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Mihalj M, Štefanić M, Mihaljević Z, Kolobarić N, Jukić I, Stupin A, Matić A, Frkanec R, Tavčar B, Horvatić A, Drenjančević I. Early Low-Grade Inflammation Induced by High-Salt Diet in Sprague Dawley Rats Involves Th17/Treg Axis Dysregulation, Vascular Wall Remodeling, and a Shift in the Fatty Acid Profile. Cell Physiol Biochem 2024; 58:83-103. [PMID: 38459804 DOI: 10.33594/000000684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Unrestricted increased table salt (NaCl) intake is associated with oxidative stress and inflammation, leading to endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. However, data on salt-induced immunomodulatory effects in the earliest phase of salt loading are scarce. METHODS In the present study, an animal model of short-term salt loading was employed, including male Sprague Dawley rats consuming a high-salt diet (HSD; 4% NaCl) or standard laboratory chow (low-salt; LSD; 0.4% NaCl) during a 7-day period. The contribution of angiotensin II (ANGII) suppression was tested by adding a group of rats on a high-salt diet receiving ANGII infusions. Samples of peripheral blood/mesenteric lymph node leukocytes, brain blood vessels, and serum samples were processed for flow cytometry, quantitative real-time PCR, total proteome analysis, and multiplex immunoassay. RESULTS Data analysis revealed the up-regulation of Il 6 gene in the microcirculation of high-salt-fed rats, accompanied by an increased serum level of TNF-alpha cytokine. The high-salt diet resulted in increased proportion of serum mono-unsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids, reduced levels of linoleic (C18:2 ω-6) and α-linolenic (C18:3 ω-3) acid, and increased levels of palmitoleic acid (C16:1 ω-7). The high-salt diet had distinct, lymphoid compartment-specific effects on leukocyte subpopulations, which could be attributed to the increased expression of salt-sensitive SGK-1 kinase. Complete proteome analysis revealed high-salt-diet-induced vascular tissue remodeling and perturbations in energy metabolism. Interestingly, many of the observed effects were reversed by ANGII supplementation. CONCLUSION Low-grade systemic inflammation induced by a HSD could be related to suppressed ANGII levels. The effects of HSD involved changes in Th17 and Treg cell distribution, vascular wall remodeling, and a shift in lipid and arachidonic acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Mihalj
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Center Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mario Štefanić
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Mihaljević
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Kolobarić
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivana Jukić
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ana Stupin
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Anita Matić
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ruža Frkanec
- Center for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Trg Republike Hrvatske 14, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Branka Tavčar
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Fidelta Ltd., Prilaz Baruna Filipovića 29, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anita Horvatić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ines Drenjančević
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia,
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
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Guzelj S, Šišić M, Bizjak Š, Frkanec L, Frkanec R, Jakopin Ž. Lipidation of NOD2 Agonists with Adamantane and Stearoyl Moieties Differentially Regulates Their In Vivo Adjuvant Activity. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122755. [PMID: 36559249 PMCID: PMC9785857 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NOD2 is an innate immune receptor that constitutes an important target for the development of small molecule immunopotentiators with great potential to be used as vaccine adjuvants. We report here the results of an in vivo study of the adjuvant properties of a desmuramylpeptide NOD2 agonist SG29 and its lipidated analogs featuring an adamantyl moiety or a stearoyl group. These compounds have been synthesized, incorporated into liposomes, and evaluated for their in vivo adjuvant activity. The characterization of liposome formulations of examined compounds revealed that their size increased in comparison to that of empty liposomes. The introduction of a stearoyl or an adamantane lipophilic anchor into the structure of SG29, to produce SG115 and ZSB63, respectively, substantially improved the in vivo adjuvant activity. Of note, the attachment of the stearoyl moiety produced a Th2-biased immune response, while the incorporation of the adamantyl moiety greatly enhanced the production of total IgG but mostly augmented the production of IgG2a antibodies, which indicated a shift toward a Th1 immune response. The identified bona fide capacity of ZSB63 to initiate a cellular immune response thus highlights its untapped potential as an alternative vaccine adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samo Guzelj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marcela Šišić
- Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Špela Bizjak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Leo Frkanec
- Rudjer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ruža Frkanec
- Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: (R.F.); (Ž.J.)
| | - Žiga Jakopin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: (R.F.); (Ž.J.)
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3
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Guzelj S, Weiss M, Slütter B, Frkanec R, Jakopin Ž. Covalently Conjugated NOD2/TLR7 Agonists Are Potent and Versatile Immune Potentiators. J Med Chem 2022; 65:15085-15101. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samo Guzelj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Weiss
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bram Slütter
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ruža Frkanec
- Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Žiga Jakopin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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4
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Kalčec N, Peranić N, Barbir R, Hall CR, Smith TA, Sani MA, Frkanec R, Separovic F, Vinković Vrček I. Spectroscopic study of L-DOPA and dopamine binding on novel gold nanoparticles towards more efficient drug-delivery system for Parkinson's disease. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2022; 268:120707. [PMID: 34902692 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nano-drug delivery systems may potentially overcome current challenges in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) by enabling targeted delivery and more efficient blood-brain penetration ability. This study investigates novel gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to be used as delivery systems for L-DOPA and dopamine by considering their binding capabilities in the presence and absence of a model protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA). Four different AuNPs were prepared by surface functionalization with polyethylene glycol (PEG), 1-adamantylamine (Ad), 1-adamantylglycine (AdGly), and peptidoglycan monomer (PGM). Fluorescence and UV-Vis measurements demonstrated the strongest binding affinity and L-DOPA/dopamine loading efficiency for PGM-functionalized AuNPs with negligible impact of the serum protein presence. Thermodynamic analysis revealed a spontaneous binding process between L-DOPA or dopamine and AuNPs that predominantly occurred through van der Waals interactions/hydrogen bonds or electrostatic interactions. These results represent PGM-functionalized AuNPs as the most efficient at L-DOPA and dopamine binding with a potential to become a drug-delivery system for neurodegenerative diseases. Detailed investigation of L-DOPA/dopamine interactions with different AuNPs was described here for the first time. Moreover, this study highlights a cost- and time-effective methodology for evaluating drug binding to nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolina Kalčec
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Peranić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Rinea Barbir
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Christopher R Hall
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Trevor A Smith
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Marc Antoine Sani
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Ruža Frkanec
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Rockefellerova 10, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Frances Separovic
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Ivana Vinković Vrček
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, Zagreb, Croatia.
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5
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Guzelj S, Nabergoj S, Gobec M, Pajk S, Klančič V, Slütter B, Frkanec R, Štimac A, Šket P, Plavec J, Mlinarič-Raščan I, Jakopin Ž. Structural Fine-Tuning of Desmuramylpeptide NOD2 Agonists Defines Their In Vivo Adjuvant Activity. J Med Chem 2021; 64:7809-7838. [PMID: 34043358 PMCID: PMC8279416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We
report on the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of
a series of nucleotide-binding oligomerization-domain-containing protein
2 (NOD2) desmuramylpeptide agonists with improved in vitro and in vivo adjuvant properties. We identified
two promising compounds: 68, a potent nanomolar in vitro NOD2 agonist, and the more lipophilic 75, which shows superior adjuvant activity in vivo. Both compounds had immunostimulatory effects on peripheral blood
mononuclear cells at the protein and transcriptional levels, and augmented
dendritic-cell-mediated activation of T cells, while 75 additionally enhanced the cytotoxic activity of peripheral blood
mononuclear cells against malignant cells. The C18 lipophilic
tail of 75 is identified as a pivotal structural element
that confers in vivo adjuvant activity in conjunction
with a liposomal delivery system. Accordingly, liposome-encapsulated 75 showed promising adjuvant activity in mice, surpassing
that of muramyl dipeptide, while achieving a more balanced Th1/Th2
immune response, thus highlighting its potential as a vaccine adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samo Guzelj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sanja Nabergoj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martina Gobec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stane Pajk
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Veronika Klančič
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bram Slütter
- Div. BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ruža Frkanec
- Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Adela Štimac
- Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Primož Šket
- Slovenian NMR Centre, National Institute of Chemistry, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Plavec
- Slovenian NMR Centre, National Institute of Chemistry, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Žiga Jakopin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Ivošević DeNardis N, Pletikapić G, Frkanec R, Horvat L, Vernier PT. From algal cells to autofluorescent ghost plasma membrane vesicles. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 134:107524. [PMID: 32272336 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Plasma membrane vesicles can be effective, non-toxic carriers for microscale material transport, provide a convenient model for probing membrane-related processes, since intracellular biochemical processes are eliminated. We describe here a fine-tuned protocol for isolating ghost plasma membrane vesicles from the unicellular alga Dunaliella tertiolecta, and preliminary characterization of their structural features and permeability properties, with comparisons to giant unilamellar phospholipid vesicles. The complexity of the algal ghost membrane vesicles reconstructed from the native membrane material released after hypoosmotic stress lies between that of phospholipid vesicles and cells. AFM structural characterization of reconstructed vesicles shows a thick envelope and a nearly empty vesicle interior. The surface of the envelope contains a heterogeneous distribution of densely packed, nanometer-scale globules and pore-like structures which may be derived from surface coat proteins. Confocal fluorescence imaging reveals the highly pigmented photosynthetic apparatus located within the thylakoid membrane and retained in the vesicle membrane. Transport of the fluorescent dye calcein into ghost and giant unilamellar vesicles reveals significant differences in permeability. Expanded knowledge of this unique membrane system will contribute to the design of marine bio-inspired carriers for advanced biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ruža Frkanec
- Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - P Thomas Vernier
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
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7
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Gobec M, Tomašič T, Štimac A, Frkanec R, Trontelj J, Anderluh M, Mlinarič-Raščan I, Jakopin Ž. Discovery of Nanomolar Desmuramylpeptide Agonists of the Innate Immune Receptor Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain-Containing Protein 2 (NOD2) Possessing Immunostimulatory Properties. J Med Chem 2018. [PMID: 29543461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a fragment of bacterial peptidoglycan, has long been known as the smallest fragment possessing adjuvant activity, on the basis of its agonistic action on the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2). There is a pressing need for novel adjuvants, and NOD2 agonists provide an untapped source of potential candidates. Here, we report the design, synthesis, and characterization of a series of novel acyl tripeptides. A pivotal structural element for molecular recognition by NOD2 has been identified, culminating in the discovery of compound 9, the most potent desmuramylpeptide NOD2 agonist to date. Compound 9 augmented pro-inflammatory cytokine release from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in synergy with lipopolysaccharide. Furthermore, it was able to induce ovalbumin-specific IgG titers in a mouse model of adjuvancy. These findings provide deeper insights into the structural requirements of desmuramylpeptides for NOD2-activation and highlight the potential use of NOD2 agonists as adjuvants for vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Gobec
- Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Ljubljana , Aškerčeva 7 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Tihomir Tomašič
- Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Ljubljana , Aškerčeva 7 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Adela Štimac
- Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology , University of Zagreb , Rockefellerova 10 , 10000 Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Ruža Frkanec
- Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology , University of Zagreb , Rockefellerova 10 , 10000 Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Jurij Trontelj
- Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Ljubljana , Aškerčeva 7 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Marko Anderluh
- Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Ljubljana , Aškerčeva 7 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Irena Mlinarič-Raščan
- Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Ljubljana , Aškerčeva 7 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Žiga Jakopin
- Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Ljubljana , Aškerčeva 7 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
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Štimac A, Lapić J, Blasina V, Lukinac M, Djaković S, Crnolatac I, Frkanec L, Frkanec R. Adamantyl ferrocene derivatives: Antioxidant abilities and effects on model lipid membranes. Appl Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adela Štimac
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology Rockefellerova 10 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Jasmina Lapić
- Faculty of Food Technology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Zagreb Pierottijeva 6 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Valentino Blasina
- Faculty of Food Technology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Zagreb Pierottijeva 6 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Marija Lukinac
- Faculty of Food Technology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Zagreb Pierottijeva 6 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Senka Djaković
- Faculty of Food Technology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Zagreb Pierottijeva 6 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Ivo Crnolatac
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Interactions and Spectroscopy, Division of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryRuđer Bošković Institute Bijenička 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Leo Frkanec
- Laboratory for Supramolecular Chemistry, Division of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryRuđer Bošković Institute Bijenička 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Ruža Frkanec
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology Rockefellerova 10 10000 Zagreb Croatia
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Štimac A, Šekutor M, Mlinarić-Majerski K, Frkanec L, Frkanec R. Adamantane in Drug Delivery Systems and Surface Recognition. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22020297. [PMID: 28212339 PMCID: PMC6155684 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The adamantane moiety is widely applied in design and synthesis of new drug delivery systems and in surface recognition studies. This review focuses on liposomes, cyclodextrins, and dendrimers based on or incorporating adamantane derivatives. Our recent concept of adamantane as an anchor in the lipid bilayer of liposomes has promising applications in the field of targeted drug delivery and surface recognition. The results reported here encourage the development of novel adamantane-based structures and self-assembled supramolecular systems for basic chemical investigations as well as for biomedical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Štimac
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Rockefellerova 10, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marina Šekutor
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Kata Mlinarić-Majerski
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Leo Frkanec
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ruža Frkanec
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Rockefellerova 10, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Štimac A, Bendelja K, Dutour Sikirić M, Frkanec L, Frkanec R. Mannosylated Liposomes with Built-in Peptidoglycan Based Immunomodulators for Subunit Vaccine Formulations. CROAT CHEM ACTA 2017. [DOI: 10.5562/cca3309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Štimac A, Cvitaš JT, Frkanec L, Vugrek O, Frkanec R. Design and syntheses of mono and multivalent mannosyl-lipoconjugates for targeted liposomal drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2016; 511:44-56. [PMID: 27363934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.06.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Multivalent mannosyl-lipoconjugates may be of interest for glycosylation of liposomes and targeted drug delivery because the mannose specifically binds to C-type lectin receptors on the particular cells. In this paper syntheses of two types of novel O-mannosides are presented. Conjugates 1 and 2 with a COOH- and NH2-functionalized spacer and the connection to a lysine and FmocNH-PEG-COOH, are described. The coupling reactions of prepared intermediates 6 and 4 with a PEGylated-DSPE or palmitic acid, respectively, are presented. Compounds 5, mono-, 8, di- and 12, tetravalent mannosyl-lipoconjugates, were synthesized. The synthesized compounds were incorporated into liposomes and liposomal preparations featuring exposed mannose units were characterized. Carbohydrate liposomal quartz crystal microbalance based assay has been established for studying carbohydrate-lectin binding. It was demonstrated that liposomes with incorporated mannosyl-lipoconjugates were effectively recognized by Con A and have great potential to be used for targeted liposomal drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Štimac
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Rockefellerova 10, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Leo Frkanec
- Institute Rudjer BoškoviĿ, BijeniĿka cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Oliver Vugrek
- Institute Rudjer BoškoviĿ, BijeniĿka cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ruža Frkanec
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Rockefellerova 10, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Šekutor M, Štimac A, Mlinarić-Majerski K, Frkanec R. Syntheses and characterization of liposome-incorporated adamantyl aminoguanidines. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 12:6005-13. [PMID: 24988293 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00592a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of mono and bis-aminoguanidinium adamantane derivatives has been synthesized and incorporated into liposomes. They combine two biomedically significant molecules, the adamantane moiety and the guanidinium group. The adamantane moiety possesses the membrane compatible features while the cationic guanidinium subunit was recognized as a favourable structural feature for binding to complementary molecules comprising phosphate groups. The liposome formulations of adamantyl aminoguanidines were characterized and it was shown that the entrapment efficiency of the examined compounds is significant. In addition, it was demonstrated that liposomes with incorporated adamantyl aminoguanidines effectively recognized the complementary liposomes via the phosphate group. These results indicate that adamantane derivatives bearing guanidinium groups might be versatile tools for biomedical application, from studies of molecular recognition processes to usage in drug formulation and cell targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Šekutor
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Frkanec R, Vranešić B, Tomić S. Adamantoylated biologically active small peptides and glycopeptides structurally related to the bacterial peptidoglycan. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1081:91-106. [PMID: 24014436 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-652-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
A large number of novel synthetic compounds representing smaller parts of original peptidoglycan molecules have been synthesized and found to possess versatile biological activity, particularly immunomodulating properties. A series of compounds containing the adamantyl residues coupled to peptides and glycopeptides characteristic for bacterial peptidoglycan was described. The new adamantylpeptides and adamantylglycopeptides were prepared starting from N-protected racemic adamantylglycine and dipeptide L-Ala-D-isoglutamine. The adamantyl glycopeptides were obtained by coupling the adamantyltripeptides with alpha-D-mannose moiety through spacer molecule of fixed chirality. Since the starting material was D,L-(adamantyl-glycine) the condensation products with the dipeptide were mixtures of diastereoisomers. The obtained diastereoisomers were separated, characterized, and tested for immunostimulating activity. An HPLC method for purity testing was developed and adapted for the particular compounds.
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Ribić R, Habjanec L, Frkanec R, Vranešić B, Tomić S. Influence of mannosylation on immunostimulating activity of adamant-1-yl tripeptide. Chem Biodivers 2012; 9:1373-81. [PMID: 22782883 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201200008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The mannosylated derivative of adamant-1-yl tripeptide (D-(Ad-1-yl)Gly-L-Ala-D-isoGln) was prepared to study the effects of mannosylation on adjuvant (immunostimulating) activity. Mannosylated adamant-1-yl tripeptide (Man-OCH(2) CH(Me)CO-D-(Ad-1-yl)Gly-L-Ala-D-isoGln) is a non-pyrogenic, H(2) O-soluble, and non-toxic compound. Adjuvant activity of mannosylated adamantyl tripeptide was tested in the mouse model with ovalbumin as an antigen and in comparison to the parent tripeptide and peptidoglycan monomer (PGM, β-D-GlcNAc-(1→4)-D-MurNAc-L-Ala-D-isoGln-mesoDAP(εNH(2) )-D-Ala-D-Ala), a well-known effective adjuvant. The mannosylation of adamantyl tripeptide caused the amplification of its immunostimulating activity in such a way that it was comparable to that of PGM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Ribić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb.
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Abstract
The aim of this work was to prepare L- and D-(adamant-1-yl)-Gly-L-Ala-D-isoGln peptides in order to study their adjuvant (immunostimulating) activities. Adjuvant activity of adamant-1-yl tripeptides was tested in the mouse model using ovalbumin as an antigen and in comparison to the peptidoglycan monomer (PGM; β-D-GlcNAc-(1→4)-D-MurNAc-L-Ala-D-isoGln-mesoDAP(εNH(2) )-D-Ala-D-Ala) and structurally related adamant-2-yl tripeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Ribić
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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DeNardis NI, Žutić V, Svetličić V, Frkanec R. Adhesion Signals of Phospholipid Vesicles at an Electrified Interface. J Membr Biol 2012; 245:573-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-012-9469-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Stimac A, Segota S, Dutour Sikirić M, Ribić R, Frkanec L, Svetličić V, Tomić S, Vranešić B, Frkanec R. Surface modified liposomes by mannosylated conjugates anchored via the adamantyl moiety in the lipid bilayer. Biochim Biophys Acta 2012; 1818:2252-9. [PMID: 22525598 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to encapsulate mannosylated 1-aminoadamantane and mannosylated adamantyltripeptides, namely [(2R)-N-(adamant-1-yl)-3-(α,β-d-mannopyranosyloxy)-2-methylpropanamide and (2R)-N-[3-(α-d-mannopyranosyloxy)-2-methylpropanoyl]-d,l-(adamant-2-yl)glycyl-l-alanyl-d-isoglutamine] in liposomes. The characterization of liposomes, size and surface morphology was performed using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results have revealed that the encapsulation of examined compounds changes the size and surface of liposomes. After the concanavalin A (ConA) was added to the liposome preparation, increase in liposome size and their aggregation has been observed. The enlargement of liposomes was ascribed to the specific binding of the ConA to the mannose present on the surface of the prepared liposomes. Thus, it has been shown that the adamantyl moiety from mannosylated 1-aminoadamantane and mannosylated adamantyltripeptides can be used as an anchor in the lipid bilayer for carbohydrate moiety exposed on the liposome surface.
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Ribić R, Habjanec L, Vranešić B, Frkanec R, Tomić S. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Mannose Derived Immunomodulating Adamantyltripeptides. CROAT CHEM ACTA 2011. [DOI: 10.5562/cca1827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Brgles M, Jurašin D, Sikirić MD, Frkanec R, Tomašić J. Entrapment of Ovalbumin into Liposomes—Factors Affecting Entrapment Efficiency, Liposome Size, and Zeta Potential. J Liposome Res 2008; 18:235-48. [DOI: 10.1080/08982100802312762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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DeNardis N, Žutić V, Svetličić V, Frkanec R, Tomašić J. In Situ Amperometric Characterization of Liposome Suspensions with Concomitant Oxygen Reduction. ELECTROANAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200703999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Frkanec R, Tomašić J. High Performance Liquid Chromatography in Analysis of Compounds Comprising the Elements of Bacterial Peptidoglycan Structure with Immunological Activity. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070701665709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruža Frkanec
- a Research and Development Department, Institute of Immunology, Inc. , Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelka Tomašić
- a Research and Development Department, Institute of Immunology, Inc. , Zagreb, Croatia
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