis has most commonly been described in the setting of metastatic breast cancer but occurs in any metastatic disease to the liver. Our study suggests that portal hypertensive complications are more common in the setting of non-breast primary cancers than in metastatic breast cancer. Prior exposure to multiple chemotherapeutic agents, and agents known to cause sinusoidal injury, is a common feature but not essential for the development of pseudocirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Sadlik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Los Angeles County-University of Southern California Medical Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Redmond-Craig Anderson
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiaomeng Lei
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven Yong Cen
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vinay A Duddalwar
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tse-Ling Fong
- Liver Program, Hoag Digestive Health Institute, Hoag Memorial Hospital Presbyterian, Newport Beach, CA, USA.
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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22
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Lakatos PP, Rodas NV, Matic T, Williams ME, Samora LL, Carson MC. Providing Continuity in Infant Mental Health Services for Medically Fragile Infants and Their Families. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2024; 31:5-18. [PMID: 37000305 PMCID: PMC10924710 DOI: 10.1007/s10880-023-09957-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Having a baby who is prenatally or postnatally diagnosed with a medical condition places considerable stress on the parents, infants, and their developing relationship. Infant mental health (IMH) services offer an opportunity to address the challenges and support the parent-infant relationship. The present study outlined a continuum of care IMH program embedded within various medical settings of a large metropolitan children's hospital. Applications of IMH principles within the fetal care center, neonatal intensive care unit, high risk infant follow-up clinic, and the patient's home are described. Descriptive data about families served across settings and a case study are provided in order to illustrate the implementation of this unique IMH intervention model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia P Lakatos
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California University Center for Excellence in Developmental Disabilities, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS#53, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA.
| | - Naomi V Rodas
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California University Center for Excellence in Developmental Disabilities, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS#53, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Tamara Matic
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California University Center for Excellence in Developmental Disabilities, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS#53, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Marian E Williams
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California University Center for Excellence in Developmental Disabilities, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS#53, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Laura L Samora
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California University Center for Excellence in Developmental Disabilities, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS#53, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Melissa C Carson
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California University Center for Excellence in Developmental Disabilities, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS#53, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
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23
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Mikkelsen P, Andersen A, Shih HJS, Rowley KM, Kulig K. Flexor hallucis longus tendon morphology in dancers clinically diagnosed with tendinopathy. J Ultrasound 2024; 27:41-49. [PMID: 37356071 PMCID: PMC10908900 DOI: 10.1007/s40477-023-00793-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The unique demands of dance technique make dancers more prone to certain pathologies especially of the foot and ankle. Flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendinopathy, colloquially known as "dancer's tendinopathy," is common in dancers and not well studied. The purpose of this study was to assess if morphological alterations in tendon structure occur as an adaptive response to dance activity by comparing the FHL tendon in dancers to non-dancers, and if pathology further alters tendon morphology in dancers clinically diagnosed with tendinopathy. METHODS Three groups of ten participants were recruited (healthy non-dancers, healthy dancers, and dancers with FHL tendinopathy). Ultrasound images of the FHL tendons were analyzed for macromorphology by measuring the tendon thickness. The micromorphology was analyzed by determining the peak spatial frequency radius of the tendon. Our study did find increased tendon proper and composite tendon thickness in dancers with tendinopathy but no difference between asymptomatic dancers and non-dancers. RESULTS There was no significant difference in micromorphology found between any of the groups. As expected, dancers with tendinopathy demonstrated increased composite tendon and tendon proper thickness however, there was no evidence of adaptive thickening of the FHL tendon as might be expected for the dance population. There was also no evidence of micromorphological changes in the presence of clinically diagnosed FHL tendinopathy. CONCLUSION Because of the limited normative data for this pathology, these results can help improve diagnosis and therefore treatment for dancers to decrease the impact of this injury on their careers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Mikkelsen
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, 1540 Alcazar St #155, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| | - Alyssa Andersen
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, 1540 Alcazar St #155, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Hai-Jung Steffi Shih
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, 1540 Alcazar St #155, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - K Michael Rowley
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, 1540 Alcazar St #155, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Kinesiology Department, California State University East Bay, Hayward, CA, USA
| | - Kornelia Kulig
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, 1540 Alcazar St #155, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
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24
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Semenya J, Yang Y, Picazo E. Cross-Electrophile Coupling of Benzyl Halides and Disulfides Catalyzed by Iron. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4903-4912. [PMID: 38346333 PMCID: PMC10910570 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Cross-electrophile couplings are influential reactions that typically require a terminal reductant or photoredox conditions. We discovered an iron-catalyzed reaction that couples benzyl halides with disulfides to yield thioether products in the absence of a terminal reductant and under photoredox conditions. The disclosed platform proceeds without sulfur-induced catalyst poisoning or the use of an exogenous base, supporting a broad scope and circumventing undesired elimination pathways. We applied the developed chemistry in a new mode of disulfide bioconjugation, drug synthesis, gram-scale synthesis, and product derivatization. Lastly, we performed mechanistic experiments to better understand the stereoablative reaction between two electrophiles. Disulfides and benzylic thioethers are imperative for biological and pharmaceutical applications but remain severely understudied in comparison to their ethereal and amino counterparts. Hence, we expect this platform of iron catalysis and the downstream applications to be of interest to the greater scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Semenya
- Department of Chemistry, Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of
Southern California, 837 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| | - Yuanjie Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of
Southern California, 837 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| | - Elias Picazo
- Department of Chemistry, Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of
Southern California, 837 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
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25
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van Strien J, Makurat M, Zeng Y, Olsthoorn R, Schneider GF, Slütter B, MacKay JA, Jiskoot W, Kros A. Noncovalent Conjugation of OVA323 to ELP Micelles Increases Immune Response. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:1027-1037. [PMID: 38166400 PMCID: PMC10865353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Subunit vaccines would benefit from a safe particle-based adjuvant. Elastin-like polypeptide (ELP)-based micelles are interesting candidate adjuvants due to their well-defined size and easy modification with protein-based cargo. Coiled coils can facilitate noncovalent modifications, while potentially enhancing antigen delivery through interaction with cell membranes. ELP micelles comprise ELP diblock copolymers that self-assemble above a critical micelle temperature. In this study, an amphiphilic ELP was conjugated to peptide "K", which forms a heterodimeric coiled-coil complex with peptide "E". Self-assembled "covalent" micelles containing ELP-OVA323 (i.e., model antigen OVA323 conjugated to ELP), "coiled-coil" micelles containing ELP-K/E-OVA323 and "hybrid" micelles containing ELP-K and ELP-OVA323 were shown to be monodisperse and spherical. Dendritic cells (DCs) were exposed to all micelle compositions, and T-cell proliferation was investigated. The presence of ELP-K enhanced micelle uptake and subsequent DC maturation, resulting in enhanced CD4+ T-cell proliferation, which makes ELPs with coiled coil-associated antigens a promising vaccine platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolinde van Strien
- Department
of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of
Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Max Makurat
- Department
of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of
Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ye Zeng
- Department
of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of
Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - René Olsthoorn
- Department
of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of
Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gregory F. Schneider
- Department
of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of
Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bram Slütter
- Department
of BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J. Andrew MacKay
- Department
of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alfred E. Mann School
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90089-9121, United States
| | - Wim Jiskoot
- Department
of BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Kros
- Department
of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of
Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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26
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Song M, Engels EA, Clarke MA, Kreimer AR, Shiels MS. Autoimmune disease and the risk of anal cancer in the US population aged 66 years and over. J Natl Cancer Inst 2024; 116:309-315. [PMID: 37701981 PMCID: PMC10852610 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djad187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the United States, anal squamous cell carcinoma rates have increased rapidly, particularly among women 50 or older than 66 years of age. As immunosuppression is associated with increased risk, autoimmune conditions may be associated with greater risk of anal squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS We conducted a population-based, case-control study using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare data (2000-2017). Anal squamous cell carcinoma cases (n = 4505) were matched to 200 000 cancer-free controls. Using multivariable logistic regression, we calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between 47 autoimmune conditions diagnosed before selection, identified using Medicare claims, and anal squamous cell carcinoma. The Bonferroni threshold was used to correct for multiple comparisons. Population attributable fractions were calculated for conditions nominally associated with anal squamous cell carcinoma. RESULTS In total, 18% of anal squamous cell carcinoma cases and 15% of cancer-free controls had a diagnosed autoimmune condition. Any autoimmune condition was associated with an increased risk of anal squamous cell carcinoma (OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.21; population attributable fraction = 1.8%). Anal squamous cell carcinoma was associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.32 to 2.42; population attributable fraction = 0.4%) and nominally associated (P < .05) with sarcoidosis (OR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.30 to 3.37; population-attributable fraction = 0.2%) and psoriasis (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.06 to 1.56; population attributable fraction = 0.5%). Stratified by sex, only women showed statistically significant associations for systemic lupus erythematosus (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.46 to 2.68). Statistically significant interaction was observed by sex for psoriasis (men vs women: OR = 1.68 [95% CI = 1.03 to 4.28] vs OR = 1.12 [95% CI = 0.88 to 1.43]) and polymyalgia rheumatica (OR = 0.33 [95% CI = 0.12 to 0.89] vs OR = 0.99 [95% CI = 0.75 to 1.30]). CONCLUSION Systemic lupus erythematosus, sarcoidosis, and psoriasis were associated with a moderately increased risk of anal squamous cell carcinoma. Given these conditions' rarity and moderate associations with anal squamous cell carcinoma, autoimmune diseases cannot explain the rising trend in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyo Song
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eric A Engels
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Megan A Clarke
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aimée R Kreimer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Meredith S Shiels
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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27
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Moen EL, Schmidt RO, Onega T, Brooks GA, O’Malley AJ. Association between a network-based physician linchpin score and cancer patient mortality: a SEER-Medicare analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2024; 116:230-238. [PMID: 37676831 PMCID: PMC10852616 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djad180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with cancer frequently require multidisciplinary teams for optimal cancer outcomes. Network analysis can capture relationships among cancer specialists, and we developed a novel physician linchpin score to characterize "linchpin" physicians whose peers have fewer ties to other physicians of the same oncologic specialty. Our study examined whether being treated by a linchpin physician was associated with worse survival. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare data for patients diagnosed with stage I to III non-small cell lung cancer or colorectal cancer (CRC) in 2016-2017. We assembled patient-sharing networks and calculated linchpin scores for medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, and surgeons. Physicians were considered linchpins if their linchpin score was within the top 15% for their specialty. We used Cox proportional hazards models to examine associations between being treated by a linchpin physician and survival, with a 2-year follow-up period. RESULTS The study cohort included 10 081 patients with non-small cell lung cancer and 9036 patients with CRC. Patients with lung cancer treated by a linchpin radiation oncologist had a 17% (95% confidence interval = 1.04 to 1.32) greater hazard of mortality, and similar trends were observed for linchpin medical oncologists. Patients with CRC treated by a linchpin surgeon had a 22% (95% confidence interval = 1.03 to 1.43) greater hazard of mortality. CONCLUSIONS In an analysis of Medicare beneficiaries with nonmetastatic lung cancer or CRC, those treated by linchpin physicians often experienced worse survival. Efforts to improve outcomes can use network analysis to identify areas with reduced access to multidisciplinary specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika L Moen
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Rachel O Schmidt
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Tracy Onega
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Population Health Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Gabriel A Brooks
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - A James O’Malley
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
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28
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Garrett E, Ma C, Ochoa-Dominguez CY, Navarro S, Yoon P, Hughes Halbert C, Farias AJ. Black cancer patients navigating a health-care system of racial discrimination. J Natl Cancer Inst 2024; 116:258-263. [PMID: 37849350 PMCID: PMC10852748 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djad208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to racial discrimination may exacerbate disparities throughout the cancer care continuum. Therefore, we explored how experiences of racial discrimination in the health-care setting manifest for Black cancer patients and how it contributes to racial disparities in cancer care. METHODS This qualitative analysis used semistructured in-depth interviews with Black cancer survivors not on active treatment from May 2019 to March 2020. All interviews were audio recorded, professionally transcribed, and uploaded into Dedoose software for analysis. We identified major themes and subthemes that highlight exposure to racial discrimination and its consequences for Black cancer patients when receiving cancer care. RESULTS Participants included 18 Black cancer survivors, aged 29-88 years. Most patients experienced racial discrimination when seeking care. Participants experienced racial discrimination from their interactions with health-care staff, medical assistants, front desk staff, and health insurance administrators. Exposure to overt racial discrimination in the health-care setting was rooted in racial stereotypes and manifested through verbal insults such as physicians using phrases such as "you people." These experiences impacted the ability of the health-care delivery system to demonstrate trustworthiness. Patients noted "walking out" of their visit and not having their health issues addressed. Despite experiences with racial discrimination, patients still sought care out of necessity believing it was an inevitable part of the Black individual experience. CONCLUSION We identified that exposure to racial discrimination in the health-care setting is pervasive, affects health-seeking behaviors, and degrades the patient-clinician relationship, which may likely contribute to racial disparities in cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elleyse Garrett
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cindy Ma
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carol Y Ochoa-Dominguez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie Navarro
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul Yoon
- Keck School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chanita Hughes Halbert
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of Southern California, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Albert J Farias
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of Southern California, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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29
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St-Onge F, Chapleau M, Breitner JCS, Villeneuve S, Pichet Binette A. Tau accumulation and its spatial progression across the Alzheimer's disease spectrum. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae031. [PMID: 38410618 PMCID: PMC10896475 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of tau abnormality in sporadic Alzheimer's disease is believed typically to follow neuropathologically defined Braak staging. Recent in-vivo PET evidence challenges this belief, however, as accumulation patterns for tau appear heterogeneous among individuals with varying clinical expressions of Alzheimer's disease. We, therefore, sought a better understanding of the spatial distribution of tau in the preclinical and clinical phases of sporadic Alzheimer's disease and its association with cognitive decline. Longitudinal tau-PET data (1370 scans) from 832 participants (463 cognitively unimpaired, 277 with mild cognitive impairment and 92 with Alzheimer's disease dementia) were obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Among these, we defined thresholds of abnormal tau deposition in 70 brain regions from the Desikan atlas, and for each group of regions characteristic of Braak staging. We summed each scan's number of regions with abnormal tau deposition to form a spatial extent index. We then examined patterns of tau pathology cross-sectionally and longitudinally and assessed their heterogeneity. Finally, we compared our spatial extent index of tau uptake with a temporal meta-region of interest-a commonly used proxy of tau burden-assessing their association with cognitive scores and clinical progression. More than 80% of amyloid-beta positive participants across diagnostic groups followed typical Braak staging, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Within each Braak stage, however, the pattern of abnormality demonstrated significant heterogeneity such that the overlap of abnormal regions across participants averaged less than 50%, particularly in persons with mild cognitive impairment. Accumulation of tau progressed more rapidly among cognitively unimpaired and participants with mild cognitive impairment (1.2 newly abnormal regions per year) compared to participants with Alzheimer's disease dementia (less than 1 newly abnormal region per year). Comparing the association of tau pathology and cognitive performance our spatial extent index was superior to the temporal meta-region of interest for identifying associations with memory in cognitively unimpaired individuals and explained more variance for measures of executive function in patients with mild cognitive impairments and Alzheimer's disease dementia. Thus, while participants broadly followed Braak stages, significant individual regional heterogeneity of tau binding was observed at each clinical stage. Progression of the spatial extent of tau pathology appears to be fastest in cognitively unimpaired and persons with mild cognitive impairment. Exploring the spatial distribution of tau deposits throughout the entire brain may uncover further pathological variations and their correlation with cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric St-Onge
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Research Center of the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Marianne Chapleau
- Faculty of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - John C S Breitner
- Research Center of the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1Y2, Canada
| | - Sylvia Villeneuve
- Research Center of the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1Y2, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Alexa Pichet Binette
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö 205 02, Sweden
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30
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Grandjean P, Meddis A, Nielsen F, Beck IH, Bilenberg N, Goodman CV, Hu H, Till C, Budtz-Jørgensen E. Dose dependence of prenatal fluoride exposure associations with cognitive performance at school age in three prospective studies. Eur J Public Health 2024; 34:143-149. [PMID: 37798092 PMCID: PMC10843960 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckad170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluoride may be a developmental neurotoxicant at elevated exposures. We merged new data from a prospective Odense Child Cohort (OCC) with results from two previous birth cohort studies from Mexico and Canada to characterize the dose-effect relationship in greater detail. METHODS The OCC contributed 837 mother-child pairs to the total of >1500. We measured creatinine-adjusted urine-fluoride concentrations in maternal urine samples obtained during late pregnancy. Child IQ was determined at age 7 years using an abbreviated version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children. Findings from the three cohorts were used to calculate the joint benchmark concentration (BMC) and the lower confidence limit (BMCL) after adjustment for covariables. RESULTS In the OCC, urine-fluoride concentrations varied between 0.08 and 3.04 mg/l (median 0.52 mg/l) but were not significantly associated with full-scale IQ at age 7 years (β = 0.08; 95% confidence interval -1.14 to 1.30 for a doubling in exposure). No difference was apparent between boys and girls. In the OCC, the BMC was 0.92 mg/l, with a BMCL of 0.30 mg/l. The joint analysis of all three cohorts showed a statistically significant association between urine-fluoride and IQ, with a BMC of 0.45 mg/l (BMCL, 0.28 mg/l), slightly higher than the BMC previously reported for the two North American cohorts alone. CONCLUSIONS As the BMCL reflects an approximate threshold for developmental neurotoxicity, the results suggest that pregnant women and children may need protection against fluoride toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Grandjean
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Flemming Nielsen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Iben H Beck
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Bilenberg
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Carly V Goodman
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Howard Hu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christine Till
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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31
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Arizpe A, Navarro S, Ochoa-Dominguez CY, Rodriguez C, Kim SE, Farias AJ. Nativity differences in socioeconomic barriers and healthcare delays among cancer survivors in the All of Us cohort. Cancer Causes Control 2024; 35:203-214. [PMID: 37679534 PMCID: PMC10787892 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-023-01782-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to assess whether nativity differences in socioeconomic (SES) barriers and health literacy were associated with healthcare delays among US cancer survivors. METHODS "All of Us" survey data were analyzed among adult participants ever diagnosed with cancer. A binary measure of healthcare delay (1+ delays versus no delays) was created. Health literacy was assessed using the Brief Health Literacy Screen. A composite measure of SES barriers (education, employment, housing, income, and insurance statuses) was created as 0, 1, 2, or 3+. Multivariable logistic regression model tested the associations of (1) SES barriers and health literacy with healthcare delays, and (2) whether nativity modified this relationship. RESULTS Median participant age was 64 years (n = 10,020), with 8% foreign-born and 18% ethnic minorities. Compared to survivors with no SES barriers, those with 3+ had higher likelihood of experiencing healthcare delays (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.84, 2.58). For every additional barrier, the odds of healthcare delays were greater among foreign-born (1.72, 1.43, 2.08) than US-born (1.27, 1.21, 1.34). For every 1-unit increase in health literacy among US-born, the odds of healthcare delay decreased by 9% (0.91, 0.89, 0.94). CONCLUSION We found that SES barriers to healthcare delays have a greater impact among foreign-born than US-born cancer survivors. Higher health literacy may mitigate healthcare delays among US cancer survivors. Healthcare providers, systems and policymakers should assess and address social determinants of health and promote health literacy as a way to minimize healthcare delays among both foreign- and US-born cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Arizpe
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto St., Suite 318B, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Stephanie Navarro
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto St., Suite 318B, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | | | | | - Sue E Kim
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto St., Suite 318B, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Albert J Farias
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto St., Suite 318B, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
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Schneider S, Junghaenel DU, Smyth JM, Fred Wen CK, Stone AA. Just-in-time adaptive ecological momentary assessment (JITA-EMA). Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:765-783. [PMID: 36840916 PMCID: PMC10450096 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-023-02083-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Interest in just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAI) has rapidly increased in recent years. One core challenge for JITAI is the efficient and precise measurement of tailoring variables that are used to inform the timing of momentary intervention delivery. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is often used for this purpose, even though EMA in its traditional form was not designed specifically to facilitate momentary interventions. In this article, we introduce just-in-time adaptive EMA (JITA-EMA) as a strategy to reduce participant response burden and decrease measurement error when EMA is used as a tailoring variable in JITAI. JITA-EMA builds on computerized adaptive testing methods developed for purposes of classification (computerized classification testing, CCT), and applies them to the classification of momentary states within individuals. The goal of JITA-EMA is to administer a small and informative selection of EMA questions needed to accurately classify an individual's current state at each measurement occasion. After illustrating the basic components of JITA-EMA (adaptively choosing the initial and subsequent items to administer, adaptively stopping item administration, accommodating dynamically tailored classification cutoffs), we present two simulation studies that explored the performance of JITA-EMA, using the example of momentary fatigue states. Compared with conventional EMA item selection methods that administered a fixed set of questions at each moment, JITA-EMA yielded more accurate momentary classification with fewer questions administered. Our results suggest that JITA-EMA has the potential to enhance some approaches to mobile health interventions by facilitating efficient and precise identification of momentary states that may inform intervention tailoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schneider
- Dornsife Center for Self-Report Science & Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, 635 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-3332, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Doerte U Junghaenel
- Dornsife Center for Self-Report Science & Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, 635 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-3332, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joshua M Smyth
- Biobehavioral Health and Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Cheng K Fred Wen
- Dornsife Center for Self-Report Science & Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, 635 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-3332, USA
| | - Arthur A Stone
- Dornsife Center for Self-Report Science & Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, 635 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-3332, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Aron A, Zavaleta C. Current and Developing Lymphatic Imaging Approaches for Elucidation of Functional Mechanisms and Disease Progression. Mol Imaging Biol 2024; 26:1-16. [PMID: 37195396 PMCID: PMC10827820 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-023-01827-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Study of the lymphatic system, compared to that of the other body systems, has been historically neglected. While scientists and clinicians have, in recent decades, gained a better appreciation of the functionality of the lymphatics as well as their role in associated diseases (and consequently investigated these topics further in their experimental work), there is still much left to be understood of the lymphatic system. In this review article, we discuss the role lymphatic imaging techniques have played in this recent series of advancements and how new imaging techniques can help bolster this wave of discovery. We specifically highlight the use of lymphatic imaging techniques in understanding the fundamental anatomy and physiology of the lymphatic system; investigating the development of lymphatic vasculature (using techniques such as intravital microscopy); diagnosing, staging, and treating lymphedema and cancer; and its role in other disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Aron
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, 1002 Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Cristina Zavaleta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
- Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, 1002 Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
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Donahue EK, Foreman RP, Duran JJ, Jakowec MW, O'Neill J, Petkus AJ, Holschneider DP, Choupan J, Van Horn JD, Venkadesh S, Bayram E, Litvan I, Schiehser DM, Petzinger GM. Increased perivascular space volume in white matter and basal ganglia is associated with cognition in Parkinson's Disease. Brain Imaging Behav 2024; 18:57-65. [PMID: 37855955 PMCID: PMC10844402 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-023-00811-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Perivascular spaces (PVS), fluid-filled compartments surrounding brain vasculature, are an essential component of the glymphatic system responsible for transport of waste and nutrients. Glymphatic system impairment may underlie cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD). Studies have focused on the role of basal ganglia PVS with cognition in PD, but the role of white matter PVS is unknown. This study examined the relationship of white matter and basal ganglia PVS with domain-specific and global cognition in individuals with PD. Fifty individuals with PD underwent 3T T1w magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine PVS volume fraction, defined as PVS volume normalized to total regional volume, within (i) centrum semiovale, (ii) prefrontal white matter (medial orbitofrontal, rostral middle frontal, superior frontal), and (iii) basal ganglia. A neuropsychological battery included assessment of global cognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and global cognitive composite score), and cognitive-specific domains (executive function, memory, visuospatial function, attention, and language). Higher white matter rostral middle frontal PVS was associated with lower scores in both global cognitive and visuospatial function. In the basal ganglia higher PVS was associated with lower scores for memory with a trend towards lower global cognitive composite score. While previous reports have shown that greater amount of PVS in the basal ganglia is associated with decline in global cognition in PD, our findings suggest that increased white matter PVS volume may also underlie changes in cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Kaye Donahue
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1333 San Pablo St, MCA-243, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Ryan Patrick Foreman
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1333 San Pablo St, MCA-243, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Jared Joshua Duran
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1333 San Pablo St, MCA-243, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Michael Walter Jakowec
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1333 San Pablo St, MCA-243, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Joseph O'Neill
- Division of Child Psychiatry, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Andrew J Petkus
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1333 San Pablo St, MCA-243, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Daniel P Holschneider
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1333 San Pablo St, MCA-243, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Jeiran Choupan
- Laboratory of NeuroImaging, USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - John Darrell Van Horn
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
- School of Data Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Siva Venkadesh
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Ece Bayram
- Parkinson and Other Movement Disorder Center, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Irene Litvan
- Parkinson and Other Movement Disorder Center, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Dawn M Schiehser
- Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System (VASDHS), San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Giselle Maria Petzinger
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1333 San Pablo St, MCA-243, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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Corona K, Yang T, Dunton G, Toledo-Corral C, Grubbs B, Eckel SP, Johnston J, Chavez T, Lerner D, Lurvey N, Al-Marayati L, Habre R, Farzan SF, Breton CV, Bastain TM. The Role of Social Support and Acculturation Factors on Postpartum Mental Health Among Latinas in the MADRES Pregnancy Cohort. J Immigr Minor Health 2024; 26:72-80. [PMID: 37897652 PMCID: PMC10771371 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-023-01542-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
We examined the associations between social support and postpartum mental health in 137 U.S. and foreign-born Latinas in the MADRES pregnancy cohort. We also examined whether language, years in the U.S., and country of birth moderates these relationships. Participants were administered PROMIS support measures 1 month postpartum; the Perceived Stress and Postpartum Distress Measure 3, 6, and 12 months postpartum; and the CESD scale 12 months postpartum. Perceived stress was lower at 6 months postpartum for women reporting higher emotional (p = 0.01), informational (p = 0.03), and instrumental support (p < 0.001); and lower at 12 months postpartum for women reporting higher emotional support (p = 0.01). Distress at 6 months was lower in women reporting higher emotional support (p = 0.03). Interactions suggest that associations were stronger for mothers that speak Spanish, spent fewer years in the U.S., and were born in Central America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Corona
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Tingyu Yang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Genevieve Dunton
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Claudia Toledo-Corral
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Brendan Grubbs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jill Johnston
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Chavez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Laila Al-Marayati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rima Habre
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shohreh F Farzan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carrie V Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Theresa M Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Tian Y, Nayak KS. New clinical opportunities of low-field MRI: heart, lung, body, and musculoskeletal. MAGMA 2024; 37:1-14. [PMID: 37902898 PMCID: PMC10876830 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-023-01123-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Contemporary whole-body low-field MRI scanners (< 1 T) present new and exciting opportunities for improved body imaging. The fundamental reason is that the reduced off-resonance and reduced SAR provide substantially increased flexibility in the design of MRI pulse sequences. Promising body applications include lung parenchyma imaging, imaging adjacent to metallic implants, cardiac imaging, and dynamic imaging in general. The lower cost of such systems may make MRI favorable for screening high-risk populations and population health research, and the more open configurations allowed may prove favorable for obese subjects and for pregnant women. This article summarizes promising body applications for contemporary whole-body low-field MRI systems, with a focus on new platforms developed within the past 5 years. This is an active area of research, and one can expect many improvements as MRI physicists fully explore the landscape of pulse sequences that are feasible, and as clinicians apply these to patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, 3740 McClintock Ave, EEB 406, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-2564, USA.
| | - Krishna S Nayak
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, 3740 McClintock Ave, EEB 406, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-2564, USA
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37
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Su KY, Feldman BJ, Feldman CT, Saluja S, Coulourides Kogan AM, Cousineau MR. Behavioral Health Care Delivery Through Street Medicine Programs in California. Community Ment Health J 2024; 60:283-291. [PMID: 37526807 PMCID: PMC10822007 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-023-01169-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Mental health and substance use disorders are prevalent among people experiencing homelessness. Street Medicine can reach unhoused people who face barriers to accessing healthcare in more traditional medical settings including shelter-based clinics. However, there is little guidance on best practices for mental health and substance use treatment through Street Medicine. The aim of the study was to describe behavioral health care through Street Medicine by analyzing data from the California Street Medicine Landscape survey and follow-up qualitative interviews. Most street medicine programs utilize non-psychiatrists to diagnose and treat mental health and substance use disorders, though the capacity to provide the level of care needed varies. There is a lack of street-based psychiatric clinicians and programs have difficulty making referrals to mental health and addiction services. This report shows that Street Medicine could serve as a strategy to expand access to behavioral health care for the unhoused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Y Su
- Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | | | | | - Sonali Saluja
- Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Salamo RM, Miller J. Quick, Safe, Effective: Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Liver Biopsy in the Pediatric Patient. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2024; 47:87-91. [PMID: 38129337 PMCID: PMC10769957 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-023-03631-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Percutaneous liver biopsy has proven to be a valuable tool in the workup of pediatric acute liver failure and the management of post-transplant rejection. However, consensus regarding pre-procedure laboratory values and post-procedure monitoring is lacking. OBJECTIVE To characterize the incidence of complications, procedural time, and specimen adequacy for percutaneous liver biopsy in the pediatric patient. METHODS Retrospective review of percutaneous liver biopsies at a single institution was performed for a 5-year span. Procedural notes and anesthesia records were sampled for patient weight and procedural factors across a continuous 6-month period, as well as for the subgroup of patients under 24 months of age. A representative continuous subset of pathology reports comprising 376 patients were reviewed for estimation of specimen adequacy. RESULTS Eight hundred and sixty-seven ultrasound-guided percutaneous liver biopsies were performed in a 5-year period, 450 of which were in the post-transplant setting with about a 3:1 ratio of split: whole liver transplant. Patient ages ranged from 1 month to 21 years old, with weight ranging from 2.7 to 125 kg. Of the 376 pathology reports available, none were found to be inadequate for evaluation. Two major complications occurred, both of which were biliary leaks in the setting split-liver transplant. There were no incidences of post-procedure hemorrhage. Of the sample reviewed, mean "skin-to-skin" procedure time was under 8.5 min (median of 7 min). Solely among transplant patients, biopsies for split livers averaged 9.2 min, biopsies for whole livers averaged 6.2 min (two-tailed independent t test, p = 0.0426). CONCLUSION Ultrasound guided percutaneous liver biopsy is fast, useful, and safe in pediatric patients on an outpatient basis with same day discharge. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell M Salamo
- Department of Radiology, LAC+USC Medical Center, 2051 Marengo St., Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| | - Joseph Miller
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Stal J, Yi SY, Cohen-Cutler S, Gallagher P, Barzi A, Freyer DR, Kaslander JN, Anto-Ocrah M, Lenz HJ, Miller KA. Sexual dysfunction among early-onset colorectal cancer survivors: Sex-specific correlates of sexual health discussions between patients and providers. Cancer Causes Control 2024; 35:111-120. [PMID: 37597065 PMCID: PMC10764568 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-023-01772-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction (FSD), male erectile dysfunction (ED), and the prevalence and correlates of sexual health discussions between early-onset CRC survivors and their health care providers. METHODS An online, cross-sectional survey was administered in partnership with a national CRC advocacy organization. Respondents (n = 234; diagnosed < 50 years, 6-36 months from diagnosis/relapse) were colon (36.8%) and rectal (63.3%) cancer survivors (62.5% male). The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI-6) was used to measure FSD, and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) was used to measure ED. Survivors reported whether a doctor communicated with them about sexual issues during/after treatment. RESULTS Among females (n = 87), 81.6% had FSD (mean FSFI-6 score = 14.3 [SD±6.1]). Among males (n = 145), 94.5% had ED (mean IIEF-5 score = 13.6 [SD±3.4]). Overall, 59.4% of males and 45.4% of females reported a sexual health discussion. Among the total sample, older age of diagnosis and relapse were significantly associated with reporting a discussion, while female sex was negatively associated with reporting a sexual health discussion. Among males, older age at diagnosis and relapse, and among females, older age of diagnosis, were significantly associated with reporting a sexual health discussion. CONCLUSION The prevalence of FSD and ED were high (8 in 10 females reporting FSD, almost all males reporting ED), while reported rates of sexual health discussion were suboptimal (half reported discussion). Interventions to increase CRC provider awareness of patients at risk for not being counseled are needed to optimize long-term health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Stal
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, 3rd Floor, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
| | - Serena Y Yi
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, 3rd Floor, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Sally Cohen-Cutler
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Afsaneh Barzi
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - David R Freyer
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, 3rd Floor, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan N Kaslander
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, 3rd Floor, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Martina Anto-Ocrah
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- Division of Oncology, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kimberly A Miller
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, 3rd Floor, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Pedersen ER, DiGuiseppi G, D'Amico EJ, Rodriguez A, Tran DD, Jose R, Tucker JS. Predictors of Housing Trajectories Among Young Adults Experiencing Homelessness in Los Angeles. J Behav Health Serv Res 2024; 51:31-43. [PMID: 37803216 PMCID: PMC10733216 DOI: 10.1007/s11414-023-09863-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Experiencing homelessness during young adulthood is associated with negative health outcomes and understanding housing trajectories of young adults experiencing homelessness may aid in the development of evidence-based public health programs designed to serve this at-risk age group. In the present study, the authors examined baseline predictors of 24-month trajectories of housing stability and unsheltered housing among a sample of 271 young adults aged 18 to 25 recruited from drop-in centers in Los Angeles. In multivariate models, the authors found that identifying as multi-racial/other and better friendship quality at baseline were associated with less steep increases in the likelihood of stable housing over time. Being employed at baseline was associated with a less steep decrease in the probability of being unsheltered over time, while illicit drug use days associated with a steeper decrease in the probability of being unsheltered over time. Continued research is needed to establish important factors determining young adults' long-term housing trajectories in the effort to promote greater access and engagement with housing services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Pedersen
- Keck School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, Suite 2200, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| | - Graham DiGuiseppi
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- RAND Corporation, 4570 Fifth Ave #600, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Elizabeth J D'Amico
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, PO Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA, 90407, USA
| | | | - Denise D Tran
- Keck School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, Suite 2200, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Rupa Jose
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, PO Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA, 90407, USA
| | - Joan S Tucker
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, PO Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA, 90407, USA
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Oh H, Du J, Karcher NR, van der Ven E, DeVylder JE, Smith L, Koyanagi A. The separate and joint effects of recent interpersonal abuse and cannabis use on psychotic experiences: findings from students in higher education in the United States. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024; 59:77-85. [PMID: 37093229 PMCID: PMC10799783 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02483-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various forms of interpersonal abuse (e.g., physical, emotional, sexual) and cannabis use across the lifespan have both been known to increase odds of psychotic experiences; however, there have been few studies examining their separate and joint effects in the United States. METHODS We analyzed data from the Healthy Minds Study (2020-2021) and used multivariable logistic regression and interaction contrast ratios to assess separate and joint effects of interpersonal abuse (past 12 months) and cannabis use (past 30 days) on psychotic experiences (past 12 months). RESULTS Students who only used cannabis had significantly greater odds of psychotic experiences (aOR: 1.70; 95% CI 1.58-1.82), as well as those who only experienced interpersonal abuse (aOR: 2.40; 95% CI 2.25-2.56). However, those who reported both cannabis use and interpersonal abuse had the greatest odds, exceeding the sum of these individual effects (the combined effect aOR: 3.46; 95% CI 3.19-3.76). CONCLUSIONS Recent interpersonal abuse and recent cannabis use both separately and jointly increase odds of having recent psychotic experiences. Future research should continue to examine the potential interactive and additive impact of multiple known exposures to better inform primary and secondary prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Oh
- Suzanne Dworak Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - Jinyu Du
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, USA
| | - Nicole R Karcher
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Els van der Ven
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
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Dinh BL, Tang E, Taparra K, Nakatsuka N, Chen F, Chiang CWK. Recombination map tailored to Native Hawaiians may improve robustness of genomic scans for positive selection. Hum Genet 2024; 143:85-99. [PMID: 38157018 PMCID: PMC10794367 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-023-02625-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Recombination events establish the patterns of haplotypic structure in a population and estimates of recombination rates are used in several downstream population and statistical genetic analyses. Using suboptimal maps from distantly related populations may reduce the efficacy of genomic analyses, particularly for underrepresented populations such as the Native Hawaiians. To overcome this challenge, we constructed recombination maps using genome-wide array data from two study samples of Native Hawaiians: one reflecting the current admixed state of Native Hawaiians (NH map) and one based on individuals of enriched Polynesian ancestries (PNS map) with the potential to be used for less admixed Polynesian populations such as the Samoans. We found the recombination landscape to be less correlated with those from other continental populations (e.g. Spearman's rho = 0.79 between PNS and CEU (Utah residents with Northern and Western European ancestry) compared to 0.92 between YRI (Yoruba in Ibadan, Nigeria) and CEU at 50 kb resolution), likely driven by the unique demographic history of the Native Hawaiians. PNS also shared the fewest recombination hotspots with other populations (e.g. 8% of hotspots shared between PNS and CEU compared to 27% of hotspots shared between YRI and CEU). We found that downstream analyses in the Native Hawaiian population, such as local ancestry inference, imputation, and IBD segment and relatedness detections, would achieve similar efficacy when using the NH map compared to an omnibus map. However, for genome scans of adaptive loci using integrated haplotype scores, we found several loci with apparent genome-wide significant signals (|Z-score|> 4) in Native Hawaiians that would not have been significant when analyzed using NH-specific maps. Population-specific recombination maps may therefore improve the robustness of haplotype-based statistics and help us better characterize the evolutionary history that may underlie Native Hawaiian-specific health conditions that persist today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan L Dinh
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Echo Tang
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kekoa Taparra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | - Fei Chen
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Charleston W K Chiang
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Uebel CJ, Rajeev S, Phillips CM. Caenorhabditis elegans germ granules are present in distinct configurations and assemble in a hierarchical manner. Development 2023; 150:dev202284. [PMID: 38009921 PMCID: PMC10753583 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
RNA silencing pathways are complex, highly conserved, and perform crucial regulatory roles. In Caenorhabditis elegans germlines, RNA surveillance occurs through a series of perinuclear germ granule compartments - P granules, Z granules, SIMR foci, and Mutator foci - multiple of which form via phase separation. Although the functions of individual germ granule proteins have been extensively studied, the relationships between germ granule compartments (collectively, 'nuage') are less understood. We find that key germ granule proteins assemble into separate but adjacent condensates, and that boundaries between germ granule compartments re-establish after perturbation. We discover a toroidal P granule morphology, which encircles the other germ granule compartments in a consistent exterior-to-interior spatial organization, providing broad implications for the trajectory of an RNA as it exits the nucleus. Moreover, we quantify the stoichiometric relationships between germ granule compartments and RNA to reveal discrete populations of nuage that assemble in a hierarchical manner and differentially associate with RNAi-targeted transcripts, possibly suggesting functional differences between nuage configurations. Our work creates a more accurate model of C. elegans nuage and informs the conceptualization of RNA silencing through the germ granule compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celja J. Uebel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Sanjana Rajeev
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Carolyn M. Phillips
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Sozzi M, Inaba K, Schellenberg MA, Matsushima K, Martin MJ. Dangerous passage: the utility and accuracy of modern chest computed tomography in penetrating thoracic injuries with potential transmediastinal trajectory. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2023; 49:2439-2445. [PMID: 37358631 PMCID: PMC10728241 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-023-02315-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to evaluate utility and reliability of chest CT as a standalone screening modality for stable patients with thoracic GSWs and potential transmediastinal trajectories. METHODS All patients with thoracic GSWs over a 5-year period were identified. Unstable patients requiring immediate surgery were excluded and the remaining underwent chest CT with intravenous contrast. Sensitivity and specificity for clinically significant injuries were tested against an aggregate gold standard of discharge diagnosis including imaging, operative and clinical findings. RESULTS A total of 216 patients met inclusion criteria and underwent chest CT. After imaging, 65 (30.1%) had indication for immediate surgery, of which 10 (4.6%) underwent a thoracic procedure for chest injuries while 151 (69.9%) were selected for nonoperative management (NOM). 11 (5.1%) required a delayed thoracic operation, none due to injuries missed on CT. The remaining 140 (64.8%) underwent successful NOM. Up to 195 (90.3%) patients had successful NOM of thoracic injuries. Only 9.2% required additional imaging, all negative. CT identified a cardiac injury in one case and a vascular injury in two cases, all confirmed by surgery, while one thoracic IVC injury missed on CT was found intraoperatively. 2 patients had CT suspicious for esophageal injury, ruled out by following investigations. There was one death in the total cohort, none in the NOM group. CONCLUSIONS Modern high-quality CT provides highly accurate and reliable screening modality for penetrating chest and mediastinal injuries and can be used as a standalone study in most patients or to guide further tests. Chest CT facilitated successful NOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Sozzi
- Los Angeles County + USC Medical Center, 2051 Marengo Street, Room C5L100, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| | - Kenji Inaba
- Los Angeles County + USC Medical Center, 2051 Marengo Street, Room C5L100, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Morgan A Schellenberg
- Los Angeles County + USC Medical Center, 2051 Marengo Street, Room C5L100, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Kazuhide Matsushima
- Los Angeles County + USC Medical Center, 2051 Marengo Street, Room C5L100, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Matthew J Martin
- Los Angeles County + USC Medical Center, 2051 Marengo Street, Room C5L100, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
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Hassankhani A, Valizadeh P, Amoukhteh M, Jannatdoust P, Saeedi N, Sabeghi P, Ghadimi DJ, Johnston JH, Gholamrezanezhad A. Disparities in computed tomography utilization for pediatric blunt trauma: a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing pediatric and non-pediatric trauma centers. Emerg Radiol 2023; 30:743-764. [PMID: 37740844 PMCID: PMC10695891 DOI: 10.1007/s10140-023-02172-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric blunt trauma is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and computed tomography (CT) imaging is vital for accurate evaluation and management. Pediatric trauma centers (PTCs) have selective CT practices, while non-PTCs may differ, resulting in potential variations in CT utilization. The objective of this study is to delineate disparities in CT utilization for pediatric blunt trauma patients between PTCs and non-PTCs. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following established guidelines, searching PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to March 3, 2023. All studies examining CT utilization in the management of pediatric (aged < 21 years) blunt trauma and specifying the type of trauma center(s) were included, and data were extracted and analyzed using STATA software version 17.0. An analysis of 30 studies revealed significant variations in CT scan utilization among pediatric blunt trauma patients across different types of trauma centers. PTCs exhibited lower pooled rates of abdominopelvic CT scans (35.4% vs. 44.9%, p < 0.01), cranial CT scans (36.9% vs. 42.9%, p < 0.01), chest CT scans (14.5% vs. 25.4%, p < 0.01), and cervical spine CT scans (23% vs. 45%, p < 0.01) compared to adult or mixed trauma centers (ATCs/MTCs). PTCs had a pooled rate of 54% for receiving at least one CT scan, while ATCs/MTCs had a higher rate of 69.3% (p < 0.05). The studies demonstrated considerable heterogeneity. These findings underscore the need to conduct further research to understand the reasons for the observed variations and to promote appropriate imaging usage, minimize radiation exposure, and encourage collaboration between pediatric and adult trauma centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hassankhani
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), 1441 Eastlake Ave Ste 2315, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Parya Valizadeh
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Melika Amoukhteh
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), 1441 Eastlake Ave Ste 2315, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Payam Jannatdoust
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikoo Saeedi
- Student Research Committee, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Paniz Sabeghi
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), 1441 Eastlake Ave Ste 2315, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Delaram J Ghadimi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jennifer H Johnston
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ali Gholamrezanezhad
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), 1441 Eastlake Ave Ste 2315, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
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Hassankhani A, Amoukhteh M, Valizadeh P, Jannatdoust P, Eibschutz LS, Myers LA, Gholamrezanezhad A. Diagnostic utility of multidetector CT scan in penetrating diaphragmatic injuries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Emerg Radiol 2023; 30:765-776. [PMID: 37792116 PMCID: PMC10695863 DOI: 10.1007/s10140-023-02174-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Penetrating diaphragmatic injuries pose diagnostic and management challenges. Computed tomography (CT) scans are valuable for stable patients, but concern exists for missed injuries and complications in nonoperatively managed cases. The objective of this study was to explore the diagnostic utility of multidetector CT scan (MDCT) in identifying diaphragmatic injuries resulting from penetrating trauma. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted, following established guidelines, by searching PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases up to July 6, 2023. Eligible studies reporting MDCT's diagnostic accuracy in detecting penetrating diaphragmatic injuries were included. Relevant data elements were extracted and analyzed using STATA software. The study included 9 articles comprising 294 patients with confirmed penetrating diaphragmatic injuries through surgical procedures. MDCT's diagnostic performance revealed a pooled sensitivity of 74% (95% CI: 56%-87%) and a pooled specificity of 92% (95% CI: 79%-97%) (Fig. two), with significant heterogeneity in both sensitivity and specificity across the studies. The Fagan plot demonstrated that higher pre-test probabilities correlated with higher positive post-test probabilities for penetrating diaphragmatic injury diagnosis using MDCT, but even with negative results, there remained a small chance of having the injury, especially in cases with higher pre-test probabilities. This study highlights MDCT's effectiveness in detecting diaphragmatic injury from penetrating trauma, with moderate to high diagnostic accuracy. However, larger sample sizes, multicenter collaborations, and prospective designs are needed to address observed heterogeneity, enhancing understanding and consistency in MDCT's diagnostic capabilities in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hassankhani
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), 1441 Eastlake Ave Ste 2315, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Melika Amoukhteh
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), 1441 Eastlake Ave Ste 2315, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Parya Valizadeh
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Jannatdoust
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Liesl S Eibschutz
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), 1441 Eastlake Ave Ste 2315, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Lee A Myers
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ali Gholamrezanezhad
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), 1441 Eastlake Ave Ste 2315, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
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Lukas L, Zhang H, Cheng K, Epstein A. Immune Priming with Spatially Fractionated Radiation Therapy. Curr Oncol Rep 2023; 25:1483-1496. [PMID: 37979032 PMCID: PMC10728252 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-023-01473-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to summarize the current preclinical and clinical evidence of nontargeted immune effects of spatially fractionated radiation therapy (SFRT). We then highlight strategies to augment the immunomodulatory potential of SFRT in combination with immunotherapy (IT). RECENT FINDINGS The response of cancer to IT is limited by primary and acquired immune resistance, and strategies are needed to prime the immune system to increase the efficacy of IT. Radiation therapy can induce immunologic effects and can potentially be used to synergize the effects of IT, although the optimal combination of radiation and IT is largely unknown. SFRT is a novel radiation technique that limits ablative doses to tumor subvolumes, and this highly heterogeneous dose deposition may increase the immune-rich infiltrate within the targeted tumor with enhanced antigen presentation and activated T cells in nonirradiated tumors. The understanding of nontargeted effects of SFRT can contribute to future translational strategies to combine SFRT and IT. Integration of SFRT and IT is an innovative approach to address immune resistance to IT with the overall goal of improving the therapeutic ratio of radiation therapy and increasing the efficacy of IT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Lukas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Hualin Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Karen Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alan Epstein
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Ramos CM, Curran SP. Comparative analysis of the molecular and physiological consequences of constitutive SKN-1 activation. GeroScience 2023; 45:3359-3370. [PMID: 37751046 PMCID: PMC10643742 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00937-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular homeostats play essential roles across all levels of biological organization to ensure a return to normal function after responding to abnormal internal and environmental events. SKN-1 is an evolutionarily conserved cytoprotective transcription factor that is integral for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis upon exposure to a variety of stress conditions. Despite the essentiality of turning on SKN-1/NRF2 in response to exogenous and endogenous stress, animals with chronic activation of SKN-1 display premature loss of health with age, and ultimately, diminished lifespan. Previous genetic models of constitutive SKN-1 activation include gain-of-function alleles of skn-1 and loss-of-function alleles of wdr-23 that impede the turnover of SKN-1 by the ubiquitin proteasome. Here, we define a novel gain-of-function mutation in the xrep-4 locus that results in constitutive activation of SKN-1 in the absence of stress. Although each of these genetic mutations results in continuously unregulated transcriptional output from SKN-1, the physiological consequences of each model on development, stress resistance, reproduction, lipid homeostasis, and lifespan are distinct. Here, we provide a comprehensive assessment of the differential healthspan impacts across multiple models of constitutive SKN-1 activation. Although our results reveal the universal need to reign in the uncontrolled activity of cytoprotective transcription factors, we also define the unique signatures of each model of constitutive SKN-1 activation, which provides innovative solutions for the design of molecular "off-switches" of unregulated transcriptional homeostats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M Ramos
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Sean P Curran
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
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Tserunyan V, Finley S. Information-Theoretic Analysis of a Model of CAR-4-1BB-Mediated NFκB Activation. Bull Math Biol 2023; 86:5. [PMID: 38038772 PMCID: PMC10691998 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-023-01232-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Systems biology utilizes computational approaches to examine an array of biological processes, such as cell signaling, metabolomics and pharmacology. This includes mathematical modeling of CAR T cells, a modality of cancer therapy by which genetically engineered immune cells recognize and combat a cancerous target. While successful against hematologic malignancies, CAR T cells have shown limited success against other cancer types. Thus, more research is needed to understand their mechanisms of action and leverage their full potential. In our work, we set out to apply information theory on a mathematical model of NFκB signaling initiated by the CAR following antigen encounter. First, we estimated channel capacity for CAR-4-1BB-mediated NFκB signal transduction. Next, we evaluated the pathway's ability to distinguish contrasting "low" and "high" antigen concentration levels, depending on the amount of variability in protein concentrations. Finally, we assessed the fidelity by which NFκB activation reflects the encountered antigen concentration, depending on the prevalence of antigen-positive targets in tumor population. We found that in most scenarios, fold change in the nuclear concentration of NFκB carries a higher channel capacity for the pathway than NFκB's absolute response. Additionally, we found that most errors in transducing the antigen signal through the pathway skew towards underestimating the concentration of encountered antigen. Finally, we found that disabling IKKβ deactivation could increase signaling fidelity against targets with antigen-negative cells. Our information-theoretic analysis of signal transduction can provide novel perspectives on biological signaling, as well as enable a more informed path to cell engineering.Kindly check and confirm whether the corresponding affiliation is correctly identified.this is correct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vardges Tserunyan
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stacey Finley
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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50
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Zhang Y, Gantt SE, Keister EF, Elder H, Kolodziej G, Aguilar C, Studivan MS, Williams DE, Kemp DW, Manzello DP, Enochs IC, Kenkel CD. Performance of Orbicella faveolata larval cohorts does not align with previously observed thermal tolerance of adult source populations. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:6591-6605. [PMID: 37846617 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Orbicella faveolata, commonly known as the mountainous star coral, is a dominant reef-building species in the Caribbean, but populations have suffered sharp declines since the 1980s due to repeated bleaching and disease-driven mortality. Prior research has shown that inshore adult O. faveolata populations in the Florida Keys are able to maintain high coral cover and recover from bleaching faster than their offshore counterparts. However, whether this origin-specific variation in thermal resistance is heritable remains unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we produced purebred and hybrid larval crosses from O. faveolata gametes collected at two distinct reefs in the Upper Florida Keys, a nearshore site (Cheeca Rocks, CR) and an offshore site (Horseshoe Reef, HR), in two different years (2019, 2021). We then subjected these aposymbiotic larvae to severe (36°C) and moderate (32°C) heat challenges to quantify their thermal tolerance. Contrary to our expectation based on patterns of adult thermal tolerance, HR purebred larvae survived better and exhibited gene expression profiles that were less driven by stress response under elevated temperature compared to purebred CR and hybrid larvae. One potential explanation could be the compromised reproductive output of CR adult colonies due to repeated summer bleaching events in 2018 and 2019, as gametes originating from CR in 2019 contained less storage lipids than those from HR. These findings provide an important counter-example to the current selective breeding paradigm, that more tolerant parents will yield more tolerant offspring, and highlight the importance of adopting a holistic approach when evaluating larval quality for conservation and restoration purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqi Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shelby E Gantt
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Elise F Keister
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Holland Elder
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Graham Kolodziej
- University of Miami, Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Miami, Florida, USA
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division, NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Catalina Aguilar
- University of Miami, Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Miami, Florida, USA
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division, NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Michael S Studivan
- University of Miami, Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Miami, Florida, USA
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division, NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Dana E Williams
- Population and Ecosystem Monitoring Division, NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Dustin W Kemp
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Derek P Manzello
- Coral Reef Watch, Satellite Oceanography and Climatology Division, Center for Satellite Applications and Research, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Ian C Enochs
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division, NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Carly D Kenkel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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