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Xiong H, Zhang Y, Chen S, Ni Z, He J, Li X, Li B, Zhao K, Yang F, Zeng Y, Chen B, He F. Induction of SOCS3 by liver X receptor suppresses the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:64083-64094. [PMID: 28969053 PMCID: PMC5609985 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver X receptor (LXR), a member of nuclear receptor superfamily, is involved in the regulation of glucose, lipid and cholesterol metabolism. Recently, it has been reported that LXR suppress different kinds of cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the corresponding mechanism is still not well elucidated. In the present study, we found that activation of LXR downregulated cyclin D1 while upregulated p21 and p27 by elevating the level of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), leading to the cell cycle arrest at G1/S phase and growth inhibition of HCC cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that LXRα (not LXRβ) mediated the induction of SOCS3 in HCC cells. Subsequently, we showed that LXR activation enhanced the mRNA stability of SOCS3, but had no significant influence on the transcriptional activity of SOCS3 gene promoter. The experiments in nude mice revealed that LXR agonist inhibited the growth of xenograft tumors and enhanced SOCS3 expression in vivo. These results indicate that “LXRα-SOCS3-cyclin D1/p21/p27” is a novel pathway by which LXR exerts its anti-HCC effects, suggesting that the pathway may be a new potential therapeutic target for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojun Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhenhong Ni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jintao He
- Battalion 17 of Students, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xinzhe Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yijun Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Bingbo Chen
- Laboratory Animal Center, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Fengtian He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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52
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Li B, Feng W, Luo O, Xu T, Cao Y, Wu H, Yu D, Ding Y. Development and Validation of a Three-gene Prognostic Signature for Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5517. [PMID: 28717245 PMCID: PMC5514049 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04811-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, because recurrence often occurs in most HCC patients undergoing hepatectomy. It is necessary to identify patients with high risk for recurrence and adopt effective therapies. An obstacle to monitor patients at high risk for poor prognosis has been the lack of useful predictive biomarkers. Fortunately, recent progress in system biology allows to screen the biomarkers for HCC prognosis in a high-throughput manner. In this study, we performed systematic Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of the whole mRNA transcriptomics based on the Cancer Genome Atlas project (TCGA) and developed a three-gene prognostic signature composing of three genes UPB1, SOCS2 and RTN3. The model was validated in two independent microarray data sets retrieved from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the expression pattern of these three predictive genes in HCC was confirmed by western blot and immunohistochemistry with our HCC samples. In conclusion, our results showed that this three-gene signature has prognostic value for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghua Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Affliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Wendu Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Affliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Ouyang Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Affliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Tiancheng Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Affliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yajuan Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Affliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Hongyan Wu
- Department of Pathology, the Affliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Decai Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Affliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Yitao Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Affliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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Chen CH, Li SH. A novel therapeutic approach for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 gene therapy. J Thorac Dis 2017; 9:1446-1449. [PMID: 28740654 PMCID: PMC5506160 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.05.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Han Chen
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate Institute of Biomedicine and Biomedical Technology, National Chi Nan University, Taiwan.,Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shau-Hsuan Li
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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54
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Shang AQ, Wu J, Bi F, Zhang YJ, Xu LR, Li LL, Chen FF, Wang WW, Zhu JJ, Liu YY. Relationship between HER2 and JAK/STAT-SOCS3 signaling pathway and clinicopathological features and prognosis of ovarian cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2017; 18:314-322. [PMID: 28448787 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2017.1310343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aims to explore the relationship between expressions of HER2 and JAK/STAT3-SOCS3 signaling pathway and clinicopathological features and prognosis of ovarian cancer (OC). METHODS A total of 136 OC patients were collected. Immunohistochemistry was applied to measure the expressions of STAT3, p-STAT3, SOCS3, HER2 and p-HER2 in the tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expressions of HER2, SOCS3 and STAT3 and western blotting was applied for protein expressions of HER2, p-HER2, SOCS3, STAT3 and p-STAT3 in the tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Flow cytometry was used for the cell apoptosis in the blank, afatinib (A), ruxolitinib (R) and afatinib + ruxolitinib (A + R) groups. Follow-up was performed to explore relationship of HER2, SOCS3, and STAT3 expressions with survival time of OC patients. RESULTS HER2, p-HER2, STAT3, and p-STAT3 expressions were higher while SOCS3 expression was lower in the tumor tissues. The positive expressions of STAT3, HER2, p-HER2 and p-STAT3 were lower while the positive expression of SOCS3 was higher in the adjacent normal tissues. The expressions of HER2, SOCS3, and p-STAT3 were associated with clinical stage and lymph node metastasis (LNM), and STAT3 expression has correlation with histological grade and LNM. The mRNA and protein expressions of HER2, STAT3 and p-STAT3 in the tumor tissues were higher than those in the adjacent normal tissues, but SOCS3 expression was significantly decreased. The positive expressions of HER2, p-HER2 and STAT3, the negative expression of SOCS3 and pathological stages were important risk factors for the prognosis of patients with OC. CONCLUSION Our study showed that the expressions of HER2, STAT3, and SOCS3 are associated with the progression of OC, and higher expressions of HER2 and STAT3 and lower expression of SOCS3 predict poor prognosis of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Quan Shang
- a Clinical Medicine School , Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , P.R. China.,b Department of Laboratory Medicine , The Sixth People's Hospital of Yancheng City , Yancheng , P.R. China
| | - Jian Wu
- c Department of Oncology , The Sixth People's Hospital of Yancheng City , Yancheng , P.R. China
| | - Feng Bi
- d Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , The Sixth People's Hospital of Yancheng City , Yancheng , P.R. China
| | - Yu-Jie Zhang
- a Clinical Medicine School , Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , P.R. China
| | - Lei-Rong Xu
- c Department of Oncology , The Sixth People's Hospital of Yancheng City , Yancheng , P.R. China
| | - Ling-Ling Li
- c Department of Oncology , The Sixth People's Hospital of Yancheng City , Yancheng , P.R. China
| | - Fei-Fei Chen
- c Department of Oncology , The Sixth People's Hospital of Yancheng City , Yancheng , P.R. China
| | - Wei-Wei Wang
- e Department of Pathology , The First People's Hospital of Yancheng City , Yancheng , P.R. China.,f Department of Pathology , The Sixth People's Hospital of Yancheng City , Yancheng , P.R. China
| | - Jian-Jun Zhu
- c Department of Oncology , The Sixth People's Hospital of Yancheng City , Yancheng , P.R. China
| | - You-Yi Liu
- g Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Fifth Hospital in Wuhan , Wuhan , Hubei Province , P.R. China
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Madonna S, Scarponi C, Morelli M, Sestito R, Scognamiglio PL, Marasco D, Albanesi C. SOCS3 inhibits the pathological effects of IL-22 in non-melanoma skin tumor-derived keratinocytes. Oncotarget 2017; 8:24652-24667. [PMID: 28445952 PMCID: PMC5421877 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal cell carcinomas (BCC) and squamous-cell carcinomas (SCC) are common malignancies in humans, caused by neoplastic transformation of keratinocytes of the basal or suprabasal layers of epidermis, respectively. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are frequently found in BCC and SCC, and functionally promote epithelial carcinogenesis. TILs secreting IL-22, in particular, participate to BCC and SCC growth by inducing keratinocyte proliferation and migration, as well as the expression of inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and pro-angiogenic genes.In this study, we identified SOCS3 as a valid candidate to be manipulated for suppressing tumorigenic functions in BCC and SCC. We found that SOCS3 and SOCS1 expression was reduced in vivo, in tumor lesions of BCC and SCC, as compared to other skin inflammatory conditions such as psoriasis, despite the high number of IL-22-secreting TILs. Moreover, IL-22 was not able to induce in vitro the transcriptional expression of SOCS3 in BCC-or SCC-derived keratinocytes, contrarily to healthy cells. Aimed at rescuing SOCS3 activity in these tumor contexts, a SOCS3-derived peptide, named KIR-ESS, was synthesized, and its ability in suppressing IL-22-induced responses was evaluated in healthy and transformed keratinocytes. We found that KIR-ESS peptide efficiently suppressed the IL-22 molecular signaling in keratinocytes, by acting on STAT3 and Erk1/2 cascade, as well as on the expression of STAT3-dependent downstream genes. Interestingly, after treatment with peptide, both healthy and transformed keratinocytes could no longer aberrantly proliferate and migrate in response to IL-22. Finally, treatment of athymic nude mice bearing SCC xenografts with KIR-ESS peptide concomitantly reduced tumor growth and activated STAT3 levels. As a whole, these data provides the rationale for the use in BCC and SCC skin tumors of SOCS3 mimetics, being able to inhibit the deleterious effects of IL-22 in these contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Madonna
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, IDI-IRCCS, Fondazione “Luigi M. Monti” (FLMM), Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Scarponi
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, IDI-IRCCS, Fondazione “Luigi M. Monti” (FLMM), Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Morelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, IDI-IRCCS, Fondazione “Luigi M. Monti” (FLMM), Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Sestito
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, IDI-IRCCS, Fondazione “Luigi M. Monti” (FLMM), Rome, Italy
- Current address: Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Marasco
- Department of Pharmacy, CIRPEB, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Albanesi
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, IDI-IRCCS, Fondazione “Luigi M. Monti” (FLMM), Rome, Italy
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56
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Jiang M, Zhang WW, Liu P, Yu W, Liu T, Yu J. Dysregulation of SOCS-Mediated Negative Feedback of Cytokine Signaling in Carcinogenesis and Its Significance in Cancer Treatment. Front Immunol 2017; 8:70. [PMID: 28228755 PMCID: PMC5296614 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are major negative feedback regulators of cytokine signaling mediated by the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathway. In particular, SOCS1 and SOCS3 are strong inhibitors of JAKs and can play pivotal roles in the development and progression of cancers. The abnormal expression of SOCS1 and SOCS3 in cancer cells is associated with the dysregulation of cell growth, migration, and death induced by multiple cytokines and hormones in human carcinomas. In addition, the mechanisms involved in SOCS1- and SOCS3-regulated abnormal development and activation of immune cells in carcinogenesis, including T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, are still unclear. Therefore, this study aims to further discuss the molecules and signal pathways regulating the expression and function of SOCS1 and SOCS3 in various types of cancers and elucidate the feasibility and efficiency of SOCS-based target therapeutic strategy in anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen-Wen Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Pengpeng Liu
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostic Center, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital , Tianjin , China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinpu Yu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; Cancer Molecular Diagnostic Center, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
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57
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Liu LH, Li H, Cheng XX, Kong QY, Chen XY, Wu ML, Li Y, Liu J, Li C. Correlative analyses of the expression levels of PIAS3, p-SHP2, SOCS1 and SOCS3 with STAT3 activation in human astrocytomas. Mol Med Rep 2016; 15:847-852. [PMID: 28035384 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.6079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling in the growth and survival of glioblastoma cells has been well documented, while the reasons leading to STAT3 activation remains to be elucidated. Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 1 and SOCS3, SH2 domain‑containing phosphatase (SHP2) and protein inhibitors of activated STAT3 (PIAS3) are known to inhibit STAT3 signal transduction, while their expression statuses in the four grades of astrocytomas and relevance with STAT3 activation remain to be described. The present study aimed to address these issues by tissue microarray‑based immunohistochemical profiling the expression levels of phosphorylated (p)‑STAT3, SOCS1, SOCS3, PIAS3 and p‑SHP2. The results revealed that p‑STAT3 nuclear translocation was rarely observed in non‑cancerous brain tissues and its frequencies were increased in a tumor grade‑associated manner (65.2, 77.1, 81.8 and 85.7% for grade I‑IV, respectively). PIAS3, p‑SHP2, SOCS1 and SOCS3 were expressed in higher levels (++ and +++) in 63.6, 90, 87.5 and 81.8% of tumor surrounding brain tissues, which reduced to 13.1, 47.8, 33.3 and 50% in grade I, 11.4, 65.7, 58.3 and 77.1% in grade II, 9.1, 63.6, 38.1 and 31.8% in grade III and 7.1, 66.7, 30.8 and 7.1% in grade IV astrocytomas. The above results revealed that although the expression levels of SOCS1, SOCS3 and, in particular, p‑SHP2, tend to decrease in the four types of astrocytomas, PIAS3 downregulation is more negatively correlated with STAT3 activation in the stepwise progress of astrocytomas and would indicate an unfavorable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hong Liu
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Hong Li
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Xin Cheng
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Qing-You Kong
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Chen
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Mo-Li Wu
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Cong Li
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
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58
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Balko JM, Schwarz LJ, Luo N, Estrada MV, Giltnane JM, Dávila-González D, Wang K, Sánchez V, Dean PT, Combs SE, Hicks D, Pinto JA, Landis MD, Doimi FD, Yelensky R, Miller VA, Stephens PJ, Rimm DL, Gómez H, Chang JC, Sanders ME, Cook RS, Arteaga CL. Triple-negative breast cancers with amplification of JAK2 at the 9p24 locus demonstrate JAK2-specific dependence. Sci Transl Med 2016; 8:334ra53. [PMID: 27075627 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aad3001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Amplifications at 9p24 have been identified in breast cancer and other malignancies, but the genes within this locus causally associated with oncogenicity or tumor progression remain unclear. Targeted next-generation sequencing of postchemotherapy triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) identified a group of 9p24-amplified tumors, which contained focal amplification of the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) gene. These patients had markedly inferior recurrence-free and overall survival compared to patients with TNBC without JAK2 amplification. Detection of JAK2/9p24 amplifications was more common in chemotherapy-treated TNBCs than in untreated TNBCs or basal-like cancers, or in other breast cancer subtypes. Similar rates of JAK2 amplification were confirmed in patient-derived TNBC xenografts. In patients for whom longitudinal specimens were available, JAK2 amplification was selected for during neoadjuvant chemotherapy and eventual metastatic spread, suggesting a role in tumorigenicity and chemoresistance, phenotypes often attributed to a cancer stem cell-like cell population. In TNBC cell lines with JAK2 copy gains or amplification, specific inhibition of JAK2 signaling reduced mammosphere formation and cooperated with chemotherapy in reducing tumor growth in vivo. In these cells, inhibition of JAK1-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling had little effect or, in some cases, counteracted JAK2-specific inhibition. Collectively, these results suggest that JAK2-specific inhibitors are more efficacious than dual JAK1/2 inhibitors against JAK2-amplified TNBCs. Furthermore, JAK2 amplification is a potential biomarker for JAK2 dependence, which, in turn, can be used to select patients for clinical trials with JAK2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Balko
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Luis J Schwarz
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Na Luo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mónica V Estrada
- Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jennifer M Giltnane
- Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Kai Wang
- Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Violeta Sánchez
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Phillip T Dean
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Susan E Combs
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Donna Hicks
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | | | - Franco D Doimi
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (INEN), Lima 34, Perú
| | | | | | | | - David L Rimm
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Henry Gómez
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (INEN), Lima 34, Perú
| | - Jenny C Chang
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Melinda E Sanders
- Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rebecca S Cook
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Carlos L Arteaga
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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59
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Ouédraogo ZG, Biau J, Kemeny JL, Morel L, Verrelle P, Chautard E. Role of STAT3 in Genesis and Progression of Human Malignant Gliomas. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5780-5797. [PMID: 27660268 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0103-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is aberrantly activated in glioblastoma and has been identified as a relevant therapeutic target in this disease and many other human cancers. After two decades of intensive research, there is not yet any approved STAT3-based glioma therapy. In addition to the canonical activation by tyrosine 705 phosphorylation, concordant reports described a potential therapeutic relevance of other post-translational modifications including mainly serine 727 phosphorylation. Such reports reinforce the need to refine the strategy of targeting STAT3 in each concerned disease. This review focuses on the role of serine 727 and tyrosine 705 phosphorylation of STAT3 in glioma. It explores their contribution to glial cell transformation and to the mechanisms that make glioma escape to both immune control and standard treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zangbéwendé Guy Ouédraogo
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA 7283, CREaT, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Département de Radiothérapie, Laboratoire de Radio-Oncologie Expérimentale, Centre Jean Perrin, EA7283 CREaT - Université d'Auvergne, 58 rue Montalembert, F-63000-63011, Clermont Ferrand, France.,Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, de Toxicologie et de Chimie Thérapeutique, Université de Ouagadougou, 03, Ouagadougou, BP 7021, Burkina Faso
| | - Julian Biau
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA 7283, CREaT, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Département de Radiothérapie, Laboratoire de Radio-Oncologie Expérimentale, Centre Jean Perrin, EA7283 CREaT - Université d'Auvergne, 58 rue Montalembert, F-63000-63011, Clermont Ferrand, France.,Département de Radiothérapie, Institut Curie, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Jean-Louis Kemeny
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA 7283, CREaT, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service d'Anatomopathologie, F-63003, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurent Morel
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise-Pascal, GReD, UMR CNRS 6293, INSERM U1103, 24 Avenue des Landais BP80026, 63171, Aubière, France
| | - Pierre Verrelle
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA 7283, CREaT, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Département de Radiothérapie, Laboratoire de Radio-Oncologie Expérimentale, Centre Jean Perrin, EA7283 CREaT - Université d'Auvergne, 58 rue Montalembert, F-63000-63011, Clermont Ferrand, France.,Département de Radiothérapie, Institut Curie, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Emmanuel Chautard
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA 7283, CREaT, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France. .,Département de Radiothérapie, Laboratoire de Radio-Oncologie Expérimentale, Centre Jean Perrin, EA7283 CREaT - Université d'Auvergne, 58 rue Montalembert, F-63000-63011, Clermont Ferrand, France.
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60
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Jung SH, Kim SM, Lee CE. Mechanism of suppressors of cytokine signaling 1 inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition signaling through ROS regulation in colon cancer cells: suppression of Src leading to thioredoxin up-regulation. Oncotarget 2016; 7:62559-62571. [PMID: 27613835 PMCID: PMC5308746 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) participate in malignant progression of cancers including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We have investigated the role of suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS)1 as an inhibitor of ROS-induced EMT using colon cancer cell lines transduced with SOCS1 and shSOCS1. Hydrogen peroxide treatment induced EMT features such as elevation of vimentin and Snail with a corresponding reduction of E-cadherin. The EMT markers are significantly decreased upon SOCS1 over-expression while increased under SOCS1 knock-down. SOCS1 inhibited ROS signaling pathways associated with EMT such as Src, Jak, and p65. Of note, strong up-regulation of Src activity in SOCS1-ablated cells was responsible for the elevated signaling leading to EMT, as shSrc or Src inhibitor abolished the shSOCS1-induced promotion of EMT response. Suppression of ROS-inducible EMT markers and invasion in SOCS1 over-expressing cells correlated with significantly low intracellular ROS levels in these cells. Analysis of antioxidant enzymes in SOCS1-transduced cells revealed a selective up-regulation of thioredoxin (Trx1), while thioredoxin ablation restored ROS levels and the associated EMT markers. As a mechanism of thioredoxin up-regulation by SOCS1, inhibition of Src activity promoting nuclear translocation of Nrf-2 is proposed. Taken together, our data strongly indicate that SOCS1 antagonizes EMT by suppressing Src activity, leading to thioredoxin expression and down-regulation of ROS levels in colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hoon Jung
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Su-Min Kim
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Choong-Eun Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
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61
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The suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) inhibits tumor metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:13521-13531. [PMID: 27465557 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5215-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and its incidence continues to increase. However, the mechanism underlying the development and progression of HCC remains unknown. The suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) is a member of the SOCS family and influences the carcinogenesis of multiple types of tumors, but the biological roles of SOCS2 in HCC remain unclear. In this study, we found that SOCS2 expression was reduced in HCC tissues compared with matched noncancerous liver tissues. Moreover, decreased SOCS2 expression was significantly associated with the presence of intrahepatic metastasis and high histological grade in HCC patients. Colony formation assays and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays demonstrated that overexpression of SOCS2 or knockdown of endogenous SOCS2 did not significantly affect cell proliferation and tumorigenicity in HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. However, SOCS2 overexpression significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of HCC cells in vitro and inhibited metastasis in vivo. Consistent with these findings, the knockdown of endogenous SOCS2 enhanced migration and invasion in HCC cells in vitro. Our study demonstrated that SOCS2 inhibited human HCC metastasis, and SOCS2 might provide a new potential therapeutic strategy for treating HCC.
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Misawa A, Takayama KI, Urano T, Inoue S. Androgen-induced Long Noncoding RNA (lncRNA) SOCS2-AS1 Promotes Cell Growth and Inhibits Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:17861-80. [PMID: 27342777 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.718536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) have been associated with the development of cancer. However, the interplay between lncRNAs and androgen receptor (AR) signaling in prostate cancer is still unclear. Here, we identified lncRNAs induced by androgen in AR-positive prostate cancer cells, where induction was abolished by AR knockdown as well as an anti-androgen, bicalutamide. By combining these data, we identified an androgen-regulated lncRNA, suppressor of cytokine signaling 2-antisense transcript 1 (SOCS2-AS1), the expression of which was higher in castration-resistant prostate cancer model cells, i.e long-term androgen-deprived (LTAD) cells, than in parental androgen-dependent LNCaP cells. SOCS2-AS1 promoted castration-resistant and androgen-dependent cell growth. We found that SOCS2-AS1 knockdown up-regulated genes related to the apoptosis pathway, including tumor necrosis factor superfamily 10 (TNFSF10), and sensitized prostate cancer cells to docetaxel treatment. Moreover, we also demonstrated that SOCS2-AS1 promotes androgen signaling by modulating the epigenetic control for AR target genes including TNFSF10 These findings suggest that SOCS2-AS1 plays an important role in the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer by repressing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Misawa
- From the Department of Anti-aging Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Takayama
- From the Department of Anti-aging Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, the Department of Functional Biogerontology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan, and
| | - Tomohiko Urano
- From the Department of Anti-aging Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- From the Department of Anti-aging Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, the Department of Functional Biogerontology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan, and the Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1241, Japan
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63
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Peng HY, Jiang SS, Hsiao JR, Hsiao M, Hsu YM, Wu GH, Chang WM, Chang JY, Jin SLC, Shiah SG. IL-8 induces miR-424-5p expression and modulates SOCS2/STAT5 signaling pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Oncol 2016; 10:895-909. [PMID: 27038552 PMCID: PMC5423170 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are negative feedback regulators of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway. Dysregulation of SOCS protein expression in cancers can be one of the mechanisms that maintain STAT activation, but this mechanism is still poorly understood in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Here, we report that SOCS2 protein is significantly downregulated in OSCC patients and its levels are inversely correlated with miR‐424‐5p expression. We identified the SOCS2 protein, which modulates STAT5 activity, as a direct target of miR‐424‐5p. The miR‐424‐5p‐induced STAT5 phosphorylation, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression, and cell migration and invasion were blocked by SOCS2 restoration, suggesting that miR‐424‐5p exhibits its oncogenic activity through negatively regulating SOCS2 levels. Furthermore, miR‐424‐5p expression could be induced by the cytokine IL‐8 primarily through enhancing STAT5 transcriptional activity rather than NF‐κB signaling. Antagomir‐mediated inactivation of miR‐424‐5p prevented the IL‐8‐induced cell migration and invasion, indicating that miR‐424‐5p is required for IL‐8‐induced cellular invasiveness. Taken together, these data indicate that STAT5‐dependent expression of miR‐424‐5p plays an important role in mediating IL‐8/STAT5/SOCS2 feedback loop, and scavenging miR‐424‐5p function using antagomir may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of OSCC. miR‐424‐5p is overexpressed in OSCC. miR‐424‐5p directly targets SOCS2, leading to increased cell migration and invasion. STAT5 activation is required for IL‐8‐mediated miR‐424‐5p transcription. miR‐424‐5p plays an important role in mediating IL‐8/STAT5/SOCS2 feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Yu Peng
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Sheng Jiang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jenn-Ren Hsiao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Collaborative Oncology Group, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ming Hsu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Hsun Wu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Min Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Yang Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medical, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - Shine-Gwo Shiah
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.
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Khan S, Shukla S, Sinha S, Meeran SM. Epigenetic targets in cancer and aging: dietary and therapeutic interventions. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 20:689-703. [PMID: 26667209 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1132702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epigenetic regulation plays a critical role in normal growth and embryonic development by controlling the transcriptional activities of several genes. A growing number of epigenetic changes have been reported in the regulation of key genes involved in cancer and aging. Drugs with epigenetic modulatory activities, mainly histone deacetylase and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors, have received wider attention in aging and cancer research. AREAS COVERED In this review, we summarize the major epigenetic alterations in cancer and aging, with special emphasis on possible therapeutic targets and interventions by dietary as well as bioactive phytochemicals. EXPERT OPINION Some epigenetic-targeting drugs have received FDA approval and many others are undergoing different phases of clinical trials for cancer therapy. In addition to the synthetic compounds, several bioactive phytochemicals and dietary interventions, such as caloric restriction, have been shown to possess epigenetic modulatory activities in multiple cancers. These epigenetic modulators have been shown to delay aging and minimize the risk of cancer both in preclinical as well as clinical models. Therefore, knowledge of bioactive phytochemicals along with dietary interventions can be utilized for cancer prevention and therapy both alone and with existing drugs to achieve optimum efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Khan
- a Division of Endocrinology , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| | - Samriddhi Shukla
- a Division of Endocrinology , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| | - Sonam Sinha
- a Division of Endocrinology , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| | - Syed Musthapa Meeran
- a Division of Endocrinology , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
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IL-6 promotes an increase in human mast cell numbers and reactivity through suppression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 137:1863-1871.e6. [PMID: 26774658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-6, levels of which are reported to be increased in association with mastocytosis, asthma, and urticaria, is used in conjunction with stem cell factor to generate CD34(+) cell-derived primary human mast cell (HuMC) cultures. Despite these associations, the effects on and mechanisms by which prolonged exposure to IL-6 alters HuMC numbers and function are not well understood. OBJECTIVES We sought to study the effect of IL-6 on HuMC function, the mechanisms by which IL-6 exerts its effects, and the relationship of these findings to mastocytosis. METHODS HuMCs were cultured in stem cell factor with or without IL-6. Responses to FcεRI aggregation and expression of proteases and receptors, including the soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), were then quantitated. Epigenetic changes in suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) were determined by using methylation-specific PCR. Serum samples from healthy control subjects and patients with mastocytosis were assayed for IL-6, tryptase, and sIL-6R. RESULTS IL-6 enhanced mast cell (MC) proliferation, maturation, and reactivity after FcεRI aggregation. IL-6 reduced expression of SOCS3, which correlated with methylation of the SOCS3 promoter and increased expression and activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. IL-6 also suppressed constitutive production of sIL-6R, and serum levels of sIL-6R were similarly reduced in patients with mastocytosis. CONCLUSION IL-6 increases MC proliferation and formation of a more reactive phenotype enabled by suppressing proteolytic cleavage of sIL-6R from IL-6R and downregulation of the SOCS3 autoinhibitory pathway. We suggest IL-6 blockade might ameliorate MC-related symptoms and pathology in patients with MC-related diseases associated with increased IL-6 levels, including mastocytosis.
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66
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Mei Z, Chen S, Chen C, Xiao B, Li F, Wang Y, Tao Z. Interleukin-23 Facilitates Thyroid Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion by Inhibiting SOCS4 Expression via MicroRNA-25. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139456. [PMID: 26437444 PMCID: PMC4593557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin–23 (IL–23) is a conventional proinflammatory cytokine that plays a role in tumor progression by inducing inflammation in the tumor microenvironment. However, the role of IL–23 in thyroid cancer migration and invasion remains unclear. In the present study, we observed that the treatment with IL–23, induced migration and invasion in human thyroid cancer cells. Additional data demonstrate that SOCS4 negatively regulates IL-23-mediated migration and invasion. On investigating the mechanisms involved in IL–23 mediated migration and invasion, we observed that miR–25 promotes the migration and invasion of thyroid cancer cells by directly binding to the 3′-UTR of SOCS4 that leads to the inhibition of SOCS4. In addition, we also demonstrated that IL–23 increases miR–25 expression levels, and overexpressed miR–25 is involved in IL-23-associated SOCS4 inhibition and cell migration and invasion. Together, our data suggest that IL–23 induces migration and invasion in thyroid cancer cells by mediating the miR–25/SOCS4 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidan Mei
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Remin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiming Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Remin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Bokui Xiao
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Fen Li
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongping Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Remin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Zezhang Tao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Remin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, the People’s Republic of China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, the People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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67
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Gavrilina OA, Zvonkov EE, Biderman BV, Severina NA, Parovichnikova EN. [SOCSJ gene mutations in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2015; 87:105-111. [PMID: 26390734 DOI: 10.17116/terarkh2015877105-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a heterogeneous group of diseases, which accounts for 30% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Current molecular studies have confirmed that there are several DLBCL subtypes characterized by different cellular origin, cytogenetic profile, molecular genetic disorders, and different pathogenesis. Impaired JAK-STAT signaling is a part of the pathogenesis of various cancers, including DLBCL. The review deals with the molecular genetic aspects of the occurrence of DLBCL and the function of the SOCSI gene that has been proven to be responsible for the development of several cancers. Mutations of this gene result from spontaneously impaired B-cell somatic hypermutation and they are frequently inactivating. The presence of point mutations in the functionally significant region of this gene in DLBCL could identify a group of patients with poor prognosis during standard chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Gavrilina
- Hematology Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - E E Zvonkov
- Hematology Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - B V Biderman
- Hematology Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - N A Severina
- Hematology Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - E N Parovichnikova
- Hematology Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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68
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Roncero AM, López-Nieva P, Cobos-Fernández MA, Villa-Morales M, González-Sánchez L, López-Lorenzo JL, Llamas P, Ayuso C, Rodríguez-Pinilla SM, Arriba MC, Piris MA, Fernández-Navarro P, Fernández AF, Fraga MF, Santos J, Fernández-Piqueras J. Contribution of JAK2 mutations to T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma development. Leukemia 2015. [PMID: 26216197 PMCID: PMC4705429 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The JAK-STAT pathway has a substantial role in lymphoid precursor cell proliferation, survival and differentiation. Nonetheless, the contribution of JAK2 to T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) development remains poorly understood. We have identified one activating TEL-JAK2 translocation and four missense mutations accumulated in 2 out of 16 T-LBL samples. Two of them are novel JAK2 mutations and the other two are reported for the first time in T-LBL. Notably, R683G and I682T might have arisen owing to RNA editing. Mutated samples showed different mutated transcripts suggesting sub-clonal heterogeneity. Functional approaches revealed that two JAK2 mutations (H574R and R683G) constitutively activate JAK-STAT signaling in γ2A cells and can drive the proliferation of BaF3-EpoR cytokine-dependent cell line. In addition, aberrant hypermethylation of SOCS3 might contribute to enhance the activation of JAK-STAT signaling. Of utmost interest is that primary T-LBL samples harboring JAK2 mutations exhibited increased expression of LMO2, suggesting a mechanistic link between JAK2 mutations and the expression of LMO2, which was confirmed for the four missense mutations in transfected γ2A cells. We therefore propose that active JAK2 contribute to T-LBL development by two different mechanisms, and that the use of pan-JAK inhibitors in combination with epigenetic drugs should be considered in future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Roncero
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - P López-Nieva
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - M A Cobos-Fernández
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - M Villa-Morales
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - L González-Sánchez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | | | - P Llamas
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Ayuso
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | | | - M C Arriba
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - M A Piris
- Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Fundación IFIMAV, Santander, Spain
| | - P Fernández-Navarro
- Unidad de Epidemiología Ambiental y Cáncer, Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,IIS Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - A F Fernández
- Unidad de Epigenética del Cáncer, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA-CSIC), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - M F Fraga
- Unidad de Epigenética del Cáncer, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA-CSIC), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain.,Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Madrid, Spain
| | - J Santos
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - J Fernández-Piqueras
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
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Ayyildiz T, Dolar E, Adim SB, Eminler AT, Yerci O. Lack of prognostic significance of SOCS-1 expression in colorectal adenocarcinomas. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:8469-74. [PMID: 25339048 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.19.8469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent studies have indicated that down-regulation of the suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS-1) gene results in tumor formation and that SOCS-1 acts as a tumor suppressor gene. SOCS-1 has been also suggested to function as a tumor suppressor with colorectal cancer. OBJECTIVES In the present study, we aimed to determine the association of SOCS-1 expression in colorectal cancer tissues with clinicopathologic characteristics immunohistochemically and also to identify its prognostic significance. MATERIALS AND METHODS SOCS-1 expression was studied immunohistochemically in 67 patients diagnosed with resected colorectal carcinomas and 30 control subjects. RESULTS SOCS-1 expression was found in 46.3% of tumor tissues and 46.7% of the control group. Statistical analyses did not establish any significant association between SOCS-1 expression and clinicopathologic characteristics. Also, no significant association with SOCS-1 expression was found using progression-free survival and overall survival analyses (p=0.326 and p=0.360, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our results show that SOCS-1 has no prognostic significance in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talat Ayyildiz
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey E-mail :
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70
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Fridrichova I, Smolkova B, Kajabova V, Zmetakova I, Krivulcik T, Mego M, Cierna Z, Karaba M, Benca J, Pindak D, Bohac M, Repiska V, Danihel L. CXCL12 and ADAM23 hypermethylation are associated with advanced breast cancers. Transl Res 2015; 165:717-30. [PMID: 25620615 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
More than 25% of the patients with breast cancer (BC) develop metastatic disease. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between DNA methylation levels in genes regulating cell growth, invasiveness, and metastasis and advanced BCs and evaluated the clinical utility of methylation profiles for detecting metastatic potential. Pyrosequencing was used to quantify methylation levels in 11 cancer-associated genes in primary tumors (PTs), lymph node metastases (LNMs), plasma (PL), and blood cells from 206 patients with invasive BC. Protein expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. PTs showed hypermethylation of A isoform of the RAS-association domain family 1 (RASSF1A), adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 12 (CXCL12), and disintegrin and metalloprotease domain 23 (ADAM23) (means 38.98%, 24.84%, 12.04%, and 10.01%, respectively). Positive correlations were identified between methylations in PTs and LNMs, but not between PL and PTs. The cumulative methylation of PTs and LNMs manifested similar spectrums of methylated genes that indicate the maintaining of aberrant methylation during breast tumorigenesis. Significantly increased methylation levels in RASSF1A, APC, CXCL12, and ADAM23 were found in estrogen receptor (ER) positive BCs in comparison with ER negative cases. Regarding these results, the evaluation of DNA methylation could be more informative in testing of patients with ER positive BC. The risk for LNMs development and higher proliferation of cancer cells measured through Ki-67 expression was increased by hypermethylation of CXCL12 and ADAM23, respectively. Therefore, the quantification of CXCL12 and ADAM23 methylation could be useful for the prediction of advanced stage of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Fridrichova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute of SAS, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Bozena Smolkova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute of SAS, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Viera Kajabova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute of SAS, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Iveta Zmetakova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute of SAS, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Tomas Krivulcik
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute of SAS, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Michal Mego
- Faculty of Medicine, Second Department of Oncology, Comenius University, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Cierna
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathological Anatomy, Comenius University, University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Marian Karaba
- Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Juraj Benca
- Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Daniel Pindak
- Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Martin Bohac
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Vanda Repiska
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Comenius University, University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ludovit Danihel
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathological Anatomy, Comenius University, University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Pathological-Anatomical Workplace, Health Care Surveillance Authority, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Targeting JAK kinase in solid tumors: emerging opportunities and challenges. Oncogene 2015; 35:939-51. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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72
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Yu D, Zhang G, Huang X, Wu C, Tan W, Qiao Y, Chang J, Zhao H, Bi X, Cai J, Li Y, Lin D. Relatively Small Contribution of Methylation and Genomic Copy Number Aberration to the Aberrant Expression of Inflammation-Related Genes in HBV-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126836. [PMID: 25965583 PMCID: PMC4429029 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is well known that chronic inflammation plays a pivotal role in the development of hepatitis B virus (HBV) related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the causes behind aberrant expression of inflammation-related genes occurred in HCC remain unclear. Methods We performed array-based analyses to comprehensively investigate the contributions of DNA methylation and somatic copy number aberration (SCNA) to the aberrant expression of 1,027 inflammation-related genes in 30 HCCs and paired non-tumor tissues. The results were validated in public datasets and an additional sample set of 47 paired HCCs and non-tumor tissues. Results We identified 252 differentially expressed, 125 aberrantly methylated and 287 copy number changed inflammation-related genes. Despite reasonable statistical power, among them, only 11 genes and 56 genes whose aberrant expression was associated with DNA methylation or SCNA, respectively. DNA methylation and SCNA together contributed to less than 30% aberrant expression of inflammation-related genes. Conclusion These results suggest that molecular mechanisms other than DNA methylation and SCNA might play major role in the regulation of aberrant expression of inflammation-related gene in HBV-related HCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianke Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Department of Etiology & Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guosheng Zhang
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Xudong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Department of Etiology & Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Department of Etiology & Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Department of Etiology & Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Department of Etiology & Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Department of Etiology & Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Bi
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqiang Cai
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (DL); (YL); (JC)
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DL); (YL); (JC)
| | - Dongxin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Department of Etiology & Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (DL); (YL); (JC)
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Fu X, Ren L, Chen J, Liao K, Fu Y, Qian X, Xiao J. Characterization of the roles of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 in prostate cancer development and progression. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2015; 11:106-13. [PMID: 25899712 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
As negative feedback regulators of cytokine signaling, suppressor of cytokine signaling proteins are induced by interleukins and various peptide hormones and may prevent sustained activation of signaling pathways. In particular, suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3) plays pivotal roles in the development and progression of various cancers and exerts pleiotropic effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis. In recent years, abnormal expression of SOCS-3 and its multiple functions have been extensively investigated in human carcinomas, particularly in prostate cancer. SOCS-3 can act as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor depending on the cellular context. In this review, we focus on the role of SOCS-3 in prostate cancer development and prognosis, as well as the potential of SOCS-3 as a therapeutic target and diagnostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Fu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Al-Jamal HAN, Jusoh SAM, Yong AC, Asan JM, Hassan R, Johan MF. Silencing of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 due to methylation results in phosphorylation of STAT3 in imatinib resistant BCR-ABL positive chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:4555-61. [PMID: 24969884 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.11.4555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silencing due to methylation of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3), a negative regulator gene for the JAK/STAT signaling pathway has been reported to play important roles in leukemogenesis. Imatinib mesylate is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that specifically targets the BCR-ABL protein and induces hematological remission in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Unfortunately, the majority of CML patients treated with imatinib develop resistance under prolonged therapy. We here investigated the methylation profile of SOCS-3 gene and its downstream effects in a BCR-ABL positive CML cells resistant to imatinib. MATERIALS AND METHODS BCR-ABL positive CML cells resistant to imatinib (K562-R) were developed by overexposure of K562 cell lines to the drug. Cytotoxicity was determined by MTS assays and IC50 values calculated. Apoptosis assays were performed using annexin V-FITC binding assays and analyzed by flow cytometry. Methylation profiles were investigated using methylation specific PCR and sequencing analysis of SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 genes. Gene expression was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR, and protein expression and phosphorylation of STAT1, 2 and 3 were examined by Western blotting. RESULTS The IC50 for imatinib on K562 was 362 nM compared to 3,952 nM for K562-R (p=0.001). Percentage of apoptotic cells in K562 increased upto 50% by increasing the concentration of imatinib, in contrast to only 20% in K562-R (p<0.001). A change from non-methylation of the SOCS-3 gene in K562 to complete methylation in K562-R was observed. Gene expression revealed down- regulation of both SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 genes in resistant cells. STAT3 was phosphorylated in K562-R but not K562. CONCLUSIONS Development of cells resistant to imatinib is feasible by overexposure of the drug to the cells. Activation of STAT3 protein leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation in imatinib resistant BCR-ABL due to DNA methylation of the SOCS-3 gene. Thus SOCS-3 provides a suitable candidate for mechanisms underlying the development of imatinib resistant in CML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid A N Al-Jamal
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia E-mail :
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Abstract
Three classes of E3 ubiquitin ligases, members of the Cbl, Hakai, and SOCS-Cul5-RING ligase families, stimulate the ubiquitination of phosphotyrosine-containing proteins, including receptor and nonreceptor tyrosine kinases and their phosphorylated substrates. Because ubiquitination frequently routes proteins for degradation by the lysosome or proteasome, these E3 ligases are able to potently inhibit tyrosine kinase signaling. Their loss or mutational inactivation can contribute to cancer, autoimmunity, or endocrine disorders, such as diabetes. However, these ligases also have biological functions that are independent of their ubiquitination activity. Here we review relevant literature and then focus on more-recent developments in understanding the structures, substrates, and pathways through which the phosphotyrosine-specific ubiquitin ligases regulate diverse aspects of cell biology.
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Abstract
In this Opinion article, we summarize how changes in DNA methylation occur during aging in mammals and discuss examples of how such events may contribute to the aging process. We explore mechanisms that could facilitate DNA methylation changes in a site-specific manner and highlight a model in which region-specific DNA hypermethylation during aging is facilitated in a competitive manner by destabilization of the Polycomb repressive complex.
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77
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XU YANG, WANG WENLING, GOU AIHONG, LI HAITAO, TIAN YANLI, YAO MEIHUA, YANG RONGYA. Effects of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 silencing on human melanoma cell proliferation and interferon-γ sensitivity. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:583-8. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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78
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Identification of SOCS2 and SOCS6 as biomarkers in human colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:726-35. [PMID: 25025962 PMCID: PMC4134506 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past years, some members of the family of suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) proteins have emerged as potential tumour suppressors. This study aimed at investigating the clinical significance of SOCS proteins in colorectal carcinoma (CRC). METHODS We integrated publicly available microarray expression data on CRC in humans, analysed the expression pattern of SOCSs and assessed the predictive power of SOCS2 and SOCS6 for diagnostic purposes by generating receiver operating characteristic curves. Using laser microdissected patient material we assessed SOCS expression on RNA and protein levels as well as their methylation status in an independent CRC patient cohort. Finally, we investigated the prognostic value of SOCS2 and SOCS6. RESULTS The meta-analysis as well as the independent patient cohort analysis reveal a stage-independent downregulation of SOCS2 and SOCS6 and identify both molecules as diagnostic biomarkers for CRC. We demonstrate a different methylation pattern within the SOCS2 promoter between tumour tissue and normal control tissue in 25% of CRC patients. Furthermore, early CRC stage patients with low expression of SOCS2 display significantly shorter disease-free survival. CONCLUSIONS Our data offers evidence that SOCS2 and SOCS6 levels are reduced in CRC and may serve as diagnostic biomarkers for CRC patients.
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Abstract
Genome‐wide SNP analyses have identified genomic variants associated with adult human height. However, these only explain a fraction of human height variation, suggesting that significant information might have been systematically missed by SNP sequencing analysis. A candidate for such non‐SNP‐linked information is DNA methylation. Regulation by DNA methylation requires the presence of CpG islands in the promoter region of candidate genes. Seventy two of 87 (82.8%), height‐associated genes were indeed found to contain CpG islands upstream of the transcription start site (USC CpG island searcher; validation: UCSC Genome Browser), which were shown to correlate with gene regulation. Consistent with this, DNA hypermethylation modules were detected in 42 height‐associated genes, versus 1.5% of control genes (P = 8.0199e−17), as were dynamic methylation changes and gene imprinting. Epigenetic heredity thus appears to be a determinant of adult human height. Major findings in mouse models and in human genetic diseases support this model. Modulation of DNA methylation are candidate to mediate environmental influence on epigenetic traits. This may help to explain progressive height changes over multiple generations, through trans‐generational heredity of progressive DNA methylation patterns. Epigenetic heredity appears to be a determinant of adult human height. Major findings in mouse models and in human genetic diseases support this model. Modulation of DNA methylation is candidate to mediate environmental influence on epigenetic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Simeone
- Unit of Cancer Pathology, Department of Neuroscience and Imaging and CeSI, University "G. d'Annunzio" Foundation, Chieti Scalo, Italy
| | - Saverio Alberti
- Unit of Cancer Pathology, Department of Neuroscience and Imaging and CeSI, University "G. d'Annunzio" Foundation, Chieti Scalo, Italy
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Obatoclax analog SC-2001 inhibits STAT3 phosphorylation through enhancing SHP-1 expression and induces apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 146:71-84. [PMID: 24903225 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-3000-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Interfering oncogenic STAT3 signaling is a promising anti-cancer strategy. We examined the efficacy and drug mechanism of an obatoclax analog SC-2001, a novel STAT3 inhibitor, in human breast cancer cells. Human breast cancer cell lines were used for in vitro studies. Apoptosis was examined by both flow cytometry and western blot. Signaling pathways were assessed by western blot. In vivo efficacy of SC-2001 was tested in xenograft nude mice. SC-2001 inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in association with downregulation of p-STAT3 (Tyr 705) in breast cancer cells. STAT3-regulated proteins, including Mcl-1, survivin, and cyclin D1, were repressed by SC-2001. Over-expression of STAT3 in MDA-MB-468 cells protected cells from SC-2001-induced apoptosis. Moreover, SC-2001 enhanced the expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1, a negative regulator of STAT3. Furthermore, the enhanced SHP-1 expression, in conjunction with increased SHP-1 phosphatase activity, was mediated by upregulated transcription by RFX-1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that SC-2001 increased the binding capacity of RFX-1 to the SHP-1 promoter. Knockdown of either RFX-1 or SHP-1 reduced SC-2001-induced apoptosis, whereas ectopic expression of RFX-1 increased SHP-1 expression and enhanced the apoptotic effect of SC-2001. Importantly, SC-2001 suppressed tumor growth in association with enhanced RFX-1 and SHP-1 expression and p-STAT3 downregulation in MDA-MB-468 xenograft tumors. SC-2001 induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells, an effect that was mediated by RFX-1 upregulated SHP-1 expression and SHP-1-dependent STAT3 inactivation. Our study indicates targeting STAT3 signaling pathway may be a useful approach for the development of targeted agents for anti-breast cancer.
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81
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Li Y, Liang C, Ma H, Zhao Q, Lu Y, Xiang Z, Li L, Qin J, Chen Y, Cho WC, Pestell RG, Liang L, Yu Z. miR-221/222 promotes S-phase entry and cellular migration in control of basal-like breast cancer. Molecules 2014; 19:7122-37. [PMID: 24886939 PMCID: PMC6271560 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19067122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The miR-221/222 cluster has been demonstrated to function as oncomiR in human cancers. miR-221/222 promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and confers tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. However, the effects and mechanisms by which miR-221/222 regulates breast cancer aggressiveness remain unclear. Here we detected a much higher expression of miR-221/222 in highly invasive basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) cells than that in non-invasive luminal cells. A microRNA dataset from breast cancer patients indicated an elevated expression of miR-221/222 in BLBC subtype. S-phase entry of the cell cycle was associated with the induction of miR-221/222 expression. miRNA inhibitors specially targeting miR-221 or miR-222 both significantly suppressed cellular migration, invasion and G1/S transition of the cell cycle in BLBC cell types. Proteomic analysis demonstrated the down-regulation of two tumor suppressor genes, suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibit 1B (CDKN1B), by miR-221/222. This is the first report to reveal miR-221/222 regulation of G1/S transition of the cell cycle. These findings demonstrate that miR-221/222 contribute to the aggressiveness in control of BLBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai 200120, China.
| | - Chunli Liang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai 200120, China.
| | - Haizhong Ma
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai 200120, China.
| | - Qian Zhao
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai 200120, China.
| | - Ying Lu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai 200120, China.
| | - Zhendong Xiang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai 200120, China.
| | - Li Li
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai 200120, China.
| | - Jie Qin
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200120, China.
| | - Yihan Chen
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai 200120, China.
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Richard G Pestell
- Department of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - Li Liang
- Lanzhou University School of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
| | - Zuoren Yu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai 200120, China.
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Hoefer J, Kern J, Ofer P, Eder IE, Schäfer G, Dietrich D, Kristiansen G, Geley S, Rainer J, Gunsilius E, Klocker H, Culig Z, Puhr M. SOCS2 correlates with malignancy and exerts growth-promoting effects in prostate cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2014; 21:175-87. [PMID: 24280133 PMCID: PMC3907181 DOI: 10.1530/erc-13-0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Deregulation of cytokine and growth factor signaling due to an altered expression of endogenous regulators is well recognized in prostate cancer (PCa) and other cancers. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) is a key regulator of the GH, IGF, and prolactin signaling pathways that have been implicated in carcinogenesis. In this study, we evaluated the expression patterns and functional significance of SOCS2 in PCa. Protein expression analysis employing tissue microarrays from two independent patient cohorts revealed a significantly enhanced expression in tumor tissue compared with benign tissue as well as association with Gleason score and disease progression. In vitro and in vivo assays uncovered the involvement of SOCS2 in the regulation of cell growth and apoptosis. Functionally, SOCS2 knockdown inhibited PCa cell proliferation and xenograft growth in a CAM assay. Decreased cell growth after SOCS2 downregulation was associated with cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. In addition, we proved that SOCS2 expression is significantly elevated upon androgenic stimulation in androgen receptor (AR)-positive cell lines, providing a possible mechanistic explanation for high SOCS2 levels in PCa tissue. Consequently, SOCS2 expression correlated with AR expression in the malignant tissue of patients. On the whole, our study linked increased SOCS2 expression in PCa with a pro-proliferative role in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hoefer
- Experimental Urology, Department of UrologyInnsbruck Medical UniversityAnichstrasse 35A-6020, InnsbruckAustria
| | - Johann Kern
- Oncotyrol Laboratory for Tumor Biology and AngiogenesisInnsbruckAustria
| | - Philipp Ofer
- Experimental Urology, Department of UrologyInnsbruck Medical UniversityAnichstrasse 35A-6020, InnsbruckAustria
| | - Iris E Eder
- Experimental Urology, Department of UrologyInnsbruck Medical UniversityAnichstrasse 35A-6020, InnsbruckAustria
| | - Georg Schäfer
- Experimental Urology, Department of UrologyInnsbruck Medical UniversityAnichstrasse 35A-6020, InnsbruckAustria
| | - Dimo Dietrich
- Institute of PathologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
| | | | - Stephan Geley
- Division of Molecular PathophysiologyInnsbruck Biocenter Medical University InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Johannes Rainer
- Division of Molecular PathophysiologyInnsbruck Biocenter Medical University InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | | | - Helmut Klocker
- Experimental Urology, Department of UrologyInnsbruck Medical UniversityAnichstrasse 35A-6020, InnsbruckAustria
| | - Zoran Culig
- Experimental Urology, Department of UrologyInnsbruck Medical UniversityAnichstrasse 35A-6020, InnsbruckAustria
- Correspondence should be addressed to Z Culig or M Puhr Emails: or
| | - Martin Puhr
- Experimental Urology, Department of UrologyInnsbruck Medical UniversityAnichstrasse 35A-6020, InnsbruckAustria
- Correspondence should be addressed to Z Culig or M Puhr Emails: or
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The role of suppressors of cytokine signalling in human neoplasms. Mol Biol Int 2014; 2014:630797. [PMID: 24757565 PMCID: PMC3976820 DOI: 10.1155/2014/630797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppressors of cytokine signalling 1-7 (SOCS1-7) and cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (CIS) are a group of intracellular proteins that are well known as JAK-STAT and several other signalling pathways negative feedback regulators. More recently several members have been identified as tumour suppressors and dysregulation of their biological roles in controlling cytokine and growth factor signalling may contribute to the development of many solid organ and haematological malignancies. This review explores their biological functions and their possible tumour suppressing role in human neoplasms.
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Feng Y, Wang Z, Bao Z, Yan W, You G, Wang Y, Hu H, Zhang W, Zhang Q, Jiang T. SOCS3 promoter hypermethylation is a favorable prognosticator and a novel indicator for G-CIMP-positive GBM patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91829. [PMID: 24633048 PMCID: PMC3954800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypermethylation of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3(SOCS3) promoter has been reported to predict a poor prognosis in several cancers including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). We explored the function of SOCS3 promoter hypermethylation in GBM cohorts, including analysis of the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), when a large number of gene loci are simultaneously hypermethylated. METHODS A whole genome promoter methylation profile was performed in a cohort of 33 GBM samples, with 13 long-term survivors (LTS; overall survival ≥ 18 months) and 20 short-term survivors (STS; overall survival ≤ 9 months). The SOCS3 promoter methylation status was compared between the two groups. In addition, we investigated the relationship of SOCS3 promoter methylation and G-CIMP status. RESULTS Interestingly, in our present study, we found that SOCS3 promoter methylation was statistically significantly higher in the 13 LTS than that in the 20 STS. Furthermore, high SOCS3 promoter methylation detected via pyro-sequencing predicted a better prognosis in an independent cohort containing 62 GBM patients. This correlation was validated by the dataset from the Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA) and the Chinese Cancer Genome Atlas(CGGA). In addition, we found that hypermethylation of the SOCS3 promoter was tightly associated with the G-CIMP-positive GBM patients. CONCLUSIONS Using a total of 359 clinical samples, we demonstrate that SOCS3 promoter hypermethylation status has a favorable prognostic value in GBM patients because of whole genome methylation status. Particularly, the hypermethylation of the SOCS3 promoter indicates positive G-CIMP status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Feng
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoshi Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Gan You
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yinyan Wang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Hu
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (WZ); (QZ); (TJ)
| | - Quangeng Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (WZ); (QZ); (TJ)
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (WZ); (QZ); (TJ)
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85
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Cheng C, Huang C, Ma TT, Xu T, Wang YR, Zhang L, Jun L. New surprises of suppressor of cytokine signalling in liver fibrosis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 18:415-26. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.885953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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86
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Cheng C, Huang C, Ma TT, Bian EB, He Y, Zhang L, Li J. SOCS1 hypermethylation mediated by DNMT1 is associated with lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory cytokines in macrophages. Toxicol Lett 2014; 225:488-97. [PMID: 24440346 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Revised: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages activation which releases the pro-inflammatory cytokines is an essential event in the process of inflammation. SOCS1 has been shown to act as a negative regulator of cytokine signals and plays a key role in the suppression of tissue injury and inflammatory diseases. DNA methylation mediated by specific DNA methyltransferases1 (DNMT1) which contributes to the epigenetic silencing of multiple genes. SOCS1 promoter hypermethylation is by far the best categorized epigenetic change in tumors. Our study with a view to investigate whether the loss of SOCS1 due to SOCS1 promoter methylation was involved in the course of inflammatory cytokines released from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. Here, we found that treatment of LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells with the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-azadC) reduced aberrant promoter hypermethylation of SOCS1 and prevented the loss of the expression of SOCS1 in macrophages which secret inflammatory cytokines. Knockdown of DNMT1 gene not only attenuated the SOCS1 gene promoter methylation but also up-regulated the expression of SOCS1 in activated RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, silencing of DNMT1 prevented the activation of JAK2/STAT3 pathway in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. These studies demonstrated that DNMT1-mediated SOCS1 hypermethylation caused the loss of SOCS1 expression results in negative regulation of activation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, and enhanced the release of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6 in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tao-Tao Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Er-Bao Bian
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yong He
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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87
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Teckchandani A, Laszlo GS, Simó S, Shah K, Pilling C, Strait AA, Cooper JA. Cullin 5 destabilizes Cas to inhibit Src-dependent cell transformation. J Cell Sci 2013; 127:509-20. [PMID: 24284072 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.127829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation-dependent protein ubiquitylation and degradation provides an irreversible mechanism to terminate protein kinase signaling. Here, we report that mammary epithelial cells require cullin-5-RING-E3-ubiquitin-ligase complexes (Cul5-CRLs) to prevent transformation by a Src-Cas signaling pathway. Removal of Cul5 stimulates growth-factor-independent growth and migration, membrane dynamics and colony dysmorphogenesis, which are all dependent on the endogenous tyrosine kinase Src. Src is activated in Cul5-deficient cells, but Src activation alone is not sufficient to cause transformation. We found that Cul5 and Src together stimulate degradation of the Src substrate p130Cas (Crk-associated substrate). Phosphorylation stimulates Cas binding to the Cul5-CRL adaptor protein SOCS6 and consequent proteasome-dependent degradation. Cas is necessary for the transformation of Cul5-deficient cells. Either knockdown of SOCS6 or use of a degradation-resistant Cas mutant stimulates membrane ruffling, but not other aspects of transformation. Our results show that endogenous Cul5 suppresses epithelial cell transformation by several pathways, including inhibition of Src-Cas-induced ruffling through SOCS6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Teckchandani
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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88
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Chan SR, Rickert CG, Vermi W, Sheehan KCF, Arthur C, Allen JA, White JM, Archambault J, Lonardi S, McDevitt TM, Bhattacharya D, Lorenzi MV, Allred DC, Schreiber RD. Dysregulated STAT1-SOCS1 control of JAK2 promotes mammary luminal progenitor cell survival and drives ERα(+) tumorigenesis. Cell Death Differ 2013; 21:234-46. [PMID: 24037089 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2013.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that STAT1 expression is frequently abrogated in human estrogen receptor-α-positive (ERα(+)) breast cancers and mice lacking STAT1 spontaneously develop ERα(+) mammary tumors. However, the precise mechanism by which STAT1 suppresses mammary gland tumorigenesis has not been fully elucidated. Here we show that STAT1-deficient mammary epithelial cells (MECs) display persistent prolactin receptor (PrlR) signaling, resulting in activation of JAK2, STAT3 and STAT5A/5B, expansion of CD61(+) luminal progenitor cells and development of ERα(+) mammary tumors. A failure to upregulate SOCS1, a STAT1-induced inhibitor of JAK2, leads to unopposed oncogenic PrlR signaling in STAT1(-/-) MECs. Prophylactic use of a pharmacological JAK2 inhibitor restrains the proportion of luminal progenitors and prevents disease induction. Systemic inhibition of activated JAK2 induces tumor cell death and produces therapeutic regression of pre-existing endocrine-sensitive and refractory mammary tumors. Thus, STAT1 suppresses tumor formation in mammary glands by preventing the natural developmental function of a growth factor signaling pathway from becoming pro-oncogenic. In addition, targeted inhibition of JAK2 may have significant therapeutic potential in controlling ERα(+) breast cancer in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Chan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 425S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - C G Rickert
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 425S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - W Vermi
- 1] Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 425S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA [2] Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Pathology, University of Brescia School of Medicine, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - K C F Sheehan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 425S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - C Arthur
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 425S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - J A Allen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 425S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - J M White
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 425S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - J Archambault
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 425S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - S Lonardi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Pathology, University of Brescia School of Medicine, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - T M McDevitt
- Oncology Drug Discovery, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - D Bhattacharya
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 425S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - M V Lorenzi
- Oncology Drug Discovery, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - D C Allred
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 425S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - R D Schreiber
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 425S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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89
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Uekuri C, Shigetomi H, Ono S, Sasaki Y, Matsuura M, Kobayashi H. Toward an understanding of the pathophysiology of clear cell carcinoma of the ovary (Review). Oncol Lett 2013; 6:1163-1173. [PMID: 24179489 PMCID: PMC3813717 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis-associated ovarian cancers demonstrate substantial morphological and genetic diversity. The transcription factor, hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-1β, may be one of several key genes involved in the identity of ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC). The present study reviews a considerably expanded set of HNF-1β-associated genes and proteins that determine the pathophysiology of CCC. The current literature was reviewed by searching MEDLINE/PubMed. Functional interpretations of gene expression profiling in CCC are provided. Several important CCC-related genes overlap with those known to be regulated by the upregulation of HNF-1β expression, along with a lack of estrogen receptor (ER) expression. Furthermore, the genetic expression pattern in CCC resembles that of the Arias-Stella reaction, decidualization and placentation. HNF-1β regulates a subset of progesterone target genes. HNF-1β may also act as a modulator of female reproduction, playing a role in endometrial regeneration, differentiation, decidualization, glycogen synthesis, detoxification, cell cycle regulation, implantation, uterine receptivity and a successful pregnancy. In conclusion, the present study focused on reviewing the aberrant expression of CCC-specific genes and provided an update on the pathological implications and molecular functions of well-characterized CCC-specific genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu Uekuri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
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90
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Inagaki-Ohara K, Kondo T, Ito M, Yoshimura A. SOCS, inflammation, and cancer. JAKSTAT 2013; 2:e24053. [PMID: 24069550 PMCID: PMC3772102 DOI: 10.4161/jkst.24053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction pathways elicited by cytokines and hormones have been shown to regulate distinct stages of development. Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are negative feedback regulators of cytokine signaling mediated by the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. In particular, SOCS1 and SOCS3 are potent inhibitors of JAKs and can play pivotal roles in inflammation, as well as in the development and progression of cancers. Abnormal expression of SOCS1 and SOCS3 in cancer cells has been reported in human carcinoma associated with dysregulation of signals from cytokine receptors, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and hormone receptors, resulting in malignancies. In this review, we focus on the role of SOCS1 and SOCS3 in cancer development. In addition, the potential of SOCS as a therapeutic target and diagnostic aid will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Inagaki-Ohara
- Department of Gastroenterology; Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology; Research Institute; National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM); Ichikawa, Japan
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91
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Linossi EM, Babon JJ, Hilton DJ, Nicholson SE. Suppression of cytokine signaling: the SOCS perspective. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2013; 24:241-8. [PMID: 23545160 PMCID: PMC3816980 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of the Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS) family of proteins has resulted in a significant body of research dedicated to dissecting their biological functions and the molecular mechanisms by which they achieve potent and specific inhibition of cytokine and growth factor signaling. The Australian contribution to this field has been substantial, with the initial discovery of SOCS1 by Hilton, Starr and colleagues (discovered concurrently by two other groups) and the following work, providing a new perspective on the regulation of JAK/STAT signaling. In this review, we reflect on the critical discoveries that have lead to our current understanding of how SOCS proteins function and discuss what we see as important questions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmond M Linossi
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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92
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Shao C, Yang B, Zhao L, Wang S, Zhang J, Wang K. Tumor suppressor gene RBM5 delivered by attenuated Salmonella inhibits lung adenocarcinoma through diverse apoptotic signaling pathways. World J Surg Oncol 2013; 11:123. [PMID: 23721095 PMCID: PMC3673837 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-11-123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background RBM5 (RNA-binding motif protein 5, also named H37/LUCA-15) gene from chromosome 3p21.3 has been demonstrated to be a tumor suppressor. Current researches in vitro confirm that RBM5 can suppress the growth of lung adenocarcinoma cells by inducing apoptosis. There is still no effective model in vivo, however, that thoroughly investigates the effect and molecular mechanism of RBM5 on lung adenocarcinoma. Method We established the transplanted tumor model on BALB/c nude mice using the A549 cell line. The mice were treated with the recombinant plasmids carried by attenuated Salmonella to induce the overexpression of RBM5 in tumor tissues. RBM5 overexpression was confirmed by immunohistochemistry staining. H&E staining was performed to observe the histological performance on plasmids-treated A549 xenografts. Apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL staining with a TUNEL detection kit. Apoptosis-regulated genes were detected by Western blot. Results We successful established the lung adenocarcinoma animal model in vivo. The growth of tumor xenografts was significantly retarded on the mice treated with pcDNA3.1-RBM5 carried by attenuated Salmonella compared to that on mice treated with pcDNA3.1. Overexpression of RBM5 enhanced the apoptosis in tumor xenografts. Furthermore, the expression of Bcl-2 protein was decreased significantly, while the expression of BAX, TNF-α, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-8, cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved PARP proteins was significantly increased in the pcDNA3.1-RBM5-treated mice as compared to that in the control mice. Conclusions In this study, we established a novel animal model to determine RBM5 function in vivo, and concluded that RBM5 inhibited tumor growth in mice by inducing apoptosis. The study suggests that although RBM5’s involvement in the death receptor-mediated apoptotic pathway is still to be investigated, RBM5-mediated growth suppression, at least in part, employs regulation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, 18 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
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93
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Zhu JG, Dai QS, Han ZD, He HC, Mo RJ, Chen G, Chen YF, Wu YD, Yang SB, Jiang FN, Chen WH, Sun ZL, Zhong WD. Expression of SOCSs in human prostate cancer and their association in prognosis. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 381:51-9. [PMID: 23666742 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1687-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins have been identified as negative feedback regulators of cytokine-mediated signaling in various tissues, and demonstrated to play critical roles in tumorigenesis and tumor development of different cancers. The involvement of SOCSs in human prostate cancer (PCa) has not been fully elucidated. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the expression patterns and the clinical significance of SOCSs in PCa. The expression changes of SOCSs at mRNA and protein levels in human PCa tissues compared with adjacent benign prostate tissues were, respectively, detected by using real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry analyses. The associations of SOCSs expression with clinicopathological features and clinical outcome of PCa patients were further statistically analyzed. Among SOCSs, both QRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry analyses found that SOCS2 expression was upregulated (at mRNA level: change ratio = 1.98, P = 0.031; at protein level: 5.12 ± 0.60 vs. 2.68 ± 0.37, P = 0.016) and SOCS6 expression was downregulated (at mRNA level: change ratio = -1.65, P = 0.008; at protein level: 3.03 ± 0.32 vs. 4.0.72 ± 0.39, P = 0.004) in PCa tissues compared with those in non-cancerous prostate tissues. In addition, the upregulation of SOCS2 in PCa tissues was correlated with the lower Gleason score (P < 0.001), the absence of metastasis (P < 0.001) and the negative PSA failure (P = 0.009); the downregulation of SOCS6 tended to be found in PCa tissues with the higher Gleason score (P = 0.016), the advanced pathological stage (P = 0.007), the positive metastasis (P = 0.020), and the positive PSA failure (P = 0.032). Furthermore, both univariate and multivariate analyses showed that the downregulation of SOCS2 was an independent predictor of shorter biochemical recurrence-free survival. Our data offer the convincing evidence for the first time that the dysregulation of SOCS2 and SOCS6 may be associated with the aggressive progression of PCa. SOCS2 may be potential markers for prognosis in PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-guo Zhu
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou, China
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94
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Socs36E attenuates STAT signaling to optimize motile cell specification in the Drosophila ovary. Dev Biol 2013; 379:152-66. [PMID: 23583584 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The Janus kinase/Signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway determines cell fates by regulating gene expression. One example is the specification of the motile cells called border cells during Drosophila oogenesis. It has been established that too much or too little STAT activity disrupts follicle cell identity and cell motility, which suggests the signaling must be precisely regulated. Here, we find that Suppressor of cytokine signaling at 36E (Socs36E) is a necessary negative regulator of JAK/STAT signaling during border cell specification. We find when STAT signaling is too low to induce migration in the presumptive border cell population, nearby follicle cells uncharacteristically become invasive to enable efficient migration of the cluster. We generated a genetic null allele that reveals Socs36E is required in the anterior follicle cells to limit invasive behavior to an optimal number of cells. We further show Socs36E genetically interacts with the required STAT feedback inhibitor apontic (apt) and APT's downstream target, mir-279, and provide evidence that suggests APT directly regulates Socs36E transcriptionally. Our work shows Socs36E plays a critical role in a genetic circuit that establishes a boundary between the motile border cell cluster and its non-invasive epithelial neighbors through STAT attenuation.
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95
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Huidobro C, Toraño EG, Fernández AF, Urdinguio RG, Rodríguez RM, Ferrero C, Martínez-Camblor P, Boix L, Bruix J, García-Rodríguez JL, Varela-Rey M, Mato JM, Martínez-Chantar ML, Fraga MF. A DNA methylation signature associated with the epigenetic repression of glycine N-methyltransferase in human hepatocellular carcinoma. J Mol Med (Berl) 2013; 91:939-50. [PMID: 23475283 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-013-1010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The basic mechanisms underlying promoter DNA hypermethylation in cancer are still largely unknown. It has been proposed that the levels of the methyl donor group in DNA methylation reactions, S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), might be involved. SAMe levels depend on the glycine-N-methyltransferase (GNMT), a one-carbon group methyltransferase, which catalyzes the conversion of SAMe to S-adenosylhomocysteine in hepatic cells. GNMT has been proposed to display tumor suppressor activity and to be frequently repressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we show that GNMT shows aberrant DNA hypermethylation in some HCC cell lines and primary tumors (20 %). GNMT hypermethylation could contribute to gene repression and its restoration in cell lines displaying hypermethylation-reduced tumor growth in vitro. In agreement, human primary tumors expressing GNMT were of smaller size than tumors showing GNMT hypermethylation. Genome-wide analyses of gene promoter methylation identified 277 genes whose aberrant methylation in HCC was associated with GNMT methylation/expression. The findings in this manuscript indicate that DNA hypermethylation plays an important role in the repression of GNMT in HCC and that loss of GNMT in human HCC could promote the establishment of aberrant DNA methylation patterns at specific gene promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Covadonga Huidobro
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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96
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Reduced expression of SOCS2 and SOCS6 in hepatocellular carcinoma correlates with aggressive tumor progression and poor prognosis. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 378:99-106. [PMID: 23475171 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1599-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the clinical significance of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-2 and SOCS6 in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The expression levels of SOCS2 and SOCS6 mRNA and protein in tumor, para-tumor and normal liver tissues were detected in 106 HCC patients by real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. According to qRT-PCR and western blot analyses, we first found that both the expression levels of SOCS2 and SOCS6 mRNA and protein in HCC were significantly lower than those in para-tumor (both P < 0.001) and normal liver tissues (both P < 0.001). Then, the correlation analysis showed that both SOCS2 and SOCS6 protein downregulation were significantly correlated with advanced TNM stage (both P < 0.001) and high serum AFP (P = 0.008 and 0.01, respectively). Especially, the reduced expression of SOCS2 more frequently occurred in HCC patients with vascular invasion (P = 0.03), and that of SOCS6 was also associated with tumor recurrence (P = 0.01). Moreover, HCC patients with low expression of SOCS2 and SOCS6 had significantly shorter overall (P = 0.008 and 0.01, respectively) and disease-free survival (both P = 0.01). Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed that both SOCS2 and SOCS6 downregulation were independent prognostic factors of overall (P = 0.01 and 0.03, respectively) and disease-free survival (P = 0.01 and 0.03, respectively) in HCC. Our data demonstrate for the first time that SOCS2 and SOCS6 expression were remarkably reduced in HCC and may be served as potential prognostic markers for patients with this deadly disease.
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97
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Molavi O, Wang P, Zak Z, Gelebart P, Belch A, Lai R. Gene methylation and silencing of SOCS3 in mantle cell lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2013; 161:348-56. [PMID: 23432547 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The significance of loss of SOCS3, a negative regulator of signalling pathways including those of STAT3 and NF-κB, was examined in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). The protein expression and gene methylation status of SOCS3 were detected using immunohistochemistry/Western blots and methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction, respectively. To evaluate its functional importance, SOCS3 was restored in two SOCS3-negative MCL cell lines using a lentiviral vector. Loss of SOCS3 protein expression was found in 3/4 MCL cell lines and 18/33 (54.5%) tumours. SOCS3 was found consistently methylated in cell lines (3/4) and tumours (7/7) negative for SOCS3, and was unmethylated in all SOCS3-positive cell line (1/1) and tumours (5/5) examined. Treatment of all three SOCS3-negative cell lines with 2'-deoxy-5-azacytidine restored SOCS3 expression. SOCS3 is biologically important in MCL, as lentiviral transfer of SOCS3 in SOCS3-negative cell lines increased their apoptotic activity, downregulated nuclear factor (NF)-κB-p65, cyclin D1 (CCND1), BCL2 and BCL-XL (BCL2L1), and substantially dampened interleukin 10-induced STAT3 activation. In 19 patients aged ≤ 69 years at time of diagnosis, we found that those that carried SOCS3-negative tumours showed a trend toward a worse outcome (P = 0.1, log-rank).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ommoleila Molavi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Shields BJ, Wiede F, Gurzov EN, Wee K, Hauser C, Zhu HJ, Molloy TJ, O'Toole SA, Daly RJ, Sutherland RL, Mitchell CA, McLean CA, Tiganis T. TCPTP regulates SFK and STAT3 signaling and is lost in triple-negative breast cancers. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:557-70. [PMID: 23166300 PMCID: PMC3554209 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01016-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent signaling, as mediated by members of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family (ErbB1 to -4) of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), Src family PTKs (SFKs), and cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) that signal via signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), is critical to the development and progression of many human breast cancers. EGFR, SFKs, and STAT3 can serve as substrates for the protein tyrosine phosphatase TCPTP (PTPN2). Here we report that TCPTP protein levels are decreased in a subset of breast cancer cell lines in vitro and that TCPTP protein is absent in a large proportion of "triple-negative" primary human breast cancers. Homozygous TCPTP deficiency in murine mammary fat pads in vivo is associated with elevated SFK and STAT3 signaling, whereas TCPTP deficiency in human breast cancer cell lines enhances SFK and STAT3 signaling. On the other hand, TCPTP reconstitution in human breast cancer cell lines severely impaired cell proliferation and suppressed anchorage-independent growth in vitro and xenograft growth in vivo. These studies establish TCPTP's potential to serve as a tumor suppressor in human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Shields
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Florian Wiede
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Esteban N. Gurzov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kenneth Wee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christine Hauser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hong-Jian Zhu
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy J. Molloy
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre & Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sandra A. O'Toole
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre & Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roger J. Daly
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre & Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert L. Sutherland
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre & Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christina A. Mitchell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catriona A. McLean
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tony Tiganis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Dhar K, Rakesh K, Pankajakshan D, Agrawal DK. SOCS3 promotor hypermethylation and STAT3-NF-κB interaction downregulate SOCS3 expression in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 304:H776-85. [PMID: 23335796 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00570.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) is an intracellular negative regulator of cytokine signaling pathway. We recently found significant reduction in SOCS3 expression in coronary artery smooth muscle cells (CASMCs) of atherosclerotic swine and also in vitro cultured cells. Here, we investigated the underlying mechanisms of SOCS3 downregulation by IGF-1 and TNF-α in human CASMCs(hCASMCs). We propose that hypermethylation of CpG islands in the SOCS3 promoter is responsible for decrease in SOCS3 expression involving STAT3 and NFkB-p65 interaction. Western blot and qPCR data revealed significant upregulation of SOCS3 (6- to 10-fold) in hCASMC when treated individually with TNF-α (100 ng/ml) or IGF-1 (100 ng/ml). However, a significant decrease (5-fold) was observed by the combined treatment with TNF-α and IGF-1 compared with individual stimulation. IGF-1 phosphorylated STAT3 and TNF-α-activated NF-κB in hCASMCs. In the nuclear extract of hCASMCs stimulated with both TNF-α and IGF-1, there was an interaction between NF-κB-p65 and pSTAT3, as determined by co-immunoprecipitation. Knockdown of STAT3 by small interfering RNA abolished SOCS3 expression in response to IGF-1. Methylation-specific PCR confirmed hypermethylation of SOCS3 promoter in hCASMCs stimulated with both TNF-α and IGF-1, and this was positively associated with elevated levels of DNA methyltransferase-I (9- to 10-fold). Knockdown of DNMT1 increased SOCS3 expression in IGF-1+TNF-α-stimulated cells. Downregulation of SOCS3 in the presence of both TNF-α and IGF-1 in hCASMCs is due to SOCS3 promoter hypermethylation involving STAT3-NFkBp65 interaction. Because TNF-α and IGF-1 are released due to mechanical injury during coronary intervention, hypermethylation of SOCS3 gene could be an underlying mechanism of intimal hyperplasia and restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajari Dhar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
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Vijayaraghavalu S, Dermawan JK, Cheriyath V, Labhasetwar V. Highly synergistic effect of sequential treatment with epigenetic and anticancer drugs to overcome drug resistance in breast cancer cells is mediated via activation of p21 gene expression leading to G2/M cycle arrest. Mol Pharm 2012; 10:337-52. [PMID: 23215027 DOI: 10.1021/mp3004622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations such as aberrant DNA methylation and histone modifications contribute substantially to both the cause and maintenance of drug resistance. These epigenetic changes lead to silencing of tumor suppressor genes involved in key DNA damage-response pathways, making drug-resistant cancer cells nonresponsive to conventional anticancer drug therapies. Our hypothesis is that treating drug-resistant cells with epigenetic drugs could restore the sensitivity to anticancer drugs by reactivating previously silenced genes. To test our hypothesis, we used drug-resistant breast cancer cells (MCF-7/ADR) and two epigenetic drugs that act via different mechanisms--5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (decitabine, DAC), a demethylating agent, and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor--in combination with doxorubicin. We show that the sequential treatment of resistant cells, first with an epigenetic drug (DAC), and then with doxorubicin, induces a highly synergistic effect, thus reducing the IC(50) of doxorubicin by several thousand fold. The sequential treatment caused over 90% resistant cells to undergo G2/M cell cycle arrest, determined to be due to upregulation of p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression, which is responsible for cell-cycle regulation. The induction of p21(WAF1/CIP1) correlated well with the depletion of DNA methyltransferase1 (DNMT1), an enzyme that promotes methylation of DNA, suggesting that the p21(WAF1/CIP1) gene may have been methylated and hence is inactive in MCF-7/ADR cells. Microarray analysis shows expression of several tumor suppressor genes and downregulation of tumor promoter genes, particularly in sequentially treated resistant cells. Sequential treatment was found to be significantly more effective than simultaneous treatment, and DAC was more effective than SAHA in overcoming doxorubicin resistance. Synergistic effect with sequential treatment was also seen in drug-sensitive breast cancer cells, but the effect was significantly more pronounced in resistant cells. In conclusion, the sequential treatment of an epigenetic drug in combination with doxorubicin induces a highly synergistic effect that overcomes doxorubicin resistance in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumar Vijayaraghavalu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
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