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Vanegas Sáenz JR, Tenkumo T, Kamano Y, Egusa H, Sasaki K. Amiloride-enhanced gene transfection of octa-arginine functionalized calcium phosphate nanoparticles. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188347. [PMID: 29145481 PMCID: PMC5690608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles represent promising gene delivery systems in biomedicine to facilitate prolonged gene expression with low toxicity compared to viral vectors. Specifically, nanoparticles of calcium phosphate (nCaP), the main inorganic component of human bone, exhibit high biocompatibility and good biodegradability and have been reported to have high affinity for protein or DNA, having thus been used as gene transfer vectors. On the other hand, Octa-arginine (R8), which has a high permeability to cell membrane, has been reported to improve intracellular delivery systems. Here, we present an optimized method for nCaP-mediated gene delivery using an octa-arginine (R8)-functionalized nCaP vector containing a marker or functional gene construct. nCaP particle size was between 220–580 nm in diameter and all R8-functionalized nCaPs carried a positive charge. R8 concentration significantly improved nCaP transfection efficiency with high cell compatibility in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) and human osteoblasts (hOB) in particular, suggesting nCaPs as a good option for non-viral vector gene delivery. Furthermore, pre-treatment with different endocytosis inhibitors identified that the endocytic pathway differed among cell lines and functionalized nanoparticles, with amiloride increasing transfection efficiency of R8-functionalized nCaPs in hMSC and hOB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ramón Vanegas Sáenz
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Taichi Tenkumo
- Laboratory for Redox Regulation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuya Kamano
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Keiichi Sasaki
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Carvalho M, Sepodes B, Martins AP. Regulatory and Scientific Advancements in Gene Therapy: State-of-the-Art of Clinical Applications and of the Supporting European Regulatory Framework. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:182. [PMID: 29124055 PMCID: PMC5662580 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) have a massive potential to address existing unmet medical needs. Specifically, gene therapy medicinal products (GTMPs) may potentially provide cure for several genetic diseases. In Europe, the ATMP regulation was fully implemented in 2009 and, at this point, the Committee for Advanced Therapies was created as a dedicated group of specialists to evaluate medicinal products requiring specific expertise in this area. To date, there are three authorized GTMPs, and the first one was approved in 2012. Broad research has been conducted in this field over the last few decades and different clinical applications are being investigated worldwide, using different strategies that range from direct gene replacement or addition to more complex pathways such as specific gene editing or RNA targeting. Important safety risks, limited efficacy, manufacturing hurdles, or ethical conflicts may represent challenges in the success of a candidate GTMP. During the development process, it is fundamental to take such aspects into account and establish overcoming strategies. This article reviews the current European legal framework of ATMPs, provides an overview of the clinical applications for approved and investigational GTMPs, and discusses critical challenges in the development of GTMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Carvalho
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sepodes
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Martins
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Sun Y, Yang Z, Wang C, Yang T, Cai C, Zhao X, Yang L, Ding P. Exploring the role of peptides in polymer-based gene delivery. Acta Biomater 2017; 60:23-37. [PMID: 28778533 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Polymers are widely studied as non-viral gene vectors because of their strong DNA binding ability, capacity to carry large payload, flexibility of chemical modifications, low immunogenicity, and facile processes for manufacturing. However, high cytotoxicity and low transfection efficiency substantially restrict their application in clinical trials. Incorporating functional peptides is a promising approach to address these issues. Peptides demonstrate various functions in polymer-based gene delivery systems, such as targeting to specific cells, breaching membrane barriers, facilitating DNA condensation and release, and lowering cytotoxicity. In this review, we systematically summarize the role of peptides in polymer-based gene delivery, and elaborate how to rationally design polymer-peptide based gene delivery vectors. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Polymers are widely studied as non-viral gene vectors, but suffer from high cytotoxicity and low transfection efficiency. Incorporating short, bioactive peptides into polymer-based gene delivery systems can address this issue. Peptides demonstrate various functions in polymer-based gene delivery systems, such as targeting to specific cells, breaching membrane barriers, facilitating DNA condensation and release, and lowering cytotoxicity. In this review, we highlight the peptides' roles in polymer-based gene delivery, and elaborate how to utilize various functional peptides to enhance the transfection efficiency of polymers. The optimized peptide-polymer vectors should be able to alter their structures and functions according to biological microenvironments and utilize inherent intracellular pathways of cells, and consequently overcome the barriers during gene delivery to enhance transfection efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chunxi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tianzhi Yang
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, ME, USA
| | - Cuifang Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Pingtian Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Sharma A, Vaghasiya K, Ray E, Verma RK. Lysosomal targeting strategies for design and delivery of bioactive for therapeutic interventions. J Drug Target 2017; 26:208-221. [DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2017.1374390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Sharma
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Phase 10, Mohali, India
| | - Kalpesh Vaghasiya
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Phase 10, Mohali, India
| | - Eupa Ray
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Phase 10, Mohali, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Verma
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Phase 10, Mohali, India
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Kubota K, Onishi K, Sawaki K, Li T, Mitsuoka K, Sato T, Takeoka S. Effect of the nanoformulation of siRNA-lipid assemblies on their cellular uptake and immune stimulation. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:5121-5133. [PMID: 28790820 PMCID: PMC5529365 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s136426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Two lipid-based nanoformulations have been used to date in clinical studies: lipoplexes and lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). In this study, we prepared small interfering RNA (siRNA)-loaded carriers using lipid components of the same composition to form molecular assemblies of differing structures, and evaluated the impact of structure on cellular uptake and immune stimulation. Lipoplexes are electrostatic complexes formed by mixing preformed cationic lipid liposomes with anionic siRNA in an aqueous environment, whereas LNPs are nanoparticles embedding siRNA prepared by mixing an alcoholic lipid solution with an aqueous siRNA solution in one step. Although the physicochemical properties of lipoplexes and LNPs were similar except for small increases in apparent size of lipoplexes and zeta potential of LNPs, siRNA uptake efficiency of LNPs was significantly higher than that of lipoplexes. Furthermore, in the case of LNPs, both siRNA and lipid were effectively incorporated into cells in a co-assembled state; however, in the case of lipoplexes, the amount of siRNA internalized into cells was small in comparison with lipid. siRNAs in lipoplexes were thought to be more likely to localize on the particle surface and thereby undergo dissociation into the medium. Inflammatory cytokine responses also appeared to differ between lipoplexes and LNPs. For tumor necrosis factor-α, release was mainly caused by siRNA. On the other hand, the release of interleukin-1β was mainly due to the cationic nature of particles. LNPs released lower amounts of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β than lipoplexes and were thus considered to be better tolerated with respect to cytokine release. In conclusion, siRNA-loaded nanoformulations effect their cellular uptake and immune stimulation in a manner that depends on the structure of the molecular assembly; therefore, nanoformulations should be optimized before extending studies into the in vivo environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Kubota
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences and Engineering, Waseda University (TWIns), Tokyo, Japan.,Formulation Research and Phramaceutical Process Group, CMC R&D Center, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kohei Onishi
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering,Waseda University (TWIns), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Sawaki
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering,Waseda University (TWIns), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tianshu Li
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University (TWIns), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Mitsuoka
- Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takaaki Sato
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Shinji Takeoka
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences and Engineering, Waseda University (TWIns), Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering,Waseda University (TWIns), Tokyo, Japan.,Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University (TWIns), Tokyo, Japan
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56
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Li B, Guo W, Zhang F, Liu M, Wang S, Liu Z, Xiang S, Zeng Y. Synthesis and evaluation of L-arabinose-based cationic glycolipids as effective vectors for pDNA and siRNA in vitro. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180276. [PMID: 28672000 PMCID: PMC5495346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycolipids might become a new type of promising non-viral gene delivery systems because of their low cytotoxicity, structural diversity, controllable aqua- and lipo-solubility, appropriate density and distribution of positive charges, high transfer efficiency and potential targeting function. In this study, four kinds of L-arabinose-based cationic glycolipids (Ara-DiC12MA, Ara-DiC14MA, Ara-DiC16MA and Ara-DiC18MA) containing quaternary ammonium as hydrophilic headgroup and two alkane chains as hydrophobic domain were synthesized and characterized. They were observed to have strong affinities for plasmid DNA (pDNA) and siRNA, the pDNA can be completely condensed at N/P ratio less than 2, and the siRNA can be completely retarded at N/P ratio less than 3. The dynamic light scattering (DLS) experiment and atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiment demonstrated that cationic lipids and their lipoplexes possessed suitable particle sizes with near-spherical shape and proper ζ-potentials for cell transfection. The Ara-DiC16MA liposome was found to have good transfection efficacy in HEK293, PC-3 and Mat cells compared with other three kinds of liposomes, and also maintain low cytotoxicity and better uptake capability in vitro. Furthermore, the gene silencing assay showed that Ara-DiC14MA and Ara-DiC16MA liposomes have demonstrated effective delivery and higher gene knockdown activity (>80%) in the above mentioned cells than Lipofectamine 2000. These results indicated Ara-DiC16MA can be developed for efficient and low toxic gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Wanrong Guo
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Meiyan Liu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Shang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of State Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- The National &Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Shuanglin Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of State Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Youlin Zeng
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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Gosangi M, Rapaka H, Ravula V, Patri SV. Evolution of New “Bolaliposomes” using Novel α-Tocopheryl Succinate Based Cationic Lipid and 1,12-Disubstituted Dodecane-Based Bolaamphiphile for Efficient Gene Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:1965-1977. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hithavani Rapaka
- National Institute of Technology, Warangal 506004, Telangana, India
| | - Venkatesh Ravula
- National Institute of Technology, Warangal 506004, Telangana, India
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Pesarrodona M, Crosas E, Cubarsi R, Sánchez-Chardi A, Saccardo P, Unzueta U, Rueda F, Sanchez-García L, Serna N, Mangues R, Ferrer-Miralles N, Vázquez E, Villaverde A. Intrinsic functional and architectonic heterogeneity of tumor-targeted protein nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:6427-6435. [PMID: 28463351 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr09182b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembling proteins are gaining attention as building blocks for application-tailored nanoscale materials. This is mostly due to the biocompatibility, biodegradability, and functional versatility of peptide chains. Such a potential for adaptability is particularly high in the case of recombinant proteins, which are produced in living cells and are suitable for genetic engineering. However, how the cell factory itself and the particular protein folding machinery influence the architecture and function of the final material is still poorly explored. In this study we have used diverse analytical approaches, including small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) to determine the fine architecture and geometry of recombinant, tumor-targeted protein nanoparticles of interest as drug carriers, constructed on a GFP-based modular scheme. A set of related oligomers were produced in alternative Escherichia coli strains with variant protein folding networks. This resulted in highly regular populations of morphometric types, ranging from 2.4 to 28 nm and from spherical- to rod-shaped materials. These differential geometric species, whose relative proportions were determined by the features of the producing strain, were found associated with particular fluorescence emission, cell penetrability and receptor specificity profiles. Then, nanoparticles with optimal properties could be analytically identified and further isolated from producing cells for use. The cell's protein folding machinery greatly modulates the final geometry reached by the constructs, which in turn defines the key parameters and biological performance of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Pesarrodona
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain. and Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain and CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Eva Crosas
- ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la llum, 2-26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Rafael Cubarsi
- Department of Mathematics, Campus Diagonal Sud, Edifici U, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Carrer de Pau Gargallo, 5, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Sánchez-Chardi
- Servei de Microscòpia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paolo Saccardo
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain. and Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain and CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Ugutz Unzueta
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain and Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau) and Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabian Rueda
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain. and Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain and CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Laura Sanchez-García
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain. and Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain and CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Naroa Serna
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain. and Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain and CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Ramón Mangues
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain and Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau) and Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Ferrer-Miralles
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain. and Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain and CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Esther Vázquez
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain. and Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain and CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Antonio Villaverde
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain. and Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain and CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
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A preliminary study on the interaction between Asn-Gly-Arg (NGR)-modified multifunctional nanoparticles and vascular epithelial cells. Acta Pharm Sin B 2017; 7:361-372. [PMID: 28540174 PMCID: PMC5430811 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously developed Asn-Gly-Arg (NGR) peptide-modified multifunctional poly(ethyleneimine)–poly(ethylene glycol) (PEI–PEG)-based nanoparticles (TPIC) have been considered to be promising carriers for the co-delivery of DNA and doxorubicin (DOX). As a continued effort, the aim of the present study was to further evaluate the interaction between TPIC and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) to better understand the cellular entry mechanism. In the present investigation, experiments relevant to co-localization, endocytosis inhibitors and factors influencing the internalization were performed. Without any treatment, there was no co-localization between aminopeptidase N/CD13 (APN/CD13) and caveolin 1 (CAV1). However, co-localization between CD13 and CAV1 was observed when cells were incubated with an anti-CD13 antibody or TPIC. As compared with antibody treatment, TPIC accelerated the speed and enhanced the degree of co-localization. TPIC entered HUVEC not only together with CD13 but also together with CAV1. However, this internalization was not dependent on the enzyme activity of CD13 but could be inhibited by methyl-β-eyclodextfin (MβCD), further identifying the involvement of caveolae-mediated endocytosis (CvME). This conclusion was also verified by endocytosis inhibitor experiments.
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Núñez-Toldrà R, Dosta P, Montori S, Ramos V, Atari M, Borrós S. Improvement of osteogenesis in dental pulp pluripotent-like stem cells by oligopeptide-modified poly(β-amino ester)s. Acta Biomater 2017; 53:152-164. [PMID: 28159719 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Controlling pluripotent stem cell differentiation via genetic manipulation is a promising technique in regenerative medicine. However, the lack of safe and efficient delivery vehicles limits this application. Recently, a new family of poly(β-amino ester)s (pBAEs) with oligopeptide-modified termini showing high transfection efficiency of both siRNA and DNA plasmid has been developed. In this study, oligopeptide-modified pBAEs were used to simultaneously deliver anti-OCT3/4 siRNA, anti-NANOG siRNA, and RUNX2 plasmid to cells from the dental pulp with pluripotent-like characteristics (DPPSC) in order to promote their osteogenic differentiation. Results indicate that transient inhibition of the pluripotency marker OCT3/4 and the overexpression of RUNX2 at day 7 of differentiation markedly increased and accelerated the expression of osteogenic markers. Furthermore, terminally-differentiated cells exhibited higher matrix mineralization and alkaline phosphatase activity. Finally, cell viability and genetic stability assays indicate that this co-delivery system has high chromosomal stability and minimal cytotoxicity. Therefore, we conclude that such co-delivery strategy is a safe and a quick option for the improvement of DPPSC osteogenic differentiation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Controlling pluripotent stem cell differentiation via genetic manipulation is a promising technique in regenerative medicine. However, the lack of safe and efficient delivery vehicles limits this application. In this study, we propose the use of a new family of oligopeptide-modified pBAEs developed in our group to control the differentiation of dental pulp pluripotential stem cells (DPPSC). In order to promote their osteogenic differentiation. The strategy proposed markedly increased and accelerated the expression of osteogenic markers, cell mineralization and alkaline phosphatase activity. Finally, cell viability and genetic stability assays indicated that this co-delivery system has high chromosomal stability and minimal cytotoxicity. These findings open a new interesting path in the usage of non-viral gene delivery systems for the control of pluripotential stem cell differentiation.
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Redondo JA, Martínez-Campos E, Navarro R, Pérez-Perrino M, Reinecke H, Gallardo A, Corrales G, Fernández-Mayoralas A, Elvira C. Hydroxyl versus permethylated glycopolymers as gene carriers. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 117:68-76. [PMID: 28385616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The main parameters that contribute to non-viral gene delivery are chemical structure and charge distribution. Indeed, saccharide units have been reported to have specific interactions with proteins located in the outer leaflet of the plasma cell membrane that facilitate the cellular internalization of plasmid-DNA vector complexes. In this work, glycopolymers based on statistical copolymers were synthesized through radical copolymerization of a cationic unit, N-ethyl pyrrolidine methacrylamide (EPA), with two styrenic monomers derived from the hydroxylated and permethylated forms of α-glucose. These copolymers were evaluated as possible non-viral gene carriers, and their ability to complex DNA was evaluated. The transfection efficiency and cytocompatibility of the polyplexes, in both fibroblastic and tumoral murine cell lines, was evaluated. Systems derived from α-glucose (GLCSt), over a monomer concentration range of 5-70mol%, exhibited high toxicity and low transfection efficiency, and were not able to significantly improve on results obtained from positive poly-EPA (PEPA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) controls. However, systems derived from the permethylated form of α-glucose (MGLCSt), formed stable complexes with DNA or polyplexes, which showed improved transfection efficiency and cytocompatibility in comparison to positive controls. The high transfection efficiency can be clearly attributed to their cytocompatibility, which was notably found to be different for Swiss fibroblasts and B16 melanoma cells, high for Swiss and low for B16. As such, we present permethylated MCLCSt copolymers as good candidates for the possible development of therapies against melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Alfonso Redondo
- Department of Applied Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Martínez-Campos
- Institute of Biofunctional Studies (IEB), Tissue Engineering Group, (UCM), Associated Unit to the Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (CSIC), Paseo de Juan XXIII 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Navarro
- Department of Applied Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Pérez-Perrino
- Department of Applied Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Helmut Reinecke
- Department of Applied Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Gallardo
- Department of Applied Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Corrales
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Elvira
- Department of Applied Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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62
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Schneider CS, Xu Q, Boylan NJ, Chisholm J, Tang BC, Schuster BS, Henning A, Ensign LM, Lee E, Adstamongkonkul P, Simons BW, Wang SYS, Gong X, Yu T, Boyle MP, Suk JS, Hanes J. Nanoparticles that do not adhere to mucus provide uniform and long-lasting drug delivery to airways following inhalation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1601556. [PMID: 28435870 PMCID: PMC5381952 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1601556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Mucoadhesive particles (MAP) have been widely explored for pulmonary drug delivery because of their perceived benefits in improving particle residence in the lungs. However, retention of particles adhesively trapped in airway mucus may be limited by physiologic mucus clearance mechanisms. In contrast, particles that avoid mucoadhesion and have diameters smaller than mucus mesh spacings rapidly penetrate mucus layers [mucus-penetrating particles (MPP)], which we hypothesized would provide prolonged lung retention compared to MAP. We compared in vivo behaviors of variously sized, polystyrene-based MAP and MPP in the lungs following inhalation. MAP, regardless of particle size, were aggregated and poorly distributed throughout the airways, leading to rapid clearance from the lungs. Conversely, MPP as large as 300 nm exhibited uniform distribution and markedly enhanced retention compared to size-matched MAP. On the basis of these findings, we formulated biodegradable MPP (b-MPP) with an average diameter of <300 nm and examined their behavior following inhalation relative to similarly sized biodegradable MAP (b-MAP). Although b-MPP diffused rapidly through human airway mucus ex vivo, b-MAP did not. Rapid b-MPP movements in mucus ex vivo correlated to a more uniform distribution within the airways and enhanced lung retention time as compared to b-MAP. Furthermore, inhalation of b-MPP loaded with dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DP) significantly reduced inflammation in a mouse model of acute lung inflammation compared to both carrier-free DP and DP-loaded MAP. These studies provide a careful head-to-head comparison of MAP versus MPP following inhalation and challenge a long-standing dogma that favored the use of MAP for pulmonary drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig S. Schneider
- The Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Qingguo Xu
- The Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Boylan
- The Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Jane Chisholm
- The Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Benjamin C. Tang
- The Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Benjamin S. Schuster
- The Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andreas Henning
- The Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Laura M. Ensign
- The Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Ethan Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Pichet Adstamongkonkul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Brian W. Simons
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Sho-Yu S. Wang
- The Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Xiaoqun Gong
- The Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People‘s Republic of China
| | - Tao Yu
- The Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Michael P. Boyle
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jung Soo Suk
- The Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Corresponding author. (J.S.S.); (J.H.)
| | - Justin Hanes
- The Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Corresponding author. (J.S.S.); (J.H.)
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63
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Werfel TA, Jackson MA, Kavanaugh TE, Kirkbride KC, Miteva M, Giorgio TD, Duvall C. Combinatorial optimization of PEG architecture and hydrophobic content improves ternary siRNA polyplex stability, pharmacokinetics, and potency in vivo. J Control Release 2017; 255:12-26. [PMID: 28366646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.03.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A rationally-designed library of ternary siRNA polyplexes was developed and screened for gene silencing efficacy in vitro and in vivo with the goal of overcoming both cell-level and systemic delivery barriers. [2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (DMAEMA) was homopolymerized or copolymerized (50mol% each) with butyl methacrylate (BMA) from a reversible addition - fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) chain transfer agent, with and without pre-conjugation to polyethylene glycol (PEG). Both single block polymers were tested as core-forming units, and both PEGylated, diblock polymers were screened as corona-forming units. Ternary siRNA polyplexes were assembled with varied amounts and ratios of core-forming polymers to PEGylated corona-forming polymers. The impact of polymer composition/ratio, hydrophobe (BMA) placement, and surface PEGylation density was correlated to important outcomes such as polyplex size, stability, pH-dependent membrane disruptive activity, biocompatibility, and gene silencing efficiency. The lead formulation, DB4-PDB12, was optimally PEGylated not only to ensure colloidal stability (no change in size by DLS between 0 and 24h) and neutral surface charge (0.139mV) but also to maintain higher cell uptake (>90% positive cells) than the most densely PEGylated particles. The DB4-PDB12 polyplexes also incorporated BMA in both the polyplex core- and corona-forming polymers, resulting in robust endosomolysis and in vitro siRNA silencing (~85% protein level knockdown) of the model gene luciferase across multiple cell types. Further, the DB4-PDB12 polyplexes exhibited greater stability, increased blood circulation time, reduced renal clearance, increased tumor biodistribution, and greater silencing of luciferase compared to our previously-optimized, binary parent formulation following intravenous (i.v.) delivery. This polyplex library approach enabled concomitant optimization of the composition and ratio of core- and corona-forming polymers (indirectly tuning PEGylation density) and identification of a ternary nanomedicine optimized to overcome important siRNA delivery barriers in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Werfel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Meredith A Jackson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Taylor E Kavanaugh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kellye C Kirkbride
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Martina Miteva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Todd D Giorgio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Craig Duvall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN, USA.
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64
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Caetano DLZ, de Carvalho SJ. Conformational properties of block-polyampholytes adsorbed on charged cylindrical surfaces. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2017; 40:33. [PMID: 28337649 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2017-11525-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyampholytes are polymers that have positive and negative monomers along their chain. The adsorption of polyampholytes on charged surfaces has been the subject of a large number of theoretical, computational and experimental studies due to its importance in a variety of bio and nanothechnological systems. However, computational studies focusing on interaction between polyampholytes and cylindrical charged surfaces are rather scarce. This study, therefore, aims to investigate the conformational properties of block-polyampholytes in the presence of a negatively charged cylinder by means of Metropolis Monte Carlo simulations. Adopting a simplified model in which the electrolyte solution is treated at the Debye-Hückel level, the effects of the ionic strength, the linear charge density of the cylinder and the block length on monomers distributions have been investigated. It was found that increasing the salt concentration promotes a transition from a conformation characterized by large loops to a necklace-like conformation parallel to the surface. It was also shown that, at low cylinder charge density, the increase in salt concentration and the length of the blocks lead to a change in the orientation of the adsorbed chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Z Caetano
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Rua Cristovão Colombo 2265, Jd. Nazareth, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sidney J de Carvalho
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Rua Cristovão Colombo 2265, Jd. Nazareth, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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65
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Wang K, He X, Linthicum W, Mezan R, Wang L, Rojanasakul Y, Wen Q, Yang Y. Carbon Nanotubes Induced Fibrogenesis on Nanostructured Substrates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2017; 4:689-699. [PMID: 28944063 PMCID: PMC5608452 DOI: 10.1039/c6en00402d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
While the rapidly evolving nanotechnology has shown promise in electronics, energy, healthcare and many other fields, there is an increasing concern about the adverse health consequences of engineered nanomaterials. To accurately evaluate the toxicity of nanomaterials, in vitro models incorporated with in vivo microenvironment characteristics are desirable. This study aims to delineate the influence of nanotopography on fibrogenic response of normal human lung fibroblasts to multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Nanoscale gratings and pillars of various heights were fabricated on polydimethylsiloxane substrates. Cell spreading and biomechanics were measured, and fibrogenic responses including proliferation, collagen production and reactive oxygen species generation of the fibroblasts grown on the nanostructured substrates in response to MWCNTs were assessed. It was observed that the cells could be largely stretched on shallow nanogratings, leading to stiffer cytoskeleton and nucleus, enhanced cell proliferation and collagen production, and consequently, toxic response sensitivity of the fibroblasts was undermined. In contrast, the cell spreading and stiffness could be reduced using tall, isotropic nanopillars, which significantly improved the cell toxic sensitivity to the MWCNTs. In addition to highlighting the significant influence of cell-nanotopography interactions on cell sensing CNTs, this study contributed to development of physiologically relevant in vitro models for nanotoxicology study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA, 26506
| | - Xiaoqing He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA, 26506
| | - Will Linthicum
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA, 01609
| | - Ryan Mezan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA, 26506
| | - Liying Wang
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA, 26505
| | - Yon Rojanasakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA, 26506
| | - Qi Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA, 01609
- Department of Physics, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA, 01609
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA, 26506
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66
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Incorporation of arginine mimetic residue into peptides for recognition of double stranded nucleic acid structure: Binding and aggregation studies. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:1875-1880. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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67
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Lim KS, Lee DY, Valencia GM, Bull DA, Won YW. Direct Incorporation of Functional Peptides into M-DNA through Ligand-to-Metal Charge Transfer. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:98-102. [PMID: 35632899 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Conventional nonviral gene delivery methods suffer from the toxicity of the cationic nature of polymeric carriers. There is a significant need for a new method of gene delivery that overcomes the limitations and allows targeted gene delivery. In this study, we have developed a new method to incorporate functional peptides into DNA without the need for chemical conjugations by utilizing a ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) transition, which occurs between divalent metal ions and the sulfhydryl group in cysteine. To apply the LMCT transition to the incorporation of cysteine-containing targeting peptides into DNA, divalent metal ions must be first introduced to DNA. Zn2+ ions spontaneously intercalate into the DNA base pairs in the pH range of 7.0-8.5, resulting in the conversion of normal B-DNA to metal-bound DNA (M-DNA). We found that the Zn2+ ions present in M-DNA could interact with the sulfhydryl groups in cysteines of targeting peptides through the LMCT transition, and the M-DNA/peptide complex could specifically transfect the target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Suk Lim
- Division
of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, United States
| | - Daniel Y. Lee
- Division
of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, United States
- Department
of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Gabriel M. Valencia
- Division
of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, United States
| | - David A. Bull
- Division
of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, United States
- Department
of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Young-Wook Won
- Division
of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, United States
- Department
of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112, United States
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68
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Cervia LD, Chang CC, Wang L, Yuan F. Distinct effects of endosomal escape and inhibition of endosomal trafficking on gene delivery via electrotransfection. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171699. [PMID: 28182739 PMCID: PMC5300164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent theory suggests that endocytosis is involved in uptake and intracellular transport of electrotransfected plasmid DNA (pDNA). The goal of the current study was to understand if approaches used previously to improve endocytosis of gene delivery vectors could be applied to enhancing electrotransfection efficiency (eTE). Results from the study showed that photochemically induced endosomal escape, which could increase poly-L-lysine (PLL)-mediated gene delivery, decreased eTE. The decrease could not be blocked by treatment of cells with endonuclease inhibitors (aurintricarboxylic acid and zinc ion) or antioxidants (L-glutamine and ascorbic acid). Chemical treatment of cells with an endosomal trafficking inhibitor that blocks endosome progression, bafilomycin A1, resulted in a significant decrease in eTE. However, treatment of cells with lysosomotropic agents (chloroquine and ammonium chloride) had little effects on eTE. These data suggested that endosomes played important roles in protecting and intracellular trafficking of electrotransfected pDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa D. Cervia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Chun-Chi Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Liangli Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Fan Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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69
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Alves RF, Favaro MT, Balbino TA, de Toledo MA, de la Torre LG, Azzoni AR. Recombinant protein-based nanocarriers and their association with cationic liposomes: Characterization and in vitro evaluation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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70
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Boyle WS, Senger K, Tolar J, Reineke TM. Heparin Enhances Transfection in Concert with a Trehalose-Based Polycation with Challenging Cell Types. Biomacromolecules 2016; 18:56-67. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William S. Boyle
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Stem Cell Institute and Division of Pediatric Blood
and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Kyle Senger
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Stem Cell Institute and Division of Pediatric Blood
and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Jakub Tolar
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Stem Cell Institute and Division of Pediatric Blood
and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Theresa M. Reineke
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Stem Cell Institute and Division of Pediatric Blood
and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
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71
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Zhang J, Yu J, Jiang J, Chen X, Sun Y, Yang Z, Yang T, Cai C, Zhao X, Ding P. Uptake Pathways of Guandinylated Disulfide Containing Polymers as Nonviral Gene Carrier Delivering DNA to Cells. J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:903-913. [PMID: 27764887 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polymers of guanidinylated disulfide containing poly(amido amine)s (Gua-SS-PAAs), have shown high transfection efficiency and low cytotoxicity. Previously, we synthesized two Gua-SS-PAA polymers, using guanidino containing monomers (i.e., arginine and agmatine, denoted as ARG and AGM, respectively) and N,N'-cystaminebisacrylamide (CBA). In this study, these two polymers, AGM-CBA and ARG-CBA were complexed with plasmid DNA, and their uptake pathway was investigated. Complexes distribution in MCF-7 cells, and changes on cell endosomes/lysosomes and membrane after the cells were exposed to complexes were tested. In addition, how the transfection efficiency changed with the cell cycle status as well as endocytosis inhibitors were studied. The polymers of AGM-CBA and ARG-CBA can avoid endosomal/lysosomal trap, therefore, greatly delivering plasmid DNA (pDNA) to the cell nucleoli. It is the guanidine groups in the polymers that enhanced complexes' permeation through cell membrane with slight membrane damage, and targeting to the nucleoli. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 903-913, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jiankun Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jingzheng Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yanping Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tianzhi Yang
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, Maine
| | - Cuifang Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, School of life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Pingtian Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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72
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Abstract
Corroles are exceptionally promising platforms for the development of agents for simultaneous cancer-targeting imaging and therapy. Depending on the element chelated by the corrole, these theranostic agents may be tuned primarily for diagnostic or therapeutic function. Versatile synthetic methodologies allow for the preparation of amphipolar derivatives, which form stable noncovalent conjugates with targeting biomolecules. These conjugates can be engineered for imaging and targeting as well as therapeutic function within one theranostic assembly. In this review, we begin with a brief outline of corrole chemistry that has been uniquely useful in designing corrole-based anticancer agents. Then we turn attention to the early literature regarding corrole anticancer activity, which commenced one year after the first scalable synthesis was reported (1999-2000). In 2001, a major advance was made with the introduction of negatively charged corroles, as these molecules, being amphipolar, form stable conjugates with many proteins. More recently, both cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of metallocorroles have been documented in experimental investigations employing advanced optical spectroscopic as well as magnetic resonance imaging techniques. Key results from work on both cellular and animal models are reviewed, with emphasis on those that have shed new light on the mechanisms associated with anticancer activity. In closing, we predict a very bright future for corrole anticancer research, as it is experiencing exponential growth, taking full advantage of recently developed imaging and therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie D Teo
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jae Youn Hwang
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology , Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - John Termini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope , 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Zeev Gross
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Harry B Gray
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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73
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Tsekoura EK, K C RB, Uludag H. Biomaterials to Facilitate Delivery of RNA Agents in Bone Regeneration and Repair. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 3:1195-1206. [PMID: 33440509 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone healing after traumatic injuries or pathological diseases remains an important worldwide problem. In search of safer and more effective approaches to bone regeneration and repair, RNA-based therapeutic agents, specifically microRNAs (miRNAs) and short interfering RNA (siRNA), are beginning to be actively explored. In this review, we summarize current attempts to employ miRNAs and siRNAs in preclinical models of bone repair. We provide a summary of current limitations when attempting to utilize bioactive nucleic acids for therapeutic purposes and position the unique aspects of RNA reagents for clinical bone repair. Delivery strategies for RNA reagents are emphasized and nonviral carriers (biomaterial-based) employed to deliver such reagents are reviewed. Critical features of biomaterial carriers and various delivery technologies centered around nanoparticulate systems are highlighted. We conclude with the authors' perspectives on the future of the field, outlining main critical issues important to address as RNA reagents are explored for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni K Tsekoura
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, and §Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Remant Bahadur K C
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, and §Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Hasan Uludag
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, and Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
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74
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Sun Y, Xian L, Yu J, Yang T, Zhang J, Yang Z, Jiang J, Cai C, Zhao X, Yang L, Ding P. Structure-Function Correlations of Poly(Amido Amine)s for Gene Delivery. Macromol Biosci 2016; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Sun
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Lei Xian
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Jiankun Yu
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Tianzhi Yang
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences; School of Pharmacy; Husson University; Bangor ME 04401-2929 USA
| | - Jinmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Zhen Yang
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Jingzheng Jiang
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Cuifang Cai
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology; School of life Science and Biopharmaceutics; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Pingtian Ding
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
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76
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Pereira P, Barreira M, Queiroz JA, Veiga F, Sousa F, Figueiras A. Smart micelleplexes as a new therapeutic approach for RNA delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 14:353-371. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1214567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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77
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Das J, Han JW, Choi YJ, Song H, Cho SG, Park C, Seo HG, Kim JH. Cationic lipid-nanoceria hybrids, a novel nonviral vector-mediated gene delivery into mammalian cells: investigation of the cellular uptake mechanism. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29197. [PMID: 27380727 PMCID: PMC4933920 DOI: 10.1038/srep29197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is a promising technique for the treatment of various diseases. The development of minimally toxic and highly efficient non-viral gene delivery vectors is the most challenging undertaking in the field of gene therapy. Here, we developed dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DODAB)-nanoceria (CeO2) hybrids as a new class of non-viral gene delivery vectors. These DODAB-modified CeO2 nanoparticles (CeO2/DODAB) could effectively compact the pDNA, allowing for highly efficient gene transfection into the selected cell lines. The CeO2/DODAB nanovectors were also found to be non-toxic and did not induce ROS formation as well as any stress responsive and pro-survival signaling pathways. The overall vector performance of CeO2/DODAB nanohybrids was comparable with lipofectamine and DOTAP, and higher than calcium phosphate and DEAE-dextran for transfecting small plasmids. The increased cellular uptake of the nanovector/DNA complexes through clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytosis and subsequent release from the endosomes further support the increased gene transfection efficiency of the CeO2/DODAB vectors. Besides, CeO2/DODAB nanovectors could transfect genes in vivo without any sign of toxicity. Taken together, this new nano-vector has the potential to be used for gene delivery in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydeep Das
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Jae Woong Han
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Yun-Jung Choi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Hyuk Song
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Chankyu Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Han Geuk Seo
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
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78
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Movassaghian S, Xie Y, Hildebrandt C, Rosati R, Li Y, Kim NH, Conti DS, da Rocha SRP, Yang ZQ, Merkel OM. Post-Transcriptional Regulation of the GASC1 Oncogene with Active Tumor-Targeted siRNA-Nanoparticles. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:2605-21. [PMID: 27223606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) accounts for the most aggressive types of breast cancer, marked by high rates of relapse and poor prognoses and with no effective clinical therapy yet. Therefore, investigation of new targets and treatment strategies is more than necessary. Here, we identified a receptor that can be targeted in BLBC for efficient and specific siRNA mediated gene knockdown of therapeutically relevant genes such as the histone demethylase GASC1, which is involved in multiple signaling pathways leading to tumorigenesis. Breast cancer and healthy breast cell lines were compared regarding transferrin receptor (TfR) expression via flow cytometry and transferrin binding assays. Nanobioconjugates made of low molecular weight polyethylenimine (LMW-PEI) and transferrin (Tf) were synthesized to contain a bioreducible disulfide bond. siRNA complexation was characterized by condensation assays and dynamic light scattering. Cytotoxicity, transfection efficiency, and the targeting specificity of the conjugates were investigated in TfR positive and negative healthy breast and breast cancer cell lines by flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, RT-PCR, and Western blot. Breast cancer cell lines revealed a significantly higher TfR expression than healthy breast cells. The conjugates efficiently condensed siRNA into particles with 45 nm size at low polymer concentrations, showed no apparent toxicity on different breast cancer cell lines, and had significantly greater transfection and gene knockdown activity on mRNA and protein levels than PEI/siRNA leading to targeted and therapeutic growth inhibition post GASC1 knockdown. The synthesized nanobioconjugates improved the efficiency of gene transfer and targeting specificity in transferrin receptor positive cells but not in cells with basal receptor expression. Therefore, these materials in combination with our newly identified siRNA sequences are promising candidates for therapeutic targeting of hard-to-treat BLBC and are currently further investigated regarding in vivo targeting efficacy and biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Movassaghian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University , Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States.,Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University , Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Yuran Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University , Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Claudia Hildebrandt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University , Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Kiel University , 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Rayna Rosati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University , Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States.,Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University , Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University , Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Na Hyung Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University , Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Denise S Conti
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, College of Engineering, Wayne State University , Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Sandro R P da Rocha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States.,Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Zeng-Quan Yang
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University , Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Olivia M Merkel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University , Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States.,Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University , Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States.,Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , 80539 Munich, Germany
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79
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Kwok A, McCarthy D, Hart SL, Tagalakis AD. Systematic Comparisons of Formulations of Linear Oligolysine Peptides with siRNA and Plasmid DNA. Chem Biol Drug Des 2016; 87:747-63. [PMID: 26684657 PMCID: PMC4991294 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The effects of lysine peptide lengths on DNA and siRNA packaging and delivery were studied using four linear oligolysine peptides with 8 (K8), 16 (K16), 24 (K24) and 32 (K32) lysines. Oligolysine peptides with 16 lysines or longer were effective for stable monodisperse particle formation and optimal transfection efficiency with plasmid DNA (pDNA), but K8 formulations were less stable under anionic heparin challenge and consequently displayed poor transfection efficiency. However, here we show that the oligolysines were not able to package siRNA to form stable complexes, and consequently, siRNA transfection was unsuccessful. These results indicate that the physical structure and length of cationic peptides and their charge ratios are critical parameters for stable particle formation with pDNA and siRNA and that without packaging, delivery and transfection cannot be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Kwok
- Experimental and Personalised Medicine SectionUCL Institute of Child HealthUniversity College London30 Guilford StreetLondonWC1N 1EHUK
- Present address: Department of Clinical Biochemistry University of CambridgeBox 289, Addenbrooke's HospitalCambridgeCB2 0QQUK
| | - David McCarthy
- UCL School of Pharmacy29‐39 Brunswick SquareLondonWC1N 1AXUK
| | - Stephen L. Hart
- Experimental and Personalised Medicine SectionUCL Institute of Child HealthUniversity College London30 Guilford StreetLondonWC1N 1EHUK
| | - Aristides D. Tagalakis
- Experimental and Personalised Medicine SectionUCL Institute of Child HealthUniversity College London30 Guilford StreetLondonWC1N 1EHUK
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80
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Fiume G, Di Rienzo C, Marchetti L, Pozzi D, Caracciolo G, Cardarelli F. Single-cell real-time imaging of transgene expression upon lipofection. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 474:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.03.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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81
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Seras-Franzoso J, Sánchez-Chardi A, Garcia-Fruitós E, Vázquez E, Villaverde A. Cellular uptake and intracellular fate of protein releasing bacterial amyloids in mammalian cells. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:3451-3460. [PMID: 26956912 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm02930a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial Inclusion Bodies (IBs) are amyloidal protein deposits that functionally mimic secretory granules from the endocrine system. When formed by therapeutically relevant proteins, they complement missing intracellular activities in jeopardized cell cultures, offering an intriguing platform for protein drug delivery in substitutive therapies. Despite the therapeutic potential of IBs, their capability to interact with eukaryotic cells, cross the cell membrane and release their functional building blocks into the cytosolic space remains essentially unexplored. We have systematically dissected the process by which bacterial amyloids interact with mammalian cells. An early and tight cell membrane anchorage of IBs is followed by cellular uptake of single or grouped IBs of variable sizes by macropinocytosis. Although an important fraction of the penetrating particles is led to lysosomal degradation, biologically significant amounts of protein are released into the cytosol. In addition, our data suggest the involvement of the bacterial cell folding modulator DnaK in the release of functional proteins from these amyloidal reservoirs. The mechanisms supporting the internalization of disintegrable protein nanoparticles revealed here offer clues to implement novel approaches for protein drug delivery based on controlled protein packaging as bacterial IBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin Seras-Franzoso
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
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82
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Abstract
Restorative cell-based therapies for experimental brain injury, such as stroke and traumatic brain injury, substantially improve functional outcome. We discuss and review state of the art magnetic resonance imaging methodologies and their applications related to cell-based treatment after brain injury. We focus on the potential of magnetic resonance imaging technique and its associated challenges to obtain useful new information related to cell migration, distribution, and quantitation, as well as vascular and neuronal remodeling in response to cell-based therapy after brain injury. The noninvasive nature of imaging might more readily help with translation of cell-based therapy from the laboratory to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
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83
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Wang K, Bruce A, Mezan R, Kadiyala A, Wang L, Dawson J, Rojanasakul Y, Yang Y. Nanotopographical Modulation of Cell Function through Nuclear Deformation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:5082-92. [PMID: 26844365 PMCID: PMC4804753 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b10531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Although nanotopography has been shown to be a potent modulator of cell behavior, it is unclear how the nanotopographical cue, through focal adhesions, affects the nucleus, eventually influencing cell phenotype and function. Thus, current methods to apply nanotopography to regulate cell behavior are basically empirical. We, herein, engineered nanotopographies of various shapes (gratings and pillars) and dimensions (feature size, spacing and height), and thoroughly investigated cell spreading, focal adhesion organization and nuclear deformation of human primary fibroblasts as the model cell grown on the nanotopographies. We examined the correlation between nuclear deformation and cell functions such as cell proliferation, transfection and extracellular matrix protein type I collagen production. It was found that the nanoscale gratings and pillars could facilitate focal adhesion elongation by providing anchoring sites, and the nanogratings could orient focal adhesions and nuclei along the nanograting direction, depending on not only the feature size but also the spacing of the nanogratings. Compared with continuous nanogratings, discrete nanopillars tended to disrupt the formation and growth of focal adhesions and thus had less profound effects on nuclear deformation. Notably, nuclear volume could be effectively modulated by the height of nanotopography. Further, we demonstrated that cell proliferation, transfection, and type I collagen production were strongly associated with the nuclear volume, indicating that the nucleus serves as a critical mechanosensor for cell regulation. Our study delineated the relationships between focal adhesions, nucleus and cell function and highlighted that the nanotopography could regulate cell phenotype and function by modulating nuclear deformation. This study provides insight into the rational design of nanotopography for new biomaterials and the cell-substrate interfaces of implants and medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Allison Bruce
- Department of Chemical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Ryan Mezan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Anand Kadiyala
- Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Liying Wang
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Jeremy Dawson
- Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Yon Rojanasakul
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
- Corresponding Author Y. Yang.
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84
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Kim J, Kim J, Jeong C, Kim WJ. Synergistic nanomedicine by combined gene and photothermal therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 98:99-112. [PMID: 26748259 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To date, various nanomaterials with the ability for gene delivery or photothermal effect have been developed in the field of biomedicine. The therapeutic potential of these nanomaterials has raised considerable interests in their use in potential next-generation strategies for effective anticancer therapy. In particular, the advancement of novel nanomedicines utilizing both therapeutic strategies of gene delivery and photothermal effect has generated much optimism regarding the imminent development of effective and successful cancer treatments. In this review, we discuss current research progress with regard to combined gene and photothermal therapy. This review focuses on synergistic therapeutic systems combining gene regulation and photothermal ablation as well as logically designed nano-carriers aimed at enhancing the delivery efficiency of therapeutic genes using the photothermal effect. The examples detailed in this review provide insight to further our understanding of combinatorial gene and photothermal therapy, thus paving the way for the design of promising nanomedicines.
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85
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How can macromolecular crowding inhibit biological reactions? The enhanced formation of DNA nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22033. [PMID: 26903405 PMCID: PMC4763241 DOI: 10.1038/srep22033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to the already known effect that macromolecular crowding usually promotes biological reactions, solutions of PEG 6k at high concentrations stop the cleavage of DNA by HindIII enzyme, due to the formation of DNA nanoparticles. We characterized the DNA nanoparticles and probed the prerequisites for their formation using multiple techniques such as fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, fluorescence analytical ultracentrifugation etc. In >25% PEG 6k solution, macromolecular crowding promotes the formation of DNA nanoparticles with dimensions of several hundreds of nanometers. The formation of DNA nanoparticles is a fast and reversible process. Both plasmid DNA (2686 bp) and double-stranded/single-stranded DNA fragment (66bp/nt) can form nanoparticles. We attribute the enhanced nanoparticle formation to the depletion effect of macromolecular crowding. This study presents our idea to enhance the formation of DNA nanoparticles by macromolecular crowding, providing the first step towards a final solution to efficient gene therapy.
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86
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Dateki M, Imamura O, Arai M, Shimizu H, Takishima K. A novel strategy for selective gene delivery by using the inhibitory effect of blue light on jetPRIME-mediated transfection. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 113:1560-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Minori Dateki
- Department of Biochemistry; National Defense Medical College; Tokorozawa 359-8513 Japan
| | - Osamu Imamura
- Department of Biochemistry; National Defense Medical College; Tokorozawa 359-8513 Japan
| | - Masaaki Arai
- Department of Biochemistry; National Defense Medical College; Tokorozawa 359-8513 Japan
| | - Hidehisa Shimizu
- Research Faculty of Agriculture; Division of Applied Bioscience; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
| | - Kunio Takishima
- Department of Biochemistry; National Defense Medical College; Tokorozawa 359-8513 Japan
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87
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Martin TM, Plautz SA, Pannier AK. Temporal endogenous gene expression profiles in response to lipid-mediated transfection. J Gene Med 2015; 17:14-32. [PMID: 25663588 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Design of efficient nonviral gene delivery systems is limited as a result of the rudimentary understanding of the specific molecules and processes that facilitate DNA transfer. METHODS Lipoplexes formed with Lipofectamine 2000 (LF2000) and plasmid-encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) were delivered to the HEK 293T cell line. After treating cells with lipoplexes, HG-U133 Affymetrix microarrays were used to identify endogenous genes differentially expressed between treated and untreated cells (2 h exposure) or between flow-separated transfected cells (GFP+) and treated, untransfected cells (GFP-) at 8, 16 and 24 h after lipoplex treatment. Cell priming studies were conducted using pharmacologic agents to alter endogenous levels of the identified differentially expressed genes to determine effect on transfection levels. RESULTS Relative to untreated cells 2 h after lipoplex treatment, only downregulated genes were identified ≥ 30-fold: ALMS1, ITGB1, FCGR3A, DOCK10 and ZDDHC13. Subsequently, relative to GFP- cells, the GFP+ cell population showed at least a five-fold upregulation of RAP1A and PACSIN3 (8 h) or HSPA6 and RAP1A (16 and 24 h). Pharmacologic studies altering endogenous levels for ALMS1, FCGR3A, and DOCK10 (involved in filopodia protrusions), ITGB1 (integrin signaling), ZDDHC13 (membrane trafficking) and PACSIN3 (proteolytic shedding of membrane receptors) were able to increase or decrease transgene production. CONCLUSIONS RAP1A, PACSIN3 and HSPA6 may help lipoplex-treated cells overcome a transcriptional shutdown due to treatment with lipoplexes and provide new targets for investigating molecular mechanisms of transfection or for enhancing transfection through cell priming or engineering of the nonviral gene delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Martin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Durham Research Center II, University of Nebraska-Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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88
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Martin TM, Plautz SA, Pannier AK. Temporal endogenous gene expression profiles in response to polymer-mediated transfection and profile comparison to lipid-mediated transfection. J Gene Med 2015; 17:33-53. [PMID: 25663627 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Design of efficient nonviral gene delivery systems is limited by the rudimentary understanding of specific molecules that facilitate transfection. METHODS Polyplexes using 25-kDa polyethylenimine (PEI) and plasmid-encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) were delivered to HEK 293T cells. After treating cells with polyplexes, microarrays were used to identify endogenous genes differentially expressed between treated and untreated cells (2 h of exposure) or between flow-separated transfected cells (GFP+) and treated, untransfected cells (GFP-) at 8, 16 and 24 h after lipoplex treatment. Cell priming studies were conducted using pharmacologic agents to alter endogenous levels of the identified differentially expressed genes to determine effect on transfection levels. Differentially expressed genes in polyplex-mediated transfection were compared with those differentially expressed in lipoplex transfection to identify DNA carrier-dependent molecular factors. RESULTS Differentially expressed genes were RGS1, ARHGAP24, PDZD2, SNX24, GSN and IGF2BP1 after 2 h; RAP1A and ACTA1 after 8 h; RAP1A, WDR78 and ACTA1 after 16 h; and RAP1A, SCG5, ATF3, IREB2 and ACTA1 after 24 h. Pharmacologic studies altering endogenous levels for ARHGAP24, GSN, IGF2BP1, PDZD2 and RGS1 were able to increase or decrease transgene production. Comparing differentially expressed genes for polyplexes and lipoplexes, no common genes were identified at the 2-h time point, whereas, after the 8-h time point, RAP1A, ATF3 and HSPA6 were similarly expressed. SCG5 and PGAP1 were only upregulated in polyplex-transfected cells. CONCLUSIONS The identified genes and pharmacologic agents provide targets for improving transfection systems, although polyplex or lipoplex dependencies must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Martin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Durham Research Center II, University of Nebraska-Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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89
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Sims JD, Hwang JY, Wagner S, Alonso-Valenteen F, Hanson C, Taguiam JM, Polo R, Harutyunyan I, Karapetyan G, Sorasaenee K, Ibrahim A, Marban E, Moats R, Gray HB, Gross Z, Medina-Kauwe LK. A corrole nanobiologic elicits tissue-activated MRI contrast enhancement and tumor-targeted toxicity. J Control Release 2015; 217:92-101. [PMID: 26334483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble corroles with inherent fluorescence can form stable self-assemblies with tumor-targeted cell penetration proteins, and have been explored as agents for optical imaging and photosensitization of tumors in pre-clinical studies. However, the limited tissue-depth of excitation wavelengths limits their clinical applicability. To examine their utility in more clinically-relevant imaging and therapeutic modalities, here we have explored the use of corroles as contrast enhancing agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and evaluated their potential for tumor-selective delivery when encapsulated by a tumor-targeted polypeptide. We have found that a manganese-metallated corrole exhibits significant T1 relaxation shortening and MRI contrast enhancement that is blocked by particle formation in solution but yields considerable MRI contrast after tissue uptake. Cell entry but not low pH enables this. Additionally, the corrole elicited tumor-toxicity through the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and cytoskeletal breakdown when delivered by the targeted polypeptide. The protein-corrole particle (which we call HerMn) exhibited improved therapeutic efficacy compared to current targeted therapies used in the clinic. Taken together with its tumor-preferential biodistribution, our findings indicate that HerMn can facilitate tumor-targeted toxicity after systemic delivery and tumor-selective MR imaging activatable by internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D Sims
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jae Youn Hwang
- Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Shawn Wagner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Chris Hanson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jan Michael Taguiam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Richard Polo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ira Harutyunyan
- Translational Biomedical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, The Saban Reseach Institute, Children's Hospital, Keck Medical School of USC, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Gevorg Karapetyan
- Translational Biomedical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, The Saban Reseach Institute, Children's Hospital, Keck Medical School of USC, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Karn Sorasaenee
- Translational Biomedical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, The Saban Reseach Institute, Children's Hospital, Keck Medical School of USC, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Ahmed Ibrahim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eduardo Marban
- Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rex Moats
- Translational Biomedical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, The Saban Reseach Institute, Children's Hospital, Keck Medical School of USC, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Harry B Gray
- Department of Chemistry, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Zeev Gross
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lali K Medina-Kauwe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, USA.
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90
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Peng Q, Zhu J, Yu Y, Hoffman L, Yang X. Hyperbranched lysine−arginine copolymer for gene delivery. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2015; 26:1163-77. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2015.1080482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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91
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Bondar O, Shevchenko V, Martynova A, Salakhieva D, Savina I, Shtyrlin Y, Abdullin T. Intracellular delivery of VEGF165 encoding gene therapeutic using trifunctional copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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92
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Zhou MT, Qin Y, Li M, Chen C, Chen X, Shu HB, Guo L. Quantitative Proteomics Reveals the Roles of Peroxisome-associated Proteins in Antiviral Innate Immune Responses. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:2535-49. [PMID: 26124285 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.048413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with whole-cell proteomic analysis, subcellular proteomic analysis is advantageous not only for the increased coverage of low abundance proteins but also for generating organelle-specific data containing information regarding dynamic protein movement. In the present study, peroxisome-enriched fractions from Sendai virus (SeV)-infected or uninfected HepG2 cells were obtained and subjected to quantitative proteomics analysis. We identified 311 proteins that were significantly changed by SeV infection. Among these altered proteins, 25 are immune response-related proteins. Further bioinformatic analysis indicated that SeV infection inhibits cell cycle-related proteins and membrane attack complex-related proteins, all of which are beneficial for the survival and replication of SeV within host cells. Using Luciferase reporter assays on several innate immune-related reporters, we performed functional analysis on 11 candidate proteins. We identified LGALS3BP and CALU as potential negative regulators of the virus-induced activation of the type I interferons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Tian Zhou
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences
| | - Yue Qin
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences; §Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University
| | - Mi Li
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences; §Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University
| | - Chen Chen
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences
| | - Xi Chen
- ¶Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Bing Shu
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences; §Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University;
| | - Lin Guo
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences;
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93
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Redondo JA, Martínez-Campos E, Navarro R, Reinecke H, Elvira C, López-Lacomba JL, Gallardo A. Effect on in vitro cell response of the statistical insertion of N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide on linear pro-dendronic polyamine's gene carriers. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 93:303-10. [PMID: 25937440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Statistical copolymers of N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) and the dendronic methacrylic monomer 2-(3-(Bis(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)amino)propanamido)ethyl methacrylate (TEDETAMA, derived from N,N,N',N'-tetraethyldiethylenetriamine, TEDETA), were synthesized through radical copolymerization and evaluated in vitro as non-viral gene carriers. Three copolymers with nominal molar percentages of HPMA of 25%, 50% and 75% were prepared and studied comparatively to the positive controls poly-TEDETAMA and hyperbranched polyethyleneimine (PEI, 25kDa). Their ability to complex DNA at different N/P molar ratios, from 1/1 up to 8/1, was determined through agarose gel electrophoresis and Dynamic Light Scattering. The resulting complexes (polyplexes) were characterized and evaluated in vitro as possible non-viral gene carriers for Swiss-3T3 fibroblasts, using luciferase as reporter gene and a calcein cytocompatibility assay. All the copolymers, except the one with highest HPMA proportion (75 molar %) at the lowest N/P ratio, condensed DNA to a particle size between 100 and 300 nm. The copolymers with 25 and 50 molar % of HPMA displayed higher transfection efficiency and cytocompatibility than the positive controls poly-TEDETAMA and PEI. A higher proportion of HPMA (75 molar %) led to copolymers that displayed very low transfection efficiency, despite their full cytocompatibility even at the highest N/P ratio. These results indicate that the statistical combination of TEDETAMA and HPMA and its fine compositional tuning in the copolymers may fulfill the fine balance of transfection efficiency and cytocompatibility in a superior way to the control poly-TEDETAMA and PEI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Alfonso Redondo
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Enrique Martínez-Campos
- Institute of Biofunctional Studies (IEB), Tissue Engineering Group, (UCM), Associated Unit to the Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (CSIC), Paseo de Juan XXIII 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Navarro
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Helmut Reinecke
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Elvira
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis López-Lacomba
- Institute of Biofunctional Studies (IEB), Tissue Engineering Group, (UCM), Associated Unit to the Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (CSIC), Paseo de Juan XXIII 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Gallardo
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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94
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Foster AA, Ross NL, Sullivan MO. Fluorescent dye incorporation causes weakened gene association and intracellular aggregate formation in nonviral carriers. J Gene Med 2015; 17:69-79. [PMID: 25731756 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The successful application of nonviral gene transfer technologies requires both improved understanding and control with respect to intracellular trafficking and release. However, the intracellular space is highly complex and hence well-defined, stable structures are necessary to probe the stages of the delivery pathway. Fluorescent labeling is a regularly used approach to monitor nonviral delivery and release, yet few studies investigate the effects of label incorporation on the structure and activity of gene-containing vehicles. METHODS In the present study, the impacts of label incorporation on the assembly and gene transfer capacity of DNA polyplexes were determined through the utilization of a model DNA-polyethylenimine (PEI) delivery system. PEI was fluorescently labeled with the Oregon Green® dye prior to polyplex formation and delivery to CHO-K1 cells. RESULTS The present study provides evidence showing that routine labeling strategies for polyplexes weakened DNA binding affinity, produced large quantities of extracellular structures and significantly increased intracellular polyplex aggregation. Additionally, cellular internalization studies showed that increased labeling fractions led to reductions in polyplex uptake as a result of weakened complexation. CONCLUSIONS These results not only provide insight into the assembly of these structures, but also help to identify labeling strategies sufficient to preserve activity at the same time as enabling detailed studies of trafficking and disassembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbygail A Foster
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Nikki L Ross
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Millicent O Sullivan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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95
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Light induced cytosolic drug delivery from liposomes with gold nanoparticles. J Control Release 2015; 203:85-98. [PMID: 25701610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Externally triggered drug release at defined targets allows site- and time-controlled drug treatment regimens. We have developed liposomal drug carriers with encapsulated gold nanoparticles for triggered drug release. Light energy is converted to heat in the gold nanoparticles and released to the lipid bilayers. Localized temperature increase renders liposomal bilayers to be leaky and triggers drug release. The aim of this study was to develop a drug releasing system capable of releasing its cargo to cell cytosol upon triggering with visible and near infrared light signals. The liposomes were formulated using either heat-sensitive or heat- and pH-sensitive lipid compositions with star or rod shaped gold nanoparticles. Encapsulated fluorescent probe, calcein, was released from the liposomes after exposure to the light. In addition, the pH-sensitive formulations showed a faster drug release in acidic conditions than in neutral conditions. The liposomes were internalized into human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and did not show any cellular toxicity. The light induced cytosolic delivery of calcein from the gold nanoparticle containing liposomes was shown, whereas no cytosolic release was seen without light induction or without gold nanoparticles in the liposomes. The light activated liposome formulations showed a controlled content release to the cellular cytosol at a specific location and time. Triggering with visual and near infrared light allows good tissue penetration and safety, and the pH-sensitive liposomes may enable selective drug release in the intracellular acidic compartments (endosomes, lysosomes). Thus, light activated liposomes with gold nanoparticles are an attractive option for time- and site-specific drug delivery into the target cells.
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96
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Ediriwickrema A, Saltzman WM. Nanotherapy for Cancer: Targeting and Multifunctionality in the Future of Cancer Therapies. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2015; 1:64-78. [PMID: 25984571 PMCID: PMC4426346 DOI: 10.1021/ab500084g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer continues to be a prevalent and lethal disease, despite advances in tumor biology research and chemotherapy development. Major obstacles in cancer treatment arise from tumor heterogeneity, drug resistance, and systemic toxicities. Nanoscale delivery systems, or nanotherapies, are increasing in importance as vehicles for antineoplastic agents because of their potential for targeting and multifunctionality. We discuss the current field of cancer therapy and potential strategies for addressing obstacles in cancer treatment with nanotherapies. Specifically, we review the strategies for rationally designing nanoparticles for targeted, multimodal delivery of therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiri Ediriwickrema
- Department
of Biomedical
Engineering, Yale University, 55 Prospect Street, MEC 414, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - W. Mark Saltzman
- Department
of Biomedical
Engineering, Yale University, 55 Prospect Street, MEC 414, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
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97
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Martin TM, Wysocki BJ, Beyersdorf JP, Wysocki TA, Pannier AK. Integrating mitosis, toxicity, and transgene expression in a telecommunications packet-switched network model of lipoplex-mediated gene delivery. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 111:1659-71. [PMID: 25097912 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Gene delivery systems transport exogenous genetic information to cells or biological systems with the potential to directly alter endogenous gene expression and behavior with applications in functional genomics, tissue engineering, medical devices, and gene therapy. Nonviral systems offer advantages over viral systems because of their low immunogenicity, inexpensive synthesis, and easy modification but suffer from lower transfection levels. The representation of gene transfer using models offers perspective and interpretation of complex cellular mechanisms,including nonviral gene delivery where exact mechanisms are unknown. Here, we introduce a novel telecommunications model of the nonviral gene delivery process in which the delivery of the gene to a cell is synonymous with delivery of a packet of information to a destination computer within a packet-switched computer network. Such a model uses nodes and layers to simplify the complexity of modeling the transfection process and to overcome several challenges of existing models. These challenges include a limited scope and limited time frame, which often does not incorporate biological effects known to affect transfection. The telecommunication model was constructed in MATLAB to model lipoplex delivery of the gene encoding the green fluorescent protein to HeLa cells. Mitosis and toxicity events were included in the model resulting in simulation outputs of nuclear internalization and transfection efficiency that correlated with experimental data. A priori predictions based on model sensitivity analysis suggest that increasing endosomal escape and decreasing lysosomal degradation, protein degradation, and GFP-induced toxicity can improve transfection efficiency by three-fold. Application of the telecommunications model to nonviral gene delivery offers insight into the development of new gene delivery systems with therapeutically relevant transfection levels.
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98
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Balmayor ER, van Griensven M. Gene therapy for bone engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015; 3:9. [PMID: 25699253 PMCID: PMC4313589 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone has an intrinsic healing capacity that may be exceeded when the fracture gap is too big or unstable. In that moment, osteogenic measures need to be taken by physicians. It is important to combine cells, scaffolds and growth factors, and the correct mechanical conditions. Growth factors are clinically administered as recombinant proteins. They are, however, expensive and needed in high supraphysiological doses. Moreover, their half-life is short when administered to the fracture. Therefore, gene therapy may be an alternative. Cells can constantly produce the protein of interest in the correct folding, with the physiological glycosylation and in the needed amounts. Genes can be delivered in vivo or ex vivo by viral or non-viral methods. Adenovirus is mostly used. For the non-viral methods, hydrogels and recently sonoporation seem to be promising means. This review will give an overview of recent advancements in gene therapy approaches for bone regeneration strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Rosado Balmayor
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich , Munich , Germany ; Institute for Advanced Science, Technical University Munich , Garching , Germany
| | - Martijn van Griensven
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich , Munich , Germany
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99
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Kim NH, Provoda C, Lee KD. Design and characterization of novel recombinant listeriolysin O-protamine fusion proteins for enhanced gene delivery. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:342-50. [PMID: 25521817 PMCID: PMC4319693 DOI: 10.1021/mp5004543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To improve the efficiency of gene delivery for effective gene therapy, it is essential that the vector carries functional components that can promote overcoming barriers in various steps leading to the transport of DNA from extracellular to ultimately nuclear compartment. In this study, we designed genetically engineered fusion proteins as a platform to incorporate multiple functionalities in one chimeric protein. Prototypes of such a chimera tested here contain two domains: one that binds to DNA; the other that can facilitate endosomal escape of DNA. The fusion proteins are composed of listeriolysin O (LLO), the endosomolytic pore-forming protein from Listeria monocytogenes, and a 22 amino acid sequence of the DNA-condensing polypeptide protamine (PN), singly or as a pair: LLO-PN and LLO-PNPN. We demonstrate dramatic enhancement of the gene delivery efficiency of protamine-condensed DNA upon incorporation of a small amount of LLO-PN fusion protein and further improvement with LLO-PNPN in vitro using cultured cells. Additionally, the association of anionic liposomes with cationic LLO-PNPN/protamine/DNA complexes, yielding a net negative surface charge, resulted in better in vitro transfection efficiency in the presence of serum. An initial, small set of data in mice indicated that the observed enhancement in gene expression could also be applicable to in vivo gene delivery. This study suggests that incorporation of a recombinant fusion protein with multiple functional components, such as LLO-protamine fusion protein, in a nonviral vector is a promising strategy for various nonviral gene delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Hyung Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Molecular Drug Targeting, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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100
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Singh B, Maharjan S, Park TE, Jiang T, Kang SK, Choi YJ, Cho CS. Tuning the buffering capacity of polyethylenimine with glycerol molecules for efficient gene delivery: staying in or out of the endosomes. Macromol Biosci 2015; 15:622-35. [PMID: 25581293 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201400463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Endosomal escape is a major bottleneck for efficient non-viral gene delivery. This paper presents the development of two novel non-viral vectors by cross-linking glycerol molecules with low molecular weight polyethylenimine (PEI). The vectors, namely, HG-PEI (45 mol% glycerol content) and LG-PEI (9 mol% glycerol content) have apparently similar DNA binding, DNA unpacking and cellular uptake abilities but differ in buffering capacity. The cellular uptake and subsequent transfection efficiency of LG-PEI is superior to commercially available PEI 25 k. Interestingly, although the cellular uptake of HG-PEI is higher than that of PEI 25 k, the transgene expression by HG-PEI-mediated transfection is very low. Inhibitor and co-localization studies demonstrate the mechanism of endocytosis and formation of endosomes prone to lysosomal lysis of HG-PEI polyplexes as a consequence of its weak buffering capacity. Importantly, when the lysosomal lysis is inhibited, the transgene expression of HG-PEI-mediated transfection increases by 9-fold of its initial capacity which is comparable to the transfection efficiency of PEI 25 k. These results indicated that the buffering capacity of the polymers primarily impacts endosomal escape and subsequent transfection efficiency. Furthermore, this study highlights the significance of cross-linkers in optimizing the buffering capacity when designing polymers for gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijay Singh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea
| | - Sushila Maharjan
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea
| | - Tae-Eun Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea
| | - Sang-Kee Kang
- Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Kangwon-Do, 232-916, Korea
| | - Yun-Jaie Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea.
| | - Chong-Su Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea.
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