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Hoegh-Guldberg O, Skirving W, Dove SG, Spady BL, Norrie A, Geiger EF, Liu G, De La Cour JL, Manzello DP. Coral reefs in peril in a record-breaking year. Science 2023; 382:1238-1240. [PMID: 38060674 DOI: 10.1126/science.adk4532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and its impacts on coral reefs have reached unchartered territory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ove Hoegh-Guldberg
- School of the Environment, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - William Skirving
- ReefSense, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Coral Reef Watch, Satellite Oceanography and Climatology Division, Center for Satellite Applications and Research, US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), College Park, MD, USA
| | - Sophie G Dove
- School of the Environment, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Blake L Spady
- ReefSense, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Coral Reef Watch, Satellite Oceanography and Climatology Division, Center for Satellite Applications and Research, US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), College Park, MD, USA
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew Norrie
- ReefSense, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Coral Reef Watch, Satellite Oceanography and Climatology Division, Center for Satellite Applications and Research, US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), College Park, MD, USA
| | - Erick F Geiger
- Coral Reef Watch, Satellite Oceanography and Climatology Division, Center for Satellite Applications and Research, US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), College Park, MD, USA
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Gang Liu
- Coral Reef Watch, Satellite Oceanography and Climatology Division, Center for Satellite Applications and Research, US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jacqueline L De La Cour
- Coral Reef Watch, Satellite Oceanography and Climatology Division, Center for Satellite Applications and Research, US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), College Park, MD, USA
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Derek P Manzello
- Coral Reef Watch, Satellite Oceanography and Climatology Division, Center for Satellite Applications and Research, US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), College Park, MD, USA
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2
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Zhang Y, Gantt SE, Keister EF, Elder H, Kolodziej G, Aguilar C, Studivan MS, Williams DE, Kemp DW, Manzello DP, Enochs IC, Kenkel CD. Performance of Orbicella faveolata larval cohorts does not align with previously observed thermal tolerance of adult source populations. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:6591-6605. [PMID: 37846617 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Orbicella faveolata, commonly known as the mountainous star coral, is a dominant reef-building species in the Caribbean, but populations have suffered sharp declines since the 1980s due to repeated bleaching and disease-driven mortality. Prior research has shown that inshore adult O. faveolata populations in the Florida Keys are able to maintain high coral cover and recover from bleaching faster than their offshore counterparts. However, whether this origin-specific variation in thermal resistance is heritable remains unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we produced purebred and hybrid larval crosses from O. faveolata gametes collected at two distinct reefs in the Upper Florida Keys, a nearshore site (Cheeca Rocks, CR) and an offshore site (Horseshoe Reef, HR), in two different years (2019, 2021). We then subjected these aposymbiotic larvae to severe (36°C) and moderate (32°C) heat challenges to quantify their thermal tolerance. Contrary to our expectation based on patterns of adult thermal tolerance, HR purebred larvae survived better and exhibited gene expression profiles that were less driven by stress response under elevated temperature compared to purebred CR and hybrid larvae. One potential explanation could be the compromised reproductive output of CR adult colonies due to repeated summer bleaching events in 2018 and 2019, as gametes originating from CR in 2019 contained less storage lipids than those from HR. These findings provide an important counter-example to the current selective breeding paradigm, that more tolerant parents will yield more tolerant offspring, and highlight the importance of adopting a holistic approach when evaluating larval quality for conservation and restoration purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqi Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shelby E Gantt
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Elise F Keister
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Holland Elder
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Graham Kolodziej
- University of Miami, Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Miami, Florida, USA
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division, NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Catalina Aguilar
- University of Miami, Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Miami, Florida, USA
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division, NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Michael S Studivan
- University of Miami, Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Miami, Florida, USA
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division, NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Dana E Williams
- Population and Ecosystem Monitoring Division, NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Dustin W Kemp
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Derek P Manzello
- Coral Reef Watch, Satellite Oceanography and Climatology Division, Center for Satellite Applications and Research, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Ian C Enochs
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division, NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Carly D Kenkel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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3
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Enochs IC, Studivan MS, Kolodziej G, Foord C, Basden I, Boyd A, Formel N, Kirkland A, Rubin E, Jankulak M, Smith I, Kelble CR, Manzello DP. Coral persistence despite marginal conditions in the Port of Miami. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6759. [PMID: 37185619 PMCID: PMC10130011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33467-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Coral cover has declined worldwide due to anthropogenic stressors that manifest on both global and local scales. Coral communities that exist in extreme conditions can provide information on how these stressors influence ecosystem structure, with implications for their persistence under future conditions. The Port of Miami is located within an urbanized environment, with active coastal development, as well as commercial shipping and recreational boating activity. Monitoring of sites throughout the Port since 2018 has revealed periodic extremes in temperature, seawater pH, and salinity, far in excess of what have been measured in most coral reef environments. Despite conditions that would kill many reef species, we have documented diverse coral communities growing on artificial substrates at these sites-reflecting remarkable tolerance to environmental stressors. Furthermore, many of the more prevalent species within these communities are now conspicuously absent or in low abundance on nearby reefs, owing to their susceptibility and exposure to stony coral tissue loss disease. Natural reef frameworks, however, are largely absent at the urban sites and while diverse fish communities are documented, it is unlikely that these communities provide the same goods and services as natural reef habitats. Regardless, the existence of these communities indicates unlikely persistence and highlights the potential for coexistence of threatened species in anthropogenic environments, provided that suitable stewardship strategies are in place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Enochs
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL, 33149, USA.
| | - Michael S Studivan
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
| | - Graham Kolodziej
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
| | | | - Isabelle Basden
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
| | - Albert Boyd
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
| | - Nathan Formel
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Amanda Kirkland
- Biological Sciences Department, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, 70148, USA
| | - Ewelina Rubin
- Soil and Water Sciences Department, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Mike Jankulak
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
| | - Ian Smith
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
| | - Christopher R Kelble
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
| | - Derek P Manzello
- Satellite Oceanography and Climatology Division, Center for Satellite Applications and Research, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD, USA
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4
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Spady BL, Skirving WJ, Liu G, De La Cour JL, McDonald CJ, Manzello DP. Unprecedented early-summer heat stress and forecast of coral bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef, 2021-2022. F1000Res 2022; 11:127. [PMID: 36415207 PMCID: PMC9652503 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.108724.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is predicted to undergo its sixth mass coral bleaching event during the Southern Hemisphere summer of 2021-2022. Coral bleaching-level heat stress over the GBR is forecast to start earlier than any previous year in the satellite record (1985-present). The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coral Reef Watch (CRW) near real-time satellite-based heat stress products were used to investigate early-summer sea surface temperature (SST) and heat stress conditions on the GBR during late 2021. As of 14 December 2021, values of instantaneous heat stress (Coral Bleaching HotSpots) and accumulated heat stress over a 12-week running window (Degree Heating Weeks) on the GBR were unprecedented in the satellite record. Further, 89% of GBR satellite reef pixels for this date in 2021 had a positive seven-day SST trend of greater than 0.2 degrees Celsius/week. Background temperatures (the minimum temperature over the previous 29 days) were alarmingly high, with 87% of GBR reef pixels on 14 December 2021 being greater than the maximum SST over that same 29-day period for any year from 1985-2020. The GBR is starting the 2021-2022 summer season with more accumulated heat than ever before, which could have disastrous consequences for the health, recovery, and future of this critical reef system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake L. Spady
- Center for Satellite Applications and Research, Satellite Oceanography and Climate Division, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, Maryland, 20740, USA,ReefSense Pty, Ltd., P.O. Box 343, Aitkenvale, Queensland, 4814, Australia,
| | - William J. Skirving
- Center for Satellite Applications and Research, Satellite Oceanography and Climate Division, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, Maryland, 20740, USA,ReefSense Pty, Ltd., P.O. Box 343, Aitkenvale, Queensland, 4814, Australia
| | - Gang Liu
- Center for Satellite Applications and Research, Satellite Oceanography and Climate Division, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, Maryland, 20740, USA,Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20740, USA
| | - Jacqueline L. De La Cour
- Center for Satellite Applications and Research, Satellite Oceanography and Climate Division, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, Maryland, 20740, USA,Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20740, USA
| | - Cathy J. McDonald
- ReefSense Pty, Ltd., P.O. Box 343, Aitkenvale, Queensland, 4814, Australia
| | - Derek P. Manzello
- Center for Satellite Applications and Research, Satellite Oceanography and Climate Division, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, Maryland, 20740, USA
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Enochs IC, Toth LT, Kirkland A, Manzello DP, Kolodziej G, Morris JT, Holstein DM, Schlenz A, Randall CJ, Maté JL, Leichter JJ, Aronson RB. Upwelling and the persistence of coral‐reef frameworks in the eastern tropical Pacific. ECOL MONOGR 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian C. Enochs
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystem Division Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory NOAA 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami Florida 33149 USA
| | - Lauren T. Toth
- St. Petersburg Coastal & Marine Science Center U.S. Geological Survey 600 4th Street St. Petersburg Florida 33701 USA
| | - Amanda Kirkland
- The University of New Orleans 2000 Lakeshore Drive New Orleans Louisiana 70148 USA
| | - Derek P. Manzello
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystem Division Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory NOAA 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami Florida 33149 USA
| | - Graham Kolodziej
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystem Division Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory NOAA 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami Florida 33149 USA
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies University of Miami 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami Florida 33149 USA
| | - John T. Morris
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystem Division Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory NOAA 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami Florida 33149 USA
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies University of Miami 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami Florida 33149 USA
| | - Daniel M. Holstein
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences College of the Coast & Environment Louisiana State University 2259 Energy, Coast & Environment Building Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA
| | - Austin Schlenz
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystem Division Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory NOAA 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami Florida 33149 USA
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies University of Miami 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami Florida 33149 USA
| | - Carly J. Randall
- Australian Institute of Marine Science PMB No. 3 Townsville Queensland 4810 Australia
| | - Juan L. Maté
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Apartado Postal 0843‐03092 Panamá Republic of Panama
| | - James J. Leichter
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego 8635 Kennel Way La Jolla California 92037 USA
| | - Richard B. Aronson
- Florida Institute of Technology 150 West University Boulevard Melbourne Florida 32901 USA
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Abstract
Anthropogenic activities are increasing ocean temperature and decreasing ocean pH. Some coastal habitats are experiencing increases in organic runoff, which when coupled with a loss of vegetated coastline can accelerate reductions in seawater pH. Marine larvae that hatch in coastal habitats may not have the ability to respond to elevated temperature and changes in seawater pH. This study examined the response of Florida stone crab (Menippe mercenaria) larvae to elevated temperature (30°C control and 32°C treatment) and CO2-induced reductions in pH (8.05 pH control and 7.80 pH treatment). We determined whether those singular and simultaneous stressors affect larval vertical movement at two developmental stages. Geotactic responses varied between larval stages. The direction and rate of the vertical displacement of larvae were dependent on pH rather than temperature. Stage III larvae swam upwards under ambient pH conditions, but swam downwards at a faster rate under reduced pH. There was no observable change in the directional movement of Stage V larvae. The reversal in orientation by Stage III larvae may limit larval transport in habitats that experience reduced pH and could pose challenges for the northward dispersal of stone crabs as coastal temperatures warm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Gravinese
- Mote Marine Laboratory, Fisheries Ecology and Enhancement, 1600 Ken Thompson Way, Sarasota, FL 34236, USA.,Florida Institute of Technology, Institute for Global Ecology, 150 W. Univ. Blvd., Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
| | - Ian C Enochs
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Derek P Manzello
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Robert van Woesik
- Florida Institute of Technology, Institute for Global Ecology, 150 W. Univ. Blvd., Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
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Manzello DP, Matz MV, Enochs IC, Valentino L, Carlton RD, Kolodziej G, Serrano X, Towle EK, Jankulak M. Role of host genetics and heat-tolerant algal symbionts in sustaining populations of the endangered coral Orbicella faveolata in the Florida Keys with ocean warming. Glob Chang Biol 2019; 25:1016-1031. [PMID: 30552831 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Identifying which factors lead to coral bleaching resistance is a priority given the global decline of coral reefs with ocean warming. During the second year of back-to-back bleaching events in the Florida Keys in 2014 and 2015, we characterized key environmental and biological factors associated with bleaching resilience in the threatened reef-building coral Orbicella faveolata. Ten reefs (five inshore, five offshore, 179 corals total) were sampled during bleaching (September 2015) and recovery (May 2016). Corals were genotyped with 2bRAD and profiled for algal symbiont abundance and type. O. faveolata at the inshore sites, despite higher temperatures, demonstrated significantly higher bleaching resistance and better recovery compared to offshore. The thermotolerant Durusdinium trenchii (formerly Symbiondinium trenchii) was the dominant endosymbiont type region-wide during initial (78.0% of corals sampled) and final (77.2%) sampling; >90% of the nonbleached corals were dominated by D. trenchii. 2bRAD host genotyping found no genetic structure among reefs, but inshore sites showed a high level of clonality. While none of the measured environmental parameters were correlated with bleaching, 71% of variation in bleaching resistance and 73% of variation in the proportion of D. trenchii was attributable to differences between genets, highlighting the leading role of genetics in shaping natural bleaching patterns. Notably, D. trenchii was rarely dominant in O. faveolata from the Florida Keys in previous studies, even during bleaching. The region-wide high abundance of D. trenchii was likely driven by repeated bleaching associated with the two warmest years on record for the Florida Keys (2014 and 2015). On inshore reefs in the Upper Florida Keys, O. faveolata was most abundant, had the highest bleaching resistance, and contained the most corals dominated by D. trenchii, illustrating a causal link between heat tolerance and ecosystem resilience with global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek P Manzello
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories (AOML), NOAA, Miami, Florida
| | - Mikhail V Matz
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Ian C Enochs
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories (AOML), NOAA, Miami, Florida
| | - Lauren Valentino
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories (AOML), NOAA, Miami, Florida
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Renee D Carlton
- Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation, Landover, Maryland
| | - Graham Kolodziej
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories (AOML), NOAA, Miami, Florida
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Xaymara Serrano
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories (AOML), NOAA, Miami, Florida
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Erica K Towle
- Office of the NOAA Administrator, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Mike Jankulak
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories (AOML), NOAA, Miami, Florida
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
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Manzello DP, Enochs IC, Kolodziej G, Carlton R, Valentino L. Resilience in carbonate production despite three coral bleaching events in 5 years on an inshore patch reef in the Florida Keys. Mar Biol 2018; 165:99. [PMID: 29755140 PMCID: PMC5938290 DOI: 10.1007/s00227-018-3354-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The persistence of coral reef frameworks requires that calcium carbonate (CaCO3) production by corals and other calcifiers outpaces CaCO3 loss via physical, chemical, and biological erosion. Coral bleaching causes declines in CaCO3 production, but this varies with bleaching severity and the species impacted. We conducted census-based CaCO3 budget surveys using the established ReefBudget approach at Cheeca Rocks, an inshore patch reef in the Florida Keys, annually from 2012 to 2016. This site experienced warm-water bleaching in 2011, 2014, and 2015. In 2017, we obtained cores of the dominant calcifying coral at this site, Orbicella faveolata, to understand how calcification rates were impacted by bleaching and how they affected the reef-wide CaCO3 budget. Bleaching depressed O. faveolata growth and the decline of this one species led to an overestimation of mean (± std. error) reef-wide CaCO3 production by + 0.68 (± 0.167) to + 1.11 (± 0.236) kg m-2 year-1 when using the static ReefBudget coral growth inputs. During non-bleaching years, the ReefBudget inputs slightly underestimated gross production by - 0.10 (± 0.022) to - 0.43 (± 0.100) kg m-2 year-1. Carbonate production declined after the first year of back-to-back bleaching in 2014, but then increased after 2015 to values greater than the initial surveys in 2012. Cheeca Rocks is an outlier in the Caribbean and Florida Keys in terms of coral cover, carbonate production, and abundance of O. faveolata, which is threatened under the Endangered Species Act. Given the resilience of this site to repeated bleaching events, it may deserve special management attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek P. Manzello
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories (AOML), NOAA, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149 USA
| | - Ian C. Enochs
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories (AOML), NOAA, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149 USA
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149 USA
| | - Graham Kolodziej
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories (AOML), NOAA, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149 USA
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149 USA
| | - Renée Carlton
- Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation, Landover, MD USA
| | - Lauren Valentino
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories (AOML), NOAA, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149 USA
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149 USA
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9
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Enochs IC, Manzello DP, Kolodziej G, Noonan SHC, Valentino L, Fabricius KE. Enhanced macroboring and depressed calcification drive net dissolution at high-CO2 coral reefs. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 283:rspb.2016.1742. [PMID: 27852802 PMCID: PMC5124095 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.1742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) impacts the physiology of diverse marine taxa; among them corals that create complex reef framework structures. Biological processes operating on coral reef frameworks remain largely unknown from naturally high-carbon-dioxide (CO2) ecosystems. For the first time, we independently quantified the response of multiple functional groups instrumental in the construction and erosion of these frameworks (accretion, macroboring, microboring, and grazing) along natural OA gradients. We deployed blocks of dead coral skeleton for roughly 2 years at two reefs in Papua New Guinea, each experiencing volcanically enriched CO2, and employed high-resolution micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) to create three-dimensional models of changing skeletal structure. OA conditions were correlated with decreased calcification and increased macroboring, primarily by annelids, representing a group of bioeroders not previously known to respond to OA. Incubation of these blocks, using the alkalinity anomaly methodology, revealed a switch from net calcification to net dissolution at a pH of roughly 7.8, within Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) predictions for global ocean waters by the end of the century. Together these data represent the first comprehensive experimental study of bioerosion and calcification from a naturally high-CO2 reef ecosystem, where the processes of accelerated erosion and depressed calcification have combined to alter the permanence of this essential framework habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Enochs
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149, USA .,Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories (AOML), NOAA, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Derek P Manzello
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories (AOML), NOAA, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Graham Kolodziej
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149, USA.,Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories (AOML), NOAA, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Sam H C Noonan
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia
| | - Lauren Valentino
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149, USA.,Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories (AOML), NOAA, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Katharina E Fabricius
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia
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Bignami S, Enochs IC, Manzello DP, Sponaugle S, Cowen RK. Ocean acidification alters the otoliths of a pantropical fish species with implications for sensory function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:7366-70. [PMID: 23589887 PMCID: PMC3645591 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1301365110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification affects a wide diversity of marine organisms and is of particular concern for vulnerable larval stages critical to population replenishment and connectivity. Whereas it is well known that ocean acidification will negatively affect a range of calcareous taxa, the study of fishes is more limited in both depth of understanding and diversity of study species. We used new 3D microcomputed tomography to conduct in situ analysis of the impact of ocean acidification on otolith (ear stone) size and density of larval cobia (Rachycentron canadum), a large, economically important, pantropical fish species that shares many life history traits with a diversity of high-value, tropical pelagic fishes. We show that 2,100 μatm partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) significantly increased not only otolith size (up to 49% greater volume and 58% greater relative mass) but also otolith density (6% higher). Estimated relative mass in 800 μatm pCO2 treatments was 14% greater, and there was a similar but nonsignificant trend for otolith size. Using a modeling approach, we demonstrate that these changes could affect auditory sensitivity including a ∼50% increase in hearing range at 2,100 μatm pCO2, which may alter the perception of auditory information by larval cobia in a high-CO2 ocean. Our results indicate that ocean acidification has a graded effect on cobia otoliths, with the potential to substantially influence the dispersal, survival, and recruitment of a pelagic fish species. These results have important implications for population maintenance/replenishment, connectivity, and conservation efforts for other valuable fish stocks that are already being deleteriously impacted by overfishing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Bignami
- Division of Marine Biology and Fisheries, and Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA.
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Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) is expected to reduce the calcification rates of marine organisms, yet we have little understanding of how OA will manifest within dynamic, real-world systems. Natural CO(2), alkalinity, and salinity gradients can significantly alter local carbonate chemistry, and thereby create a range of susceptibility for different ecosystems to OA. As such, there is a need to characterize this natural variability of seawater carbonate chemistry, especially within coastal ecosystems. Since 2009, carbonate chemistry data have been collected on the Florida Reef Tract (FRT). During periods of heightened productivity, there is a net uptake of total CO(2) (TCO(2)) which increases aragonite saturation state (Ω(arag)) values on inshore patch reefs of the upper FRT. These waters can exhibit greater Ω(arag) than what has been modeled for the tropical surface ocean during preindustrial times, with mean (± std. error) Ω(arag)-values in spring = 4.69 (±0.101). Conversely, Ω(arag)-values on offshore reefs generally represent oceanic carbonate chemistries consistent with present day tropical surface ocean conditions. This gradient is opposite from what has been reported for other reef environments. We hypothesize this pattern is caused by the photosynthetic uptake of TCO(2) mainly by seagrasses and, to a lesser extent, macroalgae in the inshore waters of the FRT. These inshore reef habitats are therefore potential acidification refugia that are defined not only in a spatial sense, but also in time; coinciding with seasonal productivity dynamics. Coral reefs located within or immediately downstream of seagrass beds may find refuge from OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek P Manzello
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America.
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Manzello DP, Berkelmans R, Hendee JC. Coral bleaching indices and thresholds for the Florida Reef Tract, Bahamas, and St. Croix, US Virgin Islands. Mar Pollut Bull 2007; 54:1923-1931. [PMID: 17931666 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2007] [Revised: 08/24/2007] [Accepted: 08/29/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that elevated sea temperatures cause widespread coral bleaching, yet confusion lingers as to what facet of extreme temperatures is most important. Utilizing long-term in situ datasets, we calculated nine thermal stress indices and tested their effectiveness at segregating bleaching years a posteriori for multiple reefs on the Florida Reef Tract. The indices examined represent three aspects of thermal stress: (1) short-term, acute temperature stress; (2) cumulative temperature stress; and (3) temperature variability. Maximum monthly sea surface temperature (SST) and the number of days >30.5 degrees C were the most significant; indicating that cumulative exposure to temperature extremes characterized bleaching years. Bleaching thresholds were warmer for Florida than the Bahamas and St. Croix, US Virgin Islands reflecting differences in seasonal maximum SST. Hind-casts showed that monthly mean SST above a local threshold explained all bleaching years in Florida, the Bahamas, and US Virgin Islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek P Manzello
- Cooperative Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA.
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Abstract
Recent, global mass-mortalities of reef corals due to record warm sea temperatures have led researchers to consider global warming as one of the most significant threats to the persistence of coral reef ecosystems. The passage of a hurricane can alleviate thermal stress on coral reefs, highlighting the potential for hurricane-associated cooling to mitigate climate change impacts. We provide evidence that hurricane-induced cooling was responsible for the documented differences in the extent and recovery time of coral bleaching between the Florida Reef Tract and the U.S. Virgin Islands during the Caribbean-wide 2005 bleaching event. These results are the only known scenario where the effects of a hurricane can benefit a stressed marine community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek P Manzello
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA.
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