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Gao X, Zhu M, Long Y, Zhang X, Min D. Heterogeneous reaction of NO 2 with hematite: The effects of UV irradiation, O 2 and relative humidity. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2024; 314:124205. [PMID: 38569389 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Heterogeneous reactions on mineral dust surfaces are increasingly considered important in the removal of gaseous pollutants and the formation of secondary aerosols. Although the heterogeneous reaction of NO2 on the hematite surface has been investigated in many previous studies, little is known about the reaction of NO2 with hematite under ambient conditions. In this work, heterogeneous reactions of NO2 with hematite at 298 K were investigated via a coated-wall flow tube reactor and in situ diffuse reflectance Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS). The influence of UV illumination, relative humidity (RH) and O2 on the uptake coefficients and adsorption amount of NO2, as well as the nitrate formation on the hematite surface, has been analyzed comprehensively. UV irradiation shows a significant effect on the true uptake coefficient (γBET), which increases from 2.00 × 10-6 to 4.76 × 10-6 in the N2 stream and 1.32 × 10-6 to 4.07 × 10-6 in the air stream under dry conditions (∼0.3 % RH). RH (in the range of 0-67 %) exhibits an inhibitory effect on the adsorption of NO2 on the hematite surface because of the competition between NO2 and water molecules, that is, γBET and adsorption amount of NO2 decrease with an increase in RH under both the dark and light reaction conditions. Meanwhile, both the γBET and adsorption amount of NO2 on hematite decrease in the air stream compared to those in N2 conditions. In addition, the results from the DRIFTS experiments indicate that the presence of UV irradiation promotes the conversion of NO2 to nitrate and both the RH and O2 suppress the nitrate formation. From this research, the heterogeneous reactions between NO2 with mineral dust under ambient conditions will be better understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Gao
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China.
| | - Menglong Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Yu Long
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Dandan Min
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
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2
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Chu L, Chen K, Yang Z, Crowley S, Dubrow R. A unified framework for assessing interaction effects among environmental exposures in epidemiologic studies: A case study on temperature, air pollution, and kidney-related conditions in New York state. Environ Res 2024; 248:118324. [PMID: 38301759 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are various methods to assess interaction effects. However, current methods have limitations, and quantification of interaction effects is rarely performed. This study aimed to develop a unified quantitative framework for assessing interaction effects. METHODS We proposed a novel framework using log-linear models with a product term(s) across the exposures that generates parametric bi-variate association and interaction effect surfaces and allows flexible functional forms for exposures in the interaction term(s). In a case study, we assessed the interaction effects between temperature and air pollution (i.e., PM2.5, NO2, and O3) on risk for kidney-related conditions in New York State (2007-2016) using a case-crossover design with conditional logistic models. Our measures of exposure were the moving averages at lag 0-5 days for air pollution (linear) and daytime mean outdoor wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT; using a natural cubic spline). RESULTS We derived closed-form expressions for the magnitude of multiplicative interaction effects (the joint relative risk divided by the product of the two conditional relative risks) and their uncertainties. In the case study, we found a Bonferroni-corrected significant multiplicative interaction effect (IE) between outdoor WBGT at the 99th percentile (median as the reference) and (1) PM2.5 (per 5 μg/m3 increase, IE = 1.052; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.019, 1.087) for acute kidney failure and (2) O3 (per 5 ppb increase; IE = 1.022; 95 % CI: 1.008, 1.036) for urolithiasis (the latter being inconclusive based on the sensitivity analysis). CONCLUSIONS Our framework allows different functional forms of exposure variables in the interaction term, quantifies the magnitudes of entire-exposure-range (in addition to discrete exposure level) multiplicative interaction effects and their uncertainties in a categorical or continuous (linear or non-linear) manner, and harmonizes the two-way evaluation of effect modification. The case study underscores co-consideration of heat and air pollution when estimating health burden and designing heat/pollution alert systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Chu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8034, USA; Yale Center on Climate Change and Health, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8034, USA.
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8034, USA; Yale Center on Climate Change and Health, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8034, USA
| | - Zhuoran Yang
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Yale University, 24 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06511-6814, USA
| | - Susan Crowley
- Department of Medicine (Nephrology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA; Veterans Administration Health Care System of Connecticut, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Robert Dubrow
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8034, USA; Yale Center on Climate Change and Health, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8034, USA
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Simões M, Zorn J, Hogerwerf L, Velders GJM, Portengen L, Gerlofs-Nijland M, Dijkema M, Strak M, Jacobs J, Wesseling J, de Vries WJ, Mijnen-Visser S, Smit LAM, Vermeulen R, Mughini-Gras L. Outdoor air pollution as a risk factor for testing positive for SARS-CoV-2: A nationwide test-negative case-control study in the Netherlands. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 259:114382. [PMID: 38652943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Air pollution is a known risk factor for several diseases, but the extent to which it influences COVID-19 compared to other respiratory diseases remains unclear. We performed a test-negative case-control study among people with COVID-19-compatible symptoms who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection, to assess whether their long- and short-term exposure to ambient air pollution (AAP) was associated with testing positive (vs. negative) for SARS-CoV-2. We used individual-level data for all adult residents in the Netherlands who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 between June and November 2020, when only symptomatic people were tested, and modeled ambient concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, NO2 and O3 at geocoded residential addresses. In long-term exposure analysis, we selected individuals who did not change residential address in 2017-2019 (1.7 million tests) and considered the average concentrations of PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 in that period, and different sources of PM (industry, livestock, other agricultural activities, road traffic, other Dutch sources, foreign sources). In short-term exposure analysis, individuals not changing residential address in the two weeks before testing day (2.7 million tests) were included in the analyses, thus considering 1- and 2-week average concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, NO2 and O3 before testing day as exposure. Mixed-effects logistic regression analysis with adjustment for several confounders, including municipality and testing week to account for spatiotemporal variation in viral circulation, was used. Overall, there was no statistically significant effect of long-term exposure to the studied pollutants on the odds of testing positive vs. negative for SARS-CoV-2. However, significant positive associations of long-term exposure to PM10 and PM2.5 from specifically foreign and livestock sources, and to PM10 from other agricultural sources, were observed. Short-term exposure to PM10 (adjusting for NO2) and PM2.5 were also positively associated with increased odds of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2. While these exposures seemed to increase COVID-19 risk relative to other respiratory diseases, the underlying biological mechanisms remain unclear. This study reinforces the need to continue to strive for better air quality to support public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Simões
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jelle Zorn
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Lenny Hogerwerf
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Guus J M Velders
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Environmental Quality (MIL), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Lützen Portengen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Miriam Gerlofs-Nijland
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Sustainability, Environment and Health (DMG), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Dijkema
- Municipal Health Services, Provinces of Overijssel and Gelderland, the Netherlands
| | - Maciek Strak
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Sustainability, Environment and Health (DMG), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - José Jacobs
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Sustainability, Environment and Health (DMG), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Joost Wesseling
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Environmental Quality (MIL), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Wilco J de Vries
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Environmental Quality (MIL), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Mijnen-Visser
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Environmental Quality (MIL), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Lidwien A M Smit
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lapo Mughini-Gras
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
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Yuan Z, Shen Y, Hoek G, Vermeulen R, Kerckhoffs J. LUR modeling of long-term average hourly concentrations of NO 2 using hyperlocal mobile monitoring data. Sci Total Environ 2024; 922:171251. [PMID: 38417522 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Mobile monitoring campaigns have effectively captured spatial hyperlocal variations in long-term average concentrations of regulated and unregulated air pollutants. However, their application in estimating spatiotemporally varying maps has rarely been investigated. Tackling this gap, we investigated whether mobile measurements can assess long-term average nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations for each hour of the day. Using mobile NO2 data monitored for 10 months in Amsterdam, we examined the performance of two spatiotemporal land use regression (LUR) methods, Spatiotemporal-Kriging and GTWR (Geographical and Temporal Weighted Regression), alongside two classical spatial LUR models developed separately for each hour. We found that mobile measurements follow the general pattern of fixed-site measurements, but with considerable deviations (indicating collection uncertainty). Leveraging heterogeneous spatiotemporal autocorrelations, GTWR smoothed these deviations and achieved an overall performance of an R2 of 0.49 and a Mean Absolute Error of 6.33 μg/m3, validated by long-term fixed-site measurements (out-of-sample). The other models tested were more affected by the collection uncertainty. We highlighted that the spatiotemporal variations captured in mobile measurements can be used to reconstruct long-term average hourly air pollution maps. These maps facilitate dynamic exposure assessments considering spatiotemporal human activity patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Yuan
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Youchen Shen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre, University of Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jules Kerckhoffs
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Azimi F, Hafezi F, Ghaderpoori M, Kamarehie B, Karami MA, Sorooshian A, Baghani AN. Temporal characteristics and health effects related to NO 2, O 3, and SO 2 in an urban area of Iran. Environ Pollut 2024; 349:123975. [PMID: 38615834 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
This study reports on temporal variations of NO2, O3, and SO2 pollutants and their related health effects in urban air of Khorramabad, Iran using AirQ 2.2.3 software. Based on data between 2015 and 2021, hourly NO2, O3, and SO2 concentrations increase starting at 6:00 a.m. local time until 9:00 p.m., 3:00 p.m., and 7:00 p.m. local time, respectively, before gradually decreasing. The highest monthly NO2, O3, and SO2 concentrations are observed in October, August, and September, respectively. Annual median NO2, O3, and SO2 concentrations range between 17 ppb and 38.8 ppb, 17.5 ppb-36.6 ppb, and ∼14 ppb-30.8 ppb, respectively. Two to 93 days and 17-156 days between 2015 and 2021 exhibit daily concentrations of NO2 and SO2 ≤ WHO AQGs, respectively, while 187-294 days have 8-h maximum O3 concentrations ≤ WHO AQGs. The mean excess mortality ascribed to respiratory mortality, cardiovascular mortality, hospital admissions for COPD, and acute myocardial infraction are 121, 603, 39, and 145 during 2015-2021, respectively. O3 is found to exert more significant health effects compared to SO2 and NO2, resulting in higher cardiovascular mortality. The gradual increase in NO2 and possibly O3 over the study period is suspected to be due to economic sanctions, while SO2 decreased due to regulatory activity. Sustainable control strategies such as improving fuel quality, promoting public transportation and vehicle retirement, applying subsidies for purchase of electric vehicles, and application of European emission standards on automobiles can help decrease target pollutant levels in ambient air of cities in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faramarz Azimi
- Environmental Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Fariba Hafezi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mansour Ghaderpoori
- Environmental Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Bahram Kamarehie
- Environmental Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Karami
- Environmental Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Armin Sorooshian
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Abbas Norouzian Baghani
- Environmental Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
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6
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Ji N, Eckel SP, Foley H, Yang T, Lurmann F, Grubbs BH, Habre R, Bastain TM, Farzan SF, Breton CV. Prenatal air pollution exposure is associated with inflammatory, cardiovascular, and metabolic biomarkers in mothers and newborns. Environ Res 2024; 252:118797. [PMID: 38555084 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal air pollution exposure has been associated with individual inflammatory, cardiovascular, and metabolic biomarkers in mothers and neonates. However, studies of air pollution and a comprehensive panel of biomarkers across maternal and cord blood samples remain limited. Few studies used data-driven methods to identify biomarker groupings that converge biomarkers from multiple biological pathways. This study aims to investigate the impacts of prenatal air pollution on groups of biomarkers in maternal and cord blood samples. METHODS In the Maternal And Developmental Risks from Environmental and Social Stressors (MADRES) cohort, 87 biomarkers were quantified from 45 trimester 1 maternal blood and 55 cord blood samples. Pregnancy and trimester 1-averaged concentrations of particulate matter ≤2.5 μm and ≤10 μm in diameter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) were estimated, using inverse distance squared weighted spatial interpolation from regulatory air monitoring stations. Traffic-related NOx was assessed using California Line Source Dispersion Model: freeway/highway roads, non-freeway major roads, non-freeway minor roads, and their sum as total NOx. Elastic Net (EN) regression within the rexposome R package was used to group biomarkers and assess their associations with air pollution. RESULTS In maternal samples, trimester 1-averaged PM10 was associated with elevated inflammation biomarkers and lowered cardiovascular biomarkers. NO2 exhibited positive associations with cardiovascular and inflammation markers. O3 was inversely associated with inflammation, metabolic, and cardiovascular biomarkers. In cord blood, pregnancy-averaged PM2.5 was associated with higher cardiovascular biomarkers and lower metabolic biomarkers. PM10 was associated with lower inflammation and higher cardiovascular biomarkers. Total and major road NOx was associated with lower cardiovascular biomarkers. CONCLUSION Prenatal air pollution exposure was associated with changes in biomarkers related to inflammation, cardiovascular, metabolic, cancer, and neurological function in both mothers and neonates. This study shed light on mechanisms by which air pollution can influence biological function during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Ji
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States
| | - Helen Foley
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States
| | - Tingyu Yang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States
| | - Fred Lurmann
- Sonoma Technology Inc., Petaluma, CA, 94954, United States
| | - Brendan H Grubbs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States
| | - Rima Habre
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States
| | - Theresa M Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States
| | - Shohreh F Farzan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States
| | - Carrie V Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States.
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7
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Qi H, Duan W, Cheng S, Huang Z, Hou X. Research on regional ozone prevention and control strategies in eastern China based on pollutant transport network and FNR. Sci Total Environ 2024; 918:170486. [PMID: 38311077 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
O3 pollution in China has worsened sharply in recent years, and O3 formation sensitivity (OFS) in many regions have gradually changed, with eastern China as the most typical region. This study constructed the transport networks of O3 and NO2 in different seasons from 2017 to 2020. The transport trends and the clustering formation patterns were summarized by analyzing the topological characteristics of the transport networks, and the patterns of OFS changes were diagnosed by analyzing the satellite remote sensing data. Based on that, the main clusters that each province or city belongs to in different pollutant transport networks were summarized and proposals for the inter-regional joint prevention and control were put forward. As the results showed, O3 transport activity was most active in spring and summer and least active in winter, while NO2 transport activity was most active in autumn and winter and least active in summer. OFS in summer mainly consisted of transitional regimes and NOx-limited regimes, while that in other seasons was mainly VOC-limited regimes. Notably, there was a significant upward trend in the proportion of transitional regimes and NOx-limited regimes in spring, autumn, and winter. For regions showing NOx-limited regime, areas with higher out-weighted degrees in the NO2 transport network should focus on controlling local NOx emissions, such as central regions in summer. For regions showing VOC-limited regime, areas with higher out-weighted degrees in the O3 transport network should focus on controlling local VOCs emissions, such as central and south-central regions in summer. For regions that belong to the same cluster and present the same OFS in each specific season, regional cooperative emission reduction strategies should be established to block important transmission paths and weaken regional pollution consistency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyun Qi
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Wenjiao Duan
- Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Shuiyuan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Zijian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiaosong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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Zhang D, Luo N, Xue Z, Bai Y, Xu J. Hierarchically porous ZnO derived from zeolitic imidazolate frameworks for high-sensitive MEMS NO 2 sensor. Talanta 2024; 274:125995. [PMID: 38599115 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) porous metal oxide nanomaterials with controllable morphology and well-defined pore size have attracted extensive attention in the field of gas sensing. Herein, hierarchically porous ZnO-450 was obtained simply by annealing Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks (ZIF-90) microcrystals at an optimal temperature of 450 °C, and the effect of annealing temperature on the formation of porous nanostructure was discussed. Then the as-obtained ZnO-450 was employed as sensing materials to construct a Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) gas sensor for detecting NO2. The MEMS sensor based on ZnO-450 displays the excellent gas-sensing performances at a lower working temperature (190 °C), such as high response value (242.18% @ 10 ppm), fast response/recovery time (9/26 s) and ultralow limit of detection (35 ppb). The ZnO-450 sensor shows better sensing performance for NO2 detection than ZnO-based composites materials or commercial ZnO nanoparticles (NPs), which are attributed to its unique hierarchically structures with high porosity and larger surface area. This ZIFs driven strategy can be expected to pave a new pathway for the design of high-performance NO2 sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- NEST Lab, Department of Physics, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Hainan Engineering Research Center of Tropical Ocean Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, 571158, Haikou, China
| | - Na Luo
- NEST Lab, Department of Physics, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Zhenggang Xue
- NEST Lab, Department of Physics, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yueling Bai
- NEST Lab, Department of Physics, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Jiaqiang Xu
- NEST Lab, Department of Physics, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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9
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Sarwar G, Hogrefe C, Henderson BH, Mathur R, Gilliam R, Callaghan AB, Lee J, Carpenter LJ. Impact of particulate nitrate photolysis on air quality over the Northern Hemisphere. Sci Total Environ 2024; 917:170406. [PMID: 38281631 PMCID: PMC10922608 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
We use the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQv5.4) model to examine the potential impact of particulate nitrate (pNO3-) photolysis on air quality over the Northern Hemisphere. We estimate the photolysis frequency of pNO3- by scaling the photolysis frequency of nitric acid (HNO3) with an enhancement factor that varies between 10 and 100 depending on pNO3- and sea-salt aerosol concentrations and then perform CMAQ simulations without and with pNO3- photolysis to quantify the range of impacts on tropospheric composition. The photolysis of pNO3- produces gaseous nitrous acid (HONO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) over seawater thereby increasing atmospheric HONO and NO2 mixing ratios. HONO subsequently undergoes photolysis, producing hydroxyl radicals (OH). The increase in NO2 and OH alters atmospheric chemistry and enhances the atmospheric ozone (O3) mixing ratio over seawater, which is subsequently transported to downwind continental regions. Seasonal mean model O3 vertical column densities without pNO3- photolysis are lower than the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) retrievals, while the column densities with the pNO3- photolysis agree better with the OMI retrievals of tropospheric O3 burden. We compare model O3 mixing ratios with available surface observed data from the U.S., Japan, the Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report - Phase II, and OpenAQ; and find that the model without pNO3- photolysis underestimates the observed data in winter and spring seasons and the model with pNO3- photolysis improves the comparison in both seasons, largely rectifying the pronounced underestimation in spring. Compared to measurements from the western U.S., model O3 mixing ratios with pNO3- photolysis agree better with observed data in all months due to the persistent underestimation of O3 without pNO3- photolysis. Compared to the ozonesonde measurements, model O3 mixing ratios with pNO3- photolysis also agree better with observed data than the model O3 without pNO3- photolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golam Sarwar
- Center for Environmental Measurement & Modeling, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - Christian Hogrefe
- Center for Environmental Measurement & Modeling, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Barron H Henderson
- Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Rohit Mathur
- Center for Environmental Measurement & Modeling, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Robert Gilliam
- Center for Environmental Measurement & Modeling, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Anna B Callaghan
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories (WACL), Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - James Lee
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories (WACL), Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Lucy J Carpenter
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories (WACL), Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
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10
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Martín F, Janssen S, Rodrigues V, Sousa J, Santiago JL, Rivas E, Stocker J, Jackson R, Russo F, Villani MG, Tinarelli G, Barbero D, José RS, Pérez-Camanyo JL, Santos GS, Bartzis J, Sakellaris I, Horváth Z, Környei L, Liszkai B, Kovács Á, Jurado X, Reiminger N, Thunis P, Cuvelier C. Using dispersion models at microscale to assess long-term air pollution in urban hot spots: A FAIRMODE joint intercomparison exercise for a case study in Antwerp. Sci Total Environ 2024; 925:171761. [PMID: 38494008 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
In the framework of the Forum for Air Quality Modelling in Europe (FAIRMODE), a modelling intercomparison exercise for computing NO2 long-term average concentrations in urban districts with a very high spatial resolution was carried out. This exercise was undertaken for a district of Antwerp (Belgium). Air quality data includes data recorded in air quality monitoring stations and 73 passive samplers deployed during one-month period in 2016. The modelling domain was 800 × 800 m2. Nine modelling teams participated in this exercise providing results from fifteen different modelling applications based on different kinds of model approaches (CFD - Computational Fluid Dynamics-, Lagrangian, Gaussian, and Artificial Intelligence). Some approaches consisted of models running the complete one-month period on an hourly basis, but most others used a scenario approach, which relies on simulations of scenarios representative of wind conditions combined with post-processing to retrieve a one-month average of NO2 concentrations. The objective of this study is to evaluate what type of modelling system is better suited to get a good estimate of long-term averages in complex urban districts. This is very important for air quality assessment under the European ambient air quality directives. The time evolution of NO2 hourly concentrations during a day of relative high pollution was rather well estimated by all models. Relative to high resolution spatial distribution of one-month NO2 averaged concentrations, Gaussian models were not able to give detailed information, unless they include building data and street-canyon parameterizations. The models that account for complex urban geometries (i.e. CFD, Lagrangian, and AI models) appear to provide better estimates of the spatial distribution of one-month NO2 averages concentrations in the urban canopy. Approaches based on steady CFD-RANS (Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes) model simulations of meteorological scenarios seem to provide good results with similar quality to those obtained with an unsteady one-month period CFD-RANS simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Martín
- CIEMAT, Research Center for Energy, Environment and Technology, Avenida Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - S Janssen
- VITO NV, Flemish Institute for Research and Technology, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - V Rodrigues
- CESAM & Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - J Sousa
- VITO NV, Flemish Institute for Research and Technology, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - J L Santiago
- CIEMAT, Research Center for Energy, Environment and Technology, Avenida Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - E Rivas
- CIEMAT, Research Center for Energy, Environment and Technology, Avenida Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Stocker
- Cambridge Environmental Research Consultants (CERC), UK
| | - R Jackson
- Cambridge Environmental Research Consultants (CERC), UK
| | - F Russo
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - M G Villani
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - G Tinarelli
- ARIANET S.r.l., via Crespi 57, 20159 Milano, Italy
| | - D Barbero
- ARIANET S.r.l., via Crespi 57, 20159 Milano, Italy
| | - R San José
- Computer Science School, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Campus de Montegancedo, s/n, 28660 Madrid, Spain
| | - J L Pérez-Camanyo
- Computer Science School, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Campus de Montegancedo, s/n, 28660 Madrid, Spain
| | - G Sousa Santos
- NILU - The Climate and Environmental Research Institute, Norway
| | - J Bartzis
- University of Western Macedonia (UOWM), Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Sialvera & Bakola Str., 50132 Kozani, Greece
| | - I Sakellaris
- University of Western Macedonia (UOWM), Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Sialvera & Bakola Str., 50132 Kozani, Greece
| | - Z Horváth
- SZE, Széchenyi István University, Győr, Hungary
| | - L Környei
- SZE, Széchenyi István University, Győr, Hungary
| | - B Liszkai
- SZE, Széchenyi István University, Győr, Hungary
| | - Á Kovács
- SZE, Széchenyi István University, Győr, Hungary
| | | | - N Reiminger
- AIR&D, Strasbourg, France; ICUBE Laboratory, UMR 7357, CNRS/University of Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - P Thunis
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - C Cuvelier
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
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11
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Li J, Liu L, Gu J, Cao M, Lei J, Li H, He J, He J. The impact of air pollutants on spontaneous abortion: a case-control study in Tongchuan City. Public Health 2024; 227:267-273. [PMID: 38320452 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies related to air pollutants and spontaneous abortion in urban northwestern China are scarce, and the main exposure windows of pollutants acting on pregnant women are unclear. STUDY DESIGN Case-control study. METHODS Data were collected from pregnant women in Tongchuan City from 2018 to 2019. A total of 289 cases of spontaneous abortion and 1156 cases of full-term labor were included and analyzed using a case-control study. Logistic regression models were developed to explore the relationship between air pollutants and spontaneous abortion after Chi square analysis and Air pollutant description. RESULTS O3 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.028) is a risk factor for spontaneous abortion throughout pregnancy. PM2.5 (OR = 1.015), PM10 (OR = 1.010), SO2 (OR = 1.026), and NO2 (OR = 1.028) are risk factors for spontaneous abortion in the 30 days before the last menstrual period. PM2.5 (OR = 1.015), PM10 (OR = 1.013), SO2 (OR = 1.036), and NO2 (OR = 1.033) are risk factors for spontaneous abortion in the 30-60 days before the last menstrual period. PM2.5 (OR = 1.028), PM10 (OR = 1.013), SO2 (OR = 1.035), and NO2 (OR = 1.059) are risk factors for spontaneous abortion in the 60-90 days before the last menstrual period. CONCLUSION Exposure to high levels of air pollutants may be a cause of increased risk of spontaneous abortion, especially in the first trimester of the last menstrual period.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- Medical School of Yan'an University, Shaanxi, China
| | - L Liu
- Medical School of Yan'an University, Shaanxi, China
| | - J Gu
- Medical School of Yan'an University, Shaanxi, China
| | - M Cao
- Medical School of Yan'an University, Shaanxi, China
| | - J Lei
- Yan'an University School Hospital, Shaanxi, China
| | - H Li
- Department of Laboratory, Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital, Shaanxi, China
| | - J He
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science of Yan'an University, Shaanxi, China
| | - J He
- Medical School of Yan'an University, Shaanxi, China.
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12
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Kovács KD, Haidu I. Modeling NO 2 air pollution variation during and after COVID-19-regulation using principal component analysis of satellite imagery. Environ Pollut 2024; 342:122973. [PMID: 37989406 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
By implementing Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of multitemporal satellite data, this paper presents modeling solutions for air pollutant variation in three scenarios related to COVID-19 lockdown: pre, during, and after lockdown. Tropospheric NO2 satellite data from Sentinel-5P was used. Two novel PCA-models were developed: Weighted Principal Component Analysis (WPCA) and Rescaled Principal Component Analysis (RPCA). Model results were tested for goodness-of-fit to empirical NO2 data. The models were used to predict actual near-surface NO2 concentrations. Model-predicted NO2 concentrations were validated with NO2 data acquired at ground monitoring stations. Besides, meteorological bias affecting NO2 was assessed. It was found that the weather component had substantial impact on NO2 built-ups, propitiating air pollutant decrease during lockdown and increase after. WPCA and RPCA models well fitted to observed NO2. Both models accurately estimated near-surface NO2 concentrations. Modeled NO2 variation results evidenced the prolongated effect of the total lockdown (up to half a year). Model-predicted NO2 concentrations were found to highly correlate with monitoring station NO2 data collected on the ground. It is concluded that PCA is reliable in identifying and predicting air pollution variation patterns. The implementation of PCA is recommended when analyzing other pollutant gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamill Dániel Kovács
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire LOTERR-EA7304, Île Du Saulcy, 57045, Metz, France.
| | - Ionel Haidu
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire LOTERR-EA7304, Île Du Saulcy, 57045, Metz, France
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13
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Ayyamperumal R, Banerjee A, Zhang Z, Nazir N, Li F, Zhang C, Huang X. Quantifying climate variation and associated regional air pollution in southern India using Google Earth Engine. Sci Total Environ 2024; 909:168470. [PMID: 37951269 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and regional air pollution have had significant proportional coherence and are collectively hazardous for the regional ecosystem. To conduct this present investigation, we obtained high-resolution remotely sensed datasets from 2001 to 2022. To estimate climate variation, we utilized Climate Hazard Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station Data Version 2.0 (CHIRPS) and Moderate Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Surface Temperature (LST). Additionally, we used Sentinel-5P datasets to collect spatio-temporal information for regional CO (Carbon Monoxide), NO2 (Nitrogen Dioxide), SO2 (Sulfur Dioxide), and UV Aerosol index for Coimbatore city. Numerous non-parametric and descriptive statistical applications were then employed to check the spatial integrity of satellite data products and spatio-temporal trends using Google Earth Engine algorithms. The study reveals most of the southern parts of Coimbatore city witnessed increased LST (0.10 °C/year) together with decreased rainfall (21.5 mm/year). Moreover, regional concentration of air pollutants exhibits spatio-temporal variability at annual and seasonal scales, where maximum engrossment is occupied by CO during the pre-monsoon and monsoon season. However, other pollutants are also dominant in the northern parts of the city, whereas NO2 and absorbing Aerosol during pre-monsoon season experienced significant increase throughout the years. Understanding the fluctuations in air pollution levels across different weather situations might help in developing targeted pollution reduction methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramamoorthy Ayyamperumal
- MOE Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources in Western China, College of Earth Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental System, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Abhishek Banerjee
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Donggang West Rd. 318, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Institute of Green Finance, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Nusrat Nazir
- MOE Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources in Western China, College of Earth Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, China
| | - Fengjie Li
- School of History and Culture, Lanzhou University-, Lanzhou 73000, China
| | - Chengjun Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources in Western China, College of Earth Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, China
| | - Xiaozhong Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental System, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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14
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Zhao Z, Lu Y, Zhan Y, Cheng Y, Yang F, Brook JR, He K. Long-term spatiotemporal variations in surface NO 2 for Beijing reconstructed from surface data and satellite retrievals. Sci Total Environ 2023; 904:166693. [PMID: 37657553 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Remote sensing data from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) play important roles in estimating surface nitrogen dioxide (NO2), but few studies have compared their differences for application in surface NO2 reconstruction. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of incorporating the tropospheric NO2 vertical column density (VCD) from OMI and TROPOMI (hereafter referred to as OMI and TROPOMI, respectively, for conciseness) for deriving surface NO2 and to apply the resulting data to revisit the spatiotemporal variations in surface NO2 for Beijing over the 2005-2020 period during which there were significant reductions in nitrogen oxide emissions. In the OMI versus TROPOMI performance comparison, the cross-validation R2 values were 0.73 and 0.72, respectively, at 1 km resolution and 0.69 for both at 100 m resolution. The comparisons between satellite data sources indicate that even though TROPOMI has a finer resolution it does not improve upon OMI for deriving surface NO2 at 1 km resolution, especially for analyzing long-term trends. In light of the comparison results, we used a hybrid approach based on machine learning to derive the spatiotemporal distribution of surface NO2 during 2005-2020 based on OMI. We had novel, independent passive sampling data collected weekly from July to September of 2008 for hindcasting validation and found a spatiotemporal R2 of 0.46 (RMSE = 7.0 ppb). Regarding the long-term trend of surface NO2, the level in 2008 was obviously lower than that in 2007 and 2009, as expected, which was attributed to pollution restrictions during the Olympic Games. The NO2 level started to steadily decline from 2015 and fell below 2008's level after 2017. Based on OMI, a long-term and fine-resolution surface NO2 dataset was developed for Beijing to support future environmental management questions and epidemiological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiang Zhao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Yichen Lu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Yu Zhan
- College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
| | - Yuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Fumo Yang
- College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Jeffrey R Brook
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kebin He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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15
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Zheng J, Xie P, Tian X, Xu J, Li A, Ren B, Hu F, Hu Z, Lv Y, Zhang Z, Liu W. McPrA - A new gas profile inversion algorithm for MAX-DOAS and apply to 50 m vertical resolution. Sci Total Environ 2023; 901:165828. [PMID: 37506914 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Air pollutants represent an environmental and health risk, and the methods for their effective assessment are of the greatest importance. The MAX-DOAS method is a reliable retrieval algorithm, enabling a vertical gas profile analysis. However, the current MAX-DOAS retrieval algorithm heavily relies on the a priori profile, limiting its accuracy. To address this issue, we introduced a novel MAX-DOAS trace gas profile inversion algorithm called McPrA, which is less dependent on the a priori profile. It employs the Monte Carlo method to resolve the problem of optimal estimation of trace gases. The gas vertical column density is obtained from the air mass factor calculated by SCIATRAN. Afterward, the trace gas vertical distribution is retrieved by combining the weight function with the a priori profile. A normalization process is also included to improve the matching of the weight function and the a priori profile. The McPrA algorithm enables greater flexibility in grid modification to achieve a higher vertical resolution of up to 50 m, while sensitivity experiments contribute to determining the optimal configuration of retrieval parameters, with a degree of freedom of over 3.0. Comparative verification experiments indicate that the McPrA algorithm accurately retrieves gas profiles, with a correlation coefficient of over 0.89 for NO2 in the first layer compared to in situ data. Furthermore, comparisons with WRF-Chem and the simulation of synthetic data demonstrate the effectiveness of the McPrA algorithm in accurately retrieving gas profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Pinhua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Xin Tian
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Ang Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Bo Ren
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Feng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhaokun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yinsheng Lv
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wenqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
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16
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Matthaios VN, Harrison RM, Koutrakis P, Bloss WJ. In-vehicle exposure to NO 2 and PM 2.5: A comprehensive assessment of controlling parameters and reduction strategies to minimise personal exposure. Sci Total Environ 2023; 900:165537. [PMID: 37454853 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Vehicles are the third most occupied microenvironment, other than home and workplace, in developed urban areas. Vehicle cabins are confined spaces where occupants can mitigate their exposure to on-road nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations. Understanding which parameters exert the greatest influence on in-vehicle exposure underpins advice to drivers and vehicle occupants in general. This study assessed the in-vehicle NO2 and PM2.5 levels and developed stepwise general additive mixed models (sGAMM) to investigate comprehensively the combined and individual influences of factors that influence the in-vehicle exposures. The mean in-vehicle levels were 19 ± 18 and 6.4 ± 2.7 μg/m3 for NO2 and PM2.5, respectively. sGAMM model identified significant factors explaining a large fraction of in-vehicle NO2 and PM2.5 variability, R2 = 0.645 and 0.723, respectively. From the model's explained variability on-road air pollution was the most important predictor accounting for 22.3 and 30 % of NO2 and PM2.5 variability, respectively. Vehicle-based predictors included manufacturing year, cabin size, odometer reading, type of cabin filter, ventilation fan speed power, window setting, and use of air recirculation, and together explained 48.7 % and 61.3 % of NO2 and PM2.5 variability, respectively, with 41.4 % and 51.9 %, related to ventilation preference and type of filtration media, respectively. Driving-based parameters included driving speed, traffic conditions, traffic lights, roundabouts, and following high emitters and accounted for 22 and 7.4 % of in-vehicle NO2 and PM2.5 exposure variability, respectively. Vehicle occupants can significantly reduce their in-vehicle exposure by moderating vehicle ventilation settings and by choosing an appropriate cabin air filter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios N Matthaios
- School of Geography Earth and Environmental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Roy M Harrison
- School of Geography Earth and Environmental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Department of Environmental Sciences/Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William J Bloss
- School of Geography Earth and Environmental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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17
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Filonchyk M, Peterson MP. NO 2 emissions from oil refineries in the Mississippi Delta. Sci Total Environ 2023; 898:165569. [PMID: 37459985 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Of the >17,943 thousand barrels per calendar day (bbl/d) of oil refining capacity located in the US, the Petroleum Administration for Defense District 3 (PADD-3) region has the largest number of refineries and accounts for >53 % (or 9607 tbbl/d) of all US oil refining capacity. Processing facilities in this area are mainly located on the Gulf of Mexico coast in Texas and Louisiana. This study selected a sub-region for analysis within the Mississippi River delta in the state of Louisiana between the cities of New Orleans and Baton Rouge. This region is characterized by intensive industrial activity connected with oil refining and related activities. The TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) detected highly localized NO2 vertical column densities (VCDs) over the two largest US refineries in Baton Rouge (503,000 bbl/d) and Garyville (578,000 bbl/d). TROPOMI NO2 VCD over these stations were 100 μmol/m2 and 80 μmol/m2, respectively. A high correlation coefficient (r = 0.65, p < 0.05) was also found between TROPOMI NO2 and population density. Data from the National Emissions Inventory (NEI) showed high NOx emissions from refineries and other industries including coal-fired power generation, chemical, and aluminum processing plants. The results of the NO2 analysis are of practical interest for a comparative assessment of air pollution, as well as for the exchange of best practices in the field of low-waste fuel combustion technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikalai Filonchyk
- Faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for National Geographic State Monitoring, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Michael P Peterson
- Department of Geography/Geology, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
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18
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Tzortziou M, Loughner CP, Goldberg DL, Judd L, Nauth D, Kwong CF, Lin T, Cede A, Abuhassan N. Intimately tracking NO 2 pollution over the New York City - Long Island Sound land-water continuum: An integration of shipboard, airborne, satellite observations, and models. Sci Total Environ 2023; 897:165144. [PMID: 37391145 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) pollution remains a serious global problem, particularly near highly populated urbanized coasts that face increasing challenges with climate change. Yet, the combined impact of urban emissions, pollution transport, and complex meteorology on the spatiotemporal dynamics of NO2 along heterogeneous urban coastlines remains poorly characterized. Here, we integrated measurements from different platforms - boats, ground-based networks, aircraft, and satellites - to characterize total column NO2 (TCNO2) dynamics across the land-water continuum in the New York metropolitan area, the most populous area in the United States that often experiences the highest national NO2 levels. Measurements were conducted during the 2018 Long Island Sound Tropospheric Ozone Study (LISTOS), with a main goal to extend surface measurements beyond the coastline - where ground-based air-quality monitoring networks abruptly stop - and over the aquatic environment where peaks in air pollution often occur. Satellite TCNO2 from TROPOMI correlated strongly with Pandora surface measurements (r = 0.87, N = 100) both over land and water. Yet, TROPOMI overall underestimated TCNO2 (MPD = -12%) and missed peaks in NO2 pollution caused by rush hour emissions or pollution accumulation during sea breezes. Aircraft retrievals were in excellent agreement with Pandora (r = 0.95, MPD = -0.3%, N = 108). Stronger agreement was found between TROPOMI, aircraft, and Pandora over land, while over water satellite, and to a lesser extent aircraft, retrievals underestimated TCNO2 particularly in the highly dynamic New York Harbor environment. Combined with model simulations, our shipborne measurements uniquely captured rapid transitions and fine-scale features in NO2 behavior across the New York City - Long Island Sound land-water continuum, driven by the complex interplay of human activity, chemistry, and local scale meteorology. These novel datasets provide critical information for improving satellite retrievals, enhancing air quality models, and informing management decisions, with important implications for the health of diverse communities and vulnerable ecosystems along this complex urban coastline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tzortziou
- Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.
| | | | - Daniel L Goldberg
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Laura Judd
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA
| | - Dilchand Nauth
- Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Charlotte F Kwong
- Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Tong Lin
- Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Alexander Cede
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; LuftBlick, Kreith, Austria; SciGlob Instruments and Services LLC, Columbia, MD 21046, USA
| | - Nader Abuhassan
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; SciGlob Instruments and Services LLC, Columbia, MD 21046, USA; Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Guilbert A, Bernard JY, Peyre H, Costet N, Hough I, Seyve E, Monfort C, Philippat C, Slama R, Kloog I, Chevrier C, Heude B, Ramus F, Lepeule J. Prenatal and childhood exposure to ambient air pollution and cognitive function in school-age children: Examining sensitive windows and sex-specific associations. Environ Res 2023; 235:116557. [PMID: 37423370 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combined effect of both prenatal and early postnatal exposure to ambient air pollution on child cognition has rarely been investigated and periods of sensitivity are unknown. This study explores the temporal relationship between pre- and postnatal exposure to PM10, PM2.5, NO2 and child cognitive function. METHODS Using validated spatiotemporally resolved exposure models, pre- and postnatal daily PM2.5, PM10 (satellite based, 1 km resolution) and NO2 (chemistry-transport model, 4 km resolution) concentrations at the mother's residence were estimated for 1271 mother-child pairs from the French EDEN and PELAGIE cohorts. Scores representative of children's General, Verbal and Non-Verbal abilities at 5-6 years were constructed based on subscale scores from the WPPSI-III, WISC-IV or NEPSY-II batteries, using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Associations of both prenatal (first 35 gestational weeks) and postnatal (60 months after birth) exposure to air pollutants with child cognition were explored using Distributed Lag Non-linear Models adjusted for confounders. RESULTS Increased maternal exposure to PM10, PM2.5 and NO2, during sensitive windows comprised between the 15th and the 33rd gestational weeks, was associated with lower males' General and Non-verbal abilities. Higher postnatal exposure to PM2.5 between the 35th and 52nd month of life was associated with lower males' General, Verbal and Non-verbal abilities. Some protective associations were punctually observed for the very first gestational weeks or months of life for both males and females and the different pollutants and cognitive scores. DISCUSSION These results suggest poorer cognitive function at 5-6 years among males following increased maternal exposure to PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 during mid-pregnancy and child exposure to PM2.5 around 3-4 years. Apparent protective associations observed are unlikely to be causal and might be due to live birth selection bias, chance finding or residual confounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Guilbert
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, 38700, La Tronche, France.
| | - Jonathan Y Bernard
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), 75004, Paris, France
| | - Hugo Peyre
- Centre de Ressources Autisme Languedoc-Roussillon et Centre d'Excellence sur l'Autisme et les Troubles Neuro-développementaux, CHU Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, 94807, Villejuif, France; Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, EHESS, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Costet
- Team of Epidemiology and Exposure Science in Health and Environment, Research Center on Environmental and Occupational Health (IRSET), Inserm, Université Rennes, EHESP, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Ian Hough
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, 38700, La Tronche, France; Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel; Institute of Environmental Geosciences (IGE), Université Grenoble Alpes, 38400, Saint Martin D'Hères, France
| | - Emie Seyve
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, 38700, La Tronche, France
| | - Christine Monfort
- Team of Epidemiology and Exposure Science in Health and Environment, Research Center on Environmental and Occupational Health (IRSET), Inserm, Université Rennes, EHESP, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Claire Philippat
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, 38700, La Tronche, France
| | - Rémy Slama
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, 38700, La Tronche, France
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Cécile Chevrier
- Team of Epidemiology and Exposure Science in Health and Environment, Research Center on Environmental and Occupational Health (IRSET), Inserm, Université Rennes, EHESP, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Barbara Heude
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), 75004, Paris, France
| | - Franck Ramus
- Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, EHESS, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Johanna Lepeule
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, 38700, La Tronche, France.
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Kim JY, Bharath SP, Mirzaei A, Kim HW, Kim SS. Classification and concentration estimation of CO and NO 2 mixtures under humidity using neural network-assisted pattern recognition analysis. J Hazard Mater 2023; 459:132153. [PMID: 37506649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
This study addresses the concerns regarding the cross-sensitivity of metal oxide sensors by building an array of sensors and subsequently utilizing machine earning techniques to analyze the data from the sensor arrays. Sensors were built using In2O3, Au-ZnO, Au-SnO2, and Pt-SnO2 and they were operated simultaneously in the presence of 25 different concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and their mixtures. To investigate the effects of humidity, experiments were conducted to detect 13 distinct CO and NO2 gas combinations in atmospheres with 40% and 90% relative humidity. Principal component analysis was performed for the normalized resistance variation collected for a particular gas atmosphere over a certain period, and the results were used to train deep neural network-based models. The dynamic curves produced by the sensor array were treated as pixelated images and a convolutional neural network was adopted for classification. An accuracy of 100% was achieved using both models during cross-validation and testing. The results indicate that this novel approach can eliminate the time-consuming feature extraction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Young Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ali Mirzaei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hyoun Woo Kim
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Sub Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Ma T, Niuhe J, Lu S, Zhang L, Zhou S, Liu J, Zhang W, Liu X, Ebere EC, Wang Q, Wang W. Comparison of the heterogeneous reaction of NO 2 on the surface of clay minerals and desert dust particles. Environ Pollut 2023; 334:122134. [PMID: 37414123 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Mineral particles in air could provide atmospheric chemical reaction interface for gaseous substances and participate in atmospheric chemical reaction process, and affecting the status and levels of gaseous pollutants in air. However, differences of the heterogenous reaction on the surface minerals particles are not very clear. Considering main mineral composition of ambient particles was from dust emission, therefore, typical clay minerals (chlorite, illite) and desert particles (Taklimakan Desert) were selected to analysize chemical reaction of NO2, one of major gaseous pollutants, on mineral particles by using of In-situ DRIFTS (diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy) under different condition. And In situ near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (In situ NAP-XPS) was employed to investigate iron (one of the major metals) species variation on the surface of mineral dust particles during the heterogeneous reactions. Our data show that humidity controlled by deuterium oxide (D2O) has a greater effect on chemical reactions compared to light and temperature. Under dry conditions, the amount of heterogeneous reaction products of NO2 on the particles shows Xiaotang dust > chlorite > illite > Tazhong dust regardless of dark or light conditions. In contrast, under humidity conditions, the order of nitrate product quantity under moderate conditions was chlorite > illite > Xiaotang dust > Tazhong dust. In situ NAP-XPS results demonstrate that specie variation of the Fe could promote the heterogenous reactions. These data could provide useful information for understanding the formation mechanism of nitrate aerosols and removal of nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Ma
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jingying Niuhe
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Senlin Lu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Shumin Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jin Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xinchun Liu
- Institute of Desert Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi, 83002, China
| | | | - Qingyue Wang
- School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Weiqian Wang
- School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
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22
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Chu L, Chen K, Di Q, Crowley S, Dubrow R. Associations between short-term exposure to PM 2.5, NO 2 and O 3 pollution and kidney-related conditions and the role of temperature-adjustment specification: A case-crossover study in New York state. Environ Pollut 2023; 328:121629. [PMID: 37054868 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic evidence on the relationship between air pollution and kidney disease remains inconclusive. We evaluated associations between short-term exposure to PM2.5, NO2 and O3 and unplanned hospital visits for seven kidney-related conditions (acute kidney failure [AKF], urolithiasis, glomerular diseases [GD], renal tubulo-interstitial diseases, chronic kidney disease, dysnatremia, and volume depletion; n = 1,209,934) in New York State (2007-2016). We applied a case-crossover design with conditional logistic regression, controlling for temperature, dew point temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation. We used a three-pollutant model at lag 0-5 days of exposure as our main model. We also assessed the influence of model adjustment using different specifications of temperature by comparing seven temperature metrics (e.g., dry-bulb temperature, heat index) and five intraday temperature measures (e.g., daily mean, daily minimum, nighttime mean), according to model performance and association magnitudes between air pollutants and kidney-related conditions. In our main models, we adjusted for daytime mean outdoor wet-bulb globe temperature, which showed good model performance across all kidney-related conditions. We observed the odds ratios (ORs) for 5 μg/m3 increase in daily mean PM2.5 to be 1.013 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.001, 1.025) for AKF, 1.107 (95% CI: 1.018, 1.203) for GD, and 1.027 (95% CI: 1.015, 1.038) for volume depletion; and the OR for 5 ppb increase in daily 1-hour maximum NO2 to be 1.014 (95% CI; 1.008, 1.021) for AKF. We observed no associations with daily 8-hour maximum O3 exposure. Association estimates varied by adjustment for different intraday temperature measures: estimates adjusted for measures with poorer model performance resulted in the greatest deviation from estimates adjusted for daytime mean, especially for AKF and volume depletion. Our findings indicate that short-term exposure to PM2.5 and NO2 is a risk factor for specific kidney-related conditions and underscore the need for careful adjustment of temperature in air pollution epidemiologic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Chu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8034, USA; Yale Center on Climate Change and Health, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8034, USA.
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8034, USA; Yale Center on Climate Change and Health, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8034, USA
| | - Qian Di
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Susan Crowley
- Department of Medicine (Nephrology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA; Veterans Administration Health Care System of Connecticut, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Robert Dubrow
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8034, USA; Yale Center on Climate Change and Health, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8034, USA
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23
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Jion MMMF, Jannat JN, Mia MY, Ali MA, Islam MS, Ibrahim SM, Pal SC, Islam A, Sarker A, Malafaia G, Bilal M, Islam ARMT. A critical review and prospect of NO 2 and SO 2 pollution over Asia: Hotspots, trends, and sources. Sci Total Environ 2023; 876:162851. [PMID: 36921864 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) are two major atmospheric pollutants that significantly threaten human health, the environment, and ecosystems worldwide. Despite this, only some studies have investigated the spatiotemporal hotspots of NO2 and SO2, their trends, production, and sources in Asia. Our study presents a literature review covering the production, trends, and sources of NO2 and SO2 across Asian countries (e.g., Bangladesh, China, India, Iran, Japan, Pakistan, Malaysia, Kuwait, and Nepal). Based on the findings of the review, NO2 and SO2 pollution are increasing due to industrial activity, fossil fuel burning, biomass burning, heavy traffic movement, electricity generation, and power plants. There is significant concern about health risks associated with NO2 and SO2 emissions in Bangladesh, China, India, Malaysia, and Iran, as they pay less attention to managing and controlling pollution. Even though the lack of quality datasets and adequate research in most Asian countries further complicates the management and control of NO2 and SO2 pollution. This study has NO2 and SO2 pollution scenarios, including hotspots, trends, sources, and their influences on Asian countries. This study highlights the existing research gaps and recommends new research on identifying integrated sources, their variations, spatiotemporal trends, emission characteristics, and pollution level. Finally, the present study suggests a framework for controlling and monitoring these two pollutants' emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jannatun Nahar Jannat
- Department of Disaster Management, Begum Bekeya University, Rangpur 5400, Bangladesh
| | - Md Yousuf Mia
- Department of Disaster Management, Begum Bekeya University, Rangpur 5400, Bangladesh
| | - Md Arfan Ali
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, China; Center of Excellence for Climate Change Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Sobhy M Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Subodh Chandra Pal
- Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, Bardhaman 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Aznarul Islam
- Department of Geography, Aliah University, 17 Gorachand Road, Kolkata 700 014, West Bengal, India.
| | - Aniruddha Sarker
- Department of Agro-food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Ecology, Conservation, and Biodiversity, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China.
| | - Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam
- Department of Disaster Management, Begum Bekeya University, Rangpur 5400, Bangladesh; Department of Development Studies, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh.
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24
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Hussey MR, Enquobahrie DA, Loftus CT, MacDonald JW, Bammler TK, Paquette AG, Marsit CJ, Szpiro AA, Kaufman JD, LeWinn KZ, Bush NR, Tylavsky F, Zhao Q, Karr CJ, Sathyanarayana S. Associations of prenatal exposure to NO 2 and near roadway residence with placental gene expression. Placenta 2023; 138:75-82. [PMID: 37216796 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP), a common exposure, potentially impacts pregnancy through altered placental function. We investigated associations between prenatal TRAP exposure and placental gene expression. METHODS Whole transcriptome sequencing was performed on placental samples from CANDLE (Memphis, TN) (n = 776) and GAPPS (Seattle and Yakima, WA) (n = 205), cohorts of the ECHO-PATHWAYS Consortium. Residential NO2 exposures were computed via spatiotemporal models for full-pregnancy, each trimester, and the first/last months of pregnancy. Individual cohort-specific, covariate-adjusted linear models were fit for 10,855 genes and respective exposures (NO2 or roadway proximity [≤150 m]). Infant-sex/exposure interactions on placental gene expression were tested with interaction terms in separate models. Significance was based on false discovery rate (FDR<0.10). RESULTS In GAPPS, final-month NO2 exposure was positively associated with MAP1LC3C expression (FDR p-value = 0.094). Infant-sex interacted with second-trimester NO2 on STRIP2 expression (FDR interaction p-value = 0.011, inverse and positive associations among male and female infants, respectively) and roadway proximity on CEBPA expression (FDR interaction p-value = 0.045, inverse among females). In CANDLE, infant-sex interacted with first-trimester and full-pregnancy NO2 on RASSF7 expression (FDR interaction p-values = 0.067 and 0.013, respectively, positive among male infants and inverse among female infants). DISCUSSION Overall, pregnancy NO2 exposure and placental gene expression associations were primarily null, with exception of final month NO2 exposure and placental MAP1LC3C association. We found several interactions of infant sex and TRAP exposures on placental expression of STRIP2, CEBPA, and RASSF7. These highlighted genes suggest influence of TRAP on placental cell proliferation, autophagy, and growth, though additional replication and functional studies are required for validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Hussey
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Daniel A Enquobahrie
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Systems and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christine T Loftus
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James W MacDonald
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Theo K Bammler
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alison G Paquette
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carmen J Marsit
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adam A Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kaja Z LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicole R Bush
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San, Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Frances Tylavsky
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Catherine J Karr
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
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25
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Ogino N, Ogino K, Eitoku M, Suganuma N, Nagaoka K. Filter blot method: A simple method for measuring 3-nitrotyrosine in proteins of atmospheric particulate matter. Environ Pollut 2023; 329:121677. [PMID: 37085106 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Air pollutants, such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), and particulate matter (PM), have been epidemiologically reported to contribute to the onset and exacerbation of asthma. We have previously shown that several proteins in atmospheric PM are allergenic in mouse asthma models and that these proteins are nitrated by atmospheric NO2 and O3 in chemical reactions. Based on these results, the amount of 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) in atmospheric PM could be an air pollution marker integrating NO2, O3, and PM. We established a method to measure 3-NT by high-performance liquid chromatography electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD). Although this method is accurate, it requires a filter treatment process, which is time-consuming and costly for an environmental monitoring tool, in which many samples are measured simultaneously. Therefore, in this study, we investigated a simple immunoblotting method in which atmospheric PM proteins were directly transferred to a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane and measured using an anti-3-NT antibody (the filter blot method). The 3-NT value obtained from this method was significantly correlated (r = 0.809, p < 0.001) with that of the HPLC-ECD method, with a detection power of 0.1 μg/mL for tyrosine nitrated bovine serum albumin equivalents. Multiple regression analysis using the filter blot method showed that the amount of 3-NT in atmospheric PM was significantly associated with the published environmental measurements of O3 and PM in the region. Therefore, the filter blot method may be useful for the environmental monitoring of 3-NT in atmospheric PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyoshi Ogino
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nangoku, Japan
| | - Keiki Ogino
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nangoku, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Eitoku
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nangoku, Japan
| | - Narufumi Suganuma
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nangoku, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Nagaoka
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, Matsuyama, 790-8578, Ehime, Japan.
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Zoran MA, Savastru RS, Savastru DM, Tautan MN. Peculiar weather patterns effects on air pollution and COVID-19 spread in Tokyo metropolis. Environ Res 2023; 228:115907. [PMID: 37080275 PMCID: PMC10111861 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As a pandemic hotspot in Japan, between March 1, 2020-October 1, 2022, Tokyo metropolis experienced seven COVID-19 waves. Motivated by the high rate of COVID-19 incidence and mortality during the seventh wave, and environmental/health challenges we conducted a time-series analysis to investigate the long-term interaction of air quality and climate variability with viral pandemic in Tokyo. Through daily time series geospatial and observational air pollution/climate data, and COVID-19 incidence and death cases, this study compared the environmental conditions during COVID-19 multiwaves. In spite of five State of Emergency (SOEs) restrictions associated with COVID-19 pandemic, during (2020-2022) period air quality recorded low improvements relative to (2015-2019) average annual values, namely: Aerosol Optical Depth increased by 9.13% in 2020 year, and declined by 6.64% in 2021, and 12.03% in 2022; particulate matter PM2.5 and PM10 decreased during 2020, 2021, and 2022 years by 10.22%, 62.26%, 0.39%, and respectively by 4.42%, 3.95%, 5.76%. For (2021-2022) period the average ratio of PM2.5/PM10 was (0.319 ± 0.1640), showing a higher contribution to aerosol loading of traffic-related coarse particles in comparison with fine particles. The highest rates of the daily recorded COVID-19 incidence and death cases in Tokyo during the seventh COVID-19 wave (1 July 2022-1 October 2022) may be attributed to accumulation near the ground of high levels of air pollutants and viral pathogens due to: 1) peculiar persistent atmospheric anticyclonic circulation with strong positive anomalies of geopotential height at 500 hPa; 2) lower levels of Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) heights; 3) high daily maximum air temperature and land surface temperature due to the prolonged heat waves (HWs) in summer 2022; 4) no imposed restrictions. Such findings can guide public decision-makers to design proper strategies to curb pandemics under persistent stable anticyclonic weather conditions and summer HWs in large metropolitan areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Zoran
- IT Department, National Institute of R&D for Optoelectronics, Atomistilor Street 409, MG5, Magurele-Bucharest, 077125, Romania.
| | - Roxana S Savastru
- IT Department, National Institute of R&D for Optoelectronics, Atomistilor Street 409, MG5, Magurele-Bucharest, 077125, Romania
| | - Dan M Savastru
- IT Department, National Institute of R&D for Optoelectronics, Atomistilor Street 409, MG5, Magurele-Bucharest, 077125, Romania
| | - Marina N Tautan
- IT Department, National Institute of R&D for Optoelectronics, Atomistilor Street 409, MG5, Magurele-Bucharest, 077125, Romania
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Fernández-Pampillón J, Palacios M, Núñez L, Pujadas M, Artíñano B. Potential ambient NO 2 abatement by applying photocatalytic materials in a Spanish city and analysis of short-term effect on human mortality. Environ Pollut 2023; 323:121203. [PMID: 36738878 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Road traffic is the main contributor to NO2 emissions in many European cities, causing that the current limit values for the protection of human health are exceeded. The use of photocatalytic compounds that incorporate titanium dioxide (TiO2) is frequently proposed as abatement technology but its depolluting effectiveness on a real scale is still being investigated. In this work, the potential removal capacity of NO2 that selected TiO2-based materials would have if they were implemented in a street in the municipality of Alcobendas (Community of Madrid, Spain) has been evaluated. The number of avoided NO2-related deaths over the locality across the period 2001-2019 have been inferred. Moreover, the saving associated with the estimated removal of ambient NO2 due to the use of photocatalytic materials and costs generated by their acquisition and implementation in the selected urban environment were briefly studied. Attributable mortality due to NO2 concentrations for Alcobendas has been estimated in 289 deaths, being 9241 the total deaths due to natural cause. This presents a monthly variation associated with the evolution of both mortality due to natural causes and the average concentrations of NO2. The reduction in mortality via the hypothetical implantation of photocatalytic materials throughout the municipality, assuming ideal conditions for their optimal performance, would be a maximum of 3%. In addition, a saving of €5708 yr-1 km-2 related to NOx damage costs of transport was obtained. A total cost of k€4750.5 km-2 was associated to the purchase of photocatalytic materials and their application to all surfaces in that area. This technology has a big elimination potential in controlled conditions but a low reduction of ambient NO2 is provided when implemented in real outdoor urban scenarios. Its use can be recommended incorporated into engineering designs and applications, complementing other abatement measures, to reduce NO2 mortality in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Fernández-Pampillón
- Research Centre for Energy, Environment and Technology (CIEMAT), Madrid, 28040, Spain; The National Distance Education University (UNED), Madrid, 28232, Spain
| | - Magdalena Palacios
- Research Centre for Energy, Environment and Technology (CIEMAT), Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Lourdes Núñez
- Research Centre for Energy, Environment and Technology (CIEMAT), Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - Manuel Pujadas
- Research Centre for Energy, Environment and Technology (CIEMAT), Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Begoña Artíñano
- Research Centre for Energy, Environment and Technology (CIEMAT), Madrid, 28040, Spain
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Ren Y, Guan X, Zhang Q, Li L, Tao C, Ren S, Wang Q, Wang W. A machine learning-based study on the impact of COVID-19 on three kinds of pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Sci Total Environ 2023; 884:163190. [PMID: 37061051 PMCID: PMC10102532 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale restrictions on anthropogenic activities in China in 2020 due to the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) indirectly led to improvements in air quality. Previous studies have paid little attention to the changes in nitrogen dioxide (NO2), fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) concentrations at different levels of anthropogenic activity limitation and their interactions. In this study, machine learning models were used to simulate the concentrations of three pollutants during periods of different levels of lockdown, and compare them with observations during the same period. The results show that the difference between the simulated and observed values of NO2 concentrations varies at different stages of the lockdown. Variation between simulated and observed O3 and PM2.5 concentrations were less distinct at different stages of lockdowns. During the most severe period of the lockdowns, NO2 concentrations decreased significantly with a maximum decrease of 65.28 %, and O3 concentrations increased with a maximum increase of 75.69 %. During the first two weeks of the lockdown, the titration reaction in the atmosphere was disrupted due to the rapid decrease in NO2 concentrations, leading to the redistribution of Ox (NO2 + O3) in the atmosphere and eventually to the production of O3 and secondary PM2.5. The effect of traffic restrictions on the reduction of NO2 concentrations is significant. However, it is also important to consider the increase in O3 due to the constant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and the decrease in NOx (NO+NO2). Traffic restrictions had a limited effect on improving PM2.5 pollution, so other beneficial measures were needed to sustainably reduce particulate matter pollution. Research on COVID-19 could provide new insights into future clean air action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Ren
- Big Data Research Center for Ecology and Environment, Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Xu Guan
- Shandong Academy for Environmental Planning, Jinan 250101, PR China.
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Big Data Research Center for Ecology and Environment, Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
| | - Lei Li
- Big Data Research Center for Ecology and Environment, Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Chenliang Tao
- Big Data Research Center for Ecology and Environment, Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Shilong Ren
- Big Data Research Center for Ecology and Environment, Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Qiao Wang
- Big Data Research Center for Ecology and Environment, Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Big Data Research Center for Ecology and Environment, Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266003, PR China
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Macintyre HL, Mitsakou C, Vieno M, Heal MR, Heaviside C, Exley KS. Impacts of emissions policies on future UK mortality burdens associated with air pollution. Environ Int 2023; 174:107862. [PMID: 36963156 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is the greatest environmental risk to public health. Future air pollution concentrations are primarily determined by precursor emissions, which are driven by environmental policies relating to climate and air pollution. Detailed health impact assessments (HIA) are necessary to provide quantitative estimates of the impacts of future air pollution to support decision-makers developing environmental policy and targets. In this study we use high spatial resolution atmospheric chemistry modelling to simulate future air pollution concentrations across the UK for 2030, 2040 and 2050 based on current UK and European policy projections. We combine UK regional population-weighted concentrations with the latest epidemiological relationships to quantify mortality associated with changes in PM2.5 and NO2 air pollution. Our HIA suggests that by 2050, population-weighted exposure to PM2.5 will reduce by 28% to 36%, and for NO2 by 35% to 49%, depending on region. The HIA shows that for present day (2018), annual mortality attributable to the effects of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and NO2 is in the range 26,287 - 42,442, and that mortality burdens in future will be substantially reduced, being lower by 31%, 35%, and 37% in 2030, 2040 and 2050 respectively (relative to 2018) assuming no population changes. Including population projections (increases in all regions for 30+ years age group) slightly offsets these health benefits, resulting in reductions of 25%, 27%, and 26% in mortality burdens for 2030, 2040, 2050 respectively. Significant reductions in future mortality burdens are estimated and, importantly for public health, the majority of benefits are achieved early on in the future timeline simulated, though further efforts are likely needed to reduce impacts of air pollution to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen L Macintyre
- UK Health Security Agency, Chilton, Oxon OX11 0RQ, UK; School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK.
| | | | - Massimo Vieno
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK.
| | - Mathew R Heal
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Clare Heaviside
- Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, University College London, Central House, 14 Upper Woburn Place, London WC1H 0NN, UK.
| | - Karen S Exley
- UK Health Security Agency, Chilton, Oxon OX11 0RQ, UK; Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
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30
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Song J, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Qin W, Pan R, Yi W, Xu Z, Cheng J, Su H. Premature mortality attributable to NO 2 exposure in cities and the role of built environment: A global analysis. Sci Total Environ 2023; 866:161395. [PMID: 36621501 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental risks accumulate in cities, including polluted air and health disparities, but these risks can be reduced through scientific city planning. The purpose of this study was to investigate the global burden of premature mortality attributable to NO2 exposure in urban areas and the role of the built environment in this regard. METHODS An approach based on health impact assessment was used to estimate the premature mortality burdens associated with NO2 exposure in 13,169 urban areas around the world using globally gridded NO2 and population estimates, baseline mortality, and epidemiologically derived exposure-response functions. We used the most recent WHO recommended value (i.e.,10 μg/m3) as a counterfactual concentration. Finally, the relationship between the characteristics of the built environment at the city level and the burden of NO2-related mortality was evaluated. RESULTS Worldwide, 549,715(95%CI: 276204-815,023) cases of death attributable to NO2 exposure in urban areas could be prevented if compliance with the latest WHO guideline, accounting for 2.7 % (95%CI:1.4 %-4.0 %) of total mortalities in 2019. Across cities around the world, the age-standardized mortality rate (per 100,000 people) attributable to NO2 exposure ranged from 51.3 (95%CI:25.8-76.0) in Central Asia to 3.4(95%CI: 1.7-5.1) in Oceania. Although there was a significant decrease in premature mortality attributable to NO2 exposure globally, considerable regional heterogeneity exists, with cities in Central Asia and Andean Latin America in particular exhibiting an upward trend. Further, we discovered a positive association between population density and street connectivity with mortality attributable to NO2. While the increase in green and blue space were significantly associated with a lower NO2-associated mortality. CONCLUSION The findings of this study provided a comprehensive understanding of the premature mortality burden due to NO2 in cities throughout the world and the role that urban planning policies can play in reducing the health burden associated with air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China
| | - Yuling Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Lu'an Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lu'an, Anhui, China
| | - Rubing Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China
| | - Weizhuo Yi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Herston, QLD 4006 Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China.
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31
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Chawala P, Priyan R S, Sm SN. Climatology and landscape determinants of AOD, SO 2 and NO 2 over Indo-Gangetic Plain. Environ Res 2023; 220:115125. [PMID: 36592806 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) experiences high loading of particulate and gaseous pollutants all year around and is considered to be the most polluted regions of India. Understanding the effect of landscape determinants on air pollution in IGP regions is crucial to make its environment sustainable. We examined satellite retrievals of OMI NO2 and SO2, and MODIS AOD to analyse the long-term trend, spatio-seasonal pattern and dynamics of aerosols, NO2 and SO2 over three IGP regions, namely Upper Indo-Gangetic plain (UIGP), Middle Indo-Gangetic plain (MIGP) and Lower Indo-Gangetic plain (LIGP) over the period 2005-2019. IGP experienced an overall increment in AOD (R2 = 0.63) and SO2 (R2 = 0.67) values, with LIGP (AOD, R2 = 0.8 & SO2, R2 = 0.8) experiencing the largest rate of enhancement. The levels of NO2 (R2 = 0.2) experienced a decrement after 2012 (owing to implementation of vehicle emission policy) except in MIGP, with UIGP (R2 = 0.23) exhibiting the largest rate of decrement. Seasonal heterogeneity in the nature of sources was observed over IGP regions. AOD (0.61 ± 0.1) and NO2 value (3.82 ± 0.98 × 1015 molecules/cm2) were found highest during post-monsoon in UIGP owing to crop residue burning activity. The value of NO2 (3.8 ± 1.4 × 1015 molecules/cm2) in MIGP was found highest during pre-monsoon due to high consumption of coal in power plants for summer cooling demand. The highest SO2 level (0.09 ± 0.06 DU) was observed during post-monsoon in UIGP, as a large number of brick kilns are fired during this period. Correlations among landscape determinants and pollutants revealed that topography is the dominant variable that affect the spatial pattern of AOD compared to vegetation and land use. Lower elevation tends to have high AOD values compared to higher elevation. Vegetation-AOD relationship showed an inverse association in IGP regions and is influenced by factors such as seasonal meteorology and size of the airborne particles. Vegetation possesses positive relationship with SO2 and NO2, implying no pollution abatement effect on SO2 and NO2 pollutants. Built-up change has deteriorating effect as well as quenching effect on pollutants. Increase in built terrain have deteriorated the air quality in UIGP whereas it favored in suppressing the aerosol level in LIGP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratika Chawala
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600 036, India.
| | - Shanmuga Priyan R
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600 036, India.
| | - Shiva Nagendra Sm
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600 036, India
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32
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Yitshak Sade M, Shi L, Colicino E, Amini H, Schwartz JD, Di Q, Wright RO. Long-term air pollution exposure and diabetes risk in American older adults: A national secondary data-based cohort study. Environ Pollut 2023; 320:121056. [PMID: 36634862 PMCID: PMC9905312 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a major public health concern. Several studies have found an increased diabetes risk associated with long-term air pollution exposure. However, most current studies are limited in their generalizability, exposure assessment, or the ability to differentiate incidence and prevalence cases. We assessed the association between air pollution and first documented diabetes occurrence in a national U.S. cohort of older adults to estimate diabetes risk. We included all Medicare enrollees 65 years and older in the fee-for-service program, part A and part B, in the contiguous United States (2000-2016). Participants were followed annually until the first recorded diabetes diagnosis, end of enrollment, or death (264, 869, 458 person-years). We obtained annual estimates of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and warm-months ozone (O3) exposures from highly spatiotemporally resolved prediction models. We assessed the simultaneous effects of the pollutants on diabetes risk using survival analyses. We repeated the models in cohorts restricted to ZIP codes with air pollution levels not exceeding the national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) during the study period. We identified 10, 024, 879 diabetes cases of 41, 780, 637 people (3.8% of person-years). The hazard ratio (HR) for first diabetes occurrence was 1.074 (95% CI 1.058; 1.089) for 5 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, 1.055 (95% CI 1.050; 1.060) for 5 ppb increase in NO2, and 0.999 (95% CI 0.993; 1.004) for 5 ppb increase in O3. Both for NO2 and PM2.5 there was evidence of non-linear exposure-response curves with stronger associations at lower levels (NO2 ≤ 36 ppb, PM2.5 ≤ 8.2 μg/m3). Furthermore, associations remained in the restricted low-level cohorts. The O3-diabetes exposure-response relationship differed greatly between models and require further investigation. In conclusion, exposures to PM2.5 and NO2 are associated with increased diabetes risk, even when restricting the exposure to levels below the NAAQS set by the U.S. EPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maayan Yitshak Sade
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Liuhua Shi
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elena Colicino
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heresh Amini
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joel D Schwartz
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qian Di
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Robert O Wright
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, New York, NY, USA
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33
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Rakholia R, Le Q, Quoc Ho B, Vu K, Simon Carbajo R. Multi-output machine learning model for regional air pollution forecasting in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Environ Int 2023; 173:107848. [PMID: 36842381 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution concentrations in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) have been found to surpass the WHO standard, which has become a very serious problem affecting human health and the ecosystem. Various machine learning algorithms have recently been widely used in air quality forecasting studies to predict possible impacts. Training and constructing several machine learning models for different air pollutants, such as NO2, SO2, O3, and CO forecasts, is a time-consuming process that necessitates additional effort for deployment, maintenance, and monitoring. In this paper, an effort has been made to develop a multi-step multi-output multivariate model (a global model) for air quality forecasting, taking into account various parameters such as meteorological conditions, air quality data from urban traffic, residential, and industrial areas, urban space information, and time component for the prediction of NO2, SO2, O3, CO hourly (1 h to 24 h) concentrations. The global forecasting model can anticipate multiple air pollutant concentrations concurrently, based on past concentrations of covariate characteristics. The datasets on air pollution time series were gathered from six HealthyAir air quality monitoring sites in HCMC between February 2021 and August 2022. Darksky weather provided the hourly concentrations of meteorological conditions for the same period. This is the first model built using real-time air quality data for NO2, SO2, CO, and O3 forecasting in HCM city. To assess the effectiveness of the proposed model, it was evaluated using real data from HealthyAir stations and quantified using Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), and correlation indices. The results show that the global air quality forecasting model beats earlier models built for air quality forecasting of each specific pollutant in HCMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajnish Rakholia
- Ireland's National Centre for Applied Artificial Intelligence (CeADAR), University College Dublin, NexusUCD, Belfield Office Park, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Quan Le
- Ireland's National Centre for Applied Artificial Intelligence (CeADAR), University College Dublin, NexusUCD, Belfield Office Park, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bang Quoc Ho
- Institute for Environment and Resources (IER), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; Department of Science and Technology, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Khue Vu
- Institute for Environment and Resources (IER), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Ricardo Simon Carbajo
- Ireland's National Centre for Applied Artificial Intelligence (CeADAR), University College Dublin, NexusUCD, Belfield Office Park, Dublin, Ireland
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34
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Yitshak Sade M, Shi L, Colicino E, Amini H, Schwartz JD, Di Q, Wright RO. Long-term air pollution exposure and diabetes risk in American older adults: A national secondary data-based cohort study. Environ Pollut 2023; 320:121056. [PMID: 36634862 DOI: 10.1101/2021.09.09.21263282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a major public health concern. Several studies have found an increased diabetes risk associated with long-term air pollution exposure. However, most current studies are limited in their generalizability, exposure assessment, or the ability to differentiate incidence and prevalence cases. We assessed the association between air pollution and first documented diabetes occurrence in a national U.S. cohort of older adults to estimate diabetes risk. We included all Medicare enrollees 65 years and older in the fee-for-service program, part A and part B, in the contiguous United States (2000-2016). Participants were followed annually until the first recorded diabetes diagnosis, end of enrollment, or death (264, 869, 458 person-years). We obtained annual estimates of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and warm-months ozone (O3) exposures from highly spatiotemporally resolved prediction models. We assessed the simultaneous effects of the pollutants on diabetes risk using survival analyses. We repeated the models in cohorts restricted to ZIP codes with air pollution levels not exceeding the national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) during the study period. We identified 10, 024, 879 diabetes cases of 41, 780, 637 people (3.8% of person-years). The hazard ratio (HR) for first diabetes occurrence was 1.074 (95% CI 1.058; 1.089) for 5 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, 1.055 (95% CI 1.050; 1.060) for 5 ppb increase in NO2, and 0.999 (95% CI 0.993; 1.004) for 5 ppb increase in O3. Both for NO2 and PM2.5 there was evidence of non-linear exposure-response curves with stronger associations at lower levels (NO2 ≤ 36 ppb, PM2.5 ≤ 8.2 μg/m3). Furthermore, associations remained in the restricted low-level cohorts. The O3-diabetes exposure-response relationship differed greatly between models and require further investigation. In conclusion, exposures to PM2.5 and NO2 are associated with increased diabetes risk, even when restricting the exposure to levels below the NAAQS set by the U.S. EPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maayan Yitshak Sade
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Liuhua Shi
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elena Colicino
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heresh Amini
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joel D Schwartz
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qian Di
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Robert O Wright
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, New York, NY, USA
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Ma P, Zhou N, Wang X, Zhang Y, Tang X, Yang Y, Ma X, Wang S. Stronger susceptibilities to air pollutants of influenza A than B were identified in subtropical Shenzhen, China. Environ Res 2023; 219:115100. [PMID: 36565842 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution was indicated to be a key factor contributing to the aggressive spread of influenza viruses, whereas uncertainty still exists regarding to whether distinctions exist between influenza subtypes. Our study quantified the impact of five air pollutants on influenza subtype outbreaks in Shenzhen, China, a densely populated and highly urbanized megacity. Daily influenza outbreak data of laboratory-confirmed positive cases were obtained from the Shenzhen CDC, from May 1, 2013 to Dec 31, 2015. Concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), particulate matters ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), particulate matters ≤10 μm (PM10), and ozone (O3), were retrieved from the 18 national monitoring stations. The generalized additive model (GAM) and distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) were used to calculate the concentration-response relationships between environmental inducers and outbreak epidemics, respectively for influenza A (Flu-A) and B (Flu-B). There were 1687 positive specimens were confirmed during the study period. The cold season was restricted from Nov. 4th to Apr. 20th, covering all seasons other than the long-lasting summer. Relatively heavy fine particle matter (PM2.5) and NO2 pollution was observed in cold months, with mean concentrations of 46.06 μg/m3 and 40.03 μg/m3, respectively. Time-series analysis indicated that high concentrations of NO2, PM2.5, PM10, and O3 were associated with more influenza outbreaks at short lag periods (0-5 d). Although more Flu-B (679 cases) epidemics occurred than Flu-A (382 cases) in the cold season, Flu-A generally showed higher susceptibility to air pollutants. A 10 μg/m3 increment in concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, and O3 at lag 04, was associated with a 2.103 (95%CI: 1.528-2.893), 1.618 (95%CI: 1.311-1.996), and 1.569 (95%CI: 1.214-2.028) of the relative risk (RR) of Flu-A, respectively. A 5 μg/m3 increase in NO2 was associated with higher risk of Flu-A at lag 03 (RR = 1.646, 95%CI: 1.295-2.092) and of Flu-B at lag 04 (RR = 1.319, 95%CI: 1.095-1.588). Nevertheless, barely significant effect of particulate matters (PM2.5, PM10) on Flu-B and SO2 on both subtypes was detected. Further, the effect estimates of NO2 increased for both subtypes when coexisting with other pollutants. This study provides evidence that declining concentrations of main pollutants including NO2, O3, and particulate matters, could substantially decrease influenza risk in subtropical Shenzhen, especially for influenza A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Ma
- Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Atmospheric Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, Sichuan, China; Chengdu Plain Urban Meteorology and Environment Scientific Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610225, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ning Zhou
- The First People's Hospital of Lanzhou, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China.
| | - Xinzi Wang
- Meteorological Bureau of Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Atmospheric Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, Sichuan, China; Chengdu Plain Urban Meteorology and Environment Scientific Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610225, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiaoxin Tang
- Shenzhen National Climate Observatory, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Atmospheric Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiaolu Ma
- Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Atmospheric Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, Sichuan, China.
| | - Shigong Wang
- Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Atmospheric Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, Sichuan, China.
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36
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Liang Z, Zhang X, Yang J, Cheng Y, Hou H, Hussain S, Liu J, Qiao G, Liu G. Facile fabrication of nanoflower-like WO 3/WS 2 heterojunction for highly sensitive NO 2 detection at room temperature. J Hazard Mater 2023; 443:130316. [PMID: 36370477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Realizing efficient detection of ultra-low concentrations of hazardous gases contributes to air pollution monitoring, ecosystem and human health protection. Herein, we firstly fabricated the nanoflower-like WO3/WS2 composites by a facile process to highly sensitively detect NO2 at room temperature. The WO3 content in the WO3/WS2 composites can be adjusted by altering the calcination temperature, and the WO3 nanoparticles disperse uniformly on the WS2 surface, forming the WO3/WS2 heterojunction. The room-temperature responses of WO3/WS2 composites gradually climb with the NO2 concentration increasing from 0.005 to 5 ppm, and the WW-280 and WW-300 composites possess the optimal gas sensitivity when the NO2 concentrations are lower and higher than 100 ppb, respectively. In particular, the two WO3/WS2 composites present the limitation of detection (LOD) of ≤ 5 ppb, and they exhibit the excellent selectivity, good reproducibility and long-term stability towards NO2. A possible gas sensing mechanism was also proposed from the point of views of gas adsorption, redox reactions and electron transfer. The appropriate WO3 content and molar ratio of hexagonal to monoclinic WO3, and the formation of WO3/WS2 p-n heterojunction can contribute to the high sensitivity of WO3/WS2 composite to various concentrations of NO2. This work offers a promising gas sensing material for room-temperature detection to low concentrations of NO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiangzhao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jian Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Haigang Hou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shahid Hussain
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Junlin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Guanjun Qiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Guiwu Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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Beloconi A, Vounatsou P. Long-term air pollution exposure and COVID-19 case-severity: An analysis of individual-level data from Switzerland. Environ Res 2023; 216:114481. [PMID: 36206929 PMCID: PMC9531360 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Several studies are pointing out that exposure to elevated air pollutants could contribute to increased COVID-19 mortality. However, literature on the associations between air pollution exposure and COVID-19 severe morbidity is rather sparse. In addition, the majority of the studies used an ecological study design and were applied in regions with rather high air pollution levels. Here, we study the differential effects of long-term exposure to air pollution on severe morbidity and mortality risks from COVID-19 in various population subgroups in Switzerland, a country known for clean air. We perform individual-level analyses using data covering the first two major waves of COVID-19 between February 2020 and May 2021. High-resolution maps of particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations were produced for the 6 years preceding the pandemic using Bayesian geostatistical models. Air pollution exposure for each patient was measured by the long-term average concentration across the municipality of residence. The models were adjusted for the effects of individual characteristics, socio-economic, health-system, and climatic factors. The variables with an important association to COVID-19 case-severity were identified using Bayesian spatial variable selection. The results have shown that the individual-level characteristics are important factors related to COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in all the models. Long-term exposure to air pollution appears to influence the severity of the disease only when analyzing data during the first wave; this effect is attenuated upon adjustment for health-system related factors during the entire study period. Our findings suggest that the burden of air pollution increased the risks of COVID-19 in Switzerland during the first wave of the pandemic, but not during the second wave, when the national health system was better prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Beloconi
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Penelope Vounatsou
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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38
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Hu J, Chen G, Li S, Guo Y, Duan J, Sun Z. Association of long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants with cardiac structure and cardiovascular function in Chinese adults. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 249:114382. [PMID: 36508817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence increasingly suggests that air pollutants are intimately associated with the incidence and mortality of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, studies on the association between chronic exposure to air pollutants and changes in left cardiac function and structure are limited. In our cross-sectional study, 3145 participants were enrolled from 6 provinces to explore the relationship between long-term air pollutants, cardiac structure, and cardiovascular function (e.g., blood lipids, blood pressure and pulse) in Chinese adults. Our study showed that exposure to five pollutants (NO2, O3, PM1, PM2.5 and PM10) was associated with reduced left ventricular systolic function based on EF and SV parameters. These pollutants were also associated with increased pulses, where smaller particle sizes correlated significantly with pulses. Second, except for O3, four pollutants were associated with decreased left ventricular diastolic parameters LVIDd and EDV and increased cardiac structural parameter IVSd. In addition, exposures to NO2, O3 and PM10 were positively correlated with triglycerides in blood lipids. Overall, this study showed that chronic pollutant exposure is strongly associated with impaired left ventricular function in Chinese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Hu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Gongbo Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Beijing, China.
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Acosta-Ramírez C, Higham JE. Impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on mobility and air pollution in the United Kingdom. Sci Total Environ 2022; 851:158279. [PMID: 36037896 PMCID: PMC9420310 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
During the two years following the first case of COVID-19 in the United Kingdom, cycles of social restrictions were imposed to control the spread of the virus. These measures curtailed social contact and halted commercial and recreational activities affecting levels of air pollutants. As society adapted, restrictions eased and pollution gradually returned to baseline levels. However, resurgence in COVID-19 cases from new variants created a protracted and challenging path back to 'normality'. In this study, we retrospectively look back at the two years of COVID-19 and its prevalent variants, and examine the government response and its impact on mobility and air pollution. Results from a peak detection algorithm show peak events in mobility and COVID-19 deaths during variants periods decreased significantly from the wildtype COVID-19, despite the high contagiousness of these variants. Pollution levels remained below baseline with periods of significant increase for O3, while NO2 levels remained depleted, likely as a result of reduced traffic congestion as home office schemes have been maintained. Our findings suggest mobility and pollution return to baseline levels as immunity to COVID-19 increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Acosta-Ramírez
- University of Liverpool, School of Environmental Sciences, Roxby Building, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom.
| | - J E Higham
- University of Liverpool, School of Environmental Sciences, Roxby Building, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
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40
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Jin T, Di Q, Réquia WJ, Danesh Yazdi M, Castro E, Ma T, Wang Y, Zhang H, Shi L, Schwartz J. Associations between long-term air pollution exposure and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases among American older adults. Environ Int 2022; 170:107594. [PMID: 36283157 PMCID: PMC9798657 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Numerous studies have linked air pollution with cardiovascular diseases. Fewer studies examined the associations at low concentration levels or assessed potential modifiers. Some investigations only examined hospitalizations, which can miss incident cases. This study aims to address these gaps through a nationwide cohort study of Medicare enrollees. METHODS Our study cohort comprise all Medicare enrollees (≥65 years old) continuously enrolled in the fee-for-service program and both Medicare part A and B across the contiguous U.S. from 2000 to 2016. We examined the associations of population-weighted ZIP code-level annual average PM2.5, NO2, and warm-season O3 (May-October), with the first diagnoses of atrial fibrillation (AF), congestive heart failure (CHF), and stroke. We fit multi-pollutant Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for individual demographic characteristics and area-level covariates. We further examined these associations at low pollutant concentration levels and the potential effect modifications by race/ethnicity and comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia). RESULTS Elevated PM2.5 and NO2 levels were associated with increased incidence of AF, CHF, and stroke. For each 1 μg/m3 increase in annual PM2.5, hazard ratios (HRs) were 1.0059 (95%CI: 1.0054-1.0064), 1.0260 (95%CI: 1.0256-1.0264), and 1.0279 (95%CI: 1.0274-1.0284), respectively. For each1 ppb increase in annual NO2, HRs are 1.0057 (95%CI: 1.0056-1.0059), 1.0112 (95%CI: 1.0110-1.0113), and 1.0095 (95%CI: 1.0093-1.0096), respectively. For warm-season O3, each 1 ppb increase was associated with increased incidence of CHF (HR=1.0035, 95%CI: 1.0033-1.0037) and stroke (HR=1.0026, 95%CI: 1.0023-1.0028). Larger magnitudes of HRs were observed when restricted to pollutants levels lower than NAAQS standards. Generally higher risks were observed for Black people and diabetics. CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposure to PM2.5, NO2, and warm-season O3 were associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases, even at low pollutant concentration levels. Black people and people with diabetes were found to be vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingfan Jin
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Qian Di
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Weeberb J Réquia
- School of Public Policy and Government, Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Mahdieh Danesh Yazdi
- Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, & Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY, USA
| | - Edgar Castro
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tszshan Ma
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yifan Wang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Haisu Zhang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Liuhua Shi
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Boudier A, Markevych I, Jacquemin B, Abramson MJ, Accordini S, Forsberg B, Fuertes E, Garcia-Aymerich J, Heinrich J, Johannessen A, Leynaert B, Pin I, Siroux V. Long-term air pollution exposure, greenspace and health-related quality of life in the ECRHS study. Sci Total Environ 2022; 849:157693. [PMID: 35907524 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations of long-term exposure to air pollution and greenspace with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) are poorly studied and few studies have accounted for asthma-rhinitis status. OBJECTIVE To assess the associations of air pollution and greenspace with HRQOL and whether asthma and/or rhinitis modify these associations. METHODS The study was based on the participants in the second (2000-2002, n = 6542) and third (2011-2013, n = 3686) waves of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) including 19 centres. The mean follow-up time was 11.3 years. HRQOL was assessed by the SF-36 Physical and Mental Component Summary scores (PCS and MCS). NO2, PM2.5 and PM10 annual concentrations were estimated at the residential address from existing land-use regression models. Greenspace around the residential address was estimated by the (i) mean of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and by the (ii) presence of green spaces within a 300 m buffer. Associations of each exposure variable with PCS and MCS were assessed by mixed linear regression models, accounting for the multicentre design and repeated data, and adjusting for potential confounders. Analyses were stratified by asthma-rhinitis status. RESULTS The mean (SD) age of the ECRHS-II and III participants was 43 (7.1) and 54 (7.2) years, respectively, and 48 % were men. Higher NO2, PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were associated with lower MCS (regression coefficients [95%CI] for one unit increase in the inter-quartile range of exposures were -0.69 [-1.23; -0.15], -1.79 [-2.88; -0.70], -1.80 [-2.98; -0.62] respectively). Higher NDVI and presence of forests were associated with higher MCS. No consistent associations were observed for PCS. Similar association patterns were observed regardless of asthma-rhinitis status. CONCLUSION European adults who resided at places with higher air pollution and lower greenspace were more likely to have lower mental component of HRQOL. Asthma or rhinitis status did not modify these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Boudier
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to the Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France; Pediatrics, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Iana Markevych
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bénédicte Jacquemin
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Michael J Abramson
- School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Simone Accordini
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Bertil Forsberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Elaine Fuertes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Judith Garcia-Aymerich
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
| | - Ane Johannessen
- Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Isabelle Pin
- Pediatrics, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Valérie Siroux
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to the Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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Han B, Yao T, Li G, Song Y, Zhang Y, Dai Q, Yu J. Marginal reduction in surface NO 2 attributable to airport shutdown: A machine learning regression-based approach. Environ Res 2022; 214:114117. [PMID: 35985489 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Emissions from aviation and airport-related activities degrade surface air quality but received limited attention relative to regular transportation sectors like road traffic and waterborne vessels. Statistically, assessing the impact of airport-related emissions remains a challenge due to the fact that its signal in the air quality time series data is largely dwarfed by meteorology and other emissions. Flight-ban policy has been implemented in a number of cities in response to the COVID-19 spread since early 2020, which provides an unprecedented opportunity to examine the changes in air quality attributable to airport closure. It would also be interesting to know whether such an intervention produces extra marginal air quality benefits, in addition to road traffic. Here we investigated the impact of airport-related emissions from a civil airport on nearby NO2 air quality by applying machine learning predictive model to observational data collected from this unique quasi-natural experiment. The whole lockdown-attributable change in NO2 was 16.7 μg/m3, equals to a drop of 73% in NO2 with respect to the business-as-usual level. Meanwhile, the airport flight-ban aviation-attributable NO2 was 3.1 μg/m3, accounting for a marginal reduction of 18.6% of the overall NO2 change that driven by the whole lockdown effect. The airport-related emissions contributed up to 24% of the local ambient NO2 under normal conditions. Additionally, the average impact of airport-related emissions on the nearby air quality was ∼0.01 ± 0.001 μg/m3 NO2 per air-flight. Our results highlight that attention needs to be paid to such a considerable emission source in many places where regular air quality regulatory measures were insufficient to bring NO2 concentration into compliance with the health-based limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Han
- School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, China; Research Centre for Environment and Sustainable Development of Civil Aviation Administration of China, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, China.
| | - Tingwei Yao
- Research Centre for Environment and Sustainable Development of Civil Aviation Administration of China, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, China
| | - Guojian Li
- Airline Operating Center, Xiamen Airlines, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuqin Song
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiye Zhang
- Research Centre for Environment and Sustainable Development of Civil Aviation Administration of China, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, China
| | - Qili Dai
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jian Yu
- Research Centre for Environment and Sustainable Development of Civil Aviation Administration of China, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, China
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43
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Yue H, Yang X, Ji X, Wu X, Li G, Sang N. Time series of transcriptome analysis in entire lung development stages provide insights into the origin of NO 2 related lung diseases. Environ Int 2022; 168:107454. [PMID: 35963059 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lung growth is a critical window, when exposure to various pollutants can disturb the finely-tuned lung development and enhance risk of long-term structural and functional sequelae of lung. In this study, pregnant C57/6 mice were treated with NO2, and lungs of fetus/offspring were collected at different developmental windows and dynamic lung development was determined. The results showed that maternal NO2 exposure suppressed fetal weight, implying that fetal development can be disturbed. The time-series RNA-seq analysis of lungs showed that maternal NO2 exposure induced significant time-dependent changes in the expression profiles of genes associated with lung vein myocardium development in fetus/offspring. Most of these genes in NO2 exposure group were suppressed at middle gestation and at birth. Our results also indicated that the gene expressions of Nkx2.5 in NO2 exposure were suppressed to 0.27- and 0.44-fold of the corresponding Air group at E13.5 and PND1, and restored at later time points. This indicated that the transcription factor Nkx2.5 played an important role in abnormal lung development in fetus/offspring caused by maternal NO2 exposure. Importantly, gene expressions of lung vein myocardium development were related to transcription factors (TFs) and lung functions, and TFs showed similar trends with lung function. These results provide a comprehensive view of the adverse effects of maternal NO2 exposure on fetal lung development by uncovering molecular targets and related signaling pathways at the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Yue
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Xiaowen Yang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Xiaotong Ji
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Guangke Li
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China.
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Sheridan C, Klompmaker J, Cummins S, James P, Fecht D, Roscoe C. Associations of air pollution with COVID-19 positivity, hospitalisations, and mortality: Observational evidence from UK Biobank. Environ Pollut 2022; 308:119686. [PMID: 35779662 PMCID: PMC9243647 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Individual-level studies with adjustment for important COVID-19 risk factors suggest positive associations of long-term air pollution exposure (particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide) with COVID-19 infection, hospitalisations and mortality. The evidence, however, remains limited and mechanisms unclear. We aimed to investigate these associations within UK Biobank, and to examine the role of underlying chronic disease as a potential mechanism. UK Biobank COVID-19 positive laboratory test results were ascertained via Public Health England and general practitioner record linkage, COVID-19 hospitalisations via Hospital Episode Statistics, and COVID-19 mortality via Office for National Statistics mortality records from March-December 2020. We used annual average outdoor air pollution modelled at 2010 residential addresses of UK Biobank participants who resided in England (n = 424,721). We obtained important COVID-19 risk factors from baseline UK Biobank questionnaire responses (2006-2010) and general practitioner record linkage. We used logistic regression models to assess associations of air pollution with COVID-19 outcomes, adjusted for relevant confounders, and conducted sensitivity analyses. We found positive associations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) with COVID-19 positive test result after adjustment for confounders and COVID-19 risk factors, with odds ratios of 1.05 (95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.02, 1.08), and 1.05 (95% CI = 1.01, 1.08), respectively. PM 2.5 and NO 2 were positively associated with COVID-19 hospitalisations and deaths in minimally adjusted models, but not in fully adjusted models. No associations for PM10 were found. In analyses with additional adjustment for pre-existing chronic disease, effect estimates were not substantially attenuated, indicating that underlying chronic disease may not fully explain associations. We found some evidence that long-term exposure to PM2.5 and NO2 was associated with a COVID-19 positive test result in UK Biobank, though not with COVID-19 hospitalisations or deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Sheridan
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel St., London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom.
| | - Jochem Klompmaker
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States.
| | - Steven Cummins
- Population Health Innovation Lab, Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel St., London, United Kingdom.
| | - Peter James
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States; Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, 401 Park Drive, Suite 401 East, Boston, MA, 02215, United States.
| | - Daniela Fecht
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom.
| | - Charlotte Roscoe
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States; MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States.
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Wu X, Vu TV, Harrison RM, Yan J, Hu X, Cui Y, Shi A, Liu X, Shen Y, Zhang G, Xue Y. Long-term characterization of roadside air pollutants in urban Beijing and associated public health implications. Environ Res 2022; 212:113277. [PMID: 35461850 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Road traffic constitutes a major source of air pollutants in urban Beijing, which are responsible for substantial premature mortality. A series of policies and regulations has led to appreciable traffic emission reductions in recent decades. To shed light on long-term (2014-2020) roadside air pollution and assess the efficacy of traffic control measures and their effects on public health, this study quantitatively evaluated changes in the concentrations of six key air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, CO and O3) measured at 5 roadside and 12 urban background monitoring stations in Beijing. We found that the annual mean concentrations of these air pollutants were remarkably reduced by 47%-71% from 2014 to 2020, while the concurrent ozone concentration increased by 17.4%. In addition, we observed reductions in the roadside increments in PM2.5, NO2, SO2 and CO of 54.8%, 29.8%, 20.6%, and 59.1%, respectively, indicating the high effectiveness of new vehicle standard (China V and VI) implementation in Beijing. The premature deaths due to traffic emissions were estimated to be 8379 and 1908 cases in 2014 and 2020, respectively. The impact of NO2 from road traffic relative to PM2.5 on premature mortality was comparable to that of traffic-related PM2.5 emissions. The public health effect of SO2 originating from traffic was markedly lower than that of PM2.5. The results indicated that a reduction in traffic-related NO2 could likely yield the greatest benefits for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefang Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Tuan V Vu
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Roy M Harrison
- Division of Environmental Health and Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Department of Environmental Sciences/Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jing Yan
- National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Xiaohan Hu
- Beijing Pollution Source Management Affairs Center, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Yangyang Cui
- National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Aijun Shi
- Beijing Vehicle Emission Management Affair Centre, Beijing, 102612, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yan Shen
- National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Gen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry of the China Meteorological Administration (CMA), Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Yifeng Xue
- National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing, 100037, China.
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Yang Y, Gong W, Li X, Liu Y, Liang Y, Chen B, Yang Y, Luo X, Xu K, Yuan C. Light-assisted room temperature gas sensing performance and mechanism of direct Z-scheme MoS 2/SnO 2 crystal faceted heterojunctions. J Hazard Mater 2022; 436:129246. [PMID: 35739765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Light assistance and construction of heterojunctions are both promising means to improve the room temperature gas sensing performance of MoS2 recently. However, enhancing the separation efficiency of photo-generated carriers at interface and adsorption ability of surface have become the bottleneck problem to further improve the room temperature gas sensing performance of MoS2-based heterojunctions under light assistance. In the present study, a novel direct Z-scheme MoS2/SnO2 heterojunction was designed through crystal facets engineering and its room temperature gas sensing properties under light assistance was studied. It was found that the heterojunction showed outstanding room temperature NO2 sensing performance with a high response of 208.66 toward 10 ppm NO2, together with excellent recovery characteristics and selectivity. The gas sensing mechanism study suggested that high-energy {221} crystal facets of SnO2 and MoS2 directly formed Z-scheme heterojunction, which could greatly improve the separation efficiency of photo-generated carriers with high redox capacity. Moreover, {221} facets greatly enhanced adsorption ability towards NO2. This work not only opens up the application of Z-scheme heterojunctions in gas sensing, which will greatly promotes the development of room temperature light-assisted gas sensors, but also provides a new idea for the construction of direct Z-scheme heterojunctions through crystal facets engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Sensors, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectronics and Telecommunication, School of Physics, Communication and Electronics, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330098, Jiangxi, PR China.
| | - Wufei Gong
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Sensors, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectronics and Telecommunication, School of Physics, Communication and Electronics, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330098, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Sensors, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectronics and Telecommunication, School of Physics, Communication and Electronics, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330098, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Sensors, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectronics and Telecommunication, School of Physics, Communication and Electronics, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330098, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Jiangxi University of Technology, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Yanxing Yang
- Department of Physics, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102-1982, USA
| | - Xingfang Luo
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Sensors, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectronics and Telecommunication, School of Physics, Communication and Electronics, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330098, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Keng Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Sensors, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectronics and Telecommunication, School of Physics, Communication and Electronics, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330098, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Cailei Yuan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Sensors, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectronics and Telecommunication, School of Physics, Communication and Electronics, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330098, Jiangxi, PR China
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Kreis C, Héritier H, Scheinemann K, Hengartner H, de Hoogh K, Röösli M, Spycher BD. Childhood cancer and traffic-related air pollution in Switzerland: A nationwide census-based cohort study. Environ Int 2022; 166:107380. [PMID: 35809486 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Motor vehicle exhaust is a major contributor to air pollution, and exposure to benzene or other carcinogenic components may increase cancer risks. We aimed to investigate the association between traffic-related air pollution and risk of childhood cancer in a nationwide cohort study in Switzerland. We identified incident cases from the Swiss Childhood Cancer Registry diagnosed < 16 years of age between 1990 and 2015 and linked them probabilistically with the census-based Swiss National Cohort study. We developed land use regression models to estimate annual mean ambient levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and benzene outside 1.4 million children's homes. We used risk-set sampling to facilitate the analysis of time-varying exposure and fitted conditional logistic regression models adjusting for neighborhood socio-economic position, level of urbanization, and background ionizing radiation. We included 2,960 cancer cases in the analyses. The adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals for exposure to NO2 per 10 μg/m3 were 1.00 (95%-CI 0.88-1.13) for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 1.31 (95%-CI 1.00-1.71) for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Using exposure lagged by 1 to 5 years instead of current exposure attenuated the effect for AML. The adjusted HR for exposure to benzene per 1 μg/m3 was 1.03 (95%-CI 0.86-1.23) for ALL and 1.29 (95%-CI 0.86-1.95) for AML. We also observed increased HRs for other diagnostic groups, notably non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Our study adds to the existing evidence that exposure to traffic-related air pollution is associated with an increased risk of childhood leukemia, particularly AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kreis
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Harris Héritier
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Scheinemann
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland; Department of Pediatrics, McMaster Children's Hospital and McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Heinz Hengartner
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Children's Hospital of Sankt Gallen, Sankt Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Röösli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ben D Spycher
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Liu F, Xing C, Su P, Luo Y, Zhao T, Xue J, Zhang G, Qin S, Song Y, Bu N. Source analysis of the tropospheric NO 2 based on MAX-DOAS measurements in northeastern China. Environ Pollut 2022; 306:119424. [PMID: 35537554 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ground-based Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (Max-DOAS) measurements of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were continuously obtained from January to November 2019 in northeastern China (NEC). Seasonal variations in the mean NO2 vertical column densities (VCDs) were apparent, with a maximum of 2.9 × 1016 molecules cm-2 in the winter due to enhanced NO2 emissions from coal-fired winter heating, a longer photochemical lifetime and atmospheric transport. Daily maximum and minimum NO2 VCDs were observed, independent of the season, at around 11:00 and 13:00 local time, respectively, and the most obvious increases and decreases occurred in the winter and autumn, respectively. The mean diurnal NO2 VCDs at 11:00 increased to at 08:00 by 1.6, 5.8, and 6.7 × 1015 molecules cm-2 in the summer, autumn and winter, respectively, due to increased NO2 emissions, and then decreased by 2.8, 4.2, and 5.1 × 1015 molecules cm-2 at 13:00 in the spring, summer, and autumn, respectively. This was due to strong solar radiation and increased planetary boundary layer height. There was no obvious weekend effect, and the NO2 VCDs only decreased by about 10% on the weekends. We evaluated the contributions of emissions and transport in the different seasons to the NO2 VCDs using a generalized additive model, where the contributions of local emissions to the total in the spring, summer, autumn, and winter were 89 ± 12%, 92 ± 11%, 86 ± 12%, and 72 ± 16%, respectively. The contribution of regional transport reached 26% in the winter, and this high contribution value was mainly correlated with the northeast wind, which was due to the transport channel of air pollutants along the Changbai Mountains in NEC. The NO2/SO2 ratio was used to identify NO2 from industrial sources and vehicle exhaust. The contribution of industrial NO2 VCD sources was >66.3 ± 16% in Shenyang due to the large amount of coal combustion from heavy industrial activity, which emitted large amounts of NO2. Our results suggest that air quality management in Shenyang should consider reductions in local NO2 emissions from industrial sources along with regional cooperative control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Chengzhi Xing
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Pinjie Su
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Yifu Luo
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Jiexiao Xue
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Guohui Zhang
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Sida Qin
- Liaoning Science and Technology Center for Ecological and Environmental Protection, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Youtao Song
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Naishun Bu
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment Research in Cold Regions of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin University, 150086, China.
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49
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Guan Y, Xiao Y, Chu C, Zhang N, Yu L. Trends and characteristics of ozone and nitrogen dioxide related health impacts in Chinese cities. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 241:113808. [PMID: 35759982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ambient ozone pollution has been becoming severe and attributed to considerable health impacts in China. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is involved in atmospheric ozone production while also affecting public health directly. Joint control ozone and NO2 pollution would be of significance. This study quantitatively assessed the health impact attributed to ambient ozone and NO2 pollution in 338 Chinese cities from 2015 to 2020. The results reveal the generally opposite trends of ozone- and NO2-related health impacts in China. From 2015-2020, respiratory and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) health impacts attributed to ozone in 338 cities increased by 65.30% and 63.98%. The NO2-attributed health impacts decreased by 24.80% and 24.62%. In 2020, the ozone- and NO2-related respiratory health impacts were 3.96 million DALYs (disability-adjusted life years) and 1.47 million DALYs. High health impacts are concentrated in big cities and city clusters. In 2020, the sum of ozone- and NO2-related respiratory health impacts in the top 20 cities was 0.98 million DALYs and 0.44 million DALYs, accounting for 24.70% and 30.24% of the 338 cities. The population attribution fraction analysis identified the increasing distributional consistency of ozone and NO2-related health impacts, emphasizing the necessity and possible efficiency of ozone-NO2 joint control. Emission source analysis based on gridded data provided a reference for understanding health impacts and developing targeted strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Guan
- Institute of Strategic Planning, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China; The Center for Beautiful China, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Institute of Strategic Planning, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China; The Center for Beautiful China, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Chengjun Chu
- Center of Environmental Status and Plan Assessment, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Institute of Strategic Planning, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Lei Yu
- Institute of Strategic Planning, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China.
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Xu J, Yang Z, Han B, Yang W, Duan Y, Fu Q, Bai Z. A unified empirical modeling approach for particulate matter and NO 2 in a coastal city in China. Chemosphere 2022; 299:134384. [PMID: 35337823 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Modeling air pollutants on a fine spatiotemporal scale is necessary for health studies that focus on critical short-term exposure windows. A unified empirical modeling approach is useful for health studies; however, it is unclear whether this approach can be used in a coastal city for air pollutants driven by local emissions and regional meteorological factors. An advanced empirical modeling approach was used to develop exposure models from October 2012 to December 2019, for particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less than or equal to 2.5 and 10 μm (PM2.5 and PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in the coastal city of Shanghai, China. Air pollutant concentrations were obtained from daily measurements at 55 administrative monitoring sites that were integrated into three-day average concentrations. Data on a large array of geographic variables were collected, and their dimensions were reduced using the partial least squares regression method. A geostatistical model using the land-use regression approach in a universal kriging framework was developed to estimate short-term exposure concentrations. The prediction ability of the models were determined by leave-one (site)-out cross-validation (LOOCV) and external validation (EV). Compared to the LOOCV results, the EV results for PM2.5 and PM10 were consistently reliable, but the EV for NO2 had a larger root mean squared error. The temporal random effects involved in the model structure were interpreted using sensitivity analyses. This affected the short-term PM2.5 and PM10 model predictions. This unified empirical modeling approach was successfully used for particulate matter in Shanghai, where air pollution is affected by complex regional and meteorological conditions. These exposure models are going to be applied for making exposure predictions at residential locations for short-term exposure predictions in the "Growth trajectories and air pollution" (GAAP) study in Shanghai that focuses on maternal and early life exposure to air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Zhenchun Yang
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States
| | - Bin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Wen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Yusen Duan
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qingyan Fu
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhipeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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