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Luo H, Li Y, Xie J, Xu C, Zhang Z, Li M, Xia B, Shi Z, Lin L. Effect and mechanism of Prunella vulgaris L. extract on alleviating lipopolysaccharide-induced acute mastitis in protecting the blood-milk barrier and reducing inflammation. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 328:117998. [PMID: 38484956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE According to ancient literature, Prunella vulgaris L. (P vulgaris) alleviates mastitis and has been used in China for many years; however, there are no relevant reports that confirm this or the mechanism of its efficacy. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the anti-acute mastitis effect and potential mechanism of P vulgaris extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, the active ingredients and targets of P vulgaris against mastitis were predicted using network pharmacology. Next, the relevant active ingredients were enriched using macroporous resins and verified using UV and UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Lastly, a mouse model of acute mastitis was established by injecting lipopolysaccharides into the mammary gland and administering P vulgaris extract by oral gavage. The pathological changes in mammary tissue were observed by HE staining. Serum and tissue inflammatory factors were measured by ELISA method. MPO activity in mammary tissue was measured using colorimetry and MPO expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, claudin-3, and occludin) in mammary tissue was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot. iNOS and COX-2 in mammary tissue were detected by Western blot. MAPK pathway and NF-κB pathway related proteins were also detected by Western blot. RESULTS Network pharmacology predicted that phenolic acids and flavonoids in P vulgaris had anti-mastitis effects. The contents of total flavonoids and total phenolic acids in P vulgaris extract were 64.5% and 29.4%, respectively. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS confirmed that P vulgaris extract contained phenolic acids and flavonoids. The results of animal experiments showed that P vulgaris extract reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, and interstitial congestion of mammary tissue. It also reduced the levels of serum and tissue inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and inhibited the activation of MPO. Furthermore, it downregulated the expression of MAPK and NF-κB pathway-related proteins. The expressions of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-3 in mammary gland tissues were upregulated. CONCLUSIONS P vulgaris extract can maintain the integrity of mammary connective tissue and reduce its inflammatory response to prevent acute mastitis. Its mechanism probably involves regulating NF-κB and MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshan Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China.
| | - Yamei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China.
| | - Jingchen Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China.
| | - Chunfang Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China.
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China.
| | - Minjie Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China.
| | - Bohou Xia
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China.
| | - Zhe Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China.
| | - Limei Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China.
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Legere EA, Baumholtz AI, Lachance JFB, Archer M, Piontek J, Ryan AK. Claudin-3 in the non-neural ectoderm is essential for neural fold fusion in chicken embryos. Dev Biol 2024; 507:20-33. [PMID: 38154769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The neural tube, the embryonic precursor to the brain and spinal cord, begins as a flat sheet of epithelial cells, divided into non-neural and neural ectoderm. Proper neural tube closure requires that the edges of the neural ectoderm, the neural folds, to elevate upwards and fuse along the dorsal midline of the embryo. We have previously shown that members of the claudin protein family are required for the early phases of chick neural tube closure. Claudins are transmembrane proteins, localized in apical tight junctions within epithelial cells where they are essential for regulation of paracellular permeability, strongly involved in apical-basal polarity, cell-cell adhesion, and bridging the tight junction to cytoplasmic proteins. Here we explored the role of Claudin-3 (Cldn3), which is specifically expressed in the non-neural ectoderm. We discovered that depletion of Cldn3 causes folic acid-insensitive primarily spinal neural tube defects due to a failure in neural fold fusion. Apical cell surface morphology of Cldn3-depleted non-neural ectodermal cells exhibited increased membrane blebbing and smaller apical surfaces. Although apical-basal polarity was retained, we observed altered Par3 and Pals1 protein localization patterns within the apical domain of the non-neural ectodermal cells in Cldn3-depleted embryos. Furthermore, F-actin signal was reduced at apical junctions. Our data presents a model of spina bifida, and the role that Cldn3 is playing in regulating essential apical cell processes in the non-neural ectoderm required for neural fold fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth-Ann Legere
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Canada; The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Amanda I Baumholtz
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Canada; The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | | | | | - Jörg Piontek
- Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Aimee K Ryan
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Canada; The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Huang ZQ, Zhou XM, Yuan T, Liu J, Ong HH, Sun LY, Tu JH, Li MY, Thong KTM, Ye J, Shi L, Wang DY, Xu Y. Epithelial Tight Junction Anomalies in Nasal Inverted Papilloma. Laryngoscope 2024; 134:552-561. [PMID: 37345652 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As a critical component of the epithelial barrier, tight junctions (TJs) are essential in nasal mucosa against pathogen invasion. However, the function of TJs has rarely been reported in nasal inverted papilloma (NIP). This study aims to investigate the potential factors of TJs' abnormality in NIP. METHODS We assessed the expression of ZO-1, occludin, claudin-1, claudin-3, and claudin-7 in healthy controls and NIP by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescent staining. The correlation between TJs expression and neutrophil count, TH 1/TH 2/TH 17 and regulatory T cell biomarkers, and the proportion of nasal epithelial cells was investigated. RESULTS Upregulation of ZO-1, occludin, claudin-1, and claudin-7, along with downregulation of claudin-3, was found in NIP compared to control (all p < 0.05). An abnormal proportion with a lower number of ciliated cells (control vs. NIP: 37.60 vs. 8.67) and goblet cells (12.52 vs. 0.33) together with a higher number of basal cells (45.58 vs. 124.00) in NIP. Meanwhile, claudin-3 was positively correlated with ciliated and goblet cells (all p < 0.01). Additionally, neutrophils were excessively infiltrated in NIP, negatively correlated with ZO-1, but positively with claudin-3 (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, FOXP3, IL-10, TGF-β1, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-22 levels were induced in NIP (all p < 0.01). Occludin level was negatively correlated with IL-10, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-22, whereas ZO-1 was positively with TGF-β1 (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Nasal epithelial barrier dysfunction with TJs anomalies is commonly associated with abnormal proliferation and differentiation of epithelial cells and imbalance of immune and inflammatory patterns in NIP. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 134:552-561, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qun Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiang-Min Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Otolaryngology, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tian Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hsiao H Ong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li-Ying Sun
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun-Hao Tu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Meng-Yue Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Changji Branch, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Changji, China
| | - Kim T M Thong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Li Shi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - De-Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Karetnikova ES, Jarzebska N, Rodionov RN, Spieth PM, Markov AG. Transcriptional Levels of Intercellular Junction Proteins in an Alveolar Epithelial Cell Line Exposed to Irradiation or Bleomycin. Bull Exp Biol Med 2024; 176:442-446. [PMID: 38488962 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-024-06043-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
We performed a comparative study of the effects of X-ray irradiation and bleomycin on the mRNA levels of E-cadherin and tight junction proteins (claudin-3, claudin-4, claudin-18, ZO-2, and occludin) in an alveolar epithelial cell line L2. Irradiation decreased claudin-4 levels and increased occludin levels, while the levels of other mRNAs remained unchanged. Bleomycin increased the expression levels of all proteins examined except claudin-3. Irradiation and bleomycin have different effects on the expression level of intercellular junction proteins, indicating different reactions triggered in alveolar epithelial cells and a great prospects of further comparative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Karetnikova
- Department of General Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N Jarzebska
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - R N Rodionov
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - P M Spieth
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - A G Markov
- Department of General Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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Mak S, Hammes A. Canonical and Non-Canonical Localization of Tight Junction Proteins during Early Murine Cranial Development. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1426. [PMID: 38338705 PMCID: PMC10855338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the intricate composition and spatial distribution of tight junction complex proteins during early mouse neurulation. The analyses focused on the cranial neural tube, which gives rise to all head structures. Neurulation brings about significant changes in the neuronal and non-neuronal ectoderm at a cellular and tissue level. During this process, precise coordination of both epithelial integrity and epithelial dynamics is essential for accurate tissue morphogenesis. Tight junctions are pivotal for epithelial integrity, yet their complex composition in this context remains poorly understood. Our examination of various tight junction proteins in the forebrain region of mouse embryos revealed distinct patterns in the neuronal and non-neuronal ectoderm, as well as mesoderm-derived mesenchymal cells. While claudin-4 exhibited exclusive expression in the non-neuronal ectoderm, we demonstrated a neuronal ectoderm specific localization for claudin-12 in the developing cranial neural tube. Claudin-5 was uniquely present in mesenchymal cells. Regarding the subcellular localization, canonical tight junction localization in the apical junctions was predominant for most tight junction complex proteins. ZO-1 (zona occludens protein-1), claudin-1, claudin-4, claudin-12, and occludin were detected at the apical junction. However, claudin-1 and occludin also appeared in basolateral domains. Intriguingly, claudin-3 displayed a non-canonical localization, overlapping with a nuclear lamina marker. These findings highlight the diverse tissue and subcellular distribution of tight junction proteins and emphasize the need for their precise regulation during the dynamic processes of forebrain development. The study can thereby contribute to a better understanding of the role of tight junction complex proteins in forebrain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shermin Mak
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany;
- Institute for Biology, Free University of Berlin, 14159 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Hammes
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany;
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Zhang P, Abudunaibi M, Zhao Q, Wu Y, Aihaiti G, Wu S, Qi J, Shi L, Xu H. Effect of Infliximab on Radiation-Induced Submandibular Gland Dysfunction in Rats. Radiat Res 2024; 201:77-86. [PMID: 38044712 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-00192.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory response is one of the essential parts of various pathogenic mechanisms of radiation-induced salivary dysfunction. The effect of decreasing the levels of inflammatory cytokines on alleviating submandibular gland injuries after irradiation is unclear. This study aimed to explore the effect of the antibody against tumor necrosis factor-alpha, infliximab, on radiation-induced submandibular gland dysfunction in rats. Male Wistar rats received a single 20 Gy dose to the right submandibular gland region or sham irradiated. Meanwhile, the irradiated group was divided into infliximab treatment groups or untreated groups. Animals were euthanized at 1, 6, and 12 weeks postirradiation, and the irradiated submandibular gland was dissected for subsequent detection. Submandibular gland exposure caused obvious pathological changes. The increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6, represent an aggravated inflammatory response. The results of the western blot, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and immunofluorescence staining showed upregulated levels of claudin-1, claudin-3, and aquaporin 5 and downregulated levels of claudin-4. Moreover, nuclear factor kappa-B phosphorylation levels were also up-regulated. In subsequent experiments, we found that infliximab alleviated inflammatory response, up-regulated tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 levels, and improved claudin-1, claudin-3, claudin-4, and aquaporin 5 expression. Our results indicate that infliximab might improve the para-cellular pathway and trans-cellular pathway destruction by reducing the inflammatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxin Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, P. R. China
- Postgraduate College of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, P. R. China
| | - Maimaitituerxun Abudunaibi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, P. R. China
- Postgraduate College of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Radiology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, P. R. China
| | - Yanhui Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Sijing Hospital of Songjiang District, Shanghai 201601, P. R. China
| | - Guliziba Aihaiti
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, P. R. China
- Postgraduate College of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, P. R. China
| | - Shihan Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, P. R. China
- Postgraduate College of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, P. R. China
| | - Jia Qi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, P. R. China
- Postgraduate College of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, P. R. China
| | - Liang Shi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, P. R. China
- Stomatology School of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, P. R. China
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Okamoto E, Matsuda S, Yoshino Y, Morikawa Y, Suenami K, Tabuchi Y, Matsunaga T, Hayashi H, Ikari A. Increase in Paracellular Leakage of Amino Acids Mediated by Aging-Induced Reduction of Claudin-4 Expression. J Nutr 2023; 153:3360-3372. [PMID: 37806357 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Claudins (CLDNs), major components of tight junctions, control paracellular permeabilities of mineral ions and wastes. The absorption of nutrients including glucose and amino acids (AAs) is regulated by intestinal epithelial cells. However, the role of CLDNs is not fully understood. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of AA deprivation on the expression of AA transporters and CLDNs, as well as the role of CLDNs in the regulation of paracellular AA fluxes. METHODS The messenger RNA and protein expression of various CLDNs were examined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses, respectively. The AA selectivity of CLDNs was estimated using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. RESULTS The expression levels of some AA transporters, CLDN4, and CLDN15 were increased by AA deprivation in normal mouse colon-derived MCE301 cells. The expression of AA transporters and CLDN15 in the mouse colon was positively correlated with aging but the expression of CLDN4 was not. The AA deprivation-induced elevation of CLDN4 expression was inhibited by MHY1485, a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activator. Furthermore, CLDN4 expression was increased by rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor. mTOR may be involved in the transcriptional activation of CLDN4. The fluxes of AAs from the basal to apical compartments were decreased and increased by CLDN4 overexpression and silencing, respectively. LC-MS analysis showed that the fluxes of all AAs, especially Lys, His, and Arg, were enhanced by CLDN4 silencing. CONCLUSIONS CLDN4 is suggested to form a paracellular barrier to AAs, especially alkaline AAs, which is attenuated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema Okamoto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Matsuda
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuta Yoshino
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Morikawa
- Forensic Science Laboratory, Gifu Prefectural Police Headquarters, Gifu, Japan
| | - Koichi Suenami
- Forensic Science Laboratory, Gifu Prefectural Police Headquarters, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tabuchi
- Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | | | | | - Akira Ikari
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan.
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Park HY, Yu JH. X-ray radiation-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction in human epithelial Caco-2 cell monolayers. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 264:115404. [PMID: 37625335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Radiation therapy and unwanted radiological or nuclear exposure, such as nuclear plant accidents, terrorist attacks, and military conflicts, pose serious health issues to humans. Dysfunction of the intestinal epithelial barrier and the leakage of luminal antigens and bacteria across the barrier have been linked to various human diseases. Intestinal permeability is regulated by intercellular structures, termed tight junctions (TJs), which are disrupted after radiation exposure. In this study, we investigated radiation-induced alterations in TJ-related proteins in an intestinal epithelial cell model. Caco-2 cells were irradiated with 2, 5, and 10 Gy and harvested 1 and 24 h after X-ray exposure. The trypan blue assay revealed that cell viability was reduced in a dose-dependent manner 24 h after X-ray exposure compared to that of non-irradiated cells. However, the WST-8 assay revealed that cell proliferation was significantly reduced only 24 h after radiation exposure to 10 Gy compared to that of non-irradiated cells. In addition, a decreased growth rate and increased doubling time were observed in cells irradiated with X-rays. Intestinal permeability was significantly increased, and transepithelial electrical resistance values were remarkably reduced in Caco-2 cell monolayers irradiated with X-rays compared to non-irradiated cells. X-ray irradiation significantly decreased the mRNA and protein levels of ZO-1, occludin, claudin-3, and claudin-4, with ZO-1 and claudin-3 protein levels decreasing in a dose-dependent manner. Overall, the present study reveals that exposure to X-ray induces dysfunction of the human epithelial intestinal barrier and integrity via the downregulation of TJ-related genes, which may be a key factor contributing to intestinal barrier damage and increased intestinal permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Young Park
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Hee Yu
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
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Sun Z, Yan T, Jiang H, Cai J, Zhu X, Chen Q. Claudin-3 facilitates the progression and mediates the tumorigenic effects of TGF-β in glioblastoma multiforme. Med Oncol 2023; 40:268. [PMID: 37578554 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02136-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a significantly malignant and lethal brain tumor with an average survival time of less than 12 months. Several researches had shown that Claudin-3 (CLDN3) is overexpressed in various cancers and might be important in their growth and spread. In this study, we used qRT-PCR, western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence staining assays to investigate the expression levels of various proteins. To explore the proliferation abilities of GBM cells, we conducted the CCK-8 and EdU-DNA formation assays. Wound healing and transwell assays were used to investigate the capacities of invasion and migration of GBM cells. Additionally, we constructed an intracranial xenograft model of GBM to study the in vivo role of CLDN3. Our study devoted to investigate the function of CLDN3 in the pathogenesis and progression of GBM. Our study revealed that CLDN3 was upregulated in GBM and could stimulate tumor cell growth and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in both laboratory and animal models. We also discovered that CLDN3 expression could be triggered by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and reduced by specific inhibitors of the TGF-β signaling pathway, such as ITD-1. Further analysis revealed that increased CLDN3 levels enhanced TGF-β-induced growth and EMT in GBM cells, while reducing CLDN3 levels weakened these effects. Our study demonstrated the function of CLDN3 in facilitating GBM growth and metastasis and indicated its involvement in the tumorigenic effects of TGF-β. Developing specific inhibitors of CLDN3 might, therefore, represent a promising new approach for treating this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Tengfeng Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongxiang Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Jiayang Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Xiwei Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Qianxue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
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10
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Li E, Li C, Horn N, Ajuwon KM. PPARγ activation inhibits endocytosis of claudin-4 and protects against deoxynivalenol-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction in IPEC-J2 cells and weaned piglets. Toxicol Lett 2023; 375:8-20. [PMID: 36596350 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The role of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation has been well characterized. Besides adipose tissue, PPARγ is also highly expressed in the intestine. However, the functional role of PPARγ in the regulation of intestinal function still remains poorly understood. In the present study, we sought to understand the role of PPARγ activation on regulation of intestinal barrier function in intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) and weaned piglets exposed to the mycotoxin, deoxynivalenol (DON). PPARγ activation by rosiglitazone and troglitazone, two pharmacological PPARγ ligands, increased the protein expression of tight junction proteins (TJP), claudin-3 and 4. PPARγ inhibition increased endocytosis of claudin-4 which was reversed by its activation with troglitazone. DON exposure decreased the protein expression of TJP, and also significantly suppressed PPARγ transcriptional activity. Interestingly, PPARγ activation reversed the reduction of claudin-3 and 4 caused by DON in vitro and in vivo. PPARγ activation also partially restored the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and reduced the permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-dextran) that have been negatively impacted by DON. These effects were lost in the presence of a specific PPARγ antagonist or in PPARγ knockout cells, confirming the importance of PPARγ in the regulation of intestinal barrier function and integrity. Likewise, in weaned pigs exposed to DON, the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone mitigated the impaired villus-crypt morphology caused by DON. Therefore, pharmacological and natural bioactive compounds with PPARγ stimulatory activities could be effective in preventing DON-induced gut barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enkai Li
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, 270 S. Russell St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Chuang Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Nathan Horn
- United Animal Health, 322S Main St #1113, Sheridan, IN 46069, United States
| | - Kolapo M Ajuwon
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, 270 S. Russell St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.
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11
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Su M, Qi H, Huang Q, Wang L, Guo X, Wang Q. Acute arsenic exposure exacerbates lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury possibly by compromising the integrity of the lung epithelial barrier in rats. Sci Total Environ 2023; 857:159561. [PMID: 36265643 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation of large amounts of arsenic can damage the respiratory tract and may exacerbate the development of bacterial pneumonia, but the exact mechanism remains unclear. In this study, male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control, arsenic trioxide (16.0 μg/kg ATO), lipopolysaccharide (0.5 mg/kg LPS), and ATO combined with LPS (16.0 μg/kg ATO + 0.5 mg/kg LPS) groups. Blood and lung tissue samples were collected from each group 12 h after exposure. The results showed that exposure to ATO or LPS alone produced different effects on leukocytes and inflammatory factors, while combined exposure significantly increased serum interleukin-6, interleukin-10, lung water content, lung lavage fluid protein, and p38 protein phosphorylation levels. Alveolar interstitial thickening, alveolar membrane edema, alveolar type I and II cell matrix vacuolization, and nuclear pyknosis were observed in rats exposed to either ATO or LPS. More severe ultrastructural changes were found in the combined exposure group, and chromatin splitting was observed in alveolar type I cells. Lanthanum nitrate particles leaked from the alveolar vascular lumen in the ATO-exposed group, whereas in the combined exposure group, Evans Blue levels were increased and lanthanum nitrate particles were present in the lung parenchyma. Claudin-3 protein expression increased and claudin-4 expression decreased after ATO or LPS exposure, while claudin-18 expression was unchanged. The changes in claudin-3 and claudin-4 protein expression were further exacerbated by combined exposure. In conclusion, these results suggest that inhalation of ATO may exacerbate the development of bacterial pneumonia and that common mechanisms may exist to synergistically disrupt epithelial barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Su
- Chinese People's Liberation Army Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100071, China; The Northern District of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Huixiu Qi
- Chinese People's Liberation Army Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100071, China; School of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Qingzhen Huang
- Chinese People's Liberation Army Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Chinese People's Liberation Army Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xueqi Guo
- Chinese People's Liberation Army Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Chinese People's Liberation Army Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100071, China.
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12
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Sun L, Zhao N, Li H, Wang B, Li H, Zhang X, Zhao X. Construction of a Lactobacillus plantarum-based claudin-3 targeting delivery system for the development of vaccines against Eimeria tenella. Vaccine 2023; 41:756-765. [PMID: 36526500 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Avian coccidiosis causes huge economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide and currently lacks effective live vector vaccines. Achieving efficient antigen delivery to mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) is critical for improving the effectiveness of vaccines. Here, chicken claudin-3 (CLDN3), a tight junction protein expressed in MALT, was identified as a target, and the C-terminal region of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (C-CPE) was proven to bind to chicken CLDN3. Then, a CLDN3-targeting Lactobacillus plantarum NC8-expressing C-CPE surface display system (NC8/GFP-C-CPE) was constructed to successfully express the heterologous protein on the surface of L. plantarum. The colonization level of NC8/GFP-C-CPE was significantly increased compared to the non-targeting strain and could persist in the intestine for at least 72 h. An oral vaccine strain expressing five EGF domains of Eimeria tenella microneme protein 8 (EtMIC8-EGF) (NC8/EtMIC8-EGF-C-CPE) was constructed to evaluate the protective efficacy against E. tenella infection. The results revealed that CLDN3-targeting L. plantarum induced stronger mucosal immunity in gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) as well as humoral responses and conferred better protection in terms of parasite replication and pathology than the non-targeting strain. Overall, we successfully constructed a CLDN3-targeting L. plantarum NC8 surface display system characterized by MALT-targeting, which is an efficient antigen delivery system to confer enhanced protective efficacy in chickens against E. tenella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Sun
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ningning Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Huihui Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bingxiang Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Xiaomin Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City 271018, Shandong Province, China.
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13
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Huang B, Wang J, Gu A, Wang T, Li J, Shan A. Zearalenone-Induced Mechanical Damage of Intestinal Barrier via the RhoA/ROCK Signaling Pathway in IPEC-J2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012550. [PMID: 36293400 PMCID: PMC9604138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a widespread contaminant of cereals and agricultural products which causes food safety issues. Ingesting food or feed contaminated with ZEN can disrupt the intestinal epithelial barrier function. The RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway plays a key role in regulating the epithelial barrier function, but studies on such roles have rarely focused on the intestine. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the exact mechanism of ZEN-induced intestinal barrier damage and whether the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway is involved. The results showed that ZEN significantly induced alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity and FITC–dextran (4 kDa) passage across the epithelial barrier, which significantly reduced the transepithelial resistance (TEER). Meanwhile, ZEN could induce the significantly down-regulated mRNA expression of tight junction proteins (occludin, claudin-1, ZO-1, and claudin-3) and redistribution of ZO-1 immunofluorescence. Further studies demonstrated that ZEN exposure activated the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway, significantly up-regulated the mRNA expression of ROCK1, the main effector of the signaling pathway, the protein expression of phosphorylated myosin light chain (MLC) and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), and relatively increased the activity of ATP in cells, simultaneously remodeling the cytoskeleton (F-actin). Overall, our study indicated that ZEN induced intestinal barrier dysfunction by activating the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jianping Li
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (A.S.); Tel.: +86-451-55191439 (J.L.); +86-451-55190685 (A.S.)
| | - Anshan Shan
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (A.S.); Tel.: +86-451-55191439 (J.L.); +86-451-55190685 (A.S.)
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14
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Pethaperumal S, Hung SC, Lien TS, Sun DS, Chang HH. P-Selectin is a Critical Factor for Platelet-Mediated Protection on Restraint Stress-Induced Gastrointestinal Injury in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911909. [PMID: 36233211 PMCID: PMC9570147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress is associated with increased risk of gastrointestinal (GI) tract diseases. Evidence indicated that platelets facilitate GI tissue repair in intestinal anastomosis models. However, whether platelets are involved in native mechanism of the rescue of stress-induced GI injury for maintaining the GI homeostasis remains elusive. Because P-selectin-deficient (Selp−/−) mice displayed higher stress-induced GI injury compared to the wild-type (Selp+/+) mice, and P-selectin is specifically expressed in platelets, we hypothesize that P-selectin-expressing platelets play a protective role in the rescue of stress-induced GI injury. Our goal is to clarify the putative protective role of platelets in a GI system, thereby develop a feasible intervention strategy, such as platelet transfer, to overcome stress-induced GI injury. Through monitoring the plasma levels of GI-nonabsorbable Evans blue dye to reveal the progression course of GI injury in live mice, we found that intravenous treatments of purified platelets ameliorated stress-induced GI leakage. The transfer of platelets from wild-type mice was more potent than from Selp−/− mice in the rescue of stress-induced-GI leakage in the recipients. As such, platelet transfer-mediated rescue was conducted in a P-selectin dependent manner. Additionally, platelet-mediated protection is associated with corrections of stress-induced aberrant GI mRNA expressions, including tight junctions claudin 3 and occludin, as well as stress-induced genes activating transcription factor 3 and AMP-activated protein kinase, after the transfer of wild-type platelets into wild-type and Selp−/− mice. Furthermore, the stress-induced apoptosis of CD326+ GI epithelial cells was rescued by the transfer of wild type, but not P-selectin-deficient platelets. These results suggest that platelet plays a protective role for maintaining the GI homeostasis during stress in vivo, and that P-selectin is a molecular target for managing stress-induced GI tract injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shih-Che Hung
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Te-Sheng Lien
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Der-Shan Sun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hou Chang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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15
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Jiang F, Li S, Wang X, Deng Y, Peng S. DPP10-AS1-Mediated Downregulation of MicroRNA-324-3p Is Conducive to the Malignancy of Pancreatic Cancer by Enhancing CLDN3 Expression. Pancreas 2022; 51:1201-1210. [PMID: 37078946 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Network of long noncoding RNA-microRNA (miRNA)-mRNA is becoming increasingly pivotal roles in carcinogenesis mechanism. Herein, we aim to delineate the mechanistic understanding of dipeptidyl peptidase like 10-antisense RNA 1 (DPP10-AS1)/miRNA-324-3p/claudin 3 (CLDN3) axis in the malignancy of pancreatic cancer (PC). METHODS Microarray profiling and other bioinformatics methods were adopted to predict differentially expressed long noncoding RNA-miRNA-mRNA in PC, followed by verification of expression of DPP10-AS1, microRNA-324-3p (miR-324-3p), and CLDN3 in PC cells. The relationship among DPP10-AS1, miR-324-3p, and CLDN3 were further assessed. The PC cell invasion and migration were evaluated by scratch test and transwell assay. Tumor formation and lymph node metastasis were assessed in nude mice. RESULTS Highly expressed DPP10-AS1 and CLDN3 and poorly expressed miR-324-3p were identified in PC cells. The competitively binding between DPP10-AS1 and miR-324-3p was identified, and CLDN3 was targeted and downregulated by miR-324-3p. In addition, DPP10-AS1 was found to sequester miR-324-3p to release CLDN3 expression. DPP10-AS1 knockdown or miR-324-3p restoration diminished migration, invasion, tumor formation, microvessel density, and lymph node metastasis of PC cells, which was associated with CLDN3 downregulation. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the study identified the regulatory role of DPP10-AS1/miR-324-3p/CLDN3 axis in PC, offering a mechanistic basis suggesting DPP10-AS1 ablation as a therapeutic target against PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengru Jiang
- From the Clinical Laboratory, Huadu Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University
| | - Sumei Li
- From the Clinical Laboratory, Huadu Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Chronic Non-infectious Disease, Xinhua Community Health Service Center, Guangzhou
| | - Yingzhao Deng
- From the Clinical Laboratory, Huadu Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University
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16
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Kaak JL, Lobo de Sá FD, Turner JR, Schulzke JD, Bücker R. Unraveling the intestinal epithelial barrier in cyanotoxin microcystin-treated Caco-2 cell monolayers. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1516:188-196. [PMID: 35883254 PMCID: PMC9588585 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Microcystin is a widespread cyanobacterial toxin that affects the intestine to produce diarrheal symptoms after ingestion of freshwater blue-green algae. Our study aimed to characterize the mechanism by which the toxin leads to diarrhea via epithelial barrier dysfunction in a small intestine Caco-2 cell model. Microcystin-treated human Caco-2 epithelial monolayers were functionally and molecularly analyzed for barrier dysfunction. Tight junctions (TJs) and cell damage were analyzed in relation to transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) changes. TER of microcystin-treated Caco-2 cells was reduced by 65% of the initial value after 24 h; concomitantly, permeability for fluorescein increased 2.6-fold. Western blot analysis showed reduced claudin-1 expression, while expression of claudin-3 and -4 remained unchanged. Super-resolution stimulated emission depletion microscopy revealed that TJ integrity was compromised by fraying and splitting of the TJ domain of the epithelial cells. Epithelial apoptosis did not significantly contribute to epithelial barrier dysfunction, while cytoskeletal actomyosin constriction was associated with TJ disintegration and the barrier defect. Our results indicate that microcystin causes intestinal barrier leakiness, which helps to explain the leak flux type of diarrhea as the main pathomechanism after ingestion of cyanobacterial toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Leo Kaak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fábia D. Lobo de Sá
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jerrold R. Turner
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jörg-Dieter Schulzke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland Bücker
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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17
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Tynecka M, Janucik A, Niemira M, Zbikowski A, Stocker N, Tarasik A, Starosz A, Grubczak K, Szalkowska A, Korotko U, Reszec J, Kwasniewski M, Kretowski A, Akdis C, Sokolowska M, Moniuszko M, Eljaszewicz A. The short-term and long-term effects of intranasal mesenchymal stem cell administration to noninflamed mice lung. Front Immunol 2022; 13:967487. [PMID: 36189248 PMCID: PMC9523259 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.967487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (mesenchymal stromal cells; MSC)-based therapies remain a promising approach to treat degenerative and inflammatory diseases. Their beneficial effects were confirmed in numerous experimental models and clinical trials. However, safety issues concerning MSCs’ stability and their long-term effects limit their implementation in clinical practice, including treatment of respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and COVID-19. Here, we aimed to investigate the safety of intranasal application of human adipose tissue-derived MSCs in a preclinical experimental mice model and elucidate their effects on the lungs. We assessed short-term (two days) and long-term (nine days) effects of MSCs administration on lung morphology, immune responses, epithelial barrier function, and transcriptomic profiles. We observed an increased frequency of IFNγ- producing T cells and a decrease in occludin and claudin 3 as a long-term effect of MSCs administration. We also found changes in the lung transcriptomic profiles, reflecting redox imbalance and hypoxia signaling pathway. Additionally, we found dysregulation in genes clustered in pattern recognition receptors, macrophage activation, oxidative stress, and phagocytosis. Our results suggest that i.n. MSCs administration to noninflamed healthy lungs induces, in the late stages, low-grade inflammatory responses aiming at the clearance of MSCs graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Tynecka
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Janucik
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Niemira
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Zbikowski
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Nino Stocker
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Agnieszka Tarasik
- Department of Medical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Starosz
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Kamil Grubczak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Szalkowska
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Urszula Korotko
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Data Analysis, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Reszec
- Department of Medical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Kwasniewski
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Data Analysis, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Cezmi Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Marcin Moniuszko
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Allergology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- *Correspondence: Andrzej Eljaszewicz, ; Marcin Moniuszko,
| | - Andrzej Eljaszewicz
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- *Correspondence: Andrzej Eljaszewicz, ; Marcin Moniuszko,
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18
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Baier FA, Sánchez-Taltavull D, Yarahmadov T, Castellà CG, Jebbawi F, Keogh A, Tombolini R, Odriozola A, Dias MC, Deutsch U, Furuse M, Engelhardt B, Zuber B, Odermatt A, Candinas D, Stroka D. Loss of Claudin-3 Impairs Hepatic Metabolism, Biliary Barrier Function, and Cell Proliferation in the Murine Liver. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:745-767. [PMID: 33866021 PMCID: PMC8273426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Tight junctions in the liver are essential to maintain the blood-biliary barrier, however, the functional contribution of individual tight junction proteins to barrier and metabolic homeostasis remains largely unexplored. Here, we describe the cell type-specific expression of tight junction genes in the murine liver, and explore the regulation and functional importance of the transmembrane protein claudin-3 in liver metabolism, barrier function, and cell proliferation. METHODS The cell type-specific expression of hepatic tight junction genes is described using our mouse liver single-cell sequencing data set. Differential gene expression in Cldn3-/- and Cldn3+/+ livers was assessed in young and aged mice by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and hepatic tissue was analyzed for lipid content and bile acid composition. A surgical model of partial hepatectomy was used to induce liver cell proliferation. RESULTS Claudin-3 is a highly expressed tight junction protein found in the liver and is expressed predominantly in hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. The histology of Cldn3-/- livers showed no overt phenotype, and the canalicular tight junctions appeared intact. Nevertheless, by RNA-seq we detected a down-regulation of metabolic pathways in the livers of Cldn3-/- young and aged mice, as well as a decrease in lipid content and a weakened biliary barrier for primary bile acids, such as taurocholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid, and taurine-conjugated muricholic acid. Coinciding with defects in the biliary barrier and lower lipid metabolism, there was a diminished hepatocyte proliferative response in Cldn3-/- mice after partial hepatectomy. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that, in the liver, claudin-3 is necessary to maintain metabolic homeostasis, retention of bile acids, and optimal hepatocyte proliferation during liver regeneration. The RNA-seq data set can be accessed at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE159914.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Alexander Baier
- Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Sánchez-Taltavull
- Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tural Yarahmadov
- Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Gómez Castellà
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fadi Jebbawi
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Keogh
- Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Tombolini
- Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Urban Deutsch
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mikio Furuse
- Division of Cell Structure, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | | | - Benoît Zuber
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Candinas
- Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Deborah Stroka
- Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Deluco B, Fourie KR, Simko OM, Wilson HL. Localization of Claudin-3 and Claudin-4 within the Small Intestine of newborn piglets. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14717. [PMID: 33523589 PMCID: PMC7849452 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Piglets must acquire passive immunity through colostrum within hours after birth to survive. How colostral macromolecules traverse the small intestinal epithelium may include nonselective pinocytosis and paracellular transport through tight junction proteins located between epithelial cells. Claudin proteins-3 and -4 contribute to the epithelial tight junctions (TJs) on the apical aspect of lateral surfaces of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) where they help regulate ion and macromolecule movement across the intestinal epithelium. Throughout the small intestine of newborn piglets, Claudin-3 was localized to the lateral and basolateral surface of intestinal epithelial cells as well as the membrane of large vacuoles. In the duodenum and jejunum, Claudin-4 was localized to the apical surface independent of tight junction regions. In the ileum, Claudin-4 was localized to the lateral and basolateral surfaces indicating region-specific differences and noncanonical patterns of Claudin-4 localization independent of tight junction regions. Understanding the timing of changes in surface localization of Claudin-3 and Claudin-4 and how they may coincide with changes in small intestinal permeability may help develop new protective strategies against infectious diseases within newborn piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brodie Deluco
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization‐International Vaccine Centre (VIDO‐InterVac)University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada
| | - Kezia R Fourie
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization‐International Vaccine Centre (VIDO‐InterVac)University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada
| | - Olena M Simko
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization‐International Vaccine Centre (VIDO‐InterVac)University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada
| | - Heather L Wilson
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization‐International Vaccine Centre (VIDO‐InterVac)University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada
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20
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Ikeda C, Haga H, Makino N, Inuzuka T, Kurimoto A, Ueda T, Matsuda A, Kakizaki Y, Ishizawa T, Kobayashi T, Sugahara S, Tsunoda M, Suda K, Ueno Y. Utility of Claudin-3 in extracellular vesicles from human bile as biomarkers of cholangiocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1195. [PMID: 33441949 PMCID: PMC7807063 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81023-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released from all cells. Bile directly contacts bile duct tumor; bile-derived EVs may contain high concentrations of cancer biomarkers. We performed a proteomic analysis of human bile-derived EVs and identified a novel biomarker of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). EVs were isolated using ultracentrifugation, and chelating agents, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EDEG) and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) were used as dissolution solutions. Bile was collected from 10 CCA and 10 choledocholithiasis (stones) cases. Proteomic analysis was performed; subsequently, ELISA was performed using the candidate biomarkers in a verification cohort. The vesicles isolated from bile had a typical size and morphology. The expression of exosome markers was observed. RNA was more abundant in the EDEG group. The proportion of microRNA was higher in the EDEG group. EDEG use resulted in the removal of more contaminants. Proteomic analysis identified 166 proteins as CCA-specific. ELISA for Claudin-3 revealed statistically significant difference. The diagnostic accuracy was AUC 0.945 and sensitivity and specificity were 87.5%. We report the first use of EDEG in the isolation of EVs from human bile and the proteomic analysis of human bile-derived EV-proteins in CCA. Claudin-3 in bile-derived EVs is a useful biomarker for CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisaki Ikeda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-8595, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Haga
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-8595, Japan.
| | - Naohiko Makino
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-8595, Japan
| | - Tatsutoshi Inuzuka
- H.U. Group Research Institute G.K., 51 Komiyamachi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0031, Japan
| | - Ayako Kurimoto
- H.U. Group Research Institute G.K., 51 Komiyamachi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0031, Japan
| | - Toshiki Ueda
- H.U. Group Research Institute G.K., 51 Komiyamachi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0031, Japan
| | - Akiko Matsuda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-8595, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Kakizaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-8595, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ishizawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-8595, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-8595, Japan
| | - Shinpei Sugahara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-8595, Japan
| | - Michihiko Tsunoda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-8595, Japan
| | - Kensei Suda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-8595, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ueno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-8595, Japan
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21
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Pearce SC, Weber GJ, van Sambeek DM, Soares JW, Racicot K, Breault DT. Intestinal enteroids recapitulate the effects of short-chain fatty acids on the intestinal epithelium. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230231. [PMID: 32240190 PMCID: PMC7117711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteroids are cultured primary intestinal epithelial cells that recapitulate epithelial lineage development allowing for a more complex and physiologically relevant model for scientific study. The large presence of intestinal stem cells (ISC) in these enteroids allows for the study of metabolite effects on cellular processes and resulting progeny cells. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) such as butyrate (BUT) are bacterial metabolites produced in the gastrointestinal tract that are considered to be beneficial to host cells. Therefore, the objective was to study the effects of SCFAs on biomarkers of ISC activity, differentiation, barrier function and epithelial defense in the intestine using mouse and human enteroid models. Enteroids were treated with two concentrations of acetate (ACET), propionate (PROP), or BUT for 24 h. Enteroids treated with BUT or PROP showed a decrease in proliferation via EdU uptake relative to the controls in both mouse and human models. Gene expression of Lgr5 was shown to decrease with BUT and PROP treatments, but increased with ACET. As a result of BUT and PROP treatments, there was an increase in differentiation markers for enterocyte, Paneth, goblet, and enteroendocrine cells. Gene expression of antimicrobial proteins Reg3β, Reg3γ, and Defb1 were stimulated by BUT and PROP, but not by ACET which had a greater effect on expression of tight junction genes Cldn3 and Ocln in 3D enteroids. Similar results were obtained with human enteroids treated with 10 mM SCFAs and grown in either 3D or Transwell™ model cultures, although tight junctions were influenced by BUT and PROP, but not ACET in monolayer format. Furthermore, BUT and PROP treatments increased transepithelial electrical resistance after 24 h compared to ACET or control. Overall, individual SCFAs are potent stimulators of cellular gene expression, however, PROP and especially BUT show great efficacy for driving cell differentiation and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Pearce
- Performance Nutrition Team, Combat Feeding Directorate, Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center, Natick, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Gregory J. Weber
- Performance Nutrition Team, Combat Feeding Directorate, Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center, Natick, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dana M. van Sambeek
- Performance Nutrition Team, Combat Feeding Directorate, Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center, Natick, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jason W. Soares
- Biological Sciences & Technology Team, Soldier Performance Optimization Directorate, Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center, Natick, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Racicot
- Biological Sciences & Technology Team, Soldier Performance Optimization Directorate, Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center, Natick, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David T. Breault
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Kolosov D, Kelly SP. C-type natriuretic peptide regulates the molecular components of the rainbow trout gill epithelium tight junction complex. Peptides 2020; 124:170211. [PMID: 31770576 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater (FW) fish experience passive paracellular loss of ions into the surrounding environment across water-exposed epithelia such as the gill. The mitigation of paracellular ion loss is thought to be regulated by proteins of the tight junction (TJ) complex and in particular, the large superfamily of claudin (cldn) TJ proteins plays an important role. Transcript and protein levels of TJ proteins in teleosts are known to be under endocrine control of several important osmoregulatory hormones and the current study was aimed at determining whether the osmoregulatory hormone, C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), can alter paracellular permeability and TJ protein abundance in a primary cultured gill epithelium derived from rainbow trout. Natriuretic peptide receptors were detected in the cultured trout gill epithelium. It was found that (i) developing cultured gill epithelia "grown" in the presence of 10 nM CNP, and (ii) mature cultured gill epithelia exposed to 10 nM CNP for 48 h, exhibited augmented barrier properties. This occurred in association with reduced flux rates of a paracellular permeability marker (polyethylene glycol, molecular mass 400; PEG-400) and, reduced ion efflux (i.e. ion loss) when preparations were exposed to apical FW. Exposure to CNP altered mRNA abundance of cldn-3a, -5a, -6, - 8c, -20a, -25b, -28a, -32a and cgn, but differences in the transcriptional response were observed between chronic and acute CNP exposure. In contrast, chronic and acute exposure to CNP resulted in reduced cldn-10e/Cldn-10e abundance. Data suggest that CNP may play a role in regulating the molecular physiology of the TJ complex in the fish gill epithelium and contribute to the regulation of salt and water balance by influencing the paracellular permeability properties of this tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Kolosov
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, M3J1P3, Canada.
| | - Scott P Kelly
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, M3J1P3, Canada
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23
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Piontek A, Eichner M, Zwanziger D, Beier L, Protze J, Walther W, Theurer S, Schmid KW, Führer‐Sakel D, Piontek J, Krause G. Targeting claudin-overexpressing thyroid and lung cancer by modified Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:261-276. [PMID: 31825142 PMCID: PMC6998413 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) can be used to eliminate carcinoma cells that overexpress on their cell surface CPE receptors - a subset of claudins (e.g., Cldn3 and Cldn4). However, CPE cannot target tumors expressing solely CPE-insensitive claudins (such as Cldn1 and Cldn5). To overcome this limitation, structure-guided modifications were used to generate CPE variants that can strongly bind to Cldn1, Cldn2 and/or Cldn5, while maintaining the ability to bind Cldn3 and Cldn4. This enabled (a) targeting of the most frequent endocrine malignancy, namely, Cldn1-overexpressing thyroid cancer, and (b) improved targeting of the most common cancer type worldwide, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which is characterized by high expression of several claudins, including Cldn1 and Cldn5. Different CPE variants, including the novel mutant CPE-Mut3 (S231R/S313H), were applied on thyroid cancer (K1 cells) and NSCLC (PC-9 cells) models. In vitro, CPE-Mut3, but not CPEwt, showed Cldn1-dependent binding and cytotoxicity toward K1 cells. For PC-9 cells, CPE-Mut3 improved claudin-dependent cytotoxic targeting, when compared to CPEwt. In vivo, intratumoral injection of CPE-Mut3 in xenograft models bearing K1 or PC-9 tumors induced necrosis and reduced the growth of both tumor types. Thus, directed modification of CPE enables eradication of tumor entities that cannot be targeted by CPEwt, for instance, Cldn1-overexpressing thyroid cancer by using the novel CPE-Mut3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Piontek
- Leibniz‐Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP)BerlinGermany
| | - Miriam Eichner
- Institute of Clinical Physiology / Nutritional Medicine, Medical DepartmentDivision of Gastroenterology, Infectiology, Rheumatology, Charitè – Universitätsmedizin BerlinGermany
| | - Denise Zwanziger
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry – Division of Laboratory ResearchUniversity Hospital EssenGermany
| | - Laura‐Sophie Beier
- Institute of Clinical Physiology / Nutritional Medicine, Medical DepartmentDivision of Gastroenterology, Infectiology, Rheumatology, Charitè – Universitätsmedizin BerlinGermany
| | - Jonas Protze
- Leibniz‐Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP)BerlinGermany
| | - Wolfgang Walther
- Experimental and Clinical Research CenterCharitè and Max‐Delbrück‐Center for Molecular MedicineBerlinGermany
| | - Sarah Theurer
- Institute of PathologyUniversity Hospital EssenGermany
| | | | - Dagmar Führer‐Sakel
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry – Division of Laboratory ResearchUniversity Hospital EssenGermany
| | - Jörg Piontek
- Institute of Clinical Physiology / Nutritional Medicine, Medical DepartmentDivision of Gastroenterology, Infectiology, Rheumatology, Charitè – Universitätsmedizin BerlinGermany
| | - Gerd Krause
- Leibniz‐Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP)BerlinGermany
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Seo S, Miyake H, Alganabi M, Janssen Lok M, O'Connell JS, Lee C, Li B, Pierro A. Vasoactive intestinal peptide decreases inflammation and tight junction disruption in experimental necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr Surg 2019; 54:2520-2523. [PMID: 31668399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2019.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Excessive inflammatory cell infiltration and accumulation in the intestinal mucosa are pathological features of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) leading to intestinal barrier disruption. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a potent anti-inflammatory agent that regulates intestinal epithelial barrier homeostasis. We previously demonstrated that VIP-ergic neuron expression is decreased in experimental NEC ileum, and this may be associated with inflammation and barrier compromise. We hypothesize that exogenous VIP administration has a beneficial effect in NEC. METHODS NEC was induced in C57BL/6 mice by gavage feeding, hypoxia, and lipopolysaccharide administration between postnatal day (P) 5 and 9. There were four studied groups: Control (n = 6): Breast feeding without stress factors; Control + VIP (n = 5): Breast feeding + intraperitoneal VIP injection once a day from P5 to P9; NEC (n = 9): mice exposed to NEC induction; NEC + VIP (n = 9): NEC induction + intraperitoneal VIP injection. Terminal ileum was harvested on P9. NEC severity, intestinal inflammation, (IL-6 and TNFα), and Tight junctions (Claudin-3) were evaluated. RESULTS NEC severity and intestinal inflammation were significantly decreased in NEC + VIP compared to NEC. Tight junction expression was significantly increased in NEC + VIP compared to NEC. CONCLUSION VIP administration has a beneficial therapeutic effect in NEC by reducing inflammation and tight junction disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Seo
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pediatric General and Urogenital Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromu Miyake
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mashriq Alganabi
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maarten Janssen Lok
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua S O'Connell
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carol Lee
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bo Li
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Agostino Pierro
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effect of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) taurine-upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) on cells proliferation and apoptosis as well as its targeting genes in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells.Blank mimic, lncRNA TUG1 mimic, blank inhibitor, and lncRNA TUG1 inhibitor plasmids were transfected into SK-OV-3 (SKOV3) cells. Rescue experiment was performed by the transfection of lncRNA TUG1 inhibitor and Aurora kinase A (AURKA) mimic plasmids into SKOV3 cells. Cell counting kit-8 (CKK-8), annexin V-FITC (AV)-propidium iodide (PI) (AV-PI), quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and western blot assays were performed to detect cells proliferation, apoptosis, RNA expression, and protein expression respectively.Cells proliferation was increased in lncRNA TUG1 mimic group and decreased in lncRNA TUG1 inhibitor group than normal control (NC) groups. Cells apoptosis rate was repressed after treatment with lncRNA TUG1 mimic and promoted after treatment with lncRNA TUG1 inhibitor. AURKA expression but not CLDN3, SERPINE1, or ETS1 expression was adversely regulated by lncRNA TUG1 mimic and inhibitor. After transferring lncRNA TUG1 (-) and AURKA (+) plasmids, cells proliferation was increased, while cells apoptosis rate was decreased in AURKA mimic (+)/lncRNA TUG1 inhibitor (-) group than NC (+)/lncRNA TUG1 (-) group, which suggested lncRNA TUG1 regulated cells proliferation and cells apoptosis through targeting AURKA.LncRNA TUG1 promotes cells proliferation and inhibits cells apoptosis through regulating AURKA in EOC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Imaging, People's Hospital of Lishui City, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
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Gehne N, Lamik A, Lehmann M, Haseloff RF, Andjelkovic AV, Blasig IE. Cross-over endocytosis of claudins is mediated by interactions via their extracellular loops. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182106. [PMID: 28813441 PMCID: PMC5557494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Claudins (Cldns) are transmembrane tight junction (TJ) proteins that paracellularly seal endo- and epithelial barriers by their interactions within the TJs. However, the mechanisms allowing TJ remodeling while maintaining barrier integrity are largely unknown. Cldns and occludin are heterophilically and homophilically cross-over endocytosed into neighboring cells in large, double membrane vesicles. Super-resolution microscopy confirmed the presence of Cldns in these vesicles and revealed a distinct separation of Cldns derived from opposing cells within cross-over endocytosed vesicles. Colocalization of cross-over endocytosed Cldn with the autophagosome markers as well as inhibition of autophagosome biogenesis verified involvement of the autophagosomal pathway. Accordingly, cross-over endocytosed Cldns underwent lysosomal degradation as indicated by lysosome markers. Cross-over endocytosis of Cldn5 depended on clathrin and caveolin pathways but not on dynamin. Cross-over endocytosis also depended on Cldn-Cldn-interactions. Amino acid substitutions in the second extracellular loop of Cldn5 (F147A, Q156E) caused impaired cis- and trans-interaction, as well as diminished cross-over endocytosis. Moreover, F147A exhibited an increased mobility in the membrane, while Q156E was not as mobile but enhanced the paracellular permeability. In conclusion, the endocytosis of TJ proteins depends on their ability to interact strongly with each other in cis and trans, and the mobility of Cldns in the membrane is not necessarily an indicator of barrier permeability. TJ-remodeling via cross-over endocytosis represents a general mechanism for the degradation of transmembrane proteins in cell-cell contacts and directly links junctional membrane turnover to autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Gehne
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Agathe Lamik
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Lehmann
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Reiner F. Haseloff
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ingolf E. Blasig
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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27
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Aljameeli A, Thakkar A, Shah G. Calcitonin receptor increases invasion of prostate cancer cells by recruiting zonula occludens-1 and promoting PKA-mediated TJ disassembly. Cell Signal 2017; 36:1-13. [PMID: 28428082 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Almost all primary prostate cancers (PCs) and PC cell lines express calcitonin (CT) and/or its receptor (CTR), and their co-expression positively correlates with their invasiveness. Activation of the CT-CTR axis in non-invasive LNCaP cells induces an invasive phenotype. In contrast, silencing of CT/CTR expression in highly metastatic PC-3M cells markedly reduces their tumorigenicity and abolishes their ability to form distant metastases in nude mice. Our recent studies suggest that CTR interacts with zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) through PDZ interaction to destabilize tight junctions and increase invasion of PC cells. Our results show that CTR activates AKAP2-anchored cAMP-dependent protein kinase A, which then phosphorylates tight junction proteins ZO-1 and claudin 3. Moreover, PKA-mediated phosphorylation of tight unction proteins required CTR-ZO-1 interaction, suggesting that the interaction may bring CTR-activated PKA in close proximity of tight junction proteins. Furthermore, inhibition of PKA activity attenuated CT-induced loss of TJ functionality and invasion, suggesting that the phosphorylation of TJ proteins is responsible for TJ disassembly. Finally, we show that the prevention of CTR-ZO-1 interaction abolishes CT-induced invasion, and can serve as a novel therapeutic tool to treat aggressive prostate cancers. In brief, the present study identifies the significance of CTR-ZO-1 interaction in progression of prostate cancer to its metastatic form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Aljameeli
- Pharmacology, University of Louisiana College of Pharmacy, Monroe, LA 71209, USA
| | - Arvind Thakkar
- Pharmacology, University of Louisiana College of Pharmacy, Monroe, LA 71209, USA
| | - Girish Shah
- Pharmacology, University of Louisiana College of Pharmacy, Monroe, LA 71209, USA.
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28
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Wang Y, Sun T, Sun H, Yang S, Li D, Zhou D. SCF/C-Kit/JNK/AP-1 Signaling Pathway Promotes Claudin-3 Expression in Colonic Epithelium and Colorectal Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040765. [PMID: 28383479 PMCID: PMC5412349 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudin-3 is a major protein of tight junctions (TJs) in the intestinal epithelium and is critical for maintaining cell-cell adhesion, barrier function, and epithelium polarity. Recent studies have shown high claudin-3 levels in several solid tumors, but the regulation mechanism of claudin-3 expression remains poorly understood. In the present study, colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues, HT-29 and DLD-1 CRC cell lines, CRC murine model (C57BL/6 mice) and c-kit loss-of-function mutant mice were used. We demonstrated that elevated claudin-3 levels were positively correlated with highly expressed c-kit in CRC tissues based upon analysis of protein expression. In vitro, claudin-3 expression was clearly increased in CRC cells by overexpressed c-kit or stimulated by exogenous recombinant human stem cell factor (rhSCF), while significantly decreased by the treatment with c-kit or c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitors. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase reporter assay showed that SCF/c-kit signaling significantly promoted activator protein-1 (AP-1) binding with CLDN-3 promoter and enhanced its transcription activity. Furthermore, decreased expression of claudin-3 was obtained in the colonic epithelium from the c-Kit loss-of-function mutant mice. In conclusion, SCF/c-kit-JNK/AP-1 signaling pathway significantly promoted claudin-3 expression in colonic epithelium and CRC, which could contribute to epithelial barrier function maintenance and to CRC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxi Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Tingyi Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China.
- Cancer Institute of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Haimei Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China.
- Cancer Institute of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China.
- Cancer Institute of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Deshan Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China.
- Cancer Institute of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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李 婧, 谢 芳, 徐 晓, 马 娟, 周 代, 廖 妍, 唐 静, 谢 乾, 白 岚, 南 清. [Claudin-3 expression in colorectal carcinoma and its significance]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2017; 37:63-67. [PMID: 28109100 PMCID: PMC6765752 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2017.01.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of claudin-3 in colorectal carcinoma and its association with the occurrence, progression and prognosis of colorectal cancer. METHODS Forty surgical specimens of colorectal carcinoma and 22 adjacent normal tissues resected between October, 2010 and January, 2013 at Nanfang Hospital were examined for claudin-3 expression using immunohistochemistry, which was analyzed in association with the clinicopathological parameters and the survival of the patients. RESULTS Claudin-3 was expressed mainly on the cell membrane, and its positivity rate was significantly higher in cancer tissues than in normal tissues (92.50% vs 59.09%, P<0.05). In 13 cases claudin-3 expression was detected in both the cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues with average expression scores of 4.538 and 3.269, respectively (P<0.05). In the cancer tissues, the strongly positive expression rate was significantly higher in poorly differentiated tissues (85.71%) than in well (21.43%) and moderately (36.48%) differentiated tissues (P<0.05), and was higher in cases with lymph node metastasis than in those without (61.11% vs 22.72%, P<0.05). The strongly positive expression rate of claudin-3 was not correlated with the patients'age, gender, tumor location or tumor size (P>0.05). Of the 33 cancer patients followed up, 14 had a postoperative survival time no longer than 3 years and 19 had longer survival time, and their average expression scores differed significantly (4.50 vs 3.526, P<0.05). CONCLUSION Claudin-3 is over-expressed in colorectal cancer tissues, and its high expression may promote the occurrence and progression of colorectal cancer. Claudin-3 may serve as a molecular biomarker for early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- 婧宜 李
- />南方医科大学南方医院消化内科//广东省胃肠疾病重点实验室,广东 广州 510515Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 芳 谢
- />南方医科大学南方医院消化内科//广东省胃肠疾病重点实验室,广东 广州 510515Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 晓平 徐
- />南方医科大学南方医院消化内科//广东省胃肠疾病重点实验室,广东 广州 510515Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 娟娟 马
- />南方医科大学南方医院消化内科//广东省胃肠疾病重点实验室,广东 广州 510515Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 代超 周
- />南方医科大学南方医院消化内科//广东省胃肠疾病重点实验室,广东 广州 510515Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 妍 廖
- />南方医科大学南方医院消化内科//广东省胃肠疾病重点实验室,广东 广州 510515Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 静 唐
- />南方医科大学南方医院消化内科//广东省胃肠疾病重点实验室,广东 广州 510515Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 乾 谢
- />南方医科大学南方医院消化内科//广东省胃肠疾病重点实验室,广东 广州 510515Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 岚 白
- />南方医科大学南方医院消化内科//广东省胃肠疾病重点实验室,广东 广州 510515Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 清振 南
- />南方医科大学南方医院消化内科//广东省胃肠疾病重点实验室,广东 广州 510515Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Kim NI, Kim GE, Lee JS. Diagnostic Usefulness of Claudin-3 and Claudin-4 for Immunocytochemical Differentiation between Metastatic Adenocarcinoma Cells and Reactive Mesothelial Cells in Effusion Cell Blocks. Acta Cytol 2016; 60:232-9. [PMID: 27387183 DOI: 10.1159/000447008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Claudin-3 and claudin-4 have recently been reported as promising targets for the detection and diagnosis of cancer. This study was designed to evaluate the diagnostic value of claudin-3 and claudin-4 immunoreactivity to distinguish metastatic adenocarcinoma cells (MAC) from reactive mesothelial cells (RMC) in effusions. STUDY DESIGN Claudin-3 and claudin-4 immunocytochemical staining was performed on 234 cell block specimens, including 194 malignant effusions with MAC and 40 benign effusions with RMC. Any degree of membranous staining was considered positive. RESULTS Claudin-3 was positive in 190 (97.9%) out of 194 cases with MAC and in 3 (7.5%) out of 40 cases with RMC. Claudin-4 immunoreactivity was seen in all 194 (100%) cases with MAC and in 11 (27.5%) out of 40 cases with RMC. In all claudin-3- or claudin-4-positive RMC samples, the area of positive staining was <25% of the cells. Claudin-3 and claudin-4 efficiently discriminated between MAC and RMC (p < 0.001 for both), and claudin-3 was more specific than claudin-4 in differentiating between MAC and RMC (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION These results suggest that claudin-3 and claudin-4 are good candidates to be included as MAC markers in the panel of antibodies to distinguish MAC from RMC in effusion specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nah Ihm Kim
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Papadopoulos D, Dietze R, Shihan M, Kirch U, Scheiner-Bobis G. Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Stimulates Expression of Blood-Testis-Barrier Proteins Claudin-3 and -5 and Tight Junction Formation via a Gnα11-Coupled Receptor in Sertoli Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150143. [PMID: 26938869 PMCID: PMC4777551 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) is a circulating sulfated steroid considered to be a pro-androgen in mammalian physiology. Here we show that at a physiological concentration (1 μM), DHEAS induces the phosphorylation of the kinase Erk1/2 and of the transcription factors CREB and ATF-1 in the murine Sertoli cell line TM4. This signaling cascade stimulates the expression of the tight junction (TJ) proteins claudin-3 and claudin-5. As a consequence of the increased expression, tight junction connections between neighboring Sertoli cells are augmented, as demonstrated by measurements of transepithelial resistance. Phosphorylation of Erk1/2, CREB, or ATF-1 is not affected by the presence of the steroid sulfatase inhibitor STX64. Erk1/2 phosphorylation was not observed when dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) was used instead of DHEAS. Abrogation of androgen receptor (AR) expression by siRNA did not affect DHEAS-stimulated Erk1/2 phosphorylation, nor did it change DHEAS-induced stimulation of claudin-3 and claudin-5 expression. All of the above indicate that desulfation and conversion of DHEAS into a different steroid hormone is not required to trigger the DHEAS-induced signaling cascade. All activating effects of DHEAS, however, are abolished when the expression of the G-protein Gnα11 is suppressed by siRNA, including claudin-3 and -5 expression and TJ formation between neighboring Sertoli cells as indicated by reduced transepithelial resistance. Taken together, these results are consistent with the effects of DHEAS being mediated through a membrane-bound G-protein-coupled receptor interacting with Gnα11 in a signaling pathway that resembles the non-classical signaling pathways of steroid hormones. Considering the fact that DHEAS is produced in reproductive organs, these findings also suggest that DHEAS, by acting as an autonomous steroid hormone and influencing the formation and dynamics of the TJ at the blood-testis barrier, might play a crucial role for the regulation and maintenance of male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Papadopoulos
- Institut für Veterinär-Physiologie und -Biochemie, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Raimund Dietze
- Institut für Veterinär-Physiologie und -Biochemie, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mazen Shihan
- Institut für Veterinär-Physiologie und -Biochemie, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kirch
- Institut für Veterinär-Physiologie und -Biochemie, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Georgios Scheiner-Bobis
- Institut für Veterinär-Physiologie und -Biochemie, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Li J, Li YX, Chen MH, Li J, Du J, Shen B, Xia XM. Changes in the phosphorylation of claudins during the course of experimental colitis. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8:12225-12233. [PMID: 26722407 PMCID: PMC4680352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The phosphorylation of the tight-junction protein claudin causes allosterism, endocytosis and changes in the polarity of the epithelium, thus affecting the barrier function. The phosphorylation status of claudin during the course of colitis has not been demonstrated. In the present study, we found that the phosphorylated claudin-4 and claudin-7 contents were increased in experimental colitis at days 6 and 8, and colonic phosphorylated claudin-6 was found to be increased at day 4 and day 8. Colonic phosphorylated claudin-5 was found to be decreased at day 4 but increased at day 6. These changes were accompanied by increases in intestinal permeability. In T84 cells, phosphorylated claudin-3 was increased at 48 h but decreased at 72 h after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. Phosphorylated claudin-5 and claudin-7 were decreased 72 h after LPS treatment, while phosphorylated claudin-6 was increased at 72 h after LPS treatment. We conclude that the phosphorylation of colonic claudins was changed during the course of colitis, which may be related to the change in the intestinal barrier function. Cytokine such as LPS was found to affect the phosphorylation of colonic claudins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yong-Xiang Li
- The Eighth Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Mei-Hua Chen
- Department of Physiology, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Physiology, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Physiology, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Bing Shen
- Department of Physiology, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xian-Ming Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, Anhui, China
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Sawanobori Y, Ueta H, Dijkstra CD, Park CG, Satou M, Kitazawa Y, Matsuno K. Three distinct subsets of thymic epithelial cells in rats and mice defined by novel antibodies. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109995. [PMID: 25334032 PMCID: PMC4204869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Thymic epithelial cells (TECs) are thought to play an essential role in T cell development and have been detected mainly in mice using lectin binding and antibodies to keratins. Our aim in the present study was to create a precise map of rat TECs using antibodies to putative markers and novel monoclonal antibodies (i.e., ED 18/19/21 and anti-CD205 antibodies) and compare it with a map from mouse counterparts and that of rat thymic dendritic cells. RESULTS Rat TECs were subdivided on the basis of phenotype into three subsets; ED18+ED19+/-keratin 5 (K5)+K8+CD205+ class II MHC (MHCII)+ cortical TECs (cTECs), ED18+ED21-K5-K8+Ulex europaeus lectin 1 (UEA-1)+CD205- medullary TECs (mTEC1s), and ED18+ED21+K5+K8dullUEA-1-CD205- medullary TECs (mTEC2s). Thymic nurse cells were defined in cytosmears as an ED18+ED19+/-K5+K8+ subset of cTECs. mTEC1s preferentially expressed MHCII, claudin-3, claudin-4, and autoimmune regulator (AIRE). Use of ED18 and ED21 antibodies revealed three subsets of TECs in mice as well. We also detected two distinct TEC-free areas in the subcapsular cortex and in the medulla. Rat dendritic cells in the cortex were MHCII+CD103+ but negative for TEC markers, including CD205. Those in the medulla were MHCII+CD103+ and CD205+ cells were found only in the TEC-free area. CONCLUSION Both rats and mice have three TEC subsets with similar phenotypes that can be identified using known markers and new monoclonal antibodies. These findings will facilitate further analysis of TEC subsets and DCs and help to define their roles in thymic selection and in pathological states such as autoimmune disorders.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Claudin-3/immunology
- Claudin-3/metabolism
- Claudin-4/immunology
- Claudin-4/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/cytology
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/pathology
- Female
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/metabolism
- Keratin-5/immunology
- Keratin-5/metabolism
- Keratin-8/immunology
- Keratin-8/metabolism
- Lectins, C-Type/immunology
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Minor Histocompatibility Antigens
- Phenotype
- Plant Lectins/immunology
- Plant Lectins/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Receptors, Cell Surface/immunology
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Thymus Gland/cytology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Sawanobori
- Department of Anatomy (Macro), Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiashi Ueta
- Department of Anatomy (Macro), Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Christine D. Dijkstra
- Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Chae Gyu Park
- Laboratory of Immunology, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Motoyasu Satou
- Department of Biochemistry, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kitazawa
- Department of Anatomy (Macro), Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Matsuno
- Department of Anatomy (Macro), Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Kooij G, Kopplin K, Blasig R, Stuiver M, Koning N, Goverse G, van der Pol SMA, van Het Hof B, Gollasch M, Drexhage JAR, Reijerkerk A, Meij IC, Mebius R, Willnow TE, Müller D, Blasig IE, de Vries HE. Disturbed function of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier aggravates neuro-inflammation. Acta Neuropathol 2014; 128:267-77. [PMID: 24356983 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-013-1227-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuro-inflammatory disorder, which is marked by the invasion of the central nervous system by monocyte-derived macrophages and autoreactive T cells across the brain vasculature. Data from experimental animal models recently implied that the passage of leukocytes across the brain vasculature is preceded by their traversal across the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) of the choroid plexus. The correlation between the presence of leukocytes in the CSF of patients suffering from MS and the number of inflammatory lesions as detected by magnetic resonance imaging suggests that inflammation at the choroid plexus contributes to the disease, although in a yet unknown fashion. We here provide first insights into the involvement of the choroid plexus in the onset and severity of the disease and in particular address the role of the tight junction protein claudin-3 (CLDN3) in this process. Detailed analysis of human post-mortem brain tissue revealed a selective loss of CLDN3 at the choroid plexus in MS patients compared to control tissues. Importantly, mice that lack CLDN3 have an impaired BCSFB and experience a more rapid onset and exacerbated clinical signs of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, which coincides with enhanced levels of infiltrated leukocytes in their CSF. Together, this study highlights a profound role for the choroid plexus in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, and implies that CLDN3 may be regarded as a crucial and novel determinant of BCSFB integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs Kooij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
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Molenda N, Urbanova K, Weiser N, Kusche-Vihrog K, Günzel D, Schillers H. Paracellular transport through healthy and cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelial cell lines--do we have a proper model? PLoS One 2014; 9:e100621. [PMID: 24945658 PMCID: PMC4063962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported recently that the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) besides transcellular chloride transport, also controls the paracellular permeability of bronchial epithelium. The aim of this study was to test whether overexpressing wtCFTR solely regulates paracellular permeability of cell monolayers. To answer this question we used a CFBE41o- cell line transfected with wtCFTR or mutant F508del-CFTR and compered them with parental line and healthy 16HBE14o- cells. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and paracellular fluorescein flux were measured under control and CFTR-stimulating conditions. CFTR stimulation significant decreased TER in 16HBE14o- and also in CFBE41o- cells transfected with wtCFTR. In contrast, TER increased upon stimulation in CFBE41o- cells and CFBE41o- cells transfected with F508del-CFTR. Under non-stimulated conditions, all four cell lines had similar paracellular fluorescein flux. Stimulation increased only the paracellular permeability of the 16HBE14o- cell monolayers. We observed that 16HBE14o- cells were significantly smaller and showed a different structure of cell-cell contacts than CFBE41o- and its overexpressing clones. Consequently, 16HBE14o- cells have about 80% more cell-cell contacts through which electrical current and solutes can leak. Also tight junction protein composition is different in 'healthy' 16HBE14o- cells compared to 'cystic fibrosis' CFBE41o- cells. We found that claudin-3 expression was considerably stronger in 16HBE14o- cells than in the three CFBE41o- cell clones and thus independent of the presence of functional CFTR. Together, CFBE41o- cell line transfection with wtCFTR modifies transcellular conductance, but not the paracellular permeability. We conclude that CFTR overexpression is not sufficient to fully reconstitute transport in CF bronchial epithelium. Hence, it is not recommended to use those cell lines to study CFTR-dependent epithelial transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Molenda
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Nelly Weiser
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Dorothee Günzel
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hermann Schillers
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Li X, Wang Q, Xu H, Tao L, Lu J, Cai L, Wang C. Somatostatin regulates tight junction proteins expression in colitis mice. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014; 7:2153-2162. [PMID: 24966923 PMCID: PMC4069911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Tight junction plays a critical role in intestinal defence. The alteration and perturbation of tight junction proteins could induce intestine barrier damage, and lead to the malabsorption of electrolytes and water. Previous studies had showed that colonic infection and inflammation could lead to the alteration of tight junction function, and somatostatin could protect intestinal epithelia. Thus, this study could explore that whether somatostatin could regulate tight junction in colitis mice. Colitis mice with diarrhea were induced by Citrobacter rodentium (CR) and Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). In CR infected model, cladudin-1 and claudin-3 expression significantly decreased compared with the control mice (P<0.05); after octreotide treatment, claudin-1 and claudin-3 expression significantly increased compared with untreated CR infected mice (P<0.05). In DSS colitis model, occludin and claudin-3 expression significantly decreased compared with the control mice (P<0.05); and octreotide treatment could only significantly upregulate claudin-3 expression compared with untreated DSS colitis mice (P<0.05). To testify our results in vivo, we repeated the models in caco-2 cells by exposed with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (E. Coli) and Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). The results in vitro were consistent with in vivo study. The results suggested that somatostatin play a role in intestinal barrier protection by modulating tight junction proteins expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityGuoXue Street 37, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityGuoXue Street 37, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Xu
- University of Arizona Health Science CenterTucson, Arizona
| | - Liping Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityGuoXue Street 37, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityGuoXue Street 37, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityGuoXue Street 37, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityGuoXue Street 37, Chengdu, China
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Dong CX, Zhao W, Solomon C, Rowland KJ, Ackerley C, Robine S, Holzenberger M, Gonska T, Brubaker PL. The intestinal epithelial insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor links glucagon-like peptide-2 action to gut barrier function. Endocrinology 2014; 155:370-9. [PMID: 24265452 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is an intestinal growth-promoting hormone used to treat short bowel syndrome. GLP-2 promotes intestinal growth through a mechanism that involves both IGF-1 and the intestinal-epithelial IGF-1 receptor (IE-IGF-1R). GLP-2 also enhances intestinal barrier function, but through an unknown mechanism. We therefore hypothesized that GLP-2-enhanced barrier function requires the IE-IGF-1R and is mediated through alterations in expression and localization of tight junction proteins. Conditional IE-IGF-1R-null and control mice were treated with vehicle or degradation-resistant Gly(2)-GLP-2 for 10 days; some animals also received irinotecan to induce enteritis. Mice were then examined for gastrointestinal permeability to 4-kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran, jejunal resistance using Ussing chambers, tight junction structure by electron microscopy, and expression and localization of tight junction proteins by immunoblot and immunohistofluorescence, respectively. GLP-2 treatment decreased permeability to 4-kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran and increased jejunal resistance (P <.05-.01), effects that were lost in IE-IGF-1R-null mice. Electron microscopy did not reveal major structural changes in the tight junctions in any group of animals. However, the tight junctional proteins claudin-3 and -7 were upregulated by GLP-2 in control (P <.05-.01) but not null mice, whereas IE-IGF-1R deletion induced a shift in occludin localization from apical to intracellular domains; no changes were observed in expression or distribution of claudin-15 and zona occludins-1. Finally, in irinotecan-induced enteritis, GLP-2 normalized epithelial barrier function in control (P < .05) but not knockout animals. In conclusion, the effects of GLP-2 on intestinal barrier function are dependent on the IE-IGF-1R and involve modulation of key components of the tight junctional complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte X Dong
- Departments of Physiology (C.X.D., W.Z., C.S., K.J.R., P.L.B.), Pediatrics (T.G.), and Medicine (P.L.B.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8 Canada; Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine (C.A.), and Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Research Institute (T.G.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 1X8, Canada; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (S.R.), Institut Curie, Paris, 75248 France; and Inserm (M.H.), Hôpital St-Antoine, Paris, 75005 France
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Giacoppo S, Galuppo M, Iori R, De Nicola GR, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. The protective effects of bioactive (RS)-glucoraphanin on the permeability of the mice blood-brain barrier following experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2014; 18:194-204. [PMID: 24488908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alterations in blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability are due to the disruption of the Tight Junctions (TJs), large multiprotein complexes important for the maintenance of structural integrity and for permeability of the barrier. In this experimental study we evaluated the neuroprotective role of (RS)-glucoraphanin, a glucosinolate present in Brassicaceae, notably in Tuscan black kale, and bioactivated with myrosinase enzyme (bioactive RS-GRA) (10 mg/kg/d intraperitoneally), to prevent the dysfunction of BBB, in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of multiple sclerosis (MS). MATERIALS AND METHODS EAE was induced by immunization with myelin oligodendroglial glycoprotein peptide (MOG)35-55 in mice. By western blot analysis of brain tissues, we evaluated expression and distribution of the TJ-associated proteins, claudin-1, -3, -5 and ZO-1. Additionally, in order to gain a better insight into the mechanisms of action of bioactive RS-GRA, we investigated Foxp3, ERK1/2 and caspase 3 expression associated both to inflammatory response as well as to apoptotic pathway. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that treatment with bioactive RS-GRA counteracts the alteration of all these parameters and preserves TJ integrity through an antinflammatory and antiapoptotic activity during MS. CONCLUSIONS Bioactive RS-GRA, could be a therapeutic perspective helpful in preventing dysfunction of the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Giacoppo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Contrada Casazza, Messina, Italy.
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de Souza WF, Fortunato-Miranda N, Robbs BK, de Araujo WM, de-Freitas-Junior JC, Bastos LG, Viola JPB, Morgado-Díaz JA. Claudin-3 overexpression increases the malignant potential of colorectal cancer cells: roles of ERK1/2 and PI3K-Akt as modulators of EGFR signaling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74994. [PMID: 24069372 PMCID: PMC3777902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The altered expressions of claudin proteins have been reported during the tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate these events in this cancer type are poorly understood. Here, we report that epidermal growth factor (EGF) increases the expression of claudin-3 in human colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells. This increase was related to increased cell migration and the formation of anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent colonies. We further showed that the ERK1/2 and PI3K-Akt pathways were involved in the regulation of these effects because specific pharmacological inhibition blocked these events. Genetic manipulation of claudin-1 and claudin-3 in HT-29 cells showed that the overexpression of claudin-1 resulted in decreased cell migration; however, migration was not altered in cells that overexpressed claudin-3. Furthermore, the overexpression of claudin-3, but not that of claudin-1, increased the tight junction-related paracellular flux of macromolecules. Additionally, an increased formation of anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent colonies were observed in cells that overexpressed claudin-3, while no such changes were observed when claudin-1 was overexpressed. Finally, claudin-3 silencing alone despite induce increase proliferation, and the formation of anchoragedependent and -independent colonies, it was able to prevent the EGF-induced increased malignant potential. In conclusion, our results show a novel role for claudin-3 overexpression in promoting the malignant potential of colorectal cancer cells, which is potentially regulated by the EGF-activated ERK1/2 and PI3K-Akt pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldemir F. de Souza
- Grupo de Biologia Estrutural, Programa de Biologia Celular, Centro de Pesquisas, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Natalia Fortunato-Miranda
- Grupo de Biologia Estrutural, Programa de Biologia Celular, Centro de Pesquisas, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno K. Robbs
- Grupo de Regulação Gênica, Programa de Biologia Celular, Centro de Pesquisas, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wallace M. de Araujo
- Grupo de Biologia Estrutural, Programa de Biologia Celular, Centro de Pesquisas, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julio C. de-Freitas-Junior
- Grupo de Biologia Estrutural, Programa de Biologia Celular, Centro de Pesquisas, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lilian G. Bastos
- Grupo de Biologia Estrutural, Programa de Biologia Celular, Centro de Pesquisas, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João P. B. Viola
- Grupo de Regulação Gênica, Programa de Biologia Celular, Centro de Pesquisas, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José A. Morgado-Díaz
- Grupo de Biologia Estrutural, Programa de Biologia Celular, Centro de Pesquisas, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Peng S, Gan G, Qiu C, Zhong M, An H, Adelman RA, Rizzolo LJ. Engineering a blood-retinal barrier with human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium: transcriptome and functional analysis. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 2:534-44. [PMID: 23734062 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2012-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal degenerations are a major cause of impaired vision in the elderly. Degenerations originate in either photoreceptors or the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). RPE forms the outer blood-retinal barrier and functions intimately with photoreceptors. Animal models and cultures of RPE are commonly used to screen potential pharmaceuticals or explore RPE replacement therapy, but human RPE differs from that of other species. Human RPE forms a barrier using tight junctions composed of a unique set of claudins, proteins that determine the permeability and selectivity of tight junctions. Human adult RPE fails to replicate these properties in vitro. To develop a culture model for drug development and tissue-engineering human retina, RPE were derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Barrier properties of RPE derived from the H1 and H9 hESC lines were compared with a well-regarded model of RPE function, human fetal RPE isolated from 16-week-gestation fetuses (hfRPE). A serum-free medium (SFM-1) that enhanced the redifferentiation of hfRPE in culture also furthered the maturation of hESC-derived RPE. In SFM-1, the composition, selectivity, and permeability of tight junctions were similar to those of hfRPE. Comparison of the transcriptomes by RNA sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed a high correlation between the hESCs and hfRPE, but there were notable differences in the expression of adhesion junction and membrane transport genes. These data indicated that hESC-derived RPE is highly differentiated but may be less mature than RPE isolated from 16-week fetuses. The study identified a panel of genes to monitor the maturation of RPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaomin Peng
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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English DP, Santin AD. Claudins overexpression in ovarian cancer: potential targets for Clostridium Perfringens Enterotoxin (CPE) based diagnosis and therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:10412-37. [PMID: 23685873 PMCID: PMC3676847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140510412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Claudins are a family of tight junction proteins regulating paracellular permeability and cell polarity with different patterns of expression in benign and malignant human tissues. There are approximately 27 members of the claudin family identified to date with varying cell and tissue-specific expression. Claudins-3, -4 and -7 represent the most highly differentially expressed claudins in ovarian cancer. While their exact role in ovarian tumors is still being elucidated, these proteins are thought to be critical for ovarian cancer cell invasion/dissemination and resistance to chemotherapy. Claudin-3 and claudin-4 are the natural receptors for the Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE), a potent cytolytic toxin. These surface proteins may therefore represent attractive targets for the detection and treatment of chemotherapy-resistant ovarian cancer and other aggressive solid tumors overexpressing claudin-3 and -4 using CPE-based theranostic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana P. English
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Alessandro D. Santin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; E-Mail:
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Guillemot L, Spadaro D, Citi S. The junctional proteins cingulin and paracingulin modulate the expression of tight junction protein genes through GATA-4. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55873. [PMID: 23409073 PMCID: PMC3567034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytoplamic junctional proteins cingulin and paracingulin have been implicated in the regulation of gene expression in different cultured cell models. In renal epithelial MDCK cells, depletion of either protein results in a Rho-dependent increase in the expression of claudin-2. Here we examined MDCK cell clones depleted of both cingulin and paracingulin (double-KD cells), and we found that unexpectedly the expression of claudin-2, and also the expression of ZO-3 and claudin-3, were decreased, while RhoA activity was still higher than in control cells. The decreased expression of claudin-2 and other TJ proteins in double–KD cells correlated with reduced levels of the transcription factor GATA-4, and was rescued by overexpression of GATA-4, but not by inhibiting RhoA activity. These results indicate that in MDCK cells GATA-4 is required for the expression of claudin-2 and other TJ proteins, and that maintenance of GATA-4 expression requires either cingulin or paracingulin. These results and previous studies suggest a model whereby cingulin and paracingulin redundantly control the expression of specific TJ proteins through distinct GATA-4- and RhoA-dependent mechanisms, and that in the absence of sufficient levels of GATA-4 the RhoA-mediated upregulation of claudin-2 is inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Guillemot
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Domenica Spadaro
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Citi
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Vishnevskaia ON, Burdin DV, Gorshkov AN, Grefner NM, Markov AG. [Influence of protamine on expression of tight junction proteins in Caco-2]. Ross Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova 2013; 99:81-91. [PMID: 23659059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Action of polycation protein protamine on the expression of tight junction proteins (claudins-1, -2, -3 and occludin) which contribute to paracellular transport function was investigated on cellular models of tight (MDCK I cell line) and leaky (Caco-2 cell line) epithelium. The expression of claudins-1,-3 and occludin was observed in both cell lines by methods of immunocytochemistry. Influence of protamine (100 microg/ml; 30 min; apical) on fluorescence intensity of claudins-1, -3 was different in MDCK I and Caco-2 cells. Addition ofprotamine to the incubation medium of Caco-2 cells resulted in significant increase of claudin-3 expression by 45 % (p <0.01) in comparison with control, whereas claudin-1 and occludin expression did not alter. On the contrary, in MDCK I cells protamine induced the significant decrease ofclaudin-1 and -3 expression by 25 % (p <0.001) and 15 % (p < 0.01) respectively, whereas occludin expression did not alter. It was confirmed by the methods of confocal laser scanning microscopy that protamine alter the expression of claudins-1, -3 directly in the tight junctions. Our results suggest that charged chyme components may alter paracellular permeability of epithelium.
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Cuzić S, Bosnar M, Kramarić MD, Ferencić Z, Marković D, Glojnarić I, Eraković Haber V. Claudin-3 and Clara cell 10 kDa protein as early signals of cigarette smoke-induced epithelial injury along alveolar ducts. Toxicol Pathol 2012; 40:1169-87. [PMID: 22659244 DOI: 10.1177/0192623312448937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Smoking-associated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is characterized by inflammation, changes affecting small airways, and development of emphysema. Various short- and long-term models have been introduced to investigate these processes. The aim of the present study was to identify markers of early epithelial injury/adaptation in a short-term animal model of cigarette smoke exposure. Initially, male BALB/c mice were exposed to smoke from one to five cigarettes and lung changes were assessed 4 and 24 hr after smoking cessation. Subsequently, animals were exposed to smoke from five cigarettes for 2 consecutive days and lungs investigated daily until the seventh postexposure day. Lung homogenates cytokines were determined, bronchioloalveolar fluid cells were counted, and lung tissue was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Exposure to smoke from a single cigarette induced slight pulmonary neutrophilia. Smoke from two cigarettes additionally induced de novo expression of tight junction protein, claudin-3, by alveolar duct (AD) epithelial cells. Further increases in smoke exposure induced epithelial changes in airway progenitor regions. During the recovery period, the severity/frequency of epithelial reactions slowly decreased, coinciding with the switch from acute to a chronic inflammatory reaction. Claudin-3 and Clara cell 10 kDa protein were identified as possible markers of early tobacco smoke-induced epithelial injury along ADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snjezana Cuzić
- GlaxoSmithKline Research Centre Zagreb Limited, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Eiró N, González L, González LO, Fernandez-Garcia B, Lamelas ML, Marín L, González-Reyes S, del Casar JM, Vizoso FJ. Relationship between the inflammatory molecular profile of breast carcinomas and distant metastasis development. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49047. [PMID: 23145063 PMCID: PMC3493514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory conditions may promote tumor progression and aggressiveness. In previous reports, we found a group of breast cancer tumors characterized by metalloprotease-11 (MMP-11) expression by intratumoral mononuclear inflammatory cells (MICs), which was associated with distant metastasis development. Thus, in the present study we evaluated the relationship between MMP-11 expression by MICs, distant metastasis development, and a wide panel of inflammatory factors in breast carcinoma. In an initial approach, we analyzed 65 factors associated with tumor progression and inflammation, in a tumor population classified in good or bad prognosis, based on MMP-11 expression by intratumoral MICs. The most differentially expressed factors were then analyzed in a wider tumor population classified according to MMP-11 expression by MICs and also according to metastasis development. These analyses were carried out by Real-time PCR. The results showed that of the 65 starting factors analyzed, those related with MMP-11 expression by MICs were: IL-1, −5, −6, −8, −17, −18, MMP-1, TIMP-1, ADAM-8, −10, −15, −23, ADAMTS-1, −2, −15, Annexin A2, IFNβ, Claudin-3, CCL-3, MyD88, IRAK-4 and NFκB. Of them, factors more differentially expressed between both groups of tumors were IL-1, IL-5, IL-6, IL-17, IFNβ and NFκB. Thereafter, we confirmed in the wider tumor population, that there is a higher expression of those factors in tumors infiltrated by MMP-11 positive MICs. Altogether these results indicate that tumors developing worse prognosis and identified by MMP-11 expression by intratumoral MICs, shows an up-regulation of inflammatory-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Eiró
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Lucía González
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Luis O. González
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | | | - Maria Luz Lamelas
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
- Servicio de Ginecología, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Laura Marín
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | | | - José Manuel del Casar
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
- Servicio de Cirugía General, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Vizoso
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
- Servicio de Cirugía General, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Szász MA. [Claudins as prognostic factors of breast cancer]. Magy Onkol 2012; 56:209-212. [PMID: 23139925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Different expression of claudins and E-cadherin has been described in the pathogenesis and progression of breast cancer. Changes in the expression of these junctional molecules have also been described as being of prominent importance in other cancers as well. Thus, we aimed at exploring the potential prognostic relevance of these cell junctional molecules in breast carcinoma cases. Expression of claudin-1, -3, -4, -5, -7, -8, -10, -15, -18 and E-cadherin at mRNA level was evaluated in correlation with survival in publicly available datasets containing expression measurements of 1809 breast cancer patients. Breast cancer tissues of 636 patients were evaluated with tissue microarray technique and immunohistochemical method for claudin-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -7 and E-cadherin protein expression. In 96 cases lymph node metastases were also subjects of the study. Claudin expression bears prognostic information in itself. Based on bioinformatic data analysis, the meta-gene of claudin-3, -4, -7 and E-cadherin has proved the most powerful in predicting survival. An immunohistochemical protein profile consisting of claudin-2, -4 and E-cadherin was able to predict outcome in the most effective manner in the training set. Combining the overlapping members of the distinct methods resulted in the CC index (consisting of claudin-4 and E-cadherin, a.k.a. CURIO), which was able to accurately predict relapse-free survival in the validation cohort (p=0.029) in a more efficient way than its components. Cox regression analysis including clinicopathological variables and the average CC score showed that in univariate analysis most of them were prognostic but most of them lost independent prognostic value in multivariate analysis except for the CC index, the subtypes defined by immunoprofiling and vascular invasion. On the other hand, the CC index was able to further refine prognosis splitting good vs. poor prognosis patients into two clusters in these subgroups. Evaluation of lymph node metastases has shown that decreased expression of claudin-1 and elevated expression of claudin-4 can predict worse prognosis in breast cancers spreading to the regional lymph nodes. The defined claudin-cadherin index provides additional prognostic information besides the routinely utilized diagnostic approaches and factors. The level of expression of certain claudins can be of prognostic significance in regional lymph node metastases.
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Bai L, Yan HH, Zhang DX, Wang JM, Sun NX. [Effects of oxidative stress on barrier function of human retina pigment epithelium and its molecular mechanisms]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2012; 48:417-422. [PMID: 22932331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the barrier function and expression of tight junction protein in human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. METHODS Experimental study. The human RPE cell line (D407) were cultured and treated with (H2O2 treated group) or without H2O2 (normal control group). The effect of H2O2 on cell viability of RPE cells was determined by MTT test. After treated with low concentration of H2O2 for 24 h to 72 h, transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) of confluent RPE cells was measured by epithelial voltmeter. The permeability of RPE cells to sodium fluorescein was measured. The expressions of the occludin and claudin-1 to -4 were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis.t-text and one-way ANOVA were used to assess statistical significance between H2O2 treated and normal control groups. RESULTS H2O2 at 0.2 mmol/L showed no decrease of cell viability of D407 cells, and this concentration was selected for the present study. The TER of D407 cells gradually increased, peaking at day 8 and then remained stable for 1 week. As compared to the control group, a reduction in the TER was first evident after 3 hours of treatment. Continuous culturing of cells for longer periods further reduced the TER, with a maximum effect after 24 hours of treatment and was maintained to 72 hours (24 h: 11.86 ± 1.19 vs. 24.13 ± 1.26, t = 12.260, P = 0.000; 72 h: 11.56 ± 1.47 vs. 24.33 ± 1.52, t = 10.460, P = 0.000). At any time point after adding sodium fluorescein, the permeability values of cells after treated with H2O2 for 24 hours were significantly higher than those of cells without H2O2 treatment (20 min: 25% ± 3% vs. 12% ± 4%, t = -4.50, P = 0.011; 40 min: 36% ± 4% vs. 16% ± 5%, t = -5.41, P = 0.006; 60 min: 51% ± 5% vs. 29% ± 6%, t = -4.88, P = 0.008). The expression of mRNA and protein in claudin-1, -3, and -4 were all downregulated in D407 cells treated with H2O2, whereas the expression of claudin-2 was upregulated (claudin-1 mRNA: 0.98 ± 0.18 vs. 0.28 ± 0.12, t = 5.60, P = 0.005, claudin-1 protein, 48 ± 10 vs. 100 ± 12, t = 5.77, P = 0.004; claudin-3 mRNA: 0.37 ± 0.12 vs.1.03 ± 0.15, t = 5.95, P = 0.004; claudin-3 protein: 63 ± 13 vs. 100 ± 15, t = 3.23, P = 0.032; claudin-4 mRNA: 0.38 ± 0.11 vs.0.99 ± 0.17, t = 5.22, P = 0.002, claudin-4 protein, 57 ± 12 vs. 100 ± 13, t = 4.21, P = 0.014). However, the expression of these occluding did not differ between cells treated with and without H2O2 (mRNA:1.30 ± 0.21 vs. 1.02 ± 0.16, t = -1.84, P = 0.140; protein: 109 ± 15 vs. 100 ± 14, t = -0.76, P = 0.490). CONCLUSION Oxidative stress causes increase in the paracellular permeability of RPE cells in vitro, which may depends on the changes in expression of certain transmembrane proteins associated with the tight junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Bai
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
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