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YAP inhibition enhances the differentiation of functional stem cell-derived insulin-producing β cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1464. [PMID: 30931946 PMCID: PMC6443737 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09404-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-derived insulin-producing beta cells (SC-β) offer an inexhaustible supply of functional β cells for cell replacement therapies and disease modeling for diabetes. While successful directed differentiation protocols for this cell type have been described, the mechanisms controlling its differentiation and function are not fully understood. Here we report that the Hippo pathway controls the proliferation and specification of pancreatic progenitors into the endocrine lineage. Downregulation of YAP, an effector of the pathway, enhances endocrine progenitor differentiation and the generation of SC-β cells with improved insulin secretion. A chemical inhibitor of YAP acts as an inducer of endocrine differentiation and reduces the presence of proliferative progenitor cells. Conversely, sustained activation of YAP results in impaired differentiation, blunted glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and increased proliferation of SC-β cells. Together these results support a role for YAP in controlling the self-renewal and differentiation balance of pancreatic progenitors and limiting endocrine differentiation in vitro. Pluripotent stem cells can be directed into insulin-producing beta cells in vitro. Here, the authors show that downregulation of YAP, an effector of the Hippo pathway, enhances endocrine progenitor differentiation and the generation of beta-cells with improved insulin secretion.
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Li C, Morvaridi S, Lam G, Chheda C, Kamata Y, Katsumata M, Edderkaoui M, Yuan X, Nissen N, Pandol SJ, Wang Q. MSP-RON Signaling Is Activated in the Transition From Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PanIN) to Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Front Physiol 2019; 10:147. [PMID: 30863319 PMCID: PMC6399467 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the deadliest epithelial malignancies and remains difficult to treat. Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs) represent the majority of the pre-cancer lesions in the pancreas. The PDAC microenvironment consists of activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) and immune cells, which are thought to contribute to neoplastic transformation. However, the signaling events involved in driving the transition from the neoplastic precursor to the more advanced and aggressive forms in the pancreas are not well understood. Recepteur d’Origine Nantais (RON) is a c-MET family receptor tyrosine kinase that is implicated in playing a role in cell proliferation, migration and other aspects of tumorigenesis. Macrophage stimulating protein (MSP) is the ligand for RON and becomes activated upon proteolytic cleavage by matriptase (also known as ST14), a type II transmembrane serine protease. In the current study, by immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis of human pancreatic tissues, we found that the expression levels MSP and matriptase are drastically increased during the transition from the preneoplastic PanIN stages to the more advanced and aggressive PDAC. Moreover, RON is highly expressed in both PDAC and in cancer-associated stellate cells. In contrast, MSP, RON, and matriptase are expressed at low levels, if any, in normal pancreas. Our study underscores an emerging role of MSP-RON autocrine and paracrine signaling events in driving malignant progression in the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Susan Morvaridi
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Gloria Lam
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Chintan Chheda
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yoshiko Kamata
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Makoto Katsumata
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mouad Edderkaoui
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Xiaopu Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nicholas Nissen
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Stephen J Pandol
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Cortes E, Sarper M, Robinson B, Lachowski D, Chronopoulos A, Thorpe SD, Lee DA, Del Río Hernández AE. GPER is a mechanoregulator of pancreatic stellate cells and the tumor microenvironment. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e46556. [PMID: 30538117 PMCID: PMC6322386 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of the tumor microenvironment are emerging as attractive targets for the development of therapies. Tamoxifen, an agonist of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), is widely used to treat estrogen-positive breast cancer. Here, we show that tamoxifen mechanically reprograms the tumor microenvironment through a newly identified GPER-mediated mechanism. Tamoxifen inhibits the myofibroblastic differentiation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) in the tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer in an acto-myosin-dependent manner via RhoA-mediated contractility, YAP deactivation, and GPER signaling. This hampers the ability of PSCs to remodel the extracellular matrix and to promote cancer cell invasion. Tamoxifen also reduces the recruitment and polarization to the M2 phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages. Our results highlight GPER as a mechanical regulator of the tumor microenvironment that targets the three hallmarks of pancreatic cancer: desmoplasia, inflammation, and immune suppression. The well-established safety of tamoxifen in clinics may offer the possibility to redirect the singular focus of tamoxifen on the cancer cells to the greater tumor microenvironment and lead a new strategy of drug repurposing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Cortes
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Muge Sarper
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Benjamin Robinson
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Dariusz Lachowski
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Antonios Chronopoulos
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen D Thorpe
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - David A Lee
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Armando E Del Río Hernández
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Pancreatic Exocrine Tissue Architecture and Integrity are Maintained by E-cadherin During Postnatal Development. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13451. [PMID: 30194315 PMCID: PMC6128895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31603-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion plays an important role in organ development and changes in cadherin expression are often linked to morphogenetic and pathogenic events. Cadherins interact with other intracellular components to form adherens junctions (AJs) and provide mechanical attachments between adjacent cells. E-cadherin (Cdh1) represents an integral component of these intercellular junctions. To elucidate the function of E-cadherin in the developing pancreas, we generated and studied pancreas-specific Cdh1-knockout (Cdh1ΔPan/ΔPan) mice. Cdh1ΔPan/ΔPan mice exhibit normal body size at birth, but fail to gain weight and become hypoglycemic soon afterward. We found that E-cadherin is not required for the establishment of apical-basal polarity or pancreatic exocrine cell identity at birth. However, four days after birth, the pancreata of Cdh1ΔPan/ΔPan mutants display progressive deterioration of exocrine architecture and dysregulation of Wnt and YAP signaling. At this time point, the acinar cells of Cdh1ΔPan/ΔPan mutants begin to exhibit ductal phenotypes, suggesting acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) in the E-cadherin-deficient pancreas. Our findings demonstrate that E-cadherin plays an integral role in the maintenance of exocrine architecture and regulation of homeostatic signaling. The present study provides insights into the involvement of cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion in pathogenic conditions such as pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer.
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Using CRISPR/Cas9 to Knock out Amylase in Acinar Cells Decreases Pancreatitis-Induced Autophagy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8719397. [PMID: 29888283 PMCID: PMC5985122 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8719397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a malignant neoplasm that originates from acinar cells. Acinar cells get reprogrammed to become duct cells, resulting in pancreatic cancer. Pancreatitis is an acinar cell inflammation, leading to "impaired autophagy flux". Pancreatitis promotes acinar-to-ductal transdifferentiation. Expression of amylase gets eliminated during the progression of pancreatic cancer. Amylase is considered as an acinar cell marker; however, its function in cells is not known. Thus, we investigated whether amylase affects the acinar cell autophagy and whether it plays any role in development of pancreatitis. Here, we knocked out ATG12 in a pancreatic cancer cells and acinar cells using CRISPR/Cas9. Autophagy inhibition led to an increase in the expression of duct cell markers and a simultaneous decrease in that of acinar cell markers. It also caused an increase in cell viability and changes in mitochondrial morphology. Next, we knocked out amylase in acinar cells. Amylase deficiency decreased autophagy induced by pancreatitis. Our results suggest that amylase controls pancreatitis-induced autophagy. We found that eliminating amylase expression contributes to pancreatic cancer etiology by decreasing autophagy. Furthermore, our results indicate that amylase plays a role in selective pancreatitis-induced autophagy of pancreatic enzyme vesicles.
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56
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Liu S, Miao R, Zhai M, Pang Q, Deng Y, Liu S, Qu K, Liu C, Zhang J. Effects and related mechanisms of serotonin on malignant biological behavior of hepatocellular carcinoma via regulation of Yap. Oncotarget 2018; 8:47412-47424. [PMID: 28537892 PMCID: PMC5564575 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) and Yes-associated protein (Yap), which act as a mitogen and an oncogene, respectively, play an important role in tumors. Here, we investigated whether 5-HT could affect the hepatocarcinogenic process via promoting the activation and expression of Yap, as well as the possible underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that 5-HT promoted hepatoma cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis via regulating Yap expression in vitro and in vivo, and Yap knockdown had opposite effects. Furthermore, 5-HT activated 5-HT2BR to promote Yap expression via upregulating the pERK level. Inhibitors of 5-HT2BR and ERK attenuated the overexpression of Yap and promotional effects of 5-HT in vitro and in vivo. As a result, 5-HT affected the malignant biological behavior of hepatoma cells via the 5-HT-5-HT2BR-pERK-Yap axis. Therefore, 5-HT and Yap may be prognostic predictors and potential therapeutic targets for HCC patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushun Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Runchen Miao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mimi Zhai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qing Pang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sinan Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai Qu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of SICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingyao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of SICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Jiang Z, Zhou C, Cheng L, Yan B, Chen K, Chen X, Zong L, Lei J, Duan W, Xu Q, Li X, Wang Z, Ma Q, Ma J. Inhibiting YAP expression suppresses pancreatic cancer progression by disrupting tumor-stromal interactions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:69. [PMID: 29587800 PMCID: PMC5870346 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0740-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Hippo/YAP pathway is known to be important for development, growth and organogenesis, and dysregulation of this pathway leads to tumor progression. We and others find that YAP is up-regulated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and associated with worse prognosis of patients. Activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) forming the components of microenvironment that enhance pancreatic cancer cells (PCs) invasiveness and malignance. However, the role and mechanism of YAP in PDAC tumor-stromal interaction is largely unknown. Methods The expression of YAP in Pancreatic cancer cell lines and PDAC samples was examined by Western blot and IHC. The biological role of YAP on cancer cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasion were evaluated by MTT, Quantitative real-time PCR analysis, Western blot analysis and invasion assay. The effect of YAP on PSC activation was evaluated by PC-PSC co-culture conditions and xenograft PDAC mouse model. Results Firstly, knockdown of YAP inhibits PDAC cell proliferation and invasion in vitro. In addition, YAP modulates the PC and PSC interaction via reducing the production of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) from PCs, inhibits paracrine-mediated PSC activation under PC-PSC co-culture conditions and in turn disrupts TGF-β1-mediated tumor-stromal interactions. Lastly, inhibiting YAP expression prevents tumor growth and suppresses desmoplastic reaction in vivo. Conclusions These results demonstrate that YAP contributes to the proliferation and invasion of PC and the activation of PSC via tumor-stromal interactions and that targeting YAP may be a promising therapeutic strategy for PDAC treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0740-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengdong Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Cancan Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Liang Zong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jianjun Lei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Wanxing Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Qinhong Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xuqi Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Qingyong Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Jiguang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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Zhou X, Su J, Feng S, Wang L, Yin X, Yan J, Wang Z. Antitumor activity of curcumin is involved in down-regulation of YAP/TAZ expression in pancreatic cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:79076-79088. [PMID: 27738325 PMCID: PMC5346699 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most aggressive human malignancies worldwide and is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is a polyphenol derived from the Curcuma longa plant. Certain studies have demonstrated that curcumin exerts its anti-tumor function in a variety of human cancers including PC, via targeting multiple therapeutically important cancer signaling pathways. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Two transcriptional co-activators, YAP (Yes-associated protein) and its close paralog TAZ (transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif) exert oncogenic activities in various cancers. Therefore, in this study we aimed to determine the molecular basis of curcumin-induced cell proliferation inhibition in PC cells. First, we detected the anti-tumor effects of curcumin on PC cell lines using CTG assay, Flow cytometry, clonogenic assay, wound healing assay and Transwell invasion assay. We found that curcumin significantly suppressed cell growth, weakened clonogenic potential, inhibited migration and invasion, and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in PC cells. We further measured that overexpression of YAP enhanced cell proliferation and abrogated the cytotoxic effects of curcumin on PC cells. Moreover, we found that curcumin markedly down-regulated YAP and TAZ expression and subsequently suppressed Notch-1 expression. Collectively, these findings suggest that pharmacological inhibition of YAP and TAZ activity may be a promising anticancer strategy for the treatment of PC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxia Zhou
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jingna Su
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shaoyan Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology, The fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519020, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xuyuan Yin
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jingzhe Yan
- Department of Abdominal Oncosurgery, Jilin province Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Zhan T, Huang X, Tian X, Chen X, Ding Y, Luo H, Zhang Y. Downregulation of MicroRNA-455-3p Links to Proliferation and Drug Resistance of Pancreatic Cancer Cells via Targeting TAZ. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 10:215-226. [PMID: 29499934 PMCID: PMC5862130 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major cause of treatment failure in pancreatic cancer. The limited evidence indicates the involvement of miR-455-3p in chemotherapy resistance of cancer. Here we observed by qPCR that miR-455-3p was significantly decreased in pancreatic cancer tissues and cell lines. We then confirmed that the inhibition of miR-455-3p increased cell proliferation and gemcitabine resistance of pancreatic cancer, whereas forced overexpression of miR-455-3p had the opposite effect. Furthermore, we demonstrated that TAZ, which is associated with drug resistance of pancreatic cancer, is a new direct downstream target of miR-455-3p. Our present study suggests that miR-455-3p contributes to cell proliferation and drug resistance in pancreatic cancer cells via targeting TAZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xia Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China
| | - Hesheng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yadong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China.
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Peng C, Zhu Y, Zhang W, Liao Q, Chen Y, Zhao X, Guo Q, Shen P, Zhen B, Qian X, Yang D, Zhang JS, Xiao D, Qin W, Pei H. Regulation of the Hippo-YAP Pathway by Glucose Sensor O-GlcNAcylation. Mol Cell 2017; 68:591-604.e5. [PMID: 29100056 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is crucial in organ size control and tissue homeostasis, with deregulation leading to cancer. An extracellular nutrition signal, such as glucose, regulates the Hippo pathway activation. However, the mechanisms are still not clear. Here, we found that the Hippo pathway is directly regulated by the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) in response to metabolic nutrients. Mechanistically, the core component of Hippo pathway (YAP) is O-GlcNAcylated by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) at serine 109. YAP O-GlcNAcylation disrupts its interaction with upstream kinase LATS1, prevents its phosphorylation, and activates its transcriptional activity. And this activation is not dependent on AMPK. We also identified OGT as a YAP-regulated gene that forms a feedback loop. Finally, we confirmed that glucose-induced YAP O-GlcNAcylation and activation promoted tumorigenesis. Together, our data establish a molecular mechanism and functional significance of the HBP in directly linking extracellular glucose signal to the Hippo-YAP pathway and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changmin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Lab, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No 29, 13ST. TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China; State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China; Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qinchao Liao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Lab, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No 29, 13ST. TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yali Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Cell Signaling and Epigenetics Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Bei Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaohong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Dong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jin-San Zhang
- Cell Signaling and Epigenetics Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongguang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Lab, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No 29, 13ST. TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Weijie Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Huadong Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Science, 2300 Eye Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20037, USA.
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Xia D, Li X, Niu Q, Liu X, Xu W, Ma C, Gu H, Liu Z, Shi L, Tian X, Chen X, Zhang Y. MicroRNA-185 suppresses pancreatic cell proliferation by targeting transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif in pancreatic cancer. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:657-666. [PMID: 29399068 PMCID: PMC5772449 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare the expression of transcriptional coactivator with the PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) in pancreatic cancer (PC) patients, and to investigate the regulation mechanisms of TAZ in the proliferation of PC. PC tissues and matched peritumoral tissues, pancreatic juice and serum were collected from PC patients who underwent pancreatectomy between June 2012 and December 2015 at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University (Qingdao, China). Pancreatic juice and serum were collected from patients with chronic pancreatitis as a control. The levels of taz mRNA expression in the samples were examined by reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the protein expression of TAZ was assessed by western blot analysis and ELISA. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate TAZ expression were also predicted by bioinformatics analysis and validated by dual luciferase reporter and rescue assays. In addition, the proliferation of PC cells was evaluated after transfection with TAZ small interfering RNA (siRNA) or its upstream miRNA agomir. Expression of TAZ was significantly increased in the PC tissues, pancreatic juice and serum of PC patients at the mRNA and protein levels compared with controls (P<0.05). Furthermore, TAZ was predicted and verified to be a target of miRNA (miR)-185, and miR-185 and TAZ were inversely expressed in samples from PC patients (P<0.05). In addition, TAZ siRNA or agomiR-185 transfection significantly inhibited human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell proliferation (P<0.05). However, overexpression of TAZ in the agomiR-185 group rescued the inhibition (P<0.05). Finally, the expression of TAZ effector proteins, namely ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein and cysteine-rich 61, were upregulated in PC tissues (P<0.05), but repressed following transfection of PC cells with agomiR-185 (P<0.05). Thus, miR-185 may regulate the proliferation of PC by targeting TAZ, making it a promising diagnostic marker for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Xia
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Qinghui Niu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Xishuang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Wanqun Xu
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Chengtai Ma
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Huali Gu
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Zhenfang Liu
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Xintao Tian
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxue Chen
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Yubao Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
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Liu Y, Xing Y, Cai L. [Role of Hippo Signaling Pathway in Lung Cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2017; 20:629-634. [PMID: 28935017 PMCID: PMC5973372 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2017.09.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
肺癌是全世界范围内肿瘤相关性死亡的首要原因,每年死亡人数超过100万人,占全球癌症死亡人数的五分之一。虽然目前在手术、放化疗、靶向治疗、免疫治疗肺癌方面取得了一定进展,但患者的预后仍不理想。因此,亟待寻找评价预后的分子标志物和肺癌的治疗新靶点,为肺癌患者提供生存获益的有效方法。近年来,Hippo信号通路逐渐成为国内外肿瘤研究领域中新兴且热门的研究方向。Hippo信号通路激活时,其核心组件MST/MOB、LATS1/2等能抑制转录的共激活剂YAP/TAZ的转录,二者被磷酸化并滞留在细胞浆中,从而抑制肺癌的发生发展。因此Hippo信号通路在临床应用中的潜在价值也越来越受关注。本篇文章总结了Hippo信号通路核心组成元件及上下游调控因子在肺癌形成进展过程中的重要作用和分子机制,并对Hippo信号通路的研究前景进行展望。
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuechao Liu
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Ying Xing
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Li Cai
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
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Toloczko A, Guo F, Yuen HF, Wen Q, Wood SA, Ong YS, Chan PY, Shaik AA, Gunaratne J, Dunne MJ, Hong W, Chan SW. Deubiquitinating Enzyme USP9X Suppresses Tumor Growth via LATS Kinase and Core Components of the Hippo Pathway. Cancer Res 2017; 77:4921-4933. [PMID: 28720576 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-3413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The core LATS kinases of the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway phosphorylate and inhibit the downstream transcriptional co-activators YAP and TAZ, which are implicated in various cancers. Recent studies have identified various E3 ubiquitin ligases that negatively regulate the Hippo pathway via ubiquitination, yet few deubiquitinating enzymes (DUB) have been implicated. In this study, we report the DUB USP9X is an important regulator of the core kinases of this pathway. USP9X interacted strongly with LATS kinase and to a lesser extent with WW45, KIBRA, and Angiomotin, and LATS co-migrated exclusively with USP9X during gel filtration chromatography analysis. Knockdown of USP9X significantly downregulated and destabilized LATS and resulted in enhanced nuclear translocation of YAP and TAZ, accompanied with activation of their target genes. In the absence of USP9X, cells exhibited an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition phenotype, acquired anchorage-independent growth in soft agar, and led to enlarged, disorganized, three-dimensional acini. YAP/TAZ target gene activation in response to USP9X knockdown was suppressed by knockdown of YAP, TAZ, and TEAD2. Deletion of USP9X in mouse embryonic fibroblasts resulted in significant downregulation of LATS. Furthermore, USP9X protein expression correlated positively with LATS but negatively with YAP/TAZ in pancreatic cancer tissues as well as pancreatic and breast cancer cell lines. Overall, these results strongly indicate that USP9X potentiates LATS kinase to suppress tumor growth. Cancer Res; 77(18); 4921-33. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Toloczko
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Fusheng Guo
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hiu-Fung Yuen
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Qing Wen
- Centre for Public Health and Centre for Cancer Research & Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen A Wood
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yan Shan Ong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Pei Yi Chan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Asfa Alli Shaik
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Mark J Dunne
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Wanjin Hong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Siew Wee Chan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
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Matrix stiffness induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and promotes chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer cells. Oncogenesis 2017; 6:e352. [PMID: 28671675 PMCID: PMC5541706 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2017.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased matrix rigidity associated with the fibrotic reaction is documented to stimulate intracellular signalling pathways that promote cancer cell survival and tumour growth. Pancreatic cancer is one of the stiffest of all human solid carcinomas and is characterised by a remarkable desmoplastic reaction. Here we use mouse models, genetically engineered to recapitulate human pancreatic cancer, and several pancreatic cancer cell lines as a model to investigate the effect of matrix stiffness in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and resistance to chemotherapeutics. We found that recapitulation of the fibrotic rigidities found in pancreatic cancer tissues promote elements of EMT, including increases in vimentin expression, decreases in E-cadherin expression, nuclear localisation of β-catenin, YAP and TAZ and changes in cell shape towards a mesenchymal phenotype. We also report that stiffness induces chemoresistance to paclitaxel, but not to gemcitabine, both commonly used therapeutics, suggesting that environmental rigidity underlies an aspect of chemoresistance.
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Wei H, Xu Z, Liu F, Wang F, Wang X, Sun X, Li J. Hypoxia induces oncogene yes-associated protein 1 nuclear translocation to promote pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma invasion via epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317691684. [PMID: 28475017 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317691684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the most lethal cancers. The Hippo pathway is involved in tumorigenesis and remodeling of tumor microenvironments. Hypoxia exists in the microenvironment of solid tumors, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and plays a vital role in tumor progression and metastasis. However, it remains unclear how hypoxia interacts with the Hippo pathway to regulate these events. In this study, expressions of yes-associated protein 1 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α were found to be elevated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma samples compared with those in matched adjacent non-tumor samples. Moreover, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α expression was positively correlated with yes-associated protein 1 level in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissues. The higher expression of nuclear yes-associated protein 1 was associated with poor histological grade and prognosis for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients. In vitro, yes-associated protein 1 was highly expressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. Depletion of yes-associated protein 1 inhibited the invasion of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells via downregulation of Vimentin, matrix metalloproteinase-2, and matrix metalloproteinase-13, and upregulation of E-cadherin. In addition, hypoxia promoted the invasion of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells via regulating the targeted genes. Hypoxia also deactivated the Hippo pathway and induced yes-associated protein 1 nuclear translocation. Furthermore, depletion of yes-associated protein 1 or hypoxia-inducible factor-1α suppressed the invasion of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells under hypoxia. Mechanism studies showed that nuclear yes-associated protein 1 interacted with hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and activated Snail transcription to participate in epithelial-mesenchymal transition-mediated and matrix metalloproteinase-mediated remodeling of tumor microenvironments. Collectively, yes-associated protein 1 is an independent prognostic predictor that interacts with hypoxia-inducible factor-1α to enhance the invasion of pancreatic cancer cells and remodeling of tumor microenvironments. Therefore, yes-associated protein 1 may serve as a novel promising target to enhance therapeutic effects for treating pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglong Wei
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zongzhen Xu
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Feng Liu
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fuhai Wang
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Wang
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xueying Sun
- 2 Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jie Li
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Noh MG, Kim SS, Hwang EC, Kwon DD, Choi C. Yes-Associated Protein Expression Is Correlated to the Differentiation of Prostate Adenocarcinoma. J Pathol Transl Med 2017; 51:365-373. [PMID: 28602051 PMCID: PMC5525043 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2017.05.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Yes-associated protein (YAP) in the Hippo signaling pathway is a growth control pathway that regulates cell proliferation and stem cell functions. Abnormal regulation of YAP was reported in human cancers including liver, lung, breast, skin, colon, and ovarian cancer. However, the function of YAP is not known in prostate adenocarcinoma. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of YAP in tumorigenesis, differentiation, and prognosis of prostate adenocarcinoma. Methods The nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of YAP was examined in 188 cases of prostate adenocarcinoma using immunohistochemistry. YAP expression levels were evaluated in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the prostate adenocarcinoma and the adjacent normal prostate tissue. The presence of immunopositive tumor cells was evaluated and interpreted in comparison with the patients’ clinicopathologic data. Results YAP expression levels were not significantly different between normal epithelial cells and prostate adenocarcinoma. However, YAP expression level was significantly higher in carcinomas with a high Gleason grades (8–10) than in carcinomas with a low Gleason grades (6–7) (p < .01). There was no statistical correlation between YAP expression and stage, age, prostate-specific antigen level, and tumor volume. Biochemical recurrence (BCR)–free survival was significantly lower in patients with high YAP expressing cancers (p = .02). However high YAP expression was not an independent prognostic factor for BCR in the Cox proportional hazards model. Conclusions The results suggested that YAP is not associated with prostate adenocarcinoma development, but it may be associated with the differentiation of the adenocarcinoma. YAP was not associated with BCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Giun Noh
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Sung Sun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Eu Chang Hwang
- Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Dong Deuk Kwon
- Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Chan Choi
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
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A combinatorial strategy using YAP and pan-RAF inhibitors for treating KRAS-mutant pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2017; 402:61-70. [PMID: 28576749 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
KRAS mutation is the most common genetic event in pancreatic cancer. Whereas KRAS itself has proven difficult to inhibit, agents that target key downstream signals of KRAS, such as RAF, are possibly effective for pancreatic cancer treatment. Because selective BRAF inhibitors paradoxically induce downstream signaling activation, a pan-RAF inhibitor, LY3009120 is a better alternate for KRAS-mutant tumor treatment. Here we explored a new combinational strategy using a YAP inhibitor and LY3009120 in pancreatic cancer treatment. We found that reduced YAP expression closely correlates with longer relapse-free and overall survival of patients. Stable knockdown of YAP significantly inhibited pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth. In addition, LY3009120 exhibited a dramatically enhanced antitumor effect in combination with YAP knockdown. YAP depletion blocks the activation of a parallel AKT signal pathway after LY3009120 treatment. Finally, combination with a YAP inhibitor, verteporfin, significantly enhanced the antitumor efficacy of LY3009120. Collectively, our results demonstrate that genetic or pharmacological inhibition of YAP can increase sensitivity to LY3009120 in pancreatic cancer through blocking compensatory activation of a parallel AKT signal pathway, thereby validating a combinatorial approach for treating KRAS-mutant pancreatic cancer.
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Strnadel J, Choi S, Fujimura K, Wang H, Zhang W, Wyse M, Wright T, Gross E, Peinado C, Park HW, Bui J, Kelber J, Bouvet M, Guan KL, Klemke RL. eIF5A-PEAK1 Signaling Regulates YAP1/TAZ Protein Expression and Pancreatic Cancer Cell Growth. Cancer Res 2017; 77:1997-2007. [PMID: 28381547 PMCID: PMC5392372 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), mutant KRAS stimulates the translation initiation factor eIF5A and upregulates the focal adhesion kinase PEAK1, which transmits integrin and growth factor signals mediated by the tumor microenvironment. Although eIF5A-PEAK1 signaling contributes to multiple aggressive cancer cell phenotypes, the downstream signaling processes that mediate these responses are uncharacterized. Through proteomics and informatic analyses of PEAK1-depleted PDAC cells, we defined protein translation, cytoskeleton organization, and cell-cycle regulatory pathways as major pathways controlled by PEAK1. Biochemical and functional studies revealed that the transcription factors YAP1 and TAZ are key targets of eIF5A-PEAK1 signaling. YAP1/TAZ coimmunoprecipitated with PEAK1. Interfering with eIF5A-PEAK1 signaling in PDAC cells inhibited YAP/TAZ protein expression, decreasing expression of stem cell-associated transcription factors (STF) including Oct4, Nanog, c-Myc, and TEAD, thereby decreasing three-dimensional (3D) tumor sphere growth. Conversely, amplified eIF5A-PEAK1 signaling increased YAP1/TAZ expression, increasing expression of STF and enhancing 3D tumor sphere growth. Informatic interrogation of mRNA sequence databases revealed upregulation of the eIF5A-PEAK1-YAP1-TEAD signaling module in PDAC patients. Taken together, our findings indicate that eIF5A-PEAK1-YAP signaling contributes to PDAC development by regulating an STF program associated with increased tumorigenicity. Cancer Res; 77(8); 1997-2007. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Strnadel
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Sunkyu Choi
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ken Fujimura
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Huawei Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Meghan Wyse
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Tracy Wright
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Emilie Gross
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Carlos Peinado
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Hyun Woo Park
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jack Bui
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jonathan Kelber
- Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Richard L Klemke
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Wei H, Wang F, Wang Y, Li T, Xiu P, Zhong J, Sun X, Li J. Verteporfin suppresses cell survival, angiogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma via disrupting the YAP-TEAD complex. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:478-487. [PMID: 28002618 PMCID: PMC5378285 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive human malignancies. The Yes-associated protein-1 (YAP) plays a critical role in cell proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis. Verteporfin is a photosensitizer used in photodynamic therapy and also a small molecular inhibitor of the Hippo-YAP pathway. However, little is known about whether verteporfin could inhibit YAP activity in PDAC cells. Our present results showed that verteporfin suppressed the proliferation of human PDAC PANC-1 and SW1990 cells by arresting cells at the G1 phase, and inducing apoptosis in dose- and time-dependent manners. Verteporfin also inhibited the tumor growth on the PDAC xenograft model. Treatment with verteporfin led to downregulation of cyclinD1 and cyclinE1, modulation of Bcl-2 family proteins and activation of PARP. In addition, verteporfin exhibited an inhibitory effect on angiogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry via suppressing Ang2, MMP2, VE-cadherin, and α-SMA expression in vitro and in vivo. Mechanism studies demonstrated that verteporfin impaired YAP and TEAD interaction to suppress the expression of targeted genes. Our results provide a foundation for repurposing verteporfin as a promising anti-tumor drug in the treatment of pancreatic cancer by targeting the Hippo pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglong Wei
- Department of General SurgeryQianfoshan HospitalShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Fuhai Wang
- Department of General SurgeryQianfoshan HospitalShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of General SurgeryQianfoshan HospitalShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Tao Li
- Department of General SurgeryQianfoshan HospitalShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Peng Xiu
- Department of General SurgeryQianfoshan HospitalShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Jingtao Zhong
- Department of General SurgeryQianfoshan HospitalShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Xueying Sun
- Department of Molecular Medicine and PathologyFaculty of Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Jie Li
- Department of General SurgeryQianfoshan HospitalShandong UniversityJinanChina
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Swidnicka-Siergiejko AK, Gomez-Chou SB, Cruz-Monserrate Z, Deng D, Liu Y, Huang H, Ji B, Azizian N, Daniluk J, Lu W, Wang H, Maitra A, Logsdon CD. Chronic inflammation initiates multiple forms of K-Ras-independent mouse pancreatic cancer in the absence of TP53. Oncogene 2016; 36:3149-3158. [PMID: 27991926 PMCID: PMC5467016 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation (CI) is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer (PC) including the most common type, ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), but its role and the mechanisms involved are unclear. To investigate the role of CI in PC, we generated genetic mouse models with pancreatic specific CI in the presence or absence of TP53. Mice were engineered to express either cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) or IκB kinase-2 (IKK2), and TP53+/+ or TP53f/f specifically in adult pancreatic acinar cells by using a full-length pancreatic elastase promoter-driven Cre. Animals were followed for >80 weeks and pancreatic lesions were evaluated histologically and immunohistochemically. The presence of K-ras mutations was assessed by direct sequencing, locked nuclei acid (LNA)-based PCR, and immunohistochemistry. We observed that sustained COX-2/IKK2 expression caused histological abnormalities of pancreas, including increased immune cell infiltration, proliferation rate and DNA damage. A minority of animals with CI developed pre-neoplastic lesions, but cancer was not observed in any TP53+/+ animals within 84 weeks. In contrast, all animals with CI-lacking TP53 developed various subtypes of PC, including acinar cell carcinoma, ductal adenocarcinoma, sarcomatoid carcinoma and neuroendocrine tumors, and all died within 65 weeks. No evidence of K-ras mutations was observed. Variations in the activity of the Hippo, pERK and c-Myc pathways were found in the diverse cancer subtypes. In summary, chronic inflammation is extremely inefficient at inducing PC in the presence of TP53. However, in the absence of TP53, CI leads to the development of several rare K-ras-independent forms of PC, with infrequent PDAC. This may help explain the rarity of PDAC in persons with chronic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Swidnicka-Siergiejko
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - S B Gomez-Chou
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Z Cruz-Monserrate
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - D Deng
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - H Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - B Ji
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - N Azizian
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Daniluk
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - W Lu
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - H Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A Maitra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - C D Logsdon
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of GI Medical Oncology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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71
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Birtolo C, Pham H, Morvaridi S, Chheda C, Go VLW, Ptasznik A, Edderkaoui M, Weisman MH, Noss E, Brenner MB, Larson B, Guindi M, Wang Q, Pandol SJ. Cadherin-11 Is a Cell Surface Marker Up-Regulated in Activated Pancreatic Stellate Cells and Is Involved in Pancreatic Cancer Cell Migration. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 187:146-155. [PMID: 27855278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis is a prominent risk factor for the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. In both conditions, the activation of myofibroblast-like pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) plays a predominant role in the formation of desmoplastic reaction through the synthesis of connective tissue and extracellular matrix, inducing local pancreatic fibrosis and an inflammatory response. Yet the signaling events involved in chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer progression and metastasis remain poorly defined. Cadherin-11 (Cad-11, also known as OB cadherin or CDH11) is a cell-to-cell adhesion molecule implicated in many biological functions, including tissue morphogenesis and architecture, extracellular matrix-mediated tissue remodeling, cytoskeletal organization, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and cellular migration. In this study, we show that, in human chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer tissues, Cad-11 expression was significantly increased in PSCs and pancreatic cancer cells. In particular, an increased expression of Cad-11 can be detected on the plasma membrane of activated PSCs isolated from chronic pancreatitis tissues and in pancreatic cancer cells metastasized to the liver. Moreover, knockdown of Cad-11 in cancer cells reduced pancreatic cancer cell migration. Taken together, our data underline the potential role of Cad-11 in PSC activation and pancreatic cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Birtolo
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Internal Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Hung Pham
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Susan Morvaridi
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chintan Chheda
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Vay Liang W Go
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andrzej Ptasznik
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mouad Edderkaoui
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael H Weisman
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Erika Noss
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael B Brenner
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brent Larson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Maha Guindi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Stephen J Pandol
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, California.
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72
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Grant TJ, Hua K, Singh A. Molecular Pathogenesis of Pancreatic Cancer. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2016; 144:241-275. [PMID: 27865459 PMCID: PMC6260831 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancers arise predominantly from ductal epithelial cells of the exocrine pancreas and are of the ductal adenocarcinoma histological subtype (PDAC). PDAC is an aggressive disease associated with a poor clinical prognosis, weakly effective therapeutic options, and a lack of early detection methods. Furthermore, the genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of PDAC complicates efforts to identify universally efficacious therapies. PDACs commonly harbor activating mutations in the KRAS oncogene, which is a potent driver of tumor initiation and maintenance. Inactivating mutations in tumor suppressor genes such as CDKN2A/p16, TP53, and SMAD4 cooperate with KRAS mutations to cause aggressive PDAC tumor growth. PDAC can be classified into 3-4 molecular subtypes by global gene expression profiling. These subtypes can be distinguished by distinct molecular and phenotypic characteristics. This chapter will provide an overview of the current knowledge of PDAC pathogenesis at the genetic and molecular level as well as novel therapeutic opportunities to treat this highly aggressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Grant
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - K Hua
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - A Singh
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.
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73
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Jiang Z, Chen X, Chen K, Sun L, Gao L, Zhou C, Lei M, Duan W, Wang Z, Ma Q, Ma J. YAP Inhibition by Resveratrol via Activation of AMPK Enhances the Sensitivity of Pancreatic Cancer Cells to Gemcitabine. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8100546. [PMID: 27669292 PMCID: PMC5083973 DOI: 10.3390/nu8100546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol present in most plants, inhibits the growth of numerous cancers both in vitro and in vivo. Aberrant expression of YAP has been reported to activate multiple growth-regulatory pathways and confer anti-apoptotic abilities to many cancer cells. However, the role of resveratrol in YES-activated protein (YAP) expression and that of YAP in pancreatic cancer cells’ response to gemcitabine resistance remain elusive. In this study, we found that resveratrol suppressed the proliferation and cloning ability and induced the apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. These multiple biological effects might result from the activation of AMP-activation protein kinase (AMPK) (Thr172) and, thus, the induction of YAP cytoplasmic retention, Ser127 phosphorylation, and the inhibition of YAP transcriptional activity by resveratrol. YAP silencing by siRNA or resveratrol enhanced the sensitivity of gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer cells. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that resveratrol could increase the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine by inhibiting YAP expression. More importantly, our work reveals that resveratrol is a potential anticancer agent for the treatment of pancreatic cancer, and YAP may serve as a promising target for sensitizing pancreatic cancer cells to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengdong Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Liankang Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Luping Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Cancan Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Meng Lei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Wanxing Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Qingyong Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Jiguang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
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74
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Means
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - Craig D Logsdon
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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75
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Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of Yes-associated protein expression in hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:13499-13508. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5211-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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76
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Zanconato F, Cordenonsi M, Piccolo S. YAP/TAZ at the Roots of Cancer. Cancer Cell 2016; 29:783-803. [PMID: 27300434 PMCID: PMC6186419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1298] [Impact Index Per Article: 162.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
YAP and TAZ are highly related transcriptional regulators pervasively activated in human malignancies. Recent work indicates that, remarkably, YAP/TAZ are essential for cancer initiation or growth of most solid tumors. Their activation induces cancer stem cell attributes, proliferation, chemoresistance, and metastasis. YAP/TAZ are sensors of the structural and mechanical features of the cell microenvironment. A number of cancer-associated extrinsic and intrinsic cues conspire to overrule the YAP-inhibiting microenvironment of normal tissues, including changes in mechanotransduction, inflammation, oncogenic signaling, and regulation of the Hippo pathway. Addiction to YAP/TAZ thus potentially represents a central cancer vulnerability that may be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Zanconato
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, viale Colombo 3, 35126 Padua, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Cordenonsi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, viale Colombo 3, 35126 Padua, Italy.
| | - Stefano Piccolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, viale Colombo 3, 35126 Padua, Italy.
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