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Rubbo B, Li Z, Tachachartvanich P, Baumert BO, Wang H, Pan S, Rock S, Ryder J, Jenkins T, Sisley S, Lin X, Bartell S, Inge T, Xanthakos S, McNeil B, Robuck AR, La Merrill MA, Walker DI, Conti DV, McConnnell R, Eckel SP, Chatzi L. Exposure to 4,4'-DDE in visceral adipose tissue and weight loss in adolescents from the Teen-LABS cohort. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:1023-1032. [PMID: 38515392 PMCID: PMC11039378 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), an obesogen accumulating in adipose tissue, is released into circulation with weight loss, although its impact is underexplored among adolescents. We tested the association using an integrative translational approach of epidemiological analysis among adolescents with obesity and in vitro measures exploring the impact of DDE on adipogenesis via preadipocytes. METHODS We included 63 participants from the Teen-Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (Teen-LABS) cohort. We assessed 4,4'-DDE in visceral adipose tissue at surgery and BMI and waist circumference at surgery and 0.5, 1, 3, and 5 years after. We conducted longitudinal analysis to estimate the interaction on weight loss between DDE and time since surgery. In vitro analysis quantified adipogenic differentiation in commercial human preadipocytes exposed to 4,4'-DDE via fluorescent staining and imaging. RESULTS A dose-response relationship was observed, with the low-exposure group having a greater reduction in BMI during the first year compared to higher-exposure groups and showing smaller regains compared to higher-exposure groups after the first year. In vitro analysis of preadipocytes treated with 4,4'-DDE during adipogenic differentiation for 12 days showed a concentration-dependent increase in lipid accumulation. CONCLUSIONS DDE could contribute to weight trajectory among adolescents undergoing bariatric surgery, potentially mediated via promoted adipogenesis in preadipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Rubbo
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Phum Tachachartvanich
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Brittney O. Baumert
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hongxu Wang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shudi Pan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Rock
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Justin Ryder
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Todd Jenkins
- Division of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Stephanie Sisley
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiangping Lin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott Bartell
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Inge
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stavra Xanthakos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Brooklynn McNeil
- Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anna R. Robuck
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Now at: US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | | | - Douglas I. Walker
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David V. Conti
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rob McConnnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandrah P. Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lida Chatzi
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Han DH, Cho J, Vogel EA, Harlow AF, Tackett AP, Eckel SP, McConnell R, Barrington-Trimis JL, Leventhal AM. Longitudinal Transitions Between Use of Combustible, Noncombustible, and Multiple Cannabis Products From Adolescence to Young Adulthood and Intersections With Nicotine Use. Am J Epidemiol 2024; 193:617-625. [PMID: 37981712 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwad230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding transitions across use of different types of cannabis products and multiple cannabis products and how they intersect with nicotine use in young people can inform etiology and prevention. In this study, we examined transitions across use of combustible and noncombustible forms of cannabis and multiple types of cannabis from adolescence to young adulthood and the role of nicotine use in transitions. In a Southern California longitudinal cohort study (n = 3,298; baseline mean age = 16.1 (standard deviation, 0.4) years) with 9 semiannual survey waves (2015-2021), we used Markov multistate transition modeling to estimate short-term (2-wave) and long-term (9-wave) probabilities of transition across 5 cannabis use states: never use of any product, prior use with no past-6-month (P6M) use of any product, and P6M use of exclusively noncombustible products, exclusively combustible products, and multiple (noncombustible + combustible) products. Sizable transition probabilities from prior and exclusive P6M noncombustible or combustible cannabis use to P6M poly-cannabis-product use were observed in short-term (10.7%-38.9%) and long-term (43.4%-43.8%) analyses. P6M nicotine use increased risk of transitioning from never and prior use to exclusive P6M noncombustible and combustible cannabis use. Cannabis use in any form, even temporary use, during midadolescence may often be followed by poly-cannabis-product use. Nicotine use may amplify the probability of future cannabis use onset or recurrence.
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Chen JC, Goodrich JA, Walker DI, Liao J, Costello E, Alderete TL, Valvi D, Hampson H, Li S, Baumert BO, Rock S, Jones DP, Eckel SP, McConnell R, Gilliland FD, Aung MT, Conti DV, Chen Z, Chatzi L. Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and high-throughput proteomics in Hispanic youth. Environ Int 2024; 186:108601. [PMID: 38537583 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strong epidemiological evidence shows positive associations between exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and adverse cardiometabolic outcomes (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia). However, the underlying cardiometabolic-relevant biological activities of PFAS in humans remain largely unclear. AIM We evaluated the associations of PFAS exposure with high-throughput proteomics in Hispanic youth. MATERIAL AND METHODS We included 312 overweight/obese adolescents from the Study of Latino Adolescents at Risk (SOLAR) between 2001 and 2012, along with 137 young adults from the Metabolic and Asthma Incidence Research (Meta-AIR) between 2014 and 2018. Plasma PFAS (i.e., PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS, PFHpS, PFNA) were quantified using liquid-chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. Plasma proteins (n = 334) were measured utilizing the proximity extension assay using an Olink Explore Cardiometabolic Panel I. We conducted linear regression with covariate adjustment to identify PFAS-associated proteins. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, protein-protein interaction network analysis, and protein annotation were used to investigate alterations in biological functions and protein clusters. RESULTS Results after adjusting for multiple comparisons showed 13 significant PFAS-associated proteins in SOLAR and six in Meta-AIR, sharing similar functions in inflammation, immunity, and oxidative stress. In SOLAR, PFNA demonstrated significant positive associations with the largest number of proteins, including ACP5, CLEC1A, HMOX1, LRP11, MCAM, SPARCL1, and SSC5D. After considering the mixture effect of PFAS, only SSC5D remained significant. In Meta-AIR, PFAS mixtures showed positive associations with GDF15 and IL6. Exploratory analysis showed similar findings. Specifically, pathway analysis in SOLAR showed PFOA- and PFNA-associated activation of immune-related pathways, and PFNA-associated activation of inflammatory response. In Meta-AIR, PFHxS-associated activation of dendric cell maturation was found. Moreover, PFAS was associated with common protein clusters of immunoregulatory interactions and JAK-STAT signaling in both cohorts. CONCLUSION PFAS was associated with broad alterations of the proteomic profiles linked to pro-inflammation and immunoregulation. The biological functions of these proteins provide insight into potential molecular mechanisms of PFAS toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Carmen Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Jesse A Goodrich
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Douglas I Walker
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jiawen Liao
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Costello
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tanya L Alderete
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Damaskini Valvi
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hailey Hampson
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shiwen Li
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Brittney O Baumert
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sarah Rock
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Dean P Jones
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Frank D Gilliland
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Max T Aung
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David V Conti
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zhanghua Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lida Chatzi
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Ji N, Eckel SP, Foley H, Yang T, Lurmann F, Grubbs BH, Habre R, Bastain TM, Farzan SF, Breton CV. Prenatal air pollution exposure is associated with inflammatory, cardiovascular, and metabolic biomarkers in mothers and newborns. Environ Res 2024; 252:118797. [PMID: 38555084 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal air pollution exposure has been associated with individual inflammatory, cardiovascular, and metabolic biomarkers in mothers and neonates. However, studies of air pollution and a comprehensive panel of biomarkers across maternal and cord blood samples remain limited. Few studies used data-driven methods to identify biomarker groupings that converge biomarkers from multiple biological pathways. This study aims to investigate the impacts of prenatal air pollution on groups of biomarkers in maternal and cord blood samples. METHODS In the Maternal And Developmental Risks from Environmental and Social Stressors (MADRES) cohort, 87 biomarkers were quantified from 45 trimester 1 maternal blood and 55 cord blood samples. Pregnancy and trimester 1-averaged concentrations of particulate matter ≤2.5 μm and ≤10 μm in diameter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) were estimated, using inverse distance squared weighted spatial interpolation from regulatory air monitoring stations. Traffic-related NOx was assessed using California Line Source Dispersion Model: freeway/highway roads, non-freeway major roads, non-freeway minor roads, and their sum as total NOx. Elastic Net (EN) regression within the rexposome R package was used to group biomarkers and assess their associations with air pollution. RESULTS In maternal samples, trimester 1-averaged PM10 was associated with elevated inflammation biomarkers and lowered cardiovascular biomarkers. NO2 exhibited positive associations with cardiovascular and inflammation markers. O3 was inversely associated with inflammation, metabolic, and cardiovascular biomarkers. In cord blood, pregnancy-averaged PM2.5 was associated with higher cardiovascular biomarkers and lower metabolic biomarkers. PM10 was associated with lower inflammation and higher cardiovascular biomarkers. Total and major road NOx was associated with lower cardiovascular biomarkers. CONCLUSION Prenatal air pollution exposure was associated with changes in biomarkers related to inflammation, cardiovascular, metabolic, cancer, and neurological function in both mothers and neonates. This study shed light on mechanisms by which air pollution can influence biological function during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Ji
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States
| | - Helen Foley
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States
| | - Tingyu Yang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States
| | - Fred Lurmann
- Sonoma Technology Inc., Petaluma, CA, 94954, United States
| | - Brendan H Grubbs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States
| | - Rima Habre
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States
| | - Theresa M Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States
| | - Shohreh F Farzan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States
| | - Carrie V Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States.
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5
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Niu Z, Habre R, Yang T, Chen X, Vigil M, Barragan K, Lurmann F, Pavlovic NR, Grubbs BH, Toledo-Corral CM, Johnston J, Dunton GF, Lerner D, Lurvey N, Al-Marayati L, Eckel SP, Breton CV, Bastain TM, Farzan SF. Increased Risk of Gestational Hypertension by Periconceptional Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Effect Modification by Prenatal Depression. Hypertension 2024. [PMID: 38533642 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.22272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution has been associated with gestational hypertension (GH) and preeclampsia, but susceptible windows of exposure and potential vulnerability by comorbidities, such as prenatal depression, remain unclear. METHODS We ascertained GH and preeclampsia cases in a prospective pregnancy cohort in Los Angeles, CA. Daily levels of ambient particles (with a diameter of ≤10 μm [PM10] or ≤2.5 μm [PM2.5]), nitrogen dioxide, and ozone were averaged for each week from 12 weeks preconception to 20 gestational weeks. We used distributed lag models to identify susceptible exposure windows, adjusting for potential confounders. Analyses were additionally stratified by probable prenatal depression to explore population vulnerability. RESULTS Among 619 participants, 60 developed preeclampsia and 42 developed GH. We identified a susceptible window for exposure to PM2.5 from 1 week preconception to 11 weeks postconception: higher exposure (5 µg/m3) within this window was associated with an average of 8% (95% CI, 1%-15%) higher risk of GH. Among participants with probable prenatal depression (n=179; 32%), overlapping sensitive windows were observed for all pollutants from 8 weeks before to 10 weeks postconception with increased risk of GH (PM2.5, 16% [95% CI, 3%-31%]; PM10, 39% [95% CI, 13%-72%]; nitrogen dioxide, 65% [95% CI, 17%-134%]; and ozone, 45% [95% CI, 9%-93%]), while the associations were close to null among those without prenatal depression. Air pollutants were not associated with preeclampsia in any analyses. CONCLUSIONS We identified periconception through early pregnancy as a susceptible window of air pollution exposure with an increased risk of GH. Prenatal depression increases vulnerability to air pollution exposure and GH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzheng Niu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. (Z.N., R.H, T.Y., X.C., M.V., C.M.T.-C., J.J., G.F.D., S.P.E., C.V.B., T.M.B., S.F.F.)
| | - Rima Habre
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. (Z.N., R.H, T.Y., X.C., M.V., C.M.T.-C., J.J., G.F.D., S.P.E., C.V.B., T.M.B., S.F.F.)
| | - Tingyu Yang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. (Z.N., R.H, T.Y., X.C., M.V., C.M.T.-C., J.J., G.F.D., S.P.E., C.V.B., T.M.B., S.F.F.)
| | - Xinci Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. (Z.N., R.H, T.Y., X.C., M.V., C.M.T.-C., J.J., G.F.D., S.P.E., C.V.B., T.M.B., S.F.F.)
| | - Mario Vigil
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. (Z.N., R.H, T.Y., X.C., M.V., C.M.T.-C., J.J., G.F.D., S.P.E., C.V.B., T.M.B., S.F.F.)
| | - Karina Barragan
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge (K.B., C.M.T.-C.)
| | - Fred Lurmann
- Sonoma Technology, Inc, Petaluma, CA (F.L., N.R.P.)
| | | | - Brendan H Grubbs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. (B.H.G., L.A.-M.)
| | - Claudia M Toledo-Corral
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. (Z.N., R.H, T.Y., X.C., M.V., C.M.T.-C., J.J., G.F.D., S.P.E., C.V.B., T.M.B., S.F.F.)
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge (K.B., C.M.T.-C.)
| | - Jill Johnston
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. (Z.N., R.H, T.Y., X.C., M.V., C.M.T.-C., J.J., G.F.D., S.P.E., C.V.B., T.M.B., S.F.F.)
| | - Genevieve F Dunton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. (Z.N., R.H, T.Y., X.C., M.V., C.M.T.-C., J.J., G.F.D., S.P.E., C.V.B., T.M.B., S.F.F.)
| | | | | | - Laila Al-Marayati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. (B.H.G., L.A.-M.)
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. (Z.N., R.H, T.Y., X.C., M.V., C.M.T.-C., J.J., G.F.D., S.P.E., C.V.B., T.M.B., S.F.F.)
| | - Carrie V Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. (Z.N., R.H, T.Y., X.C., M.V., C.M.T.-C., J.J., G.F.D., S.P.E., C.V.B., T.M.B., S.F.F.)
| | - Theresa M Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. (Z.N., R.H, T.Y., X.C., M.V., C.M.T.-C., J.J., G.F.D., S.P.E., C.V.B., T.M.B., S.F.F.)
| | - Shohreh F Farzan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. (Z.N., R.H, T.Y., X.C., M.V., C.M.T.-C., J.J., G.F.D., S.P.E., C.V.B., T.M.B., S.F.F.)
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Yi L, Xu Y, O'Connor S, Cabison J, Rosales M, Chu D, Chavez TA, Johnson M, Mason TB, Eckel SP, Bastain TM, Breton CV, Wilson JP, Dunton GF, Habre R. GPS-derived environmental exposures during pregnancy and early postpartum - Evidence from the madres cohort. Sci Total Environ 2024; 918:170551. [PMID: 38336080 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The built and natural environment factors (e.g., greenspace, walkability) are associated with maternal and infant health during and after pregnancy. Most pregnancy studies assess exposures to environmental factors via static methods (i.e., residential location at a single point in time, usually 3rd trimester). These do not capture dynamic exposures encountered in activity spaces (e.g., locations one visits and paths one travels) and their changes over time. In this study, we aimed to compare daily environmental exposure estimates using residential and global positioning systems (GPS)-measured activity space approaches and evaluated potential for exposure measurement error in the former. To do this, we collected four days of continuous geolocation monitoring during the 1st and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy and at 4-6 months postpartum in sixty-two pregnant Hispanic women enrolled in the MADRES cohort. We applied residential and GPS-based methods to assess daily exposures to greenspace, access to parks and transit, and walkability, respectively. We assessed potential for exposure measurement error in residential vs GPS-based estimates using Pearson correlations for each measure overall and by study period. We found residential and GPS-based estimates of daily exposure to total areas of parks and open spaces were weakly positively correlated (r = 0.31, P < .001) across pregnancy and postpartum periods. Residential estimates of %greenspace (r = 0.52, P < .001) and tree cover (r = 0.55, P < .001) along walkable roads were moderately correlated with GPS-based estimates. Residential and GPS-based estimates of public transit proximity, pedestrian-oriented intersection density, and walkability index score were all highly positively correlated (r > 0.70, P < .001). We also found associations between residential and GPS-based estimates decreased among participants with greater daily mobility. Our findings suggest the popular approach that assessing the built and natural environment exposures using residential methods at one time point may introduce exposure measurement error in pregnancy studies. GPS-based methods, to the extent feasible, are recommended for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yi
- Spatial Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, United States of America.
| | - Yan Xu
- Spatial Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, United States of America
| | - Sydney O'Connor
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States of America
| | - Jane Cabison
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States of America
| | - Marisela Rosales
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States of America
| | - Daniel Chu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States of America
| | - Thomas A Chavez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States of America
| | - Mark Johnson
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States of America
| | - Tyler B Mason
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States of America
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States of America
| | - Theresa M Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States of America
| | - Carrie V Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States of America
| | - John P Wilson
- Spatial Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, United States of America; Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States of America; Departments of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Computer Science, and Sociology, University of Southern California, United States of America
| | - Genevieve F Dunton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, United States of America
| | - Rima Habre
- Spatial Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, United States of America; Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States of America
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7
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Maldonado LE, Bastain TM, Toledo‐Corral CM, Dunton GF, Habre R, Eckel SP, Yang T, Grubbs BH, Chavez T, Al‐Marayati LA, Breton CV, Farzan SF. Maternal Dietary Patterns During Pregnancy Are Linked to Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy Among a Predominantly Low-Income US Hispanic/Latina Pregnancy Cohort. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e029848. [PMID: 38410940 PMCID: PMC10944043 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.029848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet during pregnancy may be a potential intervention for preventing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy that disproportionally burdens Hispanic/Latina women. METHODS AND RESULTS The MADRES (Maternal And Developmental Risks from Environmental and Social stressors) study (n=451) is a prospective pregnancy cohort of predominantly low-income Hispanic/Latina women in Los Angeles, California, who completed up to 2 staff-administered 24-hour dietary recalls in the third trimester of pregnancy. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were abstracted from medical records and based on a physician's diagnosis or systolic or diastolic blood pressure (≥140 or ≥90 mm Hg, respectively) at ≥2 consecutive prenatal visits. Using multivariable logistic regression, we evaluated associations of 2 previously derived dietary patterns in this population (solid fats, refined grains, and cheese and vegetables, oils, and fruit) and the Healthy Eating Index 2015 with (1) gestational hypertension, (2) preeclampsia, and (3) any hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (either gestational hypertension or preeclampsia). In separate models, we additionally tested interactions with prepregnancy body mass index. Comparing highest-to-lowest quartiles, the solid fats, refined grains, and cheese dietary pattern was associated with an increased odds of any hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (odds ratio [OR], 3.99 [95% CI, 1.44-11.0]; Ptrend=0.014) and preeclampsia (OR, 4.10 [95% CI, 1.25-13.5]; Ptrend=0.036), whereas the vegetables, oils, and fruit pattern was associated with reduced odds of preeclampsia (OR, 0.32 [95% CI, 0.10-0.99]; Ptrend=0.041). Among the overweight prepregnancy body mass index category, inverse associations of vegetables, oils, and fruit and Healthy Eating Index 2015 with preeclampsia were more pronounced (both Pinteractions=0.017). Healthy Eating Index 2015 findings were generally nonsignificant. CONCLUSIONS While the solid fats, refined grains, and cheese diet was strongly associated with preeclampsia during pregnancy, findings suggest the vegetables, oils, and fruit diet may be more relevant than Healthy Eating Index 2015 for preventing preeclampsia among low-income Hispanic/Latina women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E. Maldonado
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
| | - Theresa M. Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
| | | | - Genevieve F. Dunton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
| | - Rima Habre
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
| | - Sandrah P. Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
| | - Tingyu Yang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
| | - Brendan H. Grubbs
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyKeck School of MedicineLos AngelesCA
| | - Thomas Chavez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
| | | | - Carrie V. Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
| | - Shohreh F. Farzan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
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8
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Beglarian E, Costello E, Walker DI, Wang H, Alderete TL, Chen Z, Valvi D, Baumert BO, Rock S, Rubbo B, Aung MT, Gilliland FD, Goran MI, Jones DP, McConnell R, Eckel SP, Conti DV, Goodrich JA, Chatzi L. Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and longitudinal changes in bone mineral density in adolescents and young adults: A multi-cohort study. Environ Res 2024; 244:117611. [PMID: 38061983 PMCID: PMC10922273 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may impair bone development in adolescence, which impacts life-long bone health. No previous studies have examined prospective associations of individual PFAS and their mixture with bone mineral density (BMD) changes in Hispanic young persons, a population at high risk of osteoporosis in adulthood. OBJECTIVES To examine associations of individual PFAS and PFAS mixtures with longitudinal changes in BMD in an adolescent Hispanic cohort and examine generalizability of findings in a mixed-ethnicity young adult cohort (58.4% Hispanic). METHODS Overweight/obese adolescents from the Study of Latino Adolescents at Risk of Type 2 Diabetes (SOLAR; n = 304; mean follow-up = 1.4 years) and young adults from the Southern California Children's Health Study (CHS; n = 137; mean follow-up = 4.1 years) were included in this study. Plasma PFAS were measured at baseline and dual x-ray absorptiometry scans were performed at baseline and follow-up to measure BMD. We estimated longitudinal associations between BMD and five PFAS via separate covariate-adjusted linear mixed effects models, and between BMD and the PFAS mixture via quantile g-computation. RESULTS In SOLAR adolescents, baseline plasma perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) was associated with longitudinal changes in BMD. Each doubling of PFOS was associated with an average -0.003 g/cm2 difference in change in trunk BMD per year over follow-up (95% CI: -0.005, -0.0002). Associations with PFOS persisted in CHS young adults, where each doubling of plasma PFOS was associated with an average -0.032 g/cm2 difference in total BMD at baseline (95% CI -0.062, -0.003), though longitudinal associations were non-significant. We did not find associations of other PFAS with BMD; associations of the PFAS mixture with BMD outcomes were primarily negative though non-significant. DISCUSSION PFOS exposure was associated with lower BMD in adolescence and young adulthood, important periods for bone development, which may have implications on future bone health and risk of osteoporosis in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Beglarian
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Elizabeth Costello
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Douglas I Walker
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Hongxu Wang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tanya L Alderete
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Zhanghua Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Damaskini Valvi
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Brittney O Baumert
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sarah Rock
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Bruna Rubbo
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Max T Aung
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Frank D Gilliland
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michael I Goran
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, The Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Dean P Jones
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David V Conti
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jesse A Goodrich
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lida Chatzi
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Yin H, Sharma B, Hu H, Liu F, Kaur M, Cohen G, McConnell R, Eckel SP. Predicting the Climate Impact of Healthcare Facilities Using Gradient Boosting Machines. Clean Environ Syst 2024; 12:100155. [PMID: 38444563 PMCID: PMC10909736 DOI: 10.1016/j.cesys.2023.100155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Health care accounts for 9-10% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the United States. Strategies for monitoring these emissions at the hospital level are needed to decarbonize the sector. However, data collection to estimate emissions is challenging, especially for smaller hospitals. We explored the potential of gradient boosting machines (GBM) to impute missing data on resource consumption in the 2020 survey of a consortium of 283 hospitals participating in Practice Greenhealth. GBM imputed missing values for selected variables in order to predict electricity use and beef consumption (R2=0.82) and anesthetic gas desflurane use (R2=0.51), using administrative data readily available for most hospitals. After imputing missing consumption data, estimated GHG emissions associated with these three examples totaled over 3 million metric tons of CO2 equivalent emissions (MTCO2e). Specifically, electricity consumption had the largest total carbon footprint (2.4 MTCO2e), followed by beef (0.6 million MTCO2e) and desflurane consumption (0.03 million MTCO2e) across the 283 hospitals. The approach should be applicable to other sources of hospital GHGs in order to estimate total emissions of individual hospitals and to refine survey questions to help develop better intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yin
- Department of Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA, 90089
| | - Bhavna Sharma
- School of Architecture, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA, 90089
| | - Howard Hu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA, 90033
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA, 90033
| | - Mehak Kaur
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA, 90033
| | - Gary Cohen
- Health Care Without Harm, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 20190
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA, 90033
| | - Sandrah P. Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA, 90033
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10
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Li Y, Baumert BO, Costello E, Chen JC, Rock S, Stratakis N, Goodrich JA, Zhao Y, Eckel SP, Walker DI, Valvi D, La Merrill MA, McConnell R, Cortessis VK, Aung M, Wu H, Baccarelli A, Conti D, Chatzi L. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers and dysregulation of MicroRNA expression in humans and animals-A systematic review. Environ Res 2024; 244:117832. [PMID: 38056610 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are chemicals characterized by their environmental persistence. Evidence suggests that exposure to POPs, which is ubiquitous, is associated with microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation. miRNA are key regulators in many physiological processes. It is thus of public health concern to understand the relationships between POPs and miRNA as related to health outcomes. OBJECTIVES This systematic review evaluated the relationship between widely recognized, intentionally manufactured, POPs, including per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and organochlorine pesticides (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane [DDT], dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene [DDE], hexachlorobenzene [HCB]), with miRNA expression in both human and animal studies. METHODS We used PubMed and Embase to systematically search the literature up to September 29th, 2023. Search results for human and animal studies were included if they incorporated at least one POP of interest in relation to at least one miRNA. Data were synthesized to determine the direction and significance of associations between POPs and miRNA. We utilized ingenuity pathway analysis to review disease pathways for miRNA that were associated with POPs. RESULTS Our search identified 38 eligible studies: 9 in humans and 29 in model organisms. PFAS were associated with decreased expression of miR-19, miR-193b, and miR-92b, as well as increased expression of miR-128, miR-199a-3p, and miR-26b across species. PCBs were associated with increased expression of miR-15a, miR-1537, miR-21, miR-22-3p, miR-223, miR-30b, and miR-34a, as well as decreased expression of miR-130a and let-7b in both humans and animals. Pathway analysis for POP-associated miRNA identified pathways related to carcinogenesis. DISCUSSION This is the first systematic review of the association of POPs with miRNA in humans and model organisms. Large-scale prospective human studies are warranted to examine the role of miRNA as mediators between POPs and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Li
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Brittney O Baumert
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Costello
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jiawen Carmen Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Rock
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Jesse A Goodrich
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yinqi Zhao
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Douglas I Walker
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Damaskini Valvi
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michele A La Merrill
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Victoria K Cortessis
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Max Aung
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Haotian Wu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Conti
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lida Chatzi
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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11
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Yu X, Rahman MM, Carter SA, Lin JC, Chow T, Lurmann FW, Chen JC, Martinez MP, Schwartz J, Eckel SP, Chen Z, McConnell R, Xiang AH, Hackman DA. Neighborhood Disadvantage and Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Population With Health Insurance. JAMA Psychiatry 2024; 81:209-213. [PMID: 37966844 PMCID: PMC10652217 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.4347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Importance Family socioeconomic status has been associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnoses. Less is known regarding the role of neighborhood disadvantage in the United States, particularly when children have similar access to health insurance. Objective To evaluate the association between neighborhood disadvantage and the diagnosis of ASD and potential effect modification by maternal and child demographic characteristics. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study examined a retrospective birth cohort from Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC), an integrated health care system. Children born in 2001 to 2014 at KPSC were followed up through KPSC membership records. Electronic medical records were used to obtain an ASD diagnosis up to December 31, 2019, or the last follow-up. Data were analyzed from February 2022 to September 2023. Exposure Socioeconomic disadvantage at the neighborhood level, an index derived from 7 US census tract characteristics using principal component analysis. Main Outcomes and Measures Clinical ASD diagnosis based on electronic medical records. Associations between neighborhood disadvantage and ASD diagnosis were determined by hazard ratios (HRs) from Cox regression models adjusted for birth year, child sex, maternal age at delivery, parity, severe prepregnancy health conditions, maternal race and ethnicity, and maternal education. Effect modification by maternal race and ethnicity, maternal education, and child sex was assessed. Results Among 318 372 mothers with singleton deliveries during the study period, 6357 children had ASD diagnoses during follow-up; their median age at diagnosis was 3.53 years (IQR, 2.57-5.34 years). Neighborhood disadvantage was associated with a higher likelihood of ASD diagnosis (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02-1.11, per IQR = 2.70 increase). Children of mothers from minoritized racial and ethnic groups (African American or Black, Asian or Pacific Islander, Hispanic or Latinx groups) had increased likelihood of ASD diagnosis compared with children of White mothers. There was an interaction between maternal race and ethnicity and neighborhood disadvantage (difference in log-likelihood = 21.88; P < .001 for interaction under χ24); neighborhood disadvantage was only associated with ASD among children of White mothers (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.09-1.26, per IQR = 2.00 increase). Maternal education and child sex did not significantly modify the neighborhood-ASD association. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, children residing in more disadvantaged neighborhoods at birth had higher likelihood of ASD diagnosis among a population with health insurance. Future research is warranted to investigate the mechanisms behind the neighborhood-related disparities in ASD diagnosis, alongside efforts to provide resources for early intervention and family support in communities with a higher likelihood of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Spatial Science Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Md Mostafijur Rahman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Sarah A. Carter
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena
| | - Jane C. Lin
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena
| | - Ting Chow
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena
| | | | - Jiu-Chiuan Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Mayra P. Martinez
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sandrah P. Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Zhanghua Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Anny H. Xiang
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena
| | - Daniel A. Hackman
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
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12
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Hernandez-Castro I, Eckel SP, Chen X, Yang T, Vigil MJ, Foley HB, Kannan K, Robinson M, Grubbs B, Lerner D, Lurvey N, Al-Marayati L, Habre R, Dunton GF, Farzan SF, Aung MT, Breton CV, Bastain TM. Prenatal exposures to organophosphate ester metabolites and early motor development in the MADRES cohort. Environ Pollut 2024; 342:123131. [PMID: 38092343 PMCID: PMC10872268 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are increasingly considered neurotoxicants which may impact gross and fine motor development. We evaluated associations between prenatal OPE exposures and infant motor development. Third trimester urinary concentrations of nine OPE metabolites were measured in 329 mother-infant dyads participating in the Maternal And Developmental Risks from Environmental and Social Stressors (MADRES) cohort. Child gross and fine motor development at 6, 9, 12, and 18-months were assessed with the Ages and Stages Questionnaire-3 (ASQ-3) and operationalized in models using dichotomous instrument-specific cutoffs for typical motor development. Five OPE metabolites with >60% detection were specific-gravity-adjusted, natural log-transformed, and modeled continuously, while four metabolites with <60% detection were modeled dichotomously (detected/not-detected). We fit mixed effects logistic regression between OPE metabolites and fine/gross motor development and assessed sex-specific effects using a statistical interaction term and sex-stratified models. Among children, 31% and 23% had gross and fine motor scores, respectively, below the ASQ-3 at-risk cutoffs at least once across infancy. A doubling in prenatal diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) exposure was associated with 26% increased odds of potential fine motor delays (ORfine = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.57, p = 0.04). We also observed significant interactions by infant sex for associations of detected dipropyl phosphate (DPRP) with gross motor development (pinteraction = 0.048) and detected bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPP) with fine motor development (pinteraction = 0.02). Females had greater odds of potential motor delays for both detected DPRP (females vs males ORgross (95% CI) = 1.48 (0.71, 3.09), p = 0.30 vs 0.27 (0.06, 1.29), p = 0.10) and detected BCIPP (females vs males ORfine (95% CI) = 2.72 (1.27, 5.85), p = 0.01 vs 0.76 (0.31, 1.90), p = 0.56). There were no other significant associations between other metabolites and motor development, despite similar patterns. We found evidence of adverse effects of prenatal OPE exposures on infant motor development with greater adverse effects among female infants with some OPE metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ixel Hernandez-Castro
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xinci Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tingyu Yang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mario J Vigil
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Helen B Foley
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Morgan Robinson
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Brendan Grubbs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Laila Al-Marayati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rima Habre
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Genevieve F Dunton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shohreh F Farzan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Max T Aung
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carrie V Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Theresa M Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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13
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Corona K, Yang T, Dunton G, Toledo-Corral C, Grubbs B, Eckel SP, Johnston J, Chavez T, Lerner D, Lurvey N, Al-Marayati L, Habre R, Farzan SF, Breton CV, Bastain TM. The Role of Social Support and Acculturation Factors on Postpartum Mental Health Among Latinas in the MADRES Pregnancy Cohort. J Immigr Minor Health 2024; 26:72-80. [PMID: 37897652 PMCID: PMC10771371 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-023-01542-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
We examined the associations between social support and postpartum mental health in 137 U.S. and foreign-born Latinas in the MADRES pregnancy cohort. We also examined whether language, years in the U.S., and country of birth moderates these relationships. Participants were administered PROMIS support measures 1 month postpartum; the Perceived Stress and Postpartum Distress Measure 3, 6, and 12 months postpartum; and the CESD scale 12 months postpartum. Perceived stress was lower at 6 months postpartum for women reporting higher emotional (p = 0.01), informational (p = 0.03), and instrumental support (p < 0.001); and lower at 12 months postpartum for women reporting higher emotional support (p = 0.01). Distress at 6 months was lower in women reporting higher emotional support (p = 0.03). Interactions suggest that associations were stronger for mothers that speak Spanish, spent fewer years in the U.S., and were born in Central America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Corona
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Tingyu Yang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Genevieve Dunton
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Claudia Toledo-Corral
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Brendan Grubbs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jill Johnston
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Chavez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Laila Al-Marayati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rima Habre
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shohreh F Farzan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carrie V Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Theresa M Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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14
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Li YJ, Baumert BO, Stratakis N, Goodrich JA, Wu HT, He JX, Zhao YQ, Aung MT, Wang HX, Eckel SP, Walker DI, Valvi D, La Merrill MA, Ryder JR, Inge TH, Jenkins T, Sisley S, Kohli R, Xanthakos SA, Baccarelli AA, McConnell R, Conti DV, Chatzi L. Circulating microRNA expression and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in adolescents with severe obesity. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:332-345. [PMID: 38313232 PMCID: PMC10835537 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i4.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases in children and adolescents. NAFLD ranges in severity from isolated hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), wherein hepatocellular inflammation and/or fibrosis coexist with steatosis. Circulating microRNA (miRNA) levels have been suggested to be altered in NAFLD, but the extent to which miRNA are related to NAFLD features remains unknown. This analysis tested the hypothesis that plasma miRNAs are significantly associated with histological features of NAFLD in adolescents. AIM To investigate the relationship between plasma miRNA expression and NAFLD features among adolescents with NAFLD. METHODS This study included 81 adolescents diagnosed with NAFLD and 54 adolescents without NAFLD from the Teen-Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery study. Intra-operative core liver biopsies were collected from participants and used to characterize histological features of NAFLD. Plasma samples were collected during surgery for miRNA profiling. A total of 843 plasma miRNAs were profiled using the HTG EdgeSeq platform. We examined associations of plasma miRNAs and NAFLD features using logistic regression after adjusting for age, sex, race, and other key covariates. Ingenuity Pathways Analysis was used to identify biological functions of miRNAs that were associated with multiple histological features of NAFLD. RESULTS We identified 16 upregulated plasma miRNAs, including miR-193a-5p and miR-193b-5p, and 22 downregulated plasma miRNAs, including miR-1282 and miR-6734-5p, in adolescents with NAFLD. Moreover, 52, 16, 15, and 9 plasma miRNAs were associated with NASH, fibrosis, ballooning degeneration, and lobular inflammation, respectively. Collectively, 16 miRNAs were associated with two or more histological features of NAFLD. Among those miRNAs, miR-411-5p was downregulated in NASH, ballooning, and fibrosis, while miR-122-5p, miR-1343-5p, miR-193a-5p, miR-193b-5p, and miR-7845-5p were consistently and positively associated with all histological features of NAFLD. Pathway analysis revealed that most common pathways of miRNAs associated with multiple NAFLD features have been associated with tumor progression, while we also identified linkages between miR-122-5p and hepatitis C virus and between miR-199b-5p and chronic hepatitis B. CONCLUSION Plasma miRNAs were associated with NAFLD features in adolescent with severe obesity. Larger studies with more heterogeneous NAFLD phenotypes are needed to evaluate miRNAs as potential biomarkers of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jie Li
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States
| | - Brittney O Baumert
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States
| | - Nikos Stratakis
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health, Barcelona Institute of Global Health, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Jesse A Goodrich
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States
| | - Hao-Tian Wu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Jing-Xuan He
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States
| | - Yin-Qi Zhao
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States
| | - Max T Aung
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States
| | - Hong-Xu Wang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States
| | - Douglas I Walker
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States
| | - Damaskini Valvi
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Michele A La Merrill
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Justin R Ryder
- Department of Surgery, Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Thomas H Inge
- Department of Surgery, Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Todd Jenkins
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Stephanie Sisley
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Nutrition Research Center USDA/ARS, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Rohit Kohli
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, United States
| | - Stavra A Xanthakos
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States
| | - David V Conti
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States
| | - Lida Chatzi
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States
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15
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Tackett AP, Urman R, Barrington-Trimis J, Liu F, Hong H, Pentz MA, Islam TS, Eckel SP, Rebuli M, Leventhal A, Samet JM, Berhane K, McConnell R. Prospective study of e-cigarette use and respiratory symptoms in adolescents and young adults. Thorax 2024; 79:163-168. [PMID: 37582630 DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2022-218670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) aerosol contains volatile aldehydes, including flavourings and oxidant metals with known pulmonary toxicity. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the associations of e-cigarette use with symptoms of wheeze, bronchitic symptoms and shortness of breath (SOB) across 4 years of prospective data. METHODS Participants completed questionnaires on respiratory symptoms and past 30-day e-cigarette, cigarette and cannabis use in 2014 (wave 1; N=2094; mean age 17.3 years, SD=0.6 years). Follow-up information was collected in 2015 (wave 2; n=1609), 2017 (wave 3; n=1502) and 2018 (wave 4; n=1637) using online surveys. Mixed-effects logistic regression models evaluated associations of e-cigarette use with respiratory symptoms. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Participants were mostly Hispanic white (51.8%) and evenly representative by sex (49.6% female; 50.4% male). Compared with never e-cigarette users, past 30-day e-cigarette users reported increased odds of wheeze (OR 1.81; 95% CI 1.28, 2.56), bronchitic symptoms (OR 2.06; 95% CI 1.58, 2.69) and SOB (OR 1.78; 95% CI 1.23, 2.57), adjusting for study wave, age, sex, race, lifetime asthma diagnosis and parental education. Effect estimates were attenuated (wheeze (OR 1.41; 95% CI 0.99, 2.01), bronchitic symptoms (OR 1.55; 95% CI 1.18, 2.05), SOB (OR 1.48; 95% CI 1.01, 2.18)), after adjusting additionally for current cigarette use, cannabis use and secondhand exposure to e-cigarettes/cigarettes/cannabis. CONCLUSIONS E-cigarette use in young adults was associated with respiratory symptoms, independent of combustible cannabis and cigarette exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alayna P Tackett
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Center for Tobacco Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert Urman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jessica Barrington-Trimis
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Feifei Liu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hanna Hong
- Division of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California, USA
| | - Mary Ann Pentz
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Talat S Islam
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Meghan Rebuli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Adam Leventhal
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jonathan M Samet
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kiros Berhane
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
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16
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Chen JC, Baumert BO, Li Y, Li Y, Pan S, Robinson S, Rubbo B, Costello E, He J, Hampson H, Beglarian E, Rock S, Goodrich JA, Eckel SP, Aung MT, McConnell R, Conti DV, Chatzi L. Associations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers with oxidative stress markers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Res 2023; 239:117308. [PMID: 37813138 PMCID: PMC10841434 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are intentionally produced persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that are resistant to environmental degradation. Previous in-vitro and in-vivo studies have shown that POPs can induce oxidative stress, which is linked to neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. However, findings in epidemiological studies are inconsistent and an evidence synthesis study is lacking to summarize the existing literature and explore research gaps. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the effects of PFAS, PCBs, OCPs, and PBDEs, on oxidative stress biomarkers in epidemiological studies. METHODS A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL to identify all published studies related to POPs and oxidative stress up to December 7th, 2022. We included human observational studies reporting at least one exposure to POPs and an oxidative stress biomarker of interest. Random-effects meta-analyses on standardized regression coefficients and effect direction plots with one-tailed sign tests were used for quantitative synthesis. RESULTS We identified 33 studies on OCPs, 35 on PCBs, 49 on PFAS, and 12 on PBDEs. Meta-analyses revealed significant positive associations of α-HCH with protein carbonyls (0.035 [0.017, 0.054]) and of 4'4-DDE with malondialdehyde (0.121 [0.056, 0.187]), as well as a significant negative association between 2'4-DDE and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (-0.042 [-0.079, -0.004]), all β [95%CI]. Sign tests showed a significant positive association between PCBs and malondialdehyde (pone-tailed = 0.03). Additionally, we found significant negative associations of OCPs with acetylcholine esterase (pone-tailed = 0.02) and paraoxonase-1 (pone-tailed = 0.03). However, there were inconsistent associations of OCPs with superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of OCPs were associated with increased levels of oxidative stress through increased pro-oxidant biomarkers involving protein oxidation, DNA damage, and lipid peroxidation, as well as decreased TAC. These findings have the potential to reveal the underlying mechanisms of POPs toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Carmen Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Brittney O Baumert
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yijie Li
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yiping Li
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shudi Pan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shante Robinson
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Bruna Rubbo
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Costello
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jie He
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Hailey Hampson
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Emily Beglarian
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sarah Rock
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jesse A Goodrich
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Max T Aung
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David V Conti
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lida Chatzi
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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17
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Harlow AF, Han DH, Eckel SP, McConnell R, Leventhal AM, Barrington-Trimis JL. The interaction of e-cigarette use and mental health symptoms on risk of cigarette smoking initiation among young adults in the United States. Addiction 2023; 118:2317-2326. [PMID: 37620973 PMCID: PMC10783200 DOI: 10.1111/add.16319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS It is unknown whether young adults who vape nicotine and have poor mental health have greater risk of smoking initiation than expected based on individual risks of vaping and mental health alone. This study aimed to estimate the joint association of vaping and mental health symptoms with smoking initiation among young adults, and test for additive interaction between vaping and mental health in smoking initiation risk. DESIGN Using five waves of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (wave 1, 2013-2014; wave 2, 2014-2015; wave 3, 2015-2016; wave 4, 2016-2018; wave 5, 2018-2019), we estimated risk differences (RD) for the association of time-varying and time-lagged vaping and internalizing (e.g., anxiety, depressive) and externalizing (e.g., inattention/hyperactivity) mental health symptoms with cigarette smoking initiation at follow-up, over four 1-year intervals. We calculated interaction contrasts (IC) to estimate the excess risk of smoking initiation attributable to the interaction of vaping and mental health symptoms. SETTING United States. PARTICIPANTS A total of 6908 cigarette-naïve individuals aged 18-24 years. MEASUREMENTS Exposures included current (past-30 day) vaping and internalizing and externalizing mental health symptoms (high vs moderate/low symptoms). The outcome was smoking initiation (ever cigarette use) after 1 year. FINDINGS The per-interval risk of smoking initiation was 7.6% (1039 cases/13 712 person-intervals). Compared with noncurrent vaping and moderate/low mental health symptoms, adjusted RDs for current vaping and high mental health symptoms were 17.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.2% to 27.3%) for internalizing and 18.7% (95%CI: 8.1% to 29.2%) for externalizing symptoms. The excess risk attributed to interaction of current vaping and high externalizing symptoms was IC = 11.3% (95%CI: 1.3% to 21.2%; P = 0.018), with inconclusive findings for internalizing symptoms (IC = 7.7% [95%CI: -2.2% to 17.7%; P = 0.097]). CONCLUSIONS There is possible, but inconclusive, superadditivity between vaping and mental health in risk of smoking initiation among young adults in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa F. Harlow
- University of Southern California, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Institute for Addiction Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dae-Hee Han
- University of Southern California, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Institute for Addiction Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandrah P. Eckel
- University of Southern California, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Institute for Addiction Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rob McConnell
- University of Southern California, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Institute for Addiction Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adam M. Leventhal
- University of Southern California, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Institute for Addiction Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jessica L. Barrington-Trimis
- University of Southern California, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Institute for Addiction Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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18
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Kamai EM, Ruiz BC, Van Horne YO, Barahona DD, Bejarano E, Olmedo L, Eckel SP, Johnston JE, Farzan SF. Agricultural burning in Imperial Valley, California and respiratory symptoms in children: A cross-sectional, repeated measures analysis. Sci Total Environ 2023; 901:165854. [PMID: 37516194 PMCID: PMC10592232 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Burning of agricultural fields is an understudied source of air pollution in rural communities in the United States. Smoke from agricultural burning contains air toxics that adversely impact respiratory health. Imperial County in southeastern California is a highly productive agricultural valley that heavily employs agricultural burning to clear post-harvest crop remnants. We related individual-level exposure to agricultural burns to parent-reported respiratory symptoms in children. We leveraged the Children's Assessing Imperial Valley Respiratory Health and the Environment (AIRE) cohort of 735 predominantly Hispanic low-income elementary school students in Imperial County. Parents reported children's respiratory health symptoms and family demographic characteristics in questionnaires collected at enrollment and in annual follow-up assessments from 2017 to 2019. Permitted agricultural burns in Imperial County from 2016 to 2019 were spatially linked to children's geocoded residential addresses. We used generalized estimating equations to evaluate prevalence differences (PDs) in respiratory symptoms with increasing exposure to agricultural burning within 3 km in the 12 months prior to each assessment. Nearly half of children (346, 49 %) lived within 3 km of at least one agricultural burn in the year prior to study enrollment. In adjusted models, each additional day of agricultural burning in the prior year was associated with a one percentage point higher prevalence of wheezing (PD 1.1 %; 95 % CI 0.2 %, 2.0 %) and higher bronchitic symptoms (PD 1.0 %; 95 % CI -0.2 %, 2.1 %). Children exposed to four or more days of burning had an absolute increased prevalence of wheezing and bronchitic symptoms of 5.9 % (95 % CI -0.3 %, 12 %) and 5.6 % (95 % CI -1.8 %, 13 %), respectively, compared to no burn exposure. Associations with wheezing were stronger among children with asthma (PD 14 %; 95 % CI -1.4 %, 29 %). To our knowledge, this is the first U.S. study of agricultural burning and children's respiratory health. This work suggests that reducing agricultural burning could improve children's respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Kamai
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Brandyn C Ruiz
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yoshira Ornelas Van Horne
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dayane Duenas Barahona
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jill E Johnston
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shohreh F Farzan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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19
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Malin AJ, Hu H, Martínez-Mier EA, Eckel SP, Farzan SF, Howe CG, Funk W, Meeker JD, Habre R, Bastain TM, Breton CV. Urinary fluoride levels and metal co-exposures among pregnant women in Los Angeles, California. Environ Health 2023; 22:74. [PMID: 37880740 PMCID: PMC10601173 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-023-01026-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluoride is ubiquitous in the United States (US); however, data on biomarkers and patterns of fluoride exposure among US pregnant women are scarce. We examined specific gravity adjusted maternal urinary fluoride (MUFsg) in relation to sociodemographic variables and metal co-exposures among pregnant women in Los Angeles, California. METHODS Participants were from the Maternal and Developmental Risks from Environmental and Social Stressors (MADRES) cohort. There were 293 and 490 women with MUFsg measured during first and third trimesters, respectively. An intra-class correlation coefficient examined consistency of MUFsg between trimesters. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests examined associations of MUFsg with sociodemographic variables. Covariate adjusted linear regression examined associations of MUFsg with blood metals and specific gravity adjusted urine metals among a subsample of participants within and between trimesters. A False Discovery Rate (FDR) correction accounted for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Median (IQR) MUFsg was 0.65 (0.5) mg/L and 0.8 (0.59) mg/L, during trimesters one and three respectively. During both trimesters, MUFsg was higher among older participants, those with higher income, and White, non-Hispanic participants than Hispanic participants. MUFsg was also higher for White, non-Hispanic participants than for Black, non-Hispanic participants in trimester three, and for those with graduate training in trimester one. MUFsg was negatively associated with blood mercury in trimester one and positively associated with blood lead in trimester three. MUFsg was positively associated with various urinary metals, including antimony, barium, cadmium, cobalt, copper, lead, nickel, tin, and zinc in trimesters one and/or three. CONCLUSIONS MUFsg levels observed were comparable to those found in pregnant women in Mexico and Canada that have been associated with poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes. Lower urinary fluoride levels among Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black participants in MADRES compared to non-Hispanic White participants may reflect lower tap water consumption or lower fluoride exposure from other sources. Additional research is needed to examine whether MUFsg levels observed among pregnant women in the US are associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley J Malin
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, 32603, USA.
| | - Howard Hu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9239, USA
| | - E Angeles Martínez-Mier
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, Indiana University, 1121 W. Michigan St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202-2876, USA
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9239, USA
| | - Shohreh F Farzan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9239, USA
| | - Caitlin G Howe
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Medical Center Drive, Williamson Translational Research Building, 7th Floor, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
| | - William Funk
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 680 N Lake Shore Dr Ste 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1420 Washington Hts, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Rima Habre
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9239, USA
| | - Theresa M Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9239, USA
| | - Carrie V Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9239, USA
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20
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Hernandez-Castro I, Eckel SP, Howe CG, Niu Z, Kannan K, Robinson M, Foley HB, Yang T, Vigil MJ, Chen X, Grubbs B, Lerner D, Lurvey N, Al-Marayati L, Habre R, Dunton GF, Farzan SF, Aung MT, Breton CV, Bastain TM. Prenatal exposures to organophosphate ester metabolite mixtures and children's neurobehavioral outcomes in the MADRES pregnancy cohort. Environ Health 2023; 22:66. [PMID: 37737180 PMCID: PMC10515433 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-023-01017-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests organophosphate esters (OPEs) are neurotoxic; however, the epidemiological literature remains scarce. We investigated whether prenatal exposures to OPEs were associated with child neurobehavior in the MADRES cohort. METHODS We measured nine OPE metabolites in 204 maternal urine samples (gestational age at collection: 31.4 ± 1.8 weeks). Neurobehavior problems were assessed among 36-month-old children using the Child Behavior Checklist's (CBCL) three composite scales [internalizing, externalizing, and total problems]. We examined associations between tertiles of prenatal OPE metabolites (> 50% detection) and detect/non-detect categories (< 50% detection) and CBCL composite scales using linear regression and generalized additive models. We also examined mixtures for widely detected OPEs (n = 5) using Bayesian kernel machine regression. RESULTS Maternal participants with detectable versus non-detectable levels of bis(2-methylphenyl) phosphate (BMPP) had children with 42% (95% CI: 4%, 96%) higher externalizing, 45% (-2%, 114%) higher internalizing, and 35% (3%, 78%) higher total problems. Participants in the second versus first tertile of bis(butoxethyl) phosphate (BBOEP) had children with 43% (-1%, 109%) higher externalizing scores. Bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPP) and child sex had a statistically significant interaction in internalizing (p = 0.02) and total problems (p = 0.03) models, with 120% (23%, 295%) and 57% (6%, 134%) higher scores in the third versus first BCIPP tertile among males. Among females, detectable vs non-detectable levels of prenatal BMPP were associated with 69% higher externalizing scores (5%, 170%) while the third versus first tertile of prenatal BBOEP was associated with 45% lower total problems (-68%, -6%). Although the metabolite mixture and each CBCL outcome had null associations, we observed marginal associations between di-n-butyl phosphate and di-isobutyl phosphate (DNBP + DIBP) and higher internalizing scores (0.15; 95% CrI: -0.02, 0.32), holding other metabolites at their median. CONCLUSIONS Our results generally suggest adverse and sex-specific effects of prenatal exposure to previously understudied OPEs on neurobehavioral outcomes in 36-month children, providing evidence of potential OPE neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ixel Hernandez-Castro
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caitlin G Howe
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Zhongzheng Niu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Morgan Robinson
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Helen B Foley
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tingyu Yang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mario J Vigil
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xinci Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brendan Grubbs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Laila Al-Marayati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rima Habre
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Genevieve F Dunton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shohreh F Farzan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Max T Aung
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carrie V Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Theresa M Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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21
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Ji N, Johnson M, Eckel SP, Gauderman WJ, Chavez TA, Berhane K, Faham D, Lurmann F, Pavlovic NR, Grubbs BH, Lerner D, Habre R, Farzan SF, Bastain TM, Breton CV. Prenatal ambient air pollution exposure and child weight trajectories from the 3rd trimester of pregnancy to 2 years of age: a cohort study. BMC Med 2023; 21:341. [PMID: 37674158 PMCID: PMC10483706 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03050-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal air pollution exposure may increase risk for childhood obesity. However, few studies have evaluated in utero growth measures and infant weight trajectories. This study will evaluate the associations of prenatal exposure to ambient air pollutants with weight trajectories from the 3rd trimester through age 2 years. METHODS We studied 490 pregnant women who were recruited from the Maternal and Development Risks from Environmental and Social Stressors (MADRES) cohort, which comprises a low-income, primarily Hispanic population in Los Angeles, California. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter < 10 µm (PM10), particulate matter < 2.5 µm (PM2.5), and ozone (O3) concentrations during pregnancy were estimated from regulatory air monitoring stations. Fetal weight was estimated from maternal ultrasound records. Infant/child weight measurements were extracted from medical records or measured during follow-up visits. Piecewise spline models were used to assess the effect of air pollutants on weight, overall growth, and growth during each period. RESULTS The mean (SD) prenatal exposure concentrations for NO2, PM2.5, PM10, and O3 were 16.4 (2.9) ppb, 12.0 (1.1) μg/m3, 28.5 (4.7) μg/m3, and 26.2 (2.9) ppb, respectively. Comparing an increase in prenatal average air pollutants from the 10th to the 90th percentile, the growth rate from the 3rd trimester to age 3 months was significantly increased (1.55% [95%CI 1.20%, 1.99%] for PM2.5 and 1.64% [95%CI 1.27%, 2.13%] for NO2), the growth rate from age 6 months to age 2 years was significantly decreased (0.90% [95%CI 0.82%, 1.00%] for NO2), and the attained weight at age 2 years was significantly lower (- 7.50% [95% CI - 13.57%, - 1.02%] for PM10 and - 7.00% [95% CI - 11.86%, - 1.88%] for NO2). CONCLUSIONS Prenatal ambient air pollution was associated with variable changes in growth rate and attained weight from the 3rd trimester to age 2 years. These results suggest continued public health benefits of reducing ambient air pollution levels, particularly in marginalized populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Ji
- Division of Environmental Health, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto St, MC 9239, Los Angeles, CA, 90039, USA
| | | | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Division of Environmental Health, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto St, MC 9239, Los Angeles, CA, 90039, USA
| | - William J Gauderman
- Division of Environmental Health, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto St, MC 9239, Los Angeles, CA, 90039, USA
| | - Thomas A Chavez
- Division of Environmental Health, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto St, MC 9239, Los Angeles, CA, 90039, USA
| | - Kiros Berhane
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Dema Faham
- Division of Environmental Health, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto St, MC 9239, Los Angeles, CA, 90039, USA
| | - Fred Lurmann
- Sonoma Technology Inc., Petaluma, CA, 94954, USA
| | | | - Brendan H Grubbs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | | | - Rima Habre
- Division of Environmental Health, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto St, MC 9239, Los Angeles, CA, 90039, USA
| | - Shohreh F Farzan
- Division of Environmental Health, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto St, MC 9239, Los Angeles, CA, 90039, USA
| | - Theresa M Bastain
- Division of Environmental Health, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto St, MC 9239, Los Angeles, CA, 90039, USA
| | - Carrie V Breton
- Division of Environmental Health, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto St, MC 9239, Los Angeles, CA, 90039, USA.
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22
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Niu Z, Habre R, Yang T, Grubbs BH, Eckel SP, Toledo-Corral CM, Johnston J, Dunton GF, Lurvey N, Al-Marayati L, Lurmann F, Pavlovic N, Bastain TM, Breton CV, Farzan SF. Preconceptional and prenatal exposure to air pollutants and risk of gestational diabetes in the MADRES prospective pregnancy cohort study. Lancet Reg Health Am 2023; 25:100575. [PMID: 37727593 PMCID: PMC10505827 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2023.100575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Air pollution has been associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We aim to investigate susceptible windows of air pollution exposure and factors determining population vulnerability. Methods We ascertained GDM status in the prospective Maternal and Developmental Risks from Environmental and Social Stressors (MADRES) pregnancy cohort from Los Angeles, California, USA. We calculated the relative risk of GDM by exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM10; PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) in each week from 12 weeks before to 24 weeks after conception, adjusting for potential confounders, with distributed lag models to identify susceptible exposure windows. We examined effect modification by prenatal depression, median-split pre-pregnancy BMI (ppBMI) and age. Findings Sixty (9.7%) participants were diagnosed with GDM among 617 participants (mean age: 28.2 years, SD: 5.9; 78.6% Hispanic, 11.8% non-Hispanic Black). GDM risk increased with exposure to PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 in a periconceptional window ranging from 5 weeks before to 5 weeks after conception: interquartile-range increases in PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 during this window were associated with increased GDM risk by 5.7% (95% CI: 4.6-6.8), 8.9% (8.1-9.6), and 15.0% (13.9-16.2), respectively. These sensitive windows generally widened, with greater effects, among those with prenatal depression, with age ≥28 years, or with ppBMI ≥27.5 kg/m2, than their counterparts. Interpretation Preconception and early-pregnancy are susceptible windows of air pollutants exposure that increased GDM risk. Prenatal depression, higher age, or higher ppBMI may increase one's vulnerability to air pollution-associated GDM risk. Funding National Institutes of Health, Environmental Protection Agency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzheng Niu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rima Habre
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tingyu Yang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brendan H. Grubbs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandrah P. Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Claudia M. Toledo-Corral
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Jill Johnston
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Genevieve F. Dunton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Laila Al-Marayati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Theresa M. Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carrie V. Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shohreh F. Farzan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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23
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Yu X, Mostafijur Rahman M, Carter SA, Lin JC, Zhuang Z, Chow T, Lurmann FW, Kleeman MJ, Martinez MP, van Donkelaar A, Martin RV, Eckel SP, Chen Z, Levitt P, Schwartz J, Hackman D, Chen JC, McConnell R, Xiang AH. Prenatal air pollution, maternal immune activation, and autism spectrum disorder. Environ Int 2023; 179:108148. [PMID: 37595536 PMCID: PMC10792527 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) risk is highly heritable, with potential additional non-genetic factors, such as prenatal exposure to ambient particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and maternal immune activation (MIA) conditions. Because these exposures may share common biological effect pathways, we hypothesized that synergistic associations of prenatal air pollution and MIA-related conditions would increase ASD risk in children. OBJECTIVES This study examined interactions between MIA-related conditions and prenatal PM2.5 or major PM2.5 components on ASD risk. METHODS In a population-based pregnancy cohort of children born between 2001 and 2014 in Southern California, 318,751 mother-child pairs were followed through electronic medical records (EMR); 4,559 children were diagnosed with ASD before age 5. Four broad categories of MIA-related conditions were classified, including infection, hypertension, maternal asthma, and autoimmune conditions. Average exposures to PM2.5 and four PM2.5 components, black carbon (BC), organic matter (OM), nitrate (NO3-), and sulfate (SO42-), were estimated at maternal residential addresses during pregnancy. We estimated the ASD risk associated with MIA-related conditions, air pollution, and their interactions, using Cox regression models to adjust for covariates. RESULTS ASD risk was associated with MIA-related conditions [infection (hazard ratio 1.11; 95% confidence interval 1.05-1.18), hypertension (1.30; 1.19-1.42), maternal asthma (1.22; 1.08-1.38), autoimmune disease (1.19; 1.09-1.30)], with higher pregnancy PM2.5 [1.07; 1.03-1.12 per interquartile (3.73 μg/m3) increase] and with all four PM2.5 components. However, there were no interactions of each category of MIA-related conditions with PM2.5 or its components on either multiplicative or additive scales. CONCLUSIONS MIA-related conditions and pregnancy PM2.5 were independently associations with ASD risk. There were no statistically significant interactions of MIA conditions and prenatal PM2.5 exposure with ASD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Spatial Science Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Md Mostafijur Rahman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, USA
| | - Sarah A Carter
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jane C Lin
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Zimin Zhuang
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Ting Chow
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael J Kleeman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA,USA
| | - Mayra P Martinez
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Aaron van Donkelaar
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Randall V Martin
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhanghua Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pat Levitt
- Department of Pediatrics and Program in Developmental Neuroscience and Neurogenetics, Keck School of Medicine, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Hackman
- USC Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jiu-Chiuan Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anny H Xiang
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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24
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Carter SA, Rahman MM, Lin JC, Chow T, Yu X, Martinez MP, Levitt P, Chen Z, Chen JC, Eckel SP, Schwartz J, Lurmann FW, Kleeman MJ, McConnell R, Xiang AH. Maternal exposure to aircraft emitted ultrafine particles during pregnancy and likelihood of ASD in children. Environ Int 2023; 178:108061. [PMID: 37454628 PMCID: PMC10472925 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence for adverse health effects associated with aircraft-emitted particulate matter (PM) exposures, which are largely in the ultrafine (PM0.1) size fraction, but no previous study has examined neurodevelopmental outcomes. OBJECTIVE To assess associations between maternal exposure to aircraft ultrafine particles (UFP) during pregnancy and offspring autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis. METHODS This large, representative cohort study included 370,723 singletons born in a single healthcare system. Demographic data, maternal health information, and child's ASD diagnosis by age 5 were extracted from electronic medical records. Aircraft exposure estimates for PM0.1 were generated by the University of California Davis/California Institute of Technology Source Oriented Chemical Transport model. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess associations between maternal exposure to aircraft PM0·1 in pregnancy and ASD diagnosis, controlling for covariates. RESULTS Over the course of follow-up, 4,554 children (1.4 %) were diagnosed with ASD. Increased risk of ASD was associated with maternal exposure to aircraft PM0.1 [hazard ratio, HR: 1.02, (95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.03) per IQR = 0.02 µg/m3 increase during pregnancy. Associations were robust to adjustment for total PM0.1 and fine particulate matter (PM2.5), near-roadway air pollution, and other covariates. Noise adjustment modestly attenuated estimates of UFP effects, which remained statistically significant. DISCUSSION The results strengthen the emerging evidence that maternal particulate matter exposure during pregnancy is associated with offspring ASD diagnosis and identify aircraft-derived PM0.1 as novel targets for further study and potential regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Carter
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Md Mostafijur Rahman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jane C Lin
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Ting Chow
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Xin Yu
- Spatial Science Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mayra P Martinez
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Pat Levitt
- Department of Pediatrics and Program in Developmental Neuroscience and Neurogenetics, Keck School of Medicine, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhanghua Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jiu-Chiuan Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Michael J Kleeman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anny H Xiang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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25
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Hernandez-Castro I, Eckel SP, Howe CG, Niu Z, Kannan K, Robinson M, Foley HB, Grubbs B, Al-Marayati L, Lerner D, Lurvey N, Aung MT, Habre R, Dunton GF, Farzan SF, Breton CV, Bastain TM. Sex-specific effects of prenatal organophosphate ester (OPE) metabolite mixtures and adverse infant birth outcomes in the maternal and developmental risks from environmental and social stressors (MADRES) pregnancy cohort. Environ Res 2023; 226:115703. [PMID: 36934865 PMCID: PMC10101931 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are used as flame retardants and plasticizers in various consumer products. Limited prior research suggests sex-specific effects of prenatal OPE exposures on fetal development. We evaluated overall and sex-specific associations between prenatal OPE exposures and gestational age (GA) at birth and birthweight for gestational age (BW for GA) z-scores among the predominately low-income, Hispanic MADRES cohort. METHODS Nine OPE metabolite concentrations were measured in 421 maternal urine samples collected during a third trimester visit (GA = 31.5 ± 2.0 weeks). We examined associations between single urinary OPE metabolites and GA at birth and BW for GA z-scores using linear regression models and Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) and effects from OPE mixtures using Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR). We also assessed sex-specific differences in single metabolite analyses by evaluating statistical interactions and stratifying by sex. RESULTS We did not find significant associations between individual OPE metabolites and birth outcomes in the full infant sample; however, we found that higher bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP) was associated with earlier GA at birth among male infants (p = 0.04), and a nonlinear, inverted U-shape association between the sum of dibutyl phosphate and di-isobutyl phosphate (DNBP + DIBP) and GA at birth among female infants (p = 0.03). In mixtures analysis, higher OPE metabolite mixture exposures was associated with lower GA at birth, which was primarily driven by female infants. No associations were observed between OPE mixtures and BW for GA z-scores. CONCLUSION Higher BDCIPP and DNBP + DIBP concentrations were associated with earlier GA at birth among male and female infants, respectively. Higher exposure to OPE mixtures was associated with earlier GA at birth, particularly among female infants. However, we saw no associations between prenatal OPEs and BW for GA. Our results suggest sex-specific impacts of prenatal OPE exposures on GA at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ixel Hernandez-Castro
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caitlin G Howe
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Zhongzheng Niu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Morgan Robinson
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Helen B Foley
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brendan Grubbs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laila Al-Marayati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Max T Aung
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rima Habre
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Genevieve F Dunton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shohreh F Farzan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carrie V Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Theresa M Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Rahman MM, Lorenzo M, Ban-Weiss G, Hasan Z, Azzouz M, Eckel SP, Conti DV, Lurmann F, Schlaerth H, Johnston J, Ko J, Palinkas L, Hurlburt M, Silva S, Gauderman WJ, McConnell R, Garcia E. Ambient temperature and air pollution associations with suicide and homicide mortality in California: A statewide case-crossover study. Sci Total Environ 2023; 874:162462. [PMID: 36858215 PMCID: PMC10465171 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher ambient temperature and air pollution may contribute to increased risk of behaviors harmful to oneself or to others; however, quantitative evidence is limited. We examined the relationship of deaths due to suicide and homicide with temperature and air pollution in California-a state prone to high levels of both exposures. METHOD California death certificates from 2014 to 2019 were used to identify deaths due to suicide and homicide. Residential data for decedents were used to assign exposure to daily temperature (maximum[Tmax], minimum[Tmin]) and daily average air pollution concentrations (particulate matter <10 μm[PM10] and < 2.5 μm[PM2.5], nitrogen dioxide[NO2], ozone[O3]). Tmin served as a surrogate for nighttime temperature. A time-stratified case-crossover study design using conditional logistic regression was used to assess the effects of daily exposure to temperature and air pollutants on suicide and homicide mortality, adjusting for relative humidity. Effect modification by sex and age was assessed. RESULTS We observed 24,387 deaths due to suicide and 10,767 deaths due to homicide. We found a monotonic temperature association for both outcomes. A 5 °C increase in Tmax at lag-2 and Tmin at lag-0 was associated with 3.1 % (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.1 %-5.2 %) and 3.8 % (95%CI: 0.9 %-6.8 %) increased odds of death due to suicide, respectively. The increased odds of homicide mortality per 5 °C increase in Tmax at lag-0 and Tmin at lag-1 were 4.9 % (95%CI: 1.6 %-8.1 %) and 6.2 % (95%CI: 1.6 %-11.0 %), respectively. No air pollutant associations were statistically significant. Temperature associations were robust after adjustment for PM2.5. Some temperature effects were larger among women for suicide and men for homicide mortality, and among those over age 65 years for both outcomes. CONCLUSION Risk of suicide and homicide mortality increases with increasing daily ambient temperatures. Findings have public health relevance given anticipated increases in temperatures due to global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mostafijur Rahman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Melissa Lorenzo
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - George Ban-Weiss
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zainab Hasan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mehjar Azzouz
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David V Conti
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Hannah Schlaerth
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jill Johnston
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Ko
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lawrence Palinkas
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Suzanne Dworak Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael Hurlburt
- Suzanne Dworak Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sam Silva
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - W James Gauderman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Erika Garcia
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Garcia E, Johnston J, McConnell R, Palinkas L, Eckel SP. California's early transition to electric vehicles: Observed health and air quality co-benefits. Sci Total Environ 2023; 867:161761. [PMID: 36739036 PMCID: PMC10465173 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The transition to electric vehicles is projected to have considerable public health co-benefits, but most evidence regarding air quality and health impacts comes from projections rather than real-world data. We evaluated whether population-level respiratory health and air quality co-benefits were already detectable at the relatively low levels of zero-emissions vehicles (ZEVs: battery electric, plug-in hybrid, hydrogen fuel cell vehicle) adoption in California, and evaluated the ZEV adoption gap in underserved communities. We conducted a zip code-level ecologic study relating changes in annual number of ZEVs (nZEV) per 1000 population from 2013 to 2019 to: (i) annual average monitored nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations and (ii) annual age-adjusted asthma-related emergency department (ED) visit rates, while considering educational attainment. The average nZEV increased from 1.4 per 1000 population in 2013 (standard deviation [SD]: 2.1) to 14.7 per 1000 in 2019 (SD: 14.7). ZEV adoption was considerably slower in zip codes with lower educational attainment (p < 0.0001). A within-zip code increase of 20 ZEVs per 1000 was associated with a - 0.41 ppb change in annual average NO2 (95 % confidence interval [CI]:-1.12, 0.29) in an adjusted model. A within-zip code increase of 20 ZEVs per 1000 population was associated with a 3.2 % decrease in annual age-adjusted rate of asthma-related ED visits (95 % CI:-5.4, -0.9). Findings were supported by a variety of sensitivity analyses. Observational data on the early phase ZEV transition in California provided a natural experiment, enabling us to document the first real-world associations between increasing nZEV and changes in air quality and health. Results suggest co-benefits of the early-phase transition to ZEVs but with an adoption gap among populations with lower socioeconomic status which threatens the equitable distribution of possible co-benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Garcia
- University of Southern California, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Los Angeles, California, United States.
| | - Jill Johnston
- University of Southern California, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Rob McConnell
- University of Southern California, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Lawrence Palinkas
- University of Southern California, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Los Angeles, California, United States; University of Southern California, Suzanne Dworak Peck School of Social Work, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- University of Southern California, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Los Angeles, California, United States
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Weng J, Molshatzki N, Marjoram P, Gauderman WJ, Gilliland FD, Eckel SP. Longitudinal hierarchical Bayesian models of covariate effects on airway and alveolar nitric oxide. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5346. [PMID: 37005426 PMCID: PMC10067946 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31774-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers such as exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), a marker of airway inflammation, have applications in the study of chronic respiratory disease where longitudinal studies of within-participant changes in the biomarker are particularly relevant. A cutting-edge approach to assessing FeNO, called multiple flow FeNO, repeatedly assesses FeNO across a range of expiratory flow rates at a single visit and combines these data with a deterministic model of lower respiratory tract NO to estimate parameters quantifying airway wall and alveolar NO sources. Previous methodological work for multiple flow FeNO has focused on methods for data from a single participant or from cross-sectional studies. Performance of existing ad hoc two-stage methods for longitudinal multiple flow FeNO in cohort or panel studies has not been evaluated. In this paper, we present a novel longitudinal extension to a unified hierarchical Bayesian (L_U_HB) model relating longitudinally assessed multiple flow FeNO to covariates. In several simulation study scenarios, we compare the L_U_HB method to other unified and two-stage frequentist methods. In general, L_U_HB produced unbiased estimates, had good power, and its performance was not sensitive to the magnitude of the association with a covariate and correlations between NO parameters. In an application relating height to longitudinal multiple flow FeNO in schoolchildren without asthma, unified analysis methods estimated positive, statistically significant associations of height with airway and alveolar NO concentrations and negative associations with airway wall diffusivity while estimates from two-stage methods were smaller in magnitude and sometimes non-significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Weng
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, SSB 202B, MC-9234, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Noa Molshatzki
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, SSB 202B, MC-9234, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Paul Marjoram
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, SSB 202B, MC-9234, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - W James Gauderman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, SSB 202B, MC-9234, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Frank D Gilliland
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, SSB 202B, MC-9234, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, SSB 202B, MC-9234, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
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Niu ZJ, Yang T, Guo F, Grubbs B, Eckel SP, Toledo-Corral CM, Johnston J, Dunton GF, Lerner D, Lurvey N, Al-Marayati L, Habre R, Bastain T, Breton CV, Farzan S. Abstract 57: Distinct Gestational Blood Pressure Trajectories Predict Pregnancy, Birth, and Postpartum Health in a Low-Income Hispanic Population. Circulation 2023. [DOI: 10.1161/circ.147.suppl_1.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Objective:
Blood pressure (BP) typically drops to a nadir around 20 to 24 gestation weeks in a normal pregnancy. Distinct BP trajectories over pregnancy could reveal underlying cardiovascular function and predict future cardiovascular risk, but little is known about BP trajectories in Hispanic women. We aim to identify BP trajectories during pregnancy among low-income, Hispanic women.
Methods:
In the prospective Maternal and Developmental Risks from Environmental and Social Stressors (MADRES) pregnancy cohort, we abstracted clinic BP measures of 732 participants who had an average of 12 BP measures over pregnancy, ranging from 4 to 41 weeks. We used latent class mixture modeling to identify BP trajectories. We examined associations of population characteristics, pregnancy and birth outcomes, and 1-year postpartum BP with the identified trajectories.
Results:
We identified three distinct BP trajectories (
Figure
). Compared to the majority (class 1, n=569), the consistently high class 2 (14.8%, 108) was characterized by a higher pre-pregnancy BMI (ppBMI, 32.3±7.6 vs. 27.6 ±6.1 Kg/m
2
) and a higher proportion of having college or above education (21.3% vs. 14.9%), while the high-low-high U-shape class 3 (7.5%, 55) had a higher ppBMI (32.0±7.9 Kg/m
2
) but lower proportion of having college or above education (9.1%). Risk of preeclampsia was the highest in class 3 (43.6%), followed by class 2 (10.2%) and class 1 (6.0%), while the risk of gestational diabetes was the highest in class 2 (14.8%), followed by class 1 (7.9%) and class 3 (7.3%). Birthweight and gestational duration were both significantly lower in class 3 than classes 1 and 2. One-year postpartum systolic BP was significantly higher in class 2 (120.2±16.0 mmHg) and class 3 (122.4±16.0 mmHg) than class 1 (111.7±26.2 mmHg) after adjusting for maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, parity, and education.
Conclusion:
Elevated blood pressure may develop into district trajectories in pregnancy that further predict pregnancy and birth outcomes, as well as postpartum blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tingyu Yang
- Univ of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Fangqi Guo
- UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES, CA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rima Habre
- Univ of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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30
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Foley HB, Howe CG, Eckel SP, Chavez T, Gevorkian L, Reyes EG, Kapanke B, Martinez D, Xue S, Suglia SF, Bastain TM, Marsit C, Breton CV. Depression, perceived stress, and distress during pregnancy and EV-associated miRNA profiles in MADRES. J Affect Disord 2023; 323:799-808. [PMID: 36563790 PMCID: PMC9844263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNA (miRNA) circulating in plasma has been proposed as biomarkers for a variety of diseases and stress measures, including depression, stress, and trauma. However, few studies have examined the relationship between stress and miRNA during pregnancy. METHODS In this study, we examined associations between measures of stress and depression during pregnancy with miRNA in early and late pregnancy from the MADRES cohort of primarily low-income Hispanic women based in Los Angeles, California. Extracellular-vesicle- (EV-) associated miRNA were isolated from maternal plasma and quantified using the Nanostring nCounter platform. Correlations for stress-associated miRNA were also calculated for 89 matching cord blood samples. RESULTS Fifty miRNA were nominally associated with depression, perceived stress, and prenatal distress (raw p < 0.05) with 17 miRNA shared between two or more stress measures. Two miRNA (miR-150-5p and miR-148b-3p) remained marginally significant after FDR adjustment (p < 0.10). Fifteen PANTHER pathways were enriched for predicted gene targets of the 50 miRNA associated with stress. Clusters of maternal and neonate miRNA expression suggest a link between maternal and child profiles. LIMITATIONS The study evaluated 142 miRNA and was not an exhaustive analysis of all discovered miRNA. Evaluations for stress, depression and trauma were based on self-reported instruments, rather than diagnostic tools. CONCLUSIONS Depression and stress during pregnancy are associated with some circulating EV miRNA. Given that EV miRNA play important roles in maternal-fetal communication, this may have downstream consequences for maternal and child health, and underscore the importance of addressing mental health during pregnancy, especially in health disparities populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Bermudez Foley
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.
| | - Caitlin G Howe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States of America
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Thomas Chavez
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Lili Gevorkian
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; Interface Team, Fulgent Genetics, Inc., Temple City, CA, United States of America
| | - Eileen Granada Reyes
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Bethany Kapanke
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Danilo Martinez
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Shanyan Xue
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Shakira F Suglia
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Theresa M Bastain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Carmen Marsit
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Carrie V Breton
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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Maldonado LE, Farzan SF, Toledo-Corral CM, Dunton GF, Habre R, Eckel SP, Johnson M, Yang T, Grubbs BH, Lerner D, Chavez T, Breton CV, Bastain TM. A Vegetable, Oil, and Fruit Dietary Pattern in Late Pregnancy is Linked to Reduced Risks of Adverse Birth Outcomes in a Predominantly Low-Income Hispanic and Latina Pregnancy Cohort. J Nutr 2023; 152:2837-2846. [PMID: 36055799 PMCID: PMC9840002 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies examining diet and its links to birth outcomes among socioeconomically disadvantaged populations in the United States are scarce. OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify prenatal dietary patterns, examine their relationships with birth outcomes, and evaluate the variation of these associations by maternal diabetes status [no diabetes, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preexisting diabetes]. METHODS Women in the Maternal and Developmental Risks from Environmental and Social Stressors (MADRES) study (n = 465)-an ongoing, prospective pregnancy cohort of predominantly low-income Hispanic/Latina women in Los Angeles-completed up to two 24-hour dietary recalls in the third trimester of pregnancy. We identified prenatal dietary patterns via factor analysis and evaluated their associations with infant birth weight and gestational age at birth (GA) z-scores, separately, using linear regression, as well as the associations of the dietary patterns with premature births, having an infant that was small for gestational age (SGA), and having an infant that was large for gestational age, using logistic regression and adjusting for relevant covariates. We additionally tested interaction terms between prenatal dietary patterns and maternal diabetes status in separate models. We adjusted for multiple comparisons using the false discovery rate. RESULTS We identified 2 dietary patterns: 1) a dietary pattern of solid fats, refined grains, and cheese (SRC); and 2) a dietary pattern of vegetables, oils, and fruit (VOF). Comparing the highest to lowest quartiles, the VOF was significantly associated with a greater infant birth weight (β = 0.40; 95% CIs: 0.10, 0.70; Ptrend = 0.011), a greater GA (β = 0.32; 95% CIs: 0.03, 0.61; Ptrend = 0.036), lower odds of a premature birth (OR = 0.31; 95% CIs: 0.10, 0.95; Ptrend = 0.049), and lower odds of having an infant that was SGA (OR = 0.18; 95% CIs: 0.06, 0.58; Ptrend = 0.028). Only among women with GDM, a 1-SD score increase in the prenatal SRC was significantly associated with a lower infant birth weight (β = -0.20; 95% CIs -0.39, -0.02; Pinteraction = 0.040). CONCLUSIONS Among low-income Hispanic/Latina pregnant women, greater adherence to the prenatal VOF may lower the risk of a premature birth and having an infant that is SGA. Greater adherence to the SRC, however, may adversely affect newborn birth weight among mothers with GDM, but future research is needed to verify our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Maldonado
- Department of Population & Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shohreh F Farzan
- Department of Population & Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Claudia M Toledo-Corral
- Department of Population & Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Genevieve F Dunton
- Department of Population & Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rima Habre
- Department of Population & Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population & Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark Johnson
- Department of Population & Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tingyu Yang
- Department of Population & Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brendan H Grubbs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Thomas Chavez
- Department of Population & Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carrie V Breton
- Department of Population & Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Theresa M Bastain
- Department of Population & Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Rahman MM, Carter SA, Lin JC, Chow T, Yu X, Martinez MP, Levitt P, Chen Z, Chen JC, Rud D, Lewinger JP, Eckel SP, Schwartz J, Lurmann FW, Kleeman MJ, McConnell R, Xiang AH. Prenatal exposure to tailpipe and non-tailpipe tracers of particulate matter pollution and autism spectrum disorders. Environ Int 2023; 171:107736. [PMID: 36623380 PMCID: PMC9943058 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traffic-related air pollution exposure is associated with increased risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It is unknown whether carbonaceous material from vehicular tailpipe emissions or redox-active non-tailpipe metals, eg. from tire and brake wear, are responsible. We assessed ASD associations with fine particulate matter (PM2.5) tracers of tailpipe (elemental carbon [EC] and organic carbon [OC]) and non-tailpipe (copper [Cu]; iron [Fe] and manganese [Mn]) sources during pregnancy in a large cohort. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 318,750 children born in Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC) hospitals during 2001-2014, followed until age 5. ASD cases were identified by ICD codes. Monthly estimates of PM2.5 and PM2.5 constituents EC, OC, Cu, Fe, and Mn with 4 km spatial resolution were obtained from a source-oriented chemical transport model. These exposures and NO2 were assigned to each maternal address during pregnancy, and associations with ASD were assessed using Cox regression models adjusted for covariates. PM constituent effect estimates were adjusted for PM2.5 and NO2 to assess independent effects. To distinguish ASD risk associated with non-tailpipe from tailpipe sources, the associations with Cu, Fe, and Mn were adjusted for EC and OC, and vice versa. RESULTS There were 4559 children diagnosed with ASD. In single-pollutant models, increased ASD risk was associated with gestational exposures to tracers of both tailpipe and non-tailpipe emissions. The ASD hazard ratios (HRs) per inter-quartile increment of exposure) for EC, OC, Cu, Fe, and Mn were 1.11 (95% CI: 1.06-1.16), 1.09 (95% CI: 1.04-1.15), 1.09 (95% CI: 1.04-1.13), 1.14 (95% CI: 1.09-1.20), and 1.17 (95% CI: 1.12-1.22), respectively. Estimated effects of Cu, Fe, and Mn (reflecting non-tailpipe sources) were largely unchanged in two-pollutant models adjusting for PM2.5, NO2, EC or OC. In contrast, ASD associations with EC and OC were markedly attenuated by adjustment for non-tailpipe sources. CONCLUSION Results suggest that non-tailpipe emissions may contribute to ASD. Implications are that reducing tailpipe emissions, especially from vehicles with internal combustion engines, may not eliminate ASD associations with traffic-related air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mostafijur Rahman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah A Carter
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jane C Lin
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Ting Chow
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Xin Yu
- Spatial Science Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mayra P Martinez
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Pat Levitt
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, Program in Developmental Neuroscience and Neurogenetics, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhanghua Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jiu-Chiuan Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Rud
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Lewinger
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Michael J Kleeman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anny H Xiang
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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Kim JA, Park S, Fetters L, Eckel SP, Kubo M, Sargent B. Infants born preterm demonstrate reduced task-specific exploration during the scaffolded kick-activated mobile task. J Mot Learn Dev 2022; 10:429-448. [PMID: 37781091 PMCID: PMC10538249 DOI: 10.1123/jmld.2021-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
This study quantified the spatial exploration of 13 infants born very and extremely preterm (PT) at 4 months corrected age as they learned that moving their feet vertically to cross a virtual threshold activated an infant kick-activated mobile and compared results to 15 infants born full-term (FT) from a previously published study. Spatial exploration was quantified using two general spatial exploration variables (exploration volume, exploration path), two task-specific spatial variables (duration of time in the task-specific region of interest, vertical variance of kicks), and one non-task-specific spatial variable (horizontal variance of kicks). The infants born PT, similar to FT, increased their general spatial exploration and duration in the region of interest and did not change the vertical and horizontal variances of kicks. However, the infants born PT, compared to FT, spent less time in the task-specific region of interest and had a greater non-task-specific horizontal variance throughout the task. This may indicate that infants born PT and FT exhibit similar general spatial exploration, but infants born PT exhibit less task-specific spatial exploration. Future research is necessary to determine the contribution of learning and motor abilities to the differences in task-specific exploration between infants born PT and FT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Ah Kim
- Division of Biokinesiology & Physical Therapy, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 1540 E. Alcazar St., CHP 155, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Sungwoo Park
- Division of Biokinesiology & Physical Therapy, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 1540 E. Alcazar St., CHP 155, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Linda Fetters
- Division of Biokinesiology & Physical Therapy, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 1540 E. Alcazar St., CHP 155, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Sandrah P. Eckel
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Masayoshi Kubo
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Barbara Sargent
- Division of Biokinesiology & Physical Therapy, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 1540 E. Alcazar St., CHP 155, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Peterson AK, Habre R, Niu Z, Amin M, Yang T, Eckel SP, Farzan SF, Lurmann F, Pavlovic N, Grubbs BH, Walker D, Al-Marayati LA, Grant E, Lerner D, Bastain TM, Breton CV. Identifying pre-conception and pre-natal periods in which ambient air pollution exposure affects fetal growth in the predominately Hispanic MADRES cohort. Environ Health 2022; 21:115. [PMID: 36434705 PMCID: PMC9701016 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00925-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well documented that persons of color experience disproportionate exposure to environmental contaminants, including air pollution, and have poorer pregnancy outcomes. This study assessed the critical windows of exposure to ambient air pollution on in utero fetal growth among structurally marginalized populations in urban Los Angeles. METHODS Participants (N = 281) from the larger ongoing MADRES pregnancy cohort study were included in this analysis. Fetal growth outcomes were measured on average at 32 [Formula: see text] 2 weeks of gestation by a certified sonographer and included estimated fetal weight, abdominal circumference, head circumference, biparietal diameter and femur length. Daily ambient air pollutant concentrations were estimated for four pollutants (particulate matter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and less than 10 µm (PM10) in aerodynamic diameter, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and 8-h maximum ozone (O3)) at participant residences using inverse-distance squared spatial interpolation from ambient monitoring data. Weekly gestational averages were calculated from 12 weeks prior to conception to 32 weeks of gestation (44 total weeks), and their associations with growth outcomes were modeled using adjusted distributed lag models (DLMs). RESULTS Participants were on average 29 years [Formula: see text] 6 old and predominately Hispanic (82%). We identified a significant sensitive window of PM2.5 exposure (per IQR increase of 6 [Formula: see text]3) between gestational weeks 4-16 for lower estimated fetal weight [Formula: see text] averaged4-16 = -8.7 g; 95% CI -16.7, -0.8). Exposure to PM2.5 during gestational weeks 1-23 was also significantly associated with smaller fetal abdominal circumference ([Formula: see text] averaged1-23 = -0.6 mm; 95% CI -1.1, -0.2). Additionally, prenatal exposure to PM10 (per IQR increase of 13 [Formula: see text]3) between weeks 6-15 of pregnancy was significantly associated with smaller fetal abdominal circumference ([Formula: see text] averaged6-15 = -0.4 mm; 95% CI -0.8, -0.1). DISCUSSION These results suggest that exposure to particulate matter in early to mid-pregnancy, but not preconception or late pregnancy, may have critical implications on fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia K Peterson
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Rima Habre
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Zhongzheng Niu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Monica Amin
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Tingyu Yang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Shohreh F Farzan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Fred Lurmann
- Sonoma Technology Inc., Petaluma, CA, 94954, USA
| | | | - Brendan H Grubbs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Daphne Walker
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Laila A Al-Marayati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Edward Grant
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Deborah Lerner
- Eisner Health Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90015, USA
| | - Theresa M Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Carrie V Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
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Niu Z, Habre R, Chavez TA, Yang T, Grubbs BH, Eckel SP, Berhane K, Toledo-Corral CM, Johnston J, Dunton GF, Lerner D, Al-Marayati L, Lurmann F, Pavlovic N, Farzan SF, Bastain TM, Breton CV. Association Between Ambient Air Pollution and Birth Weight by Maternal Individual- and Neighborhood-Level Stressors. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2238174. [PMID: 36282504 PMCID: PMC9597392 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.38174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Fetal growth is precisely programmed and could be interrupted by environmental exposures during specific times during pregnancy. Insights on potential sensitive windows of air pollution exposure in association with birth weight are needed. OBJECTIVE To examine the association of sensitive windows of ambient air pollution exposure with birth weight and heterogeneity by individual- and neighborhood-level stressors. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Data on a cohort of low-income Hispanic women with singleton term pregnancy were collected from 2015 to 2021 in the ongoing Maternal and Developmental Risks from Environmental and Social Stressors cohort in Los Angeles, California. EXPOSURES Daily ambient particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm (PM10) and aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and 8-hour maximum ozone were assigned to residential locations. Weekly averages from 12 weeks before conception to 36 gestational weeks were calculated. Individual-level psychological stressor was measured by the Perceived Stress Scale. Neighborhood-level stressor was measured by the CalEnviroScreen 4.0. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Sex-specific birth weight for gestational age z score (BWZ). The associations between air pollutant and BWZ were estimated using distributed lag models to identify sensitive windows of exposure, adjusting for maternal and meteorologic factors. We stratified the analyses by Perceived Stress Scale and CalEnviroScreen 4.0. We converted the effect size estimation in BWZ to grams to facilitate interpretation. RESULTS The study included 628 pregnant women (mean [SD] age, 22.18 [5.92] years) and their newborns (mean [SD] BWZ, -0.08 [1.03]). On average, an interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5 exposure during 4 to 22 gestational weeks was associated with a -9.5 g (95% CI, -10.4 to -8.6 g) change in birth weight. In stratified models, PM2.5 from 4 to 24 gestational weeks was associated with a -34.0 g (95% CI, -35.7 to -32.4 g) change in birth weight and PM10 from 9 to 14 gestational weeks was associated with a -39.4 g (95% CI, -45.4 to -33.4) change in birth weight in the subgroup with high Perceived Stress Scale and high CalEnviroScreen 4.0 scores. In this same group, NO2 from 9 to 14 gestational weeks was associated with a -40.4 g (95% CI, -47.4 to -33.3 g) change in birth weight and, from 33 to 36 gestational weeks, a -117.6 g (95% CI, -125.3 to -83.7 g) change in birth weight. Generally, there were no significant preconception windows for any air pollutants or ozone exposure with birth weight. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cohort study, early pregnancy to midpregnancy exposures to PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 were associated with lower birth weight, particularly for mothers experiencing higher perceived stress and living in a neighborhood with a high level of stressors from environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzheng Niu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Rima Habre
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Thomas A. Chavez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Tingyu Yang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Brendan H. Grubbs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Sandrah P. Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Kiros Berhane
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York
| | - Claudia M. Toledo-Corral
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge
| | - Jill Johnston
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Genevieve F. Dunton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | | | - Laila Al-Marayati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | | | | | - Shohreh F. Farzan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Theresa M. Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Carrie V. Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
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Marian B, Yan Y, Chen Z, Lurmann F, Li K, Gilliland F, Eckel SP, Garcia E. Independent associations of short- and long-term air pollution exposure with COVID-19 mortality among Californians. Environ Adv 2022; 9:100280. [PMID: 35966412 PMCID: PMC9361629 DOI: 10.1016/j.envadv.2022.100280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The growing literature demonstrating air pollution associations on COVID-19 mortality contains studies predominantly examining long-term exposure, with few on short-term exposure, and rarely both together to estimate independent associations. Because mechanisms by which air pollution may impact COVID-19 mortality risk function over timescales ranging from years to days, and given correlation among exposure time windows, consideration of both short- and long-term exposure is of importance. We assessed the independent associations between COVID-19 mortality rates with short- and long-term air pollution exposure by modeling both concurrently. Using California death certificate data COVID-19-related deaths were identified, and decedent residential information used to assess short- (4-week mean) and long-term (6-year mean) exposure to particulate matter <2.5µm (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3). Negative binomial mixed models were fitted on weekly census tract COVID-19 mortality adjusting for potential confounders with random effects for county and census tract and an offset for population. Data were evaluated separately for two time periods March 16, 2020-October 18, 2020 and October 19, 2020-April 25, 2021, representing the Spring/Summer surges and Winter surge. Independent positive associations with COVID-19 mortality were observed for short- and long-term PM2.5 in both study periods, with strongest associations observed in the first study period: COVID-19 mortality rate ratio for a 2-μg/m3 increase in long-term PM2.5 was 1.13 (95%CI:1.09,1.17) and for a 4.7-μg/m3 increase in short-term PM2.5 was 1.05 (95%CI:1.02,1.08). Statistically significant positive associations were seen for both short- and long-term NO2 in study period 1, but short-term NO2 was not statistically significant in study period 2. Results for long-term O3 indicate positive associations, however, only marginal significance is achieved in study period 1. These findings support an adverse effect of long-term PM2.5 and NO2 exposure on COVID-19 mortality risk, independent of short-term exposure, and a possible independent effect of short-term PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney Marian
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Ying Yan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Zhanghua Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Fred Lurmann
- Sonoma Technology, Inc, Petaluma, CA, United States of America
| | - Kenan Li
- Spatial Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Frank Gilliland
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Erika Garcia
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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Corona K, Chavez T, Stewart K, Toledo-Corral CM, Farzan SF, Habre R, Grubbs B, Al-Marayati L, Lurvey N, Lerner D, Eckel SP, Lagomasino I, Breton CV, Bastain TM. Adverse childhood experiences and prenatal depression in the maternal and development risks from environmental and social stressors pregnancy cohort. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2022; 42:3014-3020. [PMID: 36178435 PMCID: PMC9851371 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2022.2125298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and risk for depression among 480 predominantly low-income Hispanic/Latina women in the Maternal and Development Risks from Environmental and Social Stressors pregnancy cohort. Models were fitted to evaluate associations between ACEs and prenatal probable depression measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale adjusting for recruitment site, age, income, race/ethnicity, marital status and parity. The ACEs Questionnaire parameterised experiences as counts (0-10), categories (0, 1-3 and 4+ ACEs) and domains. Participants had a significantly higher likelihood of prenatal probable depression per unit increase in ACEs count or if they reported 4+ ACEs relative to 0 ACEs. Higher likelihood of probable depression was also associated with higher counts of each ACEs domains: abuse, neglect and household dysfunction. Findings suggest systematic screening for depressive symptoms in those with a history of childhood adversities may be important in prenatal care practice.Impact StatementWhat is already known on this subject? Experiencing depression during pregnancy has been associated with later adverse maternal mental and physical health outcomes. Emerging studies indicate that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may maintain or increase the predisposition to prenatal depression.What do the results of this study add? Although prenatal depressive symptoms are prevalent among racial/ethnic minority samples including Hispanic/Latinas, research determining whether the association between ACEs and prenatal depression varies by nativity is scarce. Overall, ACEs were common among Maternal and Developmental Risks from Environmental and Social Stressors (MADRES) participants and were associated with a higher likelihood of probable depression during pregnancy. These patterns did not significantly differ among the foreign-born versus U.S.-born Hispanic/Latina women, although the associations were stronger among U.S.-born Hispanic/Latina women.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Research should continue to focus on the effects of ACEs in communities that have been historically excluded in perinatal mental health services such as pregnant women from racial and ethnic minority groups. It may be important for clinicians to routinely screen for mental health during pregnancy as an adverse, psychological environment may impact both women and children. These findings suggest a need for improvement in systematic screening for depressive symptoms in those with a history of childhood adversities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Corona
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California
| | - Thomas Chavez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California
| | - Kennedy Stewart
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge
| | - Claudia M. Toledo-Corral
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge
| | - Shohreh F. Farzan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California
| | - Rima Habre
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California
| | - Brendan Grubbs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California
| | - Laila Al-Marayati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California
| | | | | | - Sandrah P. Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California
| | - Isabel Lagomasino
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California
| | - Carrie V. Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California
| | - Theresa M. Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California
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Peterson AK, Eckel SP, Habre R, Yang T, Faham D, Amin M, Grubbs BH, Farzan SF, Kannan K, Robinson M, Lerner D, Al-Marayati LA, Walker DK, Grant EG, Breton CV, Bastain TM. Detected prenatal perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposure is associated with decreased fetal head biometric parameters in participants experiencing higher perceived stress during pregnancy in the MADRES cohort. Environ Adv 2022; 9:100286. [PMID: 36507367 PMCID: PMC9731234 DOI: 10.1016/j.envadv.2022.100286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous synthetic chemicals with long half-lives and are known to cross the placenta during pregnancy. We examined the influence of maternal PFAS levels on in utero fetal growth trajectories and assessed whether maternal stress modified these associations. METHODS Blood serum concentrations of five PFAS (PFOS, PFHxS, PFNA, PFOA, PFDA) were measured in 335 prenatal specimens (mean gestational age (GA): 21±9 weeks) in the MADRES cohort. Fetal growth outcomes (head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), biparietal diameter (BPD), femur length (FL), and estimated fetal weight (EFW)) were abstracted from ultrasound medical records and measured at the 3rd trimester study visit (N = 833 scans, GA range 10-42 weeks, mean 2.4 scans/participant). Adjusted linear mixed models with a GA quadratic growth curve were used for each PFAS exposure and growth outcome. PFOS and PFHxS were modeled continuously (100% sample detection), while PFOA, PFNA, and PFDA were modeled categorically (57-70% sample detection). Scores on the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) measured in pregnancy were dichotomized at the median (<13 vs. ≥ 13) in stratified models. RESULTS Participants were on average 29±6 years old and predominately Hispanic (76%). Median serum concentrations of PFOS, PFHxS, PFNA, PFOA and PFDA were 1.34, 1.10, 0.07, 0.12, and 0.04 ng/mL, respectively. Participants with detected PFOA concentrations had fetuses with -2.5 mm (95% CI -4.2, -0.8) smaller HC and-0.7 mm (95% CI -1.3, -0.2) smaller BPD on average for a fixed GA than those without detected PFOA concentrations. In models stratified by PSS level, the effects of PFOA on fetal growth parameters were stronger and only significant in participants with higher stress levels (HC: β= -3.5, 95% CI -5.8, -1.4; BPD: β = -0.8, 95% CI -1.6, -1.1). CONCLUSIONS Prenatal PFOA exposure adversely impacted fetal head biometric parameters in participants experiencing higher stress during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia K. Peterson
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 North Soto Street Suite 102, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Sandrah P. Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 North Soto Street Suite 102, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Rima Habre
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 North Soto Street Suite 102, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Tingyu Yang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 North Soto Street Suite 102, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Dema Faham
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 North Soto Street Suite 102, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Monica Amin
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 North Soto Street Suite 102, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Brendan H. Grubbs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2020 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Shohreh F. Farzan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 North Soto Street Suite 102, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, 145 East 32 Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Morgan Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, 145 East 32 Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Deborah Lerner
- Eisner Health, 1530 S Olive St, Los Angeles, CA 90015, USA
| | - Laila A. Al-Marayati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2020 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Daphne K. Walker
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Ave # 2315, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Edward G. Grant
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Ave # 2315, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Carrie V. Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 North Soto Street Suite 102, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Theresa M. Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 North Soto Street Suite 102, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
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Carter SA, Lin JC, Chow T, Yu X, Rahman MM, Martinez MP, Feldman K, Eckel SP, Chen JC, Chen Z, Levitt P, Lurmann FW, McConnell R, Xiang AH. Maternal obesity, diabetes, preeclampsia, and asthma during pregnancy and likelihood of autism spectrum disorder with gastrointestinal disturbances in offspring. Autism 2022; 27:916-926. [PMID: 36062479 PMCID: PMC9984567 DOI: 10.1177/13623613221118430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Autism spectrum disorder is heterogeneous and often accompanied by co-occurring conditions. Previous studies have shown that maternal health conditions during pregnancy including obesity, diabetes, preeclampsia, and asthma were associated with increased likelihood of autism. However, little has been done examining the likelihood associated with autism with co-occurring conditions. This study assessed these maternal health conditions in relationship to autism and gastrointestinal disturbances, a common co-occurring condition in children diagnosed with autism. Data included 308,536 mother-child pairs from one integrated health care system with comprehensive electronic medical records. Among the study cohort, 5,131 (1.7%) children had a diagnosis of autism by age 5. Gastrointestinal disturbances were present in 35.4% of children diagnosed with autism and 25.1% of children without autism diagnoses. Our results showed that each of the four maternal health conditions during pregnancy was associated with increased likelihood of gastrointestinal disturbances, autism without gastrointestinal disturbances, and autism with gastrointestinal disturbances. For all four maternal health conditions, the association was greatest for likelihood of autism with gastrointestinal disturbances. Given that children diagnosed with autism are more likely to have gastrointestinal disturbances and over 80% of gastrointestinal disturbances in this cohort were diagnosed prior to autism diagnosis, this study suggests that there may be common biological pathways between autism and gastrointestinal disturbances impacted by these maternal exposures. Future studies are warranted to assess associations between different exposures and autism with other co-occurring conditions to increase our understanding of autism heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jane C Lin
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California, USA
| | - Ting Chow
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California, USA
| | - Xin Yu
- University of Southern California, USA
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Eckel SP, Garcia E, Gilliland FD. Predicting asthma exacerbations: is there utility in noninvasive assessment of distal airway inflammation using multiple flow FENO? Eur Respir J 2022. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00802-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Chen Z, Sidell MA, Huang BZ, Chow T, Eckel SP, Martinez MP, Gheissari R, Lurmann F, Thomas DC, Gilliland FD, Xiang AH. Ambient Air Pollutant Exposures and COVID-19 Severity and Mortality in a Cohort of Patients with COVID-19 in Southern California. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 206:440-448. [PMID: 35537137 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202108-1909oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Ecological studies have shown air pollution associations with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outcomes. However, few cohort studies have been conducted. Objectives: To conduct a cohort study investigating the association between air pollution and COVID-19 severity using individual-level data from the electronic medical record. Methods: This cohort included all individuals who received diagnoses of COVID-19 from Kaiser Permanente Southern California between March 1 and August 31, 2020. One-year and 1-month averaged ambient air pollutant (particulate matter ⩽2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter [PM2.5], NO2, and O3) exposures before COVID-19 diagnosis were estimated on the basis of residential address history. Outcomes included COVID-19-related hospitalizations, intensive respiratory support (IRS), and ICU admissions within 30 days and mortality within 60 days after COVID-19 diagnosis. Covariates included socioeconomic characteristics and comorbidities. Measurements and Main Results: Among 74,915 individuals (mean age, 42.5 years; 54% women; 66% Hispanic), rates of hospitalization, IRS, ICU admission, and mortality were 6.3%, 2.4%, 1.5%, and 1.5%, respectively. Using multipollutant models adjusted for covariates, 1-year PM2.5 and 1-month NO2 average exposures were associated with COVID-19 severity. The odds ratios associated with a 1-SD increase in 1-year PM2.5 (SD, 1.5 μg/m3) were 1.24 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16-1.32) for COVID-19-related hospitalization, 1.33 (95% CI, 1.20-1.47) for IRS, and 1.32 (95% CI, 1.16-1.51) for ICU admission; the corresponding odds ratios associated with 1-month NO2 (SD, 3.3 ppb) were 1.12 (95% CI, 1.06-1.17) for hospitalization, 1.18 (95% CI, 1.10-1.27) for IRS, and 1.21 (95% CI, 1.11-1.33) for ICU admission. The hazard ratios for mortality were 1.14 (95% CI, 1.02-1.27) for 1-year PM2.5 and 1.07 (95% CI, 0.98-1.16) for 1-month NO2. No significant interactions with age, sex or ethnicity were observed. Conclusions: Ambient PM2.5 and NO2 exposures may affect COVID-19 severity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanghua Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Margo A Sidell
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California; and
| | - Brian Z Huang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California; and
| | - Ting Chow
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California; and
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mayra P Martinez
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California; and
| | - Roya Gheissari
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Duncan C Thomas
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Frank D Gilliland
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anny H Xiang
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California; and
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Peterson AK, Eckel SP, Habre R, Yang T, Faham D, Farzan SF, Grubbs BH, Kannan K, Robinson M, Lerner D, Al-Marayati LA, Walker DK, Grant EG, Bastain TM, Breton CV. Prenatal Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) Exposure Is Associated With Lower Infant Birthweight Within the MADRES Pregnancy Cohort. Front Epidemiol 2022; 2:934715. [PMID: 38455325 PMCID: PMC10910958 DOI: 10.3389/fepid.2022.934715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent synthetic chemicals found in household products that can cross the placenta during pregnancy. We investigated whether PFAS exposure during pregnancy was associated with infant birth outcomes in a predominantly urban Hispanic population. Methods Serum concentrations of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) were measured in 342 prenatal biospecimens (mean gestational age: 21 ± 9 weeks) from participants in the ongoing Maternal And Developmental Risks from Environmental and Social Stressors (MADRES) cohort. PFAS compounds were modeled continuously or categorically, depending on the percentage of samples detected. The birth outcomes assessed were birthweight, gestational age at birth, and birthweight for gestational age (BW-for-GA) z-scores that accounted for parity or infant sex. Single pollutant and multipollutant linear regression models were performed to evaluate associations between PFAS exposures and birth outcomes, adjusting for sociodemographic, perinatal, and study design covariates. Results Maternal participants (n = 342) were on average 29 ± 6 years old at study entry and were predominantly Hispanic (76%). Infants were born at a mean of 39 ± 2 weeks of gestation and weighed on average 3,278 ± 522 g. PFOS and PFHxS were detected in 100% of the samples while PFNA, PFOA, and PFDA were detected in 70%, 65%, and 57% of the samples, respectively. PFAS levels were generally lower in this cohort than in comparable cohorts. Women with detected levels of PFOA during pregnancy had infants weighing on average 119.7 g less (95% CI -216.7, -22.7) than women with undetected levels of PFOA in adjusted single pollutant models. PFOA results were also statistically significant in BW-for-GA z-score models that were specific for sex or parity. In models that were mutually adjusted for five detected PFAS compounds, PFOA results remained comparable; however, the association was only significant in BW-for-GA z-scores that were specific for parity (β = -0.3; 95% CI -0.6, -0.01). We found no significant adjusted associations with the remaining PFAS concentrations and the birth outcomes assessed. Conclusion Prenatal exposure to PFOA was associated with lower birthweight in infants, suggesting that exposure to these chemicals during critical periods of development might have important implications for children's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia K. Peterson
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sandrah P. Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rima Habre
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tingyu Yang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Dema Faham
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shohreh F. Farzan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Brendan H. Grubbs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Morgan Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Deborah Lerner
- Eisner Pediatric and Family Medical Center, Eisner Health, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Laila A. Al-Marayati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Daphne K. Walker
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Edward G. Grant
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Theresa M. Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Carrie V. Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Yani MS, Eckel SP, Kirages DJ, Rodriguez LV, Corcos DM, Kutch JJ. Impaired Ability to Relax Pelvic Floor Muscles in Men With Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome. Phys Ther 2022; 102:6585840. [PMID: 35576002 PMCID: PMC9618172 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzac059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Excessive pelvic floor muscle activity has been suggested as a source of pain in chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS). Our objective was to determine whether men with CP/CPPS have changes in neural drive that impair their ability to relax pelvic floor muscles. METHODS We recruited 90 men (42 with CP/CPPS and 48 in the control group [without a history of pelvic pain]). All completed the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI). We quantified the ability to relax by comparing resting pelvic floor muscle activity under 2 conditions: a "rest-only" condition, in which participants were instructed to simply relax, and a "rest-between-contraction" condition, in which participants were instructed to rest for several seconds between voluntary pelvic floor muscle contractions. We used multivariate mixed-effects models to examine differences between the groups (men with CP/CPPS and men in the control group) as well as the effect of 6 symptoms captured by the NIH-CPSI: pain related to location (perineum, testicles, penis, suprapubic region) and activity (urination, ejaculation). RESULTS Men with CP/CPPS were significantly different from men in the control group; men with CP/CPPS had higher resting activity in the rest-between-contraction condition than in the rest-only condition, whereas men in the control group had similar resting activities in both conditions. This effect was strongest in men who reported ejaculation-related pain, which was 70% of the CP/CPPS group. CONCLUSION Men without a history of pelvic pain were able to relax their pelvic floor muscles back to baseline after performing voluntary pelvic floor muscle contractions. In contrast, men with CP/CPPS, particularly those with ejaculation-related pain, had an impaired ability to relax their pelvic floor muscles. IMPACT This study may support the investigation of more personalized physical therapist approaches for CP/CPPS that enhance the ability to relax pelvic floor muscles as a mechanism for pain reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moheb S Yani
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel J Kirages
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Larissa V Rodriguez
- Department of Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel M Corcos
- Department of Physical Therapy & Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jason J Kutch
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Islam T, Braymiller J, Eckel SP, Liu F, Tackett AP, Rebuli ME, Barrington-Trimis J, McConnell R. Secondhand nicotine vaping at home and respiratory symptoms in young adults. Thorax 2022; 77:663-668. [PMID: 35013000 PMCID: PMC9203939 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-217041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Despite high prevalence of e-cigarette use (vaping), little is currently known regarding the health effects of secondhand nicotine vape exposure. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether exposure to secondhand nicotine vape exposure is associated with adverse respiratory health symptoms among young adults. METHOD We investigated the effect of secondhand nicotine vape exposure on annually reported wheeze, bronchitic symptoms and shortness of breath in the prospective Southern California Children Health Study cohort. Data were collected from study participants (n=2097) with repeated annual surveys from 2014 (average age: 17.3 years) to 2019 (average age: 21.9). We used mixed effect logistic regression to evaluate the association between secondhand nicotine vape and respiratory symptoms after controlling for relevant confounders. RESULTS Prevalence of secondhand nicotine vape increased from 11.7% to 15.6% during the study period in this population. Prevalence of wheeze, bronchitic symptoms and shortness of breath ranged from 12.3% to 14.9%, 19.4% to 26.0% and 16.5% to 18.1%, respectively, during the study period. Associations of secondhand nicotine vape exposure with bronchitic symptoms (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.84) and shortness of breath (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.21) were observed after controlling for vaping, active and passive exposure to tobacco or cannabis, and demographic characteristics (age, gender, race/ethnicity and parental education). Stronger associations were observed when analysis was restricted to participants who were neither smokers nor vapers. There were no associations with wheezing after adjustment for confounders. CONCLUSION Secondhand nicotine vape exposure was associated with increased risk of bronchitic symptoms and shortness of breath among young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talat Islam
- Department of Population and Public Health Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jessica Braymiller
- Department of Population and Public Health Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Feifei Liu
- Department of Population and Public Health Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alayna P Tackett
- Department of Population and Public Health Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Meghan E Rebuli
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jessica Barrington-Trimis
- Department of Population and Public Health Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Yi L, Xu Y, Eckel SP, O'Connor S, Cabison J, Rosales M, Chu D, Chavez TA, Johnson M, Mason TB, Bastain TM, Breton CV, Dunton GF, Wilson JP, Habre R. Time-activity and daily mobility patterns during pregnancy and early postpartum - evidence from the MADRES cohort. Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol 2022; 41:100502. [PMID: 35691658 PMCID: PMC9198358 DOI: 10.1016/j.sste.2022.100502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pregnant women's daily time-activity and mobility patterns determine their environmental exposures and subsequently related health effects. Most studies ignore these and assess pregnancy exposures using static residential measures. METHODS We conducted 4-day continuous geo-location monitoring in 62 pregnant Hispanic women, during pregnancy and early post-partum then derived trips by mode and stays, classified by context (indoor/outdoor, type). Generalized mixed-effect models were used to examine whether these patterns changed over time. RESULTS Women spent on average 17.3 h/day at home. Commercial and service locations were the most popular non-home destinations, while parks and open spaces were seldom visited. Women made 3.5 daily trips (63.7 min/day and approximately 25% were pedestrian-based). Women were less likely to visit commercial and services locations and make vehicle-based trips postpartum compared to the 3rd trimester. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest time-activity patterns vary across pregnancy and postpartum, thus assessing exposures at stationary locations might introduce measurement error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yi
- Spatial Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Yan Xu
- Spatial Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Sydney O'Connor
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Jane Cabison
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Marisela Rosales
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Daniel Chu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Thomas A Chavez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Mark Johnson
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Tyler B Mason
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Theresa M Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Carrie V Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Genevieve F Dunton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, United States
| | - John P Wilson
- Spatial Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, United States; Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States; Departments of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Computer Science and Sociology, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Rima Habre
- Spatial Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, United States; Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States.
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Yu X, Rahman MM, Wang Z, Carter SA, Schwartz J, Chen Z, Eckel SP, Hackman D, Chen JC, Xiang AH, McConnell R. Evidence of susceptibility to autism risks associated with early life ambient air pollution: A systematic review. Environ Res 2022; 208:112590. [PMID: 34929192 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have found associations between early life air pollution exposure and subsequent onset of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, characteristics that affect susceptibility remain unclear. OBJECTIVE This systematic review examined epidemiologic studies on the modifying roles of social, child, genetic and maternal characteristics in associations between prenatal and early postnatal air pollution exposure and ASD. METHODS A systematic literature search in PubMed and Embase was conducted. Studies that examined modifiers of the association between air pollution and ASD were included. RESULTS A total of 19 publications examined modifiers of the associations between early life air pollution exposures and ASD. In general, estimates of effects on risk of ASD in boys were larger than in girls (based on 11 studies). Results from studies of effects of family education (2 studies) and neighborhood deprivation (2 studies) on air pollution-ASD associations were inconsistent. Limited data (1 study) suggest pregnant women with insufficient folic acid intake might be more susceptible to ambient particulate matter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and 10 μm (PM10) in aerodynamic diameter, and to nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Children of mothers with gestational diabetes had increased risk of ozone-associated ASD (1 study). Two genetic studies reported that copy number variations may amplify the effect of ozone, and MET rs1858830 CC genotype may augment effects of PM and near-roadway pollutants on ASD. CONCLUSIONS Child's sex, maternal nutrition or diabetes, socioeconomic factors, and child risk genotypes were reported to modify the effect of early-life air pollutants on ASD risk in the epidemiologic literature. However, the sparsity of studies on comparable modifying hypotheses precludes conclusive findings. Further research is needed to identify susceptible populations and potential targets for preventive intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Spatial Science Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Md Mostafijur Rahman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhongying Wang
- Spatial Science Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah A Carter
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhanghua Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Hackman
- USC Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jiu-Chiuan Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anny H Xiang
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Sidell MA, Chen Z, Huang BZ, Chow T, Eckel SP, Martinez MP, Lurmann F, Thomas DC, Gilliland FD, Xiang AH. Ambient air pollution and COVID-19 incidence during four 2020-2021 case surges. Environ Res 2022; 208:112758. [PMID: 35063430 PMCID: PMC8767981 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution exposure may make people more vulnerable to COVID-19 infection. However, previous studies in this area mostly focused on infection before May 2020 and long-term exposure. OBJECTIVE To assess both long-term and short-term exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 incidence across four case surges from 03/1/2020 to 02/28/2021. METHODS The cohort included 4.6 million members from a large integrated health care system in southern California with comprehensive electronic medical records (EMR). COVID-19 cases were identified from EMR. Incidence of COVID-19 was computed at the census tract-level among members. Prior 1-month and 1-year averaged air pollutant levels (PM2.5, NO2, and O3) at the census tract-level were estimated based on hourly and daily air quality data. Data analyses were conducted by each wave: 3/1/2020-5/31/2020, 6/1/202-9/30/2020, 10/1/2020-12/31/2020, and 1/1/2021-2/28/2021 and pooled across waves using meta-analysis. Generalized linear mixed effects models with Poisson distribution and spatial autocorrelation were used with adjustment for meteorological factors and census tract-level social and health characteristics. Results were expressed as relative risk (RR) per 1 standard deviation. RESULTS The cohort included 446,440 COVID-19 cases covering 4609 census tracts. The pooled RRs (95% CI) of COVID-19 incidence associated with 1-year exposures to PM2.5, NO2, and O3 were 1.11 (1.04, 1.18) per 2.3 μg/m3,1.09 (1.02, 1.17) per 3.2 ppb, and 1.06 (1.00, 1.12) per 5.5 ppb respectively. The corresponding RRs (95% CI) associated with prior 1-month exposures were 1.11 (1.03, 1.20) per 5.2 μg/m3 for PM2.5, 1.09 (1.01, 1.17) per 6.0 ppb for NO2 and 0.96 (0.85, 1.08) per 12.0 ppb for O3. CONCLUSION Long-term PM2.5 and NO2 exposures were associated with increased risk of COVID-19 incidence across all case surges before February 2021. Short-term PM2.5 and NO2 exposures were also associated. Our findings suggest that air pollution may play a role in increasing the risk of COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margo A Sidell
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Zhanghua Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brian Z Huang
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA; Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ting Chow
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mayra P Martinez
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Duncan C Thomas
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Frank D Gilliland
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anny H Xiang
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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Costello E, Rock S, Stratakis N, Eckel SP, Walker DI, Valvi D, Cserbik D, Jenkins T, Xanthakos SA, Kohli R, Sisley S, Vasiliou V, La Merrill MA, Rosen H, Conti DV, McConnell R, Chatzi L. Exposure to per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Markers of Liver Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Environ Health Perspect 2022; 130:46001. [PMID: 35475652 PMCID: PMC9044977 DOI: 10.1289/ehp10092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental evidence indicates that exposure to certain pollutants is associated with liver damage. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent synthetic chemicals widely used in industry and consumer products and bioaccumulate in food webs and human tissues, such as the liver. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis evaluating PFAS exposure and evidence of liver injury from rodent and epidemiological studies. METHODS PubMed and Embase were searched for all studies from earliest available indexing year through 1 December 2021 using keywords corresponding to PFAS exposure and liver injury. For data synthesis, results were limited to studies in humans and rodents assessing the following indicators of liver injury: serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, or steatosis. For human studies, at least three observational studies per PFAS were used to conduct a weighted z-score meta-analysis to determine the direction and significance of associations. For rodent studies, data were synthesized to qualitatively summarize the direction and significance of effect. RESULTS Our search yielded 85 rodent studies and 24 epidemiological studies, primarily of people from the United States. Studies focused primarily on legacy PFAS: perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorohexanesulfonic acid. Meta-analyses of human studies revealed that higher ALT levels were associated with exposure to PFOA (z-score= 6.20, p<0.001), PFOS (z-score= 3.55, p<0.001), and PFNA (z-score= 2.27, p=0.023). PFOA exposure was also associated with higher aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels in humans. In rodents, PFAS exposures consistently resulted in higher ALT levels and steatosis. CONCLUSION There is consistent evidence for PFAS hepatotoxicity from rodent studies, supported by associations of PFAS and markers of liver function in observational human studies. This review identifies a need for additional research evaluating next-generation PFAS, mixtures, and early life exposures. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10092.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Costello
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sarah Rock
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nikos Stratakis
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sandrah P. Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Douglas I. Walker
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Damaskini Valvi
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dora Cserbik
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Todd Jenkins
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Stavra A. Xanthakos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Rohit Kohli
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stephanie Sisley
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michele A. La Merrill
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Hugo Rosen
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - David V. Conti
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Abstract
Exploration is considered essential to infant learning, but few studies have quantified infants' task exploration. The purpose of this study was to quantify how infants explored task space with their feet while learning to activate a kick-activated mobile. Data were analyzed from fifteen 4-month-old infants who participated in a 10-min mobile task on 2-3 consecutive days. Infants learned that their vertical leg movements above a systematically increased threshold height activated the mobile. Five kinematic variables were analyzed: 1) exploration space volume, 2) exploration path length, 3) duration of time in the region of interest around the threshold that activated the mobile, 4) task-specific vertical variance of kicks, and 5) non-task-specific horizontal variance of kicks. The infants increased their general spatial exploration, volume and path, and the infants adapted their exploration by maintaining their feet within the region of interest although the task-specific region increased in height as the threshold increased. The infants used task-specific strategies quantified by the increased variance of kicks in the vertical direction and no change in the horizontal variance of kicks. Quantifying infants' task exploration may provide critical insights into how learning emerges in infancy and enable researchers to more systematically describe, interpret, and support learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Ah Kim
- Division of Biokinesiology & Physical Therapy, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 1540 E. Alcazar St., CHP 155, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Sungwoo Park
- Division of Biokinesiology & Physical Therapy, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 1540 E. Alcazar St., CHP 155, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Linda Fetters
- Division of Biokinesiology & Physical Therapy, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 1540 E. Alcazar St., CHP 155, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Sandrah P. Eckel
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Masayoshi Kubo
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Barbara Sargent
- Division of Biokinesiology & Physical Therapy, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 1540 E. Alcazar St., CHP 155, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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50
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Rahman MM, Liu FF, Eckel SP, Sankaranarayanan I, Shafiei-Jahani P, Howard E, Baronikian L, Sattler F, Lurmann FW, Allayee H, Akbari O, McConnell R. Near-roadway air pollution, immune cells and adipokines among obese young adults. Environ Health 2022; 21:36. [PMID: 35305663 PMCID: PMC8933931 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00842-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution has been associated with metabolic disease and obesity. Adipokines are potential mediators of these effects, but studies of air pollution-adipokine relationships are inconclusive. Macrophage and T cells in adipose tissue (AT) and blood modulate inflammation; however, the role of immune cells in air pollution-induced dysregulation of adipokines has not been studied. We examined the association between air pollution exposure and circulating and AT adipokine concentrations, and whether these relationships were modified by macrophage and T cell numbers in the blood and AT. METHODS Fasting blood and abdominal subcutaneous AT biopsies were collected from 30 overweight/obese 18-26 year-old volunteers. Flow cytometry was used to quantify T effector (Teff, inflammatory) and regulatory (Treg, anti-inflammatory) lymphocytes and M1 [inflammatory] and M2 [anti-inflammatory]) macrophage cell number. Serum and AT leptin and adiponectin were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Exposure to near-roadway air pollution (NRAP) from freeway and non-freeway vehicular sources and to regional particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ozone were estimated for the year prior to biopsy, based on participants' residential addresses. Linear regression models were used to examine the association between air pollution exposures and adipokines and to evaluate effect modification by immune cell counts. RESULTS An interquartile increase in non-freeway NRAP exposure during 1 year prior to biopsy was associated with higher leptin levels in both serum [31.7% (95% CI: 10.4, 52.9%)] and AT [19.4% (2.2, 36.6%)]. Non-freeway NRAP exposure effect estimates were greater among participants with greater than median Teff/Treg ratio and M1/M2 ratio in blood, and with greater M1 counts in AT. No adipokine associations with regional air pollutants were found. DISCUSSION Our results suggest that NRAP may increase serum leptin levels in obese young adults, and this association may be promoted in a pro-inflammatory immune cell environment in blood and AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mostafijur Rahman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street Building: SSB, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Fei Fei Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street Building: SSB, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street Building: SSB, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Ishwarya Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Pedram Shafiei-Jahani
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Emily Howard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lilit Baronikian
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fred Sattler
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Hooman Allayee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street Building: SSB, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Omid Akbari
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street Building: SSB, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
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