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Zhang Y, Gantt SE, Keister EF, Elder H, Kolodziej G, Aguilar C, Studivan MS, Williams DE, Kemp DW, Manzello DP, Enochs IC, Kenkel CD. Performance of Orbicella faveolata larval cohorts does not align with previously observed thermal tolerance of adult source populations. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:6591-6605. [PMID: 37846617 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Orbicella faveolata, commonly known as the mountainous star coral, is a dominant reef-building species in the Caribbean, but populations have suffered sharp declines since the 1980s due to repeated bleaching and disease-driven mortality. Prior research has shown that inshore adult O. faveolata populations in the Florida Keys are able to maintain high coral cover and recover from bleaching faster than their offshore counterparts. However, whether this origin-specific variation in thermal resistance is heritable remains unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we produced purebred and hybrid larval crosses from O. faveolata gametes collected at two distinct reefs in the Upper Florida Keys, a nearshore site (Cheeca Rocks, CR) and an offshore site (Horseshoe Reef, HR), in two different years (2019, 2021). We then subjected these aposymbiotic larvae to severe (36°C) and moderate (32°C) heat challenges to quantify their thermal tolerance. Contrary to our expectation based on patterns of adult thermal tolerance, HR purebred larvae survived better and exhibited gene expression profiles that were less driven by stress response under elevated temperature compared to purebred CR and hybrid larvae. One potential explanation could be the compromised reproductive output of CR adult colonies due to repeated summer bleaching events in 2018 and 2019, as gametes originating from CR in 2019 contained less storage lipids than those from HR. These findings provide an important counter-example to the current selective breeding paradigm, that more tolerant parents will yield more tolerant offspring, and highlight the importance of adopting a holistic approach when evaluating larval quality for conservation and restoration purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqi Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shelby E Gantt
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Elise F Keister
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Holland Elder
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Graham Kolodziej
- University of Miami, Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Miami, Florida, USA
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division, NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Catalina Aguilar
- University of Miami, Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Miami, Florida, USA
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division, NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Michael S Studivan
- University of Miami, Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Miami, Florida, USA
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division, NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Dana E Williams
- Population and Ecosystem Monitoring Division, NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Dustin W Kemp
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Derek P Manzello
- Coral Reef Watch, Satellite Oceanography and Climatology Division, Center for Satellite Applications and Research, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Ian C Enochs
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division, NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Carly D Kenkel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Young BD, Rosales SM, Enochs IC, Kolodziej G, Formel N, Moura A, D'Alonso GL, Traylor-Knowles N. Different disease inoculations cause common responses of the host immune system and prokaryotic component of the microbiome in Acropora palmata. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286293. [PMID: 37228141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Reef-building corals contain a complex consortium of organisms, a holobiont, which responds dynamically to disease, making pathogen identification difficult. While coral transcriptomics and microbiome communities have previously been characterized, similarities and differences in their responses to different pathogenic sources has not yet been assessed. In this study, we inoculated four genets of the Caribbean branching coral Acropora palmata with a known coral pathogen (Serratia marcescens) and white band disease. We then characterized the coral's transcriptomic and prokaryotic microbiomes' (prokaryiome) responses to the disease inoculations, as well as how these responses were affected by a short-term heat stress prior to disease inoculation. We found strong commonality in both the transcriptomic and prokaryiomes responses, regardless of disease inoculation. Differences, however, were observed between inoculated corals that either remained healthy or developed active disease signs. Transcriptomic co-expression analysis identified that corals inoculated with disease increased gene expression of immune, wound healing, and fatty acid metabolic processes. Co-abundance analysis of the prokaryiome identified sets of both healthy-and-disease-state bacteria, while co-expression analysis of the prokaryiomes' inferred metagenomic function revealed infected corals' prokaryiomes shifted from free-living to biofilm states, as well as increasing metabolic processes. The short-term heat stress did not increase disease susceptibility for any of the four genets with any of the disease inoculations, and there was only a weak effect captured in the coral hosts' transcriptomic and prokaryiomes response. Genet identity, however, was a major driver of the transcriptomic variance, primarily due to differences in baseline immune gene expression. Despite genotypic differences in baseline gene expression, we have identified a common response for components of the coral holobiont to different disease inoculations. This work has identified genes and prokaryiome members that can be focused on for future coral disease work, specifically, putative disease diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Young
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Cooperative Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Rosenstiel School of Marine Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Stephanie M Rosales
- Cooperative Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Rosenstiel School of Marine Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ian C Enochs
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Graham Kolodziej
- Cooperative Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Rosenstiel School of Marine Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Nathan Formel
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Amelia Moura
- Coral Restoration Foundation, Tavernier, Florida, United States of America
| | | | - Nikki Traylor-Knowles
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
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Enochs IC, Studivan MS, Kolodziej G, Foord C, Basden I, Boyd A, Formel N, Kirkland A, Rubin E, Jankulak M, Smith I, Kelble CR, Manzello DP. Coral persistence despite marginal conditions in the Port of Miami. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6759. [PMID: 37185619 PMCID: PMC10130011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33467-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Coral cover has declined worldwide due to anthropogenic stressors that manifest on both global and local scales. Coral communities that exist in extreme conditions can provide information on how these stressors influence ecosystem structure, with implications for their persistence under future conditions. The Port of Miami is located within an urbanized environment, with active coastal development, as well as commercial shipping and recreational boating activity. Monitoring of sites throughout the Port since 2018 has revealed periodic extremes in temperature, seawater pH, and salinity, far in excess of what have been measured in most coral reef environments. Despite conditions that would kill many reef species, we have documented diverse coral communities growing on artificial substrates at these sites-reflecting remarkable tolerance to environmental stressors. Furthermore, many of the more prevalent species within these communities are now conspicuously absent or in low abundance on nearby reefs, owing to their susceptibility and exposure to stony coral tissue loss disease. Natural reef frameworks, however, are largely absent at the urban sites and while diverse fish communities are documented, it is unlikely that these communities provide the same goods and services as natural reef habitats. Regardless, the existence of these communities indicates unlikely persistence and highlights the potential for coexistence of threatened species in anthropogenic environments, provided that suitable stewardship strategies are in place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Enochs
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL, 33149, USA.
| | - Michael S Studivan
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
| | - Graham Kolodziej
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
| | | | - Isabelle Basden
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
| | - Albert Boyd
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
| | - Nathan Formel
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Amanda Kirkland
- Biological Sciences Department, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, 70148, USA
| | - Ewelina Rubin
- Soil and Water Sciences Department, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Mike Jankulak
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
| | - Ian Smith
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
| | - Christopher R Kelble
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
| | - Derek P Manzello
- Satellite Oceanography and Climatology Division, Center for Satellite Applications and Research, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD, USA
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Morris J, Enochs I, Webb A, de Bakker D, Soderberg N, Kolodziej G, Manzello D. The influences of diurnal variability and ocean acidification on the bioerosion rates of two reef-dwelling Caribbean sponges. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:7126-7138. [PMID: 36129389 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) is expected to modify the structure and function of coral reef ecosystems by reducing calcification, increasing bioerosion, and altering the physiology of many marine organisms. Much of our understanding of these relationships is based on experiments with static OA treatments, although evidence suggests that the magnitude of diurnal fluctuations in carbonate chemistry may modulate the calcification response to OA. These light-mediated swings in seawater pH are projected to become more extreme with OA, yet their impact on bioerosion remains unknown. We evaluated the influence of diurnal carbonate chemistry variability on the bioerosion rates of two Caribbean sponges: the zooxanthellate Cliona varians and azooxanthellate Cliothosa delitrix. Replicate fragments from multiple colonies of each species were exposed to four precisely controlled pH treatments: contemporary static (8.05 ± 0.00; mean pH ± diurnal pH oscillation), contemporary variable (8.05 ± 0.10), future OA static (7.80 ± 0.00), and future OA variable (7.80 ± 0.10). Significantly enhanced bioerosion rates, determined using buoyant weight measurements, were observed under more variable conditions in both the contemporary and future OA scenarios for C. varians, whereas the same effect was only apparent under contemporary pH conditions for C. delitrix. These results indicate that variable carbonate chemistry has a stimulating influence on sponge bioerosion, and we hypothesize that bioerosion rates evolve non-linearly as a function of pCO2 resulting in different magnitudes and directions of rate enhancement/reduction between day and night, even with an equal fluctuation around the mean. This response appeared to be intensified by photosymbionts, evident by the consistently higher percent increase in bioerosion rates for photosynthetic C. varians across all treatments. These findings further suggest that more variable natural ecosystems may presently experience elevated sponge bioerosion rates and that the heightened impact of OA enhanced bioerosion on reef habitat could occur sooner than prior predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Morris
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystem Division, NOAA, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ian Enochs
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystem Division, NOAA, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Alice Webb
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystem Division, NOAA, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Didier de Bakker
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Nash Soderberg
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystem Division, NOAA, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Graham Kolodziej
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystem Division, NOAA, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Derek Manzello
- Satellite Oceanography & Climatology Division, Coral Reef Watch, Center for Satellite Applications and Research, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
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Enochs IC, Toth LT, Kirkland A, Manzello DP, Kolodziej G, Morris JT, Holstein DM, Schlenz A, Randall CJ, Maté JL, Leichter JJ, Aronson RB. Upwelling and the persistence of coral‐reef frameworks in the eastern tropical Pacific. ECOL MONOGR 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian C. Enochs
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystem Division Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory NOAA 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami Florida 33149 USA
| | - Lauren T. Toth
- St. Petersburg Coastal & Marine Science Center U.S. Geological Survey 600 4th Street St. Petersburg Florida 33701 USA
| | - Amanda Kirkland
- The University of New Orleans 2000 Lakeshore Drive New Orleans Louisiana 70148 USA
| | - Derek P. Manzello
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystem Division Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory NOAA 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami Florida 33149 USA
| | - Graham Kolodziej
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystem Division Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory NOAA 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami Florida 33149 USA
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies University of Miami 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami Florida 33149 USA
| | - John T. Morris
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystem Division Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory NOAA 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami Florida 33149 USA
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies University of Miami 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami Florida 33149 USA
| | - Daniel M. Holstein
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences College of the Coast & Environment Louisiana State University 2259 Energy, Coast & Environment Building Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA
| | - Austin Schlenz
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystem Division Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory NOAA 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami Florida 33149 USA
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies University of Miami 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami Florida 33149 USA
| | - Carly J. Randall
- Australian Institute of Marine Science PMB No. 3 Townsville Queensland 4810 Australia
| | - Juan L. Maté
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Apartado Postal 0843‐03092 Panamá Republic of Panama
| | - James J. Leichter
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego 8635 Kennel Way La Jolla California 92037 USA
| | - Richard B. Aronson
- Florida Institute of Technology 150 West University Boulevard Melbourne Florida 32901 USA
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Manzello DP, Matz MV, Enochs IC, Valentino L, Carlton RD, Kolodziej G, Serrano X, Towle EK, Jankulak M. Role of host genetics and heat-tolerant algal symbionts in sustaining populations of the endangered coral Orbicella faveolata in the Florida Keys with ocean warming. Glob Chang Biol 2019; 25:1016-1031. [PMID: 30552831 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Identifying which factors lead to coral bleaching resistance is a priority given the global decline of coral reefs with ocean warming. During the second year of back-to-back bleaching events in the Florida Keys in 2014 and 2015, we characterized key environmental and biological factors associated with bleaching resilience in the threatened reef-building coral Orbicella faveolata. Ten reefs (five inshore, five offshore, 179 corals total) were sampled during bleaching (September 2015) and recovery (May 2016). Corals were genotyped with 2bRAD and profiled for algal symbiont abundance and type. O. faveolata at the inshore sites, despite higher temperatures, demonstrated significantly higher bleaching resistance and better recovery compared to offshore. The thermotolerant Durusdinium trenchii (formerly Symbiondinium trenchii) was the dominant endosymbiont type region-wide during initial (78.0% of corals sampled) and final (77.2%) sampling; >90% of the nonbleached corals were dominated by D. trenchii. 2bRAD host genotyping found no genetic structure among reefs, but inshore sites showed a high level of clonality. While none of the measured environmental parameters were correlated with bleaching, 71% of variation in bleaching resistance and 73% of variation in the proportion of D. trenchii was attributable to differences between genets, highlighting the leading role of genetics in shaping natural bleaching patterns. Notably, D. trenchii was rarely dominant in O. faveolata from the Florida Keys in previous studies, even during bleaching. The region-wide high abundance of D. trenchii was likely driven by repeated bleaching associated with the two warmest years on record for the Florida Keys (2014 and 2015). On inshore reefs in the Upper Florida Keys, O. faveolata was most abundant, had the highest bleaching resistance, and contained the most corals dominated by D. trenchii, illustrating a causal link between heat tolerance and ecosystem resilience with global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek P Manzello
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories (AOML), NOAA, Miami, Florida
| | - Mikhail V Matz
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Ian C Enochs
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories (AOML), NOAA, Miami, Florida
| | - Lauren Valentino
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories (AOML), NOAA, Miami, Florida
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Renee D Carlton
- Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation, Landover, Maryland
| | - Graham Kolodziej
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories (AOML), NOAA, Miami, Florida
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Xaymara Serrano
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories (AOML), NOAA, Miami, Florida
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Erica K Towle
- Office of the NOAA Administrator, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Mike Jankulak
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories (AOML), NOAA, Miami, Florida
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
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Manzello DP, Enochs IC, Kolodziej G, Carlton R, Valentino L. Resilience in carbonate production despite three coral bleaching events in 5 years on an inshore patch reef in the Florida Keys. Mar Biol 2018; 165:99. [PMID: 29755140 PMCID: PMC5938290 DOI: 10.1007/s00227-018-3354-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The persistence of coral reef frameworks requires that calcium carbonate (CaCO3) production by corals and other calcifiers outpaces CaCO3 loss via physical, chemical, and biological erosion. Coral bleaching causes declines in CaCO3 production, but this varies with bleaching severity and the species impacted. We conducted census-based CaCO3 budget surveys using the established ReefBudget approach at Cheeca Rocks, an inshore patch reef in the Florida Keys, annually from 2012 to 2016. This site experienced warm-water bleaching in 2011, 2014, and 2015. In 2017, we obtained cores of the dominant calcifying coral at this site, Orbicella faveolata, to understand how calcification rates were impacted by bleaching and how they affected the reef-wide CaCO3 budget. Bleaching depressed O. faveolata growth and the decline of this one species led to an overestimation of mean (± std. error) reef-wide CaCO3 production by + 0.68 (± 0.167) to + 1.11 (± 0.236) kg m-2 year-1 when using the static ReefBudget coral growth inputs. During non-bleaching years, the ReefBudget inputs slightly underestimated gross production by - 0.10 (± 0.022) to - 0.43 (± 0.100) kg m-2 year-1. Carbonate production declined after the first year of back-to-back bleaching in 2014, but then increased after 2015 to values greater than the initial surveys in 2012. Cheeca Rocks is an outlier in the Caribbean and Florida Keys in terms of coral cover, carbonate production, and abundance of O. faveolata, which is threatened under the Endangered Species Act. Given the resilience of this site to repeated bleaching events, it may deserve special management attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek P. Manzello
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories (AOML), NOAA, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149 USA
| | - Ian C. Enochs
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories (AOML), NOAA, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149 USA
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149 USA
| | - Graham Kolodziej
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories (AOML), NOAA, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149 USA
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149 USA
| | - Renée Carlton
- Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation, Landover, MD USA
| | - Lauren Valentino
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories (AOML), NOAA, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149 USA
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149 USA
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Enochs IC, Manzello DP, Kolodziej G, Noonan SHC, Valentino L, Fabricius KE. Enhanced macroboring and depressed calcification drive net dissolution at high-CO2 coral reefs. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 283:rspb.2016.1742. [PMID: 27852802 PMCID: PMC5124095 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.1742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) impacts the physiology of diverse marine taxa; among them corals that create complex reef framework structures. Biological processes operating on coral reef frameworks remain largely unknown from naturally high-carbon-dioxide (CO2) ecosystems. For the first time, we independently quantified the response of multiple functional groups instrumental in the construction and erosion of these frameworks (accretion, macroboring, microboring, and grazing) along natural OA gradients. We deployed blocks of dead coral skeleton for roughly 2 years at two reefs in Papua New Guinea, each experiencing volcanically enriched CO2, and employed high-resolution micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) to create three-dimensional models of changing skeletal structure. OA conditions were correlated with decreased calcification and increased macroboring, primarily by annelids, representing a group of bioeroders not previously known to respond to OA. Incubation of these blocks, using the alkalinity anomaly methodology, revealed a switch from net calcification to net dissolution at a pH of roughly 7.8, within Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) predictions for global ocean waters by the end of the century. Together these data represent the first comprehensive experimental study of bioerosion and calcification from a naturally high-CO2 reef ecosystem, where the processes of accelerated erosion and depressed calcification have combined to alter the permanence of this essential framework habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Enochs
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149, USA .,Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories (AOML), NOAA, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Derek P Manzello
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories (AOML), NOAA, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Graham Kolodziej
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149, USA.,Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories (AOML), NOAA, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Sam H C Noonan
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia
| | - Lauren Valentino
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149, USA.,Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories (AOML), NOAA, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Katharina E Fabricius
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia
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