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Henderson MJ, Holbert MA, Simeonov A, Kallal LA. High-Throughput Cellular Thermal Shift Assays in Research and Drug Discovery. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2020; 25:137-147. [PMID: 31566060 PMCID: PMC10915787 DOI: 10.1177/2472555219877183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Thermal shift assays (TSAs) can reveal changes in protein structure, due to a resultant change in protein thermal stability. Since proteins are often stabilized upon binding of ligand molecules, these assays can provide a readout for protein target engagement. TSA has traditionally been applied using purified proteins and more recently has been extended to study target engagement in cellular environments with the emergence of cellular thermal shift assays (CETSAs). The utility of CETSA in confirming molecular interaction with targets in a more native context, and the desire to apply this technique more broadly, has fueled the emergence of higher-throughput techniques for CETSA (HT-CETSA). Recent studies have demonstrated that HT-CETSA can be performed in standard 96-, 384-, and 1536-well microtiter plate formats using methods such as beta-galactosidase and NanoLuciferase reporters and AlphaLISA assays. HT-CETSA methods can be used to select and characterize compounds from high-throughput screens and to prioritize compounds in lead optimization by facilitating dose-response experiments. In conjunction with cellular and biochemical activity assays for targets, HT-CETSA can be a valuable addition to the suite of assays available to characterize molecules of interest. Despite the successes in implementing HT-CETSA for a diverse set of targets, caveats and challenges must also be recognized to avoid overinterpretation of results. Here, we review the current landscape of HT-CETSA and discuss the methodologies, practical considerations, challenges, and applications of this approach in research and drug discovery. Additionally, a perspective on potential future directions for the technology is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Henderson
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Marc A Holbert
- Protein, Cellular, & Structural Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Lorena A Kallal
- Screening, Profiling, and Mechanistic Biology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
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52
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Chaperone mediated detection of small molecule target binding in cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:465. [PMID: 31974362 PMCID: PMC6978363 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14033-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to quantitatively measure a small molecule’s interactions with its protein target(s) is crucial for both mechanistic studies of signaling pathways and in drug discovery. However, current methods to achieve this have specific requirements that can limit their application or interpretation. Here we describe a complementary target-engagement method, HIPStA (Heat Shock Protein Inhibition Protein Stability Assay), a high-throughput method to assess small molecule binding to endogenous, unmodified target protein(s) in cells. The methodology relies on the change in protein turnover when chaperones, such as HSP90, are inhibited and the stabilization effect that drug-target binding has on this change. We use HIPStA to measure drug binding to three different classes of drug targets (receptor tyrosine kinases, nuclear hormone receptors, and cytoplasmic protein kinases), via quantitative fluorescence imaging. We further demonstrate its utility by pairing the method with quantitative mass spectrometry to identify previously unknown targets of a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Quantitative profiling of small molecule-protein binding in cells can aid basic biochemical research and drug discovery. Here, the authors develop the Heat Shock Protein Inhibition Protein Stability Assay (HIPStA) as a high-throughput method to assess cellular target engagement and identify new drug targets.
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53
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Taylor IR, Assimon VA, Kuo SY, Rinaldi S, Li X, Young ZT, Morra G, Green K, Nguyen D, Shao H, Garneau-Tsodikova S, Colombo G, Gestwicki JE. Tryptophan scanning mutagenesis as a way to mimic the compound-bound state and probe the selectivity of allosteric inhibitors in cells. Chem Sci 2020; 11:1892-1904. [PMID: 34123282 PMCID: PMC8148087 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04284a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the selectivity of a small molecule for its target(s) in cells is an important goal in chemical biology and drug discovery. One powerful way to address this question is with dominant negative (DN) mutants, in which an active site residue in the putative target is mutated. While powerful, this approach is less straightforward for allosteric sites. Here, we introduce tryptophan scanning mutagenesis as an expansion of this idea. As a test case, we focused on the challenging drug target, heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70), and its allosteric inhibitor JG-98. Structure-based modelling predicted that mutating Y149W in human Hsc70 or Y145W in the bacterial ortholog DnaK would place an indole side chain into the allosteric pocket normally occupied by the compound. Indeed, we found that the tryptophan mutants acted as if they were engaged with JG-98. We then used DnaK Y145W to suggest that this protein may be an anti-bacterial target. Indeed, we found that DnaK inhibitors have minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values <0.125 μg mL-1 against several pathogens, including multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. We propose that tryptophan scanning mutagenesis may provide a distinct way to address the important problem of target engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle R Taylor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco 675 Nelson Rising Lane San Francisco CA 94158 USA
| | - Victoria A Assimon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco 675 Nelson Rising Lane San Francisco CA 94158 USA
| | - Szu Yu Kuo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco 675 Nelson Rising Lane San Francisco CA 94158 USA
| | - Silvia Rinaldi
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR Via Mario Bianco 9 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Xiaokai Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco 675 Nelson Rising Lane San Francisco CA 94158 USA
| | - Zapporah T Young
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco 675 Nelson Rising Lane San Francisco CA 94158 USA
| | - Giulia Morra
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR Via Mario Bianco 9 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Keith Green
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40536-0596 USA
| | - Daniel Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco 675 Nelson Rising Lane San Francisco CA 94158 USA
| | - Hao Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco 675 Nelson Rising Lane San Francisco CA 94158 USA
| | | | - Giorgio Colombo
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR Via Mario Bianco 9 20131 Milano Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia V.le Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco 675 Nelson Rising Lane San Francisco CA 94158 USA
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54
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Herledan A, Andres M, Lejeune-Dodge A, Leroux F, Biela A, Piveteau C, Warenghem S, Couturier C, Deprez B, Deprez-Poulain R. Drug Target Engagement Using Coupled Cellular Thermal Shift Assay-Acoustic Reverse-Phase Protein Array. SLAS DISCOVERY 2019; 25:207-214. [PMID: 31885312 DOI: 10.1177/2472555219897256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the last 5 years, cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), a technology based on ligand-induced changes in protein thermal stability, has been increasingly used in drug discovery to address the fundamental question of whether drug candidates engage their intended target in a biologically relevant setting. To analyze lysates from cells submitted to increasing temperature, the detection and quantification of the remaining soluble protein can be achieved using quantitative mass spectrometry, Western blotting, or AlphaScreen techniques. Still, these approaches can be time- and cell-consuming. To cope with limitations of throughput and protein amount requirements, we developed a new coupled assay combining the advantages of a nanoacoustic transfer system and reverse-phase protein array technology within CETSA experiments. We validated the technology to assess engagement of inhibitors of insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), an enzyme involved in diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. CETSA-acoustic reverse-phase protein array (CETSA-aRPPA) allows simultaneous analysis of many conditions and drug-target engagement with a small sample size, in a rapid, cost-effective, and biological material-saving manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Herledan
- University of Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177-Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, Lille, France
| | - Marine Andres
- University of Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177-Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, Lille, France.,European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, EGID, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Florence Leroux
- University of Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177-Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, Lille, France.,European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, EGID, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Alexandre Biela
- University of Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177-Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, Lille, France
| | - Catherine Piveteau
- University of Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177-Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, Lille, France
| | - Sandrine Warenghem
- University of Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177-Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, Lille, France
| | - Cyril Couturier
- University of Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177-Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, Lille, France
| | - Benoit Deprez
- University of Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177-Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, Lille, France.,European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, EGID, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Rebecca Deprez-Poulain
- University of Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177-Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, Lille, France.,European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, EGID, University of Lille, Lille, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
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55
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Huang L, Li X, Zhang C. Progress in using chemical biology as a tool to uncover novel regulators of plant endomembrane trafficking. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 52:106-113. [PMID: 31546132 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The regulated dynamic transport of materials among organelles through endomembrane trafficking pathways is essential for plant growth, development, and environmental adaptation, and thus is a major topic of plant biology research. Large-scale chemical library screens have identified small molecules that could potentially inhibit different plant endomembrane trafficking steps. Further characterization of these molecules has provided valuable tools for understanding plant endomembrane trafficking and uncovered novel regulators of trafficking processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 915 W. State St., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States; Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 915 W. State St., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States; Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - Chunhua Zhang
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 915 W. State St., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States; Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States.
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56
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Applications of Differential Scanning Fluorometry and Related Technologies in Characterization of Protein-Ligand Interactions. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2019; 2089:47-68. [PMID: 31773647 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0163-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Differential scanning fluorometry (DSF) is an efficient and high-throughput method to analyze protein stability, as well as detect ligand interactions through perturbations of the protein's melting temperature. The method monitors protein unfolding by observing the fluorescence changes of a sample, whether through an environmentally sensitive fluorophore or by intrinsic protein fluorescence, while a temperature gradient is applied. Here, we describe in detail how to develop and optimize DSF assays to identify protein-ligand interactions while exploring different buffer and additive conditions. Analysis of the data and further applications of the method are also discussed.
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57
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Seashore-Ludlow B, Axelsson H, Lundbäck T. Perspective on CETSA Literature: Toward More Quantitative Data Interpretation. SLAS DISCOVERY 2019; 25:118-126. [PMID: 31665966 DOI: 10.1177/2472555219884524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) was introduced in 2013 to investigate drug-target engagement inside live cells and tissues. As with all thermal shift assays, the response measured by CETSA is not simply governed by ligand affinity to the investigated target protein, but the thermodynamics and kinetics of ligand binding and protein unfolding also contribute to the observed protein stabilization. This limitation is commonly neglected in current applications of the method to validate the target of small-molecule probes. Instead, there is an eagerness to make direct comparisons of CETSA measurements with functional and phenotypic readouts from cells at 37 °C. Here, we present a perspective of the early CETSA literature and put the accumulated data into a quantitative context. The analysis includes annotation of ~270 peer-reviewed papers, the majority of which do not consider the underlying biophysical basis of CETSA. We also detail what future technology developments are needed to enable CETSA-based optimization of structure-activity relationships and more appropriate comparisons of these data with functional or phenotypic responses. Finally, we describe ongoing developments in assay formats that allow for CETSA measurements at single-cell resolution, with the aspiration to allow differentiation in cellular target engagement between cells in co-cultures and more complex models, such as organoids and potentially even tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brinton Seashore-Ludlow
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratories, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Hanna Axelsson
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratories, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Thomas Lundbäck
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratories, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Mechanistic Biology & Profiling, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
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58
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Asawa RR, Zakharov A, Niehoff T, Chitsaz A, Jadhav A, Henderson MJ, Simeonov A, Martinez NJ. A Comparative Study of Target Engagement Assays for HDAC1 Inhibitor Profiling. SLAS DISCOVERY 2019; 25:253-264. [PMID: 31662025 DOI: 10.1177/2472555219883625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are epigenetic modulators linked to diseases including cancer and neurodegeneration. Given their therapeutic potential, highly sensitive biochemical and cell-based profiling technologies have been developed to discover small-molecule HDAC inhibitors. Ultimately, the therapeutic action of these inhibitors is dependent on a physical engagement with their intended targets in cellular and tissue environments. Confirming target engagement in the cellular environment is particularly relevant for HDACs since they function as part of cell type-specific multiprotein complexes. Here we implemented two recently developed high-throughput target engagement technologies, NanoBRET and SplitLuc CETSA, to profile 349 compounds in the Epigenetic-Focused collection for HDAC1 binding. We found that the two HDAC1 target engagement assays correlated well with each other and with orthogonal activity-based assays, in particular those carried out in cellular environments rather than with isolated HDAC proteins. The assays detected a majority of the previously described HDAC1 inhibitors in the collection and, importantly, triaged HDAC inhibitors known to target other HDACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosita R Asawa
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Alexey Zakharov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Taylor Niehoff
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Ata Chitsaz
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Ajit Jadhav
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Mark J Henderson
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Natalia J Martinez
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
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59
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A small molecule inhibitor of ER-to-cytosol protein dislocation exhibits anti-dengue and anti-Zika virus activity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10901. [PMID: 31358863 PMCID: PMC6662757 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47532-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with flaviviruses, such as dengue virus (DENV) and the recently re-emerging Zika virus (ZIKV), represents an increasing global risk. Targeting essential host elements required for flavivirus replication represents an attractive approach for the discovery of antiviral agents. Previous studies have identified several components of the Hrd1 ubiquitin ligase-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway, a cellular protein quality control process, as host factors crucial for DENV and ZIKV replication. Here, we report that CP26, a small molecule inhibitor of protein dislocation from the ER lumen to the cytosol, which is an essential step for ERAD, has broad-spectrum anti-flavivirus activity. CP26 targets the Hrd1 complex, inhibits ERAD, and induces ER stress. Ricin and cholera toxins are known to hijack the protein dislocation machinery to reach the cytosol, where they exert their cytotoxic effects. CP26 selectively inhibits the activity of cholera toxin but not that of ricin. CP26 exhibits a significant inhibitory activity against both DENV and ZIKV, providing substantial protection to the host cells against virus-induced cell death. This study identified a novel dislocation inhibitor, CP26, that shows potent anti-DENV and anti-ZIKV activity in cells. Furthermore, this study provides the first example of the targeting of host ER dislocation with small molecules to combat flavivirus infection.
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60
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Shaw J, Dale I, Hemsley P, Leach L, Dekki N, Orme JP, Talbot V, Narvaez AJ, Bista M, Martinez Molina D, Dabrowski M, Main MJ, Gianni D. Positioning High-Throughput CETSA in Early Drug Discovery through Screening against B-Raf and PARP1. SLAS DISCOVERY 2018; 24:121-132. [PMID: 30543471 PMCID: PMC6484527 DOI: 10.1177/2472555218813332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Methods to measure cellular target engagement are increasingly being used in early drug discovery. The Cellular Thermal Shift Assay (CETSA) is one such method. CETSA can investigate target engagement by measuring changes in protein thermal stability upon compound binding within the intracellular environment. It can be performed in high-throughput, microplate-based formats to enable broader application to early drug discovery campaigns, though high-throughput forms of CETSA have only been reported for a limited number of targets. CETSA offers the advantage of investigating the target of interest in its physiological environment and native state, but it is not clear yet how well this technology correlates to more established and conventional cellular and biochemical approaches widely used in drug discovery. We report two novel high-throughput CETSA (CETSA HT) assays for B-Raf and PARP1, demonstrating the application of this technology to additional targets. By performing comparative analyses with other assays, we show that CETSA HT correlates well with other screening technologies and can be applied throughout various stages of hit identification and lead optimization. Our results support the use of CETSA HT as a broadly applicable and valuable methodology to help drive drug discovery campaigns to molecules that engage the intended target in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Shaw
- 1 Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian Dale
- 1 Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul Hemsley
- 1 Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lindsey Leach
- 2 Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, UK
| | | | - Jonathan P Orme
- 1 Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Verity Talbot
- 4 Mechanistic Biology & Profiling, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ana J Narvaez
- 4 Mechanistic Biology & Profiling, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michal Bista
- 5 Structure, Biophysics & Fragment Based Lead Generation, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Martin J Main
- 1 Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.,6 Medicines Discovery Catapult, Mereside, Alderley Park, UK
| | - Davide Gianni
- 1 Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
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61
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Seashore-Ludlow B, Axelsson H, Almqvist H, Dahlgren B, Jonsson M, Lundbäck T. Quantitative Interpretation of Intracellular Drug Binding and Kinetics Using the Cellular Thermal Shift Assay. Biochemistry 2018; 57:6715-6725. [PMID: 30418016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b01057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Evidence of physical interaction with the target protein is essential in the development of chemical probes and drugs. The cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) allows evaluation of drug binding in live cells but lacks a framework to support quantitative interpretations and comparisons with functional data. We outline an experimental platform for such analysis using human kinase p38α. Systematic variations to the assay's characteristic heat challenge demonstrate an apparent loss of compound potency with an increase in duration or temperature, in line with expectations from the literature for thermal shift assays. Importantly, data for five structurally diverse inhibitors can be quantitatively explained using a simple model of linked equilibria and published binding parameters. The platform further distinguishes between ligand mechanisms and allows for quantitative comparisons of drug binding affinities and kinetics in live cells and lysates. We believe this work has broad implications in the appropriate use of the CETSA for target and compound validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brinton Seashore-Ludlow
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratories , Karolinska Institutet , SE-171 65 Solna , Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics , Karolinska Institutet , SE-171 65 Solna , Sweden
| | - Hanna Axelsson
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratories , Karolinska Institutet , SE-171 65 Solna , Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics , Karolinska Institutet , SE-171 65 Solna , Sweden
| | - Helena Almqvist
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratories , Karolinska Institutet , SE-171 65 Solna , Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics , Karolinska Institutet , SE-171 65 Solna , Sweden
| | - Björn Dahlgren
- Department of Chemistry , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Mats Jonsson
- Department of Chemistry , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Thomas Lundbäck
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratories , Karolinska Institutet , SE-171 65 Solna , Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics , Karolinska Institutet , SE-171 65 Solna , Sweden.,Mechanistic Biology & Profiling, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit , AstraZeneca , Gothenburg, SE-431 83 Mölndal , Sweden
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