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Mulholland M, Depuydt MAC, Jakobsson G, Ljungcrantz I, Grentzmann A, To F, Bengtsson E, Jaensson Gyllenbäck E, Grönberg C, Rattik S, Liberg D, Schiopu A, Björkbacka H, Kuiper J, Bot I, Slütter B, Engelbertsen D. Interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein blockade limits the development of atherosclerosis and reduces plaque inflammation. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:581-595. [PMID: 38563353 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS The interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP) is a co-receptor required for signalling through the IL-1, IL-33, and IL-36 receptors. Using a novel anti-IL1RAP-blocking antibody, we investigated the role of IL1RAP in atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Single-cell RNA sequencing data from human atherosclerotic plaques revealed the expression of IL1RAP and several IL1RAP-related cytokines and receptors, including IL1B and IL33. Histological analysis showed the presence of IL1RAP in both the plaque and adventitia, and flow cytometry of murine atherosclerotic aortas revealed IL1RAP expression on plaque leucocytes, including neutrophils and macrophages. High-cholesterol diet fed apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe-/-) mice were treated with a novel non-depleting IL1RAP-blocking antibody or isotype control for the last 6 weeks of diet. IL1RAP blockade in mice resulted in a 20% reduction in subvalvular plaque size and limited the accumulation of neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages in plaques and of T cells in adventitia, compared with control mice. Indicative of reduced plaque inflammation, the expression of several genes related to leucocyte recruitment, including Cxcl1 and Cxcl2, was reduced in brachiocephalic arteries of anti-IL1RAP-treated mice, and the expression of these chemokines in human plaques was mainly restricted to CD68+ myeloid cells. Furthermore, in vitro studies demonstrated that IL-1, IL-33, and IL-36 induced CXCL1 release from both macrophages and fibroblasts, which could be mitigated by IL1RAP blockade. CONCLUSION Limiting IL1RAP-dependent cytokine signalling pathways in atherosclerotic mice reduces plaque burden and plaque inflammation, potentially by limiting plaque chemokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Mulholland
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research-Immune Regulation, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marie A C Depuydt
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriel Jakobsson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Cardiac Inflammation, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Irena Ljungcrantz
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research-Immune Regulation, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Andrietta Grentzmann
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research-Immune Regulation, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Fong To
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research-Matrix and Inflammation in Atherosclerosis, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Eva Bengtsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research-Matrix and Inflammation in Atherosclerosis, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Science, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
- Biofilms-Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | | | - Sara Rattik
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research-Immune Regulation, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Cantargia AB, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Alexandru Schiopu
- Department of Translational Medicine, Cardiac Inflammation, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Harry Björkbacka
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research-Cellular Metabolism and Inflammation, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ilze Bot
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bram Slütter
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Engelbertsen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research-Immune Regulation, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Nagy NA, Hafkamp FMJ, Sparrius R, Bas R, Lozano Vigario F, van Capel TMM, van Ree R, Geijtenbeek TBH, Slütter B, Tas SW, de Jong EC. Retinoic acid-loaded liposomes induce human mucosal CD103 + dendritic cells that inhibit Th17 cells and drive regulatory T-cell development in vitro. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350839. [PMID: 38430190 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The active vitamin A metabolite, all-trans-retinoic acid (RA), primes precursor dendritic cells (DCs) into a mucosal phenotype with tolerogenic properties characterized by the expression of integrin CD103. CD103+ DCs can counteract pathogenic Th1 and Th17 in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or celiac disease (CD). Tolerogenic manipulation of DCs using nanoparticles carrying tolerogenic adjuvants and disease-specific antigens is a valuable treatment strategy to induce antigen-specific mucosal tolerance in vivo. Here, we investigated the effects of RA-loaded liposomes on human DC phenotype and function, including DC-driven T-cell development, both during the generation of monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) as well as by priming immature moDCs. RA liposomes drove CD103+ DC differentiation as well as ALDH1A2 expression in DCs. Neutrophil-dependent Th17 cell development was reduced by RA-liposome-differentiated and RA-liposome-primed DCs. Moreover, RA liposome treatment shifted T-cell development toward a Th2 cell profile. Importantly, RA liposomes induced the development of IL-10-producing and FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) of various Treg subsets, including ICOS+ Tregs, that were potent inhibitors of bystander memory T-cell proliferation. Taken together, RA-loaded liposomes could be a novel treatment avenue for IBD or CD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémi Anna Nagy
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Florianne M J Hafkamp
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rinske Sparrius
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rico Bas
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Lozano Vigario
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Toni M M van Capel
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald van Ree
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teunis B H Geijtenbeek
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bram Slütter
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sander W Tas
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther C de Jong
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Schaftenaar FH, van Dam AD, de Bruin G, Depuydt MAC, Mol JD, Amersfoort J, Douna H, Meijer M, Kröner MJ, van Santbrink PJ, Bernabé Kleijn MNA, van Puijvelde GHM, Florea BI, Slütter B, Foks AC, Bot I, Rensen PCN, Kuiper J. Immunoproteasomal Inhibition With ONX-0914 Attenuates Atherosclerosis and Reduces White Adipose Tissue Mass and Metabolic Syndrome in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024. [PMID: 38660806 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is the major underlying pathology of cardiovascular disease and is driven by dyslipidemia and inflammation. Inhibition of the immunoproteasome, a proteasome variant that is predominantly expressed by immune cells and plays an important role in antigen presentation, has been shown to have immunosuppressive effects. METHODS We assessed the effect of ONX-0914, an inhibitor of the immunoproteasomal catalytic subunits LMP7 (proteasome subunit β5i/large multifunctional peptidase 7) and LMP2 (proteasome subunit β1i/large multifunctional peptidase 2), on atherosclerosis and metabolism in LDLr-/- and APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice. RESULTS ONX-0914 treatment significantly reduced atherosclerosis, reduced dendritic cell and macrophage levels and their activation, as well as the levels of antigen-experienced T cells during early plaque formation, and Th1 cells in advanced atherosclerosis in young and aged mice in various immune compartments. Additionally, ONX-0914 treatment led to a strong reduction in white adipose tissue mass and adipocyte progenitors, which coincided with neutrophil and macrophage accumulation in white adipose tissue. ONX-0914 reduced intestinal triglyceride uptake and gastric emptying, likely contributing to the reduction in white adipose tissue mass, as ONX-0914 did not increase energy expenditure or reduce total food intake. Concomitant with the reduction in white adipose tissue mass upon ONX-0914 treatment, we observed improvements in markers of metabolic syndrome, including lowered plasma triglyceride levels, insulin levels, and fasting blood glucose. CONCLUSIONS We propose that immunoproteasomal inhibition reduces 3 major causes underlying cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and inflammation and is a new target in drug development for atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank H Schaftenaar
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, the Netherlands (F.H.S., M.A.C.D., J.d.M., J.A., H.D., M.M., M.J.K., P.J.v.S., M.N.A.B.K., G.H.M.v.P., B.S., A.C.F., I.B. J.K.)
| | - Andrea D van Dam
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (A.D.D., P.C.N.R.)
| | - Gerjan de Bruin
- Department of Chemical Biology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, the Netherlands (G.d.B., B.I.F.)
| | - Marie A C Depuydt
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, the Netherlands (F.H.S., M.A.C.D., J.d.M., J.A., H.D., M.M., M.J.K., P.J.v.S., M.N.A.B.K., G.H.M.v.P., B.S., A.C.F., I.B. J.K.)
| | - Jill de Mol
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, the Netherlands (F.H.S., M.A.C.D., J.d.M., J.A., H.D., M.M., M.J.K., P.J.v.S., M.N.A.B.K., G.H.M.v.P., B.S., A.C.F., I.B. J.K.)
| | - Jacob Amersfoort
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, the Netherlands (F.H.S., M.A.C.D., J.d.M., J.A., H.D., M.M., M.J.K., P.J.v.S., M.N.A.B.K., G.H.M.v.P., B.S., A.C.F., I.B. J.K.)
| | - Hidde Douna
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, the Netherlands (F.H.S., M.A.C.D., J.d.M., J.A., H.D., M.M., M.J.K., P.J.v.S., M.N.A.B.K., G.H.M.v.P., B.S., A.C.F., I.B. J.K.)
| | - Menno Meijer
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, the Netherlands (F.H.S., M.A.C.D., J.d.M., J.A., H.D., M.M., M.J.K., P.J.v.S., M.N.A.B.K., G.H.M.v.P., B.S., A.C.F., I.B. J.K.)
| | - Mara J Kröner
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, the Netherlands (F.H.S., M.A.C.D., J.d.M., J.A., H.D., M.M., M.J.K., P.J.v.S., M.N.A.B.K., G.H.M.v.P., B.S., A.C.F., I.B. J.K.)
| | - Peter J van Santbrink
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, the Netherlands (F.H.S., M.A.C.D., J.d.M., J.A., H.D., M.M., M.J.K., P.J.v.S., M.N.A.B.K., G.H.M.v.P., B.S., A.C.F., I.B. J.K.)
| | - Mireia N A Bernabé Kleijn
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, the Netherlands (F.H.S., M.A.C.D., J.d.M., J.A., H.D., M.M., M.J.K., P.J.v.S., M.N.A.B.K., G.H.M.v.P., B.S., A.C.F., I.B. J.K.)
| | - Gijs H M van Puijvelde
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, the Netherlands (F.H.S., M.A.C.D., J.d.M., J.A., H.D., M.M., M.J.K., P.J.v.S., M.N.A.B.K., G.H.M.v.P., B.S., A.C.F., I.B. J.K.)
| | - Bogdan I Florea
- Department of Chemical Biology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, the Netherlands (G.d.B., B.I.F.)
| | - Bram Slütter
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, the Netherlands (F.H.S., M.A.C.D., J.d.M., J.A., H.D., M.M., M.J.K., P.J.v.S., M.N.A.B.K., G.H.M.v.P., B.S., A.C.F., I.B. J.K.)
| | - Amanda C Foks
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, the Netherlands (F.H.S., M.A.C.D., J.d.M., J.A., H.D., M.M., M.J.K., P.J.v.S., M.N.A.B.K., G.H.M.v.P., B.S., A.C.F., I.B. J.K.)
| | - Ilze Bot
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, the Netherlands (F.H.S., M.A.C.D., J.d.M., J.A., H.D., M.M., M.J.K., P.J.v.S., M.N.A.B.K., G.H.M.v.P., B.S., A.C.F., I.B. J.K.)
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (A.D.D., P.C.N.R.)
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, the Netherlands (F.H.S., M.A.C.D., J.d.M., J.A., H.D., M.M., M.J.K., P.J.v.S., M.N.A.B.K., G.H.M.v.P., B.S., A.C.F., I.B. J.K.)
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de Jong MJM, Depuydt MAC, Schaftenaar FH, Liu K, Maters D, Wezel A, Smeets HJ, Kuiper J, Bot I, van Gisbergen K, Slütter B. Resident Memory T Cells in the Atherosclerotic Lesion Associate With Reduced Macrophage Content and Increased Lesion Stability. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024. [PMID: 38634281 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.320511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue resident memory T (TRM) cells are a T-cell subset that resides at the site of prior antigen recognition to protect the body against reoccurring encounters. Besides their protective function, TRM cells have also been implicated in inflammatory disorders. TRM cells are characterized by the expression of CD69 and transcription factors Hobit (homolog of Blimp-1 [B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1] in T cells) and Blimp-1. As the majority of T cells in the arterial intima expresses CD69, TRM cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis as well. Here, we aimed to assess the presence and potential role of TRM cells in atherosclerosis. METHODS To identify TRM cells in human atherosclerotic lesions, a single-cell RNA-sequencing data set was interrogated, and T-cell phenotypes were compared with that of integrated predefined TRM cells. The presence and phenotype of TRM in atherosclerotic lesions was corroborated using a mouse model that enabled tracking of Hobit-expressing TRM cells. To explore the function of TRM cells during atherogenesis, RAG1-/- (RAG1 deficient) LDLr-/- (low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout) mice received a bone marrow transplant from HobitKO/CREBlimp-1flox/flox mice, which exhibit abrogated TRM cell formation, whereafter the mice were fed a Western-type diet for 10 weeks. RESULTS Human atherosclerotic lesions contained T cells that exhibited a TRM cell-associated gene signature. Moreover, a fraction of these T cells clustered together with predefined TRM cells upon integration. The presence of Hobit-expressing TRM cells in the atherosclerotic lesion was confirmed in mice. These lesion-derived TRM cells were characterized by the expression of CD69 and CD49α. Moreover, we demonstrated that this small T-cell subset significantly affects lesion composition, by reducing the amount of intralesional macrophages and increasing collagen content. CONCLUSIONS TRM cells, characterized by the expression of CD69 and CD49α, constitute a minor population in atherosclerotic lesions and are associated with increased lesion stability in a Hobit and Blimp-1 knockout mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J M de Jong
- Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands (M.J.M.d.J., M.A.C.D., F.H.S., K.L., D.M., J.K., I.B., B.S.)
| | - M A C Depuydt
- Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands (M.J.M.d.J., M.A.C.D., F.H.S., K.L., D.M., J.K., I.B., B.S.)
| | - F H Schaftenaar
- Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands (M.J.M.d.J., M.A.C.D., F.H.S., K.L., D.M., J.K., I.B., B.S.)
| | - K Liu
- Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands (M.J.M.d.J., M.A.C.D., F.H.S., K.L., D.M., J.K., I.B., B.S.)
| | - D Maters
- Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands (M.J.M.d.J., M.A.C.D., F.H.S., K.L., D.M., J.K., I.B., B.S.)
| | - Anouk Wezel
- Department of Surgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands (A.W., H.J.S.)
| | - Harm J Smeets
- Department of Surgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands (A.W., H.J.S.)
| | - J Kuiper
- Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands (M.J.M.d.J., M.A.C.D., F.H.S., K.L., D.M., J.K., I.B., B.S.)
| | - I Bot
- Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands (M.J.M.d.J., M.A.C.D., F.H.S., K.L., D.M., J.K., I.B., B.S.)
| | - K van Gisbergen
- van Gisbergen Lab, Tissue Immunity, Champalimaud Research, Lisbon, Portugal (K.v.G.)
| | - B Slütter
- Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands (M.J.M.d.J., M.A.C.D., F.H.S., K.L., D.M., J.K., I.B., B.S.)
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de Jong MJM, Schaftenaar FH, Depuydt MAC, Lozano Vigario F, Janssen GMC, Peeters JAHM, Goncalves L, Wezel A, Smeets HJ, Kuiper J, Bot I, van Veelen P, Slütter B. Virus-Associated CD8 + T-Cells Are Not Activated Through Antigen-Mediated Interaction Inside Atherosclerotic Lesions. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024. [PMID: 38511327 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.320539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Viral infections have been associated with the progression of atherosclerosis and CD8+ T-cells directed against common viruses, such as influenza, Epstein-Barr virus, and cytomegalovirus, have been detected inside human atherosclerotic lesions. These virus-specific CD8+ T-cells have been hypothesized to contribute to the development of atherosclerosis; however, whether they affect disease progression directly remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to characterize the activation status of virus-specific CD8+ T-cells in the atherosclerotic lesion. METHODS The presence, clonality, tissue enrichment, and phenotype of virus-associated CD8+ T-cells in atherosclerotic lesions were assessed by exploiting bulk T-cell receptor-β sequencing and single-cell T-cell receptor (α and β) sequencing datasets on human endarterectomy samples and patient-matched blood samples. To investigate if virus-specific CD8+ T-cells can be activated through T-cell receptor stimulation in the atherosclerotic lesion, the immunopeptidome of human plaques was determined. RESULTS Virus-associated CD8+ T-cells accumulated more in the atherosclerotic lesion (mean=2.0%), compared with patient-matched blood samples (mean=1.4%; P=0.05), and were more clonally expanded and tissue enriched in the atherosclerotic lesion in comparison with nonassociated CD8+ T-cells from the lesion. Single-cell T-cell receptor sequencing and flow cytometry revealed that these virus-associated CD8+ T-cells were phenotypically highly similar to other CD8+ T-cells in the lesion and that both exhibited a more activated phenotype compared with circulating T-cells. Interestingly, virus-associated CD8+ T-cells are unlikely to be activated through antigen-specific interactions in the atherosclerotic lesion, as no virus-derived peptides were detected on HLA-I in the lesion. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that virus-specific CD8+ T-cells are tissue enriched in atherosclerotic lesions; however, their potential contribution to inflammation may involve antigen-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike J M de Jong
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, the Netherlands (M.J.M.J., F.H.S., M.A.C.D., F.L.V., J.K., I.B., B.S.)
| | - Frank H Schaftenaar
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, the Netherlands (M.J.M.J., F.H.S., M.A.C.D., F.L.V., J.K., I.B., B.S.)
| | - Marie A C Depuydt
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, the Netherlands (M.J.M.J., F.H.S., M.A.C.D., F.L.V., J.K., I.B., B.S.)
| | - Fernando Lozano Vigario
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, the Netherlands (M.J.M.J., F.H.S., M.A.C.D., F.L.V., J.K., I.B., B.S.)
| | - George M C Janssen
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics (G.M.C.J., P.v.V.)
| | - Judith A H M Peeters
- Department of Surgery, Haaglanden Medical Center - location Westeinde, Lijnbaan, The Hague, the Netherlands (J.A.H.M.P., L.G., A.W., H.J.S.)
| | - Lauren Goncalves
- Department of Surgery, Haaglanden Medical Center - location Westeinde, Lijnbaan, The Hague, the Netherlands (J.A.H.M.P., L.G., A.W., H.J.S.)
| | - Anouk Wezel
- Department of Surgery, Haaglanden Medical Center - location Westeinde, Lijnbaan, The Hague, the Netherlands (J.A.H.M.P., L.G., A.W., H.J.S.)
| | - Harm J Smeets
- Department of Surgery, Haaglanden Medical Center - location Westeinde, Lijnbaan, The Hague, the Netherlands (J.A.H.M.P., L.G., A.W., H.J.S.)
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, the Netherlands (M.J.M.J., F.H.S., M.A.C.D., F.L.V., J.K., I.B., B.S.)
| | - Ilze Bot
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, the Netherlands (M.J.M.J., F.H.S., M.A.C.D., F.L.V., J.K., I.B., B.S.)
| | - Peter van Veelen
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics (G.M.C.J., P.v.V.)
| | - Bram Slütter
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, the Netherlands (M.J.M.J., F.H.S., M.A.C.D., F.L.V., J.K., I.B., B.S.)
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van Strien J, Makurat M, Zeng Y, Olsthoorn R, Schneider GF, Slütter B, MacKay JA, Jiskoot W, Kros A. Noncovalent Conjugation of OVA323 to ELP Micelles Increases Immune Response. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:1027-1037. [PMID: 38166400 PMCID: PMC10865353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Subunit vaccines would benefit from a safe particle-based adjuvant. Elastin-like polypeptide (ELP)-based micelles are interesting candidate adjuvants due to their well-defined size and easy modification with protein-based cargo. Coiled coils can facilitate noncovalent modifications, while potentially enhancing antigen delivery through interaction with cell membranes. ELP micelles comprise ELP diblock copolymers that self-assemble above a critical micelle temperature. In this study, an amphiphilic ELP was conjugated to peptide "K", which forms a heterodimeric coiled-coil complex with peptide "E". Self-assembled "covalent" micelles containing ELP-OVA323 (i.e., model antigen OVA323 conjugated to ELP), "coiled-coil" micelles containing ELP-K/E-OVA323 and "hybrid" micelles containing ELP-K and ELP-OVA323 were shown to be monodisperse and spherical. Dendritic cells (DCs) were exposed to all micelle compositions, and T-cell proliferation was investigated. The presence of ELP-K enhanced micelle uptake and subsequent DC maturation, resulting in enhanced CD4+ T-cell proliferation, which makes ELPs with coiled coil-associated antigens a promising vaccine platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolinde van Strien
- Department
of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of
Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Max Makurat
- Department
of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of
Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ye Zeng
- Department
of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of
Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - René Olsthoorn
- Department
of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of
Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gregory F. Schneider
- Department
of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of
Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bram Slütter
- Department
of BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J. Andrew MacKay
- Department
of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alfred E. Mann School
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90089-9121, United States
| | - Wim Jiskoot
- Department
of BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Kros
- Department
of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of
Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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7
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Escalona-Rayo O, Papadopoulou P, Slütter B, Kros A. Biological recognition and cellular trafficking of targeted RNA-lipid nanoparticles. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 85:103041. [PMID: 38154322 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.103041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have unlocked the potential of ribonucleic acid (RNA) therapeutics and vaccines. Production and large-scale manufacturing methods for RNA-LNPs have been established and rapidly accelerate. Despite this, basic research on LNPs is still required, due to their high assembly complexity and fairly new development, including research on lipid organization, transfection optimization, and in vivo behavior. Understanding fundamental aspects of LNPs that is, how lipid composition and physicochemical properties affect their biodistribution, cell recognition, and transfection, could propel their clinical development and facilitate overcoming current challenges. Herein, we review recent developments in the field of LNP technology and summarize the main findings focusing on nano-bio interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Escalona-Rayo
- Department of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Panagiota Papadopoulou
- Department of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bram Slütter
- Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander Kros
- Department of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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8
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Lee J, Neustrup MA, Slütter B, O'Mahony C, Bouwstra JA, van der Maaden K. Intradermal Vaccination with PLGA Nanoparticles via Dissolving Microneedles and Classical Injection Needles. Pharm Res 2024; 41:305-319. [PMID: 38332390 PMCID: PMC10879229 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-024-03665-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE A dissolving microneedle array (dMNA) is a vaccine delivery device with several advantages over conventional needles. By incorporating particulate adjuvants in the form of poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) into the dMNA, the immune response against the antigen might be enhanced. This study aimed to prepare PLGA-NP-loaded dMNA and to compare T-cell responses induced by either intradermally injected aqueous-PLGA-NP formulation or PLGA-NP-loaded dMNA in mice. METHODS PLGA NPs were prepared with microfluidics, and their physicochemical characteristics with regard to encapsulation efficiencies of ovalbumin (OVA) and CpG oligonucleotide (CpG), zeta potentials, polydispersity indexes, and sizes were analysed. PLGA NPs incorporated dMNA was produced with three different dMNA formulations by using the centrifugation method, and the integrity of PLGA NPs in dMNAs was evaluated. The immunogenicity was evaluated in mice by comparing the T-cell responses induced by dMNA and aqueous formulations containing ovalbumin and CpG (OVA/CpG) with and without PLGA NP. RESULTS Prepared PLGA NPs had a size of around 100 nm. The dMNA formulations affected the particle integrity, and the dMNA with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) showed almost no aggregation of PLGA NPs. The PLGA:PVA weight ratio of 1:9 resulted in 100% of penetration efficiency and the fastest dissolution in ex-vivo human skin (< 30 min). The aqueous formulation with soluble OVA/CpG and the aqueous-PLGA-NP formulation with OVA/CpG induced the highest CD4 + T-cell responses in blood and spleen cells. CONCLUSIONS PLGA NPs incorporated dMNA was successfully fabricated and the aqueous formulation containing PLGA NPs induce superior CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihui Lee
- Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Malene A Neustrup
- Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bram Slütter
- Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Conor O'Mahony
- Tyndall National Institute, Lee Maltings, Prospect Row, Cork, Ireland
| | - Joke A Bouwstra
- Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Koen van der Maaden
- Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333CC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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9
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Escalona-Rayo O, Zeng Y, Knol RA, Kock TJF, Aschmann D, Slütter B, Kros A. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of clinically-approved ionizable cationic lipids shows divergent results between mRNA transfection and vaccine efficacy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115065. [PMID: 37406506 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizable cationic lipids (ICLs) play an essential role in the effectiveness of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for delivery of mRNA therapeutics and vaccines; therefore, critical evaluations of their biological performance would extend the existing knowledge in the field. In the present study, we examined the effects of the three clinically-approved ICLs, Dlin-MC3-DMA, ALC-0315 and SM-102, as well as DODAP, on the in vitro and in vivo performance of LNPs for mRNA delivery and vaccine efficacy. mRNA-LNPs containing these lipids were successfully prepared, which were all found to be very similar in their physicochemical properties and mRNA encapsulation efficiencies. Furthermore, the results of the in vitro studies indicated that these mRNA-LNPs were efficiently taken up by immortalized and primary immune cells with comparable efficiency; however, SM-102-based LNPs were superior in inducing protein expression and antigen-specific T cell proliferation. In contrast, in vivo studies revealed that LNPs containing ALC-0315 and SM-102 yielded almost identical protein expression levels in zebrafish embryos, which were significantly higher than Dlin-MC3-DMA-based LNPs. Additionally, a mouse immunization study demonstrated that a single-dose subcutaneous administration of the mRNA-LNPs resulted in a high production of intracellular cytokines by antigen-specific T cells, but no significant differences among the three clinically-approved ICLs were observed, suggesting a weak correlation between in vitro and in vivo outcomes. This study provides strong evidence that ICLs modulate the performance of mRNA-LNPs and that in vitro data does not adequately predict their behavior in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Escalona-Rayo
- Department of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ye Zeng
- Department of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Renzo A Knol
- Department of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas J F Kock
- Department of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis Aschmann
- Department of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bram Slütter
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Alexander Kros
- Department of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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10
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Bauer T, Alberg I, Zengerling LA, Besenius P, Koynov K, Slütter B, Zentel R, Que I, Zhang H, Barz M. Tuning the Cross-Linking Density and Cross-Linker in Core Cross-Linked Polymeric Micelles and Its Effects on the Particle Stability in Human Blood Plasma and Mice. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:3545-3556. [PMID: 37449781 PMCID: PMC10428167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Core cross-linked polymeric micelles (CCPMs) are designed to improve the therapeutic profile of hydrophobic drugs, reduce or completely avoid protein corona formation, and offer prolonged circulation times, a prerequisite for passive or active targeting. In this study, we tuned the CCPM stability by using bifunctional or trifunctional cross-linkers and varying the cross-linkable polymer block length. For CCPMs, amphiphilic thiol-reactive polypept(o)ides of polysarcosine-block-poly(S-ethylsulfonyl-l-cysteine) [pSar-b-pCys(SO2Et)] were employed. While the pCys(SO2Et) chain lengths varied from Xn = 17 to 30, bivalent (derivatives of dihydrolipoic acid) and trivalent (sarcosine/cysteine pentapeptide) cross-linkers have been applied. Asymmetrical flow field-flow fraction (AF4) displayed the absence of aggregates in human plasma, yet for non-cross-linked PM and CCPMs cross-linked with dihydrolipoic acid at [pCys(SO2Et)]17, increasing the cross-linking density or the pCys(SO2Et) chain lengths led to stable CCPMs. Interestingly, circulation time and biodistribution in mice of non-cross-linked and bivalently cross-linked CCPMs are comparable, while the trivalent peptide cross-linkers enhance the circulation half-life from 11 to 19 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias
A. Bauer
- Leiden
Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Irina Alberg
- Department
of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University
Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lydia A. Zengerling
- Department
of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University
Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Pol Besenius
- Department
of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University
Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kaloian Koynov
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Bram Slütter
- Leiden
Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rudolf Zentel
- Department
of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University
Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ivo Que
- Translational
Nanobiomaterials and Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333
ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Heyang Zhang
- Leiden
Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Barz
- Leiden
Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department
of Dermatology, University Medical Center
of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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11
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Nagy NA, Lozano Vigario F, Sparrius R, van Capel TMM, van Ree R, Tas SW, de Vries IJM, Geijtenbeek TBH, Slütter B, de Jong EC. Liposomes loaded with vitamin D3 induce regulatory circuits in human dendritic cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1137538. [PMID: 37359530 PMCID: PMC10288978 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1137538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nanomedicine provides a promising platform for manipulating dendritic cells (DCs) and the ensuing adaptive immune response. For the induction of regulatory responses, DCs can be targeted in vivo with nanoparticles incorporating tolerogenic adjuvants and auto-antigens or allergens. Methods Here, we investigated the tolerogenic effect of different liposome formulations loaded with vitamin D3 (VD3). We extensively phenotyped monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) and skin DCs and assessed DC-induced regulatory CD4+ T cells in coculture. Results Liposomal VD3 primed-moDCs induced the development of regulatory CD4+ T cells (Tregs) that inhibited bystander memory T cell proliferation. Induced Tregs were of the FoxP3+ CD127low phenotype, also expressing TIGIT. Additionally, liposome-VD3 primed moDCs inhibited the development of T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells. Skin injection of VD3 liposomes selectively stimulated the migration of CD14+ skin DCs. Discussion These results suggest that nanoparticulate VD3 is a tolerogenic tool for DC-mediated induction of regulatory T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémi Anna Nagy
- Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra (UMC), Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Rinske Sparrius
- Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra (UMC), Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Toni M. M. van Capel
- Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra (UMC), Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ronald van Ree
- Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra (UMC), Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra (UMC), Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sander W. Tas
- Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra (UMC), Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra (UMC), Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - I. Jolanda M. de Vries
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Teunis B. H. Geijtenbeek
- Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra (UMC), Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bram Slütter
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Esther C. de Jong
- Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra (UMC), Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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12
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Abstract
The induction of a potent T cell response is essential for successful tumor immunotherapy and protection against many infectious diseases. In the past few years, mRNA vaccines have emerged as potent immune activators and inducers of a robust T cell immune response. The recent approval of the Moderna and the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccines based on lipid nanoparticles (LNP) encapsulating antigen-encoding mRNA has revolutionized the field of vaccines. The advantages of LNPs are their ease of design and formulation resulting in potent, effective, and safe vaccines. However, there is still plenty of room for improvement with respect to LNP efficacy, for instance, by optimizing the lipid composition and tuning LNP for specific purposes. mRNA delivery is known to be strongly dependent on the lipid composition of LNPs and the efficiency is mainly determined by the ionizable lipids. Besides that, cholesterol and helper lipids also play important roles in mRNA transfection potency. Here, a panel of LNP formulations was studied by keeping the ionizable lipids constant, replacing cholesterol with β-sitosterol, and changing the fusogenic helper lipid DOPE content. We studied the ability of this LNP library to induce antigen presentation and T cell proliferation to identify superior LNP candidates eliciting potent T cell immune responses. We hypothesize that using β-sitosterol and increasing DOPE content would boost the mRNA transfection on immune cells and result in enhanced immune responses. Transfection of immortal immune cell lines and bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDCs) with LNPs was studied. Delivery of mRNA coding for the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA-mRNA) to BMDCs with a number of LNP formulations, resulted in a high level of activation, as evidenced by the upregulation of the co-stimulatory receptors (CD40 and CD86) and IL-12 in BMDCs. The enhancement of BMDC activation and T cell proliferation induced by the introduction of β-sitosterol and fusogenic DOPE lipids were cell dependent. Four LNP formulations (C12-200-cho-10%DOPE, C12-200-sito-10%DOPE, cKK-E12-cho-10%DOPE and cKK-E12-sito-30%DOPE) were identified that induced robust T cell proliferation and enhanced IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2 expression. These results demonstrate that T cell proliferation is strongly dependent on LNP composition and promising LNP-mRNA vaccine formulations were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zeng
- Department of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, The Netherlands.
| | - Oscar Escalona-Rayo
- Department of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, The Netherlands.
| | - Renzo Knol
- Department of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, The Netherlands.
| | - Alexander Kros
- Department of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, The Netherlands.
| | - Bram Slütter
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Biotherapeutics, Leiden University, The Netherlands.
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13
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Depuydt MAC, Schaftenaar FH, Prange KHM, Boltjes A, Hemme E, Delfos L, de Mol J, de Jong MJM, Bernabé Kleijn MNA, Peeters JAHM, Goncalves L, Wezel A, Smeets HJ, de Borst GJ, Foks AC, Pasterkamp G, de Winther MPJ, Kuiper J, Bot I, Slütter B. Single-cell T cell receptor sequencing of paired human atherosclerotic plaques and blood reveals autoimmune-like features of expanded effector T cells. Nat Cardiovasc Res 2023; 2:112-125. [PMID: 38665903 PMCID: PMC11041750 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00208-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a lipid-driven chronic inflammatory disease; however, whether it can be classified as an autoimmune disease remains unclear. In this study, we applied single-cell T cell receptor seqencing (scTCR-seq) on human carotid artery plaques and matched peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples to assess the extent of TCR clonality and antigen-specific activation within the various T cell subsets. We observed the highest degree of plaque-specific clonal expansion in effector CD4+ T cells, and these clonally expanded T cells expressed genes such as CD69, FOS and FOSB, indicative of recent TCR engagement, suggesting antigen-specific stimulation. CellChat analysis suggested multiple potential interactions of these effector CD4+ T cells with foam cells. Finally, we integrated a published scTCR-seq dataset of the autoimmune disease psoriatic arthritis, and we report various commonalities between the two diseases. In conclusion, our data suggest that atherosclerosis has an autoimmune compondent driven by autoreactive CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie A. C. Depuydt
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Frank H. Schaftenaar
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Koen H. M. Prange
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arjan Boltjes
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Esmeralda Hemme
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lucie Delfos
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jill de Mol
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Maaike J. M. de Jong
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mireia N. A. Bernabé Kleijn
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Lauren Goncalves
- Department of Surgery, Haaglanden Medisch Centrum Westeinde, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Anouk Wezel
- Department of Surgery, Haaglanden Medisch Centrum Westeinde, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Harm J. Smeets
- Department of Surgery, Haaglanden Medisch Centrum Westeinde, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Gert J. de Borst
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Amanda C. Foks
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Menno P. J. de Winther
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ilze Bot
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bram Slütter
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
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14
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Warmenhoven H, Leboux R, Bethanis A, van Strien J, Logiantara A, van Schijndel H, Aglas L, van Rijt L, Slütter B, Kros A, Jiskoot W, van Ree R. Cationic liposomes bearing Bet v 1 by coiled coil-formation are hypo-allergenic and induce strong immunogenicity in mice. Front Allergy 2023; 3:1092262. [PMID: 36704756 PMCID: PMC9872006 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.1092262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although aluminum hydroxide (alum) is widely accepted and used as safe vaccine adjuvant, there is some concern about possible toxicity upon long-lasting repeated exposure during subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy (SCIT). Our objective was to evaluate allergen-bearing liposomes as possible alternative for alum-adsorption in SCIT. A self-assembling, coiled-coil forming peptide pair was used to anchor the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 to the surface of cationic liposomes. The resulting nanoparticulate liposomes were characterized with respect to their physicochemical, allergenic and immunological properties. Allergenicity was studied by ImmunoCAP inhibition and rat basophil leukemia (RBL) cell assays. Immunogenicity (immunoglobulin responses) and immune skewing (cytokine responses) were evaluated upon immunization of naïve mice, and compared to alum-adsorbed Bet v 1. Bet v 1-bearing cationic liposomes with a diameter of ∼200 nm showed a positive zeta potential. The coiled-coil conjugation of Bet v 1 to the surface of liposomes resulted in about a 15-fold lower allergenicity than soluble Bet v 1 as judged by RBL assays. Moreover, the nanoparticles induced Bet v 1-specific IgG1/IgG2a responses in mice that were several orders of magnitude higher than those induced by alum-adsorbed Bet v 1. This strong humoral response was accompanied by a relatively strong IL-10 induction upon PBMC stimulation with Bet v 1. In conclusion, their hypo-allergenic properties, combined with their capacity to induce a strong humoral immune response and a relatively strong IL-10 production, makes these allergen-covered cationic liposomes a promising alternative for aluminum salt-adsorption of allergen currently used in SCIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Warmenhoven
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- HAL Allergy BV, J.H. Oortweg, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Romain Leboux
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Jolinde van Strien
- Department of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Adrian Logiantara
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Lorenz Aglas
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Leonie van Rijt
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bram Slütter
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Alexander Kros
- Department of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Wim Jiskoot
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ronald van Ree
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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15
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Guzelj S, Weiss M, Slütter B, Frkanec R, Jakopin Ž. Covalently Conjugated NOD2/TLR7 Agonists Are Potent and Versatile Immune Potentiators. J Med Chem 2022; 65:15085-15101. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samo Guzelj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Weiss
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bram Slütter
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ruža Frkanec
- Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Žiga Jakopin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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16
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Egorova EA, Lamers GEM, Monikh FA, Boyle AL, Slütter B, Kros A. Gold nanoparticles decorated with ovalbumin-derived epitopes: effect of shape and size on T-cell immune responses. RSC Adv 2022; 12:19703-19716. [PMID: 35865201 PMCID: PMC9260517 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03027f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) can be manufactured in various shapes, and their size is programmable, which permits the study of the effects imposed by these parameters on biological processes. However, there is currently no clear evidence that a certain shape or size is beneficial. To address this issue, we have utilised GNPs and gold nanorods (GNRs) functionalised with model epitopes derived from chicken ovalbumin (OVA257-264 and OVA323-339). By using two distinct epitopes, it was possible to draw conclusions regarding the impact of nanoparticle shape and size on different aspects of the immune response. Our findings indicate that the peptide amphiphile-coated GNPs and GNRs are a safe and versatile epitope-presenting system. Smaller GNPs (∼15 nm in diameter) induce significantly less intense T-cell responses. Furthermore, effective antigen presentation via MHC-I was observed for larger spherical particles (∼40 nm in diameter), and to a lesser extent for rod-like particles (40 by 15 nm). At the same time, antigen presentation via MHC-II strongly correlated with the cellular uptake, with smaller GNPs being the least efficient. We believe these findings will have implications for vaccine development, and lead to a better understanding of cellular uptake and antigen egress from lysosomes into the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Egorova
- Department of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University The Netherlands
| | - Gerda E M Lamers
- Core Facility Microscopy, Institute of Biology, Leiden University The Netherlands
| | - Fazel Abdolahpur Monikh
- Environmental Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University The Netherlands
| | - Aimee L Boyle
- Macromolecular Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University The Netherlands
| | - Bram Slütter
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Biotherapeutics, Leiden University The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Kros
- Department of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University The Netherlands
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17
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Vigario FL, Nagy NA, The MH, Sparrius R, Bouwstra JA, Kros A, Jiskoot W, de Jong EC, Slütter B. THE USE OF A STAGGERED HERRINGBONE MICROMIXER FOR THE PREPARATION OF RIGID LIPOSOMAL FORMULATIONS ALLOWS EFFICIENT ENCAPSULATION OF ANTIGEN AND ADJUVANT. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:1050-1057. [PMID: 35114210 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Anionic liposomal formulations have previously shown to have intrinsic tolerogenic capacity and these properties have been related to the rigidity of the particles. The combination of highly rigid anionic liposomes to deliver tolerogenic adjuvants and antigen peptides has potential applications for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, the preparation of these highly rigid anionic liposomes using traditional methods such as lipid film hydration presents problems in terms of scalability and loading efficiency of some costly tolerogenic adjuvants like 1-α,25-dihydroxyvitaminD3. Here we propose the use of an off-the-shelf staggered herringbone micromixer for the preparation of these formulations and performed a systematic study on the effect of temperature and flow conditions on the size and polydispersity index of the formulations. Furthermore, we show that the system allows for the encapsulations of a wide variety of peptides and significantly higher loading efficiency of 1-α,25-dihydroxyvitaminD3 compared to the traditional lipid film hydration method, without compromising their non-inflammatory interaction with dendritic cells. Therefore, the microfluidics method presented here is a valuable tool for the preparation of highly rigid tolerogenic liposomes in a fast, size-tuneable and scalable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lozano Vigario
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - N A Nagy
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M H The
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - R Sparrius
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J A Bouwstra
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - A Kros
- Department of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - W Jiskoot
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - E C de Jong
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - B Slütter
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, The Netherlands.
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18
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Nagy NA, Castenmiller C, Vigario FL, Sparrius R, van Capel TM, de Haas AM, van Kooyk Y, van Ree R, Tas SW, Geijtenbeek TB, Jiskoot W, Slütter B, de Jong EC. Uptake Kinetics of Liposomal Formulations of Differing Charge Influences Development of In Vivo Dendritic Cell Immunotherapy. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:1081-1091. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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van Duijn J, de Jong MJM, Benne N, Leboux RJT, van Ooijen ME, Kruit N, Foks AC, Jiskoot W, Bot I, Kuiper J, Slütter B. Tc17 CD8+ T cells accumulate in murine atherosclerotic lesions, but do not contribute to early atherosclerosis development. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:2755-2766. [PMID: 33063097 PMCID: PMC8683708 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS CD8+ T cells can differentiate into subpopulations that are characterized by a specific cytokine profile, such as the Tc17 population that produces interleukin-17. The role of this CD8+ T-cell subset in atherosclerosis remains elusive. In this study, we therefore investigated the contribution of Tc17 cells to the development of atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Flow cytometry analysis of atherosclerotic lesions from apolipoprotein E-deficient mice revealed a pronounced increase in RORγt+CD8+ T cells compared to the spleen, indicating a lesion-specific increase in Tc17 cells. To study whether and how the Tc17 subset affects atherosclerosis, we performed an adoptive transfer of Tc17 cells or undifferentiated Tc0 cells into CD8-/- low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice fed a Western-type diet. Using flow cytometry, we showed that Tc17 cells retained a high level of interleukin-17A production in vivo. Moreover, Tc17 cells produced lower levels of interferon-γ than their Tc0 counterparts. Analysis of the aortic root revealed that the transfer of Tc17 cells did not increase atherosclerotic lesion size, in contrast to Tc0-treated mice. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate a lesion-localized increase in Tc17 cells in an atherosclerotic mouse model. Tc17 cells appeared to be non-atherogenic, in contrast to their Tc0 counterpart.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Aorta/immunology
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Aortic Diseases/immunology
- Aortic Diseases/metabolism
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/immunology
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/transplantation
- Cell Differentiation
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-17/immunology
- Interleukin-17/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/immunology
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Signal Transduction
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine van Duijn
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Room EE1.17, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike J M de Jong
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Room EE1.17, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Naomi Benne
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Room EE1.17, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Romain J T Leboux
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Room EE1.17, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke E van Ooijen
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Room EE1.17, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nicky Kruit
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Room EE1.17, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda C Foks
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Room EE1.17, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Jiskoot
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Room EE1.17, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ilze Bot
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Room EE1.17, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Room EE1.17, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bram Slütter
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Room EE1.17, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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20
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Guzelj S, Nabergoj S, Gobec M, Pajk S, Klančič V, Slütter B, Frkanec R, Štimac A, Šket P, Plavec J, Mlinarič-Raščan I, Jakopin Ž. Structural Fine-Tuning of Desmuramylpeptide NOD2 Agonists Defines Their In Vivo Adjuvant Activity. J Med Chem 2021; 64:7809-7838. [PMID: 34043358 PMCID: PMC8279416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We
report on the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of
a series of nucleotide-binding oligomerization-domain-containing protein
2 (NOD2) desmuramylpeptide agonists with improved in vitro and in vivo adjuvant properties. We identified
two promising compounds: 68, a potent nanomolar in vitro NOD2 agonist, and the more lipophilic 75, which shows superior adjuvant activity in vivo. Both compounds had immunostimulatory effects on peripheral blood
mononuclear cells at the protein and transcriptional levels, and augmented
dendritic-cell-mediated activation of T cells, while 75 additionally enhanced the cytotoxic activity of peripheral blood
mononuclear cells against malignant cells. The C18 lipophilic
tail of 75 is identified as a pivotal structural element
that confers in vivo adjuvant activity in conjunction
with a liposomal delivery system. Accordingly, liposome-encapsulated 75 showed promising adjuvant activity in mice, surpassing
that of muramyl dipeptide, while achieving a more balanced Th1/Th2
immune response, thus highlighting its potential as a vaccine adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samo Guzelj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sanja Nabergoj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martina Gobec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stane Pajk
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Veronika Klančič
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bram Slütter
- Div. BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ruža Frkanec
- Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Adela Štimac
- Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Primož Šket
- Slovenian NMR Centre, National Institute of Chemistry, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Plavec
- Slovenian NMR Centre, National Institute of Chemistry, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Žiga Jakopin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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21
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Amersfoort J, Schaftenaar FH, Douna H, van Santbrink PJ, van Puijvelde GHM, Slütter B, Foks AC, Harms A, Moreno-Gordaliza E, Wang Y, Hankemeier T, Bot I, Chi H, Kuiper J. Diet-induced dyslipidemia induces metabolic and migratory adaptations in regulatory T cells. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:1309-1324. [PMID: 32653923 PMCID: PMC8064436 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS A hallmark of advanced atherosclerosis is inadequate immunosuppression by regulatory T (Treg) cells inside atherosclerotic lesions. Dyslipidemia has been suggested to alter Treg cell migration by affecting the expression of specific membrane proteins, thereby decreasing Treg cell migration towards atherosclerotic lesions. Besides membrane proteins, cellular metabolism has been shown to be a crucial factor in Treg cell migration. We aimed to determine whether dyslipidemia contributes to altered migration of Treg cells, in part, by affecting cellular metabolism. METHODS AND RESULTS Dyslipidemia was induced by feeding Ldlr-/- mice a western-type diet for 16-20 weeks and intrinsic changes in Treg cells affecting their migration and metabolism were examined. Dyslipidemia was associated with altered mTORC2 signalling in Treg cells, decreased expression of membrane proteins involved in migration, including CD62L, CCR7, and S1Pr1, and decreased Treg cell migration towards lymph nodes. Furthermore, we discovered that diet-induced dyslipidemia inhibited mTORC1 signalling, induced PPARδ activation and increased fatty acid (FA) oxidation in Treg cells. Moreover, mass-spectrometry analysis of serum from Ldlr-/- mice with normolipidemia or dyslipidemia showed increases in multiple PPARδ ligands during dyslipidemia. Treatment with a synthetic PPARδ agonist increased the migratory capacity of Treg cells in vitro and in vivo in an FA oxidation-dependent manner. Furthermore, diet-induced dyslipidemia actually enhanced Treg cell migration into the inflamed peritoneum and into atherosclerotic lesions in vitro. CONCLUSION Altogether, our findings implicate that dyslipidemia does not contribute to atherosclerosis by impairing Treg cell migration as dyslipidemia associated with an effector-like migratory phenotype in Treg cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/immunology
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Coculture Techniques
- Diet, High-Fat
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dyslipidemias/genetics
- Dyslipidemias/immunology
- Dyslipidemias/metabolism
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- Fatty Acids/metabolism
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Inflammation/pathology
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1/metabolism
- Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2/metabolism
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Oxidation-Reduction
- PPAR gamma/agonists
- PPAR gamma/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Receptors, LDL/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Thiazoles/pharmacology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Amersfoort
- Division of BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frank H Schaftenaar
- Division of BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hidde Douna
- Division of BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J van Santbrink
- Division of BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs H M van Puijvelde
- Division of BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bram Slütter
- Division of BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda C Foks
- Division of BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Amy Harms
- Division of Biomedicine and Systems Pharmacology, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Division of Biomedicine and Systems Pharmacology, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ilze Bot
- Division of BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Division of BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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22
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Leboux RJT, Benne N, van Os WL, Bussmann J, Kros A, Jiskoot W, Slütter B. High-affinity antigen association to cationic liposomes via coiled coil-forming peptides induces a strong antigen-specific CD4 + T-cell response. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 158:96-105. [PMID: 33188929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes are widely investigated as vaccine delivery systems, but antigen loading efficiency can be low. Moreover, adsorbed antigen may rapidly desorb under physiological conditions. Encapsulation of antigens overcomes the latter problem but results in significant antigen loss during preparation and purification of the liposomes. Here, we propose an alternative attachment method, based on a complementary heterodimeric coiled coil peptide pair pepK and pepE. PepK was conjugated to cholesterol (yielding CPK) and pepE was covalently linked to model antigen OVA323 (yielding pepE-OVA323). CPK was incorporated in the lipid bilayer of cationic liposomes (180 nm in size). Antigen was associated more efficiently to functionalized liposomes (Kd 166 nM) than to cationic liposomes (Kd not detectable). In vivo co-localization of antigen and liposomes was strongly increased upon CPK-functionalization (35% -> 80%). CPK-functionalized liposomes induced 5-fold stronger CD4+ T-cell proliferation than non-functionalized liposomes in vitro. Both formulations were able to induce strong CD4+ T-cell expansion in mice, but more IFN-y and IL-10 production was observed after immunization with functionalized liposomes. In conclusion, antigen association via coiled coil peptide pair increased co-localization of antigen and liposomes, increased CD4+ T-cell proliferation in vitro and induced a stronger CD4+ T-cell response in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J T Leboux
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - N Benne
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - W L van Os
- Div. of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J Bussmann
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - A Kros
- Div. of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - W Jiskoot
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - B Slütter
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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23
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Depuydt MA, Prange KH, Slenders L, Örd T, Elbersen D, Boltjes A, de Jager SC, Asselbergs FW, de Borst GJ, Aavik E, Lönnberg T, Lutgens E, Glass CK, den Ruijter HM, Kaikkonen MU, Bot I, Slütter B, van der Laan SW, Yla-Herttuala S, Mokry M, Kuiper J, de Winther MP, Pasterkamp G. Microanatomy of the Human Atherosclerotic Plaque by Single-Cell Transcriptomics. Circ Res 2020; 127:1437-1455. [PMID: 32981416 PMCID: PMC7641189 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.316770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Atherosclerotic lesions are known for their cellular heterogeneity, yet the molecular complexity within the cells of human plaques has not been fully assessed. OBJECTIVE Using single-cell transcriptomics and chromatin accessibility, we gained a better understanding of the pathophysiology underlying human atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed single-cell RNA and single-cell ATAC sequencing on human carotid atherosclerotic plaques to define the cells at play and determine their transcriptomic and epigenomic characteristics. We identified 14 distinct cell populations including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, mast cells, B cells, myeloid cells, and T cells and identified multiple cellular activation states and suggested cellular interconversions. Within the endothelial cell population, we defined subsets with angiogenic capacity plus clear signs of endothelial to mesenchymal transition. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells showed activation-based subclasses, each with a gradual decline from a cytotoxic to a more quiescent phenotype. Myeloid cells included 2 populations of proinflammatory macrophages showing IL (interleukin) 1B or TNF (tumor necrosis factor) expression as well as a foam cell-like population expressing TREM2 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2) and displaying a fibrosis-promoting phenotype. ATACseq data identified specific transcription factors associated with the myeloid subpopulation and T cell cytokine profiles underlying mutual activation between both cell types. Finally, cardiovascular disease susceptibility genes identified using public genome-wide association studies data were particularly enriched in lesional macrophages, endothelial, and smooth muscle cells. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a transcriptome-based cellular landscape of human atherosclerotic plaques and highlights cellular plasticity and intercellular communication at the site of disease. This detailed definition of cell communities at play in atherosclerosis will facilitate cell-based mapping of novel interventional targets with direct functional relevance for the treatment of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie A.C. Depuydt
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, the Netherlands (M.A.C.D., I.B., B.S., J.K.)
| | - Koen H.M. Prange
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers–Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Meibergdreef 9, the Netherlands (K.H.M.P., M.P.J.d.W.)
| | - Lotte Slenders
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, the Netherlands (L.S., A.B., F.W.A., S.W.v.d.L., M.M., G.P.)
| | - Tiit Örd
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (T.O., E.A., M.U.K., S.Y.-H.)
| | - Danny Elbersen
- Laboratory for Experimental Cardiology (D.E., S.C.A.d.J), University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, the Netherlands
| | - Arjan Boltjes
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, the Netherlands (L.S., A.B., F.W.A., S.W.v.d.L., M.M., G.P.)
| | - Saskia C.A. de Jager
- Laboratory for Experimental Cardiology (D.E., S.C.A.d.J), University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, the Netherlands
| | - Folkert W. Asselbergs
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, the Netherlands (L.S., A.B., F.W.A., S.W.v.d.L., M.M., G.P.)
| | - Gert J. de Borst
- Vascular Surgery (G.J.d.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, the Netherlands
| | - Einari Aavik
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (T.O., E.A., M.U.K., S.Y.-H.)
| | - Tapio Lönnberg
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Finland (T.L.)
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Munich, Germany (E.L., M.P.J.d.W.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (E.L., M.P.J.d.W.)
| | - Christopher K. Glass
- Cell and Molecular Medicine (C.K.G.), University of California San Diego, CA
- School of Medicine (C.K.G.), University of California San Diego, CA
| | - Hester M. den Ruijter
- Cardiology (H.M.d.R., M.M.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, the Netherlands
| | - Minna U. Kaikkonen
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (T.O., E.A., M.U.K., S.Y.-H.)
| | - Ilze Bot
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, the Netherlands (M.A.C.D., I.B., B.S., J.K.)
| | - Bram Slütter
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, the Netherlands (M.A.C.D., I.B., B.S., J.K.)
| | - Sander W. van der Laan
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, the Netherlands (L.S., A.B., F.W.A., S.W.v.d.L., M.M., G.P.)
| | - Seppo Yla-Herttuala
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (T.O., E.A., M.U.K., S.Y.-H.)
| | - Michal Mokry
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, the Netherlands (L.S., A.B., F.W.A., S.W.v.d.L., M.M., G.P.)
- Cardiology (H.M.d.R., M.M.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, the Netherlands
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, the Netherlands (M.A.C.D., I.B., B.S., J.K.)
| | - Menno P.J. de Winther
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers–Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Meibergdreef 9, the Netherlands (K.H.M.P., M.P.J.d.W.)
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Munich, Germany (E.L., M.P.J.d.W.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (E.L., M.P.J.d.W.)
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, the Netherlands (L.S., A.B., F.W.A., S.W.v.d.L., M.M., G.P.)
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24
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Seijkens TTP, Poels K, Meiler S, van Tiel CM, Kusters PJH, Reiche M, Atzler D, Winkels H, Tjwa M, Poelman H, Slütter B, Kuiper J, Gijbels M, Kuivenhoven JA, Matic LP, Paulsson-Berne G, Hedin U, Hansson GK, Nicolaes GAF, Daemen MJAP, Weber C, Gerdes N, de Winther MPJ, Lutgens E. Deficiency of the T cell regulator Casitas B-cell lymphoma-B aggravates atherosclerosis by inducing CD8+ T cell-mediated macrophage death. Eur Heart J 2020; 40:372-382. [PMID: 30452556 PMCID: PMC6340101 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The E3-ligase CBL-B (Casitas B-cell lymphoma-B) is an important negative regulator of T cell activation that is also expressed in macrophages. T cells and macrophages mediate atherosclerosis, but their regulation in this disease remains largely unknown; thus, we studied the function of CBL-B in atherogenesis. Methods and results The expression of CBL-B in human atherosclerotic plaques was lower in advanced lesions compared with initial lesions and correlated inversely with necrotic core area. Twenty weeks old Cblb−/−Apoe−/− mice showed a significant increase in plaque area in the aortic arch, where initial plaques were present. In the aortic root, a site containing advanced plaques, lesion area rose by 40%, accompanied by a dramatic change in plaque phenotype. Plaques contained fewer macrophages due to increased apoptosis, larger necrotic cores, and more CD8+ T cells. Cblb−/−Apoe−/− macrophages exhibited enhanced migration and increased cytokine production and lipid uptake. Casitas B-cell lymphoma-B deficiency increased CD8+ T cell numbers, which were protected against apoptosis and regulatory T cell-mediated suppression. IFNγ and granzyme B production was enhanced in Cblb−/−Apoe−/− CD8+ T cells, which provoked macrophage killing. Depletion of CD8+ T cells in Cblb−/−Apoe−/− bone marrow chimeras rescued the phenotype, indicating that CBL-B controls atherosclerosis mainly through its function in CD8+ T cells. Conclusion Casitas B-cell lymphoma-B expression in human plaques decreases during the progression of atherosclerosis. As an important regulator of immune responses in experimental atherosclerosis, CBL-B hampers macrophage recruitment and activation during initial atherosclerosis and limits CD8+ T cell activation and CD8+ T cell-mediated macrophage death in advanced atherosclerosis, thereby preventing the progression towards high-risk plaques. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom T P Seijkens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Room K1-110, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University, Pettenkoferstraße 8a & 9, Munich, Germany
| | - Kikkie Poels
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Room K1-110, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Svenja Meiler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Room K1-110, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia M van Tiel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Room K1-110, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal J H Kusters
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Room K1-110, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Myrthe Reiche
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Room K1-110, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorothee Atzler
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University, Pettenkoferstraße 8a & 9, Munich, Germany.,Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Goethestraße 33D, Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Pettenkoferstraße 8a & 9, Munich, Germany
| | - Holger Winkels
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University, Pettenkoferstraße 8a & 9, Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Tjwa
- Laboratory of Vascular Hematology/Angiogenesis, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Sandhofstraße 1D, Germany
| | - Hessel Poelman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Room K1-110, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bram Slütter
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einstein weg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einstein weg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marion Gijbels
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Room K1-110, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Albert Kuivenhoven
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Postbus 72, AB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ljubica Perisic Matic
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabrielle Paulsson-Berne
- Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Solna SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Hedin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran K Hansson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerry A F Nicolaes
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Room K1-110, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mat J A P Daemen
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University, Pettenkoferstraße 8a & 9, Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Pettenkoferstraße 8a & 9, Munich, Germany
| | - Norbert Gerdes
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University, Pettenkoferstraße 8a & 9, Munich, Germany.,Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5m 0225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Room K1-110, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University, Pettenkoferstraße 8a & 9, Munich, Germany
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Room K1-110, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University, Pettenkoferstraße 8a & 9, Munich, Germany
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25
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Schijns V, Fernández-Tejada A, Barjaktarović Ž, Bouzalas I, Brimnes J, Chernysh S, Gizurarson S, Gursel I, Jakopin Ž, Lawrenz M, Nativi C, Paul S, Pedersen GK, Rosano C, Ruiz-de-Angulo A, Slütter B, Thakur A, Christensen D, Lavelle EC. Modulation of immune responses using adjuvants to facilitate therapeutic vaccination. Immunol Rev 2020; 296:169-190. [PMID: 32594569 PMCID: PMC7497245 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic vaccination offers great promise as an intervention for a diversity of infectious and non-infectious conditions. Given that most chronic health conditions are thought to have an immune component, vaccination can at least in principle be proposed as a therapeutic strategy. Understanding the nature of protective immunity is of vital importance, and the progress made in recent years in defining the nature of pathological and protective immunity for a range of diseases has provided an impetus to devise strategies to promote such responses in a targeted manner. However, in many cases, limited progress has been made in clinical adoption of such approaches. This in part results from a lack of safe and effective vaccine adjuvants that can be used to promote protective immunity and/or reduce deleterious immune responses. Although somewhat simplistic, it is possible to divide therapeutic vaccine approaches into those targeting conditions where antibody responses can mediate protection and those where the principal focus is the promotion of effector and memory cellular immunity or the reduction of damaging cellular immune responses as in the case of autoimmune diseases. Clearly, in all cases of antigen-specific immunotherapy, the identification of protective antigens is a vital first step. There are many challenges to developing therapeutic vaccines beyond those associated with prophylactic diseases including the ongoing immune responses in patients, patient heterogeneity, and diversity in the type and stage of disease. If reproducible biomarkers can be defined, these could allow earlier diagnosis and intervention and likely increase therapeutic vaccine efficacy. Current immunomodulatory approaches related to adoptive cell transfers or passive antibody therapy are showing great promise, but these are outside the scope of this review which will focus on the potential for adjuvanted therapeutic active vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgil Schijns
- Wageningen University, Cell Biology & Immunology and, ERC-The Netherlands, Schaijk, Landerd campus, The Netherlands
| | - Alberto Fernández-Tejada
- Chemical Immunology Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences, CIC bioGUNE, Biscay, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Žarko Barjaktarović
- Agency for Medicines and Medical Devices of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Ilias Bouzalas
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DEMETER, Veterinary Research Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Sergey Chernysh
- Laboratory of Insect Biopharmacology and Immunology, Department of Entomology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | | | | | - Žiga Jakopin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maria Lawrenz
- Vaccine Formulation Institute (CH), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Nativi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Ane Ruiz-de-Angulo
- Chemical Immunology Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences, CIC bioGUNE, Biscay, Spain
| | - Bram Slütter
- Div. BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ed C Lavelle
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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26
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Vigario FL, Kuiper J, Slütter B. Tolerogenic vaccines for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. EBioMedicine 2020; 57:102827. [PMID: 32574952 PMCID: PMC7322234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main pathology behind most cardiovascular diseases. It is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of lipid-rich plaques in arteries. Atherosclerotic plaques are initiated by the deposition of cholesterol-rich LDL particles in the arterial walls leading to the activation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Current treatments focus on the reduction of LDL blood levels using statins, however the critical components of inflammation and autoimmunity have been mostly ignored as therapeutic targets. The restoration of immune tolerance towards atherosclerosis-relevant antigens can arrest lesion development as shown in pre-clinical models. In this review, we evaluate the clinical development of similar strategies for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes or multiple sclerosis and analyse the potential of tolerogenic vaccines for atherosclerosis and the challenges that need to be overcome to bring this therapy to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Lozano Vigario
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Einsteinweg 55, PO Box 9502, 2300RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Einsteinweg 55, PO Box 9502, 2300RA Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Bram Slütter
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Einsteinweg 55, PO Box 9502, 2300RA Leiden, the Netherlands
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27
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Benne N, Martins Cardoso R, Boyle AL, Kros A, Jiskoot W, Kuiper J, Bouwstra J, Van Eck M, Slütter B. Complement Receptor Targeted Liposomes Encapsulating the Liver X Receptor Agonist GW3965 Accumulate in and Stabilize Atherosclerotic Plaques. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000043. [PMID: 32329226 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is characterized by the retention of lipids in foam cells in the arterial intima. The liver X receptor (LXR) agonist GW3965 is a promising therapeutic compound, since it induces reverse cholesterol transport in foam cells. However, hepatic LXR activation increases plasma and liver lipid levels, inhibiting its clinical development. Herein, a formulation that specifically enhances GW3965 deposition in the atherosclerotic lesion is aimed to be developed. GW3965 is encapsulated in liposomes functionalized with the cyclic peptide Lyp-1 (CGNKRTRGC), which binds the p32 receptor expressed on foam cells. These liposomes show preferential uptake by foam cells in vitro and higher accumulation in atherosclerotic plaques in mice compared to non-targeted liposomes as determined by in vivo imaging. Flow cytometry analysis of plaques reveals increased retention of Lyp-1 liposomes in atherosclerotic plaque macrophages compared to controls (p < 0.05). Long term treatment of established plaques in LDLR -/- mice with GW3965-containing Lyp-1 liposomes significantly reduces plaque macrophage content by 50% (p < 0.01). Importantly, GW3965-containing Lyp-1 liposomes do not increase plasma or hepatic lipid content. Thus, GW3965-containing Lyp-1 liposomes successfully target the atherosclerotic macrophages allowing plaque stabilization without commonly observed side effects of LXR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Benne
- Division BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333CC, The Netherlands
| | - Renata Martins Cardoso
- Division BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333CC, The Netherlands
| | - Aimee L Boyle
- Department of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333CC, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Kros
- Department of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333CC, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Jiskoot
- Division BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333CC, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Division BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333CC, The Netherlands
| | - Joke Bouwstra
- Division BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333CC, The Netherlands
| | - Miranda Van Eck
- Division BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333CC, The Netherlands
| | - Bram Slütter
- Division BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333CC, The Netherlands
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28
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Leone M, Romeijn S, Slütter B, O’Mahony C, Kersten G, Bouwstra JA. Hyaluronan molecular weight: Effects on dissolution time of dissolving microneedles in the skin and on immunogenicity of antigen. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 146:105269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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29
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van Duijn J, Kritikou E, Benne N, van der Heijden T, van Puijvelde GH, Kröner MJ, Schaftenaar FH, Foks AC, Wezel A, Smeets H, Yagita H, Bot I, Jiskoot W, Kuiper J, Slütter B. CD8+ T-cells contribute to lesion stabilization in advanced atherosclerosis by limiting macrophage content and CD4+ T-cell responses. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:729-738. [PMID: 30335148 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS T lymphocytes play an important role in atherosclerosis development, but the role of the CD8+ T-cell remains debated, especially in the clinically relevant advanced stages of atherosclerosis development. Here, we set out to determine the role of CD8+ T-cells in advanced atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Human endarterectomy samples analysed by flow cytometry showed a negative correlation between the percentage of CD8+ T-cells and macrophages, suggesting a possible protective role for these cells in lesion development. To further test this hypothesis, LDLr-/- mice were fed a western-type diet (WTD) for 10 weeks to induce atherosclerosis, after which they received CD8α-depleting or isotype control antibody for 6 weeks. Depletion of CD8+ T-cells in advanced atherosclerosis resulted in less stable lesions, with significantly reduced collagen content in the trivalve area, increased macrophage content and increased necrotic core area compared with controls. Mechanistically, we observed that CD8 depletion specifically increased the fraction of Th1 CD4+ T-cells in the lesions. Treatment of WTD-fed LDLr-/- mice with a FasL-neutralizing antibody resulted in similar changes in macrophages and CD4+ T-cell skewing as CD8+ T-cell depletion. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate for the first time a local, protective role for CD8+ T-cells in advanced atherosclerosis, through limiting accumulation of Th1 cells and macrophages, identifying a novel regulatory mechanism for these cells in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine van Duijn
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Room EE1.17, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Eva Kritikou
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Room EE1.17, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Naomi Benne
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Room EE1.17, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas van der Heijden
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Room EE1.17, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gijs H van Puijvelde
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Room EE1.17, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mara J Kröner
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Room EE1.17, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Frank H Schaftenaar
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Room EE1.17, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Amanda C Foks
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Room EE1.17, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ilze Bot
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Room EE1.17, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Wim Jiskoot
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Room EE1.17, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Room EE1.17, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bram Slütter
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Room EE1.17, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
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30
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Douna H, Amersfoort J, Schaftenaar FH, Kröner MJ, Kiss MG, Slütter B, Depuydt MAC, Bernabé Kleijn MNA, Wezel A, Smeets HJ, Yagita H, Binder CJ, Bot I, van Puijvelde GHM, Kuiper J, Foks AC. B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator stimulation protects against atherosclerosis by regulating follicular B cells. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:295-305. [PMID: 31150053 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The immune system is strongly involved in atherosclerosis and immune regulation generally leads to attenuated atherosclerosis. B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is a novel co-receptor that negatively regulates the activation of B and T cells; however, there have been no reports of BTLA and its function in atherosclerosis or cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to assess the dominant BTLA expressing leucocyte in CVD patients and to investigate whether BTLA has a functional role in experimental atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS We show that BTLA is primarily expressed on B cells in CVD patients and follicular B2 cells in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (Ldlr-/-) mice. We treated Ldlr-/- mice that were fed a western-type diet (WTD) with phosphate-buffered saline, an isotype antibody, or an agonistic BTLA antibody (3C10) for 6 weeks. We report here that the agonistic BTLA antibody significantly attenuated atherosclerosis. This was associated with a strong reduction in follicular B2 cells, while regulatory B and T cells were increased. The BTLA antibody showed similar immunomodulating effects in a progression study in which Ldlr-/- mice were fed a WTD for 10 weeks before receiving antibody treatment. Most importantly, BTLA stimulation enhanced collagen content, a feature of stable lesions, in pre-existing lesions. CONCLUSION Stimulation of the BTLA pathway in Ldlr-/- mice reduces initial lesion development and increases collagen content of established lesions, presumably by shifting the balance between atherogenic follicular B cells and atheroprotective B cells and directing CD4+ T cells towards regulatory T cells. We provide the first evidence that BTLA is a very promising target for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidde Douna
- Division of BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob Amersfoort
- Division of BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frank H Schaftenaar
- Division of BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mara J Kröner
- Division of BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Máté G Kiss
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Bram Slütter
- Division of BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marie A C Depuydt
- Division of BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mireia N A Bernabé Kleijn
- Division of BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk Wezel
- Department of Surgery, HMC Westeinde, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Harm J Smeets
- Department of Surgery, HMC Westeinde, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Christoph J Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - I Bot
- Division of BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs H M van Puijvelde
- Division of BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Division of BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda C Foks
- Division of BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Benne N, Leboux RJT, Glandrup M, van Duijn J, Lozano Vigario F, Neustrup MA, Romeijn S, Galli F, Kuiper J, Jiskoot W, Slütter B. Atomic force microscopy measurements of anionic liposomes reveal the effect of liposomal rigidity on antigen-specific regulatory T cell responses. J Control Release 2019; 318:246-255. [PMID: 31812539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are vital for maintaining a balanced immune response and their dysfunction is often associated with auto-immune disorders. We have previously shown that antigen-loaded anionic liposomes composed of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and cholesterol can induce strong antigen-specific Treg responses. We hypothesized that altering the rigidity of these liposomes while maintaining their size and surface charge would affect their capability of inducing Treg responses. The rigidity of liposomes is affected in part by the length and saturation of carbon chains of the phospholipids in the bilayer, and in part by the presence of cholesterol. We used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to measure the rigidity of anionic OVA323-containing liposomes composed of different types of PC and PG, with or without cholesterol, in a molar ratio of 4:1(:2) distearoyl (DS)PC:DSPG (Young's modulus (YM) 3611 ± 1271 kPa), DSPC:DSPG:CHOL (1498 ± 531 kPa), DSPC:dipalmitoyl (DP)PG:CHOL (1208 ± 538), DPPC:DPPG:CHOL (1195 ± 348 kPa), DSPC:dioleoyl (DO)PG:CHOL (825 ± 307 kPa), DOPC:DOPG:CHOL (911 ± 447 kPa), and DOPC:DOPG (494 ± 365 kPa). Next, we assessed if rigidity affects the association of liposomes to bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) in vitro. Aside from DOPC:DOPG liposomes, we observed a positive correlation between liposomal rigidity and cellular association. Finally, we show that rigidity positively correlates with Treg responses in vitro in murine DCs and in vivo in mice. Our findings underline the suitability of AFM to measure liposome rigidity and the importance of this parameter when designing liposomes as a vaccine delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Benne
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Romain J T Leboux
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Glandrup
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Janine van Duijn
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Fernando Lozano Vigario
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Malene Aaby Neustrup
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Romeijn
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Johan Kuiper
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Wim Jiskoot
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bram Slütter
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Van Der Laan S, Slenders L, Depuydt M, Prange K, Granneman L, Elbersen D, Boltjes A, de Jager S, Slütter B, Bot I, Winther M, Kuiper J, Mokry M, Asselbergs F, Pasterkamp G. Mapping Genes To Cardiovascular Susceptibility Loci At A Single-Cell Resolution. Atherosclerosis 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Benne N, van Duijn J, Vigario FL, Leboux R, van Veelen P, Jiskoot W, Kuiper J, Slütter B. Vaccination with a regulatory t-cell inducing vaccine formulation containing apob100 peptides, reduces atherosclerosis in mice. Atherosclerosis 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.06.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Seijkens TTP, van Tiel CM, Kusters PJH, Atzler D, Soehnlein O, Zarzycka B, Aarts SABM, Lameijer M, Gijbels MJ, Beckers L, den Toom M, Slütter B, Kuiper J, Duchene J, Aslani M, Megens RTA, van 't Veer C, Kooij G, Schrijver R, Hoeksema MA, Boon L, Fay F, Tang J, Baxter S, Jongejan A, Moerland PD, Vriend G, Bleijlevens B, Fisher EA, Duivenvoorden R, Gerdes N, de Winther MPJ, Nicolaes GA, Mulder WJM, Weber C, Lutgens E. Targeting CD40-Induced TRAF6 Signaling in Macrophages Reduces Atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 71:527-542. [PMID: 29406859 PMCID: PMC5800892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Disrupting the costimulatory CD40-CD40L dyad reduces atherosclerosis, but can result in immune suppression. The authors recently identified small molecule inhibitors that block the interaction between CD40 and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) 6 (TRAF-STOPs), while leaving CD40-TRAF2/3/5 interactions intact, thereby preserving CD40-mediated immunity. Objectives This study evaluates the potential of TRAF-STOP treatment in atherosclerosis. Methods The effects of TRAF-STOPs on atherosclerosis were investigated in apolipoprotein E deficient (Apoe−/−) mice. Recombinant high-density lipoprotein (rHDL) nanoparticles were used to target TRAF-STOPs to macrophages. Results TRAF-STOP treatment of young Apoe−/− mice reduced atherosclerosis by reducing CD40 and integrin expression in classical monocytes, thereby hampering monocyte recruitment. When Apoe−/− mice with established atherosclerosis were treated with TRAF-STOPs, plaque progression was halted, and plaques contained an increase in collagen, developed small necrotic cores, and contained only a few immune cells. TRAF-STOP treatment did not impair “classical” immune pathways of CD40, including T-cell proliferation and costimulation, Ig isotype switching, or germinal center formation, but reduced CD40 and β2-integrin expression in inflammatory monocytes. In vitro testing and transcriptional profiling showed that TRAF-STOPs are effective in reducing macrophage migration and activation, which could be attributed to reduced phosphorylation of signaling intermediates of the canonical NF-κB pathway. To target TRAF-STOPs specifically to macrophages, TRAF-STOP 6877002 was incorporated into rHDL nanoparticles. Six weeks of rHDL-6877002 treatment attenuated the initiation of atherosclerosis in Apoe−/− mice. Conclusions TRAF-STOPs can overcome the current limitations of long-term CD40 inhibition in atherosclerosis and have the potential to become a future therapeutic for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom T P Seijkens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia M van Tiel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pascal J H Kusters
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dorothee Atzler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institut for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Zarzycka
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne A B M Aarts
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marnix Lameijer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marion J Gijbels
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Linda Beckers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Myrthe den Toom
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bram Slütter
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Johan Duchene
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Aslani
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Remco T A Megens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis van 't Veer
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gijs Kooij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roy Schrijver
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Marten A Hoeksema
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Francois Fay
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jun Tang
- Bioceros BV, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Samantha Baxter
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Aldo Jongejan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Perry D Moerland
- Department of Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gert Vriend
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (CMBI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Boris Bleijlevens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Edward A Fisher
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Raphael Duivenvoorden
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Norbert Gerdes
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerry A Nicolaes
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Willem J M Mulder
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Slütter
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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van Duijn J, van Elsas M, Benne N, Depuydt M, Wezel A, Smeets H, Bot I, Jiskoot W, Kuiper J, Slütter B. CD39 identifies a microenvironment-specific anti-inflammatory CD8 + T-cell population in atherosclerotic lesions. Atherosclerosis 2019; 285:71-78. [PMID: 31048101 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.04.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS CD8+ T-cells have been attributed both atherogenic and atheroprotective properties, but analysis of CD8+ T-cells has mostly been restricted to the circulation and secondary lymphoid organs. The atherosclerotic lesion, however, is a complex microenvironment containing a plethora of inflammatory signals, which may affect CD8+ T-cell activation. Here, we address how this environment affects the functionality of CD8+ T-cells. METHODS AND RESULTS We compared the cytokine production of CD8+ T-cells derived from spleens and enzymatically digested aortas of apoE-/- mice with advanced atherosclerosis by flow cytometry. Aortic CD8+ T-cells produced decreased amounts of IFN-γ and TNF-α compared to their systemic counterparts. The observed dysfunctional phenotype of the lesion-derived CD8+ T-cells was not associated with classical exhaustion markers, but with increased expression of the ectonucleotidase CD39. Indeed, pharmacological inhibition of CD39 in apoE-/- mice partly restored cytokine production by CD8+ T-cells. Using a bone-marrow transplantation approach, we show that TCR signaling is required to induce CD39 expression on CD8+ T-cells in atherosclerotic lesions. Importantly, analysis of human endarterectomy samples showed a strong microenvironment specific upregulation of CD39 on CD8+ T-cells in the plaques of human patients compared to matched blood samples. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the continuous TCR signaling in the atherosclerotic environment in the vessel wall induces an immune regulatory CD8+ T-cell phenotype that is associated with decreased cytokine production through increased CD39 expression in both a murine atherosclerotic model and in atherosclerosis patients. This provides a new understanding of immune regulation by CD8+ T-cells in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine van Duijn
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - Marit van Elsas
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - Naomi Benne
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - Marie Depuydt
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ilze Bot
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - Wim Jiskoot
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - Bram Slütter
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands.
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Kritikou E, van der Heijden T, Swart M, van Duijn J, Slütter B, Wezel A, Smeets HJ, Maffia P, Kuiper J, Bot I. Hypercholesterolemia Induces a Mast Cell-CD4 + T Cell Interaction in Atherosclerosis. J Immunol 2019; 202:1531-1539. [PMID: 30683705 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are potent innate immune cells that aggravate atherosclerosis through the release of proinflammatory mediators inside atherosclerotic plaques. Similarly, CD4+ T cells are constituents of the adaptive immune response and accumulate within the plaques following lipid-specific activation by APCs. Recently it has been proposed that these two cell types can interact in a direct manner. However, no indication of such an interaction has been investigated in the context of atherosclerosis. In our study, we aimed to examine whether MCs can act as APCs in atherosclerosis, thereby modulating CD4+ T cell responses. We observed that MCs increased their MHC class II expression under hyperlipidemic conditions both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, we showed that MCs can present Ags in vivo via MHC class II molecules. Serum from high-fat diet-fed mice also enhanced the expression of the costimulatory molecule CD86 on cultured MCs, whereas OVA peptide-loaded MCs increased OT-II CD4+ T cell proliferation in vitro. The aortic CD4+ and TH1 cell content of atherosclerotic mice that lack MCs was reduced as compared with their wild-type counterparts. Importantly, we identified MCs that express HLA-DR in advanced human atheromata, indicating that these cells are capable of Ag presentation within human atherosclerotic plaques. Therefore, in this artice, we show that MCs may directly modulate adaptive immunity by acting as APCs in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kritikou
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands;
| | - Thomas van der Heijden
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten Swart
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Janine van Duijn
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bram Slütter
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anouk Wezel
- Department of Surgery, Haaglanden Medical Center Westeinde, 2501 CK The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Harm J Smeets
- Department of Surgery, Haaglanden Medical Center Westeinde, 2501 CK The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Pasquale Maffia
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom.,Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; and.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ilze Bot
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
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de Greef JC, Krom YD, den Hamer B, Snider L, Hiramuki Y, van den Akker RFP, Breslin K, Pakusch M, Salvatori DCF, Slütter B, Tawil R, Blewitt ME, Tapscott SJ, van der Maarel SM. Smchd1 haploinsufficiency exacerbates the phenotype of a transgenic FSHD1 mouse model. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:716-731. [PMID: 29281018 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, a copy of the DUX4 retrogene is located in each unit of the D4Z4 macrosatellite repeat that normally comprises 8-100 units. The D4Z4 repeat has heterochromatic features and does not express DUX4 in somatic cells. Individuals with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) have a partial failure of somatic DUX4 repression resulting in the presence of DUX4 protein in sporadic muscle nuclei. Somatic DUX4 derepression is caused by contraction of the D4Z4 repeat to 1-10 units (FSHD1) or by heterozygous mutations in genes responsible for maintaining the D4Z4 chromatin structure in a repressive state (FSHD2). One of the FSHD2 genes is the structural maintenance of chromosomes hinge domain 1 (SMCHD1) gene. SMCHD1 mutations have also been identified in FSHD1; patients carrying a contracted D4Z4 repeat and a SMCHD1 mutation are more severely affected than relatives with only a contracted repeat or a SMCHD1 mutation. To evaluate the modifier role of SMCHD1, we crossbred mice carrying a contracted D4Z4 repeat (D4Z4-2.5 mice) with mice that are haploinsufficient for Smchd1 (Smchd1MommeD1 mice). D4Z4-2.5/Smchd1MommeD1 mice presented with a significantly reduced body weight and developed skin lesions. The same skin lesions, albeit in a milder form, were also observed in D4Z4-2.5 mice, suggesting that reduced Smchd1 levels aggravate disease in the D4Z4-2.5 mouse model. Our study emphasizes the evolutionary conservation of the SMCHD1-dependent epigenetic regulation of the D4Z4 repeat array and further suggests that the D4Z4-2.5/Smchd1MommeD1 mouse model may be used to unravel the function of DUX4 in non-muscle tissues like the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C de Greef
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne D Krom
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca den Hamer
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lauren Snider
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yosuke Hiramuki
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rob F P van den Akker
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kelsey Breslin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Miha Pakusch
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Bram Slütter
- Divisions of Biopharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rabi Tawil
- Neuromuscular Disease Unit, Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Marnie E Blewitt
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen J Tapscott
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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Benne N, van Duijn J, Lozano Vigario F, Leboux RJT, van Veelen P, Kuiper J, Jiskoot W, Slütter B. Anionic 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol (DSPG) liposomes induce antigen-specific regulatory T cells and prevent atherosclerosis in mice. J Control Release 2018; 291:135-146. [PMID: 30365993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the predominant underlying pathology of many types of cardiovascular disease and is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. It is characterized by the retention of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in lipid-rich macrophages (foam cells) in the intima of arteries. Autoantigens derived from oxLDL can be used to vaccinate against atherosclerosis. However, a major challenge is the induction of antigen-specific Tregs in a safe and effective way. Here we report that liposomes containing the anionic phospholipid 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol (DSPG) induce Tregs that are specific for the liposomes' cargo. Mechanistically, we show a crucial role for the protein corona that forms on the liposomes in the circulation, as uptake of DSPG-liposomes by antigen-presenting cells is mediated via complement component 1q (C1q) and scavenger receptors (SRs). Vaccination of atherosclerotic mice on a western-type diet with DSPG-liposomes encapsulating an LDL-derived peptide antigen significantly reduced plaque formation by 50% and stabilized the plaques, and reduced serum cholesterol concentrations. These results indicate that DSPG-liposomes have potential as a delivery system in vaccination against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Benne
- Divison of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Janine van Duijn
- Divison of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Lozano Vigario
- Divison of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Romain J T Leboux
- Divison of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van Veelen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Divison of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Jiskoot
- Divison of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bram Slütter
- Divison of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Atherosclerosis and the clinical consequence of cardiovascular disease remain the leading cause of death worldwide. Both an increase in cholesterol levels, as well as immune responses drive the pathogenesis of this disease. Although much is known about the role of many immune cell subsets in atherogenesis, research into the role of CD8 T cells is limited. RECENT FINDINGS Both atheroprotective and atherogenic functions of CD8 T cells have been reported. On the one hand, the inflammatory cytokines produced by CD8 T cells exacerbate inflammatory responses, and the cytotoxic activity of these cells toward lesion-stabilizing cells such as endothelial cells drives the progression and instability of atherosclerotic lesions. On the other hand, cytotoxic activity toward antigen presenting cells and the presence of regulatory CD8 T-cell subsets dampen immunity and can limit atherosclerosis. SUMMARY Here we review the different roles of CD8 T cells in atherosclerosis and discuss possible treatment strategies targeting these cells to reduce atherosclerotic lesion burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine van Duijn
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Slütter B, Depuydt M, van Duijn J, Bot I, Wezel A, Koppejan H, Toes R, Kuiper J. Masscytometry identifies CD8 T-cell diversity in human atherosclerotic lesions. Atherosclerosis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.06.908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kijanka G, Bee JS, Korman SA, Wu Y, Roskos LK, Schenerman MA, Slütter B, Jiskoot W. Submicron Size Particles of a Murine Monoclonal Antibody Are More Immunogenic Than Soluble Oligomers or Micron Size Particles Upon Subcutaneous Administration in Mice. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:2847-2859. [PMID: 30003898 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein aggregates are one of the several risk factors for undesired immunogenicity of biopharmaceuticals. However, it remains unclear which features determine whether aggregates will trigger an unwanted immune response. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of aggregates' size on their relative immunogenicity. A monoclonal murine IgG1 was stressed by exposure to low pH and elevated temperature followed by stirring to obtain aggregates widely differing in size. Aggregate fractions enriched in soluble oligomers, submicron size particles and micron size particles were isolated via centrifugation or size-exclusion chromatography and characterized physicochemically. The secondary and tertiary structures of aggregates were altered in a similar way for all the fractions, while no substantial chemical degradation was observed. Development of anti-drug antibodies was measured after subcutaneous administration of each enriched fraction to BALB/c mice. Among all tested fractions, the most immunogenic was the one highly enriched in submicron size particles (∼100-1000 nm). Fractions composed of micron size (>1-100 μm) particles or soluble oligomers (<100 nm) were not immunogenic under the dosing regimen studied in this work. These results show that aggregate size is an important factor for protein immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Kijanka
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jared S Bee
- Analytical Sciences, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| | - Samuel A Korman
- Analytical Sciences, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| | - Yuling Wu
- Clinical Pharmacology and DMPK, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| | - Lorin K Roskos
- Clinical Pharmacology and DMPK, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| | | | - Bram Slütter
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Jiskoot
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Mönkäre J, Pontier M, van Kampen EEM, Du G, Leone M, Romeijn S, Nejadnik MR, O'Mahony C, Slütter B, Jiskoot W, Bouwstra JA. Development of PLGA nanoparticle loaded dissolving microneedles and comparison with hollow microneedles in intradermal vaccine delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 129:111-121. [PMID: 29803720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Skin is an attractive but also very challenging immunisation site for particulate subunit vaccines. The aim of this study was to develop hyaluronan (HA)-based dissolving microneedles (MNs) loaded with PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) co-encapsulating ovalbumin (OVA) and poly(I:C) for intradermal immunisation. The NP:HA ratio used for the preparation of dissolving MNs appeared to be critical for the quality of MNs and their dissolution in ex vivo human skin. Asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation and dynamic light scattering were used to analyse the NPs released from the MNs in vitro. Successful release of the NPs depended on the drying conditions during MN preparation. The delivered antigen dose from dissolving MNs in mice was determined to be 1 µg OVA, in NPs or as free antigen, by using near-infrared fluorescence imaging. Finally, the immunogenicity of the NPs after administration of dissolving MNs (NP:HA weight ratio 1:4) was compared with that of hollow MN-delivered NPs in mice. Immunization with free antigen in dissolving MNs resulted in equally strong immune responses compared to delivery by hollow MNs. However, humoral and cellular immune responses evoked by NP-loaded dissolving MNs were inferior to those elicited by NPs delivered through a hollow MN. In conclusion, we identified several critical formulation parameters for the further development of NP-loaded dissolving MNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha Mönkäre
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, P.O. Box 2300, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Pontier
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, P.O. Box 2300, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eveline E M van Kampen
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, P.O. Box 2300, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Guangsheng Du
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, P.O. Box 2300, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mara Leone
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, P.O. Box 2300, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Romeijn
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, P.O. Box 2300, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Reza Nejadnik
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, P.O. Box 2300, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Conor O'Mahony
- Tyndall National Institute, Lee Maltings Complex, University College Cork, Dyke Parade, T12R5CP Cork, Ireland
| | - Bram Slütter
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, P.O. Box 2300, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Jiskoot
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, P.O. Box 2300, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joke A Bouwstra
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, P.O. Box 2300, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Post DMB, Slütter B, Schilling B, Chande AT, Rasmussen JA, Jones BD, D'Souza AK, Reinders LM, Harty JT, Gibson BW, Apicella MA. Characterization of Inner and Outer Membrane Proteins from Francisella tularensis Strains LVS and Schu S4 and Identification of Potential Subunit Vaccine Candidates. mBio 2017; 8:e01592-17. [PMID: 29018123 PMCID: PMC5635693 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01592-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Francisella tularensis is the causative agent of tularemia and a potential bioterrorism agent. In the present study, we isolated, identified, and quantified the proteins present in the membranes of the virulent type A strain, Schu S4, and the attenuated type B strain, LVS (live vaccine strain). Spectral counting of mass spectrometric data showed enrichment for membrane proteins in both strains. Mice vaccinated with whole LVS membranes encapsulated in poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles containing the adjuvant polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I·C)] showed significant protection against a challenge with LVS compared to the results seen with naive mice or mice vaccinated with either membranes or poly(I·C) alone. The PLGA-encapsulated Schu S4 membranes with poly(I·C) alone did not significantly protect mice from a lethal intraperitoneal challenge with Schu S4; however, this vaccination strategy provided protection from LVS challenge. Mice that received the encapsulated Schu S4 membranes followed by a booster of LVS bacteria showed significant protection with respect to a lethal Schu S4 challenge compared to control mice. Western blot analyses of the sera from the Schu S4-vaccinated mice that received an LVS booster showed four immunoreactive bands. One of these bands from the corresponding one-dimensional (1D) SDS-PAGE experiment represented capsule. The remaining bands were excised, digested with trypsin, and analyzed using mass spectrometry. The most abundant proteins present in these immunoreactive samples were an outer membrane OmpA-like protein, FopA; the type IV pilus fiber building block protein; a hypothetical membrane protein; and lipoproteins LpnA and Lpp3. These proteins should serve as potential targets for future recombinant protein vaccination studies.IMPORTANCE The low infectious dose, the high potential mortality/morbidity rates, and the ability to be disseminated as an aerosol make Francisella tularensis a potential agent for bioterrorism. These characteristics led the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) to classify F. tularensis as a Tier 1 pathogen. Currently, there is no vaccine approved for general use in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bram Slütter
- Department of Microbiology, the University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Aroon T Chande
- Department of Microbiology, the University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jed A Rasmussen
- Department of Microbiology, the University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Bradley D Jones
- Department of Microbiology, the University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | | | - John T Harty
- Department of Microbiology, the University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Bradford W Gibson
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael A Apicella
- Department of Microbiology, the University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Du G, Hathout RM, Nasr M, Nejadnik MR, Tu J, Koning RI, Koster AJ, Slütter B, Kros A, Jiskoot W, Bouwstra JA, Mönkäre J. Intradermal vaccination with hollow microneedles: A comparative study of various protein antigen and adjuvant encapsulated nanoparticles. J Control Release 2017; 266:109-118. [PMID: 28943194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the potential of intradermal delivery of nanoparticulate vaccines to modulate the immune response of protein antigen using hollow microneedles. Four types of nanoparticles covering a broad range of physiochemical parameters, namely poly (lactic-co-glycolic) (PLGA) nanoparticles, liposomes, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) and gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) were compared. The developed nanoparticles were loaded with a model antigen (ovalbumin (OVA)) with and without an adjuvant (poly(I:C)), followed by the characterization of size, zeta potential, morphology, and loading and release of antigen and adjuvant. An in-house developed hollow-microneedle applicator was used to inject nanoparticle suspensions precisely into murine skin at a depth of about 120μm. OVA/poly(I:C)-loaded nanoparticles and OVA/poly(I:C) solution elicited similarly strong total IgG and IgG1 responses. However, the co-encapsulation of OVA and poly(I:C) in nanoparticles significantly increased the IgG2a response compared to OVA/poly(I:C) solution. PLGA nanoparticles and liposomes induced stronger IgG2a responses than MSNs and GNPs, correlating with sustained release of the antigen and adjuvant and a smaller nanoparticle size. When examining cellular responses, the highest CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses were induced by OVA/poly(I:C)-loaded liposomes. In conclusion, the applicator controlled hollow microneedle delivery is an excellent method for intradermal injection of nanoparticle vaccines, allowing selection of optimal nanoparticle formulations for humoral and cellular immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangsheng Du
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rania M Hathout
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha Nasr
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Reza Nejadnik
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jing Tu
- Department of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roman I Koning
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Section Electron Microscopy, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Abraham J Koster
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Section Electron Microscopy, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bram Slütter
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Division of Biopharmaceutics, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Kros
- Department of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Jiskoot
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joke A Bouwstra
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Juha Mönkäre
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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46
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Tu J, Du G, Reza Nejadnik M, Mönkäre J, van der Maaden K, Bomans PHH, Sommerdijk NAJM, Slütter B, Jiskoot W, Bouwstra JA, Kros A. Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle-Coated Microneedle Arrays for Intradermal Antigen Delivery. Pharm Res 2017; 34:1693-1706. [PMID: 28536970 PMCID: PMC5498618 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2177-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a new intradermal antigen delivery system by coating microneedle arrays with lipid bilayer-coated, antigen-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (LB-MSN-OVA). METHODS Synthesis of MSNs with 10-nm pores was performed and the nanoparticles were loaded with the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA), and coated with a lipid bilayer (LB-MSN-OVA). The uptake of LB-MSN-OVA by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BDMCs) was studied by flow cytometry. The designed LB-MSN-OVA were coated onto pH-sensitive pyridine-modified microneedle arrays and the delivery of LB-MSN-OVA into ex vivo human skin was studied. RESULTS The synthesized MSNs demonstrated efficient loading of OVA with a maximum loading capacity of about 34% and the lipid bilayer enhanced the colloidal stability of the MSNs. Uptake of OVA loaded in LB-MSN-OVA by BMDCs was higher than that of free OVA, suggesting effective targeting of LB-MSN-OVA to antigen-presenting cells. Microneedles were readily coated with LB-MSN-OVA at pH 5.8, yielding 1.5 μg of encapsulated OVA per microneedle array. Finally, as a result of the pyridine modification, LB-MSN-OVA were effectively released from the microneedles upon piercing the skin. CONCLUSION Microneedle arrays coated with LB-MSN-OVA were successfully developed and shown to be suitable for intradermal delivery of the encapsulated protein antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tu
- Department of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry (LIC), Leiden University, Leiden, 2300, RA, The Netherlands
| | - Guangsheng Du
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, 2300, RA, The Netherlands
| | - M Reza Nejadnik
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, 2300, RA, The Netherlands
| | - Juha Mönkäre
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, 2300, RA, The Netherlands
| | - Koen van der Maaden
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, 2300, RA, The Netherlands
| | - Paul H H Bomans
- Laboratory of Materials and Interface Chemistry & Center of Multiscale Electron Microscopy, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600, MB, The Netherlands
| | - Nico A J M Sommerdijk
- Laboratory of Materials and Interface Chemistry & Center of Multiscale Electron Microscopy, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600, MB, The Netherlands
| | - Bram Slütter
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, 2300, RA, The Netherlands
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, 2300, RA, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Jiskoot
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, 2300, RA, The Netherlands
| | - Joke A Bouwstra
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, 2300, RA, The Netherlands.
| | - Alexander Kros
- Department of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry (LIC), Leiden University, Leiden, 2300, RA, The Netherlands.
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van der Heijden T, Kritikou E, Venema W, van Duijn J, van Santbrink PJ, Slütter B, Foks AC, Bot I, Kuiper J. NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibition by MCC950 Reduces Atherosclerotic Lesion Development in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice-Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:1457-1461. [PMID: 28596375 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes, and their activation has been associated with cardiovascular disease. Inflammasome activation leads to secretion of caspase-1 by innate immune cells, resulting in the activation of interleukin-1β. Recently, a potent and selective inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome, MCC950, was described. In this study, we investigated the effect of MCC950 on atherosclerotic lesion development in apoE-/- mice. APPROACH AND RESULTS First, we determined the efficacy of MCC950 in vitro. Bone marrow-derived macrophages and dendritic cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and cholesterol crystals resulting in high levels of interleukin-1β release, which was inhibited by MCC950. In vivo MCC950 treatment reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-1β secretion, without affecting the tumor necrosis factor-α response. Subsequently, atherosclerotic plaques were induced in Western-type diet fed apoE-/- mice by semiconstrictive perivascular collar placement at the carotid arteries, after which the mice received MCC950 (10 mg/kg) or vehicle control 3× per week intraperitoneally for 4 weeks. After euthanize, atherosclerotic plaque size and volume were quantified in hematoxylin-eosin-stained 10-µm cryosections throughout the artery. MCC950 treatment significantly reduced the development of atherosclerotic lesions as determined by maximal stenosis, average plaque size, and plaque volume. Although the amount of collagen and the necrotic core size were not affected, the number of macrophages in the plaque was significantly reduced on treatment. In addition, VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1) and ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1) mRNA expression was significantly reduced in the carotids of MCC950-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that specific inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome using MCC950 can be a promising therapeutic approach to inhibit atherosclerotic lesion development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Kritikou
- From the Cluster BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Venema
- From the Cluster BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Janine van Duijn
- From the Cluster BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bram Slütter
- From the Cluster BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda C Foks
- From the Cluster BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Ilze Bot
- From the Cluster BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Kuiper
- From the Cluster BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, The Netherlands
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48
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Slütter B, Van Braeckel-Budimir N, Abboud G, Varga SM, Salek-Ardakani S, Harty JT. Dynamics of influenza-induced lung-resident memory T cells underlie waning heterosubtypic immunity. Sci Immunol 2017; 2:2/7/eaag2031. [PMID: 28783666 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aag2031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lung-resident memory CD8 T cells (TRM) induced by influenza A virus (IAV) that are pivotal for providing subtype-transcending protection against IAV infection (heterosubtypic immunity) are not maintained long term, causing gradual loss of protection. The short-lived nature of lung TRM contrasts sharply with long-term maintenance of TRM induced by localized infections in the skin and in other tissues. We show that the decline in lung TRM is determined by an imbalance between apoptosis and lung recruitment and conversion to TRM of circulating memory cells. We show that circulating effector memory cells (TEM) rather than central memory cells (TCM) are the precursors for conversion to lung TRM Time-dependent changes in expression of genes critical for lymphocyte trafficking and TRM differentiation, in concert with enrichment of TCM, diminish the capacity of circulating memory CD8 T cells to form TRM with time, explaining why IAV-induced TRM are not stably maintained. Systemic booster immunization, through increasing the number of circulating TEM, increases lung TRM, providing a potential new avenue to enhance IAV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Slütter
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.,Cluster of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Georges Abboud
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Steven M Varga
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Shahram Salek-Ardakani
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - John T Harty
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. .,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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49
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Benne N, van Duijn J, Kuiper J, Jiskoot W, Slütter B. Orchestrating immune responses: How size, shape and rigidity affect the immunogenicity of particulate vaccines. J Control Release 2016; 234:124-34. [PMID: 27221070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Particulate carrier systems are promising drug delivery vehicles for subunit vaccination as they can enhance and direct the type of T cell response. In order to develop vaccines with optimal immunogenicity, a thorough understanding of parameters that could affect the strength and quality of immune responses is required. Pathogens have different dimensions and stimulate the immune system in a specific way. It is therefore not surprising that physicochemical characteristics of particulate vaccines, such as particle size, shape, and rigidity, affect multiple processes that impact their immunogenicity. Among these processes are the uptake of the particles from the site of administration, passage through lymphoid tissue and the uptake, antigen processing and activation of antigen-presenting cells. Herein, we systematically review the role of the size, shape and rigidity of particulate vaccines in enhancing and skewing T cell response and attempted to provide a "roadmap" for rational vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Benne
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Janine van Duijn
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Jiskoot
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bram Slütter
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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50
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van Duijn J, Jiskoot W, Kuiper J, Slütter B. A tissue-specific phenotype for CD8+ T cells in atherosclerotic lesions: role of the arterial microenvironment. The Journal of Immunology 2016. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.186.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic, inflammatory disorder of the arterial wall that causes millions of deaths worldwide each year. CD8+ T lymphocytes may play an important role in atherogenesis, as they represent 29% of all lymphocytes in early human lesions, increasing up to 50% in advanced plaques, however their contribution to plaque initiation and progression remains unclear. Here we show that CD8+ T cells derived from enzymatically digested atherosclerotic lesions of ApoE−/− mice display a unique phenotype. Most notably, lesion derived CD8+ T cells produce less IFN-γ and TNF-α after PMA/Ionomycin stimulation compared to their counterparts in the spleen, circulation or other non-lymphoid organs. Importantly, cytokine production decreases as the lesion progresses to more advanced stages. This effect is not due to classical exhaustion of the T cells, as we found no difference in the expression of exhaustion markers such as PD-1. Nor is this effect due to an increase in regulatory FoxP3+CD8+ T cells. Together, our results suggest that the specific atherosclerotic environment in the vessel wall decreases CD8+ T cell functionality, which provides a new understanding of CD8+ T cells and their role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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