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Chowdhury A, Choudhury A, Chakraborty S, Ghosh A, Banerjee V, Ganguly S, Bhaduri G, Banerjee R, Das K, Chatterjee IB. p-Benzoquinone-induced aggregation and perturbation of structure and chaperone function of α-crystallin is a causative factor of cigarette smoke-related cataractogenesis. Toxicology 2017; 394:11-18. [PMID: 29196190 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a significant risk factor for cataract. However, the mechanism by which cigarette smoke (CS) causes cataract remains poorly understood. We had earlier shown that in CS-exposed guinea pig, p-benzoquinone (p-BQ) derived from CS in the lungs is carried by the circulatory system to distant organs and induces various smoke-related pathogeneses. Here, we observed that CS exposure caused accumulation of the p-BQ-protein adduct in the eye lens of guinea pigs. We also observed accumulation of the p-BQ-protein adduct in resected lens from human smokers with cataract. No such accumulation was observed in the lens of never smokers. p-BQ is a strong arylating agent that forms Michael adducts with serum albumin and haemoglobin resulting in alterations of structure and function. A major protein in the mammalian eye lens is αA-crystallin, which is a potent molecular chaperone. αA-crystallin plays a key role in maintaining the integrity and transparency of the lens. SDS-PAGE indicated that p-BQ induced aggregation of αA-crystallin. Various biophysical techniques including UV-vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, FT-IR, bis-ANS titration suggested a perturbation of structure and chaperone function of αA-crystallin upon p-BQ modification. Our results indicate that p-BQ is a causative agent involved in the modification of αA-crystallin and pathogenesis of CS-induced cataract. Our findings would educate public about the impacts of smoking on eye health and help to discourage them from smoking. The study might also help scientists to develop new drugs for the intervention of CS-induced cataract at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritra Chowdhury
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Calcutta University College of Science, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Aparajita Choudhury
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Calcutta University College of Science, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Shruti Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Calcutta University College of Science, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Arunava Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Calcutta University College of Science, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Victor Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, 93/1 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, 700 009, India
| | - Shinjini Ganguly
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Calcutta University College of Science, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Gautam Bhaduri
- Regional Institute of Opthalmology, Medical College, Kolkata, India
| | - Rajat Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Calcutta University College of Science, Kolkata 700019, India.
| | - Kalipada Das
- Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, 93/1 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, 700 009, India.
| | - Indu B Chatterjee
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Calcutta University College of Science, Kolkata 700019, India.
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Zhao WJ, Xu J, Chen XJ, Liu HH, Yao K, Yan YB. Effects of cataract-causing mutations W59C and W151C on βB2-crystallin structure, stability and folding. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 103:764-770. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Mazza A, Newhauser W, Pittman S, Halloran A, Maggi P, Tran L, Gila B, Rosenfeld A, Ziegler J. Cell-shaped silicon-on-insulator microdosimeters: characterization and response to 239PuBe irradiations. AUSTRALASIAN PHYSICAL & ENGINEERING SCIENCES IN MEDICINE 2017; 40:667-673. [PMID: 28887797 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-017-0576-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This work tested the feasibility of a silicon-on-insulator microdosimeter, which mimics the size and shape of specific cells within the human body, to determine dose equivalent from neutron irradiation. The microdosimeters were analyzed in terms of their basic diode characteristics, i.e., leakage current as a function of bias voltage. Lineal energy spectra were acquired using two different converter layers placed atop the microdosimeter: a tissue-substitute converter made from high-density polyethylene, and a boron converter consisting of epoxy coated with boron powder. The spectra were then converted into absorbed dose and dose equivalent. Experimental results were compared to Monte Carlo simulations of the neutron irradiations, revealing good agreement. Uncertainty in the dose equivalent determinations was 7.5% when using the cell-shaped microdosimeter with the tissue-substitute converter and 13.1% when using the boron converter. This work confirmed that the SOI approach to cell-mimicking microdosimetry is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Mazza
- Medical Physics and Health Physics Program, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, 439 Nicholson Hall, Tower Dr., Baton Rouge, LA, 70803-4001, USA. .,Department of Physics, Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
| | - Wayne Newhauser
- Medical Physics and Health Physics Program, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, 439 Nicholson Hall, Tower Dr., Baton Rouge, LA, 70803-4001, USA.,Department of Physics, Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Stephen Pittman
- Medical Physics and Health Physics Program, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, 439 Nicholson Hall, Tower Dr., Baton Rouge, LA, 70803-4001, USA
| | - Andrew Halloran
- Medical Physics and Health Physics Program, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, 439 Nicholson Hall, Tower Dr., Baton Rouge, LA, 70803-4001, USA
| | - Paul Maggi
- Medical Physics and Health Physics Program, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, 439 Nicholson Hall, Tower Dr., Baton Rouge, LA, 70803-4001, USA
| | - Linh Tran
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Brent Gila
- Nanoscale Research Facility, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Anatoly Rosenfeld
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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Patel R, Dubin J, Olweny EO, Elsamra SE, Weiss RE. Use of Fluoroscopy and Potential Long-Term Radiation Effects on Cataract Formation. J Endourol 2017; 31:825-828. [DOI: 10.1089/end.2016.0454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rutveej Patel
- Division of Urology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Justin Dubin
- Division of Urology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Ephrem O. Olweny
- Division of Urology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Sammy E. Elsamra
- Division of Urology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Robert E. Weiss
- Division of Urology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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Luo C, Chen X, Jin H, Yao K. The association between gout and cataract risk: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180188. [PMID: 28662131 PMCID: PMC5491146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the relationship between gout and age-related cataracts (ARCs). METHODS A comprehensive literature search of the PubMed and Web of Science databases was conducted to identify papers on the association between gout and cataract risk that had been published between February 1991 and January 2017. Pooled relative risks (RRs) or odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. The random-effects model was used instead of the fixed-effects model when heterogeneity was identified, as indicated by a Cochran's Q statistic P-value <0.10 or I2 index score >50%. RESULTS A total of 3 cross-sectional studies and 3 case-control studies were included in the meta-analysis. Gout was significantly associated with increased odds of ARCs (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.27-1.84). In the subgroup analysis, gout exhibited positive associations with the odds of posterior subcapsular cataracts (PSCs, OR 1.69, 95% CI: 1.06-2.70) and cortical cataracts (CCs, OR 1.39, 95% CI: 1.06-1.81). However, no association was identified between gout and the odds of nuclear cataracts. CONCLUSIONS The current literature suggested that gout may be associated with increased odds of ARCs, especially PSCs and CCs. Further efforts should be made to confirm these findings and clarify the effect of gout and gout medications on the development of cataracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenqi Luo
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Chen
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongchuan Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Runrun Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (KY); (HJ)
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (KY); (HJ)
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Krisanachinda A, Srimahachota S, Matsubara K. The current status of eye lens dose measurement in interventional cardiology personnel in Thailand. Radiol Phys Technol 2017; 10:142-147. [PMID: 28551839 DOI: 10.1007/s12194-017-0403-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Workers involved in interventional cardiology procedures receive high eye lens doses if radiation protection tools are not properly utilized. Currently, there is no suitable method for routine measurement of eye dose. In Thailand, the eye lens equivalent doses in terms of Hp(3) of the interventional cardiologists, nurses, and radiographers participating in interventional cardiology procedures have been measured at 12 centers since 2015 in the pilot study. The optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeter was used for measurement of the occupational exposure and the eye lens dose of 42 interventional cardiology personnel at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital as one of the pilot centers. For all personnel, it is recommended that a first In Light OSL badge is placed at waist level and under the lead apron for determination of Hp(10); a second badge is placed at the collar for determination of Hp(0.07) and estimation of Hp(3). Nano Dots OSL dosimeter has been used as an eye lens dosimeter for 16 interventional cardiology personnel, both with and without lead-glass eyewear. The mean effective dose at the body, equivalent dose at the collar, and estimated eye lens dose were 0.801, 5.88, and 5.70 mSv per year, respectively. The mean eye lens dose measured by the Nano Dots dosimeter was 8.059 mSv per year on the left eye and 3.552 mSv per year on the right eye. Two of 16 interventional cardiologists received annual eye lens doses on the left side without lead glass that were higher than 20 mSv per year, the new eye lens dose limit as recommended by ICRP with the risk of eye lens opacity and cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchali Krisanachinda
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Rama IV Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Suphot Srimahachota
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Rama IV Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Kosuke Matsubara
- Department of Quantum Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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Elmaraezy A, Ebraheem Morra M, Tarek Mohammed A, Al-Habaa A, Elgebaly A, Abdelmotaleb Ghazy A, Khalil AM, Tien Huy N, Hirayama K. Risk of cataract among interventional cardiologists and catheterization lab staff: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2017; 90:1-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ccd.27114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elmaraezy
- Faculty of Medicine; Al-Azhar University; Cairo 11884 Egypt
- Online Research Club, Nagasaki University; Nagasaki Japan
| | | | | | - Ahmed Al-Habaa
- Department of Cardiology; Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elgebaly
- Faculty of Medicine; Al-Azhar University; Cairo 11884 Egypt
| | | | - Adham M. Khalil
- Faculty of Medicine; Zagazig University; Zagazig 44519 Egypt
| | - Nguyen Tien Huy
- Evidence Based Medicine Research Group & Faculty of Applied Sciences; Ton Duc Thang University; Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Department of Clinical Product Development; Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Leading Graduate School Program, and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University; 1-12-4 Sakamoto Nagasaki 852-8523 Japan
| | - Kenji Hirayama
- Department of Immunogenetics; Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Leading Graduate School Program, and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University; 1-12-4 Sakamoto Nagasaki 852-8523 Japan
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58
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Wu X, Lai W, Lin H, Liu Y. Association of OGG1 and MTHFR polymorphisms with age-related cataract: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172092. [PMID: 28253266 PMCID: PMC5333819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To discern and confirm genetic biomarkers that help identify populations at high risk for age-related cataract (ARC). METHODS A literature search was performed in the PubMed, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Internet databases for genetic association studies published before June 26, 2016 regarding ARC susceptibility. All genetic polymorphisms reported were systematically reviewed, followed by extraction of candidate genes/loci with sufficient genotype data in ≥3 studies for the meta-analysis. A random/fixed-effects model was used to calculate the pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals to evaluate the associations considering multiple genetic models. Sensitivity analysis was also performed. RESULTS A total of 144 polymorphisms in 36 genes were reported in the 61 previous genetic association studies. Thereby, three polymorphisms of two genes (8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase-1 [OGG1]; methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase NADPH [MTHFR]) in eight studies were included in the meta-analysis. Regarding the OGG1-rs1052133, the GG (OR = 1.925; 95%CI, 1.181-3.136; p = 0.009) and CG (OR = 1.384; 95%CI, 1.171-1.636; p<0.001) genotypes indicated higher risk of ARC. For the MTHFR gene, the CC+TT genotype of rs1801133 might be protective (OR, 0.838; 95%CI, 0.710-0.989; p = 0.036), whereas the AA+CC genotype of rs1801131 indicated increased risk for the mixed subtype (OR = 1.517; 95%CI, 1.113-2.067; p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS Polymorphisms of OGG1 and MTHFR genes are associated with ARC susceptibility and may help identify populations at high risk for ARC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiyi Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haotian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (HL); (YL)
| | - Yizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (HL); (YL)
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Mohammadi SF, Afarideh M, Mehrjardi HZ, Mirhadi S. Obesity and Density of the Crystalline Lens: Revisiting a Growing Dilemma. Biomed Hub 2017; 2:1-8. [PMID: 31988899 PMCID: PMC6945933 DOI: 10.1159/000454979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Obesity is believed to accelerate age-related cataractogenesis through various biomechanisms. On the contrary, there are also studies advocating the protective role of obesity against the cataract formation process. We investigate the correlation of body mass index (BMI) as a measure for obesity with crystalline optical lens density and opacity in a healthy adult population. Methods In a cross-sectional setting, 93 consecutive disease-free adult individuals who were working staff of a university-based hospital were assessed for the association between crystalline lens density and opalescence [measured by the objective Pentacam HR lens densitometry and subjective Lens Opacity Classification System III (LOCS III), respectively] with the degree of obesity as defined by BMI. Results LOCS III and crystalline lens density readings were positively correlated [Spearman rho CC (p value) = 0.224 (0.034)]. However, we found neither LOCS III nor crystalline lens density to be correlated with BMI [Spearman rho CC = -0.008 (p = 0.943) and -0.062 (p = 0.560), respectively]. Conclusions Results from the present study indicate a lack of association between obesity and densitometry of the crystalline in the adult population group. Further studies are required to confirm the order of causality and pathogenesis of this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed-Farzad Mohammadi
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Afarideh
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Z Mehrjardi
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Mirhadi
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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De Stefano I, Giardullo P, Tanno B, Leonardi S, Pasquali E, Babini G, Saran A, Mancuso M. Nonlinear Radiation-Induced Cataract Using the RadiosensitivePtch1+/–Mouse Model. Radiat Res 2016; 186:315-21. [DOI: 10.1667/rr14440.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Osnes-Ringen Ø, Berg KH, Moe MC, Zetterström C, Røger M, Nicolaissen B. Cell death pattern in lens epithelium of cataract patients. Acta Ophthalmol 2016; 94:514-20. [PMID: 27061232 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, is observed in various types of cataract and in cultured lens epithelium subjected to oxidative damage. We have recently described oxidative DNA base damage in epithelium in age-related cataract and cultured cells, and we here aimed to examine such epithelium for markers for proliferation, initiation of apoptosis and morphological patterns of cell damage. METHODS Samples (n = 75) were analysed by light microscopy/electron microscopy (LM/EM); immunohistochemistry (IHC) for PCNA and Ki67 (DNA synthesis/proliferation); TUNEL assay (DNA fragmentation/apoptosis); and protein/gene expression of Caspase-3 (apoptotic effector molecule) and BAX/Bcl2 (pro-/anti-apoptotic marker) in fresh/cultured epithelium by IHC and qRT-PCR. RESULTS In fresh samples, the majority of cells were Ki67-/PCNA+. BAX/BCL-2-ratio was approximately 1, and Caspase-3 levels were low. TUNEL stained scattered nuclei/nuclear fragments (9/6302 cells). Main morphological signs of cell damage included rupture of cell membranes and hydration of cytoplasm and nuclei. Cultivation increased levels of BAX and Bcl2 by IHC and qRT-PCR (approximately 10-fold upregulation). Caspase-3 levels remained low by IHC with similar expression in fresh and cultured samples by qRT-PCR. CONCLUSION Genomic stress and DNA repair may explain the contrasting expression of Ki67/PCNA in fresh epithelium. Despite low levels of Caspase-3 and similar expression of BAX/Bcl-2, a low incidence of apoptosis may be detected in epithelium in age-related corticonuclear cataract. Epithelium may be transferred to culture without an increase in expression of Caspase-3, one of the central mediators of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øyvind Osnes-Ringen
- Center for Eye Research; Department of Ophthalmology; Oslo University Hospital; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Kristiane Haug Berg
- Center for Eye Research; Department of Ophthalmology; Oslo University Hospital; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Morten C. Moe
- Center for Eye Research; Department of Ophthalmology; Oslo University Hospital; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Charlotta Zetterström
- Center for Eye Research; Department of Ophthalmology; Oslo University Hospital; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Magnus Røger
- Department of Pathology; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
| | - Bjørn Nicolaissen
- Center for Eye Research; Department of Ophthalmology; Oslo University Hospital; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
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Serebryany E, Woodard JC, Adkar BV, Shabab M, King JA, Shakhnovich EI. An Internal Disulfide Locks a Misfolded Aggregation-prone Intermediate in Cataract-linked Mutants of Human γD-Crystallin. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:19172-83. [PMID: 27417136 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.735977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable mechanistic insight has been gained into amyloid aggregation; however, a large number of non-amyloid protein aggregates are considered "amorphous," and in most cases, little is known about their mechanisms. Amorphous aggregation of γ-crystallins in the eye lens causes cataract, a widespread disease of aging. We combined simulations and experiments to study the mechanism of aggregation of two γD-crystallin mutants, W42R and W42Q: the former a congenital cataract mutation, and the latter a mimic of age-related oxidative damage. We found that formation of an internal disulfide was necessary and sufficient for aggregation under physiological conditions. Two-chain all-atom simulations predicted that one non-native disulfide in particular, between Cys(32) and Cys(41), was likely to stabilize an unfolding intermediate prone to intermolecular interactions. Mass spectrometry and mutagenesis experiments confirmed the presence of this bond in the aggregates and its necessity for oxidative aggregation under physiological conditions in vitro Mining the simulation data linked formation of this disulfide to extrusion of the N-terminal β-hairpin and rearrangement of the native β-sheet topology. Specific binding between the extruded hairpin and a distal β-sheet, in an intermolecular chain reaction similar to domain swapping, is the most probable mechanism of aggregate propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Serebryany
- From the Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 and
| | - Jaie C Woodard
- the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Bharat V Adkar
- the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Mohammed Shabab
- From the Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 and
| | - Jonathan A King
- From the Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 and
| | - Eugene I Shakhnovich
- the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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Domienik J, Gryglak S, Jurewicz J. Characteristics of interventional cardiologists and their work practices for the study on radiation-induced lens opacities based on the methodology developed by ELDO-preliminary results. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2016; 57:431-437. [PMID: 26983990 PMCID: PMC4973644 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrw019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Preliminary results of the Polish epidemiology study on eye lens opacities among interventional cardiologists (ICs), based on the methodology proposed by ELDO (epidemiological studies of radio-induced cataracts in interventional cardiologists and radiologists: methodology implementation), are presented. The aim of the study is to test the hypothesis concerning the excess risk of cataract in the group of ICs. The first results concern the study population characteristics, including the most important confounding factors for cataract, as well as a detailed description of the work practices in interventional cardiology needed in order to reconstruct the cumulative eye lens dose. The data from 69 ICs and 23 controls collected based on the general medical questionnaire and the occupational questionnaire (for ICs only) were analyzed. The mean age of ICs and of the control group was 41 and 44, respectively, while the mean duration of work for exposed physicians was 9 years. The analysis of the data from the occupational questionnaire concerning the procedures performed, the use of various access routes, as well as radiation protection tools (eye lens glasses, ceiling suspended transparent shield, etc.) are also presented. On the basis of this information and additional assumptions about the doses per procedure (as well as reduction factors for various types of radiation measures), the cumulative doses to the eye lens of ICs were evaluated. They ranged up to 1.55 Sv and 0.4 Sv for left and right eye, respectively; however, the dose to only 3% of ICs exceeded the new threshold for development of eye lens opacities (0.5 Gy) proposed by the ICRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Domienik
- Department of Radiological Protection, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine (NIOM), St Teresa 8, Łodz, 91-348, Poland
| | - Szymon Gryglak
- Department of Radiological Protection, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine (NIOM), St Teresa 8, Łodz, 91-348, Poland
| | - Joanna Jurewicz
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine (NIOM), St Teresa 8, Łodz, 91-348, Poland
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Newkirk KM, Chandler HL, Parent AE, Young DC, Colitz CMH, Wilkie DA, Kusewitt DF. Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Corneal Degeneration in 129 Mice. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 35:819-26. [DOI: 10.1080/01926230701584197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a risk factor for the development of ocular disease in humans, including acute photokeratitis, chronic corneal spheroidal degeneration, and cataract formation. This report describes the ocular lesions seen in 21 mice chronically exposed to UVR as part of a skin carcinogenicity study. All globes were affected to varying degrees. The primary lesion, not previously reported in UVR-exposed mice, was marked loss of keratocytes relative to age-matched controls. Secondary lesions included corneal stromal thinning, keratoconus, corneal vascularization and fibrosis, keratitis, globe rupture, and phthisis bulbi. In addition, more than 90% of UVR-exposed and unexposed lenses had evidence of cataract formation; this is the first report of the occurrence of spontaneous cataracts in 129 mice. In a subsequent study, apoptotic cells were identified histologically and by cleaved caspase 3 immunoreactivity in the corneal epithelium and, less commonly, in the corneal stroma after acute UVR exposure. Based on this finding, we propose that the loss of keratocytes observed in the chronic study was due to UVR-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M. Newkirk
- Departments of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Heather L. Chandler
- Departments of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Allison E. Parent
- Departments of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Donn C. Young
- Center for Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Carmen M. H. Colitz
- Departments of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - David A. Wilkie
- Departments of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Donna F. Kusewitt
- Departments of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Yesilirmak N, Chhadva P, Diakonis VF, Waren DP, Yoo SH, Donaldson KE. The Effect of LASIK on Timing of Cataract Surgery. J Refract Surg 2016; 32:306-10. [DOI: 10.3928/1081597x-20160217-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Serebryany E, Takata T, Erickson E, Schafheimer N, Wang Y, King JA. Aggregation of Trp > Glu point mutants of human gamma-D crystallin provides a model for hereditary or UV-induced cataract. Protein Sci 2016; 25:1115-28. [PMID: 26991007 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Numerous mutations and covalent modifications of the highly abundant, long-lived crystallins of the eye lens cause their aggregation leading to progressive opacification of the lens, cataract. The nature and biochemical mechanisms of the aggregation process are poorly understood, as neither amyloid nor native-state polymers are commonly found in opaque lenses. The βγ-crystallin fold contains four highly conserved buried tryptophans, which can be oxidized to more hydrophilic products, such as kynurenine, upon UV-B irradiation. We mimicked this class of oxidative damage using Trp→Glu point mutants of human γD-crystallin. Such substitutions may represent a model of UV-induced photodamage-introduction of a charged group into the hydrophobic core generating "denaturation from within." The effects of Trp→Glu substitutions were highly position dependent. While each was destabilizing, only the two located in the bottom of the double Greek key fold-W42E and W130E-yielded robust aggregation of partially unfolded intermediates at 37°C and pH 7. The αB-crystallin chaperone suppressed aggregation of W130E, but not W42E, indicating distinct aggregation pathways from damage in the N-terminal vs C-terminal domain. The W130E aggregates had loosely fibrillar morphology, yet were nonamyloid, noncovalent, showed little surface hydrophobicity, and formed at least 20°C below the melting temperature of the native β-sheets. These features are most consistent with domain-swapped polymerization. Aggregation of partially destabilized crystallins under physiological conditions, as occurs in this class of point mutants, could provide a simple in vitro model system for drug discovery and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Serebryany
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Takumi Takata
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Erika Erickson
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Nathaniel Schafheimer
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Yongting Wang
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Jonathan A King
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
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Lin CM, Yeh PT, Doyle P, Tsan YT, Chen PC. Association Between 131I Treatment for Thyroid Cancer and Risk of Receiving Cataract Surgery: A Cohort Study from Taiwan. J Nucl Med 2016; 57:836-41. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.167197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Radiation-Induced Cataractogenesis: A Critical Literature Review for the Interventional Radiologist. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2015; 39:151-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00270-015-1207-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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69
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Rao P, Millen AE, Meyers KJ, Liu Z, Voland R, Sondel S, Tinker L, Wallace RB, Blodi BA, Binkley N, Sarto G, Robinson J, LeBlanc E, Mares JA. The Relationship Between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Nuclear Cataract in the Carotenoid Age-Related Eye Study (CAREDS), an Ancillary Study of the Women's Health Initiative. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56:4221-30. [PMID: 26132781 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-16835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels and nuclear cataract among participants of the Carotenoids in Age-Related Eye Disease Study (CAREDS), an ancillary study of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Observational Study (OS). METHODS Nuclear cataract was assessed from slit lamp photographs (2001-2004) taken 6 years after collecting serum analyzed for 25(OH)D levels at WHI baseline (1994-1998) in 1278 CAREDS participants age 50 to 79 years. Multivariate (age, iris color, smoking, pulse pressure) odds ratios (ORs) for nuclear cataract (nuclear opacities > level 4 or cataract extraction) by quintiles of serum 25(OH)D were estimated using logistic regression. RESULTS No significant association was observed between serum 25(OH)D and nuclear cataract among women of all ages (age-adjusted OR [95% confidence interval (CI)] 0.97 [0.65-1.45]). However, there was a significant age interaction (P for interaction = 0.04). There were no significant associations in the women 70 years or older. In women younger than 70 years, we observed an inverse association between serum 25(OH)D and nuclear cataract (multivariate adjusted ORs [95% CI] 0.54 [0.29-0.99] and 0.66 [0.36-1.20] for quintiles 4 and 5 vs. 1, respectively; P = 0.03). Further adjustment for 25(OH)D determinants (body mass index, vitamin D intake, and UVB exposure) attenuated this association. CONCLUSIONS Serum 25(OH)D levels were unrelated to nuclear opacities in this study sample. However, exploratory analyses suggest a protective association in women younger than 70 years. Further investigations of the relationship between vitamin D and nuclear lens opacities are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prethy Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Amy E Millen
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Kristin J Meyers
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Rickie Voland
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Sheri Sondel
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Lesley Tinker
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Robert B Wallace
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Barbara A Blodi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Neil Binkley
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Gloria Sarto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Jennifer Robinson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Erin LeBlanc
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Julie A Mares
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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Xi YB, Chen XJ, Zhao WJ, Yan YB. Congenital Cataract-Causing Mutation G129C in γC-Crystallin Promotes the Accumulation of Two Distinct Unfolding Intermediates That Form Highly Toxic Aggregates. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:2765-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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71
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Sun W, Su L, Sheng Y, Shen Y, Chen G. Is there association between Glutathione S Transferases polymorphisms and cataract risk: a meta-analysis? BMC Ophthalmol 2015. [PMID: 26208492 PMCID: PMC4514966 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-015-0065-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glutathione S transferase (GST) polymorphisms have been considered as risk factors for age-related cataracts, but the results remain controversial. In this study, we have performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 and cataract risk. Methods Published literature from PubMed and other databases were retrieved. The case–control studies regarding the association between GSTM1 or GSTT1 polymorphism and cataract risk were included. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) were calculated using random- or fixed-effects model. Results Fifteen studies on GSTM1 (3,065 patients and 2,105 controls), and nine studies on GSTT1 (2,374 patients and 1,544 controls) were included. By pooling all the studies, GSTM1 null polymorphism was not associated with cataract risk, and this negative association maintained in subgroup analyses. However, GSTT1 null polymorphism was significantly associated with increased risk of posterior subcapsular (OR, 1.42; 95 % CI, 1.04–1.94) but not other subtypes of cataract. Stratified analyses demonstrated an association of GSTT1 null genotype with increased risk of cataract in Asian (OR, 1.44; 95 % CI, 1.14–1.83) but not Caucasian populations. In addition, seven pooled studies showed no association of cataract risk with the combined GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes. Conclusions This meta-analysis suggests that GSTT1 null polymorphism is associated with increased risk of posterior subcapsular cataract. Given the limited sample size, the association between GSTT1 null polymorphism and cataract risk in Asian awaits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Liling Su
- Department of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yan Sheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Ye Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Guangdi Chen
- Department of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
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Xing ZW, Jiang EH, Du JY, Zhao FL, Fu BH, Jiang LP, Wang XG, Zhao XR, Liu Q, Jiang B. Long-term follow-up of the genital organs and eye lenses in three cases of acute radiation sickness from a 60Co radiation accident in China. HEALTH PHYSICS 2015; 108:1-7. [PMID: 25437514 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A follow-up study aimed primarily at investigating late radiation effects on the genital organs and eye lenses was performed between 1999 and 2010 on three individuals who suffered from acute radiation sickness in China. The examination included a medical history, a physical examination, ultrasonography, laboratory analysis, and an ophthalmologic examination. In Case 1, amenorrhea occurred after exposure to a Co source. The uterus and ovaries were significantly narrowed in the second year following exposure. The estradiol level decreased significantly during the first 3 y; progesterone was lowest in the second year; and levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone increased, especially in the first year. The lenses in both eyes appeared opaque 6 mo after the exposure, resulting in a gradual deterioration in visual acuity. In Case 2 (8 y old), the levels of testosterone and estradiol were normal. In Case 3, the levels of testosterone and estradiol were also normal, but the sperm count was 0 from 6 mo to 1 y, and the proportion of abnormal sperm was increased from 3-5 y after the accident. The lenses in Case 3 also began to turn opaque in the ninth year after the accident. In Case 1, the ovarian function was reduced, leading to amenorrhea and early menopause. In Case 3, the sperm count was reduced and the number of abnormal sperm was increased due to testicular damage by radiation. Radiation-induced cataracts occurred in both Case 1 and Case 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wei Xing
- *Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; First Clinical Department of Medical Emergency Response Center for Nuclear Accident, Ministry of Health, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, China; †Department of Anatomy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; ‡Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention of Henan, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
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De Stefano I, Tanno B, Giardullo P, Leonardi S, Pasquali E, Antonelli F, Tanori M, Casciati A, Pazzaglia S, Saran A, Mancuso M. The Patched 1 tumor-suppressor gene protects the mouse lens from spontaneous and radiation-induced cataract. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 185:85-95. [PMID: 25452120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Age-related cataract is the most common cause of visual impairment. Moreover, traumatic cataracts form after injury to the eye, including radiation damage. We report herein that sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling plays a key role in cataract development and in normal lens response to radiation injury. Mice heterozygous for Patched 1 (Ptch1), the Shh receptor and negative regulator of the pathway, develop spontaneous cataract and are highly susceptible to cataract induction by exposure to ionizing radiation in early postnatal age, when lens epithelial cells undergo rapid expansion in the lens epithelium. Neonatally irradiated and control Ptch1(+/-) mice were compared for markers of progenitors, Shh pathway activation, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Molecular analyses showed increased expression of the EMT-related transforming growth factor β/Smad signaling pathway in the neonatally irradiated lens, and up-regulation of mesenchymal markers Zeb1 and Vim. We further show a link between proliferation and the stemness property of lens epithelial cells, controlled by Shh. Our results suggest that Shh and transforming growth factor β signaling cooperate to promote Ptch1-associated cataract development by activating EMT, and that the Nanog marker of pluripotent cells may act as the primary transcription factor on which both signaling pathways converge after damage. These findings highlight a novel function of Shh signaling unrelated to cancer and provide a new animal model to investigate the molecular pathogenesis of cataract formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria De Stefano
- Department of Radiation Physics, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Tanno
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology and Biomedicine, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Giardullo
- Department of Radiation Physics, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Leonardi
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology and Biomedicine, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Pasquali
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology and Biomedicine, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Antonelli
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology and Biomedicine, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Mirella Tanori
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology and Biomedicine, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Casciati
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology and Biomedicine, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Simonetta Pazzaglia
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology and Biomedicine, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Saran
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology and Biomedicine, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Rome, Italy.
| | - Mariateresa Mancuso
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology and Biomedicine, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Rome, Italy.
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Xi YB, Zhao WJ, Zuo XT, Tjondro HC, Li J, Dai AB, Wang S, Yan YB. Cataract-causing mutation R233H affects the stabilities of βB1- and βA3/βB1-crystallins with different pH-dependence. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:2216-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Liu XC, Liu XF, Hu ZD, Li ZH. Polymorphisms of DNA repair genes XPD (Lys751Gln) and XRCC1 (Arg399Gln), and the risk of age-related cataract: a meta-analysis. Curr Eye Res 2014; 40:676-82. [PMID: 25285569 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2014.957325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A meta-analysis of available studies was used to test the association between two DNA repair genes and age-related cataract. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search of the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, EMBASE and PubMed databases identified six studies that were analyzed. Meta-analysis was used to evaluate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the DNA repair gene xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group D (XPD) (Lys751Gln) and the X-ray repair cross-complementing gene 1 (XRCC1) (Arg399Gln). Only articles published before June 6, 2014, were included. The quality of the studies was determined using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale tools. The summary odds ratio (OR) and corresponding confidence interval (CI) for XPD Lys751Gln and XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphisms and risk of age-related cataract were estimated by random and fixed-effects models. Sensitivity analysis was employed to determine the robustness of the conclusions. RESULTS Six studies, with a total of 1518 patients with cataractous lenses and 1437 subjects with clear lenses, were included in the meta-analysis. XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphisms were associated with cataract risk (recessive model: ORfixed = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.67-0.93; dominant model: ORfixed = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.64-1.11; additive model: ORfixed = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.72-0.92). Analysis of Chinese, but not non-Chinese subgroups, confirmed this association. The OR of XPD Lys751Gln polymorphisms for cataract was not significant. The associations remained significant after sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis indicates that XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphisms, but not XPD Lys751Gln polymorphisms, are associated with risk of age-related cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Cui Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital , Beijing , China , and
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Zhao LQ, Li LM, Zhu H, The Epidemiological Evidence-Based Eye Disease Study Research Group EY. The effect of multivitamin/mineral supplements on age-related cataracts: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients 2014; 6:931-49. [PMID: 24590236 PMCID: PMC3967170 DOI: 10.3390/nu6030931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant vitamins supplements have been suggested as a strategy to decrease the risk of age-related cataract development. However, the results from observational studies and interventional trials of associations between antioxidant vitamins A, C, and E and cataract development have been inconsistent. We aim to evaluate the effectiveness of multivitamin/mineral supplements for decreasing the risk of age-related cataracts by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. In September 2013, we searched multiple databases to identify relevant studies including both cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs). A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled relative risks (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Twelve prospective cohort studies and two RCTs were included. Pooled results from the cohort studies indicated that multivitamin/mineral supplements have a significant beneficial effect in decreasing the risk of nuclear cataracts (RR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.64-0.82), cortical cataracts (RR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.68-0.94), and any cataracts (RR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.39-0.93). In addition, there were no decreases in the risk of posterior capsular cataracts (RR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.72-1.20) or cataract surgery (RR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.92-1.08). The two RCTs demonstrated that multivitamin/mineral supplements could decrease the risk of nuclear cataracts. There is sufficient evidence to support the role of dietary multivitamin/mineral supplements for the decreasing the risk of age-related cataracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Quan Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, No. 181 Hospital of the PLA, No.1 Xinqiaoyuan Road, Guilin 541002, China.
| | - Liang-Mao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, No. 181 Hospital of the PLA, No.1 Xinqiaoyuan Road, Guilin 541002, China.
| | - Huang Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Rim THT, Kim MH, Kim WC, Kim TI, Kim EK. Cataract subtype risk factors identified from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination survey 2008-2010. BMC Ophthalmol 2014; 14:4. [PMID: 24410920 PMCID: PMC3928645 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2415-14-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To assess the socio-demographic and health-related risk factors associated with cataract subtypes in Korea. Methods A total of 11,591 participants (aged ≥40 years) were selected from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2008 and 2010. The Korean Ophthalmologic Society conducted detailed ophthalmologic examinations on these participants based on the Lens Opacity Classification System III. Risk factors for developing any type of cataract, and its subtypes (nuclear, cortical, posterior subcapsular and mixed), were identified from univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results The prevalence of cataracts was 40.1% (95% CI, 37.8 − 42.3%) in participants over 40 years old. Older age, lower monthly household income, lower education, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus (DM) were independent risk factors for development of any cataract. Older age, lower monthly household income, lower education, hypercholesterolemia, and DM were independent risk factors for development of pure cortical cataracts. Older age, lower education, metabolic syndrome, and DM were independent risk factors for development of pure nuclear cataracts. Older age and DM were independent risk factors for development of pure posterior subcapsular cataracts. Older age, lower monthly household income, lower education, and DM were independent risk factors for development of mixed cataracts. Conclusion Although socioeconomic disparities are related to cataract development, this study identified several “modifiable” risk factors that may help to lower the incidence of cataracts and associated vision loss. Improved control of blood pressure, blood, glucose, and cholesterol may help to reduce the incidence of cataracts in the general Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Eung Kweon Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea.
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The importance of the last strand at the C-terminus in βB2-crystallin stability and assembly. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:44-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Hammer GP, Scheidemann-Wesp U, Samkange-Zeeb F, Wicke H, Neriishi K, Blettner M. Occupational exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation and cataract development: a systematic literature review and perspectives on future studies. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2013; 52:303-319. [PMID: 23807741 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-013-0477-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is a well-known but little understood risk factor for lens opacities. Until recently, cataract development was considered to be a deterministic effect occurring at lens doses exceeding a threshold of 5-8 Gy. Substantial uncertainty about the level and the existence of a threshold subsists. The International Commission on Radiation Protection recently revised it to 0.5 Gy. Based on a systematic literature review of epidemiological studies on exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation and the occurrence of lens opacities, a list of criteria for new epidemiological studies was compiled, and a list of potential study populations was reviewed. Among 24 publications finally identified, six report analyses of acute exposures in atomic bomb survivors and Chernobyl liquidators, and the others report analyses of protracted exposures in occupationally, medically or accidentally exposed populations. Three studies investigated a dose threshold: in atomic bomb survivors, the best estimates were 1 Sv (95 % CI <0-0.8 Sv) regarding lensectomies; in survivors exposed as children, 0.6 Sv (90 % CI <0.0-1.2 Sv) for cortical cataract prevalence and 0.7 Sv (90 % CI 0.0-2.8 Sv) for posterior subcapsular cataract; and in Chernobyl liquidators, 0.34 Sv (95 % CI 0.19-0.68 Sv) for stage 1 cataract. Current studies are heterogeneous and inconclusive regarding the dose-response relationship. Protracted exposures and high lens doses occur in several occupational groups, for instance, in physicians performing fluoroscopy-guided interventional procedures, and in accidentally exposed populations. New studies with a good retrospective exposure assessment are feasible and should be initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël P Hammer
- Institute for Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics-IMBEI, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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Zhang L, Xu JW, Qu X, Liu DR, Liu P, Zhao XZ. Association of a rare haplotype in Kinesin light chain 1 gene with age-related cataract in a han chinese population. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64052. [PMID: 23776437 PMCID: PMC3679130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The causal genes for congenital cataract are good candidates for the genetic susceptibility for age-related cataract (ARC). The aim of this study was to investigate association between the polymorphisms in the causal genes for congenital cataract and ARC in a Chinese population. Meanwhile, we performed the replication study for previous identified risk genes for ARC. Methods We recruited 212 sporadic Han Chinese patients with age-related cataracts (ARC) and 172 normal controls in this study. We analyzed 31 SNPs from 13 genes which mostly possible contributes the progress of ARC in a Chinese population, comprising 212 cataract patients and 172 controls. Polymorphism-spanning fragments were amplified by using the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genotyped using primer extension method in MassARRAY platform. Allelic and haplotypic difference in the frequencies were estimated using the SHEsis software platform. P-value was adjusted by the Bonferroni correction. Results There was no difference in the frequencies of the genotype and allele of the all SNPs between the patients with ARC and the controls. In the haplotypic analysis, the haplotypes consisting of rs7154572, rs7150141 and rs12432994 in Kinesin Light Chain 1 Gene (KLC1) showed significant association with ARC (p = 0.000878). A rare haplotype CGT was more frequent in patients (p = 0.000106, and p = 0.00795 after corrected for 75 tests). Conclusions Our study provides evidence that the combined effect of three variants within the KLC1 gene may predispose to ARC, but the precise mechanism needs further investigating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- * E-mail: (LZ); (XZZ)
| | - Jia-Wei Xu
- Children's Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Qu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dong-Rui Liu
- Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin-Zhi Zhao
- Children's Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (LZ); (XZZ)
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Mahler B, Chen Y, Ford J, Thiel C, Wistow G, Wu Z. Structure and dynamics of the fish eye lens protein, γM7-crystallin. Biochemistry 2013; 52:3579-87. [PMID: 23597261 DOI: 10.1021/bi400151c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The vertebrate eye lens contains high concentrations of crystallins. The dense lenses of fish are particularly abundant in a class called γM-crystallin whose members are characterized by an unusually high methionine content and partial loss of the four tryptophan residues conserved in all γ-crystallins from mammals which are proposed to contribute to protection from UV-damage. Here, we present the structure and dynamics of γM7-crystallin from zebrafish (Danio rerio). The solution structure shares the typical two-domain, four-Greek-key motif arrangement of other γ-crystallins, with the major difference noted in the final loop of the N-terminal domain, spanning residues 65-72. This is likely due to the absence of the conserved tryptophans. Many of the methionine residues are exposed on the surface but are mostly well-ordered and frequently have contacts with aromatic side chains. This may contribute to the specialized surface properties of these proteins that exist under high molecular crowding in the fish lens. NMR relaxation data show increased backbone conformational motions in the loop regions of γM7 compared to those of mouse γS-crystallin and show that fast internal motion of the interdomain linker in γ-crystallins correlates with linker length. Unfolding studies monitored by tryptophan fluorescence confirm results from mutant mouse γS-crystallin and show that unfolding of a βγ-crystallin domain likely starts from unfolding of the variable loop containing the more fluorescently quenched tryptophan residue, resulting in a native-like unfolding intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryon Mahler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Yingwei Chen
- Section on Molecular Structure and Function, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Jason Ford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Caleb Thiel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Graeme Wistow
- Section on Molecular Structure and Function, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Zhengrong Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Wang GQ, Bai ZX, Shi J, Luo S, Chang HF, Sai XY. Prevalence and risk factors for eye diseases, blindness, and low vision in Lhasa, Tibet. Int J Ophthalmol 2013; 6:237-41. [PMID: 23638429 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2013.02.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 09/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the prevalence and risk factors for eye diseases, blindness, and low vision in Tibet, and to assist the development of eye disease prevention and treatment schemes. METHODS We carried out a survey of eye diseases among a population living at high altitude. A total of 1 115 Tibetan permanent residents aged 40 years or older from the towns and villages of Qushui County, Lhasa Prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region, participated in this study. All participants completed a detailed questionnaire, and underwent presenting and pinhole visual acuity tests, and a comprehensive ophthalmic examination. RESULTS There were 187 blind eyes (8.43%), 231 eyes with low vision (10.41%). The leading cause of visual impairment was cataract of 55.0% (101/187) blindness and of 50.2% (116/231) low vision, followed by fundus lesions of 22.9% blindness and 23.8% low vision, while only a low prevalence of glaucoma of 9.6% blindness and 1.7% low vision was observed. The analysis of 2 219 eyes showed that the most common external eye disease was pterygium (27.2%) in Tibet. CONCLUSION The high prevalence of blindness and low vision in the Tibetan population at high altitude is a serious public health issue. There is a need to establish and maintain an appropriate effective eye care program in Tibet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Qin Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Naval General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
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83
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Wang S, Zhao WJ, Liu H, Gong H, Yan YB. Increasing βB1-crystallin sensitivity to proteolysis caused by the congenital cataract-microcornea syndrome mutation S129R. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1832:302-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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McDowell RE, McGeown JG, Stitt AW, Curtis TM. Therapeutic potential of targeting lipid aldehydes and lipoxidation end-products in the treatment of ocular disease. Future Med Chem 2013; 5:189-211. [PMID: 23360143 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.12.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoxidation reactions and the subsequent accumulation of advanced lipoxidation end products (ALEs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many of the leading causes of visual impairment. Here, we begin by outlining some of the major lipid aldehydes produced through lipoxidation reactions, the ALEs formed upon their reaction with proteins, and the endogenous aldehyde metabolizing enzymes involved in protecting cells against lipoxidation mediated damage. Discussions are subsequently focused on the clinical and experimental evidence supporting the contribution of lipid aldehydes and ALEs in the development of ocular diseases. From these discussions, it is clear that inhibition of lipoxidation reactions and ALE formation could represent a new therapeutic avenue for the treatment of a broad range of ocular disorders. Current and emerging pharmacological strategies to prevent or neutralize the effects of lipid aldehydes and ALEs are therefore considered, with particular emphasis on the potential of these drugs for treatment of diseases of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary E McDowell
- Centre for Vision & Vascular Science, Queen's University of Belfast, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Royal Victoria Hospital, Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BA, Northern Ireland, UK
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Ji F, Jung J, Koharudin LMI, Gronenborn AM. The human W42R γD-crystallin mutant structure provides a link between congenital and age-related cataracts. J Biol Chem 2012; 288:99-109. [PMID: 23124202 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.416354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Some mutants of human γD-crystallin are closely linked to congenital cataracts, although the detailed molecular mechanisms of mutant-associated cataract formation are generally not known. Here we report on a recently discovered γD-crystallin mutant (W42R) that has been linked to autosomal dominant, congenital cataracts in a Chinese family. The mutant protein is much less soluble and stable than wild-type γD-crystallin. We solved the crystal structure of W42R at 1.7 Å resolution, which revealed only minor differences from the wild-type structure. Interestingly, the W42R variant is highly susceptible to protease digestion, suggesting the presence of a small population of partially unfolded protein. This partially unfolded species was confirmed and quantified by NMR spectroscopy. Hydrogen/deuterium exchange experiments revealed chemical exchange between the folded and unfolded species. Exposure of wild-type γD-crystallin to UV caused damage to the N-terminal domain of the protein, resulting in very similar proteolytic susceptibility as observed for the W42R mutant. Altogether, our combined data allowed us to propose a model for W42R pathogenesis, with the W42R mutant serving as a mimic for photodamaged γD-crystallin involved in age-related cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangling Ji
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Lingong Road, Dalian 116024, China
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Blakely EA. Lauriston S. Taylor Lecture on radiation protection and measurements: what makes particle radiation so effective? HEALTH PHYSICS 2012; 103:508-28. [PMID: 23032880 PMCID: PMC3507469 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0b013e31826a5b85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The scientific basis for the physical and biological effectiveness of particle radiations has emerged from many decades of meticulous basic research. A diverse array of biologically relevant consequences at the molecular, cellular, tissue, and organism level have been reported, but what are the key processes and mechanisms that make particle radiation so effective, and what competing processes define dose dependences? Recent studies have shown that individual genotypes control radiation-regulated genes and pathways in response to radiations of varying ionization density. The fact that densely ionizing radiations can affect different gene families than sparsely ionizing radiations, and that the effects are dose- and time-dependent, has opened up new areas of future research. The complex microenvironment of the stroma and the significant contributions of the immune response have added to our understanding of tissue-specific differences across the linear energy transfer (LET) spectrum. The importance of targeted versus nontargeted effects remains a thorny but elusive and important contributor to chronic low dose radiation effects of variable LET that still needs further research. The induction of cancer is also LET-dependent, suggesting different mechanisms of action across the gradient of ionization density. The focus of this 35th Lauriston S. Taylor Lecture is to chronicle the step-by-step acquisition of experimental clues that have refined our understanding of what makes particle radiation so effective, with emphasis on the example of radiation effects on the crystalline lens of the human eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor A Blakely
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, MS 977, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Ciraj-Bjelac O, Rehani M, Minamoto A, Sim KH, Liew HB, Vano E. Radiation-induced eye lens changes and risk for cataract in interventional cardiology. Cardiology 2012; 123:168-71. [PMID: 23128776 DOI: 10.1159/000342458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have reported a significant increase in eye lens opacities among staff in the cardiac catheterization laboratory but indicated further studies are needed to confirm the findings. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence of opacities in eyes of cardiologists, radiographers and nurses working in interventional cardiology. METHODS The eyes of 52 staff in interventional cardiology facilities and 34 age- and sex-matched unexposed controls were screened in a cardiology conference held in Kuala Lumpur by dilated slit-lamp examination, and posterior lens changes were graded. Individual cumulative lens X-ray exposures were calculated from responses to a questionnaire in terms of workload and working practice. RESULTS The prevalence of posterior lens opacities among interventional cardiologists was 53%, while in nurses and radiographers it was 45%. Corresponding relative risks were 2.6 (95% CI: 1.2-5.4) and 2.2 (95% CI: 0.98-4.9), for interventional cardiologists and support staff, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms a statistically significant increase in radiation-associated posterior lens changes in the eyes of interventional cardiology staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Ciraj-Bjelac
- Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Jacob S, Boveda S, Bar O, Brézin A, Maccia C, Laurier D, Bernier MO. Interventional cardiologists and risk of radiation-induced cataract: results of a French multicenter observational study. Int J Cardiol 2012; 167:1843-7. [PMID: 22608271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.04.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interventional cardiologists (ICs) are exposed to X-rays and may be at risk to develop cataract earlier than common senile cataract. Excess risk of posterior subcapsular cataract, known as radiation-induced, was previously observed in samples of ICs from Malaysia, and Latin America. The O'CLOC study (Occupational Cataracts and Lens Opacities in interventional Cardiology) was performed to quantify the risk at the scale of France. METHODS This cross-sectional multicenter study included an exposed group of ICs from different French centers and an unexposed control group of non-medical workers. Individual information was collected about cataract risk factors and past and present workload in catheterization laboratory. All participants had a clinical eye examination to classify the lens opacities (nuclear, cortical, or posterior subcapsular) with the international standard classification LOCS III. RESULTS The study included 106 ICs (mean age = 51 ± 7 years) and 99 unexposed control subjects (mean age = 50 ± 7 years). The groups did not differ significantly in the prevalence of either nuclear or cortical lens opacities (61% vs. 69% and 23% vs. 29%, respectively). However, posterior subcapsular lens opacities, were significantly more frequent among ICs (17% vs. 5%, p=0.006), for an OR=3.9 [1.3-11.4]. The risk increased with duration of activity but no clear relationship with workload was observed. However, the risk appeared lower for regular users of protective lead glasses (OR=2.2 [0.4-12.8]). CONCLUSIONS ICs, in France as elsewhere, are at high risk of posterior subcapsular cataracts. Use of protective equipment against X-rays, in particular lead glasses, is strongly recommended to limit this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Jacob
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire, PRP-HOM, SRBE, Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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Hao X, Jeffery JL, Le TPT, McFarland G, Johnson G, Mulder RJ, Garrett Q, Manns F, Nankivil D, Arrieta E, Ho A, Parel JM, Hughes TC. High refractive index polysiloxane as injectable, in situ curable accommodating intraocular lens. Biomaterials 2012; 33:5659-71. [PMID: 22594975 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Functionalised siloxane macromonomers, with properties designed for application as an injectable, in situ curable accommodating intraocular lens (A-IOL), were prepared via re-equilibration of a phenyl group-containing polysiloxane of very high molecular weight with octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D₄) and 2,4,6,8-tetra(n-propyl-3-methacrylate)-2,4,6,8-tetramethyl-cyclotetrasiloxane (D₄(AM)) in toluene using trifluoromethanesulfonic acid as a catalyst. Hexaethyldisiloxane was used as an end group to control the molecular weight of the polymer. The generated polymers had a consistency suitable for injection into the empty lens capsule. The polymers contained a low ratio of polymerisable groups so that, in the presence of a photo-initiator, they could be cured on demand in situ within 5 min under irradiation of blue light to form an intraocular lens within the lens capsule. All resulting polysiloxane soft gels had a low elastic modulus and thus should be able to restore accommodation. The pre-cure viscosity and post-cure modulus of the generated polysiloxanes were controlled by the end group and D₄(AM) concentrations respectively in the re-equilibration reactions. The refractive index could be precisely controlled by adjusting the aromatic ratio in the polymer to suit such application as an artificial lens. Lens stretching experiments with both human and non-human primate cadaver lenses of different ages refilled with polysiloxane polymers provided a significant increase in amplitude of accommodation (up to 4 D more than that of the respective natural lens). Both in vitro cytotoxicity study using L929 cell lines and in vivo biocompatibility study in rabbit models demonstrated the non-cytotoxicity and ocular biocompatibility of the polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Hao
- Materials Science and Engineering, CSIRO, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
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Stewart FA, Akleyev AV, Hauer-Jensen M, Hendry JH, Kleiman NJ, Macvittie TJ, Aleman BM, Edgar AB, Mabuchi K, Muirhead CR, Shore RE, Wallace WH. ICRP publication 118: ICRP statement on tissue reactions and early and late effects of radiation in normal tissues and organs--threshold doses for tissue reactions in a radiation protection context. Ann ICRP 2012; 41:1-322. [PMID: 22925378 DOI: 10.1016/j.icrp.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 805] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This report provides a review of early and late effects of radiation in normal tissues and organs with respect to radiation protection. It was instigated following a recommendation in Publication 103 (ICRP, 2007), and it provides updated estimates of 'practical' threshold doses for tissue injury defined at the level of 1% incidence. Estimates are given for morbidity and mortality endpoints in all organ systems following acute, fractionated, or chronic exposure. The organ systems comprise the haematopoietic, immune, reproductive, circulatory, respiratory, musculoskeletal, endocrine, and nervous systems; the digestive and urinary tracts; the skin; and the eye. Particular attention is paid to circulatory disease and cataracts because of recent evidence of higher incidences of injury than expected after lower doses; hence, threshold doses appear to be lower than previously considered. This is largely because of the increasing incidences with increasing times after exposure. In the context of protection, it is the threshold doses for very long follow-up times that are the most relevant for workers and the public; for example, the atomic bomb survivors with 40-50years of follow-up. Radiotherapy data generally apply for shorter follow-up times because of competing causes of death in cancer patients, and hence the risks of radiation-induced circulatory disease at those earlier times are lower. A variety of biological response modifiers have been used to help reduce late reactions in many tissues. These include antioxidants, radical scavengers, inhibitors of apoptosis, anti-inflammatory drugs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, growth factors, and cytokines. In many cases, these give dose modification factors of 1.1-1.2, and in a few cases 1.5-2, indicating the potential for increasing threshold doses in known exposure cases. In contrast, there are agents that enhance radiation responses, notably other cytotoxic agents such as antimetabolites, alkylating agents, anti-angiogenic drugs, and antibiotics, as well as genetic and comorbidity factors. Most tissues show a sparing effect of dose fractionation, so that total doses for a given endpoint are higher if the dose is fractionated rather than when given as a single dose. However, for reactions manifesting very late after low total doses, particularly for cataracts and circulatory disease, it appears that the rate of dose delivery does not modify the low incidence. This implies that the injury in these cases and at these low dose levels is caused by single-hit irreparable-type events. For these two tissues, a threshold dose of 0.5Gy is proposed herein for practical purposes, irrespective of the rate of dose delivery, and future studies may elucidate this judgement further.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review presents a discussion of cataract prevention, with a focus on the societal burden of untreated cataracts and pathophysiologic mechanisms of prevention. RECENT FINDINGS Multiple studies have implicated cataract surgery and vision loss due to cataract as a major cause of disability and lost productivity. Long-term use of antioxidants such as vitamin C, lutein, and zeaxanthin have been associated with lower incidence and progression of cataracts, but prospective studies of vitamin supplementation have shown little effect. There are currently over 400 cataract-related clinical trials; one trial of a topical medication for the treatment of cataract is currently in progress. SUMMARY Vision loss due to cataract, disability associated with cataract blindness, and the surgical treatment of this disease present a significant public health burden. Useful strategies for prevention may include public health campaigns targeted at young adults, with a focus on making healthy choices to prevent this disease.
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Mohammadi A, Khorasani N, Moloudi F, Ghasemi-Rad M. Evaluation of retrobulbar blood flow in patients with age-related cataract; color Doppler ultrasonographic findings. Clin Ophthalmol 2011; 5:1521-4. [PMID: 22069356 PMCID: PMC3206125 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s25759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Cataracts are the most common cause of blindness worldwide, with cataract surgery being the most common ophthalmic procedure. To our best knowledge, this is the first case-control study with a large number of participants to evaluate ocular blood flow in patients with cataracts. Materials and methods Color Doppler and duplex sonography of the orbital vessels was performed in 224 eyes of 112 patients with known bilateral age-related cataracts and in 76 eyes of 38 healthy age- and sex-matched volunteers. Results The mean ± (standard deviation [SD]) of peak systolic velocity (PSV) of the ophthalmic artery in patients with cataracts (34.59 ± 22.49 cm/second) was significantly different to that in controls (52.11 ± 14.01 cm/second) (P < 0.001). The mean ± SD PSV of the central retinal artery in patients with cataracts (15.31 ± 4.93 cm/second) was significantly different to that in controls (9.61 ± 5.64 cm/second) (P < 0.001). Conclusion The mean PSV and resistive index (RI) of the ophthalmic and central retinal arteries were lower in cataract patients when compared with normal subjects. This suggests that ocular hypoperfusion and changes in ocular hemodynamic may have a role in the formation of age-related cataracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Mohammadi
- Department of Radiology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Rasmussen LD, Kessel L, Molander LD, Pedersen C, Gerstoft J, Kronborg G, Obel N. Risk of cataract surgery in HIV-infected individuals: a Danish Nationwide Population-based cohort study. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 53:1156-63. [PMID: 21998282 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cir675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premature aging has been suggested a risk factor for early death in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Therefore, the risk of age-related diseases, such as cataracts, should be increased in this population. In a nationwide, population-based cohort study we assessed the risk of cataract surgery in HIV-infected individuals compared with the general population. METHODS We identified 5315 HIV-infected individuals from a Danish national cohort of HIV-infected individuals and a population-based age- and sex-matched comparison cohort of 53,150 individuals. Data on cataract surgery were obtained from the Danish National Hospital registry. Cumulative incidence curves were constructed. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and impact of immunodeficiency, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and treatment with abacavir, tenofovir, protease inhibitors, and nonnucleoside analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) were estimated by Poisson regression analyses and adjusted for age, sex, and calendar year. RESULTS HIV-infected individuals had a higher risk of cataract surgery than the comparison cohort (adjusted IRR, 1.87; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.50-2.33). The highest risk was found in patients with a CD4 cell count ≤ 200 cells/μL (adjusted IRR before HAART initiation, 3.11 [95% CI, 1.26-7.63]; adjusted IRR after HAART initiation, 4.74 [95% CI, 2.60-8.62]). In patients not receiving HAART and those receiving HAART with a CD4 cell count >200 cells/mL the adjusted IRRs were 0.60 (95% CI: 0.22-1.61) and 1.87 (95% CI: 1.46-2.39). Treatment with abacavir, tenofovir, protease inhibitors, or NNRTIs did not increase the risk substantially. CONCLUSIONS HIV-infected individuals have an increased risk of cataract surgery. The risk is mainly associated with immunodeficiency and HAART, but accelerated aging cannot be excluded as part of the possible explanation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line D Rasmussen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Denmark.
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Mollazadegan K, Kugelberg M, Lindblad BE, Ludvigsson JF. Increased risk of cataract among 28,000 patients with celiac disease. Am J Epidemiol 2011; 174:195-202. [PMID: 21624959 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwr069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin deficiencies are prevalent in celiac disease (CD) and are associated with cataract formation, but it is unknown whether persons with CD are at increased risk of cataract. The authors' objective in this population-based cohort study was to determine the risk of cataract among persons with biopsy-verified CD. Data on CD were collected from reports on small intestinal biopsies performed between July 1969 and February 2008 in the 28 regional pathology departments in Sweden. The authors identified 28,756 persons with CD (villous atrophy, Marsh pathology stage 3). For each person with CD, Statistics Sweden selected up to 5 controls matched for age and sex from the Total Population Register. Data on cataract were obtained from the Swedish National Hospital Discharge Register and the National Day-Surgery Register. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate the risk of cataract. During a median follow-up period of 9 years, the authors identified 1,159 cataracts among persons with CD (909 were expected) (hazard ratio = 1.28, 95% confidence interval: 1.19, 1.36). The absolute risk of cataract was 397/100,000 person-years in CD, with an excess risk of 86/100,000 person-years. In conclusion, this study found an increased risk of developing cataract in patients with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaziwe Mollazadegan
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden.
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95
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Behar-Cohen F, Martinsons C, Viénot F, Zissis G, Barlier-Salsi A, Cesarini JP, Enouf O, Garcia M, Picaud S, Attia D. Light-emitting diodes (LED) for domestic lighting: any risks for the eye? Prog Retin Eye Res 2011; 30:239-57. [PMID: 21600300 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Revised: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are taking an increasing place in the market of domestic lighting because they produce light with low energy consumption. In the EU, by 2016, no traditional incandescent light sources will be available and LEDs may become the major domestic light sources. Due to specific spectral and energetic characteristics of white LEDs as compared to other domestic light sources, some concerns have been raised regarding their safety for human health and particularly potential harmful risks for the eye. To conduct a health risk assessment on systems using LEDs, the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), a public body reporting to the French Ministers for ecology, for health and for employment, has organized a task group. This group consisted physicists, lighting and metrology specialists, retinal biologist and ophthalmologist who have worked together for a year. Part of this work has comprised the evaluation of group risks of different white LEDs commercialized on the French market, according to the standards and found that some of these lights belonged to the group risk 1 or 2. This paper gives a comprehensive analysis of the potential risks of white LEDs, taking into account pre-clinical knowledge as well as epidemiologic studies and reports the French Agency's recommendations to avoid potential retinal hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Behar-Cohen
- Inserm UMRS 872, Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases: Therapeutic Innovations, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.
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96
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Gakamsky DM, Dhillon B, Babraj J, Shelton M, Smith SD. Exploring the possibility of early cataract diagnostics based on tryptophan fluorescence. J R Soc Interface 2011; 8:1616-21. [PMID: 21508010 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2010.0608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel route for early cataract diagnostics is investigated based on the excitation of tryptophan fluorescence (TF) at the red edge of its absorption band at 317 nm. This allows penetration through the cornea and aqueous humour to provide excitation of the ocular lens. The steepness of the red edge gives the potential of depth control of the lens excitation. Such wavelength selection targets the population of tryptophan residues, side chains of which are exposed to the polar aqueous environment. The TF emissions around 350 nm of a series of UV-irradiated as well as control lenses were observed. TF spectra of the UV cases were red-shifted and the intensity decreased with the radiation dose. In contrast, intensity of non-tryptophan emission with maximum at 435 nm exhibited an increase suggesting photochemical conversion of the tryptophan population to 435 nm emitting molecules. We demonstrate that the ratio of intensities at 435 nm to that around 350 nm can be used as a measure of early structural changes caused by UV irradiation in the lens by comparison with images from a conventional slit-lamp, which can only detect defects of optical wavelength size. Such diagnostics at a molecular level could aid research on cataract risk investigation and possible pharmacological research as well as assisting surgical lens replacement decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry M Gakamsky
- Royal Society Industry Fellow at Edinburgh Instruments, Livingston, EH54 7DQ, UK
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97
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Ciraj-Bjelac O, Rehani MM, Sim KH, Liew HB, Vano E, Kleiman NJ. Risk for radiation-induced cataract for staff in interventional cardiology: is there reason for concern? Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2011; 76:826-34. [PMID: 20549683 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.22670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the prevalence of radiation-associated lens opacities among interventional cardiologists and nurses and correlate with occupational radiation exposure. BACKGROUND Interventional cardiology personnel are exposed to relatively high levels of X-rays and based on recent findings of radiation-associated lens opacities in other cohorts, they may be at risk for cataract without use of ocular radiation protection. METHODS Eyes of interventional cardiologists, nurses, and age- and sex-matched unexposed controls were screened by dilated slit lamp examination and posterior lens changes graded using a modified Merriam-Focht technique. Individual cumulative lens X-ray exposure was calculated from responses to a questionnaire and personal interview. RESULTS The prevalence of radiation-associated posterior lens opacities was 52% (29/56, 95% CI: 35-73) for interventional cardiologists, 45% (5/11, 95% CI: 15-100) for nurses, and 9% (2/22, 95% CI: 1-33) for controls. Relative risks of lens opacity was 5.7 (95% CI: 1.5-22) for interventional cardiologists and 5.0 (95% CI: 1.2-21) for nurses. Estimated cumulative ocular doses ranged from 0.01 to 43 Gy with mean and median values of 3.4 and 1.0 Gy, respectively. A strong dose-response relationship was found between occupational exposure and the prevalence of radiation-associated posterior lens changes. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate a dose dependent increased risk of posterior lens opacities for interventional cardiologists and nurses when radiation protection tools are not used. While study of a larger cohort is needed to confirm these findings, the results suggest ocular radio-protection should be utilized.
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98
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Abstract
As the baby boom generation ages, it is anticipated that half a million cases per year will be added to the 19 to 21 million Americans not living in institutions or serving in the military who have low vision or blindness. The 4 major causes of vision loss and blindness in the United States are cataract, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration. All 4 diseases involve change in the microcirculation in eye structures. Holistic approaches to health incorporate attention to individuals' lifestyle choices. Relevant research literature was reviewed to identify strategies for lifestyle modification that nurses can use to prevent or slow progression of these diseases. Prevention strategies in general are those that promote avoidance of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Because vision loss has been shown to be associated with diminished quality of life and increased mortality, lifestyle changes that prevent or moderate the impact of these diseases are an important focus of nursing care.
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99
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Haeck IM, Rouwen TJ, Timmer-de Mik L, de Bruin-Weller MS, Bruijnzeel-Koomen CA. Topical corticosteroids in atopic dermatitis and the risk of glaucoma and cataracts. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011; 64:275-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2010.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Revised: 12/30/2009] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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100
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Vano E, Kleiman NJ, Duran A, Rehani MM, Echeverri D, Cabrera M. Radiation Cataract Risk in Interventional Cardiology Personnel. Radiat Res 2010; 174:490-5. [DOI: 10.1667/rr2207.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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