51
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Harjunpää H, Llort Asens M, Guenther C, Fagerholm SC. Cell Adhesion Molecules and Their Roles and Regulation in the Immune and Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1078. [PMID: 31231358 PMCID: PMC6558418 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 396] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system and cancer have a complex relationship with the immune system playing a dual role in tumor development. The effector cells of the immune system can recognize and kill malignant cells while immune system-mediated inflammation can also promote tumor growth and regulatory cells suppress the anti-tumor responses. In the center of all anti-tumor responses is the ability of the immune cells to migrate to the tumor site and to interact with each other and with the malignant cells. Cell adhesion molecules including receptors of the immunoglobulin superfamily and integrins are of crucial importance in mediating these processes. Particularly integrins play a vital role in regulating all aspects of immune cell function including immune cell trafficking into tissues, effector cell activation and proliferation and the formation of the immunological synapse between immune cells or between immune cell and the target cell both during homeostasis and during inflammation and cancer. In this review we discuss the molecular mechanisms regulating integrin function and the role of integrins and other cell adhesion molecules in immune responses and in the tumor microenvironment. We also describe how malignant cells can utilize cell adhesion molecules to promote tumor growth and metastases and how these molecules could be targeted in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Harjunpää
- Research Program of Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marc Llort Asens
- Research Program of Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carla Guenther
- Research Program of Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susanna C Fagerholm
- Research Program of Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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52
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Walz S, Maas M, Stenzl A, Todenhöfer T. Bone Health Issues in Patients with Prostate Cancer: An Evidence-Based Review. World J Mens Health 2019; 38:151-163. [PMID: 31081297 PMCID: PMC7076314 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.190044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone health in prostate cancer patients represents a prerequisite for acceptable quality of life and optimal outcome of this disease. The major threat for bone health in prostate cancer displays cancer treatment induced bone loss as well as the development of bone metastases. In recent years, several new pharmaceuticals targeting bone metabolism such as denosumab or androgen pathway targeting drugs (abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide) have been approved for the treatment of progressive disease aiming to interrupt the vicious circle of bone metastasis and aberrant bone resorption. This development raised the awareness of the pivotal role of bone health in prostate cancer and introduced (symptomatic) skeletal related events as an important end point in recent clinical trials. Bone targeted drugs have become standard of care in patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer, their role in metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer has been discussed controversely. In oligometastatic prostate cancer patients several promising approaches in metastasis directed therapy, including conventional surgery, stereotactic ablative radiation and image-guided single-fraction robotic stereotactic radiosurgery (CyberKnife®) were launched but are not in routine clinical use until now caused by sparse clinical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Walz
- Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Moritz Maas
- Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Arnulf Stenzl
- Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tilman Todenhöfer
- Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany.
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53
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Cayrol F, Sterle HA, Díaz Flaqué MC, Barreiro Arcos ML, Cremaschi GA. Non-genomic Actions of Thyroid Hormones Regulate the Growth and Angiogenesis of T Cell Lymphomas. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:63. [PMID: 30814977 PMCID: PMC6381017 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell lymphomas (TCL) are a heterogeneous group of aggressive clinical lymphoproliferative disorders with considerable clinical, morphological, immunophenotypic, and genetic variation, including ~10-15% of all lymphoid neoplasms. Several evidences indicate an important role of the non-neoplastic microenvironment in promoting both tumor growth and dissemination in T cell malignancies. Thus, dysregulation of integrin expression and activity is associated with TCL survival and proliferation. We found that thyroid hormones acting via the integrin αvβ3 receptor are crucial factors in tumor microenvironment (TME) affecting the pathophysiology of TCL cells. Specifically, TH-activated αvβ3 integrin signaling promoted TCL proliferation and induced and an angiogenic program via the up-regulation of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). This was observed both on different TCL cell lines representing the different subtypes of human hematological malignancy, and in preclinical models of TCL tumors xenotransplanted in immunodeficient mice as well. Moreover, development of solid tumors by inoculation of murine TCLs in syngeneic hyperthyroid mice, showed increased tumor growth along with increased expression of cell cycle regulators. The genomic or pharmacological inhibition of integrin αvβ3 decreased VEGF production, induced TCL cell death and decreased in vivo tumor growth and angiogenesis. Here, we review the non-genomic actions of THs on TCL regulation and their contribution to TCL development and evolution. These actions not only provide novel new insights on the endocrine modulation of TCL, but also provide a potential molecular target for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Cayrol
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Helena A Sterle
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Celeste Díaz Flaqué
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Laura Barreiro Arcos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Graciela A Cremaschi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Radioisótopos, Cátedra de Física, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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54
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Sökeland G, Schumacher U. The functional role of integrins during intra- and extravasation within the metastatic cascade. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:12. [PMID: 30657059 PMCID: PMC6337777 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0937-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Formation of distant metastases is by far the most common cause of cancer-related deaths. The process of metastasis formation is complex, and within this complex process the formation of migratory cells, the so called epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), which enables cancer cells to break loose from the primary tumor mass and to enter the bloodstream, is of particular importance. To break loose from the primary cancer, cancer cells have to down-regulate the cell-to-cell adhesion molecuIes (CAMs) which keep them attached to neighboring cancer cells. In contrast to this downregulation of CAMS in the primary tumor, cancer cells up-regulate other types of CAMs, that enable them to attach to the endothelium in the organ of the future metastasis. During EMT, the expression of cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix adhesion molecules and their down- and upregulation is therefore critical for metastasis formation. Tumor cells mimic leukocytes to enable transmigration of the endothelial barrier at the metastatic site. The attachment of leukocytes/cancer cells to the endothelium are mediated by several CAMs different from those at the site of the primary tumor. These CAMs and their ligands are organized in a sequential row, the leukocyte adhesion cascade. In this adhesion process, integrins and their ligands are centrally involved in the molecular interactions governing the transmigration. This review discusses the integrin expression patterns found on primary tumor cells and studies whether their expression correlates with tumor progression, metastatic capacity and prognosis. Simultaneously, further possible, but so far unclearly characterized, alternative adhesion molecules and/or ligands, will be considered and emerging therapeutic possibilities reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Sökeland
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Udo Schumacher
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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55
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Byrne NM, Summers MA, McDonald MM. Tumor Cell Dormancy and Reactivation in Bone: Skeletal Biology and Therapeutic Opportunities. JBMR Plus 2019; 3:e10125. [PMID: 30918917 PMCID: PMC6419605 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the advanced stages of many cancers, tumor cells disseminate from the primary site and colonize distant locations such as the skeleton. These disseminated tumor cells colonizing bone can evade treatments and survive for prolonged periods in a dormant state before becoming reactivated to form overt metastases. The precise interactions between tumor cells and the bone microenvironment that promote survival, dormancy, and reactivation are currently unknown; as a result, bone metastases remain incurable. In this review we discuss the unique cellular and microenvironmental features of endosteal bone that tumor cells engage with to persist and survive, and ultimately reactivate and proliferate. Specifically, we provide a detailed summary of current perspectives on the processes of tumor cell colonization of the skeleton, and the endosteal bone cells as critical controllers of the dormant cancer cell phenotype, as well as relevant microenvironmental effects such as hypoxia. Evidence for the role of the osteoclast in controlling dormant cancer cell reactivation in bone is highlighted, preceding a discussion of therapeutics targeting the bone microenvironment, including anti‐RANK ligand and bisphosphonate therapies and their potential utility in preventing tumor cell reactivation in addition to protecting bone from tumor‐induced destruction. © 2018 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niall M Byrne
- Bone Biology Division The Garvan Institute of Medical Research Darlinghurst NSW Sydney Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney Darlinghurst NSW Australia
| | - Matthew A Summers
- Bone Biology Division The Garvan Institute of Medical Research Darlinghurst NSW Sydney Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney Darlinghurst NSW Australia
| | - Michelle M McDonald
- Bone Biology Division The Garvan Institute of Medical Research Darlinghurst NSW Sydney Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney Darlinghurst NSW Australia
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56
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Prostate cancer sheds the αvβ3 integrin in vivo through exosomes. Matrix Biol 2018; 77:41-57. [PMID: 30098419 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The αvβ3 integrin has been shown to promote aggressive phenotypes in many types of cancers, including prostate cancer. We show that GFP-labeled αvβ3 derived from cancer cells circulates in the blood and is detected in distant lesions in NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice. We, therefore, hypothesized that αvβ3 travels through exosomes and tested its levels in pools of vesicles, which we designate extracellular vesicles highly enriched in exosomes (ExVs), and in exosomes isolated from the plasma of prostate cancer patients. Here, we show that the αvβ3 integrin is found in patient blood exosomes purified by sucrose or iodixanol density gradients. In addition, we provide evidence that the αvβ3 integrin is transferred through ExVs isolated from prostate cancer patient plasma to β3-negative recipient cells. We also demonstrate the intracellular localization of β3-GFP transferred via cancer cell-derived ExVs. We show that the ExVs present in plasma from prostate cancer patients contain higher levels of αvβ3 and CD9 as compared to plasma ExVs from age-matched subjects who are not affected by cancer. Furthermore, using PSMA antibody-bead mediated immunocapture, we show that the αvβ3 integrin is expressed in a subset of exosomes characterized by PSMA, CD9, CD63, and an epithelial-specific marker, Trop-2. Finally, we present evidence that the levels of αvβ3, CD63, and CD9 remain unaltered in ExVs isolated from the blood of prostate cancer patients treated with enzalutamide. Our results suggest that detecting exosomal αvβ3 integrin in prostate cancer patients could be a clinically useful and non-invasive biomarker to follow prostate cancer progression. Moreover, the ability of αvβ3 integrin to be transferred from ExVs to recipient cells provides a strong rationale for further investigating the role of αvβ3 integrin in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer and as a potential therapeutic target.
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57
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Marelli G, Avigni R, Allavena P, Garlanda C, Mantovani A, Doni A, Erreni M. Optical in vivo imaging detection of preclinical models of gut tumors through the expression of integrin αVβ3. Oncotarget 2018; 9:31380-31396. [PMID: 30140377 PMCID: PMC6101137 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical imaging and Fluorescent Molecular Tomography (FMT) are becoming increasingly important for the study of different preclinical models of cancer, providing a non-invasive method for the evaluation of tumor progression in a relatively simple and fast way. Intestinal tumors, in particular colorectal cancer (CRC), represent a major cause of cancer-related death in Western countries: despite the presence of a number of preclinical models of intestinal carcinogenesis, there is a paucity of information about the possibility to detect intestinal tumors using fluorescent probes and optical in vivo imaging. Herein, we identify the detection of integrin αvβ3 by FMT and optical imaging as an effective approach to assess the occurrence and progression of intestinal carcinogenesis in genetic and chemically-induced mouse models. For this purpose, a commercially available probe (IntegriSense), recognizing integrin αvβ3, was injected in APC+/min mice bearing small intestinal adenomas or CRC: FMT analysis allowed a specific tumor detection, further confirmed by subsequent ex vivo imaging or conventional histology. In addition, IntegriSense detection by FMT allowed the longitudinal monitoring of tumor growth. Taken together, our data indicate the possibility to use integrin αvβ3 for the visualization of intestinal tumors in preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Marelli
- IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Current address: Center for Molecular Oncology, Bart Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Roberta Avigni
- IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Allavena
- IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Garlanda
- IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Andrea Doni
- IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Erreni
- IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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58
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Wallstabe L, Mades A, Frenz S, Einsele H, Rader C, Hudecek M. CAR T cells targeting α vβ 3 integrin are effective against advanced cancer in preclinical models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 1. [PMID: 30420973 DOI: 10.1002/acg2.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective Integrins are heterodimeric receptors that convey cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions. Integrin αvβ3 is expressed in several tumour entities including melanoma, glioblastoma, breast, pancreatic and prostate cancer, where it promotes tumour cell survival and metastasis. Here, we generated αvβ3-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells and analysed their antitumour function in pre-clinical models in vitro and in vivo. Methods αvβ3-CARs comprising a super-humanised hLM609 targeting domain with either high or low affinity (hLM609v7, K d = 3 nM vs. hLM609v11, K d = 160 nM) and equipped with either a long or a short IgG4-Fc extracellular spacer (229 vs. 12 amino acids) were expressed in CD8+ and CD4+ T-cells through lentiviral transduction. Results αvβ3-CAR T-cells eliminated αvβ3-positive tumour cells rapidly and specifically, produced IFN-γ and IL-2 (CD4+ > CD8+) and exhibited productive proliferation. In vitro, we observed the strongest reactivity with the higher-affinity hLM609v7 αvβ3-CAR in the short spacer configuration, consistent with the tumour membrane-distal localization of the hLM609 epitope. In a murine xenograft model of metastatic A-375 melanoma, the strongest antitumour effect was mediated by the lower-affinity hLM609v11 αvβ3-CAR. Notably, a single administration of hLM609v11 αvβ3-CAR T-cells was able to induce complete elimination of melanoma lesions, leading to long-term tumour-free survival. Conclusions These data establish αvβ3 integrin as a novel target for CAR T-cell immunotherapy, and affirm our previous notion that binding domain affinity and spacer length can be calibrated to augment CAR reactivity. Clinical implications αvβ3-CAR T-cells have therapeutic potential in several prevalent solid tumours, including melanoma and triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Wallstabe
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Mades
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Silke Frenz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Einsele
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Rader
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Michael Hudecek
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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59
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60
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Yacobovich S, Tuchinsky L, Kirby M, Kardash T, Agranyoni O, Nesher E, Redko B, Gellerman G, Tobi D, Gurova K, Koman I, Ashur Fabian O, Pinhasov A. Novel synthetic cyclic integrin αvβ3 binding peptide ALOS4: Antitumor activity in mouse melanoma models. Oncotarget 2018; 7:63549-63560. [PMID: 27556860 PMCID: PMC5325384 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ALOS4, a unique synthetic cyclic peptide without resemblance to known integrin ligand sequences, was discovered through repeated biopanning with pIII phage expressing a disulfide-constrained nonapeptide library. Binding assays using a FITC-labeled analogue demonstrated selective binding to immobilized αvβ3 and a lack of significant binding to other common proteins, such as bovine serum albumin and collagen. In B16F10 cell cultures, ALOS4 treatment at 72 h inhibited cell migration (30%) and adhesion (up to 67%). Immunofluorescent imaging an ALOS4-FITC analogue with B16F10 cells demonstrated rapid cell surface binding, and uptake and localization in the cytoplasm. Daily injections of ALOS4 (0.1, 0.3 or 0.5 mg/kg i.p.) to mice inoculated with B16F10 mouse melanoma cells in two different cancer models, metastatic and subcutaneous tumor, resulted in reduction of lung tumor count (metastatic) and tumor mass (subcutaneous) and increased survival of animals monitored to 45 and 60 days, respectively. Examination of cellular activity indicated that ALOS4 produces inhibition of cell migration and adhesion in a concentration-dependent manner. Collectively, these results suggest that ALOS4 is a structurally-unique selective αvβ3 integrin ligand with potential anti-metastatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiri Yacobovich
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Lena Tuchinsky
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Michael Kirby
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Tetiana Kardash
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Oryan Agranyoni
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Elimelech Nesher
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.,Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Boris Redko
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Gary Gellerman
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Dror Tobi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Katerina Gurova
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Igor Koman
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Osnat Ashur Fabian
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Albert Pinhasov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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61
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Lu H, Bowler N, Harshyne LA, Craig Hooper D, Krishn SR, Kurtoglu S, Fedele C, Liu Q, Tang HY, Kossenkov AV, Kelly WK, Wang K, Kean RB, Weinreb PH, Yu L, Dutta A, Fortina P, Ertel A, Stanczak M, Forsberg F, Gabrilovich DI, Speicher DW, Altieri DC, Languino LR. Exosomal αvβ6 integrin is required for monocyte M2 polarization in prostate cancer. Matrix Biol 2018. [PMID: 29530483 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic approaches aimed at curing prostate cancer are only partially successful given the occurrence of highly metastatic resistant phenotypes that frequently develop in response to therapies. Recently, we have described αvβ6, a surface receptor of the integrin family as a novel therapeutic target for prostate cancer; this epithelial-specific molecule is an ideal target since, unlike other integrins, it is found in different types of cancer but not in normal tissues. We describe a novel αvβ6-mediated signaling pathway that has profound effects on the microenvironment. We show that αvβ6 is transferred from cancer cells to monocytes, including β6-null monocytes, by exosomes and that monocytes from prostate cancer patients, but not from healthy volunteers, express αvβ6. Cancer cell exosomes, purified via density gradients, promote M2 polarization, whereas αvβ6 down-regulation in exosomes inhibits M2 polarization in recipient monocytes. Also, as evaluated by our proteomic analysis, αvβ6 down-regulation causes a significant increase in donor cancer cells, and their exosomes, of two molecules that have a tumor suppressive role, STAT1 and MX1/2. Finally, using the Ptenpc-/- prostate cancer mouse model, which carries a prostate epithelial-specific Pten deletion, we demonstrate that αvβ6 inhibition in vivo causes up-regulation of STAT1 in cancer cells. Our results provide evidence of a novel mechanism that regulates M2 polarization and prostate cancer progression through transfer of αvβ6 from cancer cells to monocytes through exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Lu
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicholas Bowler
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Larry A Harshyne
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - D Craig Hooper
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shiv Ram Krishn
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Senem Kurtoglu
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carmine Fedele
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Qin Liu
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hsin-Yao Tang
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew V Kossenkov
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - William K Kelly
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kerith Wang
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rhonda B Kean
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Lei Yu
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anindita Dutta
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paolo Fortina
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Cancer Genomics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam Ertel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Cancer Genomics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria Stanczak
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Flemming Forsberg
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dmitry I Gabrilovich
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David W Speicher
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Systems and Computational Biology, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dario C Altieri
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lucia R Languino
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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62
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Pan B, Guo J, Liao Q, Zhao Y. β1 and β3 integrins in breast, prostate and pancreatic cancer: A novel implication. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:5412-5416. [PMID: 29556293 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are transmembrane glycoproteins that consist of an α and a β subunit. Specific integrin heterodimers preferentially bind to distinct extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins to affect the characteristics of cells or the components of the ECM. Among the different integrins, β1 and β3 integrins serve essential roles in the progression of different cancer-associated processes, including the initiation, proliferation, survival, migration and invasion. Furthermore, previous studies have revealed a ratio between these two integrins in cancer cells, which also demonstrated that the functions of these two integrins are paradoxical. This indicated that the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells are not always parallel and may be considered independently maintained. Additionally, the present review may assist in understanding certain aspects of cancer, and in making clinical decisions in a novel and more comprehensive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boju Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Junchao Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Quan Liao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
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63
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Escalona RM, Chan E, Kannourakis G, Findlay JK, Ahmed N. The Many Facets of Metzincins and Their Endogenous Inhibitors: Perspectives on Ovarian Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E450. [PMID: 29393911 PMCID: PMC5855672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately sixty per cent of ovarian cancer patients die within the first five years of diagnosis due to recurrence associated with chemoresistance. The metzincin family of metalloproteinases is enzymes involved in matrix remodeling in response to normal physiological changes and diseased states. Recently, there has been a mounting awareness of these proteinases and their endogenous inhibitors, the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), as superb modulators of cellular communication and signaling regulating key biological processes in cancer progression. This review investigates the role of metzincins and their inhibitors in ovarian cancer. We propose that understanding the metzincins and TIMP biology in ovarian cancer may provide valuable insights in combating ovarian cancer progression and chemoresistance-mediated recurrence in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M Escalona
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
- The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia.
| | - Emily Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - George Kannourakis
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia.
- Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Jock K Findlay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
- The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
| | - Nuzhat Ahmed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
- The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia.
- Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3010, Australia.
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64
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Begemann D, Anastos H, Kyprianou N. Cell death under epithelial-mesenchymal transition control in prostate cancer therapeutic response. Int J Urol 2018; 25:318-326. [DOI: 10.1111/iju.13505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diane Begemann
- Department of Urology; University of Kentucky College of Medicine; Lexington Kentucky USA
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology; University of Kentucky College of Medicine; Lexington Kentucky USA
| | - Harry Anastos
- Department of Urology; University of Kentucky College of Medicine; Lexington Kentucky USA
| | - Natasha Kyprianou
- Department of Urology; University of Kentucky College of Medicine; Lexington Kentucky USA
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology; University of Kentucky College of Medicine; Lexington Kentucky USA
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry; University of Kentucky College of Medicine; Lexington Kentucky USA
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65
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Beer AJ, Schwarzenböck SM, Zantl N, Souvatzoglou M, Maurer T, Watzlowik P, Kessler H, Wester HJ, Schwaiger M, Krause BJ. Non-invasive assessment of inter-and intrapatient variability of integrin expression in metastasized prostate cancer by PET. Oncotarget 2018; 7:28151-9. [PMID: 27058620 PMCID: PMC5053716 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Due to the high expression of the integrin αvβ3 not only on endothelial cells, but also on mature osteoclasts and prostate cancer cells, imaging of osseous metastases with αvβ3-targeted tracers seems promising. However, little is known about the patterns of αvβ3-expression in metastasized prostate cancer lesions in-vivo. Thus we evaluated the uptake of the αvβ3-specific PET tracer [18F]Galacto-RGD for assessment of bone metastases in prostate cancer patients. Results [18F]Galacto-RGD PET identified 58/74 bone-lesions (detection rate of 78.4%) and lymph node metastases in 2/5 patients. The SUVmean was 2.12+/−0.94 (range 0.70–4.38; tumor/blood 1.36+/−0.53; tumor/muscle 2.82+/−1.31) in bone-lesions and 2.21+/−1.18 (range 0.75–3.56) in lymph node metastases. Good visualization and detection of bone metastases was feasible due to a low background activity of the surrounding normal bone tissue. Methods 12 patients with known metastasized prostate cancer according to conventional staging (including bone-scintigraphy and contrast-enhanced CT; median PSA 68.63 ng/ml, range 3.72-1935) were examined with PET after i.v.-injection of [18F]Galacto-RGD. Two blinded nuclear-medicine physicians evaluated the PET-scans in consensus concerning lesion detectability. Volumes-of-interest were drawn in the PET-scans over all metastases defined by conventional staging (maximum of 11 lesions/patient), over the left ventricle, liver and muscle and standardized-uptake-values (SUVs) were calculated. Conclusions Our data show generally elevated uptake of [18F]Galacto-RGD in bone metastases from prostate cancer with a marked inter- and intrapatient variability. While [18F]Galacto-RGD PET is inferior to bone scintigraphy for detection of osseous metastases, it might be valuable in patient screening and monitoring of αvβ3-targeted therapies due to the high variability of αvβ3-expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambros J Beer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany.,Current address: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sarah M Schwarzenböck
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany.,Current address: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Niko Zantl
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany.,Current address: Department of Urology, Klinikum Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Michael Souvatzoglou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany.,Current address: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Tobias Maurer
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Petra Watzlowik
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Horst Kessler
- Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) and Center of Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Institute for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaiger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Bernd Joachim Krause
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany.,Current address: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany
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66
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Jun BJ, Vasanji A, Ricchetti ET, Rodriguez E, Subhas N, Li ZM, Iannotti JP. Quantification of regional variations in glenoid trabecular bone architecture and mineralization using clinical computed tomography images. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:85-96. [PMID: 28561262 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate feasibility of a clinical CT imaging and analysis technique to quantify regional variations in trabecular bone architecture and mineralization of glenoid bones. Specifically, our objective was to determine to what extent clinical CT imaging of intact upper extremities can describe variations of trabecular bone architectures at anatomic and peri-implant regions by comparing trabecular bone architectures as measured by high-resolution, micro CT imaging of same excised glenoid bones. Bone volume fraction (BVF), trabecular bone thickness (TbTh), number of trabecular bone (TbN), spacing (TbS), pattern factor (TbPf), bone surface area (BSA), and skeletal connectivity (Conn.), in addition to bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD), were quantified from both clinical and micro CT images using whole bone, anatomic, and peri-implant bone masks. Strong correlations of BVF, TbTh, TbSp, BMC, and BMD were found between clinical CT and micro CT imaging methods. The variations in BVF, TbTh, TbSp, TbN, BMC, and BMD at anatomical and peri-implant regions were larger than those at whole bone regions. In this study, we have demonstrated that this clinical CT imaging methodology can be used to quantify variations of a patient's glenoid bone at anatomic and peri-implant levels. Statement of Clinical Significance. An in vivo quantitative assessment of glenoid trabecular bone architecture in the anatomic and peri-implant regions may improve our understanding on the role of bone quality on glenoid component loosening following total shoulder arthroplasty. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:85-96, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong-Jae Jun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland 44195, Ohio.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland 44195, Ohio
| | | | - Eric T Ricchetti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland 44195, Ohio
| | - Eric Rodriguez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland 44195, Ohio
| | - Naveen Subhas
- Department of Radiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland 44195, Ohio
| | - Zong-Ming Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland 44195, Ohio.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland 44195, Ohio
| | - Joseph P Iannotti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland 44195, Ohio
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Zhang N, Ma D, Wang L, Zhu X, Pan Q, Zhao Y, Zhu W, Zhou J, Wang L, Chai Z, Ao J, Sun H, Tang Z. Insufficient Radiofrequency Ablation Treated Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Promote Metastasis by Up-Regulation ITGB3. J Cancer 2017; 8:3742-3754. [PMID: 29151962 PMCID: PMC5688928 DOI: 10.7150/jca.20816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is one of the standards of care for early stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, rapid progression of residual tumor after RFA has been confirmed. The aim of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon. Human HCC cell lines HCCLM3 and HepG2 were employed to establish insufficient RFA models in vivo and in vitro, respectively. The effects of insufficient RFA on metastatic potential of residual tumors were evaluated. The molecular changes after insufficient RFA were evaluated by PCR array, western blot, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. Results showed that insufficient RFA significantly promoted lung and intrahepatic residual tumor cells in vivo, and heat intervention promoted migration and invasion of hepatoma cells in vitro. PCR array revealed that the expression of integrin β3 (ITGB3) and MMP2 were up-regulated in the residual tumors of HCCLM3 xenograft model. The up-regulation of ITGB3 was confirmed by qRT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Knockdown ITGB3 expression in HCCLM3 cells by shRNA significantly lowered the pro-metastatic effects of insufficient RFA. Mechanism studies indicated that ITGB3 mediated the expression of MMP2 by activing FAK/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. The up-regulation of ITGB3 contributed to enhanced metastatic potential of residual cancer in HCCLM3 model after insufficient RFA. Targeting ITGB3 expression may further improve the clinical effects of RFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Dening Ma
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Pan
- Department of Liver Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiping Zhu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiamin Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Longrong Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongtao Chai
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianyang Ao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huichuan Sun
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoyou Tang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
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Exploring the Role of RGD-Recognizing Integrins in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9090116. [PMID: 28869579 PMCID: PMC5615331 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9090116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are key regulators of communication between cells and with their microenvironment. Eight members of the integrin superfamily recognize the tripeptide motif Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) within extracelluar matrix (ECM) proteins. These integrins constitute an important subfamily and play a major role in cancer progression and metastasis via their tumor biological functions. Such transmembrane adhesion and signaling receptors are thus recognized as promising and well accessible targets for novel diagnostic and therapeutic applications for directly attacking cancer cells and their fatal microenvironment. Recently, specific small peptidic and peptidomimetic ligands as well as antibodies binding to distinct integrin subtypes have been developed and synthesized as new drug candidates for cancer treatment. Understanding the distinct functions and interplay of integrin subtypes is a prerequisite for selective intervention in integrin-mediated diseases. Integrin subtype-specific ligands labelled with radioisotopes or fluorescent molecules allows the characterization of the integrin patterns in vivo and later the medical intervention via subtype specific drugs. The coating of nanoparticles, larger proteins, or encapsulating agents by integrin ligands are being explored to guide cytotoxic reagents directly to the cancer cell surface. These ligands are currently under investigation in clinical studies for their efficacy in interference with tumor cell adhesion, migration/invasion, proliferation, signaling, and survival, opening new treatment approaches in personalized medicine.
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69
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Kwakwa KA, Sterling JA. Integrin αvβ3 Signaling in Tumor-Induced Bone Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9070084. [PMID: 28698458 PMCID: PMC5532620 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9070084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-induced bone disease is common among patients with advanced solid cancers, especially those with breast, prostate, and lung malignancies. The tendency of these cancers to metastasize to bone and induce bone destruction is, in part, due to alterations in integrin expression and signaling. Substantial evidence from preclinical studies shows that increased expression of integrin αvβ3 in tumor cells promotes the metastatic and bone-invasive phenotype. Integrin αvβ3 mediates cell adhesion to several extracellular matrix proteins in the bone microenvironment which is necessary for tumor cell colonization as well as the transmission of mechanical signals for tumor progression. This review will discuss the αvβ3 integrin receptor in the context of tumor-induced bone disease. Specifically, the focus will be the role of αvβ3 in modulating cancer metastasis to bone and tumor cell response to the bone microenvironment, including downstream signaling pathways that contribute to tumor-induced osteolysis. A better understanding of integrin dysregulation in cancer is critical to developing new therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin A Kwakwa
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Julie A Sterling
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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70
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Do MT, Chai TF, Casey PJ, Wang M. Isoprenylcysteine carboxylmethyltransferase function is essential for RAB4A-mediated integrin β3 recycling, cell migration and cancer metastasis. Oncogene 2017; 36:5757-5767. [PMID: 28604748 PMCID: PMC5658678 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Isoprenylcysteine carboxylmethyltransferase (ICMT) catalyzes the post-translational modification of RAB GTPases that contain C-terminal CXC motifs. However, the functional impact of this modification on RAB proteins has not been actively explored. We found that inhibition of ICMT significantly reduced cell migration in vitro and cancer invasion and metastasis in vivo. This role of ICMT was found to be mediated by RAB4A, an essential regulator of the fast recycling of integrin β3. Integrin β3 regulates cell polarity and migration when localized appropriately to the plasma membrane, thereby having an essential role in cancer metastasis. ICMT catalyzed carboxylmethylation is critical for RAB4A activation and interaction with effectors, its localization to endosomes and recycling vesicles, and hence important for RAB4A-dependent integrin β3 recycling to plasma membrane. These findings bring attention to the effects of C-terminal carboxylmethylation on RAB GTPases and provide a rationale for targeting ICMT in the treatment of metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Do
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - T F Chai
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - P J Casey
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - M Wang
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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71
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Abstract
Conjugates of cytotoxic agents with RGD peptides (Arg-Gly-Asp) addressed to ανβ3, α5β1 and ανβ6 integrin receptors overexpressed by cancer cells, have recently gained attention as potential selective anticancer chemotherapeutics. In this review, the design and the development of RGD conjugates coupled to different small molecules including known cytotoxic drugs and natural products will be discussed.
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72
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Najmeh S, Cools-Lartigue J, Rayes RF, Gowing S, Vourtzoumis P, Bourdeau F, Giannias B, Berube J, Rousseau S, Ferri LE, Spicer JD. Neutrophil extracellular traps sequester circulating tumor cells via β1-integrin mediated interactions. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:2321-2330. [PMID: 28177522 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in cancer treatment, metastasis remains today the main cause of cancer death. Local control through complete surgical resection of the primary tumor continues to be a key principle in cancer treatment. However, surgical interventions themselves lead to adverse oncologic outcomes and are associated with significantly increased rates of metastasis. Neutrophils through release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in response to infections were shown to be able to capture circulating cancer cells, and in doing so, support the development of metastatic disease. To be able to intervene on this process, understanding the exact molecular nature of these mechanisms is crucial. We therefore hypothesize and demonstrate that β1-integrin is an important factor mediating the interactions between circulating tumor cells and NETs. We show that β1-integrin expression on both cancer cells and NETs is important for the adhesion of circulating tumor cells to NETs both in vitro and in vivo. Using a murine model of intra-abdominal sepsis to mimic the postoperative inflammatory environment, we show that β1-integrin expression is upregulated in the context of inflammation in vivo. Ultimately, we show that this increased early cancer cell adhesion to NETs in vivo and this effect is abrogated when mice are administered DNAse 1. Our data therefore sheds light on the first molecular mechanism by which NETs can trap circulating tumor cells (CTCs), broadening our understanding of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Najmeh
- Department of Surgery, LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Roni F Rayes
- Department of Surgery, LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephen Gowing
- Department of Surgery, LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Phil Vourtzoumis
- Department of Surgery, LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - France Bourdeau
- Department of Surgery, LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Betty Giannias
- Department of Surgery, LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Berube
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University and the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Rousseau
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University and the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lorenzo E Ferri
- Department of Surgery, LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Spicer
- Department of Surgery, LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Krzeszinski JY, Schwaid AG, Cheng WY, Jin Z, Gallegos ZR, Saghatelian A, Wan Y. Lipid Osteoclastokines Regulate Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis. Endocrinology 2017; 158:477-489. [PMID: 27967239 PMCID: PMC5460780 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone metastasis is a deadly consequence of cancers, in which osteoclast forms a vicious cycle with tumor cells. Bone metastasis attenuation by clinical usage of osteoclast inhibitors and in our osteopetrotic mouse genetic models with β-catenin constitutive activation or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ deficiency fully support the important role of osteoclast in driving the bone metastatic niche. However, the mechanisms for this "partnership in crime" are underexplored. Here we show that osteoclasts reprogram their lipid secretion to support cancer cells. Metabolomic profiling reveals elevated prometastatic arachidonic acid (AA) but reduced antimetastatic lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs). This shift in lipid osteoclastokines synergistically stimulates tumor cell proliferation, migration, survival, and expression of prometastatic genes. Pharmacologically, combined treatment with LPCs and BW-755C, an inhibitor of AA signaling via blocking lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase, impedes breast cancer bone metastasis. Our findings elucidate key paracrine mechanisms for the osteoclast-cancer vicious cycle and uncover important therapeutic targets for bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam G. Schwaid
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; and
| | | | | | - Zachary R. Gallegos
- Department of Pharmacology and
- Simmons Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390;
| | - Alan Saghatelian
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; and
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories of Peptide Biology and Helmsley Center for Genomic Medicine, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Yihong Wan
- Department of Pharmacology and
- Simmons Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390;
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74
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Alpha-enolase (ENO1) controls alpha v/beta 3 integrin expression and regulates pancreatic cancer adhesion, invasion, and metastasis. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:16. [PMID: 28086938 PMCID: PMC5237223 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0385-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously shown that in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) cells, the glycolytic enzyme alpha-enolase (ENO1) also acts as a plasminogen receptor and promotes invasion and metastasis formation. Moreover, ENO1 silencing in PDA cells induces oxidative stress, senescence and profoundly modifies PDA cell metabolism. Although anti-ENO1 antibody inhibits PDA cell migration and invasion, little is known about the role of ENO1 in regulating cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts. We therefore investigated the effect of ENO1 silencing on the modulation of cell morphology, adhesion to matrix substrates, cell invasiveness, and metastatic ability. Methods The membrane and cytoskeleton modifications that occurred in ENO1-silenced (shENO1) PDA cells were investigated by a combination of confocal microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The effect of ENO1 silencing was then evaluated by phenotypic and functional experiments to identify the role of ENO1 in adhesion, migration, and invasion, as well as in senescence and apoptosis. The experimental results were then validated in a mouse model. Results We observed a significant increase in the roughness of the cell membrane due to ENO1 silencing, a feature associated with an impaired ability to migrate and invade, along with a significant downregulation of proteins involved in cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion, including alpha v/beta 3 integrin in shENO1 PDA cells. These changes impaired the ability of shENO1 cells to adhere to Collagen I and IV and Fibronectin and caused an increase in RGD-independent adhesion to vitronectin (VN) via urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR). Binding of uPAR to VN triggers integrin-mediated signals, which result in ERK1-2 and RAC activation, accumulation of ROS, and senescence. In shENO1 cancer cells, the use of an anti-uPAR antibody caused significant reduction of ROS production and senescence. Overall, a decrease of in vitro and in vivo cell migration and invasion of shENO1 PDA cells was observed. Conclusion These data demonstrate that ENO1 promotes PDA survival, migration, and metastasis through cooperation with integrins and uPAR. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13045-016-0385-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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75
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Zhang P, Chen L, Song Y, Li X, Sun Y, Xiao Y, Xing Y. Tetraiodothyroacetic acid and transthyretin silencing inhibit pro-metastatic effect of L-thyroxin in anoikis-resistant prostate cancer cells through regulation of MAPK/ERK pathway. Exp Cell Res 2016; 347:350-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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76
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Xiong S, Klausen C, Cheng JC, Zhu H, Leung PCK. Activin B induces human endometrial cancer cell adhesion, migration and invasion by up-regulating integrin β3 via SMAD2/3 signaling. Oncotarget 2016; 6:31659-73. [PMID: 26384307 PMCID: PMC4741631 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the fourth most common female cancer and the most common gynecological malignancy. Although it comprises only ~10% of all endometrial cancers, the serous histological subtype accounts for ~40% of deaths due to its aggressive behavior and propensity to metastasize. Histopathological studies suggest that elevated expression of activin/inhibin βB subunit is associated with reduced survival in non-endometrioid endometrial cancers (type II, mostly serous). However, little is known about the specific roles and mechanisms of activin (βB dimer) in serous endometrial cancer growth and progression. In the present study, we examined the biological functions of activin B in type II endometrial cancer cell lines, HEC-1B and KLE. Our results demonstrate that treatment with activin B increases cell migration, invasion and adhesion to vitronectin, but does not affect cell viability. Moreover, we show that activin B treatment increases integrin β3 mRNA and protein levels via SMAD2/3-SMAD4 signaling. Importantly, siRNA knockdown studies revealed that integrin β3 is required for basal and activin B-induced cell migration, invasion and adhesion. Our results suggest that activin B-SMAD2/3-integrin β3 signaling could contribute to poor patient survival by promoting the invasion and/or metastasis of type II endometrial cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christian Klausen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jung-Chien Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Te Boekhorst V, Friedl P. Plasticity of Cancer Cell Invasion-Mechanisms and Implications for Therapy. Adv Cancer Res 2016; 132:209-64. [PMID: 27613134 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell migration is a plastic and adaptive process integrating cytoskeletal dynamics, cell-extracellular matrix and cell-cell adhesion, as well as tissue remodeling. In response to molecular and physical microenvironmental cues during metastatic dissemination, cancer cells exploit a versatile repertoire of invasion and dissemination strategies, including collective and single-cell migration programs. This diversity generates molecular and physical heterogeneity of migration mechanisms and metastatic routes, and provides a basis for adaptation in response to microenvironmental and therapeutic challenge. We here summarize how cytoskeletal dynamics, protease systems, cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion pathways control cancer cell invasion programs, and how reciprocal interaction of tumor cells with the microenvironment contributes to plasticity of invasion and dissemination strategies. We discuss the potential and future implications of predicted "antimigration" therapies that target cytoskeletal dynamics, adhesion, and protease systems to interfere with metastatic dissemination, and the options for integrating antimigration therapy into the spectrum of targeted molecular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Te Boekhorst
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - P Friedl
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Cancer Genomics Center (CGC.nl), Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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78
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Zhang J, Niu G, Lang L, Li F, Fan X, Yan X, Yao S, Yan W, Huo L, Chen L, Li Z, Zhu Z, Chen X. Clinical Translation of a Dual Integrin αvβ3- and Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor-Targeting PET Radiotracer, 68Ga-BBN-RGD. J Nucl Med 2016; 58:228-234. [PMID: 27493267 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.177048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to document the first-in-human application of a 68Ga-labeled heterodimeric peptide BBN-RGD (bombesin-RGD) that targets both integrin αvβ3 and gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR). We evaluated the safety and assessed the clinical diagnostic value of 68Ga-BBN-RGD PET/CT in prostate cancer patients in comparison with 68Ga-BBN. METHODS Five healthy volunteers (4 men and 1 woman; age range, 28-53 y) were enrolled to validate the safety of 68Ga-BBN-RGD. Dosimetry was calculated using the OLINDA/EXM software. Thirteen patients with prostate cancer (4 newly diagnosed and 9 posttherapy) were enrolled. All the patients underwent PET/CT scans 15-30 min after intravenous injection of 1.85 MBq (0.05 mCi) per kilogram of body weight of 68Ga-BBN-RGD and also accepted 68Ga-BBN PET/CT within 2 wk for comparison. RESULTS With a mean injected dose of 107.3 ± 14.8 MBq per patient, no side effect was found during the whole procedure and 2 wk follow-up, demonstrating the safety of 68Ga-BBN-RGD. A patient would be exposed to a radiation dose of 2.90 mSv with an injected dose of 129.5 MBq (3.5 mCi), which is much lower than the dose limit set by the Food and Drug Administration. In 13 patients with prostate cancer diagnosed by biopsy, 68Ga-BBN-RGD PET/CT detected 3 of 4 primary tumors, 14 metastatic lymph nodes, and 20 bone lesions with an SUVmax of 4.46 ± 0.50, 6.26 ± 2.95, and 4.84 ± 1.57, respectively. Only 2 of 4 primary tumors, 5 lymph nodes, and 12 bone lesions were positive on 68Ga-BBN PET/CT, with the SUVmax of 2.98 ± 1.24, 4.17 ± 1.89, and 3.61 ± 1.85, respectively. CONCLUSION This study indicates the safety and efficiency of a new type of dual integrin αvβ3- and GRPR-targeting PET radiotracer in prostate cancer diagnosis and staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China .,Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Gang Niu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lixin Lang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinrong Fan
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; and
| | - Xuefeng Yan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shaobo Yao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weigang Yan
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; and
| | - Li Huo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Libo Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
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79
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Stojanović N, Brozovic A, Majhen D, Bosnar MH, Fritz G, Osmak M, Ambriović-Ristov A. Integrin αvβ3 expression in tongue squamous carcinoma cells Cal27 confers anticancer drug resistance through loss of pSrc(Y418). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:1969-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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80
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Singh A, Fedele C, Lu H, Nevalainen MT, Keen JH, Languino LR. Exosome-mediated Transfer of αvβ3 Integrin from Tumorigenic to Nontumorigenic Cells Promotes a Migratory Phenotype. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 14:1136-1146. [PMID: 27439335 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The αvβ3 integrin is known to be highly upregulated during cancer progression and promotes a migratory and metastatic phenotype in many types of tumors. We hypothesized that the αvβ3 integrin is transferred through exosomes and, upon transfer, has the ability to support functional aberrations in recipient cells. Here, for the first time, it is demonstrated that αvβ3 is present in exosomes released from metastatic PC3 and CWR22Pc prostate cancer cells. Exosomal β3 is transferred as a protein from donor to nontumorigenic and tumorigenic cells as β3 protein or mRNA levels remain unaffected upon transcription or translation inhibition in recipient cells. Furthermore, it is shown that upon exosome uptake, de novo expression of an αvβ3 increases adhesion and migration of recipient cells on an αvβ3 ligand, vitronectin. To evaluate the relevance of these findings, exosomes were purified from the blood of TRAMP mice carrying tumors where the expression of αvβ3 is found higher than in exosomes from wild-type mice. In addition, it is demonstrated that αvβ3 is coexpressed with synaptophysin, a biomarker for aggressive neuroendocrine prostate cancer. IMPLICATIONS Overall this study reveals that the αvβ3 integrin is transferred from tumorigenic to nontumorigenic cells via exosomes, and its de novo expression in recipient cells promotes cell migration on its ligand. The increased expression of αvβ3 in exosomes from mice bearing tumors points to its clinical relevance and potential use as a biomarker. Mol Cancer Res; 14(11); 1136-46. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Singh
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Carmine Fedele
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Huimin Lu
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marja T Nevalainen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - James H Keen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lucia R Languino
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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81
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Lee HJ, Yoon YI, Bae YJ. Theragnostic ultrasound using microbubbles in the treatment of prostate cancer. Ultrasonography 2016; 35:309-17. [PMID: 27197842 PMCID: PMC5040139 DOI: 10.14366/usg.16006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of gas-filled microbubbles in perfusion monitoring as intravascular ultrasound contrast agents has recently become more common. Additionally, microbubbles are employed as carriers of pharmaceutical substances or genes. Microbubbles have great potential to improve the delivery of therapeutic materials into cells and to modify vascular permeability, causing increased extravasation of drugs and drug carriers. Prostate cancer is the most common neoplasm in Europe and America, with an incidence twice to three times that of lung and colorectal cancer. Its incidence is still rising in Asian countries, including Japan and Korea. In this review, we present current strategies regarding the synthesis of microbubbles with targeted ligands on their surfaces, with a focus on prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak Jong Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Program in Nanoscience and Technology, Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Il Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Program in Nanoscience and Technology, Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Jung Bae
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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82
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Jing H, Liaw L, Friesel R, Vary C, Hua S, Yang X. Suppression of Spry4 enhances cancer stem cell properties of human MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cells. Cancer Cell Int 2016; 16:19. [PMID: 26973433 PMCID: PMC4787021 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-016-0292-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells contribute to tumor initiation, heterogeneity, and recurrence, and are critical targets in cancer therapy. Sprouty4 (Spry4) is a potent inhibitor of signal transduction pathways elicited by receptor tyrosine kinases, and has roles in regulating cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. Spry4 has been implicated as a tumor suppressor and in modulating embryonic stem cells. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this research was to test the novel idea that Spry4 regulates cancer stem cell properties in breast cancer. METHODS Loss-of function of Spry4 in human MDA-MB-231 cell was used to test our hypothesis. Spry4 knockdown or control cell lines were generated using lentiviral delivery of human Spry4 or non-targeting control shRNAs, and then selected with 2 μg/ml puromycin. Cell growth and migratory abilities were determined using growth curve and cell cycle flow cytometry analyses and scratch assays, respectively. Xenograft tumor model was used to determine the tumorigenic activity and metastasis in vivo. Cancer stem cell related markers were evaluated using immunoblotting assays and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Cancer stem cell phenotype was evaluated using in vitro mammosphere formation and drug sensitivity tests, and in vivo limiting dilution tumor formation assay. RESULTS Two out of three tested human Spry4 shRNAs significantly suppressed the expression of endogenous Spry4 in MDA-MB-231 cells. Suppressing Spry4 expression increased MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation and migration. Suppressing Spry4 increased β3-integrin expression, and CD133(+)CD44(+) subpopulation. Suppressing Spry4 increased mammosphere formation, while decreasing the sensitivity of MDA-MB-231 cells to Paclitaxel treatment. Finally, suppressing Spry4 increased the potency of MDA-MB-231 cell tumor initiation, a feature attributed to cancer stem cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide novel evidence that endogenous Spry4 may have tumor suppressive activity in breast cancer by suppressing cancer stem cell properties in addition to negative effects on tumor cell proliferation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Jing
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074 USA ; Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin Province China
| | - Lucy Liaw
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074 USA
| | - Robert Friesel
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074 USA
| | - Calvin Vary
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074 USA
| | - Shucheng Hua
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin Province China
| | - Xuehui Yang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074 USA
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83
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Kleb B, Estécio MRH, Zhang J, Tzelepi V, Chung W, Jelinek J, Navone NM, Tahir S, Marquez VE, Issa JP, Maity S, Aparicio A. Differentially methylated genes and androgen receptor re-expression in small cell prostate carcinomas. Epigenetics 2016; 11:184-93. [PMID: 26890396 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1146851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Small cell prostate carcinoma (SCPC) morphology is rare at initial diagnosis but often emerges during prostate cancer progression and portends a dismal prognosis. It does not express androgen receptor (AR) or respond to hormonal therapies. Clinically applicable markers for its early detection and treatment with effective chemotherapy are needed. Our studies in patient tumor-derived xenografts (PDX) revealed that AR-negative SCPC (AR(-)SCPC) expresses neural development genes instead of the prostate luminal epithelial genes characteristic of AR-positive castration-resistant adenocarcinomas (AR(+)ADENO). We hypothesized that the differences in cellular lineage programs are reflected in distinct epigenetic profiles. To address this hypothesis, we compared the DNA methylation profiles of AR(-) and AR(+) PDX using methylated CpG island amplification and microarray (MCAM) analysis and identified a set of differentially methylated promoters, validated in PDX and corresponding donor patient samples. We used the Illumina 450K platform to examine additional regions of the genome and the correlation between the DNA methylation profiles of the PDX and their corresponding patient tumors. Struck by the low frequency of AR promoter methylation in the AR(-)SCPC, we investigated this region's specific histone modification patterns by chromatin immunoprecipitation. We found that the AR promoter was enriched in silencing histone modifications (H3K27me3 and H3K9me2) and that EZH2 inhibition with 3-deazaneplanocin A (DZNep) resulted in AR expression and growth inhibition in AR(-)SCPC cell lines. We conclude that the epigenome of AR(-) is distinct from that of AR(+) castration-resistant prostate carcinomas, and that the AR(-) phenotype can be reversed with epigenetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Kleb
- a Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology Unit 1374 , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston , Texas
| | - Marcos R H Estécio
- b Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis , Unit 0081, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center , 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston , Texas
| | - Jiexin Zhang
- c Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology , Unit 1410, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston , Texas
| | - Vassiliki Tzelepi
- d Department of Pathology , University of Patras, Panepistimioupoli Patron , Greece
| | - Woonbok Chung
- e Fels Institute of Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University , 3307 N Broad Street, Philadelphia , PA
| | - Jaroslav Jelinek
- e Fels Institute of Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University , 3307 N Broad Street, Philadelphia , PA
| | - Nora M Navone
- f Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology , Unit 1374, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston , Texas
| | - Salahaldin Tahir
- f Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology , Unit 1374, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston , Texas
| | - Victor E Marquez
- g Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 376 Frederick , MD
| | - Jean-Pierre Issa
- e Fels Institute of Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University , 3307 N Broad Street, Philadelphia , PA
| | - Sankar Maity
- f Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology , Unit 1374, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston , Texas
| | - Ana Aparicio
- f Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology , Unit 1374, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston , Texas
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Hussain M, Le Moulec S, Gimmi C, Bruns R, Straub J, Miller K. Differential Effect on Bone Lesions of Targeting Integrins: Randomized Phase II Trial of Abituzumab in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:3192-200. [PMID: 26839144 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Integrins play a critical role in the progression of prostate cancer and its bone metastases. We investigated the use of the pan-αv integrin inhibitor abituzumab in chemotherapy-naïve patients with asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN PERSEUS (NCT01360840) was a randomized, double-blind phase II study. Men with pathologically confirmed prostate cancer and radiologic progression of bone lesions in the 28 days prior to randomization were assigned to receive abituzumab 750 mg or 1,500 mg or placebo (1:1:1) every 3 weeks in combination with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist/antagonist therapy. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS The intent-to-treat population comprised 180 patients, 60 in each arm. The primary endpoint of PFS was not significantly different with abituzumab-based therapy compared with placebo [abituzumab 750 mg, 3.4 months, HR = 0.89; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.57-1.39; abituzumab 1,500 mg, 4.3 months, HR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.52-1.26; placebo, 3.3 months], but the cumulative incidence of bone lesion progression was lower with abituzumab than with placebo for up to 24 months (cumulative incidence 23.6% vs. 41.1% at 6 months, 26.1% vs. 45.4% at 12 months). Two partial tumor responses were observed (1 abituzumab 1,500 mg and 1 placebo). Approximately 85% to 90% of patients experienced at least one treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) in the different arms, but the incidences of serious TEAEs and TEAEs with fatal outcome were similar in the three arms. CONCLUSIONS Although PFS was not significantly extended, abituzumab appears to have specific activity in prostate cancer-associated bone lesions that warrants further investigation. Clin Cancer Res; 22(13); 3192-200. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kurt Miller
- Department of Urology, Charité, Berlin, Germany
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Tucci M, Stucci S, Felici C, Cafforio P, Resta L, Rossi R, Silvestris F. Cilengitide restrains the osteoclast-like bone resorbing activity of myeloma plasma cells. Br J Haematol 2016; 173:59-69. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology; University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’; Bari Italy
| | - Stefania Stucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology; University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’; Bari Italy
| | - Claudia Felici
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology; University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’; Bari Italy
| | - Paola Cafforio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology; University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’; Bari Italy
| | - Leonardo Resta
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation; University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’; Bari Italy
| | - Roberta Rossi
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation; University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’; Bari Italy
| | - Franco Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology; University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’; Bari Italy
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86
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Functional screen identifies kinases driving prostate cancer visceral and bone metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 113:E172-81. [PMID: 26621741 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1521674112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutationally activated kinases play an important role in the progression and metastasis of many cancers. Despite numerous oncogenic alterations implicated in metastatic prostate cancer, mutations of kinases are rare. Several lines of evidence suggest that nonmutated kinases and their pathways are involved in prostate cancer progression, but few kinases have been mechanistically linked to metastasis. Using a mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics dataset in concert with gene expression analysis, we selected over 100 kinases potentially implicated in human metastatic prostate cancer for functional evaluation. A primary in vivo screen based on overexpression of candidate kinases in murine prostate cells identified 20 wild-type kinases that promote metastasis. We queried these 20 kinases in a secondary in vivo screen using human prostate cells. Strikingly, all three RAF family members, MERTK, and NTRK2 drove the formation of bone and visceral metastasis confirmed by positron-emission tomography combined with computed tomography imaging and histology. Immunohistochemistry of tissue microarrays indicated that these kinases are highly expressed in human metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer tissues. Our functional studies reveal the strong capability of select wild-type protein kinases to drive critical steps of the metastatic cascade, and implicate these kinases in possible therapeutic intervention.
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87
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Avβ3 integrin: Pathogenetic role in osteotropic tumors. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 96:183-93. [PMID: 26126493 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay of cancer cells and accessory cells within the microenvironment drives signals regulating the proliferation, migration and skeleton colonization. Osteotropism of tumor cells depends on chemokine activation, production of soluble factors and defective gene expression that cooperate within the metastatic niche to the bone resorbing functions of osteoclasts. Adhesion of cancer cells to the extracellular matrix is regulated by integrins as αvβ3 that enhances their invasiveness, pro-tumor angiogenesis and skeleton invasion. Therefore, αvβ3 signaling is implicated in enhancing osteotropism of breast and prostate cancers as well as of multiple myeloma. Targeting of αvβ3 has been adopted to restrain the tumor progression in several cancer models leading to improvement of overall survival as effect of the reduction of both tumor burden and osteotropism by malignant cells. Here, we review both the role of αvβ3 in malignant osteoclastogenesis and its potential targeting to restrain the bone colonization by skeleton invading cancers.
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Li Y, Drabsch Y, Pujuguet P, Ren J, van Laar T, Zhang L, van Dam H, Clément-Lacroix P, Ten Dijke P. Genetic depletion and pharmacological targeting of αv integrin in breast cancer cells impairs metastasis in zebrafish and mouse xenograft models. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17:28. [PMID: 25849225 PMCID: PMC4381510 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0537-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Increased expression of αv integrins is frequently associated with tumor cell adhesion, migration, invasion and metastasis, and correlates with poor prognosis in breast cancer. However, the mechanism by which αv integrins can enhance breast cancer progression is still largely unclear. The effects of therapeutic targeting of αv integrins in breast cancer also have yet to be investigated. Methods We knocked down αv integrin in MDA-MB-231 and MCF10A-M4 breast cancer cells, or treated these cells with the αv antagonist GLPG0187. The effects of αv integrin depletion on mesenchymal markers, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad signaling and TGF-β-induced target gene expression were analyzed in MDA-MB-231 cells by RNA analysis or Western blotting. The function of αv integrin on breast cancer cell migration was investigated by transwell assay in vitro, and its effect on breast cancer progression was assessed by both zebrafish and mouse xenografts in vivo. In the mouse model, GLPG0187 was administered separately, or in combination with the standard-of-care anti-resorptive agent zoledronate and the chemotherapeutic drug paclitaxel, to study the effects of combinational treatments on breast cancer metastasis. Results Genetic interference and pharmacological targeting of αv integrin with GLPG0187 in different breast cancer cell lines inhibited invasion and metastasis in the zebrafish or mouse xenograft model. Depletion of αv integrin in MDA-MB-231 cells inhibited the expression of mesenchymal markers and the TGF-β/Smad response. TGF-β induced αv integrin mRNA expression and αv integrin was required for TGF-β-induced breast cancer cell migration. Moreover, treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells with non-peptide RGD antagonist GLPG0187 decreased TGF-β signaling. In the mouse xenografts GLPG0187 inhibited the progression of bone metastasis. Maximum efficacy of inhibition of bone metastasis was achieved when GLPG0187 was combined with the standard-of-care metastatic breast cancer treatments. Conclusion These findings show that αv integrin is required for efficient TGF-β/Smad signaling and TGF-β-induced breast cancer cell migration, and for maintaining a mesenchymal phenotype of the breast cancer cells. Our results also provide evidence that targeting αv integrin could be an effective therapeutic approach for treatment of breast cancer tumors and/or metastases that overexpress αv integrin. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-015-0537-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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89
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Fu S, Fan L, Pan X, Sun Y, Zhao H. Integrin αv promotes proliferation by activating ERK 1/2 in the human lung cancer cell line A549. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:1266-71. [PMID: 25370835 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) constitutes ~85% of lung cancers. However, the mechanisms underlying the progression of NSCLC remain unclear. In this study, we found the mRNA and protein expression levels of integrin αv are both increased in NSCLC tissues compared to healthy ones, which indicates that integrin αv may play an important role in NSCLC progression. To further investigate the roles of integrin αv in NSCLC, we overexpressed the integrin αv gene in the NSCLC cell line A549, and found that the cell proliferative ability increased. The apoptosis of A549 cells was inhibited with overexpression of integrin αv. To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the role of integrin αv in promoting NSCLC progression, we studied the expression of proteins from a number of important pathways associated with tumorigenesis, and found that the extracellular signal regulated protein kinase (ERK)1/2 signaling pathway may be involved in the mediation of the observed integrin αv effects. component of an important pathway for tumorigenesis, the ERK 1/2. Following inhibition of ERK 1/2 signaling, the proliferation of A549 cells induced by integrin αv was reduced, while the inhibition of apoptosis was attenuated. Our findings demonstrate that integrin αv promotes the proliferation of the human lung cancer cell line A549 by activating the ERK 1/2 signaling pathway, which suggests that this pathway may be a promising target for the treatment of human lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Limin Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Xufeng Pan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Yifeng Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Heng Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
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90
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Wang F, Chen L, Zhang R, Chen Z, Zhu L. RGD peptide conjugated liposomal drug delivery system for enhance therapeutic efficacy in treating bone metastasis from prostate cancer. J Control Release 2014; 196:222-33. [PMID: 25456829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Targeting αvβ3 integrin is particularly promising for the treatment of bone metastases by targeting integrin-rich tumor cells and by inhibiting integrin-involved bone metastases. In this work, a liposomal drug delivery system conjugated with cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-tyrosine-lysine peptide (cRGDyk) as αvβ3 integrin ligand was thus developed to improve therapeutic efficacy in a mice model of bone metastasis from prostate cancer. The resultant liposomes were characterized in terms of size, morphology, zeta potential, stability, drug encapsulation percentage and loading efficiency, and drug release. Compared with free cisplatin and cRGDyk-free liposomes, cRGDyk conjugated liposomes showed significantly higher cellular uptake and higher cytotoxicity of loaded cisplatin, as evidenced by in vitro cell experiments. In vivo results revealed that free cisplatin and free cRGDyk could relieve tumor-induced pain but had no contributions to tumor regression and overall survival improvement. cRGDyk-free liposomal drug system with prolonged blood circulation time could accumulated in the tumor sites in the bone through enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects and however, did not exhibit desirable therapeutic efficacy superior to free cisplatin and free cRGDyk. This strongly suggested that ERP effects were not effective in treating metastases. By taking advantages of targeted drug delivery and synergistic antitumor activity of cRGDyk and loaded cisplatin, cRGDyk conjugated liposomal drug system could inhibit osteoclastic and osteoblastic bone lesions, relieve pain, and improve overall survival. Inspired by their enhanced therapeutic efficacy and low organ toxicity, cRGDyk conjugated liposomes could serve as an effective drug system for targeted and synergistic therapy of bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Wang
- Institute for Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- Institute for Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Institute for Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongping Chen
- Institute for Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Zhu
- Institute for Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China.
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Feng MX, Ma MZ, Fu Y, Li J, Wang T, Xue F, Zhang JJ, Qin WX, Gu JR, Zhang ZG, Xia Q. Elevated autocrine EDIL3 protects hepatocellular carcinoma from anoikis through RGD-mediated integrin activation. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:226. [PMID: 25273699 PMCID: PMC4200221 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A remolded microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) caused by abnormally expressed matricellular proteins could promote HCC progression. The cell-matrix interactions mediated by integrins play an important role in tumor microenvironment. Epidermal Growth Factor-like repeats and Discoidin I-Like Domains 3 (EDIL3), an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein with angiogenic and anti-inflammatory effects, is abnormally highly expressed in HCC. Here we aim to analyze its expression in liver and HCC tissues, investigate the underlined mechanisms accounted for HCC progression. METHODS EDIL3 expression level is examined in normal liver, cirrhotic liver and HCC at both mRNA and protein level. The association between EDIL3 and clinical outcomes is analyzed. The pattern of EDIL3 expression and location is examined using Immunofluorescence and ELISA. Overexpression or knock-down of EDIL3 in a panel of cell lines are subjected to assays related to proliferation, invasion, and anoikis to investigate the mechanisms of this matrix protein in HCC progression. Recombinant EDIL3 treatment is applied to confirm the results. RESULTS Compared with normal liver and cirrhotic liver, EDIL3 is elevated in HCC. High level of EDIL3 protein is much more commonly in patients with larger tumor or portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) formation, associated with poor prognosis. EDIL3 is abundantly expressed in HCC cells and secreted by cancer cells. In vitro and in vivo studies indicate that EDIL3, probably in an autocrine manner, inhibits anoikis and promotes anchorage-independent growth of HCC cells. Further mechanistic studies suggest integrin ligation by EDIL3 and thus that the sustained activation of the FAK-Src-AKT signal is responsible for the anoikis resistance and anchorage independence. Both the administration of cilengitide, a RGD-containing integrin antagonist, and silencing of integrin αV, an important RGD-binding integrin, results in the blockade of anoikis-resistance induced by EDIL3. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that high levels of autocrine EDIL3 may contribute to a receptive microenvironment for the survival of detached HCC cells and may involve in cancer cell spreading. We also highlight the importance of interaction between EDIL3 and integrin αV and suggest disrupting the ligation of EDIL3 to integrins via RGD-blocking in selected patients may bear potential therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhi-Gang Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, Shanghai 200127, China.
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Abstract
Targeting prostate cancer metastasis has very high therapeutic potential. Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death among men in the USA, and death results from the development of metastatic disease. In order to metastasize, cancer cells must complete a series of steps that together constitute the metastatic cascade. Each step therefore offers the opportunity for therapeutic targeting. However, practical limitations have served as limiting roadblocks to successfully targeting the metastatic cascade. They include our still-emerging understanding of the underlying biology, as well as the fact that many of the dysregulated processes have critical functionality in otherwise normal cells. We provide a discussion of the underlying biology, as it relates to therapeutic targeting. Therapeutic inroads are rapidly being made, and we present a series of case studies to highlight key points. Finally, future perspectives related to drug discovery for antimetastatic agents are discussed.
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93
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Reeves KJ, Hurrell JE, Cecchini M, van der Pluijm G, Down JM, Eaton CL, Hamdy F, Clement-Lacroix P, Brown NJ. Prostate cancer cells home to bone using a novelin vivomodel: Modulation by the integrin antagonist GLPG0187. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:1731-40. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley J. Reeves
- Microcirculation Research Group, Department of Oncology; CR-UK/YCR Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield; S10 2RX United Kingdom
- Bone Biology Group, Department of Human Metabolism; Medical School, University of Sheffield; Sheffield S10 2RX United Kingdom
| | - Jack E. Hurrell
- Microcirculation Research Group, Department of Oncology; CR-UK/YCR Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield; S10 2RX United Kingdom
| | - Marco Cecchini
- Urology Research Laboratory, Department of Urology; University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35; CH-3010 Bern Switzerland
| | - Gabri van der Pluijm
- Department of Urology; Leiden University Medical Center; J3-100, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Jenny M. Down
- Bone Biology Group, Department of Human Metabolism; Medical School, University of Sheffield; Sheffield S10 2RX United Kingdom
| | - Colby L. Eaton
- Bone Biology Group, Department of Human Metabolism; Medical School, University of Sheffield; Sheffield S10 2RX United Kingdom
| | - Freddie Hamdy
- Urology & Oncology, Nuffield Department of Surgery; John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford; Oxford OX3 9DU United Kingdom
| | | | - Nicola J. Brown
- Microcirculation Research Group, Department of Oncology; CR-UK/YCR Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield; S10 2RX United Kingdom
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Whitson RJ, Lucia MS, Lambert JR. Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) suppresses in vitro angiogenesis through a novel interaction with connective tissue growth factor (CCN2). J Cell Biochem 2014; 114:1424-33. [PMID: 23280549 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) and the CCN family member, connective tissue growth factor (CCN2), are associated with cardiac disease, inflammation, and cancer. The precise role and signaling mechanism for these factors in normal and diseased tissues remains elusive. Here we demonstrate an interaction between GDF-15 and CCN2 using yeast two-hybrid assays and have mapped the domain of interaction to the von Willebrand factor type C domain of CCN2. Biochemical pull down assays using secreted GDF-15 and His-tagged CCN2 produced in PC-3 prostate cancer cells confirmed a direct interaction between these proteins. To investigate the functional consequences of this interaction, in vitro angiogenesis assays were performed. We demonstrate that GDF-15 blocks CCN2-mediated tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVEC) cells. To examine the molecular mechanism whereby GDF-15 inhibits CCN2-mediated angiogenesis, activation of αV β3 integrins and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) was examined. CCN2-mediated FAK activation was inhibited by GDF-15 and was accompanied by a decrease in αV β3 integrin clustering in HUVEC cells. These results demonstrate, for the first time, a novel signaling pathway for GDF-15 through interaction with the matricellular signaling molecule CCN2. Furthermore, antagonism of CCN2 mediated angiogenesis by GDF-15 may provide insight into the functional role of GDF-15 in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon J Whitson
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
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95
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Tilli TM, Bellahcène A, Castronovo V, Gimba ERP. Changes in the transcriptional profile in response to overexpression of the osteopontin-c splice isoform in ovarian (OvCar-3) and prostate (PC-3) cancer cell lines. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:433. [PMID: 24928374 PMCID: PMC4075779 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Especially in human tumor cells, the osteopontin (OPN) primary transcript is subject to alternative splicing, generating three isoforms termed OPNa, OPNb and OPNc. We previously demonstrated that the OPNc splice variant activates several aspects of the progression of ovarian and prostate cancers. The goal of the present study was to develop cell line models to determine the impact of OPNc overexpression on main cancer signaling pathways and thus obtain insights into the mechanisms of OPNc pro-tumorigenic roles. Methods Human ovarian and prostate cancer cell lines, OvCar-3 and PC-3 cells, respectively, were stably transfected to overexpress OPNc. Transcriptomic profiling was performed on these cells and compared to controls, to identify OPNc overexpression-dependent changes in gene expression levels and pathways by qRT-PCR analyses. Results Among 84 genes tested by using a multiplex real-time PCR Cancer Pathway Array approach, 34 and 16, respectively, were differentially expressed between OvCar-3 and PC-3 OPNc-overexpressing cells in relation to control clones. Differentially expressed genes are included in all main hallmarks of cancer, and several interacting proteins have been identified using an interactome network analysis. Based on marked up-regulation of Vegfa transcript in response to OPNc overexpression, we partially validated the array data by demonstrating that conditioned medium (CM) secreted from OvCar-3 and PC-3 OPNc-overexpressing cells significantly induced endothelial cell adhesion, proliferation and migration, compared to CM secreted from control cells. Conclusions Overall, the present study elucidated transcriptional changes of OvCar-3 and PC-3 cancer cell lines in response to OPNc overexpression, which provides an assessment for predicting the molecular mechanisms by which this splice variant promotes tumor progression features.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Etel R P Gimba
- Coordenação de Pesquisa, Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCa)/Programa de Pós Graduação Stricto Sensu em Oncologia do INCa, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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96
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Mahalingam B, Van Agthoven JF, Xiong JP, Alonso JL, Adair BD, Rui X, Anand S, Mehrbod M, Mofrad MRK, Burger C, Goodman SL, Arnaout MA. Atomic basis for the species-specific inhibition of αV integrins by monoclonal antibody 17E6 is revealed by the crystal structure of αVβ3 ectodomain-17E6 Fab complex. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:13801-9. [PMID: 24692540 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.546929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The function-blocking, non-RGD-containing, and primate-specific mouse monoclonal antibody 17E6 binds the αV subfamily of integrins. 17E6 is currently in phase II clinical trials for treating cancer. To elucidate the structural basis of recognition and the molecular mechanism of inhibition, we crystallized αVβ3 ectodomain in complex with the Fab fragment of 17E6. Protein crystals grew in presence of the activating cation Mn(2+). The integrin in the complex and in solution assumed the genuflected conformation. 17E6 Fab bound exclusively to the Propeller domain of the αV subunit. At the core of αV-Fab interface were interactions involving Propeller residues Lys-203 and Gln-145, with the latter accounting for primate specificity. The Propeller residue Asp-150, which normally coordinates Arg of the ligand Arg-Gly-Asp motif, formed contacts with Arg-54 of the Fab that were expected to reduce soluble FN10 binding to cellular αVβ3 complexed with 17E6. This was confirmed in direct binding studies, suggesting that 17E6 is an allosteric inhibitor of αV integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - José Luis Alonso
- the Leukocyte Biology and Inflammation Program, Departments of Medicine and Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129
| | | | - Xianliang Rui
- the Leukocyte Biology and Inflammation Program, Departments of Medicine and Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129
| | - Saurabh Anand
- the Leukocyte Biology and Inflammation Program, Departments of Medicine and Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129
| | - Mehrdad Mehrbod
- the Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Mohammad R K Mofrad
- the Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Christa Burger
- Merck KGaA and Discovery Technologies, Molecular Pharmacology, and
| | - Simon L Goodman
- Merck KGaA and Therapeutic Innovation Platform, Oncology, Darmstadt 64271, Germany
| | - M Amin Arnaout
- From the Structural Biology Program and the Leukocyte Biology and Inflammation Program, Departments of Medicine and Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129,
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Chen X, Corbin JM, Tipton GJ, Yang LV, Asch AS, Ruiz-Echevarría MJ. The TMEFF2 tumor suppressor modulates integrin expression, RhoA activation and migration of prostate cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:1216-24. [PMID: 24632071 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cell adhesion and migration play important roles in physiological and pathological states, including embryonic development and cancer invasion and metastasis. The type I transmembrane protein with epidermal growth factor and two follistatin motifs 2 (TMEFF2) is expressed mainly in brain and prostate and its expression is deregulated in prostate cancer. We have previously shown that TMEFF2 can function as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting cell migration and invasion of prostate cells. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in this inhibition are not clear. In this study we demonstrate that TMEFF2 affects cell adhesion and migration of prostate cancer cells and that this effect correlates with changes in integrin expression and RhoA activation. Deletion of a 13 basic-rich amino acid region in the cytoplasmic domain of TMEFF2 prevented these effects. Overexpression of TMEFF2 reduced cell attachment and migration on vitronectin and caused a concomitant decrease in RhoA activation, stress fiber formation and expression of αv, β1 and β3 integrin subunits. Conversely, TMEFF2 interference in 22Rv1 prostate cancer cells resulted in an increased integrin expression. Results obtained with a double TRAMP/TMEFF2 transgenic mouse also indicated that TMEFF2 expression reduced integrin expression in the mouse prostate. In summary, the data presented here indicate an important role of TMEFF2 in regulating cell adhesion and migration that involves integrin signaling and is mediated by its cytoplasmic domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Joshua M Corbin
- Department of Oncology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Greg J Tipton
- Department of Oncology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Li V Yang
- Department of Oncology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Adam S Asch
- Department of Oncology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Maria J Ruiz-Echevarría
- Department of Oncology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
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98
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Sheldrake HM, Patterson LH. Strategies to inhibit tumor associated integrin receptors: rationale for dual and multi-antagonists. J Med Chem 2014; 57:6301-15. [PMID: 24568695 DOI: 10.1021/jm5000547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The integrins are a family of 24 heterodimeric transmembrane cell surface receptors. Involvement in cell attachment to the extracellular matrix, motility, and proliferation identifies integrins as therapeutic targets in cancer and associated conditions: thrombosis, angiogenesis, and osteoporosis. The most reported strategy for drug development is synthesis of an agent that is highly selective for a single integrin receptor. However, the ability of cancer cells to change their integrin repertoire in response to drug treatment renders this approach vulnerable to the development of resistance and paradoxical promotion of tumor growth. Here, we review progress toward development of antagonists targeting two or more members of the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) binding integrins, notably αvβ3, αvβ5, αvβ6, αvβ8, α5β1, and αIIbβ3, as anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Sheldrake
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford , Bradford, BD7 1DP, U.K
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99
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Chanda D, Lee JH, Sawant A, Hensel JA, Isayeva T, Reilly SD, Siegal GP, Smith C, Grizzle W, Singh R, Ponnazhagan S. Anterior gradient protein-2 is a regulator of cellular adhesion in prostate cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89940. [PMID: 24587138 PMCID: PMC3937391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Anterior Gradient Protein (AGR-2) is reported to be over-expressed in many epithelial cancers and promotes metastasis. A clear-cut mechanism for its observed function(s) has not been previously identified. We found significant upregulation of AGR-2 expression in a bone metastatic prostate cancer cell line, PC3, following culturing in bone marrow-conditioned medium. Substantial AGR-2 expression was also confirmed in prostate cancer tissue specimens in patients with bone lesions. By developing stable clones of PC3 cells with varying levels of AGR-2 expression, we identified that abrogation of AGR-2 significantly reduced cellular attachment to fibronectin, collagen I, collagen IV, laminin I and fibrinogen. Loss of cellular adhesion was associated with sharp decrease in the expression of α4, α5, αV, β3 and β4 integrins. Failure to undergo apoptosis following detachment is a hallmark of epithelial cancer metastasis. The AGR-2-silenced PC3 cells showed higher resistance to Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis- inducing ligand (TRAIL) induced apoptosis in vitro. This observation was also supported by significantly reduced Caspase-3 expression in AGR-2-silenced PC3 cells, which is a key effector of both extrinsic and intrinsic death signaling pathways. These data suggest that AGR-2 influence prostate cancer metastasis by regulation of cellular adhesion and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptiman Chanda
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Joo Hyoung Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Anandi Sawant
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jonathan A. Hensel
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Tatyana Isayeva
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Stephanie D. Reilly
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Gene P. Siegal
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Claire Smith
- Hospital Laboratories, University of Alabama Hospital, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - William Grizzle
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Raj Singh
- Vivo Biosciences Inc., Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Selvarangan Ponnazhagan
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
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100
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Dutta A, Li J, Lu H, Akech J, Pratap J, Wang T, Zerlanko BJ, FitzGerald TJ, Jiang Z, Birbe R, Wixted J, Violette SM, Stein JL, Stein GS, Lian JB, Languino LR. Integrin αvβ6 promotes an osteolytic program in cancer cells by upregulating MMP2. Cancer Res 2014; 74:1598-608. [PMID: 24385215 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-1796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The molecular circuitries controlling osseous prostate metastasis are known to depend on the activity of multiple pathways, including integrin signaling. Here, we demonstrate that the αvβ6 integrin is upregulated in human prostate cancer bone metastasis. In prostate cancer cells, this integrin is a functionally active receptor for fibronectin and latency-associated peptide-TGF-β1; it mediates attachment and migration upon ligand binding and is localized in focal contacts. Given the propensity of prostate cancer cells to form bone metastatic lesions, we investigated whether the αvβ6 integrin promotes this type of metastasis. We show for the first time that αvβ6 selectively induces matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) in vitro in multiple prostate cancer cells and promotes osteolysis in vivo in an immunodeficient mouse model of bone metastasis through upregulation of MMP2, but not MMP9. The effect of αvβ6 on MMP2 expression and activity is independent of androgen receptor in the analyzed prostate cancer cells. Increased levels of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), known to induce osteoclastogenesis, were also observed in αvβ6-expressing cells. However, by using MMP2 short hairpin RNA, we demonstrate that the αvβ6 effect on bone loss is due to upregulation of soluble MMP2 by the cancer cells, not due to changes in tumor growth rate. Another related αv-containing integrin, αvβ5, fails to show similar responses, underscoring the significance of αvβ6 activity. Overall, these mechanistic studies establish that expression of a single integrin, αvβ6, contributes to the cancer cell-mediated program of osteolysis by inducing matrix degradation through MMP2. Our results open new prospects for molecular therapy for metastatic bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Dutta
- Authors' Affiliations: Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program; Departments of Cancer Biology and Pathology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Cell Biology, Radiation Oncology, Pathology, and Orthopedics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester; Biogen Idec, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Department of Biochemistry, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
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