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Mazzon E, Delfino C, Mirelis S, Arévalo M, Rojas D, Lara L, Carcamo D, Jurado F, Rocha D, Venturelli PM, Mansilla E. Breaking Down Barriers: Easter Island's First Telestroke Thrombolysis Experience and Case Report. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2022; 31:106412. [PMID: 35354109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Easter Island (Rapa Nui), Chile, is remote, located in the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. The closest continental point is Chile, 3,512 km east. It has a population of 7,750 inhabitants, who are Chilean citizens, and receives more than 60,000 tourists a year. For this entire population, there is a medium complexity hospital without a neurology specialist. In 2019, local professionals were trained in a Telestroke program with remote clinical support conducted by neurologists located on mainland Chile. We present a 50-year-old native male, with unknown medical history, who suddenly presented right-half-body weakness and aphasia. He was evaluated via Telestroke consultation, and thrombolysis with tenecteplase was indicated. The patient improved rapidly and 45 min later the NIHSS score was 0 points. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of Telestroke treatment in such a remote area, highlighting the importance of telemedicine to overcome geographical and technological stroke care barriers and to improve patients' outcome, no matter where they live.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mazzon
- Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Sur, Unidad de TeleACV, Santiago De Chile, Chile; Clínica Alemana, Unidad de Tratamiento del Ataque Cerebrovascular (UTAC), Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago De Chile, Chile; Centro de Estudios Clínicos, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Chile.
| | - C Delfino
- Centro de Estudios Clínicos, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Chile
| | - S Mirelis
- Hospital San Martín de Quillota, Unidad de Emergencias, Quillota, Chile
| | - M Arévalo
- Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Sur, Unidad de TeleACV, Santiago De Chile, Chile
| | - D Rojas
- Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Sur, Unidad de TeleACV, Santiago De Chile, Chile
| | - L Lara
- Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Sur, Unidad de TeleACV, Santiago De Chile, Chile
| | - D Carcamo
- Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Sur, Unidad de TeleACV, Santiago De Chile, Chile; Clínica Alemana, Unidad de Tratamiento del Ataque Cerebrovascular (UTAC), Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago De Chile, Chile
| | - F Jurado
- Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Sur, Unidad de TeleACV, Santiago De Chile, Chile; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - D Rocha
- Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Sur, Unidad de TeleACV, Santiago De Chile, Chile
| | - P Muñoz Venturelli
- Clínica Alemana, Unidad de Tratamiento del Ataque Cerebrovascular (UTAC), Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago De Chile, Chile; Centro de Estudios Clínicos, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Chile; The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - E Mansilla
- Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Sur, Unidad de TeleACV, Santiago De Chile, Chile; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile
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Mazzon E, Rocha D, Brunser AM, De la Barra C, Stecher X, Bernstein T, Zúñiga P, Díaz V, Martínez G, Muñoz Venturelli P. Cervical Artery Dissections with and without stroke, risk factors and prognosis: a Chilean prospective cohort. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 29:104992. [PMID: 32689597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.104992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to characterize spontaneous cervical artery dissection (CeAD) patients with and without stroke and describe risk factors for cerebrovascular complications in a Chilean prospective cohort. METHODS Consecutive CeAD patients admitted to a Chilean center confirmed by neuroimaging. Logistic regression was used. RESULTS 168 patients were included, median follow-up time was 157 days. Stroke occurred in 49 (29.2%) cases, 4 (2%) patients died, all of whom had a stroke, and 10 (6%) presented CeAD recurrence. In univariate analyses, men (odds ratio [OR] 3.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.97-8.00, P < 0.001), internal carotid artery CeAD (OR 2.82, 95% CI 1.38-5.78, P = 0.005) and vessel occlusion (OR 4.45, 95% CI 1.38-14.38, P = 0.035) increased stroke risk. Conversely, vertebral artery dissection (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.16-0.74, P = 0.006) and longer symptom onset to admission (O-A) time (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.70-0.90, P < 0.001) were associated to decreased stroke risk. After multivariate analysis, men (OR 2.88, 95% CI 1.32-6.27, P = 0.008) and O-A time (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.69-0.92, P = 0.002) remained independently associated with stroke. CONCLUSION CeAD presented commonly as a non-stroke entity, with favorable prognosis. Albeit to a higher frequency of CeAD in women, stroke occurred predominantly in men, who were admitted earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mazzon
- Servicio de Neurología, Departmento de Neurología y Psiquiatría, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - D Rocha
- Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - A M Brunser
- Servicio de Neurología, Departmento de Neurología y Psiquiatría, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - C De la Barra
- Departmento de Imagenología, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - X Stecher
- Departmento de Imagenología, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - T Bernstein
- Departmento de Imagenología, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - P Zúñiga
- Departmento de Imagenología, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - V Díaz
- Servicio de Neurología, Departmento de Neurología y Psiquiatría, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - G Martínez
- División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - P Muñoz Venturelli
- Servicio de Neurología, Departmento de Neurología y Psiquiatría, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Estudios Clínicos, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile; The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Mondello
- Department of Internal Medicine Messina, Italy
| | - M. Buemi
- Department of Internal Medicine Messina, Italy
| | - E. Mazzon
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology Messina, Italy
- University of Messina Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo” Messina, Italy
| | - C. Aloisi
- Department of Internal Medicine Messina, Italy
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Gugliandolo A, Caraffa AL, Gallenga CE, Kritas SK, Ronconi G, Trubiani O, Conti P, Di Emidio P, Mazzon E. Mesenchymal stem cells and IL-37: a powerful combination. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2019; 33:1019-1022. [PMID: 31347346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are able to exert immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory actions. Thanks to these properties, MSCs may be a promising alternative approach for the treatment of inflammatory disease. Important cytokines involved in inflammation are those included in the IL-1 family. Interleukin-37 (IL-37) is one of the member able to suppress both innate and adaptive immunity. Recently, it was found that MSCs and their derivatives can modulate IL-37, and MSCs expressing IL-37 seem to have an enhanced therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gugliandolo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo", Messina, Italy
| | - A L Caraffa
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - C E Gallenga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Specialist Surgery, Section of Ophthalmology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - S K Kritas
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - G Ronconi
- Clinica dei Pazienti del Territorio, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - O Trubiani
- Department of Oral and Biotechnology Medical Science, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - P Conti
- Postgraduate Medical School, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - P Di Emidio
- Maxillofacial Surgery "G. Mazzini" Hospital, Teramo, Italy
| | - E Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo", Messina, Italy
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Gennari O, Marchesano V, Rega R, Mecozzi L, Nazzaro F, Fratianni F, Coppola R, Masucci L, Mazzon E, Bramanti A, Ferraro P, Grilli S. Pyroelectric Effect Enables Simple and Rapid Evaluation of Biofilm Formation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:15467-15476. [PMID: 29676891 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are detrimental to human life and industrial processes due to potential infections, contaminations, and deterioration. Therefore, the evaluation of microbial capability to form biofilms is of fundamental importance for assessing how different environmental factors may affect their vitality. Nowadays, the approaches used for biofilm evaluation are still poor in reliability and rapidity and often provide contradictory results. Here, we present what we call biofilm electrostatic test (BET) as a simple, rapid, and highly reproducible tool for evaluating in vitro the ability of bacteria to form biofilms through electrostatic interaction with a pyroelectrified carrier. The results show how the BET is able to produce viable biofilms with a density 6-fold higher than that on the control, after just 2 h incubation. The BET could pave the way to a rapid standardization of the evaluation of bacterial resistance among biofilm-producing microorganisms. In fact, due to its simplicity and cost-effectiveness, it is well suited for a rapid and easy implementation in a microbiology laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Gennari
- Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems , National Research Council (CNR-ISASI) , Via Campi Flegrei 34 , 80078 Pozzuoli (NA) , Italy
| | - V Marchesano
- Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems , National Research Council (CNR-ISASI) , Via Campi Flegrei 34 , 80078 Pozzuoli (NA) , Italy
| | - R Rega
- Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems , National Research Council (CNR-ISASI) , Via Campi Flegrei 34 , 80078 Pozzuoli (NA) , Italy
| | - L Mecozzi
- Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems , National Research Council (CNR-ISASI) , Via Campi Flegrei 34 , 80078 Pozzuoli (NA) , Italy
| | - F Nazzaro
- Institute of Food Sciences , National Research Council (CNR-ISA) , Via Roma 64 , 83100 Avellino , Italy
| | - F Fratianni
- Institute of Food Sciences , National Research Council (CNR-ISA) , Via Roma 64 , 83100 Avellino , Italy
| | - R Coppola
- DIAA-University of Molise , Via de Sanctis, snc , 86100 Campobasso , Italy
| | - L Masucci
- Institute of Microbiology , Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, "A. Gemelli" Foundation , Largo A. Gemelli 8 , 00168 Rome , Italy
| | - E Mazzon
- IRCCS Centre for Neuroscience Bonino-Pulejo , Strada Statale 113 , 98124 Messina , Italy
| | - A Bramanti
- Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems , National Research Council (CNR-ISASI) , Via Campi Flegrei 34 , 80078 Pozzuoli (NA) , Italy
- IRCCS Centre for Neuroscience Bonino-Pulejo , Strada Statale 113 , 98124 Messina , Italy
| | - P Ferraro
- Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems , National Research Council (CNR-ISASI) , Via Campi Flegrei 34 , 80078 Pozzuoli (NA) , Italy
| | - S Grilli
- Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems , National Research Council (CNR-ISASI) , Via Campi Flegrei 34 , 80078 Pozzuoli (NA) , Italy
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Di Paola R, Marzocco S, Mazzon E, Dattola F, Rotondo F, Britti D, De Majo M, Genovese T, Cuzzocrea S. Effect of Aminoguanidine in Ligature-induced Periodontitis in Rats. J Dent Res 2016; 83:343-8. [PMID: 15044511 DOI: 10.1177/154405910408300414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species is well-demonstrated in inflammation. In this study, we evaluated the effect of aminoguanidine, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, in a rat model of periodontitis. We induced periodontitis in rats by placing a piece of 2/0 braided silk around the lower left 1st molar. At day 8, the gingivomucosal tissue encircling the mandibular 1st molar was removed for biochemical and histological analysis. Ligation significantly increased inducible nitric oxide synthase activity and expression, and damaged tissue revealed increased neutrophil infiltration, lipid peroxidation, and positive staining for nitrotyrosine formation and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase activation. Ligation significantly increased Evans blue extravasation in gingivomucosal tissue and alveolar bone destruction. Aminoguanidine (100 mg/kg i.p., daily for 8 days) treatment significantly reduced all these inflammatory parameters, indicating that it protects against the tissue damage associated with periodontitis by reducing nitric oxide production and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Di Paola
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario, Via C. Valeria, Gazzi, 98100 Messina, Italy
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Gugliandolo A, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in Parkinson's disease animal models. Curr Res Transl Med 2016; 65:51-60. [PMID: 28466824 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, and as a consequence, by decreased dopamine levels in the striatum. Currently available therapies are not able to stop or reverse the progression of the disease. A novel therapeutic approach is based on cell therapy with stem cells, in order to replace degenerated neurons. Among stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells seemed the most promising thanks to their capacities to differentiate toward dopaminergic neurons and to release neurotrophic factors. Indeed, mesenchymal stem cells are able to produce different molecules with immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, angiogenic, chemotactic effects and that stimulate differentiation of resident stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated for the first time from bone marrow, but can be collected also from adipose tissue, umbilical cord and other tissues. In this review, we focused our attention on mesenchymal stem cells derived from different sources and their application in Parkinson's disease animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gugliandolo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - P Bramanti
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - E Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
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Diomede F, Merciaro I, Martinotti S, Cavalcanti MFXB, Caputi S, Mazzon E, Trubiani O. miR-2861 is involved in osteogenic commitment of human periodontal ligament stem cells grown onto 3D scaffold. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2016; 30:1009-1018. [PMID: 28078846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
miR-2861 endorsing osteoblast differentiation through the overexpression of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) protein has been recently described. In this study we evaluated: the performance of living construct, composed by human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells (hPDLSCs) and 3D scaffold (EXg), and the behaviour of miR-2861/RUNX2 expression pathway on the osteogenic commitment. Human PDLSCs were seeded with and without EXg scaffold and cultured under basal and osteogenic conditions. Morphological features, adhesiveness and differentiation abilities were analysed using scanning electron and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Time-course of RUNX2, ALP, OPN and miR-2861 were evaluated through RT-PCR analysis. Our results highlighted that the osteogenic differentiation was mostly obvious in the hPDLSCs, grown onto 3D scaffold in presence of osteoinductive medium. Moreover, the overexpression of miR-2861 and RUNX2 in hPDLSCs cultured in presence of EXg under osteogenic and standard conditions was demonstrated. In synthesis, the increased expression of miR-2861/RUNX2 provides new insights regarding miRNA signaling network in the presence of scaffold providing an additional method to evaluate the performance of biomaterial in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Diomede
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - I Merciaro
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - S Martinotti
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio”; Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - M F X B Cavalcanti
- UMR 7365 CNRS-UL IMoPA et FR UL-CNRS-INSERM, Faculté de Médecine, Lorraine University Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences; University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - S Caputi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences; University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - E Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Messina, Italy
| | - O Trubiani
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Giacoppo S, Soundara Rajan T, Galuppo M, Pollastro F, Grassi G, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. Purified Cannabidiol, the main non-psychotropic component of Cannabis sativa, alone, counteracts neuronal apoptosis in experimental multiple sclerosis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2015; 19:4906-4919. [PMID: 26744883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a global concern disease leading to a progressive, chronic and demyelinating condition, affecting the central nervous system (CNS). The pathology has an inflammatory/autoimmune origin; nevertheless, neuronal cell death mechanisms are not to be underestimated. The present study was designed to test the effects of intraperitoneal administration of cannabidiol (CBD), the main non-psychotropic cannabinoid of Cannabis sativa (CS), in an experimental model of MS. The aim is to evaluate the capability of CBD administration to thwart the cascade of mediators involved in MS-induced apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced by immunization with myelin oligodendroglial glycoprotein (MOG)35-55 peptide in mice. After immunization, mice were observed daily for signs of EAE and weight loss. Disease signs were evaluated using a standardized scoring system. RESULTS Immunohistochemical and Western blot assessments of key apoptotic markers reveal that CBD treatment is able to avoid Fas pathway activation, phospho-ERK p42/44 and cleaved caspase-3 triggering as well as alterations in mitochondrial permeability due to Bax/Bcl-2 unbalance. Moreover, CBD interferes with p53-p21 axis activation. As results, the absence of tissue apobody formation in spinal cord tissues of EAE-mice treated with CBD was established. Most of therapeutic properties of CS are currently ascribed to the psychotropic effects of phenylterpenoid delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated that, alone, purified CBD possesses an anti-apoptotic power against the neurodegenerative processes underlying MS development. This represents an interesting new profile of CBD that could lead to its introduction in the clinical management of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Giacoppo
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, IRCCS Centre Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Messina, Italy.
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Galuppo M, Mazzon E, Giacoppo S, Bereshchenko O, Bruscoli S, Riccardi C, Bramanti P. Is β-catenin neutralization cross-involved in the mechanisms mediated by natalizumab action? Curr Mol Med 2015; 15:990-3. [DOI: 10.2174/1566524016666151123114825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Galuppo M, Giacoppo S, Iori R, De Nicola GR, Milardi D, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. 4(α-L-RHAMNOSYLOXY)-BENZYL ISOTHIOCYANATE, A BIOACTIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL THAT DEFENDS CEREBRAL TISSUE AND PREVENTS SEVERE DAMAGE INDUCED BY FOCAL ISCHEMIA/REPERFUSION. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2015; 29:343-356. [PMID: 26122222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Natural compounds are a promising source to treat several pathologies. The present study shows the in vivo pharmacological beneficial effect of 4(α-L-rhamnosyloxy)-benzyl isothiocyanate (glucomoringin isothiocyanate; GMG-ITC) obtained from glucomoringin (GMG; 4(α;-L-rhamnosyloxy)- benzyl glucosinolate), purified from Moringa oleifera seeds and hydrolyzed by myrosinase enzyme (β-thioglucoside glucohydrolase; E.C. 3.2.1.147). Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CIR) was induced in rats according to a classic model of carotid artery occlusion for a time period of 1 h and the reperfusion time was prolonged for seven days. GMG-ITC (3.5 mg GMG/ml plus 30 μl enzyme/rat; one ml i.p./rat) was administered 15 min after the beginning of ischemia and daily. The results clearly show that GMG-ITC possesses the capability to counteract the CIR-induced damage reducing TNF-alpha release, IκB-alpha cytosolic degradation/NFκBp65 nuclear translocation, as well as several other direct or indirect markers of inflammation (phospho-ERK p42/44, p-selectin) and oxidative stress (inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS), MMP-9). GMG-ITC was shown to exert neuroprotective properties in preventing CIR-induced damage and the related cascade of inflammatory and oxidative mediators that exacerbate the progression of this disease in an experimental rat model. Our results clearly show that the tested phytochemical GMG-ITC possesses the capability to counteract CIR-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Galuppo
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina, Italy
| | - S Giacoppo
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina, Italy
| | - R Iori
- Council for Agricultural Research and Analysis of Agricultural Economy, Research Centre for Industrial Cultivation (CRA-CIN), Bologna, Italy
| | - G R De Nicola
- Council for Agricultural Research and Analysis of Agricultural Economy, Research Centre for Industrial Cultivation (CRA-CIN), Bologna, Italy
| | - D Milardi
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina, Italy
| | - P Bramanti
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina, Italy
| | - E Mazzon
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina, Italy
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Mazzon E, Guarneri C, Giacoppo S, Rifici C, Tchernev G, Polimeni G, Wollina U. Severe septal panniculitis in a multiple sclerosis patient treated with interferon-beta. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2015; 27:669-74. [PMID: 25572749 DOI: 10.1177/039463201402700425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a memorable case of severe septal panniculitis in an MS patient following the subcutaneous administration of interferon beta-1b, manifesting as a painful, indurated, erythematous lesion of the thigh, which appeared at the injection site.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mazzon
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina, Italy
| | - C Guarneri
- Department of Clinical Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - S Giacoppo
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina, Italy
| | - C Rifici
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina, Italy
| | - G Tchernev
- Policlinic for Dermatology and Venerology, Saint KlimentOhridski University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - G Polimeni
- Department of Clinical Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - U Wollina
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Giacoppo S, Galuppo M, Iori R, De Nicola GR, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. The protective effects of bioactive (RS)-glucoraphanin on the permeability of the mice blood-brain barrier following experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2014; 18:194-204. [PMID: 24488908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alterations in blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability are due to the disruption of the Tight Junctions (TJs), large multiprotein complexes important for the maintenance of structural integrity and for permeability of the barrier. In this experimental study we evaluated the neuroprotective role of (RS)-glucoraphanin, a glucosinolate present in Brassicaceae, notably in Tuscan black kale, and bioactivated with myrosinase enzyme (bioactive RS-GRA) (10 mg/kg/d intraperitoneally), to prevent the dysfunction of BBB, in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of multiple sclerosis (MS). MATERIALS AND METHODS EAE was induced by immunization with myelin oligodendroglial glycoprotein peptide (MOG)35-55 in mice. By western blot analysis of brain tissues, we evaluated expression and distribution of the TJ-associated proteins, claudin-1, -3, -5 and ZO-1. Additionally, in order to gain a better insight into the mechanisms of action of bioactive RS-GRA, we investigated Foxp3, ERK1/2 and caspase 3 expression associated both to inflammatory response as well as to apoptotic pathway. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that treatment with bioactive RS-GRA counteracts the alteration of all these parameters and preserves TJ integrity through an antinflammatory and antiapoptotic activity during MS. CONCLUSIONS Bioactive RS-GRA, could be a therapeutic perspective helpful in preventing dysfunction of the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Giacoppo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Contrada Casazza, Messina, Italy.
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Impellizzeri D, Mazzon E, Di Paola R, Galuppo M, Bramanti P, Zhang J, Bobb K, Monie D, Meshulam J, Sliskovic D, Cuzzocrea S. PBS-1086, a Rel Inhibitor of NF-κB, Ameliorates Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Mice. EUR J INFLAMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x1201000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The family of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) transcription factors is intimately involved in the regulation of expression of numerous genes in the setting of the inflammatory response. Inflammation, cartilage degradation, cell proliferation, angiogenesis and pannus formation are hallmarks of the pathogenesis of both collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rodents and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in humans. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of PBS-1086, a ReI inhibitor of NF-κB, on the modulation of the inflammatory response in mice subjected to CIA in comparison to the effect of etanercept. CIA was induced in mice by an intradermal injection of bovine type II collagen (CII) emulsion and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) at the base of the tail. On day 21, a second injection of CII in CFA was administered. Mice developed erosive hind paw arthritis when immunised with CII in CFA. Macroscopic clinical evidence of CIA first appeared as peri-articular erythema and oedema in the hind paws. The incidence of CIA was 100% by day 28 in the CII challenged mice and the severity of CIA progressed over a 35-day period with a resorption of bone. The histopathology of CIA included erosion of the cartilage at the joint. Treatment with PBS-1086 starting at the onset of arthritis (day 21) ameliorated the clinical signs at days 21–35 and improved histological status in the joint and paw. In addition, it also reduced the neutrophil infiltration which is a key mediator of RA. In this study, we demonstrate that PBS-1086 exerts an anti-inflammatory effect during chronic inflammation and ameliorates the tissue damage associated with CIA. The anti-inflammatory activities of PBS-1086 are comparable to those of etanercept treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Impellizzeri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - E. Mazzon
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Messina, Italy
| | - R. Di Paola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - M. Galuppo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - P. Bramanti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - J. Zhang
- Profectus BioSciences, Inc., Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - K. Bobb
- Profectus BioSciences, Inc., Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - D. Monie
- Profectus BioSciences, Inc., Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J. Meshulam
- Profectus BioSciences, Inc., Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - S. Cuzzocrea
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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15
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Mandalari G, Genovese T, Bisignano C, Mazzon E, Wickham MSJ, Di Paola R, Bisignano G, Cuzzocrea S. Neuroprotective effects of almond skins in experimental spinal cord injury. Clin Nutr 2011; 30:221-33. [PMID: 20864228 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2010.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Revised: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 08/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Functional deficits following spinal cord injury (SCI) arise from both mechanical injury and from secondary tissue reactions involving inflammation. Natural almond skins (NS) were tested to evaluate anti-inflammatory effects on an animal model of SCI. METHODS SCI was induced by the application of vascular clips to the dura via a four-level T5-T8 laminectomy. In the present study, to elucidate whether the protective effects of NS are related to the total phenolic content, we also investigated the effect of a blanched (BS) almond skins (industrially obtained by removing bran from the nut) in SCI. NS and BS (30 mg/kg respectively) were administered per os, 1 h and 6 h, after SCI. RESULTS SCI in mice resulted in severe injury characterized by edema, tissue damage, production of inflammatory mediators and apoptosis (measured by Bax, Bcl-2 and Tunel assay). NS treatment, 1 and 6 h after SCI, reduced all parameters of inflammation as neutrophil infiltration, NF-κB activation, PAR formation, iNOS expression and apoptosis. However, treatment with BS did not exert any protective effect. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that NS treatment, reducing the development of inflammation and tissue injury, may be useful in the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mandalari
- Pharmaco-Biological Department, University of Messina, Vill. SS: Annunziata 98168, Messina, Italy
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16
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Galuppo M, Nocentini G, Mazzon E, Ronchetti S, Esposito E, Riccardi L, Sportoletti P, Di Paola R, Bruscoli S, Riccardi C, Cuzzocrea S. The glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor family-related protein (GITR) is critical to the development of acute pancreatitis in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 162:1186-201. [PMID: 21091650 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01123.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pancreatitis represents a life-threatening inflammatory condition where leucocytes, cytokines and vascular endothelium contribute to the development of the inflammatory disease. The glucocorticoid-induced tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family-related protein (GITR) is a costimulatory molecule for T lymphocytes, modulates innate and adaptive immune system and has been found to participate in a variety of immune responses and inflammatory processes. Our purpose was to verify whether inhibition of GITR triggering results in a better outcome in experimental pancreatitis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In male GITR knock-out (GITR(-/-)) and GITR(+/+) mice on Sv129 background, acute pancreatitis was induced after i.p. administration of cerulein. Other experimental groups of GITR(+/+) mice were also treated with different doses of Fc-GITR fusion protein (up to 6.25 µg·mouse⁻¹), given by implanted mini-osmotic pump. Clinical score and pro-inflammatory parameters were evaluated. KEY RESULTS A less acute pancreatitis was found in GITR(-/-) mice than in GITR(+/+) mice, with marked differences in oedema, neutrophil infiltration, pancreatic dysfunction and injury. Co-treatment of GITR(+/+) mice with cerulein and Fc-GITR fusion protein (6.25 µg·mouse⁻¹) decreased the inflammatory response and tissue injury, compared with treatment with cerulein alone. Inhibition of GITR triggering was found to modulate activation of nuclear factor κB as well as the production of TNF-α, interleukin-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitrotyrosine, poly-ADP-ribose, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and P-selectin. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The GITR-GITR ligand system is crucial to the development of acute pancreatitis in mice. Our results also suggest that the Fc-GITR fusion protein could be useful in the treatment of acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Galuppo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Di Paola R, Mazzon E, Paterniti I, Impellizzeri D, Bramanti P, Cuzzocrea S. Apocynin, a Plant-Derived Drug, Might Be Useful in the Treatment of Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Rat Hearts. EUR J INFLAMM 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x1100900210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Apocynin is a potent and selective inhibitor of the NADPH oxidase-dependent production of ROS by stimulated human PMNs. Apocynin was isolated by activity-guided isolation from Picrorhiza kurroa, and in the years following its discovery it has been used in many laboratories around the world. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by activated polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) plays an important role in many cardiovascular disease states, including myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. The purpose of this study is to examine the beneficial effects of apocynin on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. Myocardial I/R injury was caused by clamping the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery for 20 min followed by release of the clamp allowing reperfusion for 1 h. Administration of apocynin i.p. (5mg/kg i.p. 10%DMSO) 15 min after ischemia significantly reduced the: 1) histological evidence of myocardial injury; 2) pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β); 3) adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, P-Selectin); 4) nitrotyrosine formation; 5) NF-kB expression; 6) PAR formation; and 7) apoptosis (Bax, Bcl-2, Fas-L and tunel). Based on these findings we propose that apocynin would be useful in the treatment of various ischemia and reperfusion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Di Paola
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Messina
| | - E. Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Messina
| | - I. Paterniti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
| | - D. Impellizzeri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
| | - P. Bramanti
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Messina
| | - S. Cuzzocrea
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
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Galuppo M, Di Paola R, Mazzon E, Esposito E, Paterniti I, Kapoor A, Thiemermann C, Cuzzocrea S. GW0742, a high affinity PPAR-β/δ agonist reduces lung inflammation induced by bleomycin instillation in mice. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2011; 23:1033-46. [PMID: 21244753 DOI: 10.1177/039463201002300408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor β/δ belongs to a family of ligand-activated transcription factors. Recent data have clarified its metabolic roles and enhanced the potential role of this receptor as a pharmacological target. Moreover, although its role in acute inflammation remains unclear, being the nuclear receptor PPAR β/δ widely expressed in many tissues, including the vascular endothelium, we assume that the infiltration of PMNs into tissues, a prominent feature in inflammation, may also be related to PPAR β/δ. Mice subjected to intratracheal instillation of bleomycin (BLEO, 1 mg/kg), a glycopeptide produced by the bacterium Streptomyces verticillus, develop lung inflammation and injury characterized by a significant neutrophil infiltration and tissue oedema. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of GW0742, a synthetic high affinity PPAR β/δ agonist, and its possible role in preventing the advance of inflammatory and apoptotic processes induced by bleomycin, that long-term leads to the appearance of pulmonary fibrosis. Our data showed that GW0742-treatment (0.3 mg/Kg, 10 percent DMSO, i.p.) has therapeutic effects on pulmonary damage, decreasing many inflammatory and apoptotic parameters detected by measurement of: 1) cytokine production; 2) leukocyte accumulation, indirectly measured as decrease of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity; 3) IkBα degradation and NF-kB nuclear translocation; 4) ERK phosphorylation; 5) stress oxidative by NO formation due to iNOS expression; 6) nitrotyrosine and PAR localization; 7) the degree of apoptosis, evaluated by Bax and Bcl-2 balance, FAS ligand expression and TUNEL staining. Taken together, our results clearly show that GW0742 reduces the lung injury and inflammation due to the intratracheal BLEO--instillation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Galuppo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
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19
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Di Paola R, Mazzon E, Galuppo M, Esposito E, Bramanti P, Fink MP, Cuzzocrea S. Ethyl pyruvate therapy attenuates experimental severe arthritis caused by type II collagen (CII) in the mouse (CIA). Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2011; 23:1087-98. [PMID: 21244758 DOI: 10.1177/039463201002300413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that ethyl pyruvate (EP), a simple aliphatic ester with anti-inflammatory effects, can reduce type II collagen-induced mouse arthritis (CIA). DBA/1J mice were used for the study, developing erosive hind paw arthritis when immunized with CII in an emulsion in complete Freund?s adjuvant (CFA). The incidence of CIA was 100 percent by day 28 in the CII-challenged mice, and the severity of CIA progressed over a 35-day period with radiographic evaluation revealing focal resorption of bone. The histopathology of CIA included erosion of the cartilage at the joint margins. EP-treatment (40 mg/kg/day i.p.) starting at the onset of arthritis (day 25) ameliorated the clinical signs at days 26-35 and improved histological status in the joint and paw. Immunohistochemical analysis for nitrotyrosine, poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) revealed a positive staining in inflamed joints from mice subjected to CIA, while no staining was observed for HO-1 and Nrf-2 in the same group. The degree of staining for nitrotyrosine, PAR, iNOS, was significantly reduced in CII-challenged mice treated with the EP. Immuno-positive-staining for HO-1 and Nrf-2 was observed instead, in joints obtained from the EP-treated group. Plasma levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and the joint tissue levels of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α and MIP-2 were also significantly reduced by EP treatment. Thirty-five days after immunization, EP-treatment significantly increased plasma levels of IL-10. These data demonstrate that EP treatment exerts an anti-inflammatory effect during chronic inflammation and is able to ameliorate the tissue damage associated with CIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Di Paola
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina, Italy
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20
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Di Paola R, Crisafulli C, Mazzon E, Genovese T, Paterniti I, Bramanti P, Cuzzocrea S. Effect of PD98059, a selective MAPK3/MAPK1 inhibitor, on acute lung injury in mice. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2010; 22:937-50. [PMID: 20074457 DOI: 10.1177/039463200902200409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to evaluate the contribution of mitogen-activated protein kinase 1-3 MAPK3/MAPK1) in a model of acute lung inflammation in mice. Injection of carrageenan into the pleural cavity of mice elicited an acute inflammatory response characterized by: accumulation of fluid containing a large number of neutrophils (PMNs) in the pleural cavity, infiltration of PMNs in lung tissues and subsequent adhesion molecule expression (I-CAM and P-selectin), lipid peroxidation, and increased production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). Furthermore, carrageenan induced lung apoptosis (Bax and Bcl-2 expression) as well as nitrotyrosine formation, NF-kB activation, and pJNK expression, as determined by immunohistochemical analysis of lung tissues and the degree of lung inflammation and tissue injury (histological score). Administration of PD98059, an inhibitor of MAPK3/MAPK1 (10 mg/kg) 1 h after carrageenan caused a reduction in all the parameters of inflammation measured. Thus, based on these findings we propose that inhibitors of the MAPK3/MAPK1 signaling pathways, such as PD98059, may be useful in the treatment of various inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Di Paola
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina, Italy
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21
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Genovese T, Melani A, Esposito E, Paterniti I, Mazzon E, Di Paola R, Bramanti P, Linden J, Pedata F, Cuzzocrea S. Selective adenosine A(2a) receptor agonists reduce the apoptosis in an experimental model of spinal cord trauma. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2010; 24:73-86. [PMID: 20385073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine is an important regulator of inflammatory mechanisms. Functional studies indicate a protective effect of adenosine A2A receptor agonists in spinal cord injury (SCI). The basic molecular mechanisms accounting for their protective effects from spinal cord injury have to be fully elucidated. The aim of this study is to evaluate in vivo protection by two selective A2A receptor agonists, 2-[p-(2-carboxyethyl)phenylethylamino]-50-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (CGS 21680, 100 microg/kg) and (4-[3-(6-amino-9-(5-cyclopropylcarbamoyl-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-9H-purin-2-yl)prop-2-ynyl] piperidine-1-carboxylic acid methyl ester) (ATL 313, 3 microg/kg) on the degree of apoptosis, in the experimental model of spinal cord injury. Spinal cord trauma was induced by the application of vascular clips (force of 24 g) to the dura via a four-level T5-T8 laminectomy. Spinal cord trauma in mice was characterised by edema, neutrophilic infiltration and apoptosis. ATL 313, administered by subcutaneously implanted osmotic minipumps after SCI, clearly reduced motor deficit for up to 19 days after operation. The selective A2A receptor agonists ATL 313 and CGS 21680 administered after SCI, reduced tissue damage, TUNEL staining, cytokine (TNF-alpha) expression, Bax, Fas-L and Caspase-3 expression, Annexin-V staining, while increasing Bcl-2 expression. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that treatment with adenosine A2A receptor agonists prevents the apoptotic process that is an important step of secondary damage after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Genovese
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina, Italy
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22
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Milsom AB, Patel NSA, Mazzon E, Tripatara P, Storey A, Mota-Filipe H, Sepodes B, Webb AJ, Cuzzocrea S, Hobbs AJ, Thiemermann C, Ahluwalia A. Role for endothelial nitric oxide synthase in nitrite-induced protection against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Nitric Oxide 2009; 22:141-8. [PMID: 19892029 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2009.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2009] [Revised: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite is protective against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI); an effect due to its reduction to nitric oxide (NO). In addition to other reductase pathways, endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) may also facilitate nitrite reduction in ischemic environments. We investigated the role of eNOS in sodium nitrite (60 microM, 10 ml/kg applied topically 1 min before reperfusion)-induced protection against renal IRI in C57/BL6 wild-type (WT) and eNOS knockout (eNOS KO) mice subjected to bilateral renal ischemia (30 min) and reperfusion (24h). Markers of renal dysfunction (plasma [creatinine] and [urea]), damage (tubular histology) and inflammation (cell recruitment) were elevated following IRI in WT mice; effects significantly reduced following nitrite treatment. Chemiluminescence analysis of cortical and medullary sections of the kidney demonstrated rapid (within 1 min) distribution of nitrite following application. Whilst IRI caused a significant (albeit substantially reduced compared to WT mice) elevation of markers of renal dysfunction and damage in eNOS KO mice, the beneficial effects of nitrite were absent or reduced, respectively. Moreover, nitrite treatment enhanced renal dysfunction in the form of increased plasma [creatinine] in eNOS KO mice. Confirmation of nitrite reductase activity of eNOS was provided by demonstration of nitrite (100 microM)-derived NO production by kidney homogenates of WT mice, that was significantly reduced by L-NMMA. L-NMMA was without effect using kidney homogenates of eNOS KO mice. These results support a role for eNOS in the pathways activated during renal IRI and also identify eNOS as a nitrite reductase in ischemic conditions; activity which in part underlies the protective effects of nitrite.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Milsom
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
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Mazzon E, Esposito E, Di Paola R, Muià C, Crisafulli C, Genovese T, Caminiti R, Meli R, Bramanti P, Cuzzocrea S. Effect of tumour necrosis factor-alpha receptor 1 genetic deletion on carrageenan-induced acute inflammation: a comparison with etanercept. Clin Exp Immunol 2008; 153:136-49. [PMID: 18505433 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03669.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we used tumour necrosis factor-alpha receptor 1 knock-out mice (TNF-alphaR1KO) to evaluate an in vivo role of TNF-alphaR1 on the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. We used a murine model of carrageenan-induced acute inflammation (pleurisy), a preclinical model of airway inflammation. The data proved that TNF-alphaR1KO were resistant to carrageenan-induced acute inflammation compared with TNF-alpha wild-type mice. TNF-alphaR1KO showed a significant reduction in accumulation of pleural exudate and in the number of inflammatory cells, in lung infiltration of polymorphonuclear leucocytes and lipid peroxidation and showed a decreased production of nitrite/nitrate in pleural exudates. Furthermore, the intensity and degree of the adhesion molecule intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and P-selectin, Fas ligand (FasL), inducible nitric oxide sythase and nitrotyrosine determined by immunohistochemical analysis were reduced markedly in lung tissues from TNF-alphaR1KO at 4 h and 24 h after carrageenan injection. Moreover, TNF-alpha and interleukin-1beta concentrations were reduced in inflamed areas and in pleural exudates from TNF-alphaR1KO. To support the results generated using pleural inflammation, carrageenan-induced paw oedema models were also performed. In order to elucidate whether the observed anti-inflammatory effects were related to the inhibition of TNF-alpha, we also investigated the effect of etanercept, a TNF-alpha soluble receptor construct, on carrageenan-induced pleurisy. The treatment with etanercept (5 mg/kg subcutaneously 2 h before the carrageenan injection) reduces markedly both laboratory and histological signs of carrageenan-induced pleurisy. Our results showed that administration of etanercept resulted in the same outcome as that of deletion of the TNF-alphaR1 receptor, adding a new insight to TNF-alpha as an excellent target by therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mazzon
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Frasca F, Nucera C, Pellegriti G, Gangemi P, Attard M, Stella M, Loda M, Vella V, Giordano C, Trimarchi F, Mazzon E, Belfiore A, Vigneri R. BRAF(V600E) mutation and the biology of papillary thyroid cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2008; 15:191-205. [PMID: 18310287 DOI: 10.1677/erc-07-0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BRAF((V600E)) mutation is the most frequent genetic alteration in papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) that are 80-90% of all thyroid cancers. We evaluated the relationship between BRAF((V600E)) and tumor, host, and environmental factors in PTCs from all geographical areas of Sicily. By PCR, BRAF((V600E)) was investigated in a series of 323 PTCs diagnosed in 2002-2005. The correlation between clinicopathological tumor, host, and environmental characteristics and the presence of BRAF((V600E)) were evaluated by both univariate and multivariate analyses. BRAF((V600E)) was found in 38.6% PTCs, with a 52% frequency in the classical PTCs and 26.4% in the tall cell variant. Univariate analysis indicated that BRAF((V600E)) was associated with greater tumor size (P=0.0048), extra-thyroid invasion (P<0.0001), and cervical lymph nodal metastases (P=0.0001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that BRAF((V600E)) was an independent predictor of extra-thyroid invasion (P=0.0001) and cervical lymph nodal metastasis (P=0.0005). The association between BRAF((V600E)) and extra-thyroid invasion was also found in micro-PTCs (P=0.006). In 60 classical PTCs, BRAF((V600E)) was positively correlated with matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression (P=0.0047), suggesting a possible mechanism for BRAF((V600E)) effect on PTC invasiveness. No association was found between BRAF((V600E)) and patient age, gender, or iodine intake. In contrast, a strong association was found with residency in Eastern Sicily (P<0.0001 compared with Western Sicily). These results indicate that BRAF((V600E)) mutation is a marker of aggressive disease in both micro- and macro-PTCs. Moreover, for the first time, a possible link between BRAF((V600E)) mutation and environmental carcinogens is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Frasca
- Endocrinologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Medicina Specialistica, University of Catania, PO Garibaldi Nesima, Via Palermo 636, Catania, Italy
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Costantino G, della Torre A, Lo Presti MA, Caruso R, Mazzon E, Fries W. Treatment of life-threatening type I refractory coeliac disease with long-term infliximab. Dig Liver Dis 2008; 40:74-7. [PMID: 17382609 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2006.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2006] [Revised: 10/26/2006] [Accepted: 10/30/2006] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Whereas medical approach to coeliac disease is well defined, treatment of patients who fail to respond to a gluten-free diet remains still problematic. We describe the case of a 68 years DQ-2 positive male who lost response to a strict gluten-free diet after an initial response over a 3-year period. His conditions became critical despite high dose prednisone treatment. After a careful differential diagnosis, the patient was classified as having a type I refractory coeliac disease and a single infusion of infliximab at 5mg/kg was given with excellent clinical results. However, clinical response was lost despite background therapy with azathioprine. Six months after the single infusion an induction therapy with infliximab and, thereafter, maintenance every 8 weeks was administered with excellent clinical results. Since small bowel histology recovered very slowly treatment was continued over the following 2 years with a return to near normal architecture. This case shows that anti-tumour necrosis factor treatment may be used in carefully selected patients with type I refractory coeliac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Costantino
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, University of Messina, Italy
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Genovese T, Rossi A, Mazzon E, Di Paola R, Muià C, Caminiti R, Bramanti P, Sautebin L, Cuzzocrea S. Effects of zileuton and montelukast in mouse experimental spinal cord injury. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 153:568-82. [PMID: 18059327 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) is the key enzyme in leukotriene (LT) biosynthesis from arachidonic acid (AA). Here, we examined the role of the 5-LO-product, cysteinyl-LT (Cys-LT), with a 5-LO inhibitor (zileuton) and a Cys-LT, receptor antagonist (montelukast), in the inflammatory response and tissue injury associated with spinal cord injury (SCI). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH SCI was induced in mice by the application of vascular clips to the dura via a two-level T6 to T7 laminectomy for 1 min. Cord inflammation was assessed histologically and by measuring inflammatory mediators (ELISA) and apoptosis by annexin V, TUNEL, Fas ligand staining and Bax and Bcl-2 expression (immunohistochemistry and western blots). Motor function in hindlimbs was assessed by a locomotor rating scale, for 10 days after cord injury. KEY RESULTS SCI in mice resulted in tissue damage, oedema, neutrophil infiltration, apoptosis, tumour necrosis-alpha (TNF-alpha) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) production, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation in injured tissue. Treatment of the mice with zileuton or montelukast reduced the spinal cord inflammation and tissue injury, neutrophil infiltration, TNF-alpha, COX-2 and pERK1/2 expression, PGE(2) and LTB(4) production, and apoptosis. In separate experiments, zileuton or montelukast significantly improved the recovery of limb function over 10 days. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Zileuton and montelukast produced a substantial reduction of inflammatory events associated with experimental SCI. Our data underline the important role of 5-LO and Cys-LT in neurotrauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Genovese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Cuzzocrea S, Genovese T, Mazzon E, Esposito E, Muià C, Abdelrahman M, Di Paola R, Bramanti P, Thiemermann C. Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta inhibition attenuates the development of bleomycin-induced lung injury. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2007; 20:619-30. [PMID: 17880775 DOI: 10.1177/039463200702000320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is an ubiquitous serine-threonine protein kinase that participates in a multitude of cellular processes and has recently been implicated in the pathophysiology of a number of diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of TDZD-8, a potent and selective GSK-3beta inhibitor, on the development of lung injury caused by administration of bleomycin (BLM). Mice subjected to intra-tracheal administration of BLM developed significant lung injury characterized by marked neutrophil infiltration and tissue edema. An increase in immunoreactivity to nitrotyrosine, iNOS, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta was also observed in the lungs of BLM-treated mice. In contrast, administration of BLM-treated mice with TDZD-8 (1 mg/kg daily) significantly reduced (I) the degree of lung injury, (II) the increase in staining (immunohistochemistry) for myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitrotyrosine, iNOS, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta and (III) the degree of apoptosis, as evaluated by Bax and Bcl-2 immunoreactivity and TUNEL staining. Taken together, these results clearly demonstrate treatment with the GSK-3beta inhibitor TDZD-8 reduces the development of lung injury and inflammation induced by BLM in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cuzzocrea
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Italy.
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Mondello S, Buemi M, Mazzon E, Aloisi C. Lymphocytic vasculitis associated with icodextrin. Perit Dial Int 2007; 27:712-715. [PMID: 17984440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
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Genovese T, Mazzon E, Crisafulli C, Esposito E, Di Paola R, Muià C, Di Bella P, Meli R, Bramanti P, Cuzzocrea S. Combination of dexamethasone and etanercept reduces secondary damage in experimental spinal cord trauma. Neuroscience 2007; 150:168-81. [PMID: 17945432 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2007] [Revised: 06/11/2007] [Accepted: 07/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of combination therapy with etanercept and dexamethasone (DEX) in vivo in experimental murine model of spinal cord trauma, which was induced by the application of vascular clips (force of 24 g) to the dura via a four-level T5-T8 laminectomy. Spinal cord injury in mice resulted in severe trauma characterized by edema, neutrophil infiltration, and cytokine production followed by recruitment of other inflammatory cells, production of inflammation mediators, tissue damage, apoptosis and disease. Treatment of the mice with etanercept (1.25 mg/kg) and DEX (0.025 mg/kg) when administered as a combination therapy but not as a single treatment significantly reduced the degree of (1) spinal cord inflammation and tissue injury (histological score), (2) infiltration of neutrophils (MPO evaluation), (3) inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitrotyrosine, and cytokines expression (tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta), (4) and apoptosis (Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated UTP end labeling staining, Fas-ligand expression and Bax and Bcl-2 expression). In a separate set of experiments we have also clearly demonstrated that the combination therapy significantly ameliorated the recovery of limb function (evaluated by motor recovery score). Taken together, our results clearly demonstrate for the first time that strategies targeting multiple proinflammatory pathways may be more effective than a single effector molecule for the treatment of spinal cord trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Genovese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario Via C. Valeria, Gazzi, 98100 Messina, Italy
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Roviezzo F, Cuzzocrea S, Di Lorenzo A, Brancaleone V, Mazzon E, Di Paola R, Bucci M, Cirino G. Protective role of PI3-kinase-Akt-eNOS signalling pathway in intestinal injury associated with splanchnic artery occlusion shock. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 151:377-83. [PMID: 17450173 PMCID: PMC2013986 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) is a dynamic enzyme tightly controlled by co- and post-translational lipid modifications, phosphorylation and regulated by protein-protein interactions. Here we have pharmacologically modulated the activation of eNOS, at different post-translational levels, to assess the role of eNOS-derived NO and of these regulatory mechanisms in intestinal injury associated with splanchnic artery occlusion (SAO) shock. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH SAO shock was induced by clamping both the superior mesenteric artery and the celiac trunk for 45 min followed by 30 min of reperfusion. During ischemia, 15 min prior to reperfusion, mice were given geldanamycin, an inhibitor of hsp90 recruitment to eNOS, or LY-294002 an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), an enzyme that initiates Akt-catalysed phosphorylation of eNOS on Ser1179. After 30 min of reperfusion, samples of ileum were taken for histological examination or for biochemical studies. KEY RESULTS Either LY-294002 or geldanamycin reversed the increased activation of eNOS and Akt observed following SAO shock. These molecular effects were mirrored in vivo by an exacerbation of the intestinal damage. Histological damage also correlated with neutrophil infiltration, assessed as myeloperoxidase activity, and with an increased expression of the adhesion proteins: ICAM-I, VCAM, P-selectin and E-selectin. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Overall these results suggest that activation of the Akt pathway in ischemic regions of reperfused ileum is a protective event, triggered in order to protect the intestinal tissue from damage induced by ischaemia/reperfusion through a fine tuning of the endothelial NO pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Roviezzo
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Napoli, Federico II Napoli, Italy
| | - S Cuzzocrea
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology School of Medicine, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - A Di Lorenzo
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Napoli, Federico II Napoli, Italy
| | - V Brancaleone
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Napoli, Federico II Napoli, Italy
| | - E Mazzon
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology School of Medicine, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - R Di Paola
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi ‘Bonino-Pulejo' Messina, Italy
| | - M Bucci
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Napoli, Federico II Napoli, Italy
| | - G Cirino
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Napoli, Federico II Napoli, Italy
- Author for correspondence:
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Di Paola R, Mazzon E, Muià C, Crisafulli C, Terrana D, Greco S, Britti D, Santori D, Oteri G, Cordasco G, Cuzzocrea S. Effects of etanercept, a tumour necrosis factor-alpha antagonist, in an experimental model of periodontitis in rats. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 150:286-97. [PMID: 17200677 PMCID: PMC2013896 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Etanercept is a tumour necrosis factor antagonist with anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of our study was to evaluate, for the first time, the therapeutic efficacy of in vivo inhibition of TNF-alpha in an experimental model of periodontitis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Periodontitis was induced in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats by placing a nylon thread ligature around the lower 1st molars. Etanercept was administered at a dose of 5 mg kg-1, s.c., after placement of the ligature. KEY RESULTS Periodontitis in rats resulted in an inflammatory process characterized by oedema, neutrophil infiltration and cytokine production that was followed by the recruitment of other inflammatory cells, production of a range of inflammatory mediators, tissue damage, apoptosis and disease. Treatment of the rats with etanercept (5 mg kg-1, s.c., after placement of the ligature) significantly reduced the degree of (1) periodontitis inflammation and tissue injury (histological score), (2) infiltration of neutrophils (MPO evaluation), (3) iNOS (the expression of nitrotyrosine and cytokines (eg TNF-alpha)) and (4) apoptosis (Bax and Bcl-2 expression). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Taken together, our results clearly demonstrate that treatment with etanercept reduces the development of inflammation and tissue injury, events associated with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Di Paola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario Messina, Italy
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi ‘Bonino-Pulejo' Messina, Italy
| | - E Mazzon
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario Messina, Italy
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi ‘Bonino-Pulejo' Messina, Italy
| | - C Muià
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario Messina, Italy
| | - C Crisafulli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario Messina, Italy
| | - D Terrana
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario Messina, Italy
| | - S Greco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario Messina, Italy
| | - D Britti
- Università della Magna Græcia di Catanzaro (UMG) Catanzaro, Italy
| | - D Santori
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Teramo viale Crispi, Teramo, Italy
| | - G Oteri
- Istituto Policattedra di Odontostomatologia Universita degli Studi di Messina Messina, Italia
| | - G Cordasco
- Istituto Policattedra di Odontostomatologia Universita degli Studi di Messina Messina, Italia
| | - S Cuzzocrea
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario Messina, Italy
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi ‘Bonino-Pulejo' Messina, Italy
- Author for correspondence:
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Cuzzocrea S, Crisafulli C, Mazzon E, Esposito E, Muià C, Abdelrahman M, Di Paola R, Thiemermann C. Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta attenuates the development of carrageenan-induced lung injury in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 149:687-702. [PMID: 17016509 PMCID: PMC2014652 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a ubiquitous serine-threonine protein kinase that participates in a multitude of cellular processes and has recently been implicated in the pathophysiology of a number of diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of GSK-3beta inhibition in a model of acute inflammation. Here, we have investigated the effects of TDZD-8, a potent and selective GSK-3beta inhibitor, in a mouse model of carrageenan-induced pleurisy. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Injection of carrageenan into the pleural cavity of mice elicited an acute inflammatory response characterized by: accumulation of fluid containing a large number of neutrophils (PMNs) in the pleural cavity, infiltration of PMNs in lung tissues and subsequent lipid peroxidation, and increased production of nitrite/nitrate (NOx), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumour necrosis factor-alpha, (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). Furthermore, carrageenan induced an upregulation of the adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and P-selectin, iNOS, COX-2 as well as nitrotyrosine as determined by immunohistochemical analysis of lung tissues. KEY RESULTS Administration of TDZD-8 (1, 3 or 10 mg kg(-1), i.p.), 30 min prior to injection of carrageenan, caused a dose-dependent reduction in all the parameters of inflammation measured. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Thus, based on these findings we propose that inhibitors of the activity of GSK-3beta, such as TDZD-8, may be useful in the treatment of various inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cuzzocrea
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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Di Paola R, Mazzon E, Maiere D, Zito D, Britti D, De Majo M, Genovese T, Cuzzocrea S. Rosiglitazone reduces the evolution of experimental periodontitis in the rat. J Dent Res 2006; 85:156-61. [PMID: 16434734 DOI: 10.1177/154405910608500208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) receptor appears to play a pivotal role in the regulation of cellular proliferation and inflammation. Recent evidence also suggests that rosiglitazone, a PPAR-gamma agonist, reduces acute and chronic inflammation. We hypothesized that rosiglitazone would attenuate periodontal inflammation. In the present study, we investigated the effects of rosiglitazone in a rat model of ligature-induced periodontitis. At day 8, ligation significantly induced an increase in neutrophil infiltration, as well as of gingivomucosal tissue expression of iNOS, nitrotyrosine formation, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase activation. Ligation significantly increased Evans blue extravasation in gingivomucosal tissue and alveolar bone destruction. Intraperitoneal injection of rosiglitazone (10 mg/kg 10% DMSO daily for 8 days) significantly decreased all of the parameters of inflammation, as described above. Analysis of these data demonstrated that rosiglitazone exerted an anti-inflammatory role during experimental periodontitis, and was able to ameliorate the tissue damage associated with ligature-induced periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Di Paola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario, Via C. Valeria, Gazzi, 98100 Messina, Italy
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Failla M, Cuzzocrea S, Genovese T, Gili E, La Rosa C, Mazzon E, Crimi N, Vancheri C. Pharmacological Inhibition of Leukotrienes in an Animal Model of Bleomycin-Induced Lung Fibrosis: Role of the Cysteinyl and B4 Leukotrienes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Mirshafiey A, Rehm B, Cuzzocrea S, Matsuo H, Mazzon E, Nakane S, Koh C, Miyoshi S. M2000, Foundation of a New Generation Among NSAIDs. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2005. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180054405767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Mirshafiey A, Cuzzocrea S, Rehm B, Mazzon E, Saadat F, Sotoude M. Treatment of experimental arthritis with M2000, a novel designed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Scand J Immunol 2005; 61:435-41. [PMID: 15882435 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2005.01594.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The current study was planned to explore the therapeutic potency of M2000 (beta-D-mannuronic acid), a novel designed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in adjuvant-induced arthritis model. Arthritis was induced in Lewis rats by a single intradermal injection (0.1 ml) of heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis (0.3 mg) in Freund's incomplete adjuvant into the right footpad. Fourteen days after injection of adjuvant, the contralateral left footpad volume was measured. The animals with paw volumes 0.37 ml greater than normal paws were then randomized into treatment groups. Orally and intraperitoneally administrations of test drugs (M2000, 40/mg/kg/day and indomethacin, 2/mg/kg/day) were started on day 15 post-adjuvant injection and continued until final assessment on day 25. The left hind limb was removed for histological evaluation. The WEHI-164 cell line was used for assaying tolerability and matrix metalloproteinase type 2 (MMP-2) activity. MMP-2 activity was assessed using zymography. Pharmacotoxicology study was carried out on animal models based on the evaluation of serum and urine determinants, histology of kidney, gastrointestinal tolerability and body temperature. Results showed that the orally administration as well as intraperitoneally injection of M2000 to arthritic rats induced a significant reduction in paw oedema. Histopathological assessment showed a reduced inflammatory cells infiltrate in joints of treated rats, as well as the number of osteoclasts present in the subchondral bone, tissue oedema and bone erosion in the paws were markedly reduced following M2000 therapy. Cytotoxicity analysis of M2000 showed a much higher tolerability compared with other tested drugs (diclofenac, piroxicam and dexamethasone). The inhibitory effect of M2000 in MMP-2 activity was significantly greater than that of dexamethasone and of piroxicam at a concentration of 200 microg/ml. Moreover, the toxicological study revealed that M2000 had no influence on serum (blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, triglyceride and cholesterol) and urine (urea and urinary protein excretion) determinants, glomerular histology and body temperature in normothermic rats and had no ulcerogenic effects on rats' stomach. Our data show that M2000, as a novel NSAID, could be strongly suggested as the safest anti-inflammatory drug for long-term administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Genovese T, Cuzzocrea S, Di Paola R, Mazzon E, Mastruzzo C, Catalano P, Sortino M, Crimi N, Caputi AP, Thiemermann C, Vancheri C. Effect of rosiglitazone and 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 on bleomycin-induced lung injury. Eur Respir J 2005; 25:225-34. [PMID: 15684285 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.05.00049704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Thiazolidinedione rosiglitazone and 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), are two peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma ligands. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of rosiglitazone and 15d-PGJ2 on the lung injury caused by bleomycin administration. Mice subjected to intratracheal administration of bleomycin developed significant lung injury. An increase in immunoreactivity to nitrotyrosine, poly(ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) and inducible nitric oxide synthase as well as a significant loss of body weight and mortality was observed in the lung of bleomycin-treated mice. Administration of the two PPAR-gamma agonists rosiglitazone (10 mg x kg(-1) i.p.) and 15d-PGJ2 (30 microg x kg(-1) i.p.) significantly reduced the: 1) loss of body weight, 2) mortality rate, 3) infiltration of the lung with polymorphonuclear neutrophils (myeloperoxidase activity), 4) oedema formation, and 5) histological evidence of lung injury. Administration of rosiglitazone and 15d-PGJ2 also markedly reduced the nitrotyrosine, PARP and inducible nitric oxide synthase formation. In addition, treatment with the PPAR-gamma antagonist bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (1 mg x kg(-1) i.p. 30 min before the rosiglitazone or 15d-PGJ2) significantly antagonised the effect of the two PPAR-gamma agonists. These results demonstrate that the two peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists, rosiglitazone and 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2, significantly reduce lung injury induced by bleomycin in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Genovese
- Dept of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario, Via C. Valeria, Gazzi, 98100 Messina, Italy
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Nucera C, Mazzon E, Caillou B, Violi MA, Moleti M, Priolo C, Sturniolo G, Puzzolo D, Cavallari V, Trimarchi F, Vermiglio F. Human galectin-3 immunoexpression in thyroid follicular adenomas with cell atypia. J Endocrinol Invest 2005; 28:106-12. [PMID: 15887854 DOI: 10.1007/bf03345351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Human galectin-3 (hgal-3) is a beta-galactoside binding protein involved in a number of physiological and pathological processes. Increasing hgal-3 immunoexpression has been reported in several human tumors, including thyroid carcinomas, but not in benign thyroid lesions. We analyzed the immunolocalization of hgal-3 in cell compartments of benign and malignant thyroid lesions. Hgal-3 immunoperoxidase reaction was carried out on 133 thyroid tissue samples obtained from 113 patients; 20 of these were normal (NT), 85 were benign thyroid lesions [20 colloid nodules (CN), 21 nodular hyperplasias (NH), 7 focal lymphocytic thyroiditis (FLT), 15 Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), 22 follicular adenomas (FA)], 25 differentiated carcinomas [15 papillary carcinomas (PC), 6 follicular carcinomas (FC) and 4 Hürthle cell carcinomas (HC)] and 3 anaplastic carcinomas (AC). Among the malignant thyroid lesions, hgal-3 was detected in 12/15 (80%) PC, 3/4 (75%) HC and in 4/6 (66.6%) FC, but in none of the 3 AC. Conversely, hgal-3 immunoexpression was absent in NT and in all benign thyroid lesions, but 1/15 HT and 10/22 (45.4%) FA. In the latter, hgal-3 was mostly expressed in microfollicular areas and in five of the six atypical FA. Hgal-3 cytoplasmic-perinuclear immunolocalization was observed in the majority of thyroid carcinomas and in more than half of the FA, theoretically suggesting an involvement of this protein in thyroid tumorigenesis throughout an antiapoptotic activity. Moreover, hgal-3 expression in FA might anticipate the likelihood of evolution of these benign lesions towards malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nucera
- Clinical-Experimental Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Italy
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Pizzuti D, Bortolami M, Mazzon E, Buda A, Guariso G, D'Odorico A, Chiarelli S, D'Incà R, De Lazzari F, Martines D. Transcriptional downregulation of tight junction protein ZO-1 in active coeliac disease is reversed after a gluten-free diet. Dig Liver Dis 2004; 36:337-41. [PMID: 15191203 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2004.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Coeliac disease is an autoimmune enteropathy characterized by an enhanced permeability of the intestinal epithelial barrier. In epithelial cells paracellular permeability is regulated by intercellular tight junction. The cytoplasmic protein ZO-1 interacts directly with F-actin and plays a pivotal role in the structural and functional organization of tight junction. AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and localization of ZO-1 in the intestinal mucosa of coeliac patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty patients with active coeliac disease, seven of whom underwent a repeat biopsy following a gluten-free diet and 27 control subjects, were studied. In all subjects, three biopsies were obtained from distal duodenum during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. ZO-1 protein localization and levels were detected by immunofluorescence followed by confocal microscopy analysis and immunoblotting. ZO-1 mRNA expression was assessed by RT-PCR. F-actin distribution was also investigated. RESULTS In patients with active coeliac disease, both ZO-1 protein levels and mRNA were clearly reduced. Cytoskeletal organization was disrupted with F-actin staining concentrated at the subcortical and basal surface regions. Abnormalities in ZO-1 expression and actin organization were reversed after a gluten-free diet. CONCLUSIONS In active coeliac disease, ZO-1 protein expression is downregulated at the transcriptional level in association with F-actin redistribution. These changes are completely reversed after a gluten-free diet and could contribute to the increased intestinal paracellular permeability observed in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pizzuti
- Department of Surgical and Gastroenterological Sciences, Section of Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
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Mazzon E, Cuzzocrea S. Role of iNOS in hepatocyte tight junction alteration in mouse model of experimental colitis. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2003; 49:45-57. [PMID: 12839336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
A variety of hepatobiliary abnormalities occur in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). The role of tight junction (TJ) in hepatobiliary complications have been well described. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of inducible nitric oxide (NOS) in alteration of hepatocyte TJ paracellular barrier and in the rapid transcytotic vesicular pathway modification associated with intestinal inflammation. To address this question, we used an experimental model of colitis, induced by dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS). When compared to DNBS-treated iNOS wild-type (WT) mice, DNBS-treated iNOS knock out mice (iNOSKO) mice experienced a significant less rate of the extent and severity of the histological signs of colon injury. Colon levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor, interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6 were also significantly reduced in iNOS-KO mice in comparison to wild-type mice. Liver histology from iNOSKO and wild-type mice iNOSWT did not show any parenchymal and portal tract inflammation at 4 days after DNBS administration. Serum total bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase, were significantly reduced in DNBS-iNOSKO mice vs DNBS-iNOSKO mice. Therefore, we found an increase of tight junctional permeability to lanthanum nitrate (molecular weight, 433) in the livers from DNBS-treated IL-10WT mice, lanthanum accumulated throughout the junctional area up to the most apical region bordering the lumen. Absence of a functional iNOS gene in iNOSKO mice resulted in a significant reduction of apical diffusion of lanthanum after DNBS-induced colitis. Immunofluorescent labeling of frozen liver sections from DNBS-iNOSWT mice showed a significant alteration of the immunolocalization for claudin-1 and zonula occludens (ZO)-1. In contrast, a significant reduced alteration in the localization of the immunosignals for claudin-1 and ZO-1 was observed in the liver from iNOSKO mice after DNBS administration. In conclusion, we suggest that the iNOS may represent an important pathophysiological mechanism of hepatobiliary injuries and cholestasis observed in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mazzon
- Department of Biomorphology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Restraint stress induces permeability changes in the rat small intestine but little is known of the ultrastructural events leading to defects of the paracellular sealing or of the short term evolution of these alterations. METHODS In the present study, we performed transmission electron microscopy in the terminal ileum perfused with lanthanum after two hours of immobilisation stress and in non-stressed control rats. Moreover, immunohistochemistry of the tight junction (TJ) associated proteins, occludin and zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1), was carried out together with western blot analysis of the transmembrane protein occludin. TJ morphology was also assessed after a 22 hour recovery period. RESULTS Immobilisation stress induced a significant increase in epithelial permeability to the lanthanum tracer (p<0.005) which recovered completely after 22 hours. Compared with unstressed controls, in stressed rats no differences were found on freeze fracture analysis. The TJ related immunofluorescence signals of occludin and of ZO-1 were irregularly distributed in stressed rats after two hours but returned to a normal pattern at 24 hours although with minor intensity. No quantitative alterations in occludin were detectable in stressed rats by immunoblot whereas a perinuclear concentration of occludin was observed by immunolocalisation. CONCLUSIONS Immobilisation stress induced an increase in TJ permeability in the rat terminal ileum. These changes were mainly due to modifications and redistribution of the TJ transmembrane protein occludin and of the plaque protein ZO-1 whereas protein synthesis, at least that of occludin, was not affected by stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mazzon
- Dipartimento di Biomorfologia e Bitecnologie, Università di Messina, Italy
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Dugo L, Chatterjee PK, Mazzon E, McDonald MC, Paola RD, Fulia F, Caputi AP, Thiemermann C, Cuzzocrea S. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor tyrphostin AG 126 reduces the multiple organ failure induced by zymosan in the rat. Intensive Care Med 2002; 28:775-88. [PMID: 12107686 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-002-1308-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2001] [Accepted: 03/15/2002] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of tyrphostin AG 126, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on the multiple organ failure (MOF) caused by zymosan in the rat. DESIGN Zymosan (500 mg/kg, suspended in saline solution, i.p.) causes an enhanced formation of reactive oxygen species, which contribute to the pathophysiology of MOF. After zymosan or saline administration, animals were monitored for 12 days. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Treatment of rats with tyrphostin AG 126 (10 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg or 1 mg/kg intraperitoneally, 1 h and 6 h after zymosan) attenuated the peritoneal exudation and the migration of polymorphonuclear cells caused by zymosan in a dose-dependent fashion. Tyrphostin AG 126 also attenuated the lung, liver, and intestinal injury (histology) as well as the increase in the levels of myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde caused by zymosan in the lung, liver, and intestine. Immunohistochemical analysis for nitrotyrosine, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PAR), iNOS, and COX-2 revealed a positive staining in lung, liver and intestine from zymosan-treated rats. The degree of staining for nitrotyrosine, PAR, iNOS, and COX-2 were markedly reduced in tissue sections obtained from zymosan-treated rats which had received tyrphostin AG 126. Furthermore, treatment of rats with tyrphostin AG 126 significantly reduced the production of peroxynitrite and of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-1beta. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first evidence that the protein kinase inhibitor tyrphostin AG 126 attenuates the degree of MOF associated with zymosan-induced peritonitis in the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dugo
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, torre Biologica- Policlinico Universitario Via C. Valeria - Gazzi - 98100 Messina, Italy
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Mazzon E, Dugo L, Di Paola R, Genovese T, Caputi AP, Cuzzocrea S. ABSENCE OF ENDOGENOUS INTERLEUKIN-6 ENHANCES THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE DURING ACUTE PANCREATITIS IN MICE. Shock 2002. [DOI: 10.1097/00024382-200206001-00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Salvemini D, Mazzon E, Dugo L, Serraino I, De Sarro A, Caputi AP, Cuzzocrea S. Amelioration of joint disease in a rat model of collagen-induced arthritis by M40403, a superoxide dismutase mimetic. Arthritis Rheum 2001; 44:2909-21. [PMID: 11762952 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(200112)44:12<2909::aid-art479>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of M40403, a synthetic mimetic of superoxide dismutase (SOD), on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats. METHODS CIA was elicited in Lewis rats by intradermal injection of 100 microl of an emulsion of bovine type II collagen (CII) in Freund's incomplete adjuvant at the base of the tail. A second injection was given on day 21. RESULTS Immunization induced an erosive arthritis of the hind paws. Macroscopic evidence of CIA first appeared as periarticular erythema and edema in the hind paws by days 24-26 after the first injection, with a 100% incidence by days 27. Severity progressed over a 35-day period. Radiography revealed soft tissue swelling and focal resorption of bone, together with osteophyte formation in the tibiotarsal joint. Histopathologic features included erosion of the articular cartilage at the joint margins and subchondral bone resorption associated with bone-derived multinucleated cell-containing granulomatous lesions. Treatment with M40403 (2-10 mg/kg/day) starting at the onset of arthritis (day 25) ameliorated the clinical signs on days 26-35 and improved the histologic findings in the joint and paw. Immunohistochemical analysis for nitrotyrosine (a marker of peroxynitrite formation) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP; a nuclear enzyme activated by DNA single-strand damage) revealed positive staining in the inflamed joints of CII-treated rats, suggestive of the formation of peroxynitrite and DNA damage, both of which were markedly reduced by M40403 treatment. Radiographic evidence of protection from bone resorption, osteophyte formation, and soft tissue swelling was apparent in the tibiotarsal joints of M40403-treated rats. Arthritic rats treated with M40403 gained weight at the same rate and to the same extent as normal, nonarthritic rats. CONCLUSION This study shows that a low molecular weight mimetic of SOD, M40403, attenuates the degree of chronic inflammation, tissue damage, and bone damage associated with CIA in the rat, and supports the possible use of SOD mimetics as therapeutic agents for the management of chronic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/chemistry
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Antibody Formation/drug effects
- Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Experimental/metabolism
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- Arthrography
- Collagen
- Collagen Type XI
- Disease Models, Animal
- Interleukin-1/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-1/blood
- Joints/metabolism
- Joints/pathology
- Male
- Manganese
- Molecular Weight
- Organometallic Compounds/chemistry
- Organometallic Compounds/pharmacology
- Proteins/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Superoxide Dismutase/chemistry
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Tyrosine/analogs & derivatives
- Tyrosine/metabolism
- Weight Gain/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- D Salvemini
- MetaPhore Pharmaceuticals, St. Louis, Missouri 63114, USA.
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Cuzzocrea S, Mazzon E, Dugo L, Caputi AP, Riley DP, Salvemini D. Protective effects of M40403, a superoxide dismutase mimetic, in a rodent model of colitis. Eur J Pharmacol 2001; 432:79-89. [PMID: 11734191 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(01)01427-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is characterised by oxidative and nitrosative stress, leukocyte infiltration, and up-regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expression in the colon. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of M40403, a superoxide dismutase mimetic, in rats subjected to experimental colitis. Colitis was induced in rats by intracolonic instillation of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). Rats experienced bloody diarrhoea and significant loss of body weight. At 4 days after TNBS administration, the colon damage was characterised by areas of mucosal necrosis. Neutrophil infiltration (indicated by myeloperoxidase activity in the mucosa) was associated with up-regulation of ICAM-1 and expression of P-selectin and high levels of malondialdehyde. Immunohistochemistry for nitrotyrosine and poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase showed an intense staining in the inflamed colon. Treatment with M40403 (5 mg/kg daily i.p.) significantly reduced the appearance of diarrhoea and the loss of body weight. This was associated with a remarkable amelioration of the disruption of the colonic architecture as well as a significant reduction of colonic myeloperoxidase activity and malondialdehyde levels. M40403 also reduced the appearance of nitrotyrosine and poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase immunoreactivity in the colon as well as reduced the up-regulation of ICAM-1 and the expression of P-selectin. The results of this study suggested that administration of a superoxide dismutase mimetic may be beneficial for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cuzzocrea
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Cuzzocrea S, Mazzon E, Serraino I, Dugo L, Centorrino T, Ciccolo A, Sautebin L, Caputi AP. Celecoxib, a selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor reduces the severity of experimental colitis induced by dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2001; 431:91-102. [PMID: 11716847 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(01)01403-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is characterised by oxidative and nitrosative stress, leukocyte infiltration, upregulation of the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and upregulation of P-selectin in the colon. Here, we investigate the effects of the selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, in rats subjected to experimental colitis. Colitis was induced in rats by intracolonic instillation of dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS). Rats experienced hemorrhagic diarrhoea and weight loss. At 4 days after administration of DNBS, the mucosa of the colon exhibited large areas of necrosis. Neutrophil infiltration (determined by histology, as well as an increase in myeloperoxidase activity in the mucosa) was associated with upregulation of ICAM-1 and P-selectin, as well as high tissue levels of malondialdehyde. Immunohistochemistry for nitrotyrosine and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase showed intense staining in the inflamed colon. Celecoxib (5 mg/kg twice a day orally) significantly reduced the degree of hemorrhagic diarrhoea and the weight loss caused by administration of DNBS. Celecoxib also caused a substantial reduction of (i) the degree of colonic injury, (ii) the rise in myeloperoxidase activity (mucosa), (iii) the increase in the tissue levels of malondialdehyde, (iv) the increase in staining (immunohistochemistry) for nitrotyrosine, as well as (v) the upregulation of ICAM-1 and P-selectin caused by DNBS in the colon. Thus, we provide the first evidence that a selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib reduces the degree of colitis caused by DNBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cuzzocrea
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario Via C. Valera, Gazzi, 98100, Messina, Italy.
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Cuzzocrea S, Mazzon E, Dugo L, Serraino I, Britti D, De Maio M, Caputi AP. Absence of endogeneous interleukin-10 enhances the evolution of murine type-II collagen-induced arthritis. Eur Cytokine Netw 2001; 12:568-80. [PMID: 11781183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) exerts a wide spectrum of regulatory activities in the immune and inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of endogenous IL-10 in the modulation of the inflammatory response in mice subjected to collagen-induced arthritis. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was induced in mice lacking the gene for IL-10 (IL-10 "knock-out", IL-10KO) and in wild-type control (IL-10WT) mice by an intradermal injection of 100 mul of the emulsion (containing 100 mug of bovine type II collagen) (CII) and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) at the base of the tail. On day 21, a second injection of CII in CFA was administered. IL-10 wild type (WT) mice developed an erosive, hind paw arthritis when immunised with CII in CFA. Macroscopic clinical evidence of CIA first appeared as peri-articular erythema and oedema in the hind paws. The incidence of CIA was 100% by day 27 in the CII-challenged IL-10WT. The severity of CIA progressed over a 35-day period, with radiographic evaluation revealing focal resorption of bone. The histopathology of CIA included erosion of the cartilage at the joint margins. IL-10KO mice experienced higher rates of clinical signs and more severe knee and paw injury as compared to IL-10WT. The degree of oxidative and nitrosative damage was significantly higher in IL-10KO mice than in wild-type littermates, as indicated by elevated malondialdehyde levels and formation of nitrotyrosine and poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase (PARS). Plasma levels of the proinflammatory cytokines, tumour necrosis factor, interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6 were also greatly enhanced in comparison to wild-type mice. These data demonstrate that endogenous IL-10 exerts an anti-inflammatory role during chronic inflammation and tissue damage associated with collagen-induced arthritis, possibly by regulating neutrophil recruitment, and the subsequent cytokine and oxidant generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cuzzocrea
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario Via C. Valeria, Gazzi, 98100 Messina, Italy.
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Abstract
Studies were performed on the mechanisms of the protective effects of free-radical scavengers against gentamicin-mediated nephropathy. Administration of gentamicin, 100 mg/kg s.c., for 5 days to rats induced marked renal failure, characterised by a significantly decreased creatinine clearance and increased blood creatinine levels, fractional excretion of sodium Na(+), lithium Li(+), urine gamma glutamyl transferase and daily urine volume. A significant increase in kidney myeloperoxidase activity and lipid peroxidation was observed in gentamicin-treated rats. Immunohistochemical localisation demonstrated nitrotyrosine formation and poly(ADP-ribose)synthase activation in the proximal tubule from gentamicin-treated rats. Renal histology examination confirmed the tubular necrosis. N-acetylcysteine (10 mg/kg i.p. for 5 days) caused normalisation of the above biochemical parameters. In addition, N-acetylcysteine treatment significantly prevents the gentamicin-induced tubular necrosis. These results suggest that (1) N-acetylcysteine has protective effects on gentamicin-mediated nephropathy, and (2) the mechanisms of the protective effects can be, at least in part, related to interference with peroxynitrite-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mazzon
- Department of Biomorphology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Cuzzocrea S, Mazzon E, Sautebin L, Serraino I, Dugo L, Calabró G, Caputi AP, Maggi A. The protective role of endogenous estrogens in carrageenan-induced lung injury in the rat. Mol Med 2001; 7:478-87. [PMID: 11683373 PMCID: PMC1950058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have recently demonstrated that 17beta-estradiol (E2) inhibits the increase of inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) activity in selected model systems such as macrophages, microglia, smooth muscle cells, and proposed that this effect might be associated with an anti-inflammatory activity of this hormone. Here we investigate the effects of endogenous estrogens in rats subjected to carrageenan-induced pleurisy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult female rats were ovariectomized 3 weeks before the experiments to deplete circulating estrogens. Selected inflammatory markers, landmarks of the delayed phase of carrageenan-induced pleurisy, were measured in intact (N-OVX), and ovariectomized (OVX) female rats. In addition, the effect of hormone replacement was evaluated in ovariectomized rats with intraperitoneal injection of 17beta-estradiol (E2; 50 microg/kg) 1 hr before carrageenan treatment (OVX + E2). RESULTS Ovariectomy enhanced the carrageenan-induced degree of pleural exudation and polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration in rats subjected to carrageenan-induced pleurisy. Lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and lipid peroxidation were significantly increased in estrogens-deprived rats. The iNOS in lung samples was significantly increased by the surgery. The increase of iNOS activity was correlated with a marked enhancement in the production of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta. Immunohistochemical analysis for P-selectin and ICAM-I, as well as nitrotyrosine and poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase (PARS) revealed a positive staining in lungs from carrageenan-treated rats, which was markedly enhanced in ovariectomized rats when compared to cycling rats, particularly in the estrous phase of the cycle. Estrogen replacement counteracted the effect of surgery on all of the above indicators of lung inflammation, suggesting that in the cycling rat this hormone plays a key role in the increased sensitivity to inflammatory injury observed in the OVX rat. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that endogenous estrogens production plays an important protective role against carrageenan-induced acute inflammation by decreasing the expression of specific markers of the delayed phase of this well-known model of acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cuzzocrea
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Messina, Italy.
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Cuzzocrea S, Mazzon E, Dugo L, Barbera A, Centorrino T, Ciccolo A, Fonti MT, Caputi AP. Inducible nitric oxide synthase knockout mice exhibit resistance to the multiple organ failure induced by zymosan. Shock 2001; 16:51-8. [PMID: 11442316 DOI: 10.1097/00024382-200116010-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, by comparing the responses in wild-type mice (+/+) and mice lacking (-/-) the inducible (or type 2) nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), we investigated the role played by iNOS in the development of non-septic shock. A severe inflammatory response characterized by peritoneal exudation, high peritoneal levels of nitrate/nitrite, and leukocyte infiltration into peritoneal exudate was induced by zymosan administration in iNOS +/+ mice. This inflammatory process coincided with the damage of lung, liver, and small intestine, as assessed by histological examination. Lung, small intestine, and liver myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, indicative of neutrophil infiltration and lipid peroxidation, were significantly increased in zymosan-treated iNOS +/+ mice. Peritoneal administration of zymosan in the iNOS +/+ mice induced also a significant increase in the plasma levels of nitrite/nitrate and in the levels of peroxynitrite at 18 h after zymosan challenge. Immunohistochemical examination demonstrated a marked increase in the immunoreactivity to nitrotyrosine and to poly ADP-ribose synthetase (PARS) in the lung, liver, and intestine of zymosan-treated iNOS +/+ mice. The intensity and degree of nitrotyrosine and PARS were markedly reduced in tissue section from zymosan-iNOS -/- mice. Zymosan-treated iNOS -/- mice showed a significantly decreased mortality and inhibition of the development of peritonitis. In addition, iNOS -/- mice showed a significant protection on the development of organ failure since tissue injury and MPO were reduced in lung, small intestine, and liver. Furthermore, a significant reduction of suppression of mitochondrial respiration, DNA strand breakage, and reduction of cellular levels of NAD+ was observed in ex vivo macrophages harvested from the peritoneal cavity of iNOS -/- mice subjected to zymosan-induced non-septic shock. In vivo treatment with aminoguanidine (300 mg/kg 1 and 6 h after zymosan administration) significantly prevents the inflammatory process. Taken together, our results clearly demonstrate that iNOS plays an important role in zymosan-induced non-septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cuzzocrea
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
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