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Long-term effects of socioeconomic status on incident hypertension and progression of blood pressure. J Hypertens 2012; 30:1347-53. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e32835465ca] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ji-Rong Y, Hui W, Chang-Quan H, Bi-Rong D. Association between sleep quality and arterial blood pressure among Chinese nonagenarians/centenarians. Med Sci Monit 2012; 18:PH36-42. [PMID: 22367137 PMCID: PMC3560755 DOI: 10.12659/msm.882512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is association between sleep quality and arterial blood pressure, but it is still unclear if the association also exists in the very elderly. We examined the individual association between sleep quality and arterial blood pressure among the very elderly. Material/Methods The present study analyzed data from a survey that was conducted on all residents aged 90 years or older in a district with 2,311,709 inhabitants in 2005. Sleep quality was measured using The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results The subjects included in the statistical analysis were 216 men and 444 women. There were no significant differences in sleep quality scores, sleep latency, and sleep efficiency percentage and prevalence of poor sleep quality between subjects with and without hypertension. None of the differences in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and prevalence of hypertension, systolic hypertension and diastolic hypertension among subjects with well, fairly and poor sleep quality were significant. Multiple logistic regressions showed that unadjusted and adjusted Odds Ratio (ORs) of poor sleep quality for increased risk for hypertension were significant. Conclusions Among very elderly subjects, there was no association between sleep quality and arterial blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ji-Rong
- Department of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
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Cha SH, Park HS, Cho HJ. Socioeconomic disparities in prevalence, treatment, and control of hypertension in middle-aged Koreans. J Epidemiol 2012; 22:425-32. [PMID: 22785247 PMCID: PMC3798637 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20110132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated socioeconomic inequalities in hypertension prevalence, treatment, and control among middle-aged Koreans. Methods We analyzed data from 4275 adults aged between 40 and 64 years who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007 and 2008. Education, income, and occupational level were evaluated to assess the relationship of socioeconomic status with hypertension prevalence, treatment, and control. Results There were significant differences in socioeconomic status among individuals with no hypertension, controlled hypertension, and uncontrolled hypertension in both sexes. In multiple logistic regression models, as compared with men who had more than 12 years of education, those with 7 to 12 years and less than 7 years of education had odds ratios (ORs) for untreated hypertension of 2.14 (95% CI: 1.18 to 3.90) and 2.98 (95% CI: 1.42 to 6.28), respectively (P for trend <0.05). As compared with women who had more than 12 years of education, those with 7 to 12 years and less than 7 years of education had ORs for hypertension prevalence of 1.75 (95% CI: 1.10 to 2.78) and 1.88 (95% CI: 1.12 to 3.16), respectively (P for trend <0.05). Women who worked as manual labors had an OR for uncontrolled hypertension of 1.50 (95% CI: 1.02 to 2.22) as compared with women in other jobs. There was no statistically significant association between income level and hypertension control. Conclusions Socioeconomic status was independently associated with hypertension prevalence and care, which suggests a need for health policy efforts to reduce the socioeconomic disparity in hypertension management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Hwa Cha
- Department of Family Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Vera G, Nataša D, Svetlana K, Sonja S, Jasmina G, Sonja T. Epidemiology of hypertension in Serbia: results of a National Survey. J Epidemiol 2012; 22:261-6. [PMID: 22374365 PMCID: PMC3798628 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20110077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the prevalence of high blood pressure and the level of awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in a Serbian population. METHODS A cross-sectional study of an adult population was carried out across Serbia in 2006. The study involved 14 204 adults aged 20 years or older. Interviews and measurements of blood pressure were performed at participants' homes. RESULTS Overall, 47% of the Serbian adult population had hypertension: 25.3% had stage 1 hypertension and 18.1% had stage 2 hypertension. Only 58.0% of the hypertensive population were aware that they had the disease, and 60.4% were receiving medical treatment. Among those receiving medical treatment, only 20.9% had a blood pressure within the normal range. One in 10 participants with hypertension were not treated because, among other reasons, they thought treatment was unnecessary (55.3%) or they lacked money for medication (19.3%). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of undiagnosed and untreated hypertension is high in the adult population of Serbia. Further action is required to hasten detection and treatment of high blood pressure. Attention should be directed toward educational programs that improve knowledge, attitudes, and awareness of hypertension among adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grujić Vera
- Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia.
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Blood pressure and body mass index: a comparison of the associations in the Caucasian and Asian populations. Hypertens Res 2012; 35:523-30. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2011.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Saeed AA, Al-Hamdan NA, Bahnassy AA, Abdalla AM, Abbas MAF, Abuzaid LZ. Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension among Saudi Adult Population: A National Survey. Int J Hypertens 2011; 2011:174135. [PMID: 21912737 PMCID: PMC3168271 DOI: 10.4061/2011/174135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed at estimating prevalence, awareness, treatment, control, and predictors of hypertension among Saudi adult population. Multistage stratified sampling was used to select 4758 adult participants. Three blood pressure measurements using an automatic sphygmomanometer, sociodemographics, and antihypertensive modalities were obtained. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 25.5%. Only 44.7% of hypertensives were aware, 71.8% of them received pharmacotherapy, and only 37.0% were controlled. Awareness was significantly associated with gender, age, geographical location, occupation, and comorbidity. Applying drug treatment was significantly more among older patients, but control was significantly higher among younger patients and patients with higher level of physical activity. Significant predictors of hypertension included male gender, urbanization, low education, low physical activity, obesity, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia. In conclusion prevalence is high, but awareness, treatment, and control levels are low indicating a need to develop a national program for prevention, early detection, and control of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla A Saeed
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Fahad Medical City, P.O. Box 59046, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia
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Nguyen QN, Pham ST, Nguyen VL, Wall S, Weinehall L, Bonita R, Byass P. Implementing a hypertension management programme in a rural area: local approaches and experiences from Ba-Vi district, Vietnam. BMC Public Health 2011; 11:325. [PMID: 21586119 PMCID: PMC3112133 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Costly efforts have been invested to control and prevent cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and their risk factors but the ideal solutions for low resource settings remain unclear. This paper aims at summarising our approaches to implementing a programme on hypertension management in a rural commune of Vietnam. METHODS In a rural commune, a programme has been implemented since 2006 to manage hypertensive people at the commune health station and to deliver health education on CVD risk factors to the entire community. An initial cross-sectional survey was used to screen for hypertensives who might enter the management programme. During 17 months of implementation, other people with hypertension were also followed up and treated. Data were collected from all individual medical records, including demographic factors, behavioural CVD risk factors, blood pressure levels, and number of check-ups. These data were analysed to identify factors relating to adherence to the management programme. RESULTS Both top-down and bottom-up approaches were applied to implement a hypertension management programme. The programme was able to run independently at the commune health station after 17 months. During the implementation phase, 497 people were followed up with an overall regular follow-up of 65.6% and a dropout of 14.3%. Severity of hypertension and effectiveness of treatment were the main factors influencing the decision of people to adhere to the management programme, while being female, having several behavioural CVD risk factors or a history of chronic disease were the predictors for deviating from the programme. CONCLUSION Our model showed the feasibility, applicability and future potential of a community-based model of comprehensive hypertension care in a low resource context using both top-down and bottom-up approaches to engage all involved partners. This success also highlighted the important roles of both local authorities and a cardiac care network, led by an outstanding cardiac referral centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Ngoc Nguyen
- Department of Cardiology, Hanoi Medical University, 1 Ton-That-Tung Street, Dong-Da District, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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Association of standardized estimated glomerular filtration rate with the prevalence of hypertension among adults in the United States. J Hum Hypertens 2011; 25:469-75. [DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2011.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Son PT, Quang NN, Viet NL, Khai PG, Wall S, Weinehall L, Bonita R, Byass P. Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Vietnam-results from a national survey. J Hum Hypertens 2011; 26:268-80. [PMID: 21368775 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2011.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to estimate mean blood pressure (BP), prevalence of hypertension (defined as BP ≥140/90 mm Hg) and its awareness, treatment and control in the Vietnamese adult population. This cross-sectional survey took place in eight Vietnamese provinces and cities. Multi-stage stratified sampling was used to select 9832 participants from the general population aged 25 years and over. Trained observers obtained two or three BP measurements from each person, using an automatic sphygmomanometer. Information on socio-geographical factors and anti-hypertensive medications was obtained using a standard questionnaire. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 25.1%, 28.3% in men and 23.1% in women. Among hypertensives, 48.4% were aware of their elevated BP, 29.6% had treatment and 10.7% achieved targeted BP control (<140/90 mm Hg). Among hypertensive aware, 61.1% had treatment, and among hypertensive treated, 36.3% had well control. Hypertension increased with age in both men and women. The hypertension was significantly higher in urban than in rural areas (32.7 vs 17.3%, P<0.001). Hypertension is a major and increasing public health problem in Vietnam. Prevalence among adults is high, whereas the proportions of hypertensives aware, treated and controlled were unacceptably low. These results imply an urgent need to develop national strategies to improve prevention and control of hypertension in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- P T Son
- Vietnam National Heart Institute, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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Al-Hamdan N, Saeed A, Kutbi A, Choudhry AJ, Nooh R. Characteristics, risk factors, and treatment practices of known adult hypertensive patients in saudi arabia. Int J Hypertens 2011; 2010:168739. [PMID: 21318133 PMCID: PMC3034950 DOI: 10.4061/2010/168739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 12/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective. To determine the prevalence, risk factors, characteristics, and treatment practices of known adult hypertensives in Saudi Arabia.
Methods. Cross-sectional community-based study using the WHO stepwise approach. Saudi adults were randomly chosen from Primary Health Care Centers catchment areas. Data was collected using a questionnaire which included sociodemographic data, history of hypertension, risk factors, treatment practices, biochemical and anthropometric measurements. Collected data was cheeked, computer fed, and analysed using SPSS V17. Results. Out of 4719 subjects (99.2% response), 542 (11.5%) subjects were known hypertensives or detected by health workers in the past 12 months. Hypertension was significantly associated with age, gender, geographical location, education, employment, diabetes, physical inactivity, excess body weight, and ever smoking. Multiple logistic analysis controlling for age showed that significant predictors of hypertension were diabetes mellitus, ever smoking, obesity, and hypercholesteremia. Several treatment modalities and practices were significantly associated with gender, age, education, and occupation. About 74% were under prescribed treatment by physicians, 62% on dietary modification, 37% attempted weight reduction, 27% performed physical exercise, and less than 7% used herbs, consulted traditional healers or quitted smoking. Income was not significantly associated with any treatment modality or patient practices. Conclusion. Hypertension (known and undetected) is a major chronic health problem among adults in Saudi Arabia. Many patients' practices need changes. A comprehensive approach is needed to prevent, early detect, and control the disease targeting, the risk factors, and predictors identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Al-Hamdan
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-King Fahad Medical City, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Tsai TY, Cheng JF, Lai YM. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and related factors in Taiwanese high-tech industry workers. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2011; 66:1531-5. [PMID: 22179154 PMCID: PMC3164399 DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322011000900004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In light of the increasing number of high-tech industry workers and the differences in their working conditions compared to those of the general population, the health status of these workers merits serious attention. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its correlates among Taiwanese high-tech industry workers. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 4,666 workers who participated in labor health examinations at a hospital in southern Taiwan in 2008. Participants with metabolic syndrome were defined using the criteria proposed by the Taiwan National Department of Health in 2007. Factors associated with metabolic syndrome were determined using multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 8.2%, and the prevalence was higher in men than in women (14.0% vs. 2.3%, p<0.01). Male gender, advanced age, elevated white blood count, and elevated levels of blood biochemistry markers, such as alanine aminotransferase and uric acid, can independently predict metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among high-tech industry workers is lower than in the general population. Our study's findings may facilitate early health assessments and the provision of proper workplace health promotion programs to reduce the risks faced by high-risk workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzung-Yi Tsai
- Department of Research, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taiwan.
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Shakil S, Khan AU. Infected foot ulcers in male and female diabetic patients: a clinico-bioinformative study. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2010; 9:2. [PMID: 20070911 PMCID: PMC2821376 DOI: 10.1186/1476-0711-9-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed at (i) characterizing the mode of transmission of bla(CTX-M) and bla(TEM-1) among extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from infected diabetic foot ulcers, and (ii) identifying the risk factors for "sex-associated multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacterial (MDRGNB)-infection status" of the ulcers. METHODS Seventy-seven diabetic patients having clinically infected foot ulcers were studied in a consecutive series. The E. coli strains isolated from the ulcers were screened for bla(CTX-M), bla(TEM-1), armA, rmtA and rmtB during the 2-year study-period. PCR amplified bla(CTX-M) genes were cloned and sequenced. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR was used for the analysis of genetic relatedness of the ESBL-producers. Risk factors for "sex-associated MDRGNB-infection status" of ulcers were assessed. Modeling was performed using Swiss-Model-Server and verified by Procheck and verify3D programmes. Discovery Studio2.0 (Accelrys) was used to prepare Ramachandran plots. Z-scores were calculated using 'WHAT IF'-package. Docking of cefotaxime with modeled CTX-M-15 enzyme was performed using Hex5.1. RESULTS Among 51 E. coli isolates, 14 (27.5%) ESBL-producers were identified. Only 7 Class1 integrons, 2 bla(CTX-M-15), and 1 bla(TEM-1) were detected. Ceftazidime and cefotaxime resistance markers were present on the plasmidic DNA of both the bla(CTX-M-15) positive strains and were transmissible through conjugation. The residues Asn132, Glu166, Pro167, Val172, Lys234 and Thr235 of CTX-M-15 were found to make important contacts with cefotaxime in the docked-complex. Multivariate analysis proved 'Glycemic control at discharge' as the single independent risk factor. CONCLUSIONS Male diabetic patients with MDRGNB-infected foot ulcers have poor glycemic control and hence they might have higher mortality rates compared to their female counterparts. Plasmid-mediated conjugal transfer, albeit at a low frequency might be the possible mechanism of transfer of bla(CTX-M-15) resistance marker in the present setting. Since the docking results proved that the amino acid residues Asn132, Glu166, Pro167, Val172, Lys234 and Thr235 of CTX-M-15 (enzyme) make important contacts with cefotaxime (drug) in the 'enzyme-drug complex', researchers are expected to duly utilize this information for designing more potent and versatile CTX-M-inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazi Shakil
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India-202002.
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Van Minh H, Lan Huong D, Bao Giang K, Byass P. Economic aspects of chronic diseases in Vietnam. Glob Health Action 2009; 2. [PMID: 20057939 PMCID: PMC2802774 DOI: 10.3402/gha.v2i0.1965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2009] [Revised: 09/22/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There remains a lack of information on economic aspects of chronic diseases. This paper, by gathering available and relevant research findings, aims to report and discuss current evidence on economic aspects of chronic diseases in Vietnam. Methods Data used in this paper were obtained from various information sources: international and national journal articles and studies, government documents and publications, web-based statistics and fact sheets. Results In Vietnam, chronic diseases were shown to be leading causes of deaths, accounting for 66% of all deaths in 2002. The burdens caused by chronic disease morbidity and risk factors are also substantial. Poorer people in Vietnam are more vulnerable to chronic diseases and their risk factors, other than being overweight. The estimated economic loss caused by chronic diseases for Vietnam in 2005 was about US$20 million (0.033% of annual national GDP). Chronic diseases were also shown to cause economic losses for families and individuals in Vietnam. Both population-wide and high-risk individual interventions against chronic disease were shown to be cost-effective in Vietnam. Conclusion Given the evidence from this study, actions to prevent chronic diseases in Vietnam are clearly urgent. Further research findings are required to give greater insights into economic aspects of chronic diseases in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Van Minh
- Faculty of Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Van Minh H, Soonthornthada K, Ng N, Juvekar S, Razzaque A, Ashraf A, Ahmed SM, Bich TH, Kanungsukkasem U. Blood pressure in adult rural INDEPTH population in Asia. Glob Health Action 2009; 2. [PMID: 20027254 PMCID: PMC2785103 DOI: 10.3402/gha.v2i0.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Revised: 07/25/2009] [Accepted: 07/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High blood pressure (BP) is a well-known major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and is a leading contributor to cardiovascular mortality and morbidity worldwide. Reliable population-based BP data from low-middle income countries are sparse. OBJECTIVE This paper reports BP distributions among adults in nine rural populations in five Asian countries and examines the association between high BP and associated risk factors, including gender, age, education, and body mass index. METHODS A multi-site cross-sectional study of the major non-communicable disease risk factors (tobacco and alcohol use, fruit and vegetable intake, physical activity patterns) was conducted in 2005 in nine Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) sites in five Asian countries, all part of the INDEPTH Network. In addition to the self-report questions on risk factors, height and weight, and BP were measured during household visits using standard protocols of the WHO STEPwise approach to Surveillance. RESULTS In all the study sites (except among men and women in WATCH and among women in Chililab), the mean levels of systolic BP were greater than the optimal threshold (115 mmHg). A considerable proportion of the study populations - especially those in the HDSS in India, Indonesia, and Thailand - had high BP (systolic BP >/= 140 mmHg or diastolic BP >/= 90 mmHg or on treatment with BP medications). A more conservative definition of high BP (systolic BP >/= 160 mmHg or diastolic BP >/= 100 mmHg) substantially reduced the prevalence rate. The marked differences in the proportion of the populations on high BP medication (range between 0.6 and 10.8%) raised problems in comparing the prevalence of high BP across sites when using the commonly used definition of high BP as in this study. In the four HDSS in Bangladesh, women had a higher prevalence of high BP than men; the reverse was true in the other sites (Chililab, Filabavi in Vietnam; Kanchanaburi, Thailand; and Vadu, India) where men experienced higher prevalence than women. Overweight and obesity were significantly associated with high BP, with odds ratio ranging from two in Chililab to five in Filabavi (both in Vietnam HDSS). CONCLUSION The patterns of BP in these nine cross-sectional surveys were complex, reflecting the fact that the Asian countries are at different stages of the epidemiological transition. Actions to prevent the rise of BP levels are urgently required. An emphasis should be placed on cost-effective interventions to reduce salt consumption in the population as an immediate priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Van Minh
- Filabavi Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Vietnam
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Pham LH, Au TB, Blizzard L, Truong NB, Schmidt MD, Granger RH, Dwyer T. Prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam: results from a STEPS survey. BMC Public Health 2009; 9:291. [PMID: 19671195 PMCID: PMC2907521 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-9-291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2009] [Accepted: 08/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCD) in Vietnam, information on the prevalence of preventable risk factors for NCD is restricted to the main urban centres of Ha Noi, and Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). This population-based survey aimed to describe the prevalence of risk factors for NCD in a rural Vietnamese sample. METHODS This survey was conducted using the WHO "STEPwise approach to surveillance of non-communicable diseases" (STEPS) methodology. Participants (n=1978) were residents of the Mekong Delta region selected by multi-stage sampling. Standardised international protocols were used to measure behavioural risk factors (smoking, alcohol consumption, fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity), physical characteristics (weight, height, waist and hip circumferences, blood pressure--BP), fasting blood glucose (BG) and total cholesterol (TC). Data were analysed using complex survey analysis methods. RESULTS In this sample, 8.8% of men and 12.6% of women were overweight (body mass index (BMI)>or=25 kg/m2) and 2.3% of men and 1.5% of women were obese (BMI>or=30 kg/m2). The prevalence of hypertension (systolic BP>or=140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP>or=90 mmHg, or taking medication for hypertension) was 27.3% for men and 16.2% for women. There were 1.0% of men and 1.1% of women with raised BG (defined as capillary whole BG of at least 6.1 mmol/L). CONCLUSION We provide the first NCD risk factor profile of people living in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam using standardised methodology. Our findings for this predominantly rural sample differ from previous studies conducted in Ha Noi and HCMC, and suggest that it is inappropriate to generalise findings from the big-city surveys to the other 80% of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc H Pham
- Faculty of Public Health, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam.
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Ho HH, Tsai TY, Lin CL, Wu SY, Li CY. Prevalence and Associated Factors for Metabolic Syndrome in Taiwanese Hospital Employees. Asia Pac J Public Health 2009; 23:307-14. [DOI: 10.1177/1010539509340911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is most important because of its association with subsequent development of cardiovascular diseases. However, few studies about the prevalence of MS among hospital employees had been published.The aims of our study were to examine the prevalence of MS and associated factors. The up-to-date health examination data of 1,400 hospital employees of a medical center in North Taiwan were included, and MS was defined according to the criteria that were promulgated by the National Department of Health. The overall prevalence of MS was 10.3% (21.8% males, 7.0% females). Associated factors included male gender, aging, low education, administrative employees, abnormal hemoglobin concentration, and abnormal liver function indexes. According to our study, the prevalence of MS in hospital employees was lower than the general population, and the findings could be a reference to make more efficient health-promotion programs to lower the prevalence of MS in hospital employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Hua Ho
- Departments of Nursing (HHH, TYT), Management (SYW), and Internal Medicine (CLL), Cathay General Hospital; and Department of Health Care Management, National Taipei College of Nursing (CYL), Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Yi Tsai
- Departments of Nursing (HHH, TYT), Management (SYW), and Internal Medicine (CLL), Cathay General Hospital; and Department of Health Care Management, National Taipei College of Nursing (CYL), Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ling Lin
- Departments of Nursing (HHH, TYT), Management (SYW), and Internal Medicine (CLL), Cathay General Hospital; and Department of Health Care Management, National Taipei College of Nursing (CYL), Taipei, Taiwan,
| | - Shu-Yuan Wu
- Departments of Nursing (HHH, TYT), Management (SYW), and Internal Medicine (CLL), Cathay General Hospital; and Department of Health Care Management, National Taipei College of Nursing (CYL), Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Li
- Departments of Nursing (HHH, TYT), Management (SYW), and Internal Medicine (CLL), Cathay General Hospital; and Department of Health Care Management, National Taipei College of Nursing (CYL), Taipei, Taiwan
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Hossain MP, Goyder EC, Rigby JE, El Nahas M. CKD and poverty: a growing global challenge. Am J Kidney Dis 2009; 53:166-74. [PMID: 19101400 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2007.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2008] [Accepted: 10/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 1.2 billion individuals worldwide live in extreme poverty (< $1/d), and 2.7 billion live in moderate poverty (< $2/d). Poverty is most prevalent in developing countries, but does not spare richer economies, where huge income discrepancies have been reported. Poverty is a major health care marker affecting a number of chronic, communicable, and noncommunicable diseases. Poverty and social deprivation are known to affect the predisposition, diagnosis, and management of chronic diseases; they directly impact on the prevalence of such conditions as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Also, growing evidence links poverty to chronic kidney disease (CKD). This may be caused by a direct impact of poverty on CKD or indirectly through the increased health care burden linked to poverty-associated diabetes and hypertension. Furthermore, data have shown that the poor and socially deprived have a greater prevalence of end-stage renal disease. Access to renal care, dialysis, and transplantation may also be affected by social deprivation. Overall, poverty and social deprivation are emerging as major risk markers for CKD in both developing and developed countries. Their impact on CKD warrants careful analysis because it may confound the interpretation of CKD risk factors within communities. This review therefore aims to look at the evidence linking poverty to CKD and its major risk factors, namely, diabetes and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed P Hossain
- Sheffield Kidney Institute, University of Sheffield, Herries Road, Sheffield, UK
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68
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Abstract
There is increasing evidence that immigrants and traumatized individuals have elevated prevalence of medical disease. This study focuses on 459 Vietnamese, Cambodian, Somali, and Bosnian refugee psychiatric patients to determine the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes. The prevalence of hypertension was 42% and of diabetes was 15.5%. This was significantly higher than the US norms, especially in the groups younger than 65. Diabetes and hypertension were higher in the high-trauma versus low-trauma groups. However, in the subsample with body mass index (BMI) measurements subjected to logistic regression, only BMI was related to diabetes, and BMI and age were related to hypertension. Immigrant status, presence of psychiatric disorder, history of psychological trauma, and obesity probably all contributed to the high prevalence rate. With 2.5 million refugees in the country, there is a strong public health concern for cardiovascular disease in this group.
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69
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Kakar P, Lip GYH. Towards understanding the aetiology and pathophysiology of human hypertension: where are we now? J Hum Hypertens 2006; 20:833-6. [PMID: 16929340 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1002082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Kakar
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology Unit, University Department of Medicine, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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70
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Huong DL, Van Minh H, Janlert U, Van DD, Byass P. Socio-economic status inequality and major causes of death in adults: A 5-year follow-up study in rural Vietnam. Public Health 2006; 120:497-504. [PMID: 16707143 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2006.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2005] [Revised: 03/07/2006] [Accepted: 03/10/2006] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to analyse the associations between cause-specific mortality in adults (aged 20 years and above) and socio-economic status (SES) in a rural setting of Vietnam during a time of economic transition. STUDY DESIGN The study was carried out as part of the FilaBavi demographic surveillance system, with a dynamic cohort of 50,000 inhabitants from January 1999 to December 2003. METHODS Causes of death in the adult population were derived using verbal autopsy. A Cox regression model was employed to check the association of SES with three major causes of death: communicable diseases; non-communicable diseases; and injuries. RESULTS The crude mortality rates were 9.2 and 6.6 per 1000 person-years in adult males and females, respectively. Men had higher mortality rates than women for all mortality categories and for all levels of education and household economic situation (HES). Mortality rates increased substantially with age, and showed similar age effects for all mortality categories with the strongest association for non-communicable diseases. Education was an important factor for survival in general, and high HES seemed to benefit men more than women. CONCLUSIONS Interventions and policies to reduce exposure to risk factors for non-communicable diseases are needed in low-education groups. However, further study is needed to analyse the mortality inequity across all age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao Lan Huong
- Health Strategy and Policy Institute, Ministry of Health, 138 Giang Vo Street, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Harrison
- Department of Public Health & Epidemiology, University of Birmingham, Egbaston, Birmingham, UK
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