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Zhou S, Chen S, Jiang Q, Pei M. Determinants of stem cell lineage differentiation toward chondrogenesis versus adipogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1653-1680. [PMID: 30689010 PMCID: PMC6456412 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cells, also termed as somatic stem cells, are undifferentiated cells, detected among differentiated cells in a tissue or an organ. Adult stem cells can differentiate toward lineage specific cell types of the tissue or organ in which they reside. They also have the ability to differentiate into mature cells of mesenchymal tissues, such as cartilage, fat and bone. Despite the fact that the balance has been comprehensively scrutinized between adipogenesis and osteogenesis and between chondrogenesis and osteogenesis, few reviews discuss the relationship between chondrogenesis and adipogenesis. In this review, the developmental and transcriptional crosstalk of chondrogenic and adipogenic lineages are briefly explored, followed by elucidation of signaling pathways and external factors guiding lineage determination between chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation. An in-depth understanding of overlap and discrepancy between these two mesenchymal tissues in lineage differentiation would benefit regeneration of high-quality cartilage tissues and adipose tissues for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhou
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Drive, PO Box 9196, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9196, USA
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Drive, PO Box 9196, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9196, USA.
- Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, WVU Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
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Theodoridis K, Aggelidou E, Vavilis T, Manthou ME, Tsimponis A, Demiri EC, Boukla A, Salpistis C, Bakopoulou A, Mihailidis A, Kritis A. Hyaline cartilage next generation implants from adipose-tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells: Comparative study on 3D-printed polycaprolactone scaffold patterns. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:342-355. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Theodoridis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th); Thessaloniki Greece
- cGMP Regenerative Medicine Facility, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th); Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Eleni Aggelidou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th); Thessaloniki Greece
- cGMP Regenerative Medicine Facility, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th); Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Theofanis Vavilis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th); Thessaloniki Greece
- cGMP Regenerative Medicine Facility, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th); Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Maria Eleni Manthou
- cGMP Regenerative Medicine Facility, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th); Thessaloniki Greece
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology and Anthropology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th); Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Antonios Tsimponis
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical School, Papageorgiou Hospital; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th); Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Efterpi C. Demiri
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical School, Papageorgiou Hospital; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th); Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Anna Boukla
- Histocompatibility Centre-Immunology Department; Hippokration General Hospital; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Christos Salpistis
- Laboratory of Machine Elements and Machine Design, School of Mechanical Engineering; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th.); Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Athina Bakopoulou
- cGMP Regenerative Medicine Facility, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th); Thessaloniki Greece
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th); Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Athanassios Mihailidis
- Laboratory of Machine Elements and Machine Design, School of Mechanical Engineering; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th.); Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Aristeidis Kritis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th); Thessaloniki Greece
- cGMP Regenerative Medicine Facility, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th); Thessaloniki Greece
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Pattappa G, Johnstone B, Zellner J, Docheva D, Angele P. The Importance of Physioxia in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenesis and the Mechanisms Controlling Its Response. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E484. [PMID: 30678074 PMCID: PMC6387316 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage covers the surface of synovial joints and enables joint movement. However, it is susceptible to progressive degeneration with age that can be accelerated by either previous joint injury or meniscectomy. This degenerative disease is known as osteoarthritis (OA) and it greatly affects the adult population. Cell-based tissue engineering provides a possible solution for treating OA at its earliest stages, particularly focal cartilage lesions. A candidate cell type for treating these focal defects are Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs). However, present methods for differentiating these cells towards the chondrogenic lineage lead to hypertrophic chondrocytes and bone formation in vivo. Environmental stimuli that can stabilise the articular chondrocyte phenotype without compromising tissue formation have been extensively investigated. One factor that has generated intensive investigation in MSC chondrogenesis is low oxygen tension or physioxia (2⁻5% oxygen). In vivo articular cartilage resides at oxygen tensions between 1⁻4%, and in vitro results suggest that these conditions are beneficial for MSC expansion and chondrogenesis, particularly in suppressing the cartilage hypertrophy. This review will summarise the current literature regarding the effects of physioxia on MSC chondrogenesis with an emphasis on the pathways that control tissue formation and cartilage hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish Pattappa
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz Josef Strauss Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Brian Johnstone
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Johannes Zellner
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz Josef Strauss Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Denitsa Docheva
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz Josef Strauss Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Peter Angele
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz Josef Strauss Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
- Sporthopaedicum Regensburg, Hildegard von Bingen Strasse 1, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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Deng Y, Lei G, Lin Z, Yang Y, Lin H, Tuan RS. Engineering hyaline cartilage from mesenchymal stem cells with low hypertrophy potential via modulation of culture conditions and Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Biomaterials 2018; 192:569-578. [PMID: 30544046 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a promising cell source to regenerate articular cartilage, but current chondroinduction protocols, commonly using transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ), lead to concomitant chondrocytic hypertrophy with ossification risk. Here, we showed that a 14-day culture of MSC-laden hyaluronic acid hydrogel in the presence of TGFβ, followed by 7 days culture in TGFβ-free medium, with the supplement of Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor XAV939 from day 10-21, resulted in significantly reduced hypertrophy phenotype. The stability of the hyaline phenotype of the MSC-derived cartilage, generated with a standard protocol (Control) or the optimized (Optimized) method developed in this study, was further examined through intramuscular implantation in nude mice. After 4 weeks, constructs from the Control group showed obvious mineralization; in contrast, the Optimized group displayed no signs of mineralization, and maintained cartilaginous histology. Further analysis showed that TGFβ treatment time affected p38 expression, while exposure to XAV939 significantly inhibited P-Smad 1/5 level, which together resulted in decreased level of Runx2. These findings suggest a novel treatment regimen to generate hyaline cartilage from human MSCs-loaded scaffolds, which have a minimal risk of eliciting endochondral ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Deng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Xiangya Third Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guanghua Lei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zixuan Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Yuanheng Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Xiangya Third Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hang Lin
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, PA, 15261, USA; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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55
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Graceffa V, Vinatier C, Guicheux J, Stoddart M, Alini M, Zeugolis DI. Chasing Chimeras - The elusive stable chondrogenic phenotype. Biomaterials 2018; 192:199-225. [PMID: 30453216 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The choice of the best-suited cell population for the regeneration of damaged or diseased cartilage depends on the effectiveness of culture conditions (e.g. media supplements, three-dimensional scaffolds, mechanical stimulation, oxygen tension, co-culture systems) to induce stable chondrogenic phenotype. Herein, advances and shortfalls in in vitro, preclinical and clinical setting of various in vitro microenvironment modulators on maintaining chondrocyte phenotype or directing stem cells towards chondrogenic lineage are critically discussed. Chondrocytes possess low isolation efficiency, limited proliferative potential and rapid phenotypic drift in culture. Mesenchymal stem cells are relatively readily available, possess high proliferation potential, exhibit great chondrogenic differentiation capacity, but they tend to acquire a hypertrophic phenotype when exposed to chondrogenic stimuli. Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, despite their promising in vitro and preclinical data, are still under-investigated. Although a stable chondrogenic phenotype remains elusive, recent advances in in vitro microenvironment modulators are likely to develop clinically- and commercially-relevant therapies in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Graceffa
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Claire Vinatier
- INSERMU1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton (RMeS), University of Nantes, UFR Odontologie & CHU Nantes, PHU 4 OTONN, 44042 Nantes, France
| | - Jerome Guicheux
- INSERMU1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton (RMeS), University of Nantes, UFR Odontologie & CHU Nantes, PHU 4 OTONN, 44042 Nantes, France
| | - Martin Stoddart
- AO Research Institute, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270 Davos, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Alini
- AO Research Institute, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270 Davos, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios I Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland.
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Petersen A, Princ A, Korus G, Ellinghaus A, Leemhuis H, Herrera A, Klaumünzer A, Schreivogel S, Woloszyk A, Schmidt-Bleek K, Geissler S, Heschel I, Duda GN. A biomaterial with a channel-like pore architecture induces endochondral healing of bone defects. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4430. [PMID: 30361486 PMCID: PMC6202397 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06504-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials developed to treat bone defects have classically focused on bone healing via direct, intramembranous ossification. In contrast, most bones in our body develop from a cartilage template via a second pathway called endochondral ossification. The unsolved clinical challenge to regenerate large bone defects has brought endochondral ossification into discussion as an alternative approach for bone healing. However, a biomaterial strategy for the regeneration of large bone defects via endochondral ossification is missing. Here we report on a biomaterial with a channel-like pore architecture to control cell recruitment and tissue patterning in the early phase of healing. In consequence of extracellular matrix alignment, CD146+ progenitor cell accumulation and restrained vascularization, a highly organized endochondral ossification process is induced in rats. Our findings demonstrate that a pure biomaterial approach has the potential to recapitulate a developmental bone growth process for bone healing. This might motivate future strategies for biomaterial-based tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Petersen
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - A Princ
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - G Korus
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Ellinghaus
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Leemhuis
- Matricel GmbH, Kaiserstrasse 100, 52134, Herzogenrath, Germany
| | - A Herrera
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Klaumünzer
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Schreivogel
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Woloszyk
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, 78229, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - K Schmidt-Bleek
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Geissler
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - I Heschel
- Matricel GmbH, Kaiserstrasse 100, 52134, Herzogenrath, Germany
| | - G N Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
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Differences in the intrinsic chondrogenic potential of equine umbilical cord matrix and cord blood mesenchymal stromal/stem cells for cartilage regeneration. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13799. [PMID: 30217993 PMCID: PMC6138671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28164-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (UCB-MSCs) and umbilical cord matrix MSCs (UCM-MSCs) have chondrogenic potential and are alternative sources to standard surgically derived bone marrow or adipose tissue collection for cartilage engineering. However, the majority of comparative studies explore neonatal MSCs potential only on ISCT benchmark assays accounting for some bias in the reproducibility between in vitro and in clinical studies. Therefore, we characterized equine UCB-MSCs and UCM-MSCs and investigated with particular attention their chondrogenesis potential in 3D culture with BMP-2 + TGF-ß1 in normoxia or hypoxia. We carried out an exhaustive characterization of the extracellular matrix generated by both these two types of MSCs after the induction of chondrogenesis through evaluation of hyaline cartilage, hypertrophic and osteogenic markers (mRNA, protein and histology levels). Some differences in hypoxia sensitivity and chondrogenesis were observed. UCB-MSCs differentiated into chondrocytes express an abundant, dense and a hyaline-like cartilage matrix. By contrast, despite their expression of cartilage markers, UCM-MSCs failed to express a relevant cartilage matrix after chondrogenic induction. Both MSCs types also displayed intrinsic differences at their undifferentiated basal status, UCB-MSCs expressing higher levels of chondrogenic markers whereas UCM-MSCs synthesizing higher amounts of osteogenic markers. Our results suggest that UCB-MSCs should be preferred for ex-vivo horse cartilage engineering. How those results should be translated to in vivo direct cartilage regeneration remains to be determined through dedicated study.
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Phelps J, Sanati-Nezhad A, Ungrin M, Duncan NA, Sen A. Bioprocessing of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Derivatives: Toward Cell-Free Therapeutics. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:9415367. [PMID: 30275839 PMCID: PMC6157150 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9415367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted tremendous research interest due to their ability to repair tissues and reduce inflammation when implanted into a damaged or diseased site. These therapeutic effects have been largely attributed to the collection of biomolecules they secrete (i.e., their secretome). Recent studies have provided evidence that similar effects may be produced by utilizing only the secretome fraction containing extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are cell-derived, membrane-bound vesicles that contain various biomolecules. Due to their small size and relative mobility, they provide a stable mechanism to deliver biomolecules (i.e., biological signals) throughout an organism. The use of the MSC secretome, or its components, has advantages over the implantation of the MSCs themselves: (i) signals can be bioengineered and scaled to specific dosages, and (ii) the nonliving nature of the secretome enables it to be efficiently stored and transported. However, since the composition and therapeutic benefit of the secretome can be influenced by cell source, culture conditions, isolation methods, and storage conditions, there is a need for standardization of bioprocessing parameters. This review focuses on key parameters within the MSC culture environment that affect the nature and functionality of the secretome. This information is pertinent to the development of bioprocesses aimed at scaling up the production of secretome-derived products for their use as therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolene Phelps
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Amir Sanati-Nezhad
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
- Center for Bioengineering Research and Education, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Mark Ungrin
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
- Center for Bioengineering Research and Education, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Heritage Medical Research Building, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Neil A. Duncan
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
- Center for Bioengineering Research and Education, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
- Musculoskeletal Mechanobiology and Multiscale Mechanics Bioengineering Lab, Department of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Arindom Sen
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
- Center for Bioengineering Research and Education, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
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Enhanced chondrogenic differentiation of dental pulp-derived mesenchymal stem cells in 3D pellet culture system: effect of mimicking hypoxia. Biologia (Bratisl) 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-018-0080-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Goudarzi F, Mohammadalipour A, Bahabadi M, Goodarzi MT, Sarveazad A, Khodadadi I. Hydrogen peroxide: a potent inducer of differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells into chondrocytes. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:763-774. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1466121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Farjam Goudarzi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Adel Mohammadalipour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Majid Bahabadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Goodarzi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Arash Sarveazad
- Colorectal Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Khodadadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Li A, Wei Y, Hung C, Vunjak-Novakovic G. Chondrogenic properties of collagen type XI, a component of cartilage extracellular matrix. Biomaterials 2018; 173:47-57. [PMID: 29758546 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) has been used for promoting tissue engineering. However, the exact effects of ECM on chondrogenesis and the acting mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the chondrogenic effects of cartilage ECM on human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and identified the contributing molecular components. To this end, a preparation of articular cartilage ECM was supplemented to pellets of chondrogenically differentiating MSCs, pellets of human chondrocytes, and bovine articular cartilage explants to evaluate the effects on cell proliferation and the production of cartilaginous matrix. Selective enzymatic digestion and screening of ECM components were conducted to identify matrix molecules with chondrogenic properties. Cartilage ECM promoted MSC proliferation, production of cartilaginous matrix, and maturity of chondrogenic differentiation, and inhibited the hypertrophic differentiation of MSC-derived chondrocytes. Selective digestion of ECM components revealed a contributory role of collagens in promoting chondrogenesis. The screening of various collagen subtypes revealed strong chondrogenic effect of collagen type XI. Finally, collagen XI was found to promote production and inhibit degradation of cartilage matrix in human articular chondrocyte pellets and bovine articular cartilage explants. Our results indicate that cartilage ECM promotes chondrogenesis and inhibits hypertrophic differentiation in MSCs. Collagen type XI is the ECM component that has the strongest effects on enhancing the production and inhibiting the degradation of cartilage matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yiyong Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Clark Hung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Wen Y, Li P, Hao J, Duan C, Han J, He A, Du Y, Liu L, Liang X, Zhang F, Guo X. Integrating genome-wide DNA methylation and mRNA expression profiles identified different molecular features between Kashin-Beck disease and primary osteoarthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2018. [PMID: 29514696 PMCID: PMC5842623 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1531-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) is an endemic osteochondropathy of unknown etiology. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a form of degenerative joint disease sharing similar clinical manifestations and pathological changes to articular cartilage with KBD. Methods A genome-wide DNA methylation profile of articular cartilage from five KBD patients and five OA patients was first performed using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. Together with a previous gene expression profiling dataset comparing KBD cartilage with OA cartilage, an integrative pathway enrichment analysis of the genome-wide DNA methylation and the mRNA expression profiles conducted in articular cartilage was performed by InCroMAP software. Results We identified 241 common genes altered in both the DNA methylation profile and the mRNA expression profile of articular cartilage of KBD versus OA, including CHST13 (NM_152889, fold-change = 0.5979, Pmethy = 0.0430), TGFBR1 (NM_004612, fold-change = 2.077, Pmethy = 0.0430), TGFBR2 (NM_001024847, fold-change = 1.543, Pmethy = 0.037), TGFBR3 (NM_001276, fold-change = 0.4515, Pmethy = 6.04 × 10−4), and ADAM12 (NM_021641, fold-change = 1.9768, Pmethy = 0.0178). Integrative pathway enrichment analysis identified 19 significant KEGG pathways, including mTOR signaling (P = 0.0301), glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis-chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate (P = 0.0391), glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis-keratan sulfate (P = 0.0278), and PI3K-Akt signaling (P = 0.0243). Conclusion This study identified different molecular features between Kashin-Beck disease and primary osteoarthritis and provided novel clues for clarifying the pathogenetic differences between KBD and OA. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13075-018-1531-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, No.76 Yan Ta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, No.76 Yan Ta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingcan Hao
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, No.76 Yan Ta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Duan
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, No.76 Yan Ta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Han
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, No.76 Yan Ta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Awen He
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, No.76 Yan Ta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Du
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, No.76 Yan Ta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, No.76 Yan Ta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, No.76 Yan Ta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, No.76 Yan Ta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, No.76 Yan Ta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China.
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Littmann E, Autefage H, Solanki A, Kallepitis C, Jones J, Alini M, Peroglio M, Stevens M. Cobalt-containing bioactive glasses reduce human mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenic differentiation despite HIF-1α stabilisation. JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY 2018; 38:877-886. [PMID: 29456294 PMCID: PMC5738970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive glasses (BGs) are excellent delivery systems for the sustained release of therapeutic ions and have been extensively studied in the context of bone tissue engineering. More recently, due to their osteogenic properties and expanding application to soft tissue repair, BGs have been proposed as promising materials for use at the osteochondral interface. Since hypoxia plays a critical role during cartilage formation, we sought to investigate the influence of BGs releasing the hypoxia-mimicking agent cobalt (CoBGs) on human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) chondrogenesis, as a novel approach that may guide future osteochondral scaffold design. The CoBG dissolution products significantly increased the level of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha in hMSCs in a cobalt dose-dependent manner. Continued exposure to the cobalt-containing BG extracts significantly reduced hMSC proliferation and metabolic activity, as well as chondrogenic differentiation. Overall, this study demonstrates that prolonged exposure to cobalt warrants careful consideration for cartilage repair applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Littmann
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - H. Autefage
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.Department of MaterialsImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUnited Kingdom
| | - A.K. Solanki
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - C. Kallepitis
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - J.R. Jones
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - M. Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos, Switzerland
| | - M. Peroglio
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos, Switzerland
| | - M.M. Stevens
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.Department of MaterialsImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUnited Kingdom
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Zarrintaj P, Manouchehri S, Ahmadi Z, Saeb MR, Urbanska AM, Kaplan DL, Mozafari M. Agarose-based biomaterials for tissue engineering. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 187:66-84. [PMID: 29486846 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Agarose is a natural polysaccharide polymer having unique characteristics that give reason to consider it for tissue engineering applications. Special characteristics of agarose such as its excellent biocompatibility, thermo-reversible gelation behavior and physiochemical features support its use as a biomaterial for cell growth and/or controlled/localized drug delivery. The resemblance of this natural carbohydrate polymer to the extracellular matrix results in attractive features that bring about a strong interest in its usage in the field. The scope of this review is to summarize the extensive researches addressing agarose-based biomaterials in order to provide an in-depth understanding of its tissue engineering-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Zarrintaj
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Manouchehri
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahed Ahmadi
- Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, P.O. Box: 16765-654, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Bioengineering Research Group, Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department, Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC), Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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Effect of Decellularized Cartilage Bovine Scaffold and Hypoxic Condition on Stem Cell Differentiation to Chondrocyte: An <i>In Vitro</i> Study. JOURNAL OF BIOMIMETICS BIOMATERIALS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.35.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI) has been established for years to treat cartilage defect. Application of tissue engineering has advantages over ACI as tissue engineering requires simpler procedures without leaving morbidity at the donor site. Decellularized bovine cartilage scaffold and hypoxic stem cell differentiation were used in this in vitro experimental study. Comparative test was done between three study groups using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells treated in three different conditions: growth factor-rich chondrogenic medium, scaffold without growth factor, and combination of both. Each group was given two oxygen tension conditions of normoxia and hypoxic within phase of stem cell differentiation. Immunohistochemical examinations on SOX9, RUNX2, and collagen type II were done for evaluation. After 5-week treatment, the result showed that the highest expression SOX9 and collagen type II were found within the group that used the combination of both scaffold and chondrogenic medium in hypoxic condition. Collagen type II expression in scaffold without additional growth factor showed no statistically significant difference compared with the combination group in hypoxic condition. Cartilage tissue engineering has proven its effectiveness for cartilage regeneration. Decellularized biomaterial scaffold limited the use of growth factor resulting in better cost and resource efficiency.
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66
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Confalonieri D, Schwab A, Walles H, Ehlicke F. Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products: A Guide for Bone Marrow-derived MSC Application in Bone and Cartilage Tissue Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2017; 24:155-169. [PMID: 28990462 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2017.0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Millions of people worldwide suffer from trauma- or age-related orthopedic diseases such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, or cancer. Tissue Engineering (TE) and Regenerative Medicine are multidisciplinary fields focusing on the development of artificial organs, biomimetic engineered tissues, and cells to restore or maintain tissue and organ function. While allogenic and future autologous transplantations are nowadays the gold standards for both cartilage and bone defect repair, they are both subject to important limitations such as availability of healthy tissue, donor site morbidity, and graft rejection. Tissue engineered bone and cartilage products represent a promising and alternative approach with the potential to overcome these limitations. Since the development of Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs) such as TE products requires the knowledge of diverse regulation and an extensive communication with the national/international authorities, the aim of this review is therefore to summarize the state of the art on the clinical applications of human bone marrow-derived stromal cells for cartilage and bone TE. In addition, this review provides an overview of the European legislation to facilitate the development and commercialization of new ATMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Confalonieri
- 1 Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Schwab
- 1 Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Heike Walles
- 1 Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg, Germany .,2 Translational Center Wuerzburg "Regenerative Therapies in Oncology and Musculoskeletal Disease," Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Ehlicke
- 1 Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg, Germany
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67
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Hwang HS, Park SJ, Lee MH, Kim HA. MicroRNA-365 regulates IL-1β-induced catabolic factor expression by targeting HIF-2α in primary chondrocytes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17889. [PMID: 29263346 PMCID: PMC5738378 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial Per-Arnt-Sim domain protein-1/hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (EPAS-1/ HIF-2α) is a catabolic transcription factor that regulates osteoarthritis (OA)-related cartilage destruction. Here, we examined whether microRNA-365 (miR-365) affects interleukin (IL)-1β-induced expression of catabolic factors in chondrocytes via regulation of HIF-2α. MiR-365 levels were significantly decreased in human OA cartilage relative to normal cartilage. Overexpression of miR-365 significantly suppressed IL-1β-induced expression of HIF-2α in human articular chondrocytes. Pharmacological inhibition of various IL-1β-associated signaling pathways revealed mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-κB as the primary pathways driving IL-1β-mediated decreases in miR-365 and subsequent increase in HIF-2α expression. Using a luciferase reporter assay encoding the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of human HIF-2α mRNA, we showed that overexpression of miR-365 significantly suppressed IL-1β-induced up-regulation of HIF-2α. AGO2 RNA-immunoprecipitation (IP) assay demonstrated that miR-365 and HIF-2α mRNA were enriched in the AGO2-IP fraction in miR-365-transfected primary chondrocytes compared to miR-con-transfected cells, indicating that HIF-2α is a target of miR-365. Furthermore, miR-365 overexpression significantly suppressed IL-1β-induced expression of catabolic factors, including cyclooxygenase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-1, -3 and -13, in chondrocytes. In pellet culture of primary chondrocytes miR-365 prevented IL-1β-stimulated extracellular matrix loss and matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression. MiR-365 regulates IL-1β-stimulated catabolic effects in human chondrocytes by modulating HIF-2α expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sook Hwang
- Division of rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Kyunggi, 431-070, Korea.,Institute for Skeletal Aging, Hallym University, Chunchon, 200-702, Korea
| | - Su Jin Park
- Division of rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Kyunggi, 431-070, Korea.,Institute for Skeletal Aging, Hallym University, Chunchon, 200-702, Korea
| | - Mi Hyun Lee
- Division of rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Kyunggi, 431-070, Korea. .,Institute for Skeletal Aging, Hallym University, Chunchon, 200-702, Korea.
| | - Hyun Ah Kim
- Division of rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Kyunggi, 431-070, Korea. .,Institute for Skeletal Aging, Hallym University, Chunchon, 200-702, Korea.
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68
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RNA Interference and BMP-2 Stimulation Allows Equine Chondrocytes Redifferentiation in 3D-Hypoxia Cell Culture Model: Application for Matrix-Induced Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091842. [PMID: 28837082 PMCID: PMC5618491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As in humans, osteoarthritis (OA) causes considerable economic loss to the equine industry. New hopes for cartilage repair have emerged with the matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI). Nevertheless, its limitation is due to the dedifferentiation occurring during the chondrocyte amplification phase, leading to the loss of its capacity to produce a hyaline extracellular matrix (ECM). To enhance the MACI therapy efficiency, we have developed a strategy for chondrocyte redifferentiation, and demonstrated its feasibility in the equine model. Thus, to mimic the cartilage microenvironment, the equine dedifferentiated chondrocytes were cultured in type I/III collagen sponges for 7 days under hypoxia in the presence of BMP-2. In addition, chondrocytes were transfected by siRNA targeting Col1a1 and Htra1 mRNAs, which are overexpressed during dedifferentiation and OA. To investigate the quality of the neo-synthesized ECM, specific and atypical cartilage markers were evaluated by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Our results show that the combination of 3D hypoxia cell culture, BMP-2 (Bone morphogenetic protein-2), and RNA interference, increases the chondrocytes functional indexes (Col2a1/Col1a1, Acan/Col1a1), leading to an effective chondrocyte redifferentiation. These data represent a proof of concept for this process of application, in vitro, in the equine model, and will lead to the improvement of the MACI efficiency for cartilage tissue engineering therapy in preclinical/clinical trials, both in equine and human medicine.
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69
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Kim H, Kim DH, Jeong B, Kim JH, Lee SR, Sonn JK. Blebbistatin induces chondrogenesis of single mesenchymal cells via PI3K/PDK1/mTOR/p70S6K pathway. Biologia (Bratisl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2017-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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70
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Lu Z, Lei D, Jiang T, Yang L, Zheng L, Zhao J. Nerve growth factor from Chinese cobra venom stimulates chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2801. [PMID: 28518137 PMCID: PMC5520725 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Growth factors such as transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1), have critical roles in the regulation of the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which promote cartilage repair. However, the clinical applications of the traditional growth factors are limited by their high cost, functional heterogeneity and unpredictable effects, such as cyst formation. It may be advantageous for cartilage regeneration to identify a low-cost substitute with greater chondral specificity and easy accessibility. As a neuropeptide, nerve growth factor (NGF) was involved in cartilage metabolism and NGF is hypothesized to mediate the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. We isolated NGF from Chinese cobra venom using a three-step procedure that we had improved upon from previous studies, and investigated the chondrogenic potential of NGF on bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs) both in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that NGF greatly upregulated the expression of cartilage-specific markers. When applied to cartilage repair for 4, 8 and 12 weeks, NGF-treated BMSCs have greater therapeutic effect than untreated BMSCs. Although inferior to TGF-β1 regarding its chondrogenic potential, NGF showed considerably lower expression of collagen type I, which is a fibrocartilage marker, and RUNX2, which is critical for terminal chondrocyte differentiation than TGF-β1, indicating its chondral specificity. Interestingly, NGF rarely induced BMSCs to differentiate into a neuronal phenotype, which may be due to the presence of other chondrogenic supplements. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism revealed that NGF-mediated chondrogenesis may be associated with the activation of PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways via the specific receptor of NGF, TrkA. In addition, NGF is easily accessed because of the abundance and low price of cobra venom, as well as the simplified methods for separation and purification. This study was the first to demonstrate the chondrogenic potential of NGF, which may provide a reference for cartilage regeneration in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Lu
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Material for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Danqing Lei
- The Medical and Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Tongmeng Jiang
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Material for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lihui Yang
- School of Nursing, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Material for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Material for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Henrionnet C, Liang G, Roeder E, Dossot M, Wang H, Magdalou J, Gillet P, Pinzano A. * Hypoxia for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Expansion and Differentiation: The Best Way for Enhancing TGFß-Induced Chondrogenesis and Preventing Calcifications in Alginate Beads. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:913-922. [PMID: 28385113 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the respective influence of a sequential or a continuous hypoxia during expansion and transforming growth factor beta 1-driven chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The differentiation was performed within alginate beads, a classical tool for the implantation of MSCs within the joint. The standard normoxic 2D (expansion) and 3D (differentiation) MSCs cultures served as reference. To determine the quality of chondrogenesis, we analyzed typical markers such as type II and X collagens, SOX9, COMP, versican, and aggrecan mRNAs using polymerase chain reaction and we assessed the production of type II collagen and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α by histological stainings. We simultaneously assessed the expression of osteogenic mRNAs (Alkaline Phosphatase, RUNX2, and Osteocalcin) and the presence of micro-calcifications by Alizarin red and Raman spectroscopy. Chondrogenic differentiation is clearly improved by hypoxia in 3D. Best results were obtained when the entire process, that is, 2D expansion and 3D differentiation, was performed under continuous 5% hypoxic condition. In addition, no calcification (hydroxyapatite, proved by RAMAN) was observed after 2D hypoxic expansion even in the case of a normoxic differentiation, in contrast with controls. Finally, a better chondrogenic differentiation of human MSCs is achieved when a reduced oxygen tension is applied during both expansion and differentiation times, avoiding in vitro osteogenic commitment of cells and subsequently the calcification deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gai Liang
- 1 UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine , Vandœuvre lès Nancy, France .,2 Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University , Wuhan, China
| | - Emilie Roeder
- 1 UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine , Vandœuvre lès Nancy, France
| | - Manuel Dossot
- 3 LCPME, UMR 7564 CNRS Université de Lorraine , Villers-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Hui Wang
- 2 Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University , Wuhan, China
| | - Jacques Magdalou
- 1 UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine , Vandœuvre lès Nancy, France
| | - Pierre Gillet
- 1 UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine , Vandœuvre lès Nancy, France
| | - Astrid Pinzano
- 1 UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine , Vandœuvre lès Nancy, France
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Srivastava A, Isa ILM, Rooney P, Pandit A. Bioengineered three-dimensional diseased intervertebral disc model revealed inflammatory crosstalk. Biomaterials 2017; 123:127-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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73
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Hyaluronic acid facilitates chondrogenesis and matrix deposition of human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells and human chondrocytes co-cultures. Acta Biomater 2017; 52:130-144. [PMID: 28131943 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Clinical success on cartilage regeneration could be achieved by using available biomaterials and cell-based approaches. In this study, we have developed a composite gel based on collagen/hyaluronic acid (Coll-HA) as ideal, physiologically representative 3D support for in vitro chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) co-cultured with human articular chondrocytes (hAC). The incorporation of hyaluronic acid (HA) attempted to provide an additional stimulus to the hAMSCs for chondrogenesis and extracellular matrix deposition. Coll-HA gels were fabricated by directly mixing different amounts of HA (0-5%) into collagen solution before gelation. hACs and hAMSCs were co-cultured at different ratios from 100% to 0% in steps of 25%. Thus, five different co-culture groups were tested in the various Coll-HA 3D matrices. HA greatly impacted the cell viability and proliferation as well as the mechanical properties of the Coll-HA gel. The effective Young's modulus changed from 5.8 to 9.0kPa with increasing concentrations of HA in the gel. In addition, significantly higher amounts of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) were detected that seemed to be dependent on HA content. The highest HA concentration used (5%) resulted in the lowest Collagen type X (Col10) expression for most of the cell culture groups. Unexpectedly, culturing in these gels was also associated with decreased SOX9 and Collagen type II (Col2) expression, while Collagen type III (Col3) and metalloproteinase 13 notably increased. By using 1% HA, a positive effect on SOX9 expression was observed in the co-culture groups. In addition, a significant increase in GAGs production was also detected. Regarding co-culturing, the group with 25% hAMSCs+75% hACs was the most chondrogenic one considering SOX9 and Col2 expression as well as GAGs production. This group showed negligible Col10 expression after 35days of culture independently of the gel used. It also featured the highest effective Young's modulus (9.9kPa) when cultivated in the 1% HA matrix. Concerning the level of dissolved oxygen in situ, the groups with a higher amount of hAMSCs showed lower oxygen levels (40-58% O2) compared to hACs (63-74% O2). This might be attributed to the higher cellular metabolism and proliferation rate of the hAMSCs. Interestingly, lower oxygen was detected in the HA-containing gels when compared to plain collagen. This may contribute to the better chondrogenesis observed in these groups. Altogether, our results indicated that HA may favor chondrogenesis, but its effect highly depends on the concentration used. Additionally, co-culture of hACs with hAMSCs also favors chondrogenesis and especially increases extracellular matrix production and decreases hypertrophy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE In the clinical situation, large cartilage defects can be treated with MACT. However, this is a two-stage procedure, which increases the risk for the patient. Moreover, culturing chondrocytes leads to dedifferentiation. The matrix used for MACT is a collagen-based scaffold. In this study, it was demonstrated that hyaluronic acid, a natural component of the extracellular matrix, supplementation to a collagen hydrogel stimulates chondrogenic differentiation in a dose dependent manner. 1% HA showed the best overall results. Furthermore, exchanging 25% of human articular chondrocytes with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells didn't change the chondrogenic potential, but reduced going in unwanted pathways and improved biomechanical properties. This could translate to a one-step procedure and shows the potential of inducing differentiation by natural biomaterials.
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74
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Rodenas-Rochina J, Kelly DJ, Gómez Ribelles JL, Lebourg M. Influence of oxygen levels on chondrogenesis of porcine mesenchymal stem cells cultured in polycaprolactone scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:1684-1691. [PMID: 28218494 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is known to be regulated by a number of environmental factors, including local oxygen levels. The hypothesis of this study is that the response of MSCs to hypoxia is dependent on the physical and chemical characteristics of the substrate used. The objective of this study was to explore how different modifications to polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds influenced the response of MSCs to hypoxia. PCL, PCL-hyaluronic acid (HA), and PCL-Bioglass® (BG) scaffolds were seeded with MSCs derived from bone marrow and cultured for 35 days under normoxic or low oxygen conditions, and the resulting biochemical properties of the MSC laden construct were assessed. Low oxygen tension has a positive effect over cell proliferation and macromolecules biosynthesis. Furthermore, hypoxia enhanced the distribution of collagen and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) deposition through the scaffold. On the other hand, MSCs displayed certain material dependent responses to hypoxia. Low oxygen tension had a positive effect on cell proliferation in BG and HA scaffolds, but only a positive effect on GAGs synthesis in PCL and HA scaffolds. In conclusion, hypoxia increased cell viability and expression of chondrogenic markers but the cell response was modulated by the type of scaffold used. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1684-1691, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin Rodenas-Rochina
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, CBIT, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Daniel J Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jose Luis Gómez Ribelles
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, CBIT, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, 46022, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, (CIBER-BBN), Valencia, Spain
| | - Myriam Lebourg
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, CBIT, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, 46022, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, (CIBER-BBN), Valencia, Spain
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75
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Shi Q, Qian Z, Liu D, Sun J, Xu J, Guo X. Maintaining the Phenotype Stability of Chondrocytes Derived from MSCs by C-Type Natriuretic Peptide. Front Physiol 2017; 8:143. [PMID: 28337152 PMCID: PMC5340764 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a critical role in cartilage tissue engineering. However, MSCs-derived chondrocytes or cartilage tissues are not stable and easily lose the cellular and cartilage phenotype during long-term culture in vitro or implantation in vivo. As a result, chondrocytes phenotypic instability can contribute to accelerated ossification. Thus, it is a big challenge to maintain their correct phenotype for engineering hyaline cartilage. As one member of the natriuretic peptide family, C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is found to correlate with the development of the cartilage, affect the chondrocytes proliferation and differentiation. Besides, based on its biological effects on protection of extracellular matrix of cartilage and inhibition of mineralization, we hypothesize that CNP may contribute to the stability of chondrocyte phenotype of MSCs-derived chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Shi
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalBeijing, China; Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Academy of Military Medical SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Qian
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Academy of Military Medical SciencesBeijing, China; School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Donghua Liu
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Academy of Military Medical SciencesBeijing, China; Stomatology Center, General Hospital of Armed Police ForcesBeijing, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital Beijing, China
| | - Ximin Guo
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Beijing, China
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76
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Frisch J, Cucchiarini M. Gene- and Stem Cell-Based Approaches to Regulate Hypertrophic Differentiation in Articular Cartilage Disorders. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1495-1512. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Janina Frisch
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University and Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Magali Cucchiarini
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University and Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
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77
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Öncel Torun Z, Torun D, Demirkaya K, Yavuz ST, Sarper M, Avcu F. Hypoxia inhibits mineralization ability of human dental pulp cells treated with TEGDMA but increases cell survival in accordance with the culture time. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 71:59-64. [PMID: 27447682 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cytotoxicity and mineralization effects of TEGDMA in human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) under hypoxic and normoxic culture conditions. DESIGN Cell viability was evaluated using XTT assay after incubation periods of 24, 48, or 72h. The expression of mineralization-related genes (osteonectin, osteopontin, dentin sialophosphoprotein, collagen type 1) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction at 24 and 72h. RESULTS In XTT assay, viability was higher in 0.3, 1, 2, 4, and 5mM groups in the presence of 21% O2 after 24h (p<0.05). Additionally, while 0.3, 1, 2mM groups had higher cell viability in the presence of 21% O2 after 48h (p<0.05), in 3mM groups cell viability was higher under 3% O2 than 21% O2 after both 24 and 48h (p<0.05). 1-3mM groups had higher cell viability under 3% O2 after 72h (p<0.05). There was no difference between 4 and 5mM groups with regards to cell viability after 48 or 72h (p>0.05). In the gene expression study, TEGDMA-treated hDPCs showed lower mineralization potential in the presence of 3% than with 21% O2 (p<0.05). hDPCs revealed higher HO 1 expression in 0.3 and 1mM groups under hypoxic than under normoxic conditions after a 72-h time period (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Hypoxic conditions increased cell survival in accordance with the culture period but inhibited the odontoblastic differentiation of hDPCs treated with TEGDMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Öncel Torun
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, 06018, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Deniz Torun
- Department of Medical Genetics, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, 06018, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kadriye Demirkaya
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, 06018, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Tolga Yavuz
- Department of Pediatric Allergy, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, 06018, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meral Sarper
- Department of Medical and Cancer Research Center, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, 06018, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ferit Avcu
- Department of Medical and Cancer Research Center, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, 06018, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Haematology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, 06018, Ankara, Turkey
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78
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Luciani N, Du V, Gazeau F, Richert A, Letourneur D, Le Visage C, Wilhelm C. Successful chondrogenesis within scaffolds, using magnetic stem cell confinement and bioreactor maturation. Acta Biomater 2016; 37:101-10. [PMID: 27063490 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Tissue engineering strategies, such as cellularized scaffolds approaches, have been explored for cartilage replacement. The challenge, however, remains to produce a cartilaginous tissue incorporating functional chondrocytes and being large and thick enough to be compatible with the replacement of articular defects. Here, we achieved unprecedented cartilage tissue production into a porous polysaccharide scaffold by combining of efficient magnetic condensation of mesenchymal stem cells, and dynamic maturation in a bioreactor. In optimal conditions, all the hallmarks of chondrogenesis were enhanced with a 50-fold increase in collagen II expression compared to negative control, an overexpression of aggrecan and collagen XI, and a very low expression of collagen I and RUNX2. Histological staining showed a large number of cellular aggregates, as well as an increased proteoglycan synthesis by chondrocytes. Interestingly, electron microscopy showed larger chondrocytes and a more abundant extracellular matrix. In addition, the periodicity of the neosynthesized collagen fibers matched that of collagen II. These results represent a major step forward in replacement tissue for cartilage defects. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE A combination of several innovative technologies (magnetic cell seeding, polysaccharide porous scaffolds, and dynamic maturation in bioreactor) enabled unprecedented successful chondrogenesis within scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Luciani
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057 CNRS & University Paris Diderot, Paris F-75205 Cedex 13, France.
| | - Vicard Du
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057 CNRS & University Paris Diderot, Paris F-75205 Cedex 13, France
| | - Florence Gazeau
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057 CNRS & University Paris Diderot, Paris F-75205 Cedex 13, France
| | - Alain Richert
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057 CNRS & University Paris Diderot, Paris F-75205 Cedex 13, France
| | - Didier Letourneur
- Laboratoire de recherche vasculaire translationnelle, INSERM UMR 1148 & University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | | | - Claire Wilhelm
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057 CNRS & University Paris Diderot, Paris F-75205 Cedex 13, France
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79
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Influencing chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells in scaffolds displaying a structural gradient in pore size. Acta Biomater 2016; 36:210-9. [PMID: 26969523 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Articular cartilage lesions have a limited ability to heal by themselves. Yet, golden standard treatments for cartilage repair such as drilling, microfracture and mosaicplasty provide further damage and an unstable solution that degenerates into fibrocartilage in time. Articular cartilage presents a number of gradients in cell number and size along with structural gradients in extra cellular matrix (ECM) composition. Therefore, creating scaffolds that display a structural gradient can be an appealing strategy for cartilage tissue regeneration treatments. In the present study, a scaffold with an in-built discrete gradient in pore size was produced by additive manufacturing. Human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) were seeded within the gradient scaffolds and their proliferation, differentiation and ECM deposition was evaluated with respect to 2 non-gradient scaffolds. Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) deposition was significantly higher in gradient scaffolds and non-gradient scaffolds with the smallest pore size compared to non-gradient scaffolds with the largest pore size. A gradual increase of chondrogenic markers was observed within the gradient structures with decreasing pore size, which was also accompanied by an increasingly compact ECM formation. Therefore, scaffolds displaying a structural gradient in pore size seem to be a promising strategy to aid in the process of hMSC chondrogenic differentiation and could be considered for improved cartilage tissue regeneration applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE We present the development of a novel hierarchical scaffold obtained by additive manufacturing. Structural hierarchy is obtained by changing pore size within the pore network characterizing the fabricated scaffolds and proves to be a functional element in the scaffold to influence adult stem cell differentiation in the chondrogenic lineage. Specifically, in regions of the scaffolds presenting smaller pores an increasing differentiation of stem cells toward the chondrogenic differentiation is displayed. Taking inspiration from the zonal organization of articular cartilage tissue, pore size gradients could, therefore, be considered as a new and important element in designing 3D scaffolds for regenerative medicine applications, in particular for all those tissues where gradient physical properties are present.
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80
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Shi S, Xie J, Zhong J, Lin S, Zhang T, Sun K, Fu N, Shao X, Lin Y. Effects of low oxygen tension on gene profile of soluble growth factors in co-cultured adipose-derived stromal cells and chondrocytes. Cell Prolif 2016; 49:341-51. [PMID: 27090063 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Moving towards development of optimized cartilage regeneration with adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs), the focus of this study was on investigating the influence of hypoxia on soluble factors secreted by ASCs and chondrocytes after crosstalk. METHODS We established direct contact co-culture and non-contact co-culture systems by using red or green fluorescent protein (R/GFP)-labelled mice and SD rats respectively. Gene variation of growth factors of the two cell types, in both hypoxic and normoxic conditions, were screened using semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS Co-culture with ASCs and chondrocytes under hypoxia was shown to successfully induce or enhance ASC to chondrogenic differentiation. To be specific, chondrogenic maker genes: AGC, COL II and SOX9 were remarkably enhanced in both ASCs and chondrocytes after crosstalk under low oxygen tension. Subsequently, screening growth factors in ASCs and chondrocytes under hypoxia showed that HIF-1α, VEGF-A/B, BMP-2/-4/-6, FGF-2 and IGF-1 were significantly increased, but not TGF-β1. CONCLUSIONS These results revealed that both hypoxia and co-culture systems can notably enhance chondrogenesis of ASCs as well as increase proliferation of ASCs and chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Juan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shiyu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ke Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Na Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoru Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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81
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Lin X, Yao Y, Wang B, Emlen DJ, Lavine LC. Ecological Trade-offs between Migration and Reproduction Are Mediated by the Nutrition-Sensitive Insulin-Signaling Pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:607-16. [PMID: 27143957 PMCID: PMC4852207 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.14802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Crowding and changes in food availability are two critical environmental conditions that impact an animal's trajectory toward either migration or reproduction. Many insects facing this challenge have evolved wing polyphenisms. When conditions favor reproduction, wing polyphenic species produce adults that either have no wings or short, non-functional wings. Facultative wing growth reflects a physiological and evolutionary trade-off between migration and reproduction, triggered by environmental conditions. How environmental cues are transduced to produce these alternative forms, and their associated ecological shift from migration to reproduction, remains an important unsolved problem in evolutionary ecology. The brown planthopper, a wing polymorphic insect exhibiting strong trade-offs in investment between migration and reproduction, is one of the most serious rice pests in Asia. In this study, we investigated the function of four genes in the insulin-signaling pathway known to couple nutrition with growth, PI3 Kinase (PI3K), PDK1, Akt (Protein Kinase B), and the forkhead gene FOXO. Using a combination of RNA interference and pharmacological inhibitor treatment, we show that all four genes contribute to tissue level regulation of wing polymorphic development in this insect. As predicted, silencing of the NlPI3K, NlAkt and NlPDK1 through dsRNA and with the pharmacological inhibitor Perifosine resulted in short-winged brown planthoppers, whereas knockdown of NlFOXO resulted in long-winged planthoppers. Morphometric analyses confirm that phenotypes from our manipulations mimic what would be found in nature, i.e., major parameters such as bristle number, wing area and body weight are not significantly different from non-experimental animals. Taken together, these data implicate the insulin-signaling pathway in the transduction of environmental factors into condition-dependent patterns of wing growth in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinda Lin
- 1. College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China, 310018
| | - Yun Yao
- 1. College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China, 310018
| | - Bo Wang
- 1. College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China, 310018
| | - Douglas J Emlen
- 2. Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, USA
| | - Laura Corley Lavine
- 3. Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
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82
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Christo SN, Diener KR, Manavis J, Grimbaldeston MA, Bachhuka A, Vasilev K, Hayball JD. Inflammasome components ASC and AIM2 modulate the acute phase of biomaterial implant-induced foreign body responses. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20635. [PMID: 26860464 PMCID: PMC4748295 DOI: 10.1038/srep20635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Detailing the inflammatory mechanisms of biomaterial-implant induced foreign body responses (FBR) has implications for revealing targetable pathways that may reduce leukocyte activation and fibrotic encapsulation of the implant. We have adapted a model of poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) bead injection to perform an assessment of the mechanistic role of the ASC-dependent inflammasome in this process. We first demonstrate that ASC−/− mice subjected to PMMA bead injections had reduced cell infiltration and altered collagen deposition, suggesting a role for the inflammasome in the FBR. We next investigated the NLRP3 and AIM2 sensors because of their known contributions in recognising damaged and apoptotic cells. We found that NLRP3 was dispensable for the fibrotic encapsulation; however AIM2 expression influenced leukocyte infiltration and controlled collagen deposition, suggesting a previously unexplored link between AIM2 and biomaterial-induced FBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan N Christo
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Sansom Institute and Hanson Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Kerrilyn R Diener
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Sansom Institute and Hanson Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Jim Manavis
- Centre for Neurological Diseases, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Michele A Grimbaldeston
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Akash Bachhuka
- Mawson Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Krasimir Vasilev
- Mawson Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia
| | - John D Hayball
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Sansom Institute and Hanson Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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83
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Yoo HI, Moon YH, Kim MS. Effects of CoCl2 on multi-lineage differentiation of C3H/10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 20:53-62. [PMID: 26807023 PMCID: PMC4722191 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2016.20.1.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the bone marrow and other somatic tissues reside in an environment with relative low oxygen tension. Cobalt chloride (CoCl2) can mimic hypoxic conditions through transcriptional changes of some genes including hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). This study evaluated the potential role of CoCl2 preconditioning on multi-lineage differentiation of C3H/10T1/2, a murine MSC line to understand its possible molecular mechanisms in vitro. CoCl2 treatment of MSCs markedly increased HIF-1α and VEGF mRNA, and protein expression of HIF-1α. Temporary preconditioning of MSCs with CoCl2 induced up-regulation of osteogenic markers including alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and type I collagen during osteogenic differentiation, followed by enhanced mineralization. CoCl2 also increased chondrogenic markers including aggrecan, sox9, and type II collagen, and promoted chondrocyte differentiation. CoCl2 suppressed the expression of adipogenic markers including PPARγ, aP2, and C/EBPα, and inhibited adipogenesis. Temporary preconditioning with CoCl2 could affect the multi-lineage differentiation of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Il Yoo
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Yeon Hee Moon
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Chodang University, Muan 58530, Korea
| | - Min Seok Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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84
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Green JD, Tollemar V, Dougherty M, Yan Z, Yin L, Ye J, Collier Z, Mohammed MK, Haydon RC, Luu HH, Kang R, Lee MJ, Ho SH, He TC, Shi LL, Athiviraham A. Multifaceted signaling regulators of chondrogenesis: Implications in cartilage regeneration and tissue engineering. Genes Dis 2015; 2:307-327. [PMID: 26835506 PMCID: PMC4730920 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Defects of articular cartilage present a unique clinical challenge due to its poor self-healing capacity and avascular nature. Current surgical treatment options do not ensure consistent regeneration of hyaline cartilage in favor of fibrous tissue. Here, we review the current understanding of the most important biological regulators of chondrogenesis and their interactions, to provide insight into potential applications for cartilage tissue engineering. These include various signaling pathways, including: fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)/bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs), Wnt/β-catenin, Hedgehog, Notch, hypoxia, and angiogenic signaling pathways. Transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of chondrogenesis will also be discussed. Advances in our understanding of these signaling pathways have led to promising advances in cartilage regeneration and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan D. Green
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Viktor Tollemar
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mark Dougherty
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Zhengjian Yan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Liangjun Yin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jixing Ye
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- School of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zachary Collier
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Maryam K. Mohammed
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rex C. Haydon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hue H. Luu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Richard Kang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Michael J. Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sherwin H. Ho
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lewis L. Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Aravind Athiviraham
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Zeng Y, Feng S, Liu W, Fu Q, Li Y, Li X, Chen C, Huang C, Ge Z, Du Y. Preconditioning of mesenchymal stromal cells toward nucleus pulposus-like cells by microcryogels-based 3D cell culture and syringe-based pressure loading system. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 105:507-520. [PMID: 26584248 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
To precondition mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) with mechanical stimulation may enhance cell survival and functions following implantation in load bearing environment such as nucleus pulposus (NP) in intervertebral disc (IVD). In this study, preconditioning of MSCs toward NP-like cells was achieved in previously developed poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) microcryogels (PMs) within a syringe-based three-dimensional (3D) culture system which provided a facile and cost-effective pressure loading approach. PMs loaded with alginate and MSCs could be incubated in a sealable syringe which could be air-compressed to apply pressure loading through a programmable syringe pump. Expression levels of chondrogenic marker genes SOX9, COL II, and ACAN were significantly upregulated in MSCs when pressure loading of 0.2 MPa or 0.8 MPa was implemented. Expression levels of COL I and COL X were downregulated when pressure loading was applied. In a nude mouse model, MSCs loaded in PMs mechanically stimulated for three days were subcutaneously injected using the same culture syringe. Three weeks postinjection, more proteoglycans (PGs) were deposited and more SOX9 and COL II but less COL I and COL X were stained in 0.2 MPa group. Furthermore, injectable MSCs-loaded PMs were utilized in an ex vivo rabbit IVD organ culture model that demonstrated the leak-proof function and enhanced cell retention of PMs assisted cell delivery to a load bearing environment for potential NP regeneration. This microcryogels-based 3D cell culture and syringe-based pressure loading system represents a novel method for 3D cell culture with mechanical stimulation for better function. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 507-520, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Siyu Feng
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qinyouen Fu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqian Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaokang Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chun Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Chenyu Huang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital; Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Zigang Ge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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86
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Suchorska WM, Lach MS, Richter M, Kaczmarczyk J, Trzeciak T. Bioimaging: An Useful Tool to Monitor Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells into Chondrocytes. Ann Biomed Eng 2015; 44:1845-59. [PMID: 26354117 PMCID: PMC4837225 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1443-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
To improve the recovery of damaged cartilage tissue, pluripotent stem cell-based therapies are being intensively explored. A number of techniques exist that enable monitoring of stem cell differentiation, including immunofluorescence staining. This simple and fast method enables changes to be observed during the differentiation process. Here, two protocols for the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into chondrocytes were used (monolayer cell culture and embryoid body formation). Cells were labeled for markers expressed during the differentiation process at different time points (pluripotent: NANOG, SOX2, OCT3/4, E-cadherin; prochondrogenic: SOX6, SOX9, Collagen type II; extracellular matrix components: chondroitin sulfate, heparan sulfate; beta-catenin, CXCR4, and Brachyury). Comparison of the signal intensity of differentiated cells to control cell populations (articular cartilage chondrocytes and human embryonic stem cells) showed decreased signal intensities of pluripotent markers, E-cadherin and beta-catenin. Increased signal intensities of prochondrogenic markers and extracellular matrix components were observed. The changes during chondrogenic differentiation monitored by evaluation of pluripotent and chondrogenic markers signal intensity were described. The changes were similar to several studies over chondrogenesis. These results were confirmed by semi-quantitative analysis of IF signals. In this research we indicate a bioimaging as a useful tool to monitor and semi-quantify the IF pictures during the differentiation of hES into chondrocyte-like.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria M Suchorska
- Radiobiology Lab, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15th Street, 61-866, Poznan, Poland
| | - Michał S Lach
- Radiobiology Lab, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15th Street, 61-866, Poznan, Poland. .,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Richter
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jacek Kaczmarczyk
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Trzeciak
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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87
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Zhong L, Huang X, Karperien M, Post JN. The Regulatory Role of Signaling Crosstalk in Hypertrophy of MSCs and Human Articular Chondrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:19225-47. [PMID: 26287176 PMCID: PMC4581295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160819225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic differentiation of chondrocytes is a main barrier in application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for cartilage repair. In addition, hypertrophy occurs occasionally in osteoarthritis (OA). Here we provide a comprehensive review on recent literature describing signal pathways in the hypertrophy of MSCs-derived in vitro differentiated chondrocytes and chondrocytes, with an emphasis on the crosstalk between these pathways. Insight into the exact regulation of hypertrophy by the signaling network is necessary for the efficient application of MSCs for articular cartilage repair and for developing novel strategies for curing OA. We focus on articles describing the role of the main signaling pathways in regulating chondrocyte hypertrophy-like changes. Most studies report hypertrophic differentiation in chondrogenesis of MSCs, in both human OA and experimental OA. Chondrocyte hypertrophy is not under the strict control of a single pathway but appears to be regulated by an intricately regulated network of multiple signaling pathways, such as WNT, Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ), Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP), Indian hedgehog (IHH), Fibroblast growth factor (FGF), Insulin like growth factor (IGF) and Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). This comprehensive review describes how this intricate signaling network influences tissue-engineering applications of MSCs in articular cartilage (AC) repair, and improves understanding of the disease stages and cellular responses within an OA articular joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Zhong
- Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands.
| | - Xiaobin Huang
- Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands.
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Marcel Karperien
- Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands.
| | - Janine N Post
- Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands.
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88
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Gaut C, Sugaya K. Critical review on the physical and mechanical factors involved in tissue engineering of cartilage. Regen Med 2015; 10:665-79. [DOI: 10.2217/rme.15.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage defects often progress to osteoarthritis, which negatively impacts quality of life for millions of people worldwide and leads to high healthcare expenditures. Tissue engineering approaches to osteoarthritis have concentrated on proliferation and differentiation of stem cells by activation and suppression of signaling pathways, and by using a variety of scaffolding techniques. Recent studies indicate a key role of environmental factors in the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to mature cartilage-producing chondrocytes. Therapeutic approaches that consider environmental regulation could optimize chondrogenesis protocols for regeneration of articular cartilage. This review focuses on the effect of scaffold structure and composition, mechanical stress and hypoxia in modulating mesenchymal stem cell fate and the current use of these environmental factors in tissue engineering research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Gaut
- INDICASAT-AIP, Ciudad de Saber, Clayton, Apartado 0843-01103, Panama, Rep. de Panama
- Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522510, India
| | - Kiminobu Sugaya
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
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89
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Controlling Redox Status for Stem Cell Survival, Expansion, and Differentiation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:105135. [PMID: 26273419 PMCID: PMC4530287 DOI: 10.1155/2015/105135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have long been considered as pathological agents inducing apoptosis under adverse culture conditions. However, recent findings have challenged this dogma and physiological levels of ROS are now considered as secondary messengers, mediating numerous cellular functions in stem cells. Stem cells represent important tools for tissue engineering, drug screening, and disease modeling. However, the safe use of stem cells for clinical applications still requires culture improvements to obtain functional cells. With the examples of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), this review investigates the roles of ROS in the maintenance of self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of stem cells. In addition, this work highlights that the tight control of stem cell microenvironment, including cell organization, and metabolic and mechanical environments, may be an effective approach to regulate endogenous ROS generation. Taken together, this paper indicates the need for better quantification of ROS towards the accurate control of stem cell fate.
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90
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Abstract
Many technologies that underpin tissue engineering as a research field were developed with the aim of producing functional human cartilage in vitro. Much of our practical experience with three-dimensional cultures, tissue bioreactors, scaffold materials, stem cells, and differentiation protocols was gained using cartilage as a model system. Despite these advances, however, generation of engineered cartilage matrix with the composition, structure, and mechanical properties of mature articular cartilage has not yet been achieved. Currently, the major obstacles to synthesis of clinically useful cartilage constructs are our inability to control differentiation to the extent needed, and the failure of engineered and host tissues to integrate after construct implantation. The aim of this chapter is to distil from the large available body of literature the seminal approaches and experimental techniques developed for cartilage tissue engineering and to identify those specific areas requiring further research effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline M Doran
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, 218, Hawthorn, Melbourne, VIC, 3122, Australia.
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91
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Farrell MJ, Shin JI, Smith LJ, Mauck RL. Functional consequences of glucose and oxygen deprivation on engineered mesenchymal stem cell-based cartilage constructs. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:134-42. [PMID: 25241241 PMCID: PMC4275365 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tissue engineering approaches for cartilage repair have focused on the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). For clinical success, MSCs must survive and produce extracellular matrix in the physiological context of the synovial joint, where low nutrient conditions engendered by avascularity, nutrient utilization, and waste production prevail. This study sought to delineate the role of microenvironmental stressors on MSC viability and functional capacity in three dimensional (3D) culture. DESIGN We evaluated the impact of glucose and oxygen deprivation on the functional maturation of 3D MSC-laden agarose constructs. Since MSC isolation procedures result in a heterogeneous cell population, we also utilized micro-pellet culture to investigate whether clonal subpopulations respond to these microenvironmental stressors in a distinct fashion. RESULTS MSC health and the functional maturation of 3D constructs were compromised by both glucose and oxygen deprivation. Importantly, glucose deprivation severely limited viability, and so compromised the functional maturation of 3D constructs to the greatest extent. The observation that not all cells died suggested there exists heterogeneity in the response of MSC populations to metabolic stressors. Population heterogeneity was confirmed through a series of studies utilizing clonally derived subpopulations, with a spectrum of matrix production and cell survival observed under conditions of metabolic stress. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that glucose deprivation has a significant impact on functional maturation, and that some MSC subpopulations are more resilient to metabolic challenge than others. These findings suggest that pre-selection of subpopulations that are resilient to metabolic challenge may improve in vivo outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Farrell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - J I Shin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - L J Smith
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - R L Mauck
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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92
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Metabolic programming of mesenchymal stromal cells by oxygen tension directs chondrogenic cell fate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:13954-9. [PMID: 25205812 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1410977111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Actively steering the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) into either permanent cartilage or hypertrophic cartilage destined to be replaced by bone has not yet been possible. During limb development, the developing long bone is exposed to a concentration gradient of oxygen, with lower oxygen tension in the region destined to become articular cartilage and higher oxygen tension in transient hypertrophic cartilage. Here, we prove that metabolic programming of MSCs by oxygen tension directs chondrogenesis into either permanent or transient hyaline cartilage. Human MSCs chondrogenically differentiated in vitro under hypoxia (2.5% O2) produced more hyaline cartilage, which expressed typical articular cartilage biomarkers, including established inhibitors of hypertrophic differentiation. In contrast, normoxia (21% O2) prevented the expression of these inhibitors and was associated with increased hypertrophic differentiation. Interestingly, gene network analysis revealed that oxygen tension resulted in metabolic programming of the MSCs directing chondrogenesis into articular- or epiphyseal cartilage-like tissue. This differentiation program resembled the embryological development of these distinct types of hyaline cartilage. Remarkably, the distinct cartilage phenotypes were preserved upon implantation in mice. Hypoxia-preconditioned implants remained cartilaginous, whereas normoxia-preconditioned implants readily underwent calcification, vascular invasion, and subsequent endochondral ossification. In conclusion, metabolic programming of MSCs by oxygen tension provides a simple yet effective mechanism by which to direct the chondrogenic differentiation program into either permanent articular-like cartilage or hypertrophic cartilage that is destined to become endochondral bone.
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93
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Hubka KM, Dahlin RL, Meretoja VV, Kasper FK, Mikos AG. Enhancing chondrogenic phenotype for cartilage tissue engineering: monoculture and coculture of articular chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2014; 20:641-54. [PMID: 24834484 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2014.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage exhibits an inherently low rate of regeneration. Consequently, damage to articular cartilage often requires surgical intervention. However, existing treatments generally result in the formation of fibrocartilage tissue, which is inferior to native articular cartilage. As a result, cartilage engineering strategies seek to repair or replace damaged cartilage with an engineered tissue that restores full functionality to the impaired joint. These strategies often involve the use of chondrocytes, yet in vitro expansion and culture can lead to undesirable changes in chondrocyte phenotype. This review focuses on the use of articular chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in either monoculture or coculture for the enhancement of chondrogenesis. Coculture strategies increasingly outperform their monoculture counterparts with regard to chondrogenesis and present unique opportunities to attain chondrocyte phenotype stability in vitro. Methods to prevent chondrocyte dedifferentiation and promote chondrocyte redifferentiation as well as to promote the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs while preventing MSC hypertrophy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsea M Hubka
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University , Houston, Texas
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94
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Lisignoli G, Manferdini C, Lambertini E, Zini N, Angelozzi M, Gabusi E, Gambari L, Penolazzi L, Lolli A, Facchini A, Piva R. Chondrogenic potential of Slug-depleted human mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:2795-805. [PMID: 24712489 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of short interfering RNA (siRNA) in combination with stem cells and biocompatible scaffolds is a promising strategy in regenerative medicine. Our experimental strategy was to explore the possibility of forcing or guiding the chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) by knocking down a negative regulator of chondrogenesis, Slug transcription factor (TF), thus altering cell behavior. We found that TGFβ-driven chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs cultured onto a hyaluronan-based scaffold, HYAFF(®)-11, was strengthened after cell exposure to siRNA against Slug. Slug silencing was effective in promoting the expression of chondrogenic markers, including Col2A1, aggrecan, Sox9, LEF1, and TRPS1. In addition, we confirmed that HYAFF-11 is a good scaffold candidate for hMSC use in tissue engineering applications, and showed that it is effective in sustaining TGFβ3 treatment associated with a specific gene silencing. Interestingly, preliminary results from the experimental model described here suggested that, even in the absence of differentiation supplements, Slug silencing showed a pro-chondrogenic effect, highlighting both its potential use as an alternative to TGFβ treatment, and the critical role of the Slug TF in determining the fate of hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Lisignoli
- 1 SC Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli , Bologna, Italy
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The effect of hypoxia on the stemness and differentiation capacity of PDLC and DPC. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:890675. [PMID: 24701587 PMCID: PMC3950753 DOI: 10.1155/2014/890675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction. Stem cells are regularly cultured under normoxic conditions. However, the physiological oxygen tension in the stem cell niche is known to be as low as 1-2% oxygen, suggesting that hypoxia has a distinct impact on stem cell maintenance. Periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) and dental pulp cells (DPCs) are attractive candidates in dental tissue regeneration. It is of great interest to know whether hypoxia plays a role in maintaining the stemness and differentiation capacity of PDLCs and DPCs. Methods. PDLCs and DPCs were cultured either in normoxia (20% O2) or hypoxia (2% O2). Cell viability assays were performed and the expressions of pluripotency markers (Oct-4, Sox2, and c-Myc) were detected by qRT-PCR and western blotting. Mineralization, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) deposition, and lipid droplets formation were assessed by Alizarin red S, Safranin O, and Oil red O staining, respectively. Results. Hypoxia did not show negative effects on the proliferation of PDLCs and DPCs. The pluripotency markers and differentiation potentials of PDLCs and DPCs significantly increased in response to hypoxic environment. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that hypoxia plays an important role in maintaining the stemness and differentiation capacity of PDLCs and DPCs.
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