51
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Ikeda N, Kato D, Tsuboi M, Yoshitake R, Eto S, Yoshimoto S, Shinada M, Kamoto S, Hashimoto Y, Takahashi Y, Chambers J, Uchida K, Nishimura R, Nakagawa T. Detection of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1-expressing cells in canine normal and tumor tissues. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1885-1890. [PMID: 34690223 PMCID: PMC8762412 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a novel cancer treatment for canine tumors. Indoleamine
2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is overexpressed in some human tumors and inhibits antitumor
immunity. In this study, we comprehensively evaluated expression pattern of IDO1 and the
nature of IDO1-expressing cells in canine normal and tumor tissues. In normal tissue
samples, IDO1 expression was detected only in the lymph nodes, spleen, tonsil tissues, and
colon tissues. In contrast, IDO1-positive tumor cells were observed in several tumor
tissue types. This is the first study to evaluate IDO1 expression in canine normal and
tumor tissues, and the results suggest that IDO1 is a promising target for novel cancer
immunotherapy in dogs with tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namiko Ikeda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Daiki Kato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | | | - Ryohei Yoshitake
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Shotaro Eto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Sho Yoshimoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Masahiro Shinada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Satoshi Kamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | | | | | - James Chambers
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Ryohei Nishimura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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Inanaga S, Igase M, Sakai Y, Tanabe M, Shimonohara N, Itamoto K, Nakaichi M, Mizuno T. Mismatch repair deficiency in canine neoplasms. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:1058-1063. [PMID: 34538134 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211022704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system preserves genomic stability by identifying and repairing mismatched nucleotides in the DNA replication process. The dysfunction of the MMR system, also known as mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR), is implicated as a predictive biomarker for the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade therapy regardless of the tumor type in humans. This study aimed to evaluate the immunolabeling of MMR proteins in canine tumors and to identify the types of tumors having dMMR. First, we performed immunohistochemistry in 8 different canine tumors (oral malignant melanoma, high-to-intermediate grade lymphoma, mast cell tumor, malignant mammary gland tumor, urothelial carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, osteosarcoma, and hemangiosarcoma) with 15 samples each to analyze the immunolabeling of canine mismatch repair proteins (MSH2, MSH6, and MLH1) using anti-human monoclonal antibodies. We found that more than half of canine oral malignant melanoma (60%) and hepatocellular carcinoma (53%) samples and fewer of the other canine tumors had loss of immunolabeling in ≥1 MMR protein (ie, evidence of defective MMR proteins, based on the definition of dMMR in the humans). Antibodies against human MSH2, MSH6, and MLH1 were cross-reactive with the corresponding canine protein as confirmed using MMR gene knockout canine cell lines. Further studies are required to investigate the clinical outcomes in canine spontaneous tumors with dMMR to determine the potential for immune checkpoint blockade therapy for these tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mika Tanabe
- Veterinary Pathology Diagnostic Center, Fukuoka, Japan
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Klingemann H. Immunotherapy for Dogs: Still Running Behind Humans. Front Immunol 2021; 12:665784. [PMID: 34421888 PMCID: PMC8374065 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.665784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite all good intentions, dogs are still running behind humans in effective cancer immunotherapies. The more effective treatments in humans, like infusions of CAR-T and NK-cells are not broadly pursued for canines due to significant costs, the rather complicated logistics and the lack of targetable surface antigens. Monoclonal antibodies are challenging to develop considering the limited knowledge about canine target antigens and about their mode of action. Although immunogenic vaccines could be less costly, this approach is hampered by the fact that cancer by itself is immuno-suppressive and any preceding chemotherapy may suppress any clinically meaningful immune response. This review - rather than providing a comprehensive listing of all available immunotherapies for dogs, aims at pointing out the issues that are holding back this field but which hopefully can be addressed so that dogs can "catch up" with what is available to humans.
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Wong K, Ludwig L, Krijgsman O, Adams DJ, Wood GA, van der Weyden L. Comparison of the oncogenomic landscape of canine and feline hemangiosarcoma shows novel parallels with human angiosarcoma. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm049044. [PMID: 34296746 PMCID: PMC8319545 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiosarcoma (AS) is a highly aggressive tumor of blood and lymphatic vessels in humans that shares many similarities with spontaneously occurring hemangiosarcoma (HSA) in dogs and cats. To investigate the genetic suitability of HSA as a model for AS, we sequenced ∼1000 cancer genes in 41 cases of HSA and matched germline tissue: 15 canine visceral HSAs, 13 canine skin HSAs and 13 feline skin HSAs. Analysis of visceral HSAs from dogs presenting with concurrent splenic and cardiac neoplasms showed that the tumors were not independent primaries, consistent with the highly metastatic nature of HSA. Comparison of HSA to AS revealed that several driver genes were recurrently mutated in both species, such as TP53, PIK3CA, ATRX, GRIN2A and LRP1B. Similar to AS, a UV mutational signature was found in a subset of canine cutaneous HSAs and both species show differing mutational profiles between tissue sites. Our characterization of canine and feline HSA demonstrates many important parallels to AS and provides hope that future studies on these cancers will benefit of all three species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Wong
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Latasha Ludwig
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E., Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Oscar Krijgsman
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David J. Adams
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Geoffrey A. Wood
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E., Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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55
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Aresu L, Marconato L, Martini V, Fanelli A, Licenziato L, Foiani G, Melchiotti E, Nicoletti A, Vascellari M. Prognostic Value of PD-L1, PD-1 and CD8A in Canine Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Detected by RNAscope. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8070120. [PMID: 34209830 PMCID: PMC8310184 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8070120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoints are a set of molecules dysregulated in several human and canine cancers and aberrations of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis are often correlated with a worse prognosis. To gain an insight into the role of immune checkpoints in canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (cDLBCL), we investigated PD-L1, PD-1 and CD8A expression by RNAscope. Results were correlated with several clinico-pathological features, including treatment, Ki67 index and outcome. A total of 33 dogs treated with chemotherapy (n = 12) or chemoimmunotherapy with APAVAC (n = 21) were included. PD-L1 signal was diffusely distributed among neoplastic cells, whereas PD-1 and CD8A were localized in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. However, PD-1 mRNA was also retrieved in tumor cells. An association between PD-L1 and PD-1 scores was identified and a higher risk of relapse and lymphoma-related death was found in dogs treated with chemotherapy alone and dogs with higher PD-L1 and PD-1 scores. The correlation between PD-L1 and PD-1 is in line with the mechanism of immune checkpoints in cancers, where neoplastic cells overexpress PD-L1 that, in turn, binds PD-1 receptors in activated TIL. We also found that Ki67 index was significantly increased in dogs with the highest PD-L1 and PD-1 scores, indirectly suggesting a role in promoting tumor proliferation. Finally, even if the biological consequence of PD-1+ tumor cells is unknown, our findings suggest that PD-1 intrinsic expression in cDLBCL might contribute to tumor growth escaping adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Aresu
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.F.); (L.L.); (A.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Laura Marconato
- Department of Medical Veterinary Science, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy;
| | - Valeria Martini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
| | - Antonella Fanelli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.F.); (L.L.); (A.N.)
| | - Luca Licenziato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.F.); (L.L.); (A.N.)
| | - Greta Foiani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (G.F.); (E.M.); (M.V.)
| | - Erica Melchiotti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (G.F.); (E.M.); (M.V.)
| | - Arturo Nicoletti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.F.); (L.L.); (A.N.)
| | - Marta Vascellari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (G.F.); (E.M.); (M.V.)
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56
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Mestrinho LA, Santos RR. Translational oncotargets for immunotherapy: From pet dogs to humans. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 172:296-313. [PMID: 33705879 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical studies in rodent models have been a pivotal role in human clinical research, but many of them fail in the translational process. Spontaneous tumors in pet dogs have the potential to bridge the gap between preclinical models and human clinical trials. Their natural occurrence in an immunocompetent system overcome the limitations of preclinical rodent models. Due to its reasonable cellular, molecular, and genetic homology to humans, the pet dog represents a valuable model to accelerate the translation of preclinical studies to clinical trials in humans, actually with benefits for both species. Moreover, their unique genetic features of breeding and breed-related mutations have contributed to assess and optimize therapeutics in individuals with different genetic backgrounds. This review aims to outline four main immunotherapy approaches - cancer vaccines, adaptive T-cell transfer, antibodies, and cytokines -, under research in veterinary medicine and how they can serve the clinical application crosstalk with humans.
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Pantelyushin S, Ranninger E, Guerrera D, Hutter G, Maake C, Markkanen E, Bettschart-Wolfensberger R, Rohrer Bley C, Läubli H, vom Berg J. Cross-Reactivity and Functionality of Approved Human Immune Checkpoint Blockers in Dogs. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:785. [PMID: 33668625 PMCID: PMC7918463 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rodent cancer models have limitations in predicting efficacy, tolerability and accompanying biomarkers of ICIs in humans. Companion dogs suffering from neoplastic diseases have gained attention as a highly relevant translational disease model. Despite successful reports of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in dogs, no compounds are available for veterinary medicine. METHODS Here, we assessed suitability of seven FDA-approved human ICIs to target CTLA-4 or PD-1/PD-L1 in dogs. Cross-reactivity and blocking potential was assessed using ELISA and flow cytometry. Functional responses were assessed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived from healthy donors (n = 12) and cancer patient dogs (n = 27) as cytokine production after stimulation. Immune composition and target expression of healthy donors and cancer patients was assessed via flow cytometry. RESULTS Four candidates showed cross-reactivity and two blocked the interaction of canine PD-1 and PD-L1. Of those, only atezolizumab significantly increased cytokine production of healthy and patient derived PBMCs in vitro. Especially lymphoma patient PBMCs responded with increased cytokine production. In other types of cancer, response to atezolizumab appeared to correlate with a lower frequency of CD8 T cells. CONCLUSIONS Cross-functionality of atezolizumab encourages reverse translational efforts using (combination) immunotherapies in companion dog tumor patients to benefit both veterinary and human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Pantelyushin
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (S.P.); (D.G.)
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Elisabeth Ranninger
- Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Services, Section of Anesthesiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (E.R.); (R.B.-W.)
| | - Diego Guerrera
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (S.P.); (D.G.)
| | - Gregor Hutter
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; (G.H.); (H.L.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Maake
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Enni Markkanen
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Regula Bettschart-Wolfensberger
- Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Services, Section of Anesthesiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (E.R.); (R.B.-W.)
| | - Carla Rohrer Bley
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Heinz Läubli
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; (G.H.); (H.L.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Johannes vom Berg
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (S.P.); (D.G.)
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