1
|
Cai X, Li X, Liang C, Zhang M, Dong Z, Yu W. The effect of metabolism-related lifestyle and clinical risk factors on digestive system cancers in East Asian populations: a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9474. [PMID: 38658636 PMCID: PMC11043381 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60122-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic factors play a critical role in the development of digestive system cancers (DSCs), and East Asia has the highest incidence of malignant tumors in the digestive system. We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis to explore the associations between 19 metabolism-related lifestyle and clinical risk factors and DSCs, including esophageal, gastric, colorectal, hepatocellular, biliary tract, and pancreatic cancer. The causal association was explored for all combinations of each risk factor and each DSC. We gathered information on the instrumental variables (IVs) from various sources and retrieved outcome information from Biobank Japan (BBJ). The data were all from studies of east Asian populations. Finally, 17,572 DSCs cases and 195,745 controls were included. Our analysis found that genetically predicted alcohol drinking was a strong indicator of gastric cancer (odds ratio (OR) = 0.95; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.93-0.98) and hepatocellular carcinoma (OR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.05-1.18), whereas coffee consumption had a potential protective effect on hepatocellular carcinoma (OR = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.53-0.90). Triglyceride was potentially associated with a decreased risk of biliary tract cancer (OR = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.34-0.81), and uric acid was associated with pancreatic cancer risk (OR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.37-0.96). Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was associated with esophageal and gastric cancer. Additionally, there was no evidence for a causal association between other risk factors, including body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, educational levels, lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, glycine, creatinine, gout, and Graves' disease, and DSCs. The leave-one-out analysis revealed that the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs671 from the ALDH2 gene has a disproportionately high contribution to the causal association between alcohol drinking and gastric cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as the association between coffee consumption and hepatocellular carcinoma. The present study revealed multiple metabolism-related lifestyle and clinical risk factors and a valuable SNP rs671 for DSCs, highlighting the significance of metabolic factors in both the prevention and treatment of DSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianlei Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, The Lihuili Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueying Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, 315000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, The Lihuili Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Miaozun Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, The Lihuili Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhebin Dong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, The Lihuili Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiming Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, The Lihuili Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315000, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yonemori K, Fujiwara K, Hasegawa K, Yunokawa M, Ushijima K, Suzuki S, Shikama A, Minobe S, Usami T, Kim JW, Kim BG, Wang PH, Chang TC, Yamamoto K, Han S, McKenzie J, Orlowski RJ, Miura T, Makker V, Man Kim Y. Analysis of East Asia subgroup in Study 309/KEYNOTE-775: lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab versus treatment of physician's choice chemotherapy in patients with previously treated advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer. J Gynecol Oncol 2024; 35:e40. [PMID: 38302725 PMCID: PMC10948985 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2024.35.e40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the global phase 3 Study 309/KEYNOTE-775 (NCT03517449) at the first interim analysis, lenvatinib+pembrolizumab significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and objective response rate (ORR) versus treatment of physician's choice chemotherapy (TPC) in patients with previously treated advanced/recurrent endometrial cancer (EC). This exploratory analysis evaluated outcomes in patients enrolled in East Asia at the time of prespecified final analysis. METHODS Women ≥18 years with histologically confirmed advanced, recurrent, or metastatic EC with progressive disease after 1 platinum-based chemotherapy (2 if 1 given in neoadjuvant/adjuvant setting) were enrolled. Patients were randomized 1:1 to lenvatinib 20 mg orally once daily plus pembrolizumab 200 mg intravenously every 3 weeks (≤35 cycles) or TPC (doxorubicin or paclitaxel). Primary endpoints were PFS per RECIST v1.1 by blinded independent central review and OS. No alpha was assigned for this subgroup analysis. RESULTS Among 155 East Asian patients (lenvatinib+pembrolizumab, n=77; TPC, n=78), median follow-up time (data cutoff: March 1, 2022) was 34.3 (range, 25.1-43.0) months. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for PFS (lenvatinib+pembrolizumab vs. TPC) were 0.74 (0.49-1.10) and 0.64 (0.44-0.94) in the mismatch repair proficient (pMMR) and all-comer populations, respectively. HRs (95% CI) for OS were 0.68 (0.45-1.02) and 0.61 (0.41-0.90), respectively. ORRs were 36% with lenvatinib+pembrolizumab and 22% with TPC (pMMR) and 39% and 21%, respectively (all-comers). Treatment-related adverse events occurred in 97% and 96% (grade 3-5, 74% and 72%), respectively. CONCLUSION Lenvatinib+pembrolizumab provided clinically meaningful benefit with manageable safety compared with TPC, supporting its use in East Asian patients with previously treated advanced/recurrent EC. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03517449.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kan Yonemori
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Keiichi Fujiwara
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kosei Hasegawa
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mayu Yunokawa
- Department of Gynecology, Cancer Institute Hospital of JFCR, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimio Ushijima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kurume University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shiro Suzuki
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ayumi Shikama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Minobe
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Hokkaido Cancer Center, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomoka Usami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ehime University Hospital, Ehime, Japan
| | - Jae-Weon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoung-Gie Kim
- Division of Gynecologic Cancer, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Peng-Hui Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Female Cancer Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan; China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chang Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University Medical College, Kueishan, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | | | - Shirong Han
- Biostatistics & Research Decision Sciences, MSD K.K., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Takuma Miura
- Clinical Oncology, Eisai Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Vicky Makker
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yong Man Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim J, Byun JM, Hong J, Koh Y, Shin DY, Kim TM, Yoon SS, Park H, Kim I. Treatment outcomes and prognostic factors of patients with lymphoblastic lymphoma in East Asia. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37100. [PMID: 38363899 PMCID: PMC10869044 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) is a rare, aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that has no established therapeutic approaches. The aim of this study was to investigate optimal treatments and prognostic risk models for patients with LBL in East Asia. We retrospectively examined the clinical data and treatment courses of adult patients diagnosed as LBL by WHO 2017 classification system. Median overall survival (OS) of the 78 patients with LBL was 38.3 months. There was no significant difference in OS between the patients who were treated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)-like protocols and with NHL-like protocols (72.4 months vs 37.5 months, respectively, P = .546). The patients treated with ALL-like protocols had significantly shorter progression-free survival (PFS) (median 11.7 months for ALL-like protocols vs 27.0 months for NHL-like protocols, P = .030). A multivariable analysis found that central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis, relapse of CNS lesions, leukemic transformation, and response to initial treatment were risk factors for OS of patients with LBL. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation had no survival benefit, compared with chemotherapy-only treatment. Less intensive chemotherapy may be more optimal for patients in East Asia. Prophylaxis and management of CNS lesions should be emphasized throughout the treatment of LBL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Min Byun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junshik Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngil Koh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yeop Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunkyung Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nozuma S, Yoshimura A, Pai SC, Chen HJ, Matsuura E, Tanaka M, Kodama D, Dozono M, Matsuzaki T, Takashima H, Yang YC, Kubota R. Geographic characteristics of HTLV-1 molecular subgroups and genetic substitutions in East Asia: Insights from complete genome sequencing of HTLV-1 strains isolated in Taiwan and Japan. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0011928. [PMID: 38315729 PMCID: PMC10868808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Japan is a major endemic area for human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and the virus has been well-studied in this region, there is limited research on HTLV-1 in surrounding regions. In this study, we determined the complete genome sequences of HTLV-1 strains isolated from Taiwan and Japan and investigated the geographic characteristics of molecular subgroups and substitution mutations to understand the spread of HTLV-1 and its correlation with human migration. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The complete genome sequences of 26 HTLV-1 isolates from Taiwan were determined using next-generation sequencing and were compared with those of 211 isolates from Japan in terms of subgroup and genetic mutations. In total, 15/26 (58%) isolates from Taiwan belonged to the transcontinental subgroup and 11/26 (42%) isolates belonged to the Japanese subgroup. The transcontinental subgroup was significantly more prevalent among Taiwanese isolates than Japanese isolates (58% vs 18%, P < 0.0001). The mutation rate for the complete HTLV-1 sequence was as low as 0.2%. On examining individual base substitutions, the G-to-A mutation was predominant. Bayesian phylogenetic tree analysis estimated the time to the most recent common ancestor for the transcontinental and Japanese subgroups to be 28447 years. The transcontinental subgroups from Taiwan and Japan appeared to form clusters according to their respective regions. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The transcontinental subgroup of HTLV-1 is predominant in Taiwan, while the Japanese subgroup is common in Japan. The difference in subgroup distribution may be attributed to the initial spread of the transcontinental subgroup in East Asia, followed by the influx of the Japanese subgroup.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nozuma
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akiko Yoshimura
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shun-Chung Pai
- Division of Quality, Taipei Blood Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jen Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eiji Matsuura
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masakazu Tanaka
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kodama
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Mika Dozono
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Toshio Matsuzaki
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takashima
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ya-Chien Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ryuji Kubota
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim M, Shim E. Assessing the transmission potential of mpox in East Asia during 2022-2023: A focus on Taiwan, China, Japan, and South Korea. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 138:110-112. [PMID: 38008354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to estimate the transmission potential of mpox in East Asia, focusing on the hardest hit nations: Taiwan, China, Japan, and South Korea. METHODS We utilized six phenomenological dynamic growth models to fit the case incidence during the initial 30 epidemic days. The best-fit model was selected to calculate the reproduction number (R t ). Additionally, we used the latest case data and a Bayesian framework to compute the instantaneous effective R t by applying the Cori et al. METHOD RESULTS During the early phase, China demonstrated the highest estimated R t of 2.89 (95% CI: 1.44-3.33); followed by South Korea, 2.18 (95% CI: 0.96-3.57); Japan, 1.73 (95% CI: 0.66-3.94); and Taiwan, 1.36 (95% CI: 0.71-3.30). However, by June 30, 2023, estimated R t dropped below 1.00 in all countries: China at 0.05 (95% credible interval [CrI]: 0.02-0.10), Japan at 0.32 (95% CrI: 0.15-0.59), South Korea at 0.23 (95% CrI: 0.11-0.42), and Taiwan at 0.41 (95% CrI: 0.31-0.53), indicating the potential decline of the outbreak. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis shows effective containment by each country. It is crucial to sustain effective management to ensure the ultimate eradication of the outbreak.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minjin Kim
- Department of Mathematics, Soongsil University, 369 Sangdoro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunha Shim
- Department of Mathematics, Soongsil University, 369 Sangdoro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lai ETC, Chiang TL, Kim CY, Hashimoto H, Marmot M, Woo J. The determinants of longevity: The perspectives from East Asian economies. J Am Geriatr Soc 2023; 71:3338-3341. [PMID: 37218341 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.18418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric T C Lai
- Institute of Health Equity, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Tung-Liang Chiang
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yup Kim
- School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hideki Hashimoto
- Department of Health and Social Behavior, School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michael Marmot
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Health Equity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jean Woo
- Institute of Health Equity, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ng CS, Ong XJ, Au M, Lau YH, Kwok HHY, Quan J. ALDH2 polymorphism, alcohol intake and the attributable burden of cancer in East Asia: systematic review, meta-analysis, and modeling study. Ann Epidemiol 2023; 85:113-120.e20. [PMID: 37268241 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2023.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To estimate the burden of alcohol-attributable cancer in East Asian populations accounting for aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) genotype-specific cancer risk and alcohol exposure. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of eight databases on cancer risk to derive alcohol dose-response curves by ALDH2 genotype. A simulation-based approach using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) modeling framework was applied to estimate the population attributable fraction, incidence, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) lost to alcohol-attributable cancer. RESULTS We included 34 studies (66,655 participants) from China, Japan, and South Korea in the meta-analysis. Alcohol dose-response curves for liver, esophageal, and oral cavity/pharynx cancer showed an increased risk for people with the inactivated ALDH2 genetic polymorphism, resulting in a higher burden of alcohol-attributable cancer compared to GBD estimates. Our methods estimated annual incidence of cancer of 230,177 cases, an underestimate of 69,596 cases compared to GBD estimates. Similarly, total DALYs lost annually were underestimated by 1.20 million. CONCLUSIONS The burden of liver, esophageal, and oral cavity/pharynx cancer attributable to alcohol is underestimated in populations with the ALDH2 genetic polymorphism when compared to current estimates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen S Ng
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin Jiong Ong
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Minnie Au
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Ho Lau
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Harley H Y Kwok
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianchao Quan
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shi J, Shiraishi K, Choi J, Matsuo K, Chen TY, Dai J, Hung RJ, Chen K, Shu XO, Kim YT, Landi MT, Lin D, Zheng W, Yin Z, Zhou B, Song B, Wang J, Seow WJ, Song L, Chang IS, Hu W, Chien LH, Cai Q, Hong YC, Kim HN, Wu YL, Wong MP, Richardson BD, Funderburk KM, Li S, Zhang T, Breeze C, Wang Z, Blechter B, Bassig BA, Kim JH, Albanes D, Wong JYY, Shin MH, Chung LP, Yang Y, An SJ, Zheng H, Yatabe Y, Zhang XC, Kim YC, Caporaso NE, Chang J, Ho JCM, Kubo M, Daigo Y, Song M, Momozawa Y, Kamatani Y, Kobayashi M, Okubo K, Honda T, Hosgood DH, Kunitoh H, Patel H, Watanabe SI, Miyagi Y, Nakayama H, Matsumoto S, Horinouchi H, Tsuboi M, Hamamoto R, Goto K, Ohe Y, Takahashi A, Goto A, Minamiya Y, Hara M, Nishida Y, Takeuchi K, Wakai K, Matsuda K, Murakami Y, Shimizu K, Suzuki H, Saito M, Ohtaki Y, Tanaka K, Wu T, Wei F, Dai H, Machiela MJ, Su J, Kim YH, Oh IJ, Lee VHF, Chang GC, Tsai YH, Chen KY, Huang MS, Su WC, Chen YM, Seow A, Park JY, Kweon SS, Chen KC, Gao YT, Qian B, Wu C, Lu D, Liu J, Schwartz AG, Houlston R, Spitz MR, Gorlov IP, Wu X, Yang P, Lam S, Tardon A, Chen C, Bojesen SE, Johansson M, Risch A, Bickeböller H, Ji BT, Wichmann HE, Christiani DC, Rennert G, Arnold S, Brennan P, McKay J, Field JK, Shete SS, Le Marchand L, Liu G, Andrew A, Kiemeney LA, Zienolddiny-Narui S, Grankvist K, Johansson M, Cox A, Taylor F, Yuan JM, Lazarus P, Schabath MB, Aldrich MC, Jeon HS, Jiang SS, Sung JS, Chen CH, Hsiao CF, Jung YJ, Guo H, Hu Z, Burdett L, Yeager M, Hutchinson A, Hicks B, Liu J, Zhu B, Berndt SI, Wu W, Wang J, Li Y, Choi JE, Park KH, Sung SW, Liu L, Kang CH, Wang WC, Xu J, Guan P, Tan W, Yu CJ, Yang G, Sihoe ADL, Chen Y, Choi YY, Kim JS, Yoon HI, Park IK, Xu P, He Q, Wang CL, Hung HH, Vermeulen RCH, Cheng I, Wu J, Lim WY, Tsai FY, Chan JKC, Li J, Chen H, Lin HC, Jin L, Liu J, Sawada N, Yamaji T, Wyatt K, Li SA, Ma H, Zhu M, Wang Z, Cheng S, Li X, Ren Y, Chao A, Iwasaki M, Zhu J, Jiang G, Fei K, Wu G, Chen CY, Chen CJ, Yang PC, Yu J, Stevens VL, Fraumeni JF, Chatterjee N, Gorlova OY, Hsiung CA, Amos CI, Shen H, Chanock SJ, Rothman N, Kohno T, Lan Q. Genome-wide association study of lung adenocarcinoma in East Asia and comparison with a European population. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3043. [PMID: 37236969 PMCID: PMC10220065 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38196-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer. Known risk variants explain only a small fraction of lung adenocarcinoma heritability. Here, we conducted a two-stage genome-wide association study of lung adenocarcinoma of East Asian ancestry (21,658 cases and 150,676 controls; 54.5% never-smokers) and identified 12 novel susceptibility variants, bringing the total number to 28 at 25 independent loci. Transcriptome-wide association analyses together with colocalization studies using a Taiwanese lung expression quantitative trait loci dataset (n = 115) identified novel candidate genes, including FADS1 at 11q12 and ELF5 at 11p13. In a multi-ancestry meta-analysis of East Asian and European studies, four loci were identified at 2p11, 4q32, 16q23, and 18q12. At the same time, most of our findings in East Asian populations showed no evidence of association in European populations. In our studies drawn from East Asian populations, a polygenic risk score based on the 25 loci had a stronger association in never-smokers vs. individuals with a history of smoking (Pinteraction = 0.0058). These findings provide new insights into the etiology of lung adenocarcinoma in individuals from East Asian populations, which could be important in developing translational applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Shi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Kouya Shiraishi
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jiyeon Choi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tzu-Yu Chen
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Juncheng Dai
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rayjean J Hung
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kexin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology of Tianjin, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Young Tae Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Dongxin Lin
- Department of Etiology & Carcinogenesis and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Zhihua Yin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Baosen Zhou
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Center of Evidence Based Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bao Song
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jiucun Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Jie Seow
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lei Song
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - I-Shou Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Wei Hu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Li-Hsin Chien
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Nam Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi-Long Wu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Medical Research Center and Cancer Center of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maria Pik Wong
- Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Brian Douglas Richardson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Karen M Funderburk
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Shilan Li
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics & Biomathematics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tongwu Zhang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Charles Breeze
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Batel Blechter
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Bryan A Bassig
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jason Y Y Wong
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Min-Ho Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Lap Ping Chung
- Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yang Yang
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - She-Juan An
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Medical Research Center and Cancer Center of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology of Tianjin, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yasushi Yatabe
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xu-Chao Zhang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Medical Research Center and Cancer Center of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Young-Chul Kim
- Lung and Esophageal Cancer Clinic, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasuneup, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National Univerisity Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Neil E Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jiang Chang
- Department of Etiology & Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - James Chung Man Ho
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yataro Daigo
- Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, Research Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Center, and Center for Advanced Medicine against Cancer, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Minsun Song
- Department of Statistics & Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masashi Kobayashi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Okubo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Honda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dean H Hosgood
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hideo Kunitoh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harsh Patel
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Shun-Ichi Watanabe
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Miyagi
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Nakayama
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shingo Matsumoto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Hidehito Horinouchi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tsuboi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Ryuji Hamamoto
- Division of Medical AI Research and Development, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Goto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ohe
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akiteru Goto
- Department of Cellular and Organ Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Minamiya
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Megumi Hara
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Nishida
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Kenji Takeuchi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenji Wakai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Laboratory of Clinical Genome Sequencing, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Murakami
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimihiro Shimizu
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine Asahi, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Chest Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Motonobu Saito
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ohtaki
- Department of Integrative center of General Surgery, Gunma University Hospital, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kazumi Tanaka
- Department of Integrative center of General Surgery, Gunma University Hospital, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tangchun Wu
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Ministry of Education Key Lab for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fusheng Wei
- China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hongji Dai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology of Tianjin, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mitchell J Machiela
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jian Su
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Medical Research Center and Cancer Center of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yeul Hong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology/Hematology, College of Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jae Oh
- Lung and Esophageal Cancer Clinic, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasuneup, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National Univerisity Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Victor Ho Fun Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Gee-Chen Chang
- School of Medicine and Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Chest Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Huang Tsai
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Kuan-Yu Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shyan Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chou Su
- Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Min Chen
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, and school of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Adeline Seow
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jae Yong Park
- Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Seog Kweon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Jeonnam Regional Cancer Center, Chonnam National University, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Chieh Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Biyun Qian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology of Tianjin, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Wu
- Department of Etiology & Carcinogenesis and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Daru Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency of Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Richard Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Margaret R Spitz
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ivan P Gorlov
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xifeng Wu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Stephen Lam
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Chu Chen
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mattias Johansson
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Angela Risch
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- University of Salzburg and Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Bu-Tian Ji
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - H-Erich Wichmann
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Institute of Epidemiology, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - James McKay
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | | | - Sanjay S Shete
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Kjell Grankvist
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Jian-Min Yuan
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Philip Lazarus
- Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Matthew B Schabath
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Melinda C Aldrich
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hyo-Sung Jeon
- Cancer Research Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Shih Sheng Jiang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Jae Sook Sung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology/Hematology, College of Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Hsing Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Fu Hsiao
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yoo Jin Jung
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Huan Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Ministry of Education Key Lab for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Laurie Burdett
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Amy Hutchinson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Belynda Hicks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jia Liu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Bin Zhu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junwen Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Genomic Sciences, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- Department of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jin Eun Choi
- Cancer Research Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong Hwa Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology/Hematology, College of Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook Whan Sung
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang Hyun Kang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wen-Chang Wang
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peng Guan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Wen Tan
- Department of Etiology & Carcinogenesis and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chong-Jen Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Gong Yang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Ying Chen
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Young Choi
- Cancer Research Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Suk Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Il Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - In Kyu Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan Iron and Steel (Group) Corporation Staff-Worker Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Qincheng He
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chih-Liang Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Han Hung
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Roel C H Vermeulen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Iona Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Junjie Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Yen Lim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fang-Yu Tsai
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - John K C Chan
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jihua Li
- Qujing Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Qujing, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hsien-Chih Lin
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Li Jin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Norie Sawada
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kathleen Wyatt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Shengchao A Li
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhehai Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Sensen Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xuelian Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Yangwu Ren
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Ann Chao
- Center for Global Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junjie Zhu
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Ke Fei
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoping Wu
- China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chih-Yi Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Jen Chen
- Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | | | - Joseph F Fraumeni
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Olga Y Gorlova
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chao Agnes Hsiung
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Takashi Kohno
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shin H, Hertelendy AJ, Hart A, Tin D, Issa F, Hata R, Ciottone GR. Terrorism-Related Attacks in East Asia from 1970 through 2020. Prehosp Disaster Med 2023; 38:232-236. [PMID: 36710412 PMCID: PMC10027485 DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x23000109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aims to analyze and describe terrorism-related attacks in East Asia from 1970 through 2020. BACKGROUND East Asia consists of South Korea, North Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong, China, Japan, Taiwan, and Macao. According to the Global Terrorism Index (GTI) 2022, the impact of terrorism in East Asia is very low. However, the assassination of former Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe on July 8, 2022 demonstrates that East Asia is not safe from terrorist attacks. This descriptive analysis of terrorist attacks in East Asia will help first responders, Emergency Medical Services (EMS), hospital-based medical providers, and policymakers establish a more refined hazard vulnerability assessment (HVA) framework and develop a Counter-Terrorism Medicine (CTM) mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery plan. METHODS This is a descriptive observational study drawing data from the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) from January 1, 1970 through December 31, 2020. Epidemiology outcomes included primary weapon type, primary target type, the country where the incident occurred, and the number of total deaths and injured collected. Data from 2021 were not yet available at the time of this study. Results were exported into an Excel spreadsheet (Microsoft Corp.; Redmond, Washington USA) for analysis. RESULTS There were 779 terrorism-related events in East Asia from 1970 through 2020. In total, the attacks resulted in 1,123 deaths and 9,061 persons injured. The greatest number of attacks (371; 47.63%) occurred in Japan and the second most occurred in China (268; 34.4%). Explosives were the most used primary weapon type (308; 39.54%) in the region, followed by incendiary devices (260; 33.38%). Terrorist attacks drastically diminished from their peak of 92 in 1990, but there were additional peaks of 88 in 1996, 18 in 2000, 20 in 2008, and 36 attacks in 2014. CONCLUSIONS A total of 779 terrorist attacks occurred from 1970 through 2020 in East Asia, resulting in 1,123 deaths and 9,061 injuries. Of those, 82.03% attacks occurred in Japan and China. Terrorist attacks drastically diminished since their peak in 1996, but there is an overall uptrend in attacks since 1999.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heejun Shin
- BIDMC Disaster Medicine Fellowship, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MassachusettsUSA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MassachusettsUSA
| | - Attila J Hertelendy
- BIDMC Disaster Medicine Fellowship, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MassachusettsUSA
- Department of Information Systems and Business Analytics, College of Business, Florida International University, Miami, Florida USA
| | - Alexander Hart
- BIDMC Disaster Medicine Fellowship, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MassachusettsUSA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Derrick Tin
- BIDMC Disaster Medicine Fellowship, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MassachusettsUSA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MassachusettsUSA
- Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fadi Issa
- BIDMC Disaster Medicine Fellowship, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MassachusettsUSA
| | - Ryan Hata
- BIDMC Disaster Medicine Fellowship, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MassachusettsUSA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MassachusettsUSA
| | - Gregory R Ciottone
- BIDMC Disaster Medicine Fellowship, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MassachusettsUSA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MassachusettsUSA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Marjenberg Z, Wright C, Pooley N, Cheung KW, Shimakawa Y, Vargas-Zambrano JC, Vidor E. Hepatitis B surface antigen prevalence and the rates of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus after the introduction of infant vaccination programs in South East Asia and Western Pacific regions: a systematic review. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 124:65-75. [PMID: 36089151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Infant vaccination against the hepatitis B virus began in the World Health Organization South East Asia Region and the Western Pacific Region between 1983 and 2016. This systematic review examined the seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in children and the rate of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) in these regions between 1990 and 2020. METHODS MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for articles published between January 1990 and September 2020, which reported seroprevalence of HBsAg in children aged 0-15 years and/or the rate of MTCT in the South East Asia Region and Western Pacific Region. A pragmatic review identified supporting information. This review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (#CRD42020211707). RESULTS Of 115 included studies, 77 (24 countries) reported HBsAg prevalence, and 38 (nine countries) reported MTCT. The seroprevalence of HBsAg ranged between 0.0% and 27.4%, with a decreasing trend over time in each country. MTCT rates were 0.0-5.2% in infants of mothers who are hepatitis B e antigen-negative and 2.7-53.0% in infants of mothers who are hepatitis B e antigen-positive. CONCLUSION After the introduction of infant hepatitis B virus vaccination programs, the countries in South East Asia Region and Western Pacific Region observed a reduction in HBsAg seroprevalence in children. Nevertheless, the risk of MTCT persists, emphasizing the importance of antenatal screening to identify high-risk pregnancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ciara Wright
- Maverex Limited, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Nick Pooley
- Maverex Limited, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Ka Wang Cheung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yusuke Shimakawa
- Unité d'Épidémiologie des Maladies Émergentes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Isoda N, Onuma M, Hiono T, Sobolev I, Lim HY, Nabeshima K, Honjyo H, Yokoyama M, Shestopalov A, Sakoda Y. Detection of New H5N1 High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Viruses in Winter 2021-2022 in the Far East, Which Are Genetically Close to Those in Europe. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102168. [PMID: 36298722 PMCID: PMC9606862 DOI: 10.3390/v14102168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) cases in wild birds due to H5N1 HPAI virus (HPAIV) infection were reported in northern Japan in the winter of 2021-2022. To investigate the epidemiology of HPAIVs brought to Japan from surrounding areas, a genetic analysis of H5 HPAIVs isolated in northern Japan was performed, and the pathogenicity of the HPAIV in chickens was assessed by experimental infection. Based on the genetic analysis of the hemagglutinin gene, pathogenic viruses detected in northern Japan as well as one in Sakhalin, the eastern part of Russia, were classified into the same subgroup as viruses prevalent in Europe in the same season but distinct from those circulating in Asia in winter 2020-2021. High identities of all eight segment sequences of A/crow/Hokkaido/0103B065/2022 (H5N1) (Crow/Hok), the representative isolates in northern Japan in 2022, to European isolates in the same season could also certify the unlikeliness of causing gene reassortment between H5 HPAIVs and viruses locally circulating in Asia. According to intranasal challenge results in six-week-old chickens, 50% of the chicken-lethal dose of Crow/Hok was calculated as 104.5 times of the 50% egg-infectious dose. These results demonstrated that the currently prevalent H5 HPAIVs could spread widely from certain origins throughout the Eurasian continent, including Europe and the Far East, and implied a possibility that contagious viruses are gathered in lakes in the northern territory via bird migration. Active monitoring of wild birds at the global level is essential to estimate the geographical source and spread dynamics of HPAIVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norikazu Isoda
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Hokkaido, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita 20, Nishi 11, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Manabu Onuma
- Ecological Risk Assessment and Control Section for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem, Biology Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa 16-2, Tsukuba 305-8506, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hiono
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Hokkaido, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita 20, Nishi 11, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ivan Sobolev
- Institute of Virology of the Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk State University, Bild 2, Timakova St., Novosibirsk 630117, Russia
| | - Hew Yik Lim
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kei Nabeshima
- Ecological Risk Assessment and Control Section for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem, Biology Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa 16-2, Tsukuba 305-8506, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hisako Honjyo
- Ecological Risk Assessment and Control Section for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem, Biology Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa 16-2, Tsukuba 305-8506, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Misako Yokoyama
- Ecological Risk Assessment and Control Section for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem, Biology Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa 16-2, Tsukuba 305-8506, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Alexander Shestopalov
- Institute of Virology of the Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk State University, Bild 2, Timakova St., Novosibirsk 630117, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (Y.S.); Tel./Fax: +7-383-335-9405 (A.S.); Tel.: +81-11-706-5207 (Y.S.); Fax: +81-11-706-5273 (Y.S.)
| | - Yoshihiro Sakoda
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Hokkaido, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita 20, Nishi 11, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Hokkaido, Japan
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (Y.S.); Tel./Fax: +7-383-335-9405 (A.S.); Tel.: +81-11-706-5207 (Y.S.); Fax: +81-11-706-5273 (Y.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Khanal S, Kassem AM, Bahl S, Jayantha L, Sangal L, Sharfuzzaman M, Bose AS, Antoni S, Datta D, Alexander JP. Progress Toward Measles Elimination — South-East Asia Region, 2003–2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022; 71:1042-1046. [PMID: 35980874 PMCID: PMC9400531 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7133a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
13
|
Shibuya K, Tan CC, Chun AY, Leung GM. Global human security in the post-COVID-19 era: The rising role of East Asia. PLoS Med 2022; 19:e1003939. [PMID: 35834572 PMCID: PMC9282514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Kenji Shibuya and coauthors discuss the potential contribution of East Asian countries to global health in the light of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Shibuya
- Soma COVID Vaccination Medical Center, Soma City, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Chorh Chuan Tan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Asaph Young Chun
- Statistics Research Institute | Statistics Korea, Daejeon, The Republic of Korea
| | - Gabriel M. Leung
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D4H), Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tan TMM, Khoo B. Steps to redressing an imbalance: GLP-1 analogues for obesity in east Asia. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2022; 10:153-154. [PMID: 35131036 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(22)00038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tricia M-M Tan
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK.
| | - Bernard Khoo
- Endocrinology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Weight-for-height z score (WHZ) is a standard indicator of children's nutritional status even though it does not fully reflect body fat. OBJECTIVE To examine the combined association of WHZ and body fat with early development in the East Asia and Pacific region. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Children from the East Asia-Pacific Early Child Development Scales validation study, with full data available regarding their nutritional status and outcomes, were included in this cross-sectional analysis. In brief, a multilevel stratified random sampling was used to select representative samples from each participating country in the study. WHZ and body fat were independently trichotomized using established references and were combined to form a 9-category exposure variable. Data collection was performed between 2012 and 2014, and the analyses were conducted in June 2021. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The binary outcome variable of not being developmentally on track (hereafter referred to as poor development) was defined as a score less than the 25th percentile in the following domains: cognitive, language, socioemotional, motor development, and total development score. Poisson regression models were used to analyze the associations between the combined categories and poor development, adjusted for sociodemographic factors. RESULTS A total of 6815 children (mean [SD] age, 4.02 [0.8] years; 3434 girls [50.4%]) had full data available and were included in this study. Compared with children with normal weight and normal fat, those with wasting and low body fat had the highest likelihood of total poor development (prevalence ratio, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.28-1.70), followed by those with normal weight but low fat (prevalence ratio, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.11-1.36). Similar associations were found in language, cognitive, and socioemotional development, but not in motor development. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Poor development was more commonly found in children with low body fat independent of WHZ (wasted or normal weight). Early public health strategies may consider using a combination of WHZ and body fat as an indicator of poor development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Petermann-Rocha
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Nirmala Rao
- Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jill P. Pell
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Celis-Morales
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Centre of Exercise Physiology Research, Universidad Mayor, Providencia, Chile
- Laboratorio de Rendimiento Humano, Grupo de Estudio en Educación, Actividad Física y Salud, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Ian C. K. Wong
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- University College London School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frederick K. Ho
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Ip
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang Z, Zhu R, Lai X, Chen W, Zhuang J. The incidence of elder abuse under East Asian cultural background: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2022; 37. [PMID: 34695267 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Elder abuse (EA) is a critical social, health, and economic issue worldwide. To date, there is limited information on EA in certain similar culture-specific subpopulations, especially in East Asia. This study aims to summarize EA incidence in East Asia through a systematic review and meta-analysis and identify its variations and heterogeneity in the incidence estimates. METHODS/DESIGN The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol. Systematic review registration number PROSPERO CRD42020197131. A systematic literature search was performed to identify relevant articles published before July 5th, 2020, from six electronic databases. Two reviewers screened for relevance of the studies against eligible criteria and assessed the bias of the included studies independently. A random-effect model was adopted to estimate the incidence of EA, followed by subgroup analyses and multi meta-regression. Sensitivity and publication bias tests were performed to verify the robustness of the meta-analysis by Stata version 15.1. RESULTS Twelve eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis, which involved 79,395 subjects from 3 East Asian countries (China, Japan, and South Korea) ranging from 2004 to 2020. The overall incidence of EA was 78.33 per 1000 person-year (95% CI: 39.12-156.87) with high between-study variability (χ2 = 15,568, d.f. = 11, p<0.001; I2 = 99.9%). The sampling method, sample size, scope, instrument, data collection method, income classification, types of participants, and urbanity are all the sources of heterogeneity, which can explain nearly 100% of the variance between studies. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of EA in this study is not as high as the global level. It may be furtherly underestimated in East Asia due to cultural norms. It is imperative to develop a culture-tailored EA assessment instrument to evaluate potential victims. Future studies should also identify more effective educational programs to raise the public's awareness and promote recognition ability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuzhu Wang
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaolan Lai
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wencong Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Jiayuan Zhuang
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lee JK. Hygiene Hypothesis as the Etiology of Kawasaki Disease: Dysregulation of Early B Cell Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212334. [PMID: 34830213 PMCID: PMC8622879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis that occurs predominantly in children under 5 years of age. Despite much study, the etiology of KD remains unknown. However, epidemiological and immunological data support the hygiene hypothesis as a possible etiology. It is thought that more sterile or clean modern living environments due to increased use of sanitizing agents, antibiotics, and formula feeding result in a lack of immunological challenges, leading to defective or dysregulated B cell development, accompanied by low IgG and high IgE levels. A lack of B cell immunity may increase sensitivity to unknown environmental triggers that are nonpathogenic in healthy individuals. Genetic studies of KD show that all of the KD susceptibility genes identified by genome-wide association studies are involved in B cell development and function, particularly in early B cell development (from the pro-B to pre-B cell stage). The fact that intravenous immunoglobulin is an effective therapy for KD supports this hypothesis. In this review, I discuss clinical, epidemiological, immunological, and genetic studies showing that the etiopathogenesis of KD in infants and toddlers can be explained by the hygiene hypothesis, and particularly by defects or dysregulation during early B cell development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Keuk Lee
- Asan Medical Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ali G, Abbas S, Qamer FM, Irteza SM. Environmental spatial heterogeneity of the impacts of COVID-19 on the top-20 metropolitan cities of Asia-Pacific. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20339. [PMID: 34645879 PMCID: PMC8514535 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99546-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the environmental spatial heterogeneity of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and spatial and temporal changes among the top-20 metropolitan cities of the Asia-Pacific. Remote sensing-based assessment is performed to analyze before and during the lockdown amid COVID-19 lockdown in the cities. Air pollution and mobility data of each city (Bangkok, Beijing, Busan, Dhaka, Delhi, Ho Chi Minh, Hong Kong, Karachi, Mumbai, Seoul, Shanghai, Singapore, Tokyo, Wuhan, and few others) have been collected and analyzed for 2019 and 2020. Results indicated that almost every city was impacted positively regarding environmental emissions and visible reduction were found in Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations before and during lockdown periods of 2020 as compared to those of 2019. The highest NO2 emission reduction (~ 50%) was recorded in Wuhan city during the lockdown of 2020. AOD was highest in Beijing and lowest in Colombo (< 10%). Overall, 90% movement was reduced till mid-April, 2020. A 98% reduction in mobility was recorded in Delhi, Seoul, and Wuhan. This analysis suggests that smart mobility and partial shutdown policies could be developed to reduce environmental pollutions in the region. Wuhan city is one of the benchmarks and can be replicated for the rest of the Asian cities wherever applicable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghaffar Ali
- College of Management, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Sawaid Abbas
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Faisal Mueen Qamer
- International Center for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), Kathmandu, 44700, Nepal
| | - Syed Muhammad Irteza
- Remote Sensing, GIS and Climatic Research Lab (RSGCRL), National Center of GIS and Space Applications, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Venturini C, Houldcroft CJ, Lazareva A, Wegner F, Morfopoulou S, Amrolia PJ, Golwala Z, Rao A, Marks SD, Simmonds J, Yoshikawa T, Farrell PJ, Cohen JI, Worth AJ, Breuer J. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) deletions as biomarkers of response to treatment of chronic active EBV. Br J Haematol 2021; 195:249-255. [PMID: 34431085 PMCID: PMC8589012 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (CAEBV) disease is a rare condition characterised by persistent EBV infection in previously healthy individuals. Defective EBV genomes were found in East Asian patients with CAEBV. In the present study, we sequenced 14 blood EBV samples from three UK patients with CAEBV, comparing the results with saliva CAEBV samples and other conditions. We observed EBV deletions in blood, some of which may disrupt viral replication, but not saliva in CAEBV. Deletions were lost overtime after successful treatment. These findings are compatible with CAEBV being associated with the evolution and persistence of EBV+ haematological clones that are lost on successful treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arina Lazareva
- Bone Marrow Transplantation DepartmentGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Fanny Wegner
- Applied Microbiology ResearchDepartment of BiomedicineUniversity of BaselSwitzerland
- Clinical Bacteriology and MycologyUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Persis J. Amrolia
- Bone Marrow Transplantation DepartmentGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Zainab Golwala
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustUK
| | - Anupama Rao
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustUK
| | - Stephen D. Marks
- Department of Paediatric NephrologyGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustUK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research CentreUniversity College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Jacob Simmonds
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustUK
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of PediatricsFujita Health University School of MedicineToyoakeJapan
| | - Paul J. Farrell
- Section of VirologyDepartment of Infectious DiseaseImperial College Faculty of MedicineLondonUK
| | - Jeffrey I. Cohen
- Laboratory of Infectious DiseaseNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Austen J. Worth
- Department of ImmunologyGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Judith Breuer
- Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustUK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kim H, Bae JH, Park KS, Sung J, Kwak SH. DNA Methylation Changes Associated With Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Kidney Disease in an East Asian Population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e3837-e3851. [PMID: 34214161 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT There is a growing body of evidence that epigenetic changes including DNA methylation influence the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its microvascular complications. OBJECTIVE We conducted a methylome-wide association study (MWAS) to identify differentially methylated sites (DMSs) of T2D and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in a Korean population. METHODS We performed an MWAS in 232 participants with T2D and 197 nondiabetic controls with the Illumina EPIC bead chip using peripheral blood leukocytes. The T2D group was subdivided into 87 DKD patients and 80 non-DKD controls. An additional 819 individuals from 2 population-based cohorts were used to investigate the association of identified DMSs with quantitative metabolic phenotypes. A mendelian randomization (MR) approach was applied to evaluate the causal effect of metabolic phenotypes on identified DMSs. RESULTS We identified 8 DMSs (each at BMP8A, NBPF20, STX18, ZNF365, CPT1A, and TRIM37, and 2 at TXNIP) that were significantly associated with the risk of T2D (P < 9.0 × 10-8), including 3 that were previously known (DMSs in TXNIP and CPT1A). We also identified 3 DMSs (in COMMD1, TMOD1, and FHOD1) associated with DKD. With our limited sample size, we were not able to observe a significant overlap between DMSs of T2D and DKD. DMSs in TXNIP and CTP1A were associated with fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin A1c. In MR analysis, fasting glucose was causally associated with DMS in CPT1A. CONCLUSION In an East Asian population, we identified 8 DMSs, including 5 novel CpG loci, associated with T2D and 3 DMSs associated with DKD at methylome-wide statistical significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hakyung Kim
- Genome & Health Big Data Branch, Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohon Sung
- Genome & Health Big Data Branch, Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Heon Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Souilmi Y, Lauterbur ME, Tobler R, Huber CD, Johar AS, Moradi SV, Johnston WA, Krogan NJ, Alexandrov K, Enard D. An ancient viral epidemic involving host coronavirus interacting genes more than 20,000 years ago in East Asia. Curr Biol 2021; 31:3504-3514.e9. [PMID: 34171302 PMCID: PMC8223470 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has emphasized the vulnerability of human populations to novel viral pressures, despite the vast array of epidemiological and biomedical tools now available. Notably, modern human genomes contain evolutionary information tracing back tens of thousands of years, which may help identify the viruses that have impacted our ancestors-pointing to which viruses have future pandemic potential. Here, we apply evolutionary analyses to human genomic datasets to recover selection events involving tens of human genes that interact with coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, that likely started more than 20,000 years ago. These adaptive events were limited to the population ancestral to East Asian populations. Multiple lines of functional evidence support an ancient viral selective pressure, and East Asia is the geographical origin of several modern coronavirus epidemics. An arms race with an ancient coronavirus, or with a different virus that happened to use similar interactions as coronaviruses with human hosts, may thus have taken place in ancestral East Asian populations. By learning more about our ancient viral foes, our study highlights the promise of evolutionary information to better predict the pandemics of the future. Importantly, adaptation to ancient viral epidemics in specific human populations does not necessarily imply any difference in genetic susceptibility between different human populations, and the current evidence points toward an overwhelming impact of socioeconomic factors in the case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Souilmi
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; National Centre for Indigenous Genomics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - M Elise Lauterbur
- University of Arizona Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ray Tobler
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Christian D Huber
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Angad S Johar
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Shayli Varasteh Moradi
- CSIRO-QUT Synthetic Biology Alliance, Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Wayne A Johnston
- CSIRO-QUT Synthetic Biology Alliance, Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kirill Alexandrov
- CSIRO-QUT Synthetic Biology Alliance, Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.
| | - David Enard
- University of Arizona Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bairkdar M, Rossides M, Westerlind H, Hesselstrand R, Arkema EV, Holmqvist M. Incidence and prevalence of systemic sclerosis globally: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:3121-3133. [PMID: 33630060 PMCID: PMC8516513 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the incidence and prevalence of SSc covering the entire literature. METHODS This study followed the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement of 2009. We conducted a systematic search in MEDLINE, Web of Science and Embase to identify articles reporting incidence and/or prevalence of SSc. Two authors conducted the search, reviewed articles for inclusion and extracted relevant data. We used random-effects models to estimate the pooled prevalence and incidence of SSc and performed subgroup analyses by sex, case definition and region to investigate heterogeneity. We explored the association between calendar period and reported estimates using meta-regression. RESULTS Among 6983 unique records identified, we included 61 studies of prevalence and 39 studies of incidence in the systematic review. The overall pooled prevalence of SSc was 17.6 (95% CI 15.1, 20.5) per 100 000 and the overall pooled incidence rate of SSc was 1.4 (95% CI 1.1, 1.9) per 100 000 person-years. We observed significant regional variations in reported estimates; studies conducted in North America reported considerably higher estimates than other regions. The pooled incidence and prevalence in women were five times higher than in men. More recent studies reported higher estimates than older ones. CONCLUSION In this comprehensive review of the incidence and prevalence of SSc across the world, there was large heterogeneity among estimates, which should be taken into consideration when interpreting the results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majd Bairkdar
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - Marios Rossides
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - Helga Westerlind
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - Roger Hesselstrand
- Section for Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund
| | - Elizabeth V Arkema
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - Marie Holmqvist
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Liu J, Zhang B, Chen M, Zheng B. High-dose statin pretreatment decreases periprocedural myocardial infarction and cardiovascular events in East Asian patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: A meta-analysis of fifteen randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26278. [PMID: 34160392 PMCID: PMC8238325 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have shown that high-dose statin pretreatment may reduce the risk of periprocedural myocardial infarction (PMI) and short-term major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in western people undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, the effects in East Asian patients are still controversial. The objective was to evaluate the effects of short-term high-dose statin (all types) pretreatment compared with the control (low-dose or no statin) on the reduction of the rate of MACE and PMI in East Asian patients. METHODS PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in East Asian patients up to December 2019, in which short-term high-dose statin pretreatment was compared with control for patients undergoing PCI. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of MACE at 30 days. The secondary outcome measure was the incidence of PMI. The meta-analysis was performed with the fixed-effect model or random-effects model according to the heterogeneity. The meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software (Cochrane Collaboration). RESULTS Fifteen RCTs that enrolled 4313 East Asian patients were identified. High-dose statin pretreatment was associated with a 54% relative reduction in 30-day MACE (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.31-0.67; P < .001) and a 50% relative reduction in PMI (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.34-0.76; P = .001). CONCLUSIONS High-dose statin pretreatment can significantly reduce 30-day MACE and PMI for East Asian patients undergoing PCI.
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
The genus Bandavirus consists of seven tick-borne bunyaviruses, among which four are known to infect humans. Dabie bandavirus, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), poses serious threats to public health worldwide. SFTSV is a tick-borne virus mainly reported in China, South Korea, and Japan with a mortality rate of up to 30%. To date, most immunology-related studies focused on the antagonistic role of SFTSV non-structural protein (NSs) in sequestering RIG-I-like-receptors (RLRs)-mediated type I interferon (IFN) induction and type I IFN mediated signaling pathway. It is still elusive whether the interaction of SFTSV and other conserved innate immune responses exists. As of now, no specific vaccines or therapeutics are approved for SFTSV prevention or treatments respectively, in part due to a lack of comprehensive understanding of the molecular interactions occurring between SFTSV and hosts. Hence, it is necessary to fully understand the host-virus interactions including antiviral responses and viral evasion mechanisms. In this review, we highlight the recent progress in understanding the pathogenesis of SFTS and speculate underlying novel mechanisms in response to SFTSV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue-jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yan P, Wang Y, Yu X, Liu Y, Zhang ZJ. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and risk of head and neck cancer subtypes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Acta Diabetol 2021; 58:549-565. [PMID: 33389127 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-020-01643-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and risk of head and neck cancer (HNC) remains unclear. This study aims to perform a system review and meta-analysis to explore this relationship. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched for studies published up to July 31, 2020, regarding the association between T2DM and HNC risk. A random-effects model was utilized to calculate summary relative risks (RRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Fourteen case-control studies and thirteen cohort studies were included in our analysis. We observed a weak association between T2DM and risk of HNC overall, but there was no statistical significance (RR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.88-1.23; I2 = 83.2%). Interestingly, there was a strong association in East Asia (RR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.21-1.77; I2 = 36.6%). For HNC subtypes, T2DM conferred a significantly elevated risk in oral cancer (RR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.01-1.47; I2 = 89.0%). However, in subgroup analyses of smoking, alcohol use, and body mass index (BMI)/obesity adjustments, the association between T2DM and oral cancer risk became insignificant. In addition, T2DM was not associated with a statistically elevated risk of pharyngeal cancer (RR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.94-1.49; I2 = 72.9%) and laryngeal cancer (RR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.88-1.22; I2 = 71.2%). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis indicates that T2DM is associated with an increased risk of HNC in East Asia. As for site-specific cancer types, the risk of oral cancer was significantly increased in T2DM patients, which appear to be mediated or confounded by smoking, alcohol use, or BMI/obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Yan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, No. 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yongbo Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, No. 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xue Yu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, No. 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Statistics and Management, School of Management, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Zhi-Jiang Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, No. 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chossière GP, Xu H, Dixit Y, Isaacs S, Eastham SD, Allroggen F, Speth RL, Barrett SRH. Air pollution impacts of COVID-19-related containment measures. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabe1178. [PMID: 34020946 PMCID: PMC8139585 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe1178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Responses to the COVID-19 outbreak resulted in one of the largest short-term decreases in anthropogenic emissions in modern history. To date, there has been no comprehensive assessment of the impact of lockdowns on air quality and human health. Using global satellite observations and ground measurements from 36 countries in Europe, North America, and East Asia, we find that lockdowns led to reductions in NO2 concentrations globally, resulting in ~32,000 avoided premature mortalities, including ~21,000 in China. However, we do not find corresponding reductions in PM2.5 and ozone globally. Using satellite measurements, we show that the disconnect between NO2 and ozone changes stems from local chemical regimes. The COVID-related lockdowns demonstrate the need for targeted air quality policies to reduce the global burden of air pollution, especially related to secondary pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume P Chossière
- Laboratory for Aviation and the Environment, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Haofeng Xu
- Laboratory for Aviation and the Environment, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yash Dixit
- Laboratory for Aviation and the Environment, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Stewart Isaacs
- Laboratory for Aviation and the Environment, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sebastian D Eastham
- Laboratory for Aviation and the Environment, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Florian Allroggen
- Laboratory for Aviation and the Environment, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Raymond L Speth
- Laboratory for Aviation and the Environment, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Steven R H Barrett
- Laboratory for Aviation and the Environment, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Song Y, Lobene AJ, Wang Y, Hill Gallant KM. The DASH Diet and Cardiometabolic Health and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Narrative Review of the Evidence in East Asian Countries. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030984. [PMID: 33803731 PMCID: PMC8003274 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising incidence of cardiometabolic diseases and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a leading public health problem in East Asia. Diet is an important modifiable risk factor; thus, adopting a healthy diet such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet may help combat these chronic diseases. The DASH diet was originally developed in a U.S. population, and East Asia is demographically and culturally different from the U.S. Therefore, it is important to examine the evidence regarding the DASH diet and chronic disease in this unique population. This narrative review summarizes the evidence on the DASH diet and cardiometabolic health and CKD in East Asia. Culturally-modified DASH diets have been developed in some East Asian countries. Studies suggest the DASH diet is effective at lowering blood pressure in this population, though the long-term benefits remain unclear. Evidence also suggests the DASH diet may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Further research indicates the DASH diet and its components may reduce CKD risk. However, recommending the DASH diet in those who already have CKD is controversial, as it conflicts with current CKD dietary guidelines, especially in advanced CKD. Notably, current intakes in the general population differ from the DASH dietary pattern, suggesting public health efforts would be needed to encourage adoption of the DASH diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yazhen Song
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Andrea J. Lobene
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19713, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Yanfang Wang
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Kathleen M. Hill Gallant
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ho CWL, Caals K, Zhang H. Heralding the Digitalization of Life in Post-Pandemic East Asian Societies. J Bioeth Inq 2020; 17:657-661. [PMID: 33169256 PMCID: PMC7651810 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-020-10050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Following the outbreak of what would become the COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing measures were quickly introduced across East Asia-including drastic shelter-in-place orders in some cities-drawing on experience with the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) almost two decades ago. "Smart City" technologies and other digital tools were quickly deployed for infection control purposes, ranging from conventional thermal scanning cameras to digital tracing in the surveillance of at-risk individuals. Chatbots endowed with artificial intelligence have also been deployed to shift part of healthcare provision away from hospitals and to support a number of programmes for self-management of chronic disease in the community. With the closure of schools and adults working from home, digital technologies have also sustained many aspects of both professional and social life at a pace and scale not considered to be practicable before the outbreak. This paper considers how these new experiences with digital technologies in public health surveillance are spurring digitalization in East Asian societies beyond the conventional public health context. It also considers some of the concerns and challenges that are likely to arise with rapid digitalization, particularly in healthcare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Calvin Wai-Loon Ho
- Faculty of Law and Centre for Medical Ethics and Law, The University of Hong Kong, Cheng Yu Tung Tower, Centennial Campus, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong S.A.R., People's Republic of China.
| | - Karel Caals
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Block MD11, Clinical Research Centre #02-03, 10 Medical Drive, 117597, Singapore
| | - Haihong Zhang
- Health Science Center, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yamamoto N, Bauer G. Apparent difference in fatalities between Central Europe and East Asia due to SARS-COV-2 and COVID-19: Four hypotheses for possible explanation. Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:110160. [PMID: 32795831 PMCID: PMC7403102 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The comparison of the numbers of cases and deaths due to SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 shows that people in Central Europe are much more affected than people in East Asia where the disease originally occurred. Trying to explain this difference, this communication presents four hypotheses that propose the following reasons for the observed findings: 1) Differences in social behaviors and cultures of people in the two regions; 2) Possible outbreak of virulent viruses in Central Europe due to multiple viral infection, and the involvement of immuno-virological factors associated with it, 3) Possibility of corona resistance gene mutation occurring among East Asians as a result of long-term co-evolution of virus and host, and 4) possible involvement of hygienic factors. Direct or indirect supportive evidences for each one of our hypotheses are presented and experimental approaches for their evaluation are discussed. Finally, we suggest that the dynamics of the pandemic also shows that the problems of the new coronavirus can be overcome due to people's awareness of the epidemics, rational viral diagnostics and a high level of medical care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
| | - Georg Bauer
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder Str. 11, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
IMPORTANCE There is insufficient evidence on the efficacy of masks in the general population for the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in public areas. Therefore, it is imperative to investigate the association of mandatory mask-wearing policies with behaviors associated with the transmission of COVID-19. OBJECTIVE To assess the association of mask wearing with face-touching behavior among the general population in public areas. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional study used videos recorded in public transportation stations, streets, and parks among the general population in China, Japan, South Korea, Western Europe (ie, England, France, Germany, Spain, and Italy), and the US to analyze mask-wearing and face-touching behavior in public areas. Videos before the COVID-19 pandemic were defined as those recorded from January 2018 to October 2019, and those during the COVID-19 pandemic were defined as those recorded during February 2020 to March 2020 in China, Japan, and South Korea and during March 2020 in Western Europe and the US. Individuals who clearly displayed their face and face-touching behavior were included, and those whose behaviors were influenced by filming or public events were excluded. EXPOSURES Mandatory mask-wearing policies enacted at various time points in China, Japan, South Korea, Western Europe, and the US. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Proportion of individuals wearing masks and incidence of face touching. RESULTS This study included 4699 individuals before the COVID-19 pandemic and 2887 individuals during the pandemic. During the periods studied, mask wearing increased in all regions except the US, from 20 of 1745 individuals (1.1%) to 1090 of 1097 individuals (99.4%) in mainland China (P < .001), 44 of 1422 individuals (3.1%) to 346 of 893 individuals (38.7%) in Japan (P < .001), 6 of 717 individuals (0.8%) to 277 of 324 individuals (85.5% ) in South Korea (P < .001), 1 of 546 individuals (0.2%) to 6 of 379 individuals (1.6%) in Western Europe (P = .02), and 1 of 269 individuals (0.4%) to 4 of 194 individuals (2.1%) in the US (P = .17). Surgical masks were predominant in China (989 masks [89.1%]), and fabric masks were predominant in the other regions (Japan: 371 masks [95.1%]; South Korea: 240 masks [84.8%]; Western Europe: 6 masks [85.7%]; US: 5 masks [100%]). Face-touching behaviors decreased from before COVID-19 to during COVID-19 among individuals in China (72 incidences of 1745 observations [4.1%] to 12 incidences of 1097 observations [1.1%]; P < .001), South Korea (80 incidences of 717 observations [11.2%] to 7 incidences of 324 observations [2.2%]; P < .001), and Europe (62 incidences of 546 observations [11.4%] to 23 incidences of 379 observations [6.1%]; P = .01). Logistic regression found that mask wearing was associated with a reduction in face touching in China (odds ratio [OR], 3.91; 95% CI, 2.11-7.24) and South Korea (OR, 6.69; 95% CI, 2.69-16.69) and of touching the nose, mouth, and eyes (China: OR, 8.60; 95% CI, 2.65-27.86; South Korea: OR, 29.27; 95% CI, 1.79-478.22). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that mandatory mask-wearing policies were associated with increased mask wearing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mask wearing was associated with reduced face-touching behavior, especially touching of the eyes, nose, and mouth, which may prevent contact transmission of COVID-19 among the general population in public areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jian Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Department of Medical Oncology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Qin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Department of Medical Oncology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Grade 2015, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Department of Medical Oncology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Liang Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ding-Yun Feng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Yuan Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Department of Medical Oncology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Department of Medical Oncology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lin CH, Yap YS, Lee KH, Im SA, Naito Y, Yeo W, Ueno T, Kwong A, Li H, Huang SM, Leung R, Han W, Tan B, Hu FC, Huang CS, Cheng AL, Lu YS. Contrasting Epidemiology and Clinicopathology of Female Breast Cancer in Asians vs the US Population. J Natl Cancer Inst 2020; 111:1298-1306. [PMID: 31093668 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djz090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of breast cancer among younger East Asian women has been increasing rapidly over recent decades. This international collaborative study systemically compared the differences in age-specific incidences and pathological characteristics of breast cancer in East Asian women and women of predominantly European ancestry. METHODS We excerpted analytic data from six national cancer registries (979 675 cases) and eight hospitals (18 008 cases) in East Asian countries and/or regions and, for comparisons, from the US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program database. Linear regression analyses of age-specific incidences of female breast cancer and logistic regression analyses of age-specific pathological characteristics of breast cancer were performed. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Unlike female colorectal cancer, the age-specific incidences of breast cancer among East Asian women aged 59 years and younger increased disproportionally over recent decades relative to rates in US contemporaries. For years 2010-2014, the estimated age-specific probability of estrogen receptor positivity increased with age in American patients, whereas that of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) declined with age. No similar trends were evident in East Asian patients; their probability of estrogen receptor positivity at age 40-49 years was statistically significantly higher (odd ratio [OR] = 1.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.36 to 1.67, P < .001) and of TNBC was statistically significantly lower (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.71 to 0.88, P < .001), whereas the probability of ER positivity at age 50-59 years was statistically significantly lower (OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.828 to 0.95, P < .001). Subgroup analyses of US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data showed similarly distinct patterns between East Asian American and white American patients. CONCLUSIONS Contrasting age-specific incidences and pathological characteristics of breast cancer between East Asian and American women, as well as between East Asian Americans and white Americans, suggests racial differences in the biology.
Collapse
|
32
|
Matsuda T, Won YJ, Chun-Ju Chiang R, Lim J, Saika K, Fukui K, Lee WC, Botta L, Bernasconi A, Trama A. Rare cancers are not rare in Asia as well: The rare cancer burden in East Asia. Cancer Epidemiol 2020; 67:101702. [PMID: 32535408 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2020.101702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epidemiologic information on rare cancers is scarce outside of the Western countries. The project "surveillance of rare cancers in Asia" (RARECAREnet Asia) provides, for the first time, the burden of rare cancers in some Asian countries based on the latest list. OBJECTIVES 1) to assess whether the European list of rare cancers fits the Asian setting and 2) to compare the incidences of rare cancers between Europe and Asian countries. MATERIAL AND METHODS Population-based cancer registry data on patients diagnosed from 2011 to 2015 in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan and patients diagnosed from 2000 to 2007 in 94 European registries were analysed. The incidences for all cancers were calculated; they were then grouped into several tiers and families according to the rare cancer list, and whether cancers rare was examined. RESULTS Rare cancer counts according to the list in the observed population were 196 in Japan, 203 in Korea, 198 in Taiwan, and 198 in the EU. The proportions of rare in overall incidence were 16.3% in Japan, 23.7% in Korea, 24.2% in Taiwan, and 22.2% in the EU. The numbers of newly diagnosed rare cancer cases in 2015 were 140,188 in Japan, 52,071 in Korea, and 24,147 in Taiwan. CONCLUSION Most rare cancers in Europe were also rare in the Asian countries considered. The observed differences were due to well-known risk factors. The European definition and list of rare cancers appear to reflect well cancer incidence in East Asia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Matsuda
- National Cancer Registry Section, Center for Cancer Registries, Center for Cancer Control and Information Services National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Young-Joo Won
- Division of Cancer Registration and Surveillance, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - RuRu Chun-Ju Chiang
- Taiwan Cancer Registry Center, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Rm. 506, No. 17, Xuzhou Rd., Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Jiwon Lim
- Division of Cancer Registration and Surveillance, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Kumiko Saika
- National Cancer Registry Section, Center for Cancer Registries, Center for Cancer Control and Information Services National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Keisuke Fukui
- Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Wen-Chung Lee
- Taiwan Cancer Registry Center, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Rm. 506, No. 17, Xuzhou Rd., Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Laura Botta
- Research Department, Fondazione IRCSS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumouri, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Bernasconi
- Research Department, Fondazione IRCSS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumouri, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Trama
- Research Department, Fondazione IRCSS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumouri, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Eichenberger RM, Thomas LF, Gabriël S, Bobić B, Devleesschauwer B, Robertson LJ, Saratsis A, Torgerson PR, Braae UC, Dermauw V, Dorny P. Epidemiology of Taenia saginata taeniosis/cysticercosis: a systematic review of the distribution in East, Southeast and South Asia. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:234. [PMID: 32381027 PMCID: PMC7206752 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taenia saginata is an important zoonotic parasite, causing taeniosis in humans and cysticercosis in bovines, the latter being a significant concern for the global beef industry. Many countries in East, Southeast and South Asia are experiencing rapid economic growth, and an increasing number of people in these countries are dependent on the livestock industry. Currently, however, an overview of the prevalence of T. saginata in this region is lacking. In this review, we analysed the available literature on T. saginata taeniosis and bovine cysticercosis for East, Southeast and South Asia. METHODS A systematic review was conducted, based on both published and grey literature. Articles published between 1990 and 2017 were mined for information on the occurrence, prevalence, and geographical distribution of T. saginata taeniosis and bovine cysticercosis in East, Southeast and South Asia. RESULTS The presence of T. saginata was described in 15 of 27 countries of the region, including Afghanistan, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, South Korea, Thailand and Vietnam. The only country that reported an absence of T. saginata is Japan, although sporadic reports of imported cases and unconfirmed reports of autochthonous infections were identified. Nationwide surveys of taeniosis with systematic sample collection and high sample numbers were available for Cambodia, China, Lao PDR, and South Korea, although speciation of Taenia was not always performed. Regional prevalence of taeniosis and bovine cysticercosis in endemic regions ranged between 0.02-42.6%, and 0.76-46.7%, respectively. However, data for bovine cysticercosis were only available for five countries (Japan, Lao PDR, Mongolia, Pakistan and Vietnam). CONCLUSIONS The data indicate a widespread occurrence of T. saginata throughout East, Southeast and South Asia. Identification of Taenia spp. in human infections was frequently not performed, leading to gaps in knowledge about the distribution of human tapeworm infections, mainly in regions where different human Taenia species co-occur. A high prevalence of T. saginata taeniosis and bovine cysticercosis may reflect insufficiencies in sanitation, limited health education standards, and insufficient food safety measures. Therefore, there is a need to improve local surveillance, notification, and overall control systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramon M. Eichenberger
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lian F. Thomas
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sarah Gabriël
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Branco Bobić
- Centre of Excellence for Food– and Vector–borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Brecht Devleesschauwer
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lucy J. Robertson
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anastasios Saratsis
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, Thermi, Greece
| | - Paul R. Torgerson
- Section of Veterinary Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Uffe C. Braae
- One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Veronique Dermauw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pierre Dorny
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sugimoto M, Murata M, Yamaoka Y. Chemoprevention of gastric cancer development after Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy in an East Asian population: Meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:1820-1840. [PMID: 32351296 PMCID: PMC7183870 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i15.1820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a risk factor for gastric cancer (GC), especially in East Asian populations. Most East Asian populations infected with H. pylori are at higher risk for GC than H. pylori-positive European and United States populations. H. pylori eradication therapy reduces gastric cancer risk in patients after endoscopic and operative resection for GC, as well as in non-GC patients with atrophic gastritis.
AIM To clarify the chemopreventive effects of H. pylori eradication therapy in an East Asian population with a high incidence of GC.
METHODS PubMed and the Cochrane library were searched for randomized control trials (RCTs) and cohort studies published in English up to March 2019. Subgroup analyses were conducted with regard to study designs (i.e., RCTs or cohort studies), country where the study was conducted (i.e., Japan, China, and South Korea), and observation periods (i.e., ≤ 5 years and > 5 years). The heterogeneity and publication bias were also measured.
RESULTS For non-GC patients with atrophic gastritis and patients after resection for GC, 4 and 4 RCTs and 12 and 18 cohort studies were included, respectively. In RCTs, the median incidence of GC for the untreated control groups and the treatment groups was 272.7 (180.4–322.4) and 162.3 (72.5–588.2) per 100000 person-years in non-GC cases with atrophic gastritis and 1790.7 (406.5–2941.2) and 1126.2 (678.7–1223.1) per 100000 person-years in cases of after resection for GC. Compared with non-treated H. pylori-positive controls, the eradication groups had a significantly reduced risk of GC, with a relative risk of 0.67 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.47–0.96] for non-GC patients with atrophic gastritis and 0.51 (0.36–0.73) for patients after resection for GC in the RCTs, and 0.39 (0.30–0.51) for patients with gastritis and 0.54 (0.44–0.67) for patients after resection in cohort studies.
CONCLUSION In the East Asian population with a high risk of GC, H. pylori eradication effectively reduced the risk of GC, irrespective of past history of previous cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsushige Sugimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Sinjuku, Tokyo 1600023, Japan
| | - Masaki Murata
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto 6128555, Japan
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita 8795593, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Dai G, He W, Xu L, Pazo EE, Lin T, Liu S, Zhang C. Exploring the effect of hypertension on retinal microvasculature using deep learning on East Asian population. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230111. [PMID: 32134976 PMCID: PMC7058325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is the leading risk factor of cardiovascular disease and has profound effects on both the structure and function of the microvasculature. Abnormalities of the retinal vasculature may reflect the degree of microvascular damage due to hypertension, and these changes can be detected with fundus photographs. This study aimed to use deep learning technique that can detect subclinical features appearing below the threshold of a human observer to explore the effect of hypertension on morphological features of retinal microvasculature. We collected 2012 retinal photographs which included 1007 from patients with a diagnosis of hypertension and 1005 from normotensive control. By method of vessel segmentation, we removed interference information other than retinal vasculature and contained only morphological information about blood vessels. Using these segmented images, we trained a small convolutional neural networks (CNN) classification model and used a deep learning technique called Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) to generate heat maps for the class “hypertension”. Our model achieved an accuracy of 60.94%, a specificity of 51.54%, a precision of 59.27%, and a recall of 70.48%. The AUC was 0.6506. In the heat maps for the class “hypertension”, red patchy areas were mainly distributed on or around arterial/venous bifurcations. This indicated that the model has identified these regions as being the most important for predicting hypertension. Our study suggested that the effect of hypertension on retinal microvascular morphology mainly occurred at branching of vessels. The change of the branching pattern of retinal vessels was probably the most significant in response to elevated blood pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangzheng Dai
- The Second Clinical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Clinical Research Center, He Eye Specialists Hospitals, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei He
- The Second Clinical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Clinical Research Center, He Eye Specialists Hospitals, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Clinical College, He University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Ling Xu
- Clinical Research Center, He Eye Specialists Hospitals, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Clinical College, He University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Eric E. Pazo
- Clinical Research Center, He Eye Specialists Hospitals, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Clinical College, He University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Tiezhu Lin
- Clinical Research Center, He Eye Specialists Hospitals, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Clinical College, He University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Clinical Research Center, He Eye Specialists Hospitals, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chenguang Zhang
- The Second Clinical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Clinical Research Center, He Eye Specialists Hospitals, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
While the East Asia Pacific (EAP) region has experienced tremendous economic growth and development, the resulting public health gains from reductions in its neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) have been less than expected due to opposing forces of urbanization, political instability, food insecurity, and climate change, together with co-morbidities with non-communicable diseases, including diabetes and hypertension. To be sure there's been progress towards the elimination of lymphatic filariasis and trachoma through mass drug administration, and there are opportunities to extend MDA to yaws and scabies, but for most of the other NTDs we'll require new biotechnologies. So far, EAP's major technology hubs in China, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan have mostly failed to shift their attention towards new innovations for the NTDs, including new drugs, diagnostics, and vaccines, and vector control. Unless this situation changes the EAP could be facing a new grim reality of unhealthy megacities beset by emerging arbovirus infections, widespread antimicrobial resistance, and urban helminth infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Hotez
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology and Microbiology, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; James A Baker III Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA; Scowcroft Institute of International Affairs, Bush School of Government and Public Service, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chen CH, Lim SJ, Oh JK, Huang TW, Zeng YH, Wu MT, Yang HL, Cheung JPY, Kim JW, Han JH, Huo L, Lin TJ, Zhou G, Wu WS. Teriparatide in East Asian Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis in a Real-World Setting: A Baseline Analysis of the Asia and Latin America Fracture Observational Study (ALAFOS). Clin Interv Aging 2020; 15:111-121. [PMID: 32099341 PMCID: PMC6996608 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s228158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this analysis is to describe the baseline characteristics of patients who are prescribed teriparatide for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in a real-world setting in East Asia. PATIENTS AND METHODS The Asia and Latin America Fracture Observational Study (ALAFOS) is a prospective, multinational, observational study designed to evaluate real-world use of teriparatide in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in 20 countries across Asia, Latin America, the Middle East, and Russia. This subregional analysis focuses on the East Asian subpopulation of the ALAFOS study. Here we report baseline clinical characteristics, details regarding the history of fractures, risk factors for osteoporosis, comorbidities, osteoporosis treatment, and health-related quality of life in patients enrolled in China, Hong Kong, South Korea, and Taiwan. RESULTS The East Asian subgroup of ALAFOS included 1136 postmenopausal women, constituting 37.5% (1136/3031) of the overall ALAFOS patient population. The mean (SD) age was 75.0 (9.6) years. The mean (SD) bone mineral density T-scores were -3.11 (1.54), -2.58 (1.11), and -2.86 (1.09) at the lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck, respectively; 69.6% of patients had experienced at least one fragility fracture and 40.4% had experienced ≥2 fragility fractures after 40 years of age. Overall, 63.3% of patients had used medications for osteoporosis in the past. The mean (SD) EQ-5D-5L Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score at baseline was 59.7 (20.8); the mean (SD) back pain numeric rating scale score for worst pain in the last 24 hrs was 5.2 (3.2). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that patients who are prescribed teriparatide in East Asia were elderly women with severe osteoporosis, low bone mineral density, high prevalence of fractures, back pain and poor health-related quality of life. Most of the patients received teriparatide as a second-line treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hwan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Seung-Jae Lim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Keon Oh
- Department of Orthopedics, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tsan-Wen Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yuhong H Zeng
- Department of Osteoporosis, Honghui Hospital, Xi ‘an Jiaotong University, Xian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng-Ting Wu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huilin L Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jason Pui-Yin Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ji Wan Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Han
- Department of Medical Quality and Regulatory Affairs, Lilly Korea Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Li Huo
- Lilly China Drug Development and Medical Affairs Center, Lilly Suzhou Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tsung-Jung Lin
- Department of Medical Affairs, Eli Lilly and Company (Taiwan), Inc., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gang Zhou
- Lilly China Drug Development and Medical Affairs Center, Lilly Suzhou Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Shuo Wu
- Department of Medical Affairs, Eli Lilly and Company (Taiwan), Inc., Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sarkodie SA, Strezov V, Jiang Y, Evans T. Proximate determinants of particulate matter (PM 2.5) emission, mortality and life expectancy in Europe, Central Asia, Australia, Canada and the US. Sci Total Environ 2019; 683:489-497. [PMID: 31141750 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growing concern with environmental related impacts on mortality and morbidity means that the conceptual framework of environment-health-economic policy nexus is salient in the global debate on air pollution. OBJECTIVES With time series data spanning 2000-2016, this study explored the proximate determinants of ambient air pollution, mortality, and life expectancy in North America, Europe & Central Asia, and East Asia & Pacific regions. METHODS The study applied historical data on urban population, total pollution, energy consumption, GDP per capita, life expectancy, mortality rate and industrial PM2.5 emissions to develop six parsimonious models using the generalized least squares (GLS) random-effects model estimation with first-order autoregressive [AR(1)] disturbance across 54 countries. RESULTS An increase in income level by 1% declined mortality rate by 0.01% and increased longevity by ~0.02% (95% Confidence Interval [CI]) in the long-run. An increase in industrial PM2.5 emissions per capita by 1% decreased life expectancy by 0.004% and mortality rate by 0.02% (95% CI). Intensification of energy consumption and its related services by 1% were found to increase industrial PM2.5 emissions by 0.42-0.45% (95% CI). An inversed-U shaped curve between PM2.5 emissions per capita and income levels was found at a turning point of US$ 48,061. The validity of an environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis between ambient air pollution and urbanization was confirmed, while a rapid increase in population had a significant positive impact on ambient air pollution. CONCLUSION Ambient air pollution contributes significantly in reducing life expectancy and increasing mortality. However, sustained economic development, along with energy efficiency, and sustainable urban settlement planning and management are potential options for reducing ambient air pollution while improving quality of life and environmental sustainability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Asumadu Sarkodie
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia; Nord University Business School (HHN), Post Box 1490, 8049 Bodø, Norway.
| | - Vladimir Strezov
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia; ARC Research Hub for Computational Particle Technology, Macquarie University NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Yijiao Jiang
- ARC Research Hub for Computational Particle Technology, Macquarie University NSW 2109, Australia; School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Tim Evans
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia; ARC Research Hub for Computational Particle Technology, Macquarie University NSW 2109, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Millwood IY, Walters RG, Mei XW, Guo Y, Yang L, Bian Z, Bennett DA, Chen Y, Dong C, Hu R, Zhou G, Yu B, Jia W, Parish S, Clarke R, Davey Smith G, Collins R, Holmes MV, Li L, Peto R, Chen Z. Conventional and genetic evidence on alcohol and vascular disease aetiology: a prospective study of 500 000 men and women in China. Lancet 2019; 393:1831-1842. [PMID: 30955975 PMCID: PMC6497989 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31772-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moderate alcohol intake has been associated with reduced cardiovascular risk in many studies, in comparison with abstinence or with heavier drinking. Studies in east Asia can help determine whether these associations are causal, since two common genetic variants greatly affect alcohol drinking patterns. We used these two variants to assess the relationships between cardiovascular risk and genotype-predicted mean alcohol intake in men, contrasting the findings in men with those in women (few of whom drink). METHODS The prospective China Kadoorie Biobank enrolled 512 715 adults between June 25, 2004, and July 15, 2008, from ten areas of China, recording alcohol use and other characteristics. It followed them for about 10 years (until Jan 1, 2017), monitoring cardiovascular disease (including ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, and myocardial infarction) by linkage with morbidity and mortality registries and electronic hospital records. 161 498 participants were genotyped for two variants that alter alcohol metabolism, ALDH2-rs671 and ADH1B-rs1229984. Adjusted Cox regression was used to obtain the relative risks associating disease incidence with self-reported drinking patterns (conventional epidemiology) or with genotype-predicted mean male alcohol intake (genetic epidemiology-ie, Mendelian randomisation), with stratification by study area to control for variation between areas in disease rates and in genotype-predicted intake. FINDINGS 33% (69 897/210 205) of men reported drinking alcohol in most weeks, mainly as spirits, compared with only 2% (6245/302 510) of women. Among men, conventional epidemiology showed that self-reported alcohol intake had U-shaped associations with the incidence of ischaemic stroke (n=14 930), intracerebral haemorrhage (n=3496), and acute myocardial infarction (n=2958); men who reported drinking about 100 g of alcohol per week (one to two drinks per day) had lower risks of all three diseases than non-drinkers or heavier drinkers. In contrast, although genotype-predicted mean male alcohol intake varied widely (from 4 to 256 g per week-ie, near zero to about four drinks per day), it did not have any U-shaped associations with risk. For stroke, genotype-predicted mean alcohol intake had a continuously positive log-linear association with risk, which was stronger for intracerebral haemorrhage (relative risk [RR] per 280 g per week 1·58, 95% CI 1·36-1·84, p<0·0001) than for ischaemic stroke (1·27, 1·13-1·43, p=0·0001). For myocardial infarction, however, genotype-predicted mean alcohol intake was not significantly associated with risk (RR per 280 g per week 0·96, 95% CI 0·78-1·18, p=0·69). Usual alcohol intake in current drinkers and genotype-predicted alcohol intake in all men had similarly strong positive associations with systolic blood pressure (each p<0·0001). Among women, few drank and the studied genotypes did not predict high mean alcohol intake and were not positively associated with blood pressure, stroke, or myocardial infarction. INTERPRETATION Genetic epidemiology shows that the apparently protective effects of moderate alcohol intake against stroke are largely non-causal. Alcohol consumption uniformly increases blood pressure and stroke risk, and appears in this one study to have little net effect on the risk of myocardial infarction. FUNDING Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Kadoorie Charitable Foundation, National Natural Science Foundation of China, British Heart Foundation, Cancer Research UK, GlaxoSmithKline, Medical Research Council, and Wellcome Trust.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iona Y Millwood
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robin G Walters
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xue W Mei
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yu Guo
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zheng Bian
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Derrick A Bennett
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yiping Chen
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Caixia Dong
- Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruying Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Zhou
- Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Nangang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin, China
| | - Weifang Jia
- Liuyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Sarah Parish
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert Clarke
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rory Collins
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael V Holmes
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Richard Peto
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Mok TSK, Wu YL, Kudaba I, Kowalski DM, Cho BC, Turna HZ, Castro G, Srimuninnimit V, Laktionov KK, Bondarenko I, Kubota K, Lubiniecki GM, Zhang J, Kush D, Lopes G. Pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy for previously untreated, PD-L1-expressing, locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (KEYNOTE-042): a randomised, open-label, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet 2019; 393:1819-1830. [PMID: 30955977 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32409-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2004] [Impact Index Per Article: 400.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND First-line pembrolizumab monotherapy improves overall and progression-free survival in patients with untreated metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer with a programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) tumour proportion score (TPS) of 50% or greater. We investigated overall survival after treatment with pembrolizumab monotherapy in patients with a PD-L1 TPS of 1% or greater. METHODS This randomised, open-label, phase 3 study was done in 213 medical centres in 32 countries. Eligible patients were adults (≥18 years) with previously untreated locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer without a sensitising EGFR mutation or ALK translocation and with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status score of 0 or 1, life expectancy 3 months or longer, and a PD-L1 TPS of 1% or greater. Randomisation was computer generated, accessed via an interactive voice-response and integrated web-response system, and stratified by region of enrolment (east Asia vs rest of world), ECOG performance status score (0 vs 1), histology (squamous vs non-squamous), and PD-L1 TPS (≥50% vs 1-49%). Enrolled patients were randomly assigned 1:1 in blocks of four per stratum to receive pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks for up to 35 cycles or the investigator's choice of platinum-based chemotherapy for four to six cycles. Primary endpoints were overall survival in patients with a TPS of 50% or greater, 20% or greater, and 1% or greater (one-sided significance thresholds, p=0·0122, p=0·0120, and p=0·0124, respectively) in the intention-to-treat population, assessed sequentially if the previous findings were significant. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02220894. FINDINGS From Dec 19, 2014, to March 6, 2017, 1274 patients (902 men, 372 women, median age 63 years [IQR 57-69]) with a PD-L1 TPS of 1% or greater were allocated to pembrolizumab (n=637) or chemotherapy (n=637) and included in the intention-to-treat population. 599 (47%) had a TPS of 50% or greater and 818 patients (64%) had a TPS of 20% or greater. As of Feb 26, 2018, median follow-up was 12·8 months. Overall survival was significantly longer in the pembrolizumab group than in the chemotherapy group in all three TPS populations (≥50% hazard ratio 0·69, 95% CI 0·56-0·85, p=0·0003; ≥20% 0·77, 0·64-0·92, p=0·0020, and ≥1% 0·81, 0·71-0·93, p=0·0018). The median surival values by TPS population were 20·0 months (95% CI 15·4-24·9) for pembrolizumab versus 12·2 months (10·4-14·2) for chemotherapy, 17·7 months (15·3-22·1) versus 13·0 months (11·6-15·3), and 16·7 months (13·9-19·7) versus 12·1 months (11·3-13·3), respectively. Treatment-related adverse events of grade 3 or worse occurred in 113 (18%) of 636 treated patients in the pembrolizumab group and in 252 (41%) of 615 in the chemotherapy group and led to death in 13 (2%) and 14 (2%) patients, respectively. INTERPRETATION The benefit-to-risk profile suggests that pembrolizumab monotherapy can be extended as first-line therapy to patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer without sensitising EGFR or ALK alterations and with low PD-L1 TPS. FUNDING Merck Sharp & Dohme.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Aged
- Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase/drug effects
- Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/secondary
- Disease-Free Survival
- Drug Administration Schedule
- Asia, Eastern/epidemiology
- Female
- Genes, erbB-1/drug effects
- Genes, erbB-1/genetics
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Neoplasm Metastasis/pathology
- Translocation, Genetic
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tony S K Mok
- Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of South China, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Yi-Long Wu
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guandong, China
| | - Iveta Kudaba
- Department of Internal Diseases, Riga East Clinical University-Latvian Oncology Center, Riga, Latvia
| | - Dariusz M Kowalski
- Department of Lung Cancer and Chest Tumours, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Byoung Chul Cho
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hande Z Turna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gilberto Castro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vichien Srimuninnimit
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Konstantin K Laktionov
- Department of Thoracic and Abdominal Oncology, N N Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Bondarenko
- Oncology and Medical Radiology Department, Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy, Dnipro, Ukraine
| | - Kaoru Kubota
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Jin Zhang
- Biostatistics and Research Design Statistics, Merck & Co, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Debra Kush
- Global Clinical Development, Merck & Co, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Gilberto Lopes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lin SYC, Magalis BR, Salemi M, Liu H. Origin and dissemination of hepatitis B virus genotype C in East Asia revealed by phylodynamic analysis and historical correlates. J Viral Hepat 2019; 26:145-154. [PMID: 30199591 PMCID: PMC7166934 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus disease progression in East Asia is most frequently associated with genotype C (HBV/C). The increasing availability of HBV/C genetic sequences and detailed annotations provides an opportunity to investigate the epidemiological factors underlying its evolutionary history. In this study, the Bayesian phylogeography framework was used to investigate the origins and patterns in spatial dissemination of HBV/C by analyzing East Asian sequences obtained from 1992 to 2010. The most recent common ancestor of HBV/C was traced back to the early 1900s in China, where it eventually diverged into two major lineages during the 1930s-1960s that gave rise to distinct epidemic waves spreading exponentially to other East Asian countries and the USA. Demographic inference of viral effective population size over time indicated similar dynamics for both lineages, characterized by exponential growth since the early 1980s, followed by a significant bottleneck in 2003 and another increase after 2004. Although additional factors cannot be ruled out, we provide evidence to suggest this bottleneck was the result of limited human movement from/to China during the SARS outbreak in 2003. This is the first extensive evolutionary study of HBV/C in East Asia as well as the first to assess more realistic spatial ecological influences between co-circulating infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Y. C. Lin
- Hepatobiliary SectionDepartment of Internal MedicineKaohsiung Medical University HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Brittany Rife Magalis
- Department of BiologyCollege of Science and TechnologyTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
- Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary MedicineTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Marco Salemi
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine College of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida
- Emerging Pathogens InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida
| | - Hsin‐Fu Liu
- Department of Medical ResearchMackay Memorial HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Bioscience and BiotechnologyNational Taiwan Ocean UniversityKeelungTaiwan
- Department of NursingNational Taipei University of Nursing and Health SciencesTaipeiTaiwan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang (BZYQT) is an herbal drug that is widely used to treat various diseases, including gastrointestinal diseases, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis (AD) in East Asian countries. BZYQT has been shown to have anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, and immunoregulatory properties in experimental studies, and there is substantial clinical evidence of its effect on AD. This review will systematically assess the evidence of BZYQT for the treatment of AD. METHODS/DESIGN Eleven databases will be searched from their inception without language restriction. Randomized controlled trials that examined BZYQT or modified BZYQT for AD will be included. The selection of the studies, data abstraction, and validations will be performed independently by 2 researchers. The methodological qualities of the randomized controlled trials will be assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool for assessing the risk of bias. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will also be disseminated electronically or in print. It will be useful to inform and guide healthcare practitioners. TRIAL REGISTER NUMBER CRD42018105173.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Young-Eun Kim
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Anna Kim
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kubota K, Kamijima Y, Kao Yang YH, Kimura S, Chia-Cheng Lai E, Man KKC, Ryan P, Schuemie M, Stang P, Su CC, Wong ICK, Zhang Y, Setoguchi S. Penetration of new antidiabetic medications in East Asian countries and the United States: A cross-national comparative study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208796. [PMID: 30540837 PMCID: PMC6291148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of patients with diabetes is increasing particularly in Asia-Pacific region. Many of them are treated with antidiabetics. As the basis of the studies on the benefit and harm of antidiabetic drugs in the region, the information on patterns of market penetration of new classes of antidiabetic medications is important in providing context for subsequent research and analyzing and interpreting results. METHODS We compared penetration patterns of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Japan, and the United States. We used the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, a random sample of the Hong Kong Clinical Data Analysis and Reporting System, the Japan Medical Data Center database, and a 5% random sample of the US Medicare database converted to the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership's Common Data Model to identify new users of oral antidiabetic medications. We standardized prevalence and incidence rates of medication use by age and sex to those in the 2010 Taiwanese population. We compared age, sex, comorbid conditions, and concurrent medications between new users of DPP-4 inhibitors and biguanides. RESULTS Use of DPP-4 inhibitors 1 year after market entry was highest in Japan and lowest in Hong Kong. New users had more heart failure, hyperlipidemia, and renal failure than biguanide users in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and the United States while the proportions were similar in Japan. In a country with low penetration of DPP-4 inhibitors (eg, Hong Kong), users had diabetes with multiple comorbid conditions compared with biguanidine users. In a country with high penetration (eg, Japan), the proportion of users with comorbid conditions was similar to that of biguanide users. CONCLUSIONS We observed a marked difference of the penetration patterns of newly marketed antidiabetics in different countries in Asia. Those results will provide the basic information useful in the future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Kubota
- NPO Drug Safety Research Unit Japan, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Yea-Huei Kao Yang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - Edward Chia-Cheng Lai
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kenneth K. C. Man
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Research Department of Practice and Policy, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Ryan
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Martijn Schuemie
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Paul Stang
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Chien-Chou Su
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ian C. K. Wong
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Research Department of Practice and Policy, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yinghong Zhang
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Soko Setoguchi
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, New Brunswick, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic factor is importantly enrolled in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and haplotype leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 is the most well-known. However, only 1% to 5% of B27-positive individuals will develop AS, and it confers only 20% to 30% of the overall genetic risks, indicating more genes other than HLA-B27 may play important roles in AS pathologies. The present study aims to investigate whether the polymorphisms of endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) is associated with increased risk of AS susceptibility. METHODS The Cochrane library, Pubmed, and Embase databases were carefully searched for potential researches published before May 30, 2018. The title, abstract, and full text were assessed to determine whether the paper was suitable for inclusion. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were presented to assess the associations between ERAP1 polymorphisms and AS susceptibility. RESULTS The study finally enrolled 10 papers, 4 matched single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ERAP1 (rs27044, rs27434, rs30187, and rs27037), and a total of 30552 patients (12492 with AS and 18060 for control). No significant difference was found between the AS susceptibility and polymorphisms of rs27044 and rs27434. However, there was a significant association between ERAP1 polymorphisms rs30187 and rs27037 (T vs C, OR, 1.322, 95% CI = 1.240-10410, P <.05; T vs G, OR, 1.247, 95% CI = 1.149-1.353; P <.05; respectively) and AS susceptibility. CONCLUSION There was a significant association between ERAP1 polymorphisms (rs30187 and rs27037) and increased risk of AS susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzhou No.2 people's Hospital
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzhou No.2 people's Hospital
| | - Youjia Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow
- Osteoprosis institute of Soochow University, Soochow, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Mafie E, Saito-Ito A, Kasai M, Hatta M, Rivera PT, Ma XH, Chen ER, Sato H, Takada N. Integrative taxonomic approach of trypanosomes in the blood of rodents and soricids in Asian countries, with the description of three new species. Parasitol Res 2018; 118:97-109. [PMID: 30353232 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-6120-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma lewisi (Kinetoplastea: Trypanosomatida: Trypanosomatidae) with a cosmopolitan distribution is the type species of the subgenus Herpetosoma, which includes ca. 50 nominal species isolated mainly from rodents. Since members of Herpetosoma in different host species have an almost identical morphology of bloodstream forms, these trypanosomes are referred to as 'T. lewisi-like', and the molecular genetic characterization of each species is necessary to verify their taxonomy. In the present study, we collected blood samples from 89 murid rodents of 15 species and 11 soricids of four species in Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam, Taiwan, and mainland China for the detection of hemoprotozoan infection. T. lewisi and T. lewisi-like trypanosomes were found in the blood smears of 10 murid animals, which included Bandicota indica (two rats), Rattus argentiventer (one rat), and Rattus tiomanicus (two rats) in Indonesia; Rattus rattus (one rat) in the Philippines; and Niviventer confucianus (four rats) in mainland China. Furthermore, large- or medium-sized non-T. lewisi-like trypanosomes were detected in two soricids, Crocidura dracula in Vietnam and Anourosorex yamashinai in Taiwan, respectively. Molecular genetic characterization of the small subunit (SSU) ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) and glycosomal glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gGAPDH) gene indicated that the trypanosomes from all the murid hosts had identical SSU rDNA or gGAPDH gene nucleotide sequences except for those in N. confucianus in mainland China. These N. confucianus-infecting trypanosomes also showed several unique morphological features such as smaller bodies, anteriorly positioned nuclei, and larger rod-shaped kinetoplasts when compared with T. lewisi trypomastigotes. Trypanosoma (Herpetosoma) niviventerae n. sp. is erected for this new species. Similarly, based on morphological and molecular genetic characterization, Trypanosoma sapaensis n. sp. and Trypanosoma anourosoricis n. sp. are proposed for the trypanosomes in C. dracula in Vietnam and A. yamashinai in Taiwan, respectively. More effort directed toward the morphological and molecular genetic characterization of the trypanosomes of rodents and soricids is required to fully understand the real biodiversity of their hemoflagellates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliakunda Mafie
- Laboratory of Parasitology, United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Atsuko Saito-Ito
- Section of Parasitology, Division of Microbiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
- Section of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, 1-3-6 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-8530, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kasai
- Section of Parasitology, Division of Microbiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Mochammad Hatta
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Pilarita T Rivera
- Department of Parasitology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, 625 Pedro Gil Street, 1000, Manila, Philippines
| | - Xiao-Hang Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Eng-Rin Chen
- Department of Parasitology, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hiroshi Sato
- Laboratory of Parasitology, United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan.
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Campus C, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia.
| | - Nobuhiro Takada
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Jang M, Kim H, Lea S, Oh S, Kim JS, Oh B. Effect of duration of diabetes on bone mineral density: a population study on East Asian males. BMC Endocr Disord 2018; 18:61. [PMID: 30185190 PMCID: PMC6126021 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-018-0290-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study is to evaluate the association between BMD and type 2 DM status in middle-aged and elderly men. To investigate a possible correlation, the present study used the BMD dataset of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2008 to 2011. METHODS In total, 37,753 individuals participated in health examination surveys between 2008 and 2011. A total of 3383 males aged ≥50 years were eligible. They underwent BMD measurement through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels of participants were also measured. RESULTS Men with prediabetes and diabetes had significantly higher mean BMD at all measured sites than control men did, irrespective of DM status. This was confirmed by multivariable linear regression analyses. DM duration was an important factor affecting BMD. Patients with DM for > 5 years had lower mean BMD in the total hip and femoral neck than those with DM for ≤5 years. Per multivariable linear regression analyses, patients with DM for > 5 years had significantly lower mean BMD at the femoral neck than those with DM ≤5 years. CONCLUSIONS DM duration was significantly associated with reduced femoral neck BMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miso Jang
- Department of Family Medicine and Center for Cancer Prevention and Detection, Hospital, National Cancer Center, 323, Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10408 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunkyung Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, DDH Hospital, 60, Hi park 2-ro, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10234 Republic of Korea
| | - Shorry Lea
- Center for Health Promotion, Cheil General Hospital, 17, Seoae-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04619 Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Oh
- Department of Biostatistics, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, 20, Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, 20, Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061 Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjo Oh
- Department of Family Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, 20, Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wang CH, Chang WT, Huang CH, Tsai MS, Yu PH, Wu YW, Chen WJ. Validation of the Cardiac Arrest Survival Postresuscitation In-hospital (CASPRI) score in an East Asian population. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202938. [PMID: 30138383 PMCID: PMC6107241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Cardiac Arrest Survival Postresuscitation In-hospital (CASPRI) score is a useful tool for predicting neurological outcome following in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA), and was derived from a cohort selected from the Get With The Guidelines-Resuscitation registry between 2000 and 2009 in the United States. In an East Asian population, we aimed to identify the factors associated with outcomes of resuscitated IHCA patients and assess the validity of the CASPRI score. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted in a single centre in Taiwan. Patients with IHCA between 2006 and 2014 were screened. RESULTS Among the 796 included patients, 94 (11.8%) patients achieved neurologically intact survival. Multivariable logistic regression analyses identified factors significantly associated with neurological outcome. Six of these factors were also components of the CASPRI score, including duration of resuscitation, neurological status before IHCA, malignant disease, initial arrest rhythms, renal insufficiency and age. In univariate logistic regression analysis, the CASPRI score was significantly associated with neurological outcome (odds ratio [OR]: 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.80-0.87); the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.74-0.84). CONCLUSION In this retrospective study conducted in a single centre at Taiwan, we identified the common prognosticators of IHCA shared by both East Asian and Western societies. As a composite prognosticator, CASPRI score predicts outcomes with excellent accuracy among successfully resuscitated IHCA patients in an East Asian population. This tool allows accurate IHCA prognostication in an East Asian population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hung Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Tien Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hua Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Shan Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hsun Yu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Wen Wu
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Nuclear Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Cardiology Division of Cardiovascular Medical Center, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jone Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Gu Y, Xiao L, Gu W, Chen S, Feng Y, Wang J, Wang Z, Cai Y, Chen H, Xu X, Shi Y, Zhang M, Xu K, Yang T. Rs2227982 and rs2227981 in PDCD1 gene are functional SNPs associated with T1D risk in East Asian. Acta Diabetol 2018; 55:813-819. [PMID: 29774466 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-018-1152-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate whether PDCD1 gene polymorphisms are functional, and their associations with T1D risk and related clinical characteristics. METHODS A total of 3060 Chinese Han individuals (1019 T1D patients and 2041 healthy controls) were genotyped for 4 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the PDCD1 region (rs2227982, rs7421861, rs10204525, and rs6710479) and another most studied synonymous SNP, rs2227981. In addition, 251 healthy individuals underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT); measures of insulin release and sensitivity were estimated from insulinogenic, BIGTT, Matsuda. Further, we performed in silico bioinformatics analysis to explore potential functional annotation of the investigated SNPs in PDCD1 gene. RESULTS Both rs2227982 and rs2227981 polymorphisms were associated with T1D risk in Chinese Han population under additive model (OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.75-0.93 and OR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.08-1.40, respectively), but not the other three SNPs in PDCD1 gene. Our meta-analysis revealed that rs2227982 and rs2227981 polymorphisms also have significant associations with T1D risk in East Asians (OR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.74-0.90 and OR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.12-1.36, respectively), but not Europeans. And the T allele of rs2227982 polymorphism is associated with increased 30 min post OGTT glucose level (P = 0.023) and 120 min post OGTT insulin level (P = 0.033). Furthermore, the genetic and regulatory architecture suggested all the 5 investigated SNPs in PDCD1 are putatively functional. CONCLUSIONS Both rs2227982 and rs2227981 polymorphisms were associated with T1D risk in East Asians, and rs2227982 also had a significant association with glycemic traits, which suggested PDCD1 gene polymorphisms might participate in facilitating T1D risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Nanjing Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingjie Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhixiao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Heng Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyu Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kuanfeng Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Li TT, Liu H, Yu J, Shi GY, Zhao LY, Li GX. Prognostic and predictive blood biomarkers in gastric cancer and the potential application of circulating tumor cells. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:2236-2246. [PMID: 29881233 PMCID: PMC5989238 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i21.2236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC), with its high incidence and mortality rates, is a highly fatal cancer that is common in East Asia particularly in China. Its recurrence and metastasis are the main causes of its poor prognosis. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) or other blood biomarkers that are released into the circulating blood stream by tumors are thought to play a crucial role in the recurrence and metastasis of gastric cancer. Therefore, the detection of CTCs and other blood biomarkers has an important clinical significance; in fact, they can help predict the prognosis, assess the staging, monitor the therapeutic effects and determine the drug susceptibility. Recent research has identified many blood biomarkers in GC, such as various serum proteins, autoantibodies against tumor associated antigens, and cell-free DNAs. The analysis of CTCs and circulating cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the peripheral blood of patients with gastric cancer is called as liquid biopsy. These blood biomarkers provide the disease status for individuals and have clinical meaning. In this review, we focus on the recent scientific advances regarding CTCs and other blood biomarkers, and discuss their origins and clinical meaning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guang-Yao Shi
- Division of Cardiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Ying Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guo-Xin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Son MJ, Kwon O, Kim S, Kim YE, Jung SY, Kim BY, Kang JI, Lee JH, Lee DH. Safety and efficacy of Galgeun-tang-ga-cheongung-sinyi, a herbal formula, for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis: A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11196. [PMID: 29924041 PMCID: PMC6023643 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A herbal formula, Galgeun-tang-ga-cheongung-sinyi (GGTCS), is traditionally used for the treatment of rhinosinusitis in East Asian countries. However, there is a dearth of clinical evidence supporting the effects of this medication. Here, we describe the protocol for a randomized controlled study designed to investigate the efficacy and safety of GGTCS for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). METHODS AND ANALYSIS To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of GGTCS for the treatment of CRS, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group, clinical trial has been designed. A total of 58 participants with CRS will be recruited and randomly allocated to a GGTCS or placebo group in a 1:1 ratio. The participants will be administered GGTCS or placebo granules 3 times a day for 8 weeks. Data will be collected from the participants at baseline and at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after random allocation. The primary outcome measure will be the mean change in the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 score from baseline to 8 weeks. The secondary outcomes will include the Total Nasal Symptom Score, EuroQoL 5 Dimensions 5 Levels score, Nasal Endoscopy Index, Lund-Mackay score, and total serum immunoglobulin E level. DISCUSSION The key elements for conducting a high-quality randomized clinical trial have been addressed in this protocol. In summary, the findings of this study are expected to provide a base for large-scale randomized controlled trials to confirm the safety and efficacy of GGTCS for the treatment of CRS and may consequently serve to improve future treatment strategies for this condition. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study has been registered at the Korean National Clinical Trial Registry, Clinical Research Information Service (KCT0002835).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ju Son
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine Korean Medicine Life Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon Department of Ophthalmology & Otolaryngology & Dermatology, Woo-Suk University Korean Medicine Hospital, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|