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Hansen CE, Kamermans A, Mol K, Berve K, Rodriguez-Mogeda C, Fung WK, van Het Hof B, Fontijn RD, van der Pol SMA, Michalick L, Kuebler WM, Kenkhuis B, van Roon-Mom W, Liedtke W, Engelhardt B, Kooij G, Witte ME, de Vries HE. Inflammation-induced TRPV4 channels exacerbate blood-brain barrier dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:72. [PMID: 38521959 PMCID: PMC10960997 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03069-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and immune cell migration into the central nervous system (CNS) are pathogenic drivers of multiple sclerosis (MS). Ways to reinstate BBB function and subsequently limit neuroinflammation present promising strategies to restrict disease progression. However, to date, the molecular players directing BBB impairment in MS remain poorly understood. One suggested candidate to impact BBB function is the transient receptor potential vanilloid-type 4 ion channel (TRPV4), but its specific role in MS pathogenesis remains unclear. Here, we investigated the role of TRPV4 in BBB dysfunction in MS. MAIN TEXT In human post-mortem MS brain tissue, we observed a region-specific increase in endothelial TRPV4 expression around mixed active/inactive lesions, which coincided with perivascular microglia enrichment in the same area. Using in vitro models, we identified that microglia-derived tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) induced brain endothelial TRPV4 expression. Also, we found that TRPV4 levels influenced brain endothelial barrier formation via expression of the brain endothelial tight junction molecule claudin-5. In contrast, during an inflammatory insult, TRPV4 promoted a pathological endothelial molecular signature, as evidenced by enhanced expression of inflammatory mediators and cell adhesion molecules. Moreover, TRPV4 activity mediated T cell extravasation across the brain endothelium. CONCLUSION Collectively, our findings suggest a novel role for endothelial TRPV4 in MS, in which enhanced expression contributes to MS pathogenesis by driving BBB dysfunction and immune cell migration.
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Grants
- 813294 European Union´s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant (ENTRAIN)
- 813294 European Union´s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant (ENTRAIN)
- 813294 European Union´s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant (ENTRAIN)
- 813294 European Union´s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant (ENTRAIN)
- 91719305 Dutch Research Council, NWO, Vidi grant
- 91719305 Dutch Research Council, NWO, Vidi grant
- 91719305 Dutch Research Council, NWO, Vidi grant
- 18-1023MS Stichting MS Research
- 20-1106MS Stichting MS Research
- 20-1106MS Stichting MS Research
- 18-1023MS Stichting MS Research
- 20-1106MS Stichting MS Research
- 81X3100216 Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung
- SFB-TR84 : subprojects A02 & C09, SFB-1449 subproject B01, SFB 1470 subproject A04, KU1218/9-1, KU1218/11-1, and KU1218/12-1 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- PROVID (01KI20160A) and SYMPATH (01ZX1906A) Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- HA2016-02-02 Hersenstichting
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrin E Hansen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Alwin Kamermans
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin Mol
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kristina Berve
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carla Rodriguez-Mogeda
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wing Ka Fung
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bert van Het Hof
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud D Fontijn
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne M A van der Pol
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Michalick
- Institute of Physiology, Corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität to Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang M Kuebler
- Institute of Physiology, Corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität to Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Surgery and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Boyd Kenkhuis
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Willeke van Roon-Mom
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Liedtke
- Department of Neurology, Duke University, Durham, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
| | | | - Gijs Kooij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten E Witte
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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2
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Broos JY, van der Burgt RTM, Konings J, Rijnsburger M, Werz O, de Vries HE, Giera M, Kooij G. Arachidonic acid-derived lipid mediators in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis: fueling or dampening disease progression? J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:21. [PMID: 38233951 PMCID: PMC10792915 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02981-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by neuroinflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration. Considering the increasing prevalence among young adults worldwide and the disabling phenotype of the disease, a deeper understanding of the complexity of the disease pathogenesis is needed to ultimately improve diagnosis and personalize treatment opportunities. Recent findings suggest that bioactive lipid mediators (LM) derived from ω-3/-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), also termed eicosanoids, may contribute to MS pathogenesis. For example, disturbances in LM profiles and especially those derived from the ω-6 PUFA arachidonic acid (AA) have been reported in people with MS (PwMS), where they may contribute to the chronicity of neuroinflammatory processes. Moreover, we have previously shown that certain AA-derived LMs also associated with neurodegenerative processes in PwMS, suggesting that AA-derived LMs are involved in more pathological events than solely neuroinflammation. Yet, to date, a comprehensive overview of the contribution of these LMs to MS-associated pathological processes remains elusive. MAIN BODY This review summarizes and critically evaluates the current body of literature on the eicosanoid biosynthetic pathway and its contribution to key pathological hallmarks of MS during different disease stages. Various parts of the eicosanoid pathway are highlighted, namely, the prostanoid, leukotriene, and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) biochemical routes that include specific enzymes of the cyclooxygenases (COXs) and lipoxygenases (LOX) families. In addition, cellular sources of LMs and their potential target cells based on receptor expression profiles will be discussed in the context of MS. Finally, we propose novel therapeutic approaches based on eicosanoid pathway and/or receptor modulation to ultimately target chronic neuroinflammation, demyelination and neurodegeneration in MS. SHORT CONCLUSION The eicosanoid pathway is intrinsically linked to specific aspects of MS pathogenesis. Therefore, we propose that novel intervention strategies, with the aim of accurately modulating the eicosanoid pathway towards the biosynthesis of beneficial LMs, can potentially contribute to more patient- and MS subtype-specific treatment opportunities to combat MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelle Y Broos
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, location VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne T M van der Burgt
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, location VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julia Konings
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, location VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Merel Rijnsburger
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, location VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs Kooij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, location VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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3
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Vacondio D, Nogueira Pinto H, Coenen L, Mulder IA, Fontijn R, van Het Hof B, Fung WK, Jongejan A, Kooij G, Zelcer N, Rozemuller AJ, de Vries HE, de Wit NM. Liver X receptor alpha ensures blood-brain barrier function by suppressing SNAI2. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:781. [PMID: 38016947 PMCID: PMC10684660 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06316-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD) more than 50% of the patients are affected by capillary cerebral amyloid-angiopathy (capCAA), which is characterized by localized hypoxia, neuro-inflammation and loss of blood-brain barrier (BBB) function. Moreover, AD patients with or without capCAA display increased vessel number, indicating a reactivation of the angiogenic program. The molecular mechanism(s) responsible for BBB dysfunction and angiogenesis in capCAA is still unclear, preventing a full understanding of disease pathophysiology. The Liver X receptor (LXR) family, consisting of LXRα and LXRβ, was reported to inhibit angiogenesis and particularly LXRα was shown to secure BBB stability, suggesting a major role in vascular function. In this study, we unravel the regulatory mechanism exerted by LXRα to preserve BBB integrity in human brain endothelial cells (BECs) and investigate its role during pathological conditions. We report that LXRα ensures BECs identity via constitutive inhibition of the transcription factor SNAI2. Accordingly, deletion of brain endothelial LXRα is associated with impaired DLL4-NOTCH signalling, a critical signalling pathway involved in vessel sprouting. A similar response was observed when BECs were exposed to hypoxia, with concomitant LXRα decrease and SNAI2 increase. In support of our cell-based observations, we report a general increase in vascular SNAI2 in the occipital cortex of AD patients with and without capCAA. Importantly, SNAI2 strongly associated with vascular amyloid-beta deposition and angiopoietin-like 4, a marker for hypoxia. In hypoxic capCAA vessels, the expression of LXRα may decrease leading to an increased expression of SNAI2, and consequently BECs de-differentiation and sprouting. Our findings indicate that LXRα is essential for BECs identity, thereby securing BBB stability and preventing aberrant angiogenesis. These results uncover a novel molecular pathway essential for BBB identity and vascular homeostasis providing new insights on the vascular pathology affecting AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Vacondio
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - H Nogueira Pinto
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L Coenen
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Department of Neurobiology and Aging, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - I A Mulder
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R Fontijn
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - B van Het Hof
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W K Fung
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A Jongejan
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Methodology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Kooij
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - N Zelcer
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam Department of Medical Biochemistry, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A J Rozemuller
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - H E de Vries
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - N M de Wit
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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4
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Broos JY, Loonstra FC, de Ruiter LRJ, Gouda M, Fung WH, Schoonheim MM, Heijink M, Strijbis EMM, Teunissen C, Killestein J, de Vries HE, Giera M, Uitdehaag BMJ, Kooij G. Association of Arachidonic Acid-Derived Lipid Mediators With Disease Severity in Patients With Relapsing and Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. Neurology 2023; 101:e533-e545. [PMID: 37290971 PMCID: PMC10401685 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Excessive activation of certain lipid mediator (LM) pathways plays a role in the complex pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the relationship between bioactive LMs and different aspects of CNS-related pathophysiologic processes remains largely unknown. Therefore, in this study, we assessed the association of bioactive LMs belonging to the ω-3/ω-6 lipid classes with clinical and biochemical (serum neurofilament light [sNfL] and serum glial fibrillary acidic protein [sGFAP]) parameters and MRI-based brain volumes in patients with MS (PwMS) and healthy controls (HCs). METHODS A targeted high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry approach was used on plasma samples of PwMS and HCs of the Project Y cohort, a cross-sectional population-based cohort that contains PwMS all born in 1966 in the Netherlands and age-matched HCs. LMs were compared between PwMS and HCs and were correlated with levels of sNfL, sGFAP, disability (Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS]), and brain volumes. Finally, significant correlates were included in a backward multivariate regression model to identify which LMs best related to disability. RESULTS The study sample consisted of 170 patients with relapsing remitting MS (RRMS), 115 patients with progressive MS (PMS), and 125 HCs. LM profiles of patients with PMS significantly differed from those of patients with RRMS and HCs, particularly patients with PMS showed elevated levels of several arachidonic acid (AA) derivatives. In particular, 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) (r = 0.24, p < 0.001) correlated (average r = 0.2, p < 0.05) with clinical and biochemical parameters such as EDSS and sNfL. In addition, higher 15-HETE levels were related to lower total brain (r = -0.24, p = 0.04) and deep gray matter volumes (r = -0.27, p = 0.02) in patients with PMS and higher lesion volume (r = 0.15, p = 0.03) in all PwMS. DISCUSSION In PwMS of the same birth year, we show that ω-3 and ω-6 LMs are associated with disability, biochemical parameters (sNfL, GFAP), and MRI measures. Furthermore, our findings indicate that, particularly, in patients with PMS, elevated levels of specific products of the AA pathway, such as 15-HETE, associate with neurodegenerative processes. Our findings highlight the potential relevance of ω-6 LMs in the pathogenesis of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelle Y Broos
- From the MS Center Amsterdam (J.Y.B., W.H.F., H.E.d.V., G.K.), Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc; Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC) (J.Y.B., M.H., M.A.G.), Center of Proteomics and Metabolomics; MS Center Amsterdam (F.C.L., L.R.J.d.R., W.H.F., E.M.M.S., J.K., B.M.J.U.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.T.E.E.G., C.T.), Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, and MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, the Netherlands
| | - Floor C Loonstra
- From the MS Center Amsterdam (J.Y.B., W.H.F., H.E.d.V., G.K.), Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc; Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC) (J.Y.B., M.H., M.A.G.), Center of Proteomics and Metabolomics; MS Center Amsterdam (F.C.L., L.R.J.d.R., W.H.F., E.M.M.S., J.K., B.M.J.U.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.T.E.E.G., C.T.), Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, and MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, the Netherlands
| | - Lodewijk R J de Ruiter
- From the MS Center Amsterdam (J.Y.B., W.H.F., H.E.d.V., G.K.), Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc; Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC) (J.Y.B., M.H., M.A.G.), Center of Proteomics and Metabolomics; MS Center Amsterdam (F.C.L., L.R.J.d.R., W.H.F., E.M.M.S., J.K., B.M.J.U.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.T.E.E.G., C.T.), Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, and MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, the Netherlands
| | - Mariam Gouda
- From the MS Center Amsterdam (J.Y.B., W.H.F., H.E.d.V., G.K.), Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc; Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC) (J.Y.B., M.H., M.A.G.), Center of Proteomics and Metabolomics; MS Center Amsterdam (F.C.L., L.R.J.d.R., W.H.F., E.M.M.S., J.K., B.M.J.U.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.T.E.E.G., C.T.), Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, and MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, the Netherlands
| | - Wing Hee Fung
- From the MS Center Amsterdam (J.Y.B., W.H.F., H.E.d.V., G.K.), Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc; Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC) (J.Y.B., M.H., M.A.G.), Center of Proteomics and Metabolomics; MS Center Amsterdam (F.C.L., L.R.J.d.R., W.H.F., E.M.M.S., J.K., B.M.J.U.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.T.E.E.G., C.T.), Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, and MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, the Netherlands
| | - Menno M Schoonheim
- From the MS Center Amsterdam (J.Y.B., W.H.F., H.E.d.V., G.K.), Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc; Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC) (J.Y.B., M.H., M.A.G.), Center of Proteomics and Metabolomics; MS Center Amsterdam (F.C.L., L.R.J.d.R., W.H.F., E.M.M.S., J.K., B.M.J.U.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.T.E.E.G., C.T.), Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, and MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Heijink
- From the MS Center Amsterdam (J.Y.B., W.H.F., H.E.d.V., G.K.), Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc; Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC) (J.Y.B., M.H., M.A.G.), Center of Proteomics and Metabolomics; MS Center Amsterdam (F.C.L., L.R.J.d.R., W.H.F., E.M.M.S., J.K., B.M.J.U.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.T.E.E.G., C.T.), Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, and MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, the Netherlands
| | - Eva M M Strijbis
- From the MS Center Amsterdam (J.Y.B., W.H.F., H.E.d.V., G.K.), Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc; Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC) (J.Y.B., M.H., M.A.G.), Center of Proteomics and Metabolomics; MS Center Amsterdam (F.C.L., L.R.J.d.R., W.H.F., E.M.M.S., J.K., B.M.J.U.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.T.E.E.G., C.T.), Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, and MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Teunissen
- From the MS Center Amsterdam (J.Y.B., W.H.F., H.E.d.V., G.K.), Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc; Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC) (J.Y.B., M.H., M.A.G.), Center of Proteomics and Metabolomics; MS Center Amsterdam (F.C.L., L.R.J.d.R., W.H.F., E.M.M.S., J.K., B.M.J.U.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.T.E.E.G., C.T.), Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, and MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, the Netherlands
| | - Joep Killestein
- From the MS Center Amsterdam (J.Y.B., W.H.F., H.E.d.V., G.K.), Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc; Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC) (J.Y.B., M.H., M.A.G.), Center of Proteomics and Metabolomics; MS Center Amsterdam (F.C.L., L.R.J.d.R., W.H.F., E.M.M.S., J.K., B.M.J.U.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.T.E.E.G., C.T.), Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, and MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, the Netherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- From the MS Center Amsterdam (J.Y.B., W.H.F., H.E.d.V., G.K.), Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc; Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC) (J.Y.B., M.H., M.A.G.), Center of Proteomics and Metabolomics; MS Center Amsterdam (F.C.L., L.R.J.d.R., W.H.F., E.M.M.S., J.K., B.M.J.U.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.T.E.E.G., C.T.), Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, and MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- From the MS Center Amsterdam (J.Y.B., W.H.F., H.E.d.V., G.K.), Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc; Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC) (J.Y.B., M.H., M.A.G.), Center of Proteomics and Metabolomics; MS Center Amsterdam (F.C.L., L.R.J.d.R., W.H.F., E.M.M.S., J.K., B.M.J.U.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.T.E.E.G., C.T.), Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, and MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, the Netherlands
| | - Bernard M J Uitdehaag
- From the MS Center Amsterdam (J.Y.B., W.H.F., H.E.d.V., G.K.), Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc; Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC) (J.Y.B., M.H., M.A.G.), Center of Proteomics and Metabolomics; MS Center Amsterdam (F.C.L., L.R.J.d.R., W.H.F., E.M.M.S., J.K., B.M.J.U.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.T.E.E.G., C.T.), Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, and MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, the Netherlands
| | - Gijs Kooij
- From the MS Center Amsterdam (J.Y.B., W.H.F., H.E.d.V., G.K.), Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc; Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC) (J.Y.B., M.H., M.A.G.), Center of Proteomics and Metabolomics; MS Center Amsterdam (F.C.L., L.R.J.d.R., W.H.F., E.M.M.S., J.K., B.M.J.U.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.T.E.E.G., C.T.), Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, and MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, the Netherlands.
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5
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Grajchen E, Loix M, Baeten P, Côrte-Real BF, Hamad I, Vanherle S, Haidar M, Dehairs J, Broos JY, Ntambi JM, Zimmermann R, Breinbauer R, Stinissen P, Hellings N, Verberk SGS, Kooij G, Giera M, Swinnen JV, Broux B, Kleinewietfeld M, Hendriks JJA, Bogie JFJ. Fatty acid desaturation by stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 controls regulatory T cell differentiation and autoimmunity. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:666-679. [PMID: 37041314 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The imbalance between pathogenic and protective T cell subsets is a cardinal feature of autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Emerging evidence indicates that endogenous and dietary-induced changes in fatty acid metabolism have a major impact on both T cell fate and autoimmunity. To date, however, the molecular mechanisms that underlie the impact of fatty acid metabolism on T cell physiology and autoimmunity remain poorly understood. Here, we report that stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), an enzyme essential for the desaturation of fatty acids and highly regulated by dietary factors, acts as an endogenous brake on regulatory T-cell (Treg) differentiation and augments autoimmunity in an animal model of MS in a T cell-dependent manner. Guided by RNA sequencing and lipidomics analysis, we found that the absence of Scd1 in T cells promotes the hydrolysis of triglycerides and phosphatidylcholine through adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). ATGL-dependent release of docosahexaenoic acid enhanced Treg differentiation by activating the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. Our findings identify fatty acid desaturation by SCD1 as an essential determinant of Treg differentiation and autoimmunity, with potentially broad implications for the development of novel therapeutic strategies and dietary interventions for autoimmune disorders such as MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elien Grajchen
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Melanie Loix
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Paulien Baeten
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
- Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Beatriz F Côrte-Real
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
- VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ibrahim Hamad
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
- VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sam Vanherle
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Mansour Haidar
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Jonas Dehairs
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, LKI - Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jelle Y Broos
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - James M Ntambi
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Robert Zimmermann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rolf Breinbauer
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Piet Stinissen
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Niels Hellings
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
- Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sanne G S Verberk
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Gijs Kooij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes V Swinnen
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, LKI - Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bieke Broux
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
- Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Kleinewietfeld
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
- VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jerome J A Hendriks
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Jeroen F J Bogie
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium.
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6
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Reemst K, Broos JY, Abbink MR, Cimetti C, Giera M, Kooij G, Korosi A. Early-life stress and dietary fatty acids impact the brain lipid/oxylipin profile into adulthood, basally and in response to LPS. Front Immunol 2022; 13:967437. [PMID: 36131915 PMCID: PMC9484596 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.967437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain lipid dysregulation is a hallmark of depression and Alzheimer's disease, also marked by chronic inflammation. Early-life stress (ELS) and dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are risk factors for these pathologies and are known to impact inflammatory processes. However, if these early-life factors alter brain lipid homeostasis on the long-term and thereby contribute to this risk remains to be elucidated. We have recently shown that an early diet enriched in omega(ω)-3 PUFAs protected against the long-term negative effects of ELS on cognition and neuroinflammation. Here, we aim to understand if modulation of brain lipid and oxylipin profiles contributes to the detrimental effects of ELS and the protective ones of the diet. We therefore studied if and how ELS and early dietary PUFAs modulate the brain lipid and oxylipin profile, basally as well as in response to an inflammatory challenge, to unmask possible latent effects. Male mice were exposed to ELS via the limited bedding and nesting paradigm, received an early diet with high or low ω6/ω3 ratio (HRD and LRD) and were injected with saline or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in adulthood. Twenty-four hours later plasma cytokines (Multiplex) and hypothalamic lipids and oxylipins (liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry) were measured. ELS exacerbated the LPS-induced increase in IL-6, CXCL1 and CCL2. Both ELS and diet affected the lipid/oxylipin profile long-term. For example, ELS increased diacylglycerol and LRD reduced triacylglycerol, free fatty acids and ceramides. Importantly, the ELS-induced alterations were strongly influenced by the early diet. For example, the ELS-induced decrease in eicosapentaenoic acid was reversed when fed LRD. Similarly, the majority of the LPS-induced alterations were distinct for control and ELS exposed mice and unique for mice fed with LRD or HRD. LPS decreased ceramides and lysophosphotidylcholine, increased hexosylceramides and prostaglandin E2, reduced triacylglycerol species and ω6-derived oxylipins only in mice fed LRD and ELS reduced the LPS-induced increase in phosphatidylcholine. These data give further insights into the alterations in brain lipids and oxylipins that might contribute to the detrimental effects of ELS, to the protective ones of LRD and the possible early-origin of brain lipid dyshomeostasis characterizing ELS-related psychopathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitty Reemst
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jelle Y. Broos
- Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands,Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Maralinde R. Abbink
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Chiara Cimetti
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Gijs Kooij
- Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Aniko Korosi
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Aniko Korosi,
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7
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Hermans D, Houben E, Baeten P, Slaets H, Janssens K, Hoeks C, Hosseinkhani B, Duran G, Bormans S, Gowing E, Hoornaert C, Beckers L, Fung WK, Schroten H, Ishikawa H, Fraussen J, Thoelen R, de Vries HE, Kooij G, Zandee S, Prat A, Hellings N, Broux B. Oncostatin M triggers brain inflammation by compromising blood-brain barrier integrity. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 144:259-281. [PMID: 35666306 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02445-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oncostatin M (OSM) is an IL-6 family member which exerts neuroprotective and remyelination-promoting effects after damage to the central nervous system (CNS). However, the role of OSM in neuro-inflammation is poorly understood. Here, we investigated OSM's role in pathological events important for the neuro-inflammatory disorder multiple sclerosis (MS). We show that OSM receptor (OSMRβ) expression is increased on circulating lymphocytes of MS patients, indicating their elevated responsiveness to OSM signalling. In addition, OSM production by activated myeloid cells and astrocytes is increased in MS brain lesions. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a preclinical model of MS, OSMRβ-deficient mice exhibit milder clinical symptoms, accompanied by diminished T helper 17 (Th17) cell infiltration into the CNS and reduced BBB leakage. In vitro, OSM reduces BBB integrity by downregulating the junctional molecules claudin-5 and VE-cadherin, while promoting secretion of the Th17-attracting chemokine CCL20 by inflamed BBB-endothelial cells and reactive astrocytes. Using flow cytometric fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) quantification, we found that OSM-induced endothelial CCL20 promotes activation of lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) on Th17 cells. Moreover, CCL20 enhances Th17 cell adhesion to OSM-treated inflamed endothelial cells, which is at least in part ICAM-1 mediated. Together, these data identify an OSM-CCL20 axis, in which OSM contributes significantly to BBB impairment during neuro-inflammation by inducing permeability while recruiting Th17 cells via enhanced endothelial CCL20 secretion and integrin activation. Therefore, care should be taken when considering OSM as a therapeutic agent for treatment of neuro-inflammatory diseases such as MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doryssa Hermans
- University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Evelien Houben
- University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Paulien Baeten
- University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Helena Slaets
- University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Kris Janssens
- University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Cindy Hoeks
- University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Baharak Hosseinkhani
- University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Gayel Duran
- University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Seppe Bormans
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Elizabeth Gowing
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Chloé Hoornaert
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lien Beckers
- University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Wing Ka Fung
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Horst Schroten
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Children's Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Judith Fraussen
- University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ronald Thoelen
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs Kooij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Zandee
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Niels Hellings
- University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Bieke Broux
- University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium. .,Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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8
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Rodríguez-Lorenzo S, van Olst L, Rodriguez-Mogeda C, Kamermans A, van der Pol SMA, Rodríguez E, Kooij G, de Vries HE. Single-cell profiling reveals periventricular CD56 bright NK cell accumulation in multiple sclerosis. eLife 2022; 11:73849. [PMID: 35536009 PMCID: PMC9135404 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease characterised by immune cell infiltration resulting in lesions that preferentially affect periventricular areas of the brain. Despite research efforts to define the role of various immune cells in MS pathogenesis, the focus has been on a few immune cell populations while full-spectrum analysis, encompassing others such as natural killer (NK) cells, has not been performed. Here, we used single-cell mass cytometry (CyTOF) to profile the immune landscape of brain periventricular areas – septum and choroid plexus – and of the circulation from donors with MS, dementia and controls without neurological disease. Using a 37-marker panel, we revealed the infiltration of T cells and antibody-secreting cells in periventricular brain regions and identified a novel NK cell signature specific to MS. CD56bright NK cells were accumulated in the septum of MS donors and displayed an activated and migratory phenotype, similar to that of CD56bright NK cells in the circulation. We validated this signature by multiplex immunohistochemistry and found that the number of NK cells with high expression of granzyme K, typical of the CD56bright subset, was increased in both periventricular lesions and the choroid plexus of donors with MS. Together, our multi-tissue single-cell data shows that CD56bright NK cells accumulate in the periventricular brain regions of MS patients, bringing NK cells back to the spotlight of MS pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabela Rodríguez-Lorenzo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lynn van Olst
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carla Rodriguez-Mogeda
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alwin Kamermans
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Susanne M A van der Pol
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ernesto Rodríguez
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gijs Kooij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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9
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Zuo H, van Lierop MJC, Kaspers J, Bos R, Reurs A, Sarkar S, Konry T, Kamermans A, Kooij G, de Vries HE, de Gruijl TD, Karlsson-Parra A, Manting EH, Kruisbeek AM, Singh SK. Transfer of Cellular Content from the Allogeneic Cell-Based Cancer Vaccine DCP-001 to Host Dendritic Cells Hinges on Phosphatidylserine and Is Enhanced by CD47 Blockade. Cells 2021; 10:3233. [PMID: 34831455 PMCID: PMC8625408 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
DCP-001 is a cell-based cancer vaccine generated by differentiation and maturation of cells from the human DCOne myeloid leukemic cell line. This results in a vaccine comprising a broad array of endogenous tumor antigens combined with a mature dendritic cell (mDC) costimulatory profile, functioning as a local inflammatory adjuvant when injected into an allogeneic recipient. Intradermal DCP-001 vaccination has been shown to be safe and feasible as a post-remission therapy in acute myeloid leukemia. In the current study, the mode of action of DCP-001 was further characterized by static and dynamic analysis of the interaction between labelled DCP-001 and host antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Direct cell-cell interactions and uptake of DCP-001 cellular content by APCs were shown to depend on DCP-001 cell surface expression of calreticulin and phosphatidylserine, while blockade of CD47 enhanced the process. Injection of DCP-001 in an ex vivo human skin model led to its uptake by activated skin-emigrating DCs. These data suggest that, following intradermal DCP-001 vaccination, local and recruited host APCs capture tumor-associated antigens from the vaccine, become activated and migrate to the draining lymph nodes to subsequently (re)activate tumor-reactive T-cells. The improved uptake of DCP-001 by blocking CD47 rationalizes the possible combination of DCP-001 vaccination with CD47 blocking therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiao Zuo
- Immunicum, Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, The Netherlands; (H.Z.); (J.K.); (R.B.); (A.R.); (A.K.-P.); (E.H.M.); (A.M.K.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Marie-José C. van Lierop
- Immunicum, Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, The Netherlands; (H.Z.); (J.K.); (R.B.); (A.R.); (A.K.-P.); (E.H.M.); (A.M.K.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Jorn Kaspers
- Immunicum, Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, The Netherlands; (H.Z.); (J.K.); (R.B.); (A.R.); (A.K.-P.); (E.H.M.); (A.M.K.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Remco Bos
- Immunicum, Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, The Netherlands; (H.Z.); (J.K.); (R.B.); (A.R.); (A.K.-P.); (E.H.M.); (A.M.K.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Anneke Reurs
- Immunicum, Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, The Netherlands; (H.Z.); (J.K.); (R.B.); (A.R.); (A.K.-P.); (E.H.M.); (A.M.K.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Saheli Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Tania Konry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Alwin Kamermans
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.K.); (G.K.); (H.E.d.V.)
| | - Gijs Kooij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.K.); (G.K.); (H.E.d.V.)
| | - Helga E. de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.K.); (G.K.); (H.E.d.V.)
| | - Tanja D. de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Alex Karlsson-Parra
- Immunicum, Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, The Netherlands; (H.Z.); (J.K.); (R.B.); (A.R.); (A.K.-P.); (E.H.M.); (A.M.K.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Erik H. Manting
- Immunicum, Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, The Netherlands; (H.Z.); (J.K.); (R.B.); (A.R.); (A.K.-P.); (E.H.M.); (A.M.K.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Ada M. Kruisbeek
- Immunicum, Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, The Netherlands; (H.Z.); (J.K.); (R.B.); (A.R.); (A.K.-P.); (E.H.M.); (A.M.K.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Satwinder Kaur Singh
- Immunicum, Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, The Netherlands; (H.Z.); (J.K.); (R.B.); (A.R.); (A.K.-P.); (E.H.M.); (A.M.K.); (S.K.S.)
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10
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Derada Troletti C, Enzmann G, Chiurchiù V, Kamermans A, Tietz SM, Norris PC, Jahromi NH, Leuti A, van der Pol SMA, Schouten M, Serhan CN, de Vries HE, Engelhardt B, Kooij G. Pro-resolving lipid mediator lipoxin A 4 attenuates neuro-inflammation by modulating T cell responses and modifies the spinal cord lipidome. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109201. [PMID: 34077725 PMCID: PMC8491454 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The chronic neuro-inflammatory character of multiple sclerosis (MS) suggests that the natural process to resolve inflammation is impaired. This protective process is orchestrated by specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs), but to date, the role of SPMs in MS remains largely unknown. Here, we provide in vivo evidence that treatment with the SPM lipoxin A4 (LXA4) ameliorates clinical symptoms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and inhibits CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration into the central nervous system (CNS). Moreover, we show that LXA4 potently reduces encephalitogenic Th1 and Th17 effector functions, both in vivo and in isolated human T cells from healthy donors and patients with relapsing-remitting MS. Finally, we demonstrate that LXA4 affects the spinal cord lipidome by significantly reducing the levels of pro-inflammatory lipid mediators during EAE. Collectively, our findings provide mechanistic insight into LXA4-mediated amelioration of neuro-inflammation and highlight the potential clinical application of LXA4 for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Derada Troletti
- MS Center Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gaby Enzmann
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Valerio Chiurchiù
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, 00133 Rome, Italy; Laboratory of Resolution of Neuroinflammation, European Center for Brain Research, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Alwin Kamermans
- MS Center Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Paul C Norris
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Alessandro Leuti
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Susanne M A van der Pol
- MS Center Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marijn Schouten
- MS Center Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Helga E de Vries
- MS Center Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Britta Engelhardt
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gijs Kooij
- MS Center Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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11
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de Wit NM, Mol K, Rodríguez-Lorenzo S, de Vries HE, Kooij G. The Role of Sphingolipids and Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 11:620348. [PMID: 33633739 PMCID: PMC7902029 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.620348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia worldwide giving rise to devastating forms of cognitive decline, which impacts patients’ lives and that of their proxies. Pathologically, AD is characterized by extracellular amyloid deposition, neurofibrillary tangles and chronic neuroinflammation. To date, there is no cure that prevents progression of AD. In this review, we elaborate on how bioactive lipids, including sphingolipids (SL) and specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPM), affect ongoing neuroinflammatory processes during AD and how we may exploit them for the development of new biomarker panels and/or therapies. In particular, we here describe how SPM and SL metabolism, ranging from ω-3/6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and their metabolites to ceramides and sphingosine-1-phosphate, initiates pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling cascades in the central nervous system (CNS) and what changes occur therein during AD pathology. Finally, we discuss novel therapeutic approaches to resolve chronic neuroinflammation in AD by modulating the SPM and SL pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke M de Wit
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kevin Mol
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sabela Rodríguez-Lorenzo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gijs Kooij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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12
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Baardman J, Verberk SGS, van der Velden S, Gijbels MJJ, van Roomen CPPA, Sluimer JC, Broos JY, Griffith GR, Prange KHM, van Weeghel M, Lakbir S, Molenaar D, Meinster E, Neele AE, Kooij G, de Vries HE, Lutgens E, Wellen KE, de Winther MPJ, Van den Bossche J. Macrophage ATP citrate lyase deficiency stabilizes atherosclerotic plaques. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6296. [PMID: 33293558 PMCID: PMC7722882 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20141-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages represent a major immune cell population in atherosclerotic plaques and play central role in the progression of this lipid-driven chronic inflammatory disease. Targeting immunometabolism is proposed as a strategy to revert aberrant macrophage activation to improve disease outcome. Here, we show ATP citrate lyase (Acly) to be activated in inflammatory macrophages and human atherosclerotic plaques. We demonstrate that myeloid Acly deficiency induces a stable plaque phenotype characterized by increased collagen deposition and fibrous cap thickness, along with a smaller necrotic core. In-depth functional, lipidomic, and transcriptional characterization indicate deregulated fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis and reduced liver X receptor activation within the macrophages in vitro. This results in macrophages that are more prone to undergo apoptosis, whilst maintaining their capacity to phagocytose apoptotic cells. Together, our results indicate that targeting macrophage metabolism improves atherosclerosis outcome and we reveal Acly as a promising therapeutic target to stabilize atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Baardman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sanne G S Verberk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Saskia van der Velden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marion J J Gijbels
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics, CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Cindy P P A van Roomen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Judith C Sluimer
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics, CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences (CVS), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jelle Y Broos
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics & Metabolomics, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Guillermo R Griffith
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Koen H M Prange
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michel van Weeghel
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Cardiovascular sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Soufyan Lakbir
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Systems Bioinformatics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Douwe Molenaar
- Systems Bioinformatics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elisa Meinster
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annette E Neele
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gijs Kooij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathryn E Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. .,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
| | - Jan Van den Bossche
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. .,Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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13
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Rodríguez-Lorenzo S, Ferreira Francisco DM, Vos R, van het Hof B, Rijnsburger M, Schroten H, Ishikawa H, Beaino W, Bruggmann R, Kooij G, de Vries HE. Altered secretory and neuroprotective function of the choroid plexus in progressive multiple sclerosis. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:35. [PMID: 32192527 PMCID: PMC7083003 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00903-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The choroid plexus (CP) is a key regulator of the central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis through its secretory, immunological and barrier properties. Accumulating evidence suggests that the CP plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), but the underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive. To get a comprehensive view on the role of the CP in MS, we studied transcriptomic alterations of the human CP in progressive MS and non-neurological disease controls using RNA sequencing. We identified 17 genes with significantly higher expression in progressive MS patients relative to that in controls. Among them is the newly described long non-coding RNA HIF1A-AS3. Next to that, we uncovered disease-affected pathways related to hypoxia, secretion and neuroprotection, while only subtle immunological and no barrier alterations were observed. In an ex vivo CP explant model, a subset of the upregulated genes responded in a similar way to hypoxic conditions. Our results suggest a deregulation of the Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF)-1 pathway in progressive MS CP. Importantly, cerebrospinal fluid levels of the hypoxia-responsive secreted peptide PAI-1 were higher in MS patients with high disability relative to those with low disability. These findings provide for the first time a complete overview of the CP transcriptome in health and disease, and suggest that the CP environment becomes hypoxic in progressive MS patients, highlighting the altered secretory and neuroprotective properties of the CP under neuropathological conditions. Together, these findings provide novel insights to target the CP and promote the secretion of neuroprotective factors into the CNS of progressive MS patients.
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14
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Rodríguez-Lorenzo S, Konings J, van der Pol S, Kamermans A, Amor S, van Horssen J, Witte ME, Kooij G, de Vries HE. Correction to: Inflammation of the choroid plexus in progressive multiple sclerosis: accumulation of granulocytes and T cells. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:24. [PMID: 32102692 PMCID: PMC7045515 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00899-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The original publication of this article [1] contained an incorrect author name. The correct and incorrect information is shown in this correction article. The original article has been updated.
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15
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Rodríguez-Lorenzo S, Konings J, van der Pol S, Kamermans A, Amor S, van Horssen J, Witte ME, Kooij G, de Vries HE. Inflammation of the choroid plexus in progressive multiple sclerosis: accumulation of granulocytes and T cells. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:9. [PMID: 32014066 PMCID: PMC6998074 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-0885-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The choroid plexus (CP) is strategically located between the peripheral blood and the cerebrospinal fluid, and is involved in the regulation of central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis. In multiple sclerosis (MS), demyelination and inflammation occur in the CNS. While experimental animal models of MS pointed to the CP as a key route for immune cell invasion of the CNS, little is known about the distribution of immune cells in the human CP during progressive phases of MS. Here, we use immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy to explore the main immune cell populations in the CP of progressive MS patients and non-neuroinflammatory controls, in terms of abundance and location within the distinct CP compartments. We show for the first time that the CP stromal density of granulocytes and CD8+ T cells is higher in progressive MS patients compared to controls. In line with previous studies, the CP of both controls and progressive MS patients contains relatively high numbers of macrophages and dendritic cells. Moreover, we found virtually no B cells or plasma cells in the CP. MHCII+ antigen-presenting cells were often found in close proximity to T cells, suggesting constitutive CNS immune monitoring functions of the CP. Together, our data highlights the role of the CP in immune homeostasis and indicates the occurrence of mild inflammatory processes in the CP of progressive MS patients. However, our findings suggest that the CP is only marginally involved in immune cell migration into the CNS in chronic MS.
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16
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van Wageningen TA, Vlaar E, Kooij G, Jongenelen CAM, Geurts JJG, van Dam AM. Regulation of microglial TMEM119 and P2RY12 immunoreactivity in multiple sclerosis white and grey matter lesions is dependent on their inflammatory environment. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:206. [PMID: 31829283 PMCID: PMC6907356 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0850-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the most common cause of acquired neurological disability in young adults, pathologically characterized by leukocyte infiltration of the central nervous system, demyelination of the white and grey matter, and subsequent axonal loss. Microglia are proposed to play a role in MS lesion formation, however previous literature has not been able to distinguish infiltrated macrophages from microglia. Therefore, in this study we utilize the microglia-specific, homeostatic markers TMEM119 and P2RY12 to characterize their immunoreactivity in MS grey matter lesions in comparison to white matter lesions. Furthermore, we assessed the immunological status of the white and grey matter lesions, as well as the responsivity of human white and grey matter derived microglia to inflammatory mediators. We are the first to show that white and grey matter lesions in post-mortem human material differ in their immunoreactivity for the homeostatic microglia-specific markers TMEM119 and P2RY12. In particular, whereas immunoreactivity for TMEM119 and P2RY12 is decreased in the center of WMLs, immunoreactivity for both markers is not altered in GMLs. Based on data from post-mortem human microglia cultures, treated with IL-4 or IFNγ+LPS and on counts of CD3+ or CD20+ lymphocytes in lesions, we show that downregulation of TMEM119 and P2RY12 immunoreactivity in MS lesions corresponds with the presence of lymphocytes and lymphocyte-derived cytokines within the parenchyma but not in the meninges. Furthermore, the presence of TMEM119+ and partly P2RY12+ microglia in pre-active lesions as well as in the rim of active white and grey matter lesions, in addition to TMEM119+ and P2RY12+ rod-like microglia in subpial grey matter lesions suggest that blocking the entrance of lymphocytes into the CNS of MS patients may not interfere with all possible effects of TMEM119+ and P2RY12+ microglia in both white and grey matter MS lesions.
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17
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Kooij G, Troletti CD, Leuti A, Norris PC, Riley I, Albanese M, Ruggieri S, Libreros S, van der Pol SMA, van Het Hof B, Schell Y, Guerrera G, Buttari F, Mercuri NB, Centonze D, Gasperini C, Battistini L, de Vries HE, Serhan CN, Chiurchiù V. Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators are differentially altered in peripheral blood of patients with multiple sclerosis and attenuate monocyte and blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Haematologica 2019; 105:2056-2070. [PMID: 31780628 PMCID: PMC7395264 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.219519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a key pathological hallmark of multiple sclerosis (MS) and suggests that resolution of inflammation, orchestrated by specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (LM), is impaired. Here, through targeted-metabololipidomics in peripheral blood of patients with MS, we revealed that each disease form was associated with distinct LM profiles that significantly correlated with disease severity. In particular, relapsing and progressive MS patients were associated with high eicosanoids levels, whereas the majority of pro-resolving LM were significantly reduced or below limits of detection and correlated with disease progression. Furthermore, we found impaired expression of several pro-resolving LM biosynthetic enzymes and receptors in blood-derived leukocytes of MS patients. Mechanistically, differentially expressed mediators like LXA4, LXB4, RvD1 and PD1 reduced MS-derived monocyte activation and cytokine production, and inhibited inflammation-induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction and monocyte transendothelial migration. Altogether, these findings reveal peripheral defects in the resolution pathway in MS, suggesting pro-resolving LM as novel diagnostic biomarkers and potentially safe therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs Kooij
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Claudio Derada Troletti
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alessandro Leuti
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,European Center for Brain Research, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Paul C Norris
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ian Riley
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Albanese
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stephania Libreros
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susanne M A van der Pol
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bert van Het Hof
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yoëlle Schell
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gisella Guerrera
- European Center for Brain Research, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Buttari
- Unit of Neurology and Unit of Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Nicola Biagio Mercuri
- European Center for Brain Research, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Neurology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Centonze
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Unit of Neurology and Unit of Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | | | - Luca Battistini
- European Center for Brain Research, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Valerio Chiurchiù
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy .,European Center for Brain Research, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
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18
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Seijkens TTP, van Tiel CM, Kusters PJH, Atzler D, Soehnlein O, Zarzycka B, Aarts SABM, Lameijer M, Gijbels MJ, Beckers L, den Toom M, Slütter B, Kuiper J, Duchene J, Aslani M, Megens RTA, van 't Veer C, Kooij G, Schrijver R, Hoeksema MA, Boon L, Fay F, Tang J, Baxter S, Jongejan A, Moerland PD, Vriend G, Bleijlevens B, Fisher EA, Duivenvoorden R, Gerdes N, de Winther MPJ, Nicolaes GA, Mulder WJM, Weber C, Lutgens E. Targeting CD40-Induced TRAF6 Signaling in Macrophages Reduces Atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 71:527-542. [PMID: 29406859 PMCID: PMC5800892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Disrupting the costimulatory CD40-CD40L dyad reduces atherosclerosis, but can result in immune suppression. The authors recently identified small molecule inhibitors that block the interaction between CD40 and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) 6 (TRAF-STOPs), while leaving CD40-TRAF2/3/5 interactions intact, thereby preserving CD40-mediated immunity. Objectives This study evaluates the potential of TRAF-STOP treatment in atherosclerosis. Methods The effects of TRAF-STOPs on atherosclerosis were investigated in apolipoprotein E deficient (Apoe−/−) mice. Recombinant high-density lipoprotein (rHDL) nanoparticles were used to target TRAF-STOPs to macrophages. Results TRAF-STOP treatment of young Apoe−/− mice reduced atherosclerosis by reducing CD40 and integrin expression in classical monocytes, thereby hampering monocyte recruitment. When Apoe−/− mice with established atherosclerosis were treated with TRAF-STOPs, plaque progression was halted, and plaques contained an increase in collagen, developed small necrotic cores, and contained only a few immune cells. TRAF-STOP treatment did not impair “classical” immune pathways of CD40, including T-cell proliferation and costimulation, Ig isotype switching, or germinal center formation, but reduced CD40 and β2-integrin expression in inflammatory monocytes. In vitro testing and transcriptional profiling showed that TRAF-STOPs are effective in reducing macrophage migration and activation, which could be attributed to reduced phosphorylation of signaling intermediates of the canonical NF-κB pathway. To target TRAF-STOPs specifically to macrophages, TRAF-STOP 6877002 was incorporated into rHDL nanoparticles. Six weeks of rHDL-6877002 treatment attenuated the initiation of atherosclerosis in Apoe−/− mice. Conclusions TRAF-STOPs can overcome the current limitations of long-term CD40 inhibition in atherosclerosis and have the potential to become a future therapeutic for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom T P Seijkens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia M van Tiel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pascal J H Kusters
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dorothee Atzler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institut for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Zarzycka
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne A B M Aarts
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marnix Lameijer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marion J Gijbels
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Linda Beckers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Myrthe den Toom
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bram Slütter
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Johan Duchene
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Aslani
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Remco T A Megens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis van 't Veer
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gijs Kooij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roy Schrijver
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Marten A Hoeksema
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Francois Fay
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jun Tang
- Bioceros BV, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Samantha Baxter
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Aldo Jongejan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Perry D Moerland
- Department of Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gert Vriend
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (CMBI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Boris Bleijlevens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Edward A Fisher
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Raphael Duivenvoorden
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Norbert Gerdes
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerry A Nicolaes
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Willem J M Mulder
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
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Ilarregui JM, Kooij G, Rodríguez E, van der Pol SMA, Koning N, Kalay H, van der Horst JC, van Vliet SJ, García-Vallejo JJ, de Vries HE, van Kooyk Y. Macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL) is induced on M2 microglia and participates in the resolution phase of autoimmune neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:130. [PMID: 31248427 PMCID: PMC6598247 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1522-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) involves a misdirected immune attack against myelin in the brain and spinal cord, leading to profound neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. While the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis have been widely studied, the suppression mechanisms that lead to the resolution of the autoimmune response are still poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of the C-type lectin receptor macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL), usually expressed on tolerogenic antigen-presenting cells (APCs), as a negative regulator of autoimmune-driven neuroinflammation. METHODS We used in silico, immunohistochemical, immunofluorescence, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and flow cytometry analysis to explore the expression and functionality of MGL in human macrophages and microglia, as well as in MS post-mortem tissue. In vitro, we studied the capacity of MGL to mediate apoptosis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)-derived T cells and mouse CD4+ T cells. Finally, we evaluated in vivo and ex vivo the immunomodulatory potential of MGL in EAE. RESULTS MGL plays a critical role in the resolution phase of EAE as MGL1-deficient (Clec10a-/-) mice showed a similar day of onset but experienced a higher clinical score to that of WT littermates. We demonstrate that the mouse ortholog MGL1 induces apoptosis of autoreactive T cells and diminishes the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory autoantibodies. Moreover, we show that MGL1 but not MGL2 induces apoptosis of activated mouse CD4+ T cells in vitro. In human settings, we show that MGL expression is increased in active MS lesions and on alternatively activated microglia and macrophages which, in turn, induces the secretion of the immunoregulatory cytokine IL-10, underscoring the clinical relevance of this lectin. CONCLUSIONS Our results show a new role of MGL-expressing APCs as an anti-inflammatory mechanism in autoimmune neuroinflammation by dampening pathogenic T and B cell responses, uncovering a novel clue for neuroprotective therapeutic strategies with relevance for in MS clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Ilarregui
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, O
- 2 building, room 11 E 41, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, 1007MB, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands.
| | - Gijs Kooij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VUmc MS Center, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ernesto Rodríguez
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, O
- 2 building, room 11 E 41, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, 1007MB, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne M A van der Pol
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VUmc MS Center, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Koning
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, O
- 2 building, room 11 E 41, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, 1007MB, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Hakan Kalay
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, O
- 2 building, room 11 E 41, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, 1007MB, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Joost C van der Horst
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, O
- 2 building, room 11 E 41, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, 1007MB, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra J van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, O
- 2 building, room 11 E 41, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, 1007MB, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Juan J García-Vallejo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, O
- 2 building, room 11 E 41, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, 1007MB, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VUmc MS Center, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, O
- 2 building, room 11 E 41, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, 1007MB, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands.
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20
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Aarts SA, Seijkens TT, Kusters PJ, van Tiel CM, Reiche ME, den Toom M, Beckers L, van Roomen CP, de Winther MP, Kooij G, Lutgens E. Macrophage CD40 signaling drives experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Pathol 2019; 247:471-480. [PMID: 30471110 PMCID: PMC6519352 DOI: 10.1002/path.5205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The costimulatory CD40L–CD40 dyad plays a major role in multiple sclerosis (MS). CD40 is highly expressed on MHCII+ B cells, dendritic cells and macrophages in human MS lesions. Here we investigated the role of the CD40 downstream signaling intermediates TNF receptor‐associated factor 2 (TRAF2) and TRAF6 in MHCII+ cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Both MHCII–CD40–Traf2−/− and MHCII–CD40–Traf6−/− mice showed a reduction in clinical signs of EAE and prevented demyelination. However, only MHCII–CD40–Traf6−/− mice displayed a decrease in myeloid and lymphoid cell infiltration into the CNS that was accompanied by reduced levels of TNF‐α, IL‐6 and IFN‐γ. As CD40–TRAF6 interactions predominantly occur in macrophages, we subjected CD40flflLysMcre mice to EAE. This myeloid‐specific deletion of CD40 resulted in a significant reduction in EAE severity, reduced CNS inflammation and demyelination. In conclusion, the CD40–TRAF6 signaling pathway in MHCII+ cells plays a key role in neuroinflammation and demyelination during EAE. Concomitant with the fact that CD40–TRAF6 interactions are predominant in macrophages, depletion of myeloid CD40 also reduces neuroinflammation. CD40–TRAF6 interactions thus represent a promising therapeutic target for MS. © 2018 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Abm Aarts
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), University of Amsterdam, Arizona, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Tp Seijkens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), University of Amsterdam, Arizona, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Pascal Jh Kusters
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), University of Amsterdam, Arizona, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia M van Tiel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), University of Amsterdam, Arizona, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Myrthe E Reiche
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), University of Amsterdam, Arizona, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Myrthe den Toom
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), University of Amsterdam, Arizona, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Beckers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), University of Amsterdam, Arizona, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cindy Paa van Roomen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), University of Amsterdam, Arizona, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Menno Pj de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), University of Amsterdam, Arizona, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs Kooij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), University of Amsterdam, Arizona, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany
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21
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Derada Troletti C, Fontijn RD, Gowing E, Charabati M, van Het Hof B, Didouh I, van der Pol SMA, Geerts D, Prat A, van Horssen J, Kooij G, de Vries HE. Inflammation-induced endothelial to mesenchymal transition promotes brain endothelial cell dysfunction and occurs during multiple sclerosis pathophysiology. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:45. [PMID: 30718504 PMCID: PMC6361981 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1294-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) has a major role in maintaining brain homeostasis through the specialized function of brain endothelial cells (BECs). Inflammation of the BECs and loss of their neuroprotective properties is associated with several neurological disorders, including the chronic neuro-inflammatory disorder multiple sclerosis (MS). Yet, the underlying mechanisms of a defective BBB in MS remain largely unknown. Endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) is a pathophysiological process in which endothelial cells lose their specialized function and de-differentiate into mesenchymal cells. This transition is characterized by an increase in EndoMT-related transcription factors (TFs), a downregulation of brain endothelial markers, and an upregulation of mesenchymal markers accompanied by morphological changes associated with cytoskeleton reorganization. Here, we postulate that EndoMT drives BEC de-differentiation, mediates inflammation-induced human BECs dysfunction, and may play a role in MS pathophysiology. We provide evidence that stimulation of human BECs with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and interleukin (IL)-1β promotes EndoMT, a process in which the TF SNAI1, a master regulator of EndoMT, plays a crucial role. We demonstrate the involvement of TGF-β activated kinase 1 (TAK1) in EndoMT induction in BECs. Finally, immunohistochemical analysis revealed EndoMT-associated alterations in the brain vasculature of human post-mortem MS brain tissues. Taken together, our novel findings provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying BECs dysfunction during MS pathology and can be used to develop new potential therapeutic strategies to restore BBB function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Derada Troletti
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud D Fontijn
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth Gowing
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Marc Charabati
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Bert van Het Hof
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Imad Didouh
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne M A van der Pol
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Geerts
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Jack van Horssen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs Kooij
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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22
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Beaino W, Janssen B, Kooij G, van der Pol SMA, van Het Hof B, van Horssen J, Windhorst AD, de Vries HE. Purinergic receptors P2Y12R and P2X7R: potential targets for PET imaging of microglia phenotypes in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:259. [PMID: 29273052 PMCID: PMC5741931 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-1034-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microglia are major players in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and may play a dual role in disease progression. The activation status of microglia in vivo is highly dynamic and occurs as a continuum, with the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotypes on either end of this spectrum. Little is known about in vivo dynamics of microglia phenotypes in MS due to the lack of diagnostic tools. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is a powerful non-invasive technique that allows real-time imaging of microglia activation phenotypes in the central nervous system, depending on the availability of selective PET tracers. Our objective is to investigate and characterize the expression of the purinergic receptors P2Y12R and P2X7R as potential targets for PET tracer development and subsequent PET imaging in order to evaluate the dynamics of microglia status in vivo. Methods We used immunohistochemical analysis to explore the expression of P2Y12R and P2X7R in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) post-mortem tissues and different stages of well-characterized MS lesions. We evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction the expression of P2Y12R and P2X7R in human polarized microglia, and we performed autoradiography binding assay with radiolabeled P2Y12R and P2X7R antagonists using MS and rat EAE tissues. Results Here, we demonstrate that P2X7R is associated with a pro-inflammatory phenotype of human microglia in vitro, and is highly expressed in microglia in MS lesions as well as during the peak of EAE. In contrast, P2Y12R was associated with an anti-inflammatory phenotype in human microglia in vitro and was expressed at lower levels in active inflammatory MS lesions compared to normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) and similarly in EAE, while its expression increased in the remission phase of EAE. Binding of radiolabeled tracers specific for P2Y12R and P2X7R on ex vivo tissues validated the value of these receptors as PET imaging targets for microglia phenotypes in vivo. Conclusion Our results suggest that P2Y12R and P2X7R are excellent targets for PET imaging to discriminate distinct microglia phenotypes in MS. Ultimately, this may provide insight into the role of microglia in disease progression and monitor novel treatment strategies to alter microglia phenotype. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-017-1034-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wissam Beaino
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Bieneke Janssen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs Kooij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VUmc MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne M A van der Pol
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VUmc MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B van Het Hof
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VUmc MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jack van Horssen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VUmc MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VUmc MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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23
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Aarts SABM, Seijkens TTP, van Dorst KJF, Dijkstra CD, Kooij G, Lutgens E. The CD40-CD40L Dyad in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1791. [PMID: 29312317 PMCID: PMC5732943 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The CD40-CD40L dyad is an immune checkpoint regulator that promotes both innate and adaptive immune responses and has therefore an essential role in the development of inflammatory diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). In MS, CD40 and CD40L are expressed on immune cells present in blood and lymphoid organs, affected resident central nervous system (CNS) cells, and inflammatory cells that have infiltrated the CNS. CD40-CD40L interactions fuel the inflammatory response underlying MS, and both genetic deficiency and antibody-mediated inhibition of the CD40-CD40L dyad reduce disease severity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Both proteins are therefore attractive therapeutic candidates to modulate aberrant inflammatory responses in MS. Here, we discuss the genetic, experimental and clinical studies on the role of CD40 and CD40L interactions in EAE and MS and we explore novel approaches to therapeutically target this dyad to combat neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne A B M Aarts
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tom T P Seijkens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Christine D Dijkstra
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gijs Kooij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany
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24
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de Wit NM, Kooij G, de Vries HE. In Vitro and Ex Vivo Model Systems to Measure ABC Transporter Activity at the Blood-Brain Barrier. Curr Pharm Des 2017; 22:5768-5773. [PMID: 27514708 DOI: 10.2174/1381612822666160810145536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
With the aging population the occurrence of central nervous system diseases such as cancer, mental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, is expected to increase and hence, the demand for effective drugs. However, the passage of drugs across the blood-brain barrier represents a major challenge in accomplishing efficient brain delivery of therapeutic agents. This highly efficient barrier is composed of a monolayer of capillary endothelial cells supported by pericytes and astrocytic end-feet, that together effectively shield the brain from the blood. The brain microvascular endothelial cells form a physical and metabolic barrier where paracellular and transcellular transport of molecules in and out of the brain is closely regulated, allowing nutrients to pass but preventing the entry of harmful neurotoxic substances, including drugs. For this purpose brain endothelial cells express efficient efflux pumps, such as ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters, which limit the delivery of drugs into the brain. To treat the above-mentioned chronic central nervous system disorders, it is crucial to design compounds that can pass the blood-brain barrier and thus the ABC transporters. In order to achieve this, representative models of the blood-brain barrier with predictive validity are necessary. This review discusses the current in vitro and ex vivo model systems that are used to measure ABC transporter activity in order to study potential in vivo efficacy of blood-brain barrier-drug passage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke M de Wit
- VU University Medical Center, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, PO Box 7057 1007MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Małecki A, Skipor-Lahuta J, Toborek M, Abbott NJ, Antonetti DA, Su EJ, Lawrence DA, Atış M, Akcan U, Yılmaz CU, Orhan N, Düzgün P, Ceylan UD, Arıcan N, Karahüseyinoğlu S, Şahin GN, Ahıshalı B, Kaya M, Aydin S, Klopstein A, Engelhardt B, Baumann J, Tsao CC, Huang SF, Ogunshola O, Boytsova EB, Morgun AV, Khilazheva ED, Pozhilenkova EA, Gorina YV, Martynova GP, Salmina AB, Bueno D, Garcia-Fernàndez J, Castro V, Skowronska M, Toborek M, Chupel MU, Minuzzi LG, Filaire E, Teixeira AM, Corsi M, Versele R, Fuso A, Sevin E, Di Lorenzo C, Businaro R, Fenart L, Gosselet F, Candela P, Deli MA, Delaney C, O’Keefe E, Farrell M, Doyle S, Campbell M, Drewes LR, Appelt-Menzel A, Cubukova A, Metzger M, Fischer R, Francisco DMF, Bruggmann R, Fries A, Blecharz KG, Wagner J, Winkler L, Schneider U, Vajkoczy P, Furuse M, Gabbert L, Dilling C, Sisario D, Soukhoroukov V, Burek M, Guérit S, Fidan E, Devraj K, Czupalla CJ, Macas J, Thom S, Plate KH, Gerhardt H, Liebner S, Harazin A, Bocsik A, Váradi J, Fenyvesi F, Tubak V, Vecsernyés M, Helms HC, Waagepetersen HS, Nielsen CU, Brodin B, Hoyk Z, Tóth ME, Lénárt N, Dukay B, Kittel Á, Vígh J, Veszelka S, Walter F, Zvara Á, Puskás L, Sántha M, Engelhardt S, Ogunshola OO, Huber A, Reitner A, Osmen S, Hahn K, Bounzina N, Gerhartl A, Schönegger A, Steinkellner H, Laccone F, Neuhaus W, Hudson N, Celkova L, Iltzsche A, Drndarski S, Begley DJ, Janiurek MM, Kucharz K, Christoffersen C, Nielsen LB, Lauritzen M, Johnson RH, Kho DT, O’Carroll SJ, Angel CE, Graham ES, Pereira J, Karali CS, Cheng V, Zarghami N, Soto MS, Couch Y, Anthony DC, Sibson NR, Kealy J, Keep RF, Routhe LJ, Xiang J, Ye H, Hua Y, Moos T, Xi G, Kristensen M, Bach A, Strømgaard K, Kutuzov N, Lopes-Pinheiro MA, Lim J, Kamermans A, van Horssen J, Unger WW, Fontijn R, de Vries HE, Majerova P, Garruto RM, Marchetti L, Francisco D, Gruber I, Lyck R, Mészáros M, Porkoláb G, Kiss L, Pilbat AM, Török Z, Bozsó Z, Fülöp L, Michalicova A, Galba J, Mihaljevic S, Novak M, Kovac A, Morofuji Y, Fujimoto T, Watanabe D, Nakagawa S, Ujifuku K, Horie N, Izumo T, Anda T, Matsuo T, Niu F, Buch S, Nyúl-Tóth Á, Kozma M, Nagyőszi P, Nagy K, Fazakas C, Haskó J, Molnár K, Farkas AE, Galajda P, Wilhelm I, Krizbai IA, Kelly E, Wallace E, Greene C, Hughes S, Kealy J, Doyle N, Humphries MM, Grant GA, Friedman A, Veksler R, Molloy MG, Meaney JF, Pender N, Doherty CP, Park M, Liskiewicz A, Przybyla M, Kasprowska-Liśkiewicz D, Nowacka-Chmielewska M, Malecki A, Pombero A, Garcia-Lopez R, Martinez-Morga M, Martinez S, Prager O, Solomon-Kamintsky L, Schoknecht K, Bar-Klein G, Milikovsky D, Vazana U, Rosenbach D, Kovács R, Friedman A, Radak Z, Rodríguez-Lorenzo S, Bruggmann R, Kooij G, de Vries HE, Oxana SG, Denis B, Elena V, Anna A, Alla S, Vladimir S, Andrey M, Nataliya M, Elena K, Elizaveta B, Alexander S, Nikita N, Alla B, Yirong Y, Arkady A, Artem G, Mariya U, Anastasia S, Madina B, Artem S, Alexander K, Esmat SA, Valery P, Artem T, Jürgen K, de Abreu MS, Calpena AC, Espina M, García ML, Romero IA, Male D, Storck S, Hartz A, Pahnke J, Surma CU, Surma M, Giżejewski Z, Zieliński H, Szczepkowska A, Kowalewska M, Krawczynska A, Herman AP, Skipor J, Kachappilly N, Veenstra M, Rivera RL, Williams DW, Morgello S, Berman JW, Wyneken U, Batiz LF, Temizyürek A, Khodadust R, Küçük M, Gürses C, Emik S, Zielińska M, Obara-Michlewska M, Milewski K, Skonieczna E, Fręśko I, Neuwelt EA, Maria ARS, Bras AR, Lipka D, Valkai S, Kincses A, Dér A, Deli MA. Abstracts from the 20th International Symposium on Signal Transduction at the Blood-Brain Barriers. Fluids Barriers CNS 2017. [PMCID: PMC5667590 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-017-0071-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Aarts SABM, Seijkens TTP, Kusters PJH, van der Pol SMA, Zarzycka B, Heijnen PDAM, Beckers L, den Toom M, Gijbels MJJ, Boon L, Weber C, de Vries HE, Nicolaes GAF, Dijkstra CD, Kooij G, Lutgens E. Inhibition of CD40-TRAF6 interactions by the small molecule inhibitor 6877002 reduces neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:105. [PMID: 28494768 PMCID: PMC5427621 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0875-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The influx of leukocytes into the central nervous system (CNS) is a key hallmark of the chronic neuro-inflammatory disease multiple sclerosis (MS). Strategies that aim to inhibit leukocyte migration across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are therefore regarded as promising therapeutic approaches to combat MS. As the CD40L-CD40 dyad signals via TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) in myeloid cells to induce inflammation and leukocyte trafficking, we explored the hypothesis that specific inhibition of CD40-TRAF6 interactions can ameliorate neuro-inflammation. Methods Human monocytes were treated with a small molecule inhibitor (SMI) of CD40-TRAF6 interactions (6877002), and migration capacity across human brain endothelial cells was measured. To test the therapeutic potential of the CD40-TRAF6-blocking SMI under neuro-inflammatory conditions in vivo, Lewis rats and C57BL/6J mice were subjected to acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and treated with SMI 6877002 for 6 days (rats) or 3 weeks (mice). Results We here show that a SMI of CD40-TRAF6 interactions (6877002) strongly and dose-dependently reduces trans-endothelial migration of human monocytes. Moreover, upon SMI treatment, monocytes displayed a decreased production of ROS, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and interleukin (IL)-6, whereas the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was increased. Disease severity of EAE was reduced upon SMI treatment in rats, but not in mice. However, a significant reduction in monocyte-derived macrophages, but not in T cells, that had infiltrated the CNS was eminent in both models. Conclusions Together, our results indicate that SMI-mediated inhibition of the CD40-TRAF6 pathway skews human monocytes towards anti-inflammatory cells with reduced trans-endothelial migration capacity, and is able to reduce CNS-infiltrated monocyte-derived macrophages during neuro-inflammation, but minimally ameliorates EAE disease severity. We therefore conclude that SMI-mediated inhibition of the CD40-TRAF6 pathway may represent a beneficial treatment strategy to reduce monocyte recruitment and macrophage activation in the CNS and has the potential to be used as a co-treatment to combat MS. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-017-0875-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne A B M Aarts
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom T P Seijkens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal J H Kusters
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne M A van der Pol
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Zarzycka
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Maastricht, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Priscilla D A M Heijnen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Beckers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Myrthe den Toom
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marion J J Gijbels
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology and Department of Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Louis Boon
- Bioceros, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Pettenkoferstraße 9, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerry A F Nicolaes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Maastricht, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christine D Dijkstra
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs Kooij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Pettenkoferstraße 9, 80336, Munich, Germany.
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Shami A, Aarts S, Bürger C, Kusters P, van den Berg S, Seijkens T, Kooij G, Weber C, Gerdes N, de Winther M, Lutgens E. Abstract 441: Macrophage CD40 in Atherosclerosis, Obesity and Multiple Sclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.37.suppl_1.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
The co-stimulatory dyad CD40-CD40L plays a central role in fine-tuning immune reactions in atherosclerosis, obesity-induced inflammation and multiple sclerosis (MS). Inhibition of CD40 in atherosclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) ameliorates disease outcome, whereas CD40-deficiency in a diet induced obesity (DIO) model worsens insulin resistance and induces excessive adipose tissue inflammation. Although inhibition of CD40 has powerful effects, we do not know which CD40 expressing cell-type is responsible for the amelioration/aggravation of disease. As myeloid CD40 is known to play a role in leukocyte trafficking, which is important in atherosclerosis, obesity and neuro-inflammation, we hypothesize that myeloid CD40 is important in these disease modalities.
Methods:
To investigate the role of myeloid CD40 in atherosclerosis, obesity and EAE we have generated macrophage specific LysM-CD40flfl
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(ApoE-/-), and dendritic cell/adipose tissue macrophage specific CD11C-CD40flfl). Atherosclerosis was induced by aging the LysM-CD40flfl
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ApoE-/- mice until 30 weeks. EAE was induced in LysM-CD40flfl mice by subjecting them to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide (MOG35-55), and LysM-CD40flfl and CD11c-CD40flfl mice were subjected to a 60% high fat diet for 18 wks.
Results:
LysM-CD40flfl
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ApoE-/- mice showed a significant reduction in atherosclerotic plaque area, with a reduced macrophage accumulation. Loss of macrophage CD40 in EAE results in a significant decrease in the neurological symptoms of EAE, and a majority of the LysM-CD40flfl mice were fully protected against EAE. LysM-CD40flfl mice subjected to DIO showed an increase in macrophage accumulation in the visceral adipose tissue, but did not affect adipose tissue mass, insulin tolerance, or plasma triglyceride concentrations. The CD11CcreCD40flfl mice exhibited a decrease in visceral adipose tissue weight, an increased lipid content in the liver and slightly decreases leukocyte numbers and pro-inflammatory gene expression in the adipose tissue.
Conclusions:
Macrophage CD40 is an important driver of atherosclerosis and EAE. Macrophage CD40 is protective in obesity-induced inflammation, but is probably not the key player.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelie Shami
- Academic Med Cntr, Univ of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Aarts
- Academic Med Cntr, Univ of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Christina Bürger
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians Univ Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Pascal Kusters
- Academic Med Cntr, Univ of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Tom Seijkens
- Academic Med Cntr, Univ of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gijs Kooij
- Dept of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU Univ Med Cntr, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians Univ Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Norbert Gerdes
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians Univ Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Esther Lutgens
- Academic Med Cntr, Univ of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Fiala M, Kooij G, Wagner K, Hammock B, Pellegrini M. Modulation of innate immunity of patients with Alzheimer's disease by omega-3 fatty acids. FASEB J 2017; 31:3229-3239. [PMID: 28420693 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700065r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune system of patients with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is deregulated with highly increased or decreased transcription of inflammatory genes and consistently depressed phagocytosis of amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ) by monocytes and macrophages. Current immune therapies target single mechanisms in the adaptive immune system but not innate immunity. Here, we summarize recent advances in therapy by ω-3, ω-6, and epoxy fatty acids; specialized proresolving mediators; and vitamin D3 that have proven immune effects and emerging cognitive effects in patients with MCI. The hypothesis of this approach is that macrophages of normal participants, but not those of patients with Alzheimer's disease and MCI, possess effective phagocytosis for Aβ and protect homeostasis of the brain and, furthermore, that defective MCI macrophages recover phagocytic function via ω-3. Recent studies of fish-derived ω-3 supplementation in patients with MCI have shown polarization of Apoε3/ε3 patients' macrophages to an intermediate M1-M2 phenotype that is optimal for Aβ phagocytosis and the stabilization of cognitive decline. Therefore, accumulating preclinical and preliminary clinical evidence indicates that ω-3 supplementation should be tested in a randomized controlled clinical trial and that the analysis should involve the apolipoprotein E genotype and intervening conditions during trial.-Fiala, M., Kooij, G., Wagner, K., Hammock, B., Pellegrini, M. Modulation of innate immunity of patients with Alzheimer's disease by omega-3 fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Fiala
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA;
| | - Gijs Kooij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Medical Center, Multiple Sclerosis Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karen Wagner
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Bruce Hammock
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Laan LC, Williams AR, Stavenhagen K, Giera M, Kooij G, Vlasakov I, Kalay H, Kringel H, Nejsum P, Thamsborg SM, Wuhrer M, Dijkstra CD, Cummings RD, van Die I. The whipworm (Trichuris suis) secretes prostaglandin E2 to suppress proinflammatory properties in human dendritic cells. FASEB J 2016; 31:719-731. [PMID: 27806992 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600841r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Clinical trials have shown that administration of the nematode Trichuris suis can be beneficial in treating various immune disorders. To provide insight into the mechanisms by which this worm suppresses inflammatory responses, an active component was purified from T. suis soluble products (TsSPs) that suppress---- TNF and IL-12 secretion from LPS-activated human dendritic cells (DCs). Analysis by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry identified this compound as prostaglandin (PG)E2. The purified compound showed similar properties compared with TsSPs and commercial PGE2 in modulating LPS-induced expression of many cytokines and chemokines and in modulating Rab7B and P2RX7 expression in human DCs. Furthermore, the TsSP-induced reduction of TNF secretion from DCs is reversed by receptor antagonists for EP2 and EP4, indicating PGE2 action. T. suis secretes extremely high amounts of PGE2 (45-90 ng/mg protein) within their excretory/secretory products but few related lipid mediators as established by metabololipidomic analysis. Culture of T. suis with several cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors that inhibit mammalian prostaglandin synthesis affected the worm's motility but did not inhibit PGE2 secretion, suggesting that the worms can synthesize PGE2 via a COX-independent pathway. We conclude that T. suis secretes PGE2 to suppress proinflammatory responses in human DCs, thereby modulating the host's immune response.-Laan, L. C., Williams, A. R., Stavenhagen, K., Giera, M., Kooij, G., Vlasakov, I., Kalay, H., Kringel, H., Nejsum, P., Thamsborg, S. M., Wuhrer, M., Dijkstra, C. D., Cummings, R. D., van Die, I. The whipworm (Trichuris suis) secretes prostaglandin E2 to suppress proinflammatory properties in human dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C Laan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew R Williams
- Section for Parasitology, Health, and Development, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kathrin Stavenhagen
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs Kooij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and
| | - Iliyan Vlasakov
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and
| | - Hakan Kalay
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helene Kringel
- Section for Parasitology, Health, and Development, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Nejsum
- Section for Parasitology, Health, and Development, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stig M Thamsborg
- Section for Parasitology, Health, and Development, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christine D Dijkstra
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School Center for Glycosciences, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Irma van Die
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
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Hoeksema MA, Laan LC, Postma JJ, Cummings RD, de Winther MPJ, Dijkstra CD, van Die I, Kooij G. Treatment with Trichuris suis soluble products during monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation reduces inflammatory responses through epigenetic remodeling. FASEB J 2016; 30:2826-36. [PMID: 27095802 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600343r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Helminths have strong immunoregulatory properties that may be exploited in treatment of chronic immune disorders, such as multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease. Essential players in the pathogenesis of these diseases are proinflammatory macrophages. We present evidence that helminths modulate the function and phenotype of these innate immune cells. We found that soluble products derived from the Trichuris suis (TsSP) significantly affect the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages and their subsequent polarization. TsSPs reduce the expression and production of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and TNF, in human proinflammatory M1 macrophages. TsSPs induce a concomitant anti-inflammatory M2 signature, with increased IL-10 production. Furthermore, they suppress CHIT activity and enhance secretion of matrix metalloproteinase 9. Short-term triggering of monocytes with TsSPs early during monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation imprinted these phenotypic alterations, suggesting long-lasting epigenetic changes. The TsSP-induced effects in M1 macrophages were completely reversed by inhibiting histone deacetylases, which corresponded with decreased histone acetylation at the TNF and IL6 promoters. These results demonstrate that TsSPs have a potent and sustained immunomodulatory effect on human macrophage differentiation and polarization through epigenetic remodeling and provide new insights into the mechanisms by which helminths modulate human immune responses.-Hoeksema, M. A., Laan, L. C., Postma, J. J., Cummings, R. D., de Winther, M. P. J., Dijkstra, C. D., van Die, I., Kooij, G. Treatment with Trichuris suis soluble products during monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation reduces inflammatory responses through epigenetic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marten A Hoeksema
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa C Laan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Juliette J Postma
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Richard D Cummings
- National Center for Functional Glycomics, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christine D Dijkstra
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Irma van Die
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Gijs Kooij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
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31
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van Vliet EA, Otte WM, Wadman WJ, Aronica E, Kooij G, de Vries HE, Dijkhuizen RM, Gorter JA. Blood-brain barrier leakage after status epilepticus in rapamycin-treated rats I: Magnetic resonance imaging. Epilepsia 2015; 57:59-69. [PMID: 26691904 DOI: 10.1111/epi.13246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway has received increasing attention as a potential antiepileptogenic target. Treatment with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin after status epilepticus reduces the development of epilepsy in a rat model. To study whether rapamycin mediates this effect via restoration of blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) was used to determine BBB permeability throughout epileptogenesis. METHODS Imaging was repeatedly performed until 6 weeks after kainic acid-induced status epilepticus in rapamycin (6 mg/kg for 6 weeks starting 4 h after SE) and vehicle-treated rats, using gadobutrol as contrast agent. Seizures were detected using video monitoring in the week following the last imaging session. RESULTS Gadobutrol leakage was widespread and extensive in both rapamycin and vehicle-treated epileptic rats during the acute phase, with the piriform cortex and amygdala as the most affected regions. Gadobutrol leakage was higher in rapamycin-treated rats 4 and 8 days after status epilepticus compared to vehicle-treated rats. However, during the chronic epileptic phase, gadobutrol leakage was lower in rapamycin-treated epileptic rats along with a decreased seizure frequency. This was confirmed by local fluorescein staining in the brains of the same rats. Total brain volume was reduced by this rapamycin treatment regimen. SIGNIFICANCE The initial slow recovery of BBB function in rapamycin-treated epileptic rats indicates that rapamycin does not reduce seizure activity by a gradual recovery of BBB integrity. The reduced BBB leakage during the chronic phase, however, could contribute to the decreased seizure frequency in post-status epilepticus rats treated with rapamycin. Furthermore, the data show that CE-MRI (using step-down infusion with gadobutrol) can be used as biomarker for monitoring the effect of drug therapy in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin A van Vliet
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem M Otte
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wytse J Wadman
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs Kooij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rick M Dijkhuizen
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A Gorter
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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van Vliet EA, Otte WM, Wadman WJ, Aronica E, Kooij G, de Vries HE, Dijkhuizen RM, Gorter JA. Blood-brain barrier leakage after status epilepticus in rapamycin-treated rats II: Potential mechanisms. Epilepsia 2015; 57:70-8. [PMID: 26691741 DOI: 10.1111/epi.13245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage may play a pro-epileptogenic role after status epilepticus. In the accompanying contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) study we showed that the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor rapamycin reduced BBB leakage and seizure activity during the chronic epileptic phase. Given rapamycin's role in growth and immune response, the potential therapeutic effects of rapamycin after status epilepticus with emphasis on brain inflammation and brain vasculature were investigated. METHODS Seven weeks after kainic acid-induced status epilepticus, rats were perfusion fixed and (immuno)histochemistry was performed using several glial and vascular markers. In addition, an in vitro model for the human BBB was used to determine the effects of rapamycin on transendothelial electrical resistance as a measure for BBB integrity. RESULTS (Immuno)histochemistry showed that local blood vessel density, activated microglia, and astrogliosis were reduced in rapamycin-treated rats compared to vehicle-treated rats. In vitro studies showed that rapamycin could attenuate TNFα-induced endothelial barrier breakdown. SIGNIFICANCE These data suggest that rapamycin improves BBB function during the chronic epileptic phase by a reduction of local brain inflammation and blood vessel density that can contribute to a milder form of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin A van Vliet
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem M Otte
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wytse J Wadman
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs Kooij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rick M Dijkhuizen
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A Gorter
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Lim JL, van der Pol SMA, Di Dio F, van Het Hof B, Kooij G, de Vries HE, van Horssen J. Protective effects of monomethyl fumarate at the inflamed blood-brain barrier. Microvasc Res 2015; 105:61-9. [PMID: 26679389 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species play a key role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis as they induce blood-brain barrier disruption and enhance transendothelial leukocyte migration. Thus, therapeutic compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential could have clinical value in multiple sclerosis. The aim of the current study was to elucidate the therapeutic effects of monomethyl fumarate on inflammatory-mediated changes in blood-brain barrier function and gain insight into the underlying mechanism. METHODS The effects of monomethyl fumarate on monocyte transendothelial migration across and adhesion to inflamed human brain endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3) were quantified using standardized in vitro migration and adhesion assays. Flow cytometry analysis and qPCR were used to measure the concomitant effects of monomethyl fumarate treatment on protein expression of cell adhesion molecules. Furthermore, the effects of monomethyl fumarate on the expression and nuclear localization of proteins involved in the activation of antioxidant and inflammatory pathways in human brain endothelial cells were elucidated using nuclear fractionation and Western blotting. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni post-hoc test. RESULTS Our results show that monomethyl fumarate induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 and concomitant production of the antioxidant enzymes heme oxygenase-1 and NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase-1 in brain endothelial cells. Importantly, monomethyl fumarate treatment markedly decreased monocyte transendothelial migration across and adhesion to inflamed human brain endothelial cells. Treatment of brain endothelial cells with monomethyl fumarate resulted in a striking reduction of vascular cell adhesion molecule expression. Surprisingly, monomethyl fumarate did not affect nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-кB suggesting that monomethyl fumarate potentially affects activity of nuclear factor-ĸB downstream of nuclear translocation. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, we show that monomethyl fumarate, the primary metabolite of dimethyl fumarate, which is currently used in the clinics for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, demonstrates beneficial therapeutic effects at the inflamed blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Lim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Susanne M A van der Pol
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Flaminia Di Dio
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Bert van Het Hof
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Gijs Kooij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jack van Horssen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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van Strien ME, de Vries HE, Chrobok NL, Bol JGJM, Breve JJP, van der Pol SMP, Kooij G, van Buul JD, Karpuj M, Steinman L, Wilhelmus MM, Sestito C, Drukarch B, Van Dam AM. Tissue Transglutaminase contributes to experimental multiple sclerosis pathogenesis and clinical outcome by promoting macrophage migration. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 50:141-154. [PMID: 26133787 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a serious neurological disorder, resulting in e.g., sensory, motor and cognitive deficits. A critical pathological aspect of multiple sclerosis (MS) is the influx of immunomodulatory cells into the central nervous system (CNS). Identification of key players that regulate cellular trafficking into the CNS may lead to the development of more selective treatment to halt this process. The multifunctional enzyme tissue Transglutaminase (TG2) can participate in various inflammation-related processes, and is known to be expressed in the CNS. In the present study, we question whether TG2 activity contributes to the pathogenesis of experimental MS, and could be a novel therapeutic target. In human post-mortem material, we showed the appearance of TG2 immunoreactivity in leukocytes in MS lesions, and particular in macrophages in rat chronic-relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (cr-EAE), an experimental MS model. Clinical deficits as observed in mouse EAE were reduced in TG2 knock-out mice compared to littermate wild-type mice, supporting a role of TG2 in EAE pathogenesis. To establish if the enzyme TG2 represents an attractive therapeutic target, cr-EAE rats were treated with TG2 activity inhibitors during ongoing disease. Reduction of TG2 activity in cr-EAE animals dramatically attenuated clinical deficits and demyelination. The mechanism underlying these beneficial effects pointed toward a reduction in macrophage migration into the CNS due to attenuated cytoskeletal flexibility and RhoA GTPase activity. Moreover, iNOS and TNFα levels were selectively reduced in the CNS of cr-EAE rats treated with a TG2 activity inhibitor, whereas other relevant inflammatory mediators were not affected in CNS or spleen by reducing TG2 activity. We conclude that modulating TG2 activity opens new avenues for therapeutic intervention in MS which does not affect peripheral levels of inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam E van Strien
- VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Dept. Anatomy & Neurosciences, The Netherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Dept. Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Navina L Chrobok
- VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Dept. Anatomy & Neurosciences, The Netherlands
| | - John G J M Bol
- VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Dept. Anatomy & Neurosciences, The Netherlands
| | - John J P Breve
- VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Dept. Anatomy & Neurosciences, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne M P van der Pol
- VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Dept. Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs Kooij
- VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Dept. Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap D van Buul
- Dept. Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lawrence Steinman
- Beckman Center for Molecular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Micha M Wilhelmus
- VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Dept. Anatomy & Neurosciences, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Sestito
- VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Dept. Anatomy & Neurosciences, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Drukarch
- VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Dept. Anatomy & Neurosciences, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie Van Dam
- VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Dept. Anatomy & Neurosciences, The Netherlands.
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Kooij G, Braster R, Koning JJ, Laan LC, van Vliet SJ, Los T, Eveleens AM, van der Pol SMA, Förster-Waldl E, Boztug K, Belot A, Szilagyi K, van den Berg TK, van Buul JD, van Egmond M, de Vries HE, Cummings RD, Dijkstra CD, van Die I. Trichuris suis induces human non-classical patrolling monocytes via the mannose receptor and PKC: implications for multiple sclerosis. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2015. [PMID: 26205402 PMCID: PMC4513676 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-015-0223-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The inverse correlation between prevalence of auto-immune disorders like the chronic neuro-inflammatory disease multiple sclerosis (MS) and the occurrence of helminth (worm) infections, suggests that the helminth-trained immune system is protective against auto-immunity. As monocytes are regarded as crucial players in the pathogenesis of auto-immune diseases, we explored the hypothesis that these innate effector cells are prime targets for helminths to exert their immunomodulatory effects. Results Here we show that soluble products of the porcine nematode Trichuris suis (TsSP) are potent in changing the phenotype and function of human monocytes by skewing classical monocytes into anti-inflammatory patrolling cells, which exhibit reduced trans-endothelial migration capacity in an in vitro model of the blood–brain barrier. Mechanistically, we identified the mannose receptor as the TsSP-interacting monocyte receptor and we revealed that specific downstream signalling occurs via protein kinase C (PKC), and in particular PKCδ. Conclusion This study provides comprehensive mechanistic insight into helminth-induced immunomodulation, which can be therapeutically exploited to combat various auto-immune disorders. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40478-015-0223-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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36
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Vogel DYS, Kooij G, Heijnen PDAM, Breur M, Peferoen LAN, van der Valk P, de Vries HE, Amor S, Dijkstra CD. GM-CSF promotes migration of human monocytes across the blood brain barrier. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:1808-19. [PMID: 25756873 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Infiltration of monocytes into the CNS is crucial for disease onset and progression. Animal studies indicate that granulocyte-macrophages colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) may play an essential role in this process, possibly by acting on the migratory capacities of myeloid cells across the blood-brain barrier. This study describes the effect of GM-CSF on human monocytes, macrophages, and microglia. Furthermore, the expression of GM-CSF and its receptor was investigated in the CNS under healthy and pathological conditions. We show that GM-CSF enhances monocyte migration across human blood-brain barrier endothelial cells in vitro. Next, immunohistochemical analysis on human brain tissues revealed that GM-CSF is highly expressed by microglia and macrophages in MS lesions. The GM-CSF receptor is expressed by neurons in the rim of combined gray/white matter lesions and astrocytes. Finally, the effect of GM-CSF on human macrophages was determined, revealing an intermediate activation status, with a phenotype similar to that observed in active MS lesions. Together our data indicate that GM-CSF is a powerful stimulator of monocyte migration, and is abundantly present in the inflamed CNS where it may act as an activator of macrophages and microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Y S Vogel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Neuroscience Campus, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs Kooij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Neuroscience Campus, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Priscilla D A M Heijnen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Neuroscience Campus, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Breur
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Neuroscience Campus, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura A N Peferoen
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul van der Valk
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Neuroscience Campus, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Amor
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neuroimmunology Unit, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Christine D Dijkstra
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Neuroscience Campus, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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37
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Kooij G, de Vries HE. The best basic science paper in multiple sclerosis in 2014: important role for the choroid plexus in the central nervous system entry of leukocytes. Mult Scler 2015; 21:372-3. [PMID: 25716882 DOI: 10.1177/1352458515573095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gijs Kooij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, MS Center Amsterdam, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, MS Center Amsterdam, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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38
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Kooij G, Klaver EJ, Ottow M, Laan L, Heijnen P, Van Der Pol S, De Vries HE, Dijkstra CD, Van Die I. Effects of soluble helminth components on human monocytes and macrophages in neuroinflammation. J Neuroimmunol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.08.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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39
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Kooij G, Kopplin K, Blasig R, Stuiver M, Koning N, Goverse G, van der Pol SMA, van Het Hof B, Gollasch M, Drexhage JAR, Reijerkerk A, Meij IC, Mebius R, Willnow TE, Müller D, Blasig IE, de Vries HE. Disturbed function of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier aggravates neuro-inflammation. Acta Neuropathol 2014; 128:267-77. [PMID: 24356983 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-013-1227-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuro-inflammatory disorder, which is marked by the invasion of the central nervous system by monocyte-derived macrophages and autoreactive T cells across the brain vasculature. Data from experimental animal models recently implied that the passage of leukocytes across the brain vasculature is preceded by their traversal across the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) of the choroid plexus. The correlation between the presence of leukocytes in the CSF of patients suffering from MS and the number of inflammatory lesions as detected by magnetic resonance imaging suggests that inflammation at the choroid plexus contributes to the disease, although in a yet unknown fashion. We here provide first insights into the involvement of the choroid plexus in the onset and severity of the disease and in particular address the role of the tight junction protein claudin-3 (CLDN3) in this process. Detailed analysis of human post-mortem brain tissue revealed a selective loss of CLDN3 at the choroid plexus in MS patients compared to control tissues. Importantly, mice that lack CLDN3 have an impaired BCSFB and experience a more rapid onset and exacerbated clinical signs of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, which coincides with enhanced levels of infiltrated leukocytes in their CSF. Together, this study highlights a profound role for the choroid plexus in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, and implies that CLDN3 may be regarded as a crucial and novel determinant of BCSFB integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs Kooij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
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40
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Kooij G, Kroon J, Paul D, Reijerkerk A, Geerts D, van der Pol SMA, van Het Hof B, Drexhage JA, van Vliet SJ, Hekking LHP, van Buul JD, Pachter JS, de Vries HE. P-glycoprotein regulates trafficking of CD8(+) T cells to the brain parenchyma. Acta Neuropathol 2014; 127:699-711. [PMID: 24429546 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-014-1244-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The trafficking of cytotoxic CD8(+) T lymphocytes across the lining of the cerebral vasculature is key to the onset of the chronic neuro-inflammatory disorder multiple sclerosis. However, the mechanisms controlling their final transmigration across the brain endothelium remain unknown. Here, we describe that CD8(+) T lymphocyte trafficking into the brain is dependent on the activity of the brain endothelial adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein. Silencing P-glycoprotein activity selectively reduced the trafficking of CD8(+) T cells across the brain endothelium in vitro as well as in vivo. In response to formation of the T cell-endothelial synapse, P-glycoprotein was found to regulate secretion of endothelial (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), a chemokine that mediates CD8(+) T cell migration in vitro. Notably, CCL2 levels were significantly enhanced in microvessels isolated from human multiple sclerosis lesions in comparison with non-neurological controls. Endothelial cell-specific elimination of CCL2 in mice subjected to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis also significantly diminished the accumulation of CD8(+) T cells compared to wild-type animals. Collectively, these results highlight a novel (patho)physiological role for P-glycoprotein in CD8(+) T cell trafficking into the central nervous system during neuro-inflammation and illustrate CCL2 secretion as a potential link in this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs Kooij
- Blood-Brain Barrier Research Group, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
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41
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Blezer ELA, Deddens LH, Kooij G, Drexhage J, van der Pol SMA, Reijerkerk A, Dijkhuizen RM, de Vries HE. In vivoMR imaging of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Contrast Media Mol Imaging 2014; 10:111-21. [DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erwin L. A. Blezer
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Image Sciences Institute; University Medical Center Utrecht; Yalelaan 2 3584 CM Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Lisette H. Deddens
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Image Sciences Institute; University Medical Center Utrecht; Yalelaan 2 3584 CM Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Gijs Kooij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam; VU University Medical Center; PO Box 7057 1007 MB Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Joost Drexhage
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam; VU University Medical Center; PO Box 7057 1007 MB Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Susanne M. A. van der Pol
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam; VU University Medical Center; PO Box 7057 1007 MB Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Arie Reijerkerk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam; VU University Medical Center; PO Box 7057 1007 MB Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Rick M. Dijkhuizen
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Image Sciences Institute; University Medical Center Utrecht; Yalelaan 2 3584 CM Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Helga E. de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam; VU University Medical Center; PO Box 7057 1007 MB Amsterdam The Netherlands
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Carrano A, Snkhchyan H, Kooij G, van der Pol S, van Horssen J, Veerhuis R, Hoozemans J, Rozemuller A, de Vries HE. ATP-binding cassette transporters P-glycoprotein and breast cancer related protein are reduced in capillary cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:565-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Pryce G, Visintin C, Ramagopalan SV, Al-Izki S, De Faveri LE, Nuamah RA, Mein CA, Montpetit A, Hardcastle AJ, Kooij G, de Vries HE, Amor S, Thomas SA, Ledent C, Marsicano G, Lutz B, Thompson AJ, Selwood DL, Giovannoni G, Baker D. Control of spasticity in a multiple sclerosis model using central nervous system-excluded CB1 cannabinoid receptor agonists. FASEB J 2013; 28:117-30. [PMID: 24121462 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-239442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was the generation of central nervous system (CNS)-excluded cannabinoid receptor agonists to test the hypothesis that inhibition of spasticity, due to CNS autoimmunity, could be controlled by affecting neurotransmission within the periphery. Procedures included identification of chemicals and modeling to predict the mode of exclusion; induction and control of spasticity in the ABH mouse model of multiple sclerosis; conditional deletion of CB1 receptor in peripheral nerves; side-effect profiling to demonstrate the mechanism of CNS-exclusion via drug pumps; genome-wide association study in N2(129×ABH) backcross to map polymorphic cannabinoid drug pump; and sequencing and detection of cannabinoid drug-pump activity in human brain endothelial cell lines. Three drugs (CT3, SAB378 and SAD448) were identified that control spasticity via action on the peripheral nerve CB1 receptor. These were peripherally restricted via drug pumps that limit the CNS side effects (hypothermia) of cannabinoids to increase the therapeutic window. A cannabinoid drug pump is polymorphic and functionally lacking in many laboratory (C57BL/6, 129, CD-1) mice used for transgenesis, pharmacology, and toxicology studies. This phenotype was mapped and controlled by 1-3 genetic loci. ABCC1 within a cluster showing linkage is a cannabinoid CNS-drug pump. Global and conditional CB1 receptor-knockout mice were used as controls. In summary, CNS-excluded CB1 receptor agonists are a novel class of therapeutic agent for spasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Pryce
- 1Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark St., London E1 2AT, UK.
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Koning JJ, Kooij G, de Vries HE, Nolte MA, Mebius RE. Mesenchymal stem cells are mobilized from the bone marrow during inflammation. Front Immunol 2013; 4:49. [PMID: 23459632 PMCID: PMC3586765 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show great therapeutic potential for the treatment of various immune mediated diseases, including Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Systemic administration of MSCs during experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for MS, was shown to reduce the infiltration of T cells, B cells, and macrophages into the CNS. Whether endogenous MSCs are mobilized and potentially modulate the severity of disease is not known. Here we show that during the acute phase of EAE, MSCs numbers in the bone marrow were severely reduced, which restored to control levels during the progressive phase of the disease. The number of bone marrow MSCs inversely correlated with the number of both CD4 and CD8 T cells present in the bone marrow indicating a link between activated T cells and MSC mobilization. Analysis of CD70-transgenic mice, which have a constitutively activated immune system and elevated number of activated T cells in the bone marrow, showed severely reduced number of bone marrow MSCs. Transfer of T cells that were activated through their CD27 receptor reduced the number of bone marrow MSCs dependent on IFN-y. These data provide a mechanism by which MSCs can be mobilized from the bone marrow in order to contribute to tissue repair at a distant location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper J Koning
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands
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45
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de Vries HE, Kooij G, Frenkel D, Georgopoulos S, Monsonego A, Janigro D. Inflammatory events at blood-brain barrier in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders: implications for clinical disease. Epilepsia 2013; 53 Suppl 6:45-52. [PMID: 23134495 DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2012.03702.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proper function of the neurovasculature is required for optimal brain function and preventing neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Within this review, we discuss alterations of the function of the blood-brain barrier in neurologic disorders such as multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and Alzheimer's disease and address potential underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga E de Vries
- Blood-Brain Barrier Research Group, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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van Doorn R, Lopes Pinheiro MA, Kooij G, Lakeman K, van het Hof B, van der Pol SMA, Geerts D, van Horssen J, van der Valk P, van der Kam E, Ronken E, Reijerkerk A, de Vries HE. Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 5 mediates the immune quiescence of the human brain endothelial barrier. J Neuroinflammation 2012; 9:133. [PMID: 22715976 PMCID: PMC3425155 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator FTY720P (Gilenya®) potently reduces relapse rate and lesion activity in the neuroinflammatory disorder multiple sclerosis. Although most of its efficacy has been shown to be related to immunosuppression through the induction of lymphopenia, it has been suggested that a number of its beneficial effects are related to altered endothelial and blood–brain barrier (BBB) functionality. However, to date it remains unknown whether brain endothelial S1P receptors are involved in the maintenance of the function of the BBB thereby mediating immune quiescence of the brain. Here we demonstrate that the brain endothelial receptor S1P5 largely contributes to the maintenance of brain endothelial barrier function. Methods We analyzed the expression of S1P5 in human post-mortem tissues using immunohistochemistry. The function of S1P5 at the BBB was assessed in cultured human brain endothelial cells (ECs) using agonists and lentivirus-mediated knockdown of S1P5. Subsequent analyses of different aspects of the brain EC barrier included the formation of a tight barrier, the expression of BBB proteins and markers of inflammation and monocyte transmigration. Results We show that activation of S1P5 on cultured human brain ECs by a selective agonist elicits enhanced barrier integrity and reduced transendothelial migration of monocytes in vitro. These results were corroborated by genetically silencing S1P5 in brain ECs. Interestingly, functional studies with these cells revealed that S1P5 strongly contributes to brain EC barrier function and underlies the expression of specific BBB endothelial characteristics such as tight junctions and permeability. In addition, S1P5 maintains the immunoquiescent state of brain ECs with low expression levels of leukocyte adhesion molecules and inflammatory chemokines and cytokines through lowering the activation of the transcription factor NFκB. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that S1P5 in brain ECs contributes to optimal barrier formation and maintenance of immune quiescence of the barrier endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben van Doorn
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kooij G, van Horssen J, Bandaru VVR, Haughey NJ, de Vries HE. The Role of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters in Neuro-Inflammation: Relevance for Bioactive Lipids. Front Pharmacol 2012; 3:74. [PMID: 22557971 PMCID: PMC3339339 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2012.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are highly expressed by brain endothelial cells that form the blood–brain barrier (BBB). These efflux pumps play an important role in maintaining brain homeostasis as they actively hinder the entry of unwanted blood-derived compounds into the central nervous system (CNS). Consequently, their high activity at the BBB has been a major hurdle for the treatment of several brain diseases, as they prevent numerous drugs to reach their site of action within the brain. Importantly, recent data indicate that endogenous substrates for ABC transporters may include inflammatory mediators, such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes, cytokines, chemokines, and bioactive lipids, suggesting a potential role for ABC transporters in immunological responses, and more specifically in inflammatory brain disorders, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). In this review, we will give a comprehensive overview of recent findings that illustrate this novel role for ABC transporters in neuro-inflammatory processes. Moreover, we will provide first insights into underlying mechanisms and focus on the importance for bioactive lipids, in particular platelet-activating factor, herein. A thorough understanding of these events may form the basis for the development for selective treatment modalities to dampen the neuro-inflammatory attack in MS and thereby reducing tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs Kooij
- Blood-Brain Barrier Research Group, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Kuijk LM, Klaver EJ, Kooij G, van der Pol SMA, Heijnen P, Bruijns SCM, Kringel H, Pinelli E, Kraal G, de Vries HE, Dijkstra CD, Bouma G, van Die I. Soluble helminth products suppress clinical signs in murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and differentially modulate human dendritic cell activation. Mol Immunol 2012; 51:210-8. [PMID: 22482518 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2012.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The increased incidence of auto-inflammatory and autoimmune diseases in the developed countries seems to be caused by an imbalance of the immune system due to the lack of proper regulation. Helminth parasites are well known modulators of the immune system and as such are of great interest for the treatment of these disorders. Clinical studies showed that administration of eggs of the pig nematode Trichuris suis to patients with inflammatory bowel disease reduces the disease severity. Here we demonstrate that treatment with soluble products from the nematodes T. suis and Trichinella spiralis induces significant suppression of symptoms in murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a validated animal model for multiple sclerosis. These data show that infection with live nematodes is not a prerequisite for suppression of inflammation. To translate these results to the human system, the effects of soluble products of T. suis, T. spiralis and Schistosoma mansoni on the phenotype and function of human dendritic cells (DCs) were compared. Our data show that soluble products of T. suis, S. mansoni and T. spiralis suppress TNF-α and IL-12 secretion by TLR-activated human DCs, and that T. suis and S. mansoni, but not T. spiralis, strongly enhance expression of OX40L. Furthermore, helminth-primed human DCs differentially suppress the development of Th1 and/or Th17 cells. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that soluble helminth products have strong immunomodulatory capacities, but might exert their effects through different mechanisms. The suppressed secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines together with an upregulation of OX40L expression on human DCs might contribute to achieve this modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loes M Kuijk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Reijerkerk A, Lakeman KAM, Drexhage JAR, van Het Hof B, van Wijck Y, van der Pol SMA, Kooij G, Geerts D, de Vries HE. Brain endothelial barrier passage by monocytes is controlled by the endothelin system. J Neurochem 2011; 121:730-7. [PMID: 21777246 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07393.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Homeostasis of the brain is dependent on the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This barrier tightly regulates the exchange of essential nutrients and limits the free flow of immune cells into the CNS. Perturbations of BBB function and the loss of its immune quiescence are hallmarks of a variety of brain diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS), vascular dementia, and stroke. In particular, diapedesis of monocytes and subsequent trafficking of monocyte-derived macrophages into the brain are key mediators of demyelination and axonal damage in MS. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is considered as a potent pro-inflammatory peptide and has been implicated in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Here, we studied the role of different components of the endothelin system, i.e., ET-1, its type B receptor (ET(B)) and endothelin-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1) in monocyte diapedesis of a human brain endothelial cell barrier. Our pharmacological inhibitory and specific gene knockdown studies point to a regulatory function of these proteins in transendothelial passage of monocytes. Results from this study suggest that the endothelin system is a putative target within the brain for anti-inflammatory treatment in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arie Reijerkerk
- Blood-brain barrier Research Group, Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Kooij G, Mizee MR, van Horssen J, Reijerkerk A, Witte ME, Drexhage JAR, van der Pol SMA, van Het Hof B, Scheffer G, Scheper R, Dijkstra CD, van der Valk P, de Vries HE. Adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporters mediate chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 secretion from reactive astrocytes: relevance to multiple sclerosis pathogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 134:555-70. [PMID: 21183485 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awq330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette efflux transporters are highly expressed at the blood-brain barrier and actively hinder passage of harmful compounds, thereby maintaining brain homoeostasis. Since, adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporters drive cellular exclusion of potential neurotoxic compounds or inflammatory molecules, alterations in their expression and function at the blood-brain barrier may contribute to the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory disorders, such as multiple sclerosis. Therefore, we investigated the expression pattern of different adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette efflux transporters, including P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance-associated proteins-1 and -2 and breast cancer resistance protein in various well-characterized human multiple sclerosis lesions. Cerebrovascular expression of P-glycoprotein was decreased in both active and chronic inactive multiple sclerosis lesions. Interestingly, foamy macrophages in active multiple sclerosis lesions showed enhanced expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein-1 and breast cancer resistance protein, which coincided with their increased function of cultured foamy macrophages. Strikingly, reactive astrocytes display an increased expression of P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated protein-1 in both active and inactive multiple sclerosis lesions, which correlated with their enhanced in vitro activity on astrocytes derived from multiple sclerosis lesions. To investigate whether adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporters on reactive astrocytes can contribute to the inflammatory process, primary cultures of reactive human astrocytes were generated through activation of Toll-like receptor-3 to mimic the astrocytic phenotype as observed in multiple sclerosis lesions. Notably, blocking adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter activity on reactive astrocytes inhibited immune cell migration across a blood-brain barrier model in vitro, which was due to the reduction of astrocytic release of the chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2. Our data point towards a novel (patho)physiological role for adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporters, suggesting that limiting their activity by dampening astrocyte activation may open therapeutic avenues to diminish tissue damage during multiple sclerosis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs Kooij
- Blood-Brain Barrier Research Group, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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