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De Silva S, Alli-Shaik A, Gunaratne J. FlexStat: combinatory differentially expressed protein extraction. Bioinform Adv 2024; 4:vbae056. [PMID: 38681522 PMCID: PMC11055397 DOI: 10.1093/bioadv/vbae056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Motivation Mass spectrometry-based system proteomics allows identification of dysregulated protein hubs and associated disease-related features. Obtaining differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) is the most important step of downstream bioinformatics analysis. However, the extraction of statistically significant DEPs from datasets with multiple experimental conditions or disease types through currently available tools remains a laborious task. More often such an analysis requires considerable bioinformatics expertise, making it inaccessible to researchers with limited computational analytics experience. Results To uncover the differences among the many conditions within the data in a user-friendly manner, here we introduce FlexStat, a web-based interface that extracts DEPs through combinatory analysis. This tool accepts a protein expression matrix as input and systematically generates DEP results for every conceivable combination of various experimental conditions or disease types. FlexStat includes a suite of robust statistical tools for data preprocessing, in addition to DEP extraction, and publication-ready visualization, which are built on established R scientific libraries in an automated manner. This analytics suite was validated in diverse public proteomic datasets to showcase its high performance of rapid and simultaneous pairwise comparisons of comprehensive datasets. Availability and implementation FlexStat is implemented in R and is freely available at https://jglab.shinyapps.io/flexstatv1-pipeline-only/. The source code is accessible at https://github.com/kts-desilva/FlexStat/tree/main.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senuri De Silva
- Translational Biomedical Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117594, Singapore
| | - Asfa Alli-Shaik
- Translational Biomedical Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Translational Biomedical Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117594, Singapore
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2
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Vankadara S, Ke Z, Wang S, Foo SY, Gunaratne J, Lee MA, Koh X, Chia CSB. Cytotoxic activity and cell specificity of a novel LHRH peptide drug conjugate, D-Cys6-LHRH vedotin, against ovarian cancer cell lines. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14516. [PMID: 38618710 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most deadly female gynaecological malignancy in developed countries and new treatments are urgently needed. The luteinising hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) peptide drug conjugate Zoptarelin doxorubicin is one such potential new drug modality that entered clinical trials for treating LHRH receptor-positive gynaecological cancers. However, development stopped after disappointing Phase 3 results in 2017. We believe the lack of efficacy was due to linker instability and payload potency. In this work, we replaced its linker-toxin with vedotin (MC-VC-PABC-MMAE), yielding the novel peptide drug conjugate D-Cys6-LHRH vedotin. A GI50 and cell specificity comparison against cancerous and non-cancerous ovarian cell lines showed significantly superior bioactivity and selectivity over Zoptarelin doxorubicin (GI50 4 vs. 453 nM) and other chemotherapeutic drugs used for treating ovarian cancers. Our results suggest D-Cys6-LHRH vedotin can potentially be used as a treatment for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanyam Vankadara
- Experimental Drug Development Centre (EDDC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Zhiyuan Ke
- Experimental Drug Development Centre (EDDC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Sifang Wang
- Experimental Drug Development Centre (EDDC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Sin Yun Foo
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 4 Medical Drive, MD10, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - May Ann Lee
- Experimental Drug Development Centre (EDDC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xiaoying Koh
- Experimental Drug Development Centre (EDDC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - C S Brian Chia
- Experimental Drug Development Centre (EDDC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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3
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Ong JWJ, Tan KS, Lee JJX, Seet JE, Choi HW, Ler SG, Gunaratne J, Narasaraju T, Sham LT, Patzel V, Chow VT. Differential effects of microRNAs miR-21, miR-99 and miR-145 on lung regeneration and inflammation during recovery from influenza pneumonia. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29286. [PMID: 38087452 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
In a mouse model of influenza pneumonia, we previously documented that proliferating alveolar type II (AT2) cells are the major stem cells involved in early lung recovery. Profiling of microRNAs revealed significant dysregulation of specific ones, including miR-21 and miR-99a. Moreover, miR-145 is known to exhibit antagonism to miR-21. This follow-up study investigated the roles of microRNAs miR-21, miR-99a, and miR-145 in the murine pulmonary regenerative process and inflammation during influenza pneumonia. Inhibition of miR-21 resulted in severe morbidity, and in significantly decreased proliferating AT2 cells due to impaired transition from innate to adaptive immune responses. Knockdown of miR-99a culminated in moderate morbidity, with a significant increase in proliferating AT2 cells that may be linked to PTEN downregulation. In contrast, miR-145 antagonism did not impact morbidity nor the proliferating AT2 cell population, and was associated with downregulation of TNF-alpha, IL1-beta, YM1, and LY6G. Hence, a complex interplay exists between expression of specific miRNAs, lung regeneration, and inflammation during recovery from influenza pneumonia. Inhibition of miR-21 and miR-99a (but not miR-145) can lead to deleterious cellular and molecular effects on pulmonary repair and inflammatory processes during influenza pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Wee Jian Ong
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kai Sen Tan
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Ju Ee Seet
- Department of Pathology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hyung Won Choi
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Teluguakula Narasaraju
- Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Adichunchanagiri University, Karnataka, India
| | - Lok-To Sham
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Volker Patzel
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vincent T Chow
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Tan YW, Teo FMS, Ler SG, Alli-Shaik A, Nyo M, Chong CY, Tan NWH, Wang RYL, Gunaratne J, Chu JJH. Potential relevance of salivary legumain for the clinical diagnostic of hand, foot, and mouth disease. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29243. [PMID: 38009231 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
The fight against hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) remains an arduous challenge without existing point-of-care (POC) diagnostic platforms for accurate diagnosis and prompt case quarantine. Hence, the purpose of this salivary biomarker discovery study is to set the fundamentals for the realization of POC diagnostics for HFMD. Whole salivary proteome profiling was performed on the saliva obtained from children with HFMD and healthy children, using a reductive dimethylation chemical labeling method coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics technology. We identified 19 upregulated (fold change = 1.5-5.8) and 51 downregulated proteins (fold change = 0.1-0.6) in the saliva samples of HFMD patients in comparison to that of healthy volunteers. Four upregulated protein candidates were selected for dot blot-based validation assay, based on novelty as biomarkers and exclusions in oral diseases and cancers. Salivary legumain was validated in the Singapore (n = 43 healthy, 28 HFMD cases) and Taiwan (n = 60 healthy, 47 HFMD cases) cohorts with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.7583 and 0.8028, respectively. This study demonstrates the feasibility of a broad-spectrum HFMD POC diagnostic test based on legumain, a virus-specific host systemic signature, in saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wah Tan
- Collaborative and Translation Unit for Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD), Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fiona Mei Shan Teo
- Collaborative and Translation Unit for Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD), Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siok Ghee Ler
- Translational Biomedical Proteomics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Asfa Alli-Shaik
- Translational Biomedical Proteomics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Min Nyo
- Infectious Disease Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chia Yin Chong
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Natalie Woon Hui Tan
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Robert Y L Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Kidney Research Center and Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial and Children's Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Translational Biomedical Proteomics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Justin Jang Hann Chu
- Collaborative and Translation Unit for Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD), Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Infectious Disease Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Arumugam TV, Alli-Shaik A, Liehn EA, Selvaraji S, Poh L, Rajeev V, Cho Y, Cho Y, Kim J, Kim J, Swa HLF, Hao DTZ, Rattanasopa C, Fann DYW, Mayan DC, Ng GYQ, Baik SH, Mallilankaraman K, Gelderblom M, Drummond GR, Sobey CG, Kennedy BK, Singaraja RR, Mattson MP, Jo DG, Gunaratne J. Multiomics analyses reveal dynamic bioenergetic pathways and functional remodeling of the heart during intermittent fasting. eLife 2023; 12:RP89214. [PMID: 37769126 PMCID: PMC10538958 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) has been shown to reduce cardiovascular risk factors in both animals and humans, and can protect the heart against ischemic injury in models of myocardial infarction. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms behind these effects remain unclear. To shed light on the molecular and cellular adaptations of the heart to IF, we conducted comprehensive system-wide analyses of the proteome, phosphoproteome, and transcriptome, followed by functional analysis. Using advanced mass spectrometry, we profiled the proteome and phosphoproteome of heart tissues obtained from mice that were maintained on daily 12- or 16 hr fasting, every-other-day fasting, or ad libitum control feeding regimens for 6 months. We also performed RNA sequencing to evaluate whether the observed molecular responses to IF occur at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional levels. Our analyses revealed that IF significantly affected pathways that regulate cyclic GMP signaling, lipid and amino acid metabolism, cell adhesion, cell death, and inflammation. Furthermore, we found that the impact of IF on different metabolic processes varied depending on the length of the fasting regimen. Short IF regimens showed a higher correlation of pathway alteration, while longer IF regimens had an inverse correlation of metabolic processes such as fatty acid oxidation and immune processes. Additionally, functional echocardiographic analyses demonstrated that IF enhances stress-induced cardiac performance. Our systematic multi-omics study provides a molecular framework for understanding how IF impacts the heart's function and its vulnerability to injury and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiruma V Arumugam
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonRepublic of Korea
| | - Asfa Alli-Shaik
- Translational Biomedical Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and ResearchSingaporeSingapore
| | - Elisa A Liehn
- National Heart Research Institute, National Heart Centre SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- National Institute of Pathology "Victor Babes"BucharestRomania
| | - Sharmelee Selvaraji
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Luting Poh
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Vismitha Rajeev
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Yoonsuk Cho
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonRepublic of Korea
| | - Yongeun Cho
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonRepublic of Korea
| | - Jongho Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonRepublic of Korea
| | - Joonki Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and TechnologyGangneungRepublic of Korea
| | - Hannah LF Swa
- Translational Biomedical Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and ResearchSingaporeSingapore
| | - David Tan Zhi Hao
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Chutima Rattanasopa
- Translational Laboratories in Genetic Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology and ResearchSingaporeSingapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - David Yang-Wei Fann
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - David Castano Mayan
- Translational Laboratories in Genetic Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology and ResearchSingaporeSingapore
| | - Gavin Yong-Quan Ng
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Sang-Ha Baik
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Karthik Mallilankaraman
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Mathias Gelderblom
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Grant R Drummond
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Christopher G Sobey
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Brian K Kennedy
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Roshni R Singaraja
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonRepublic of Korea
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Translational Biomedical Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and ResearchSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
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Li D, Neo SP, Gunaratne J, Sabapathy K. EPLIN-β is a novel substrate of ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 1 and mediates cellular migration. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260427. [PMID: 37325974 PMCID: PMC10281260 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyamines promote cellular proliferation. Their levels are controlled by ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 1 (Az1, encoded by OAZ1), through the proteasome-mediated, ubiquitin-independent degradation of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the rate-limiting enzyme of polyamine biosynthesis. Az1-mediated degradation of other substrates such as cyclin D1 (CCND1), DNp73 (TP73) or Mps1 regulates cell growth and centrosome amplification, and the currently known six Az1 substrates are all linked with tumorigenesis. To understand whether Az1-mediated protein degradation might play a role in regulating other cellular processes associated with tumorigenesis, we employed quantitative proteomics to identify novel Az1 substrates. Here, we describe the identification of LIM domain and actin-binding protein 1 (LIMA1), also known as epithelial protein lost in neoplasm (EPLIN), as a new Az1 target. Interestingly, between the two EPLIN isoforms (α and β), only EPLIN-β is a substrate of Az1. The interaction between EPLIN-β and Az1 appears to be indirect, and EPLIN-β is degraded by Az1 in a ubiquitination-independent manner. Az1 absence leads to elevated EPLIN-β levels, causing enhanced cellular migration. Consistently, higher LIMA1 levels correlate with poorer overall survival of colorectal cancer patients. Overall, this study identifies EPLIN-β as a novel Az1 substrate regulating cellular migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 168583, Singapore
| | - Suat Peng Neo
- Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117594, Singapore
| | - Kanaga Sabapathy
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 168583, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
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Ludi Z, Sule AA, Samy RP, Putera I, Schrijver B, Hutchinson PE, Gunaratne J, Verma I, Singhal A, Nora RLD, van Hagen PM, Dik WA, Gupta V, Agrawal R. Diagnosis and biomarkers for ocular tuberculosis: From the present into the future. Theranostics 2023; 13:2088-2113. [PMID: 37153734 PMCID: PMC10157737 DOI: 10.7150/thno.81488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is an airborne disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and can manifest both pulmonary and extrapulmonary disease, including ocular tuberculosis (OTB). Accurate diagnosis and swift optimal treatment initiation for OTB is faced by many challenges combined with the lack of standardized treatment regimens this results in uncertain OTB outcomes. The purpose of this study is to summarize existing diagnostic approaches and recently discovered biomarkers that may contribute to establishing OTB diagnosis, choice of anti-tubercular therapy (ATT) regimen, and treatment monitoring. The keywords ocular tuberculosis, tuberculosis, Mycobacterium, biomarkers, molecular diagnosis, multi-omics, proteomics, genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, T-lymphocytes profiling were searched on PubMed and MEDLINE databases. Articles and books published with at least one of the keywords were included and screened for relevance. There was no time limit for study inclusion. More emphasis was placed on recent publications that contributed new information about the pathogenesis, diagnosis, or treatment of OTB. We excluded abstracts and articles that were not written in the English language. References cited within the identified articles were used to further supplement the search. We found 10 studies evaluating the sensitivity and specificity of interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA), and 6 studies evaluating that of tuberculin skin test (TST) in OTB patients. IGRA (Sp = 71-100%, Se = 36-100%) achieves overall better sensitivity and specificity than TST (Sp = 51.1-85.7%; Se = 70.9-98.5%). For nuclear acid amplification tests (NAAT), we found 7 studies on uniplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with different Mtb targets, 7 studies on DNA-based multiplex PCR, 1 study on mRNA-based multiplex PCR, 4 studies on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay with different Mtb targets, 3 studies on GeneXpert assay, 1 study on GeneXpert Ultra assay and 1 study for MTBDRplus assay for OTB. Specificity is overall improved but sensitivity is highly variable for NAATs (excluding uniplex PCR, Sp = 50-100%; Se = 10.5-98%) as compared to IGRA. We also found 3 transcriptomic studies, 6 proteomic studies, 2 studies on stimulation assays, 1 study on intraocular protein analysis and 1 study on T-lymphocyte profiling in OTB patients. All except 1 study evaluated novel, previously undiscovered biomarkers. Only 1 study has been externally validated by a large independent cohort. Future theranostic marker discovery by a multi-omics approach is essential to deepen pathophysiological understanding of OTB. Combined these might result in swift, optimal and personalized treatment regimens to modulate the heterogeneous mechanisms of OTB. Eventually, these studies could improve the current cumbersome diagnosis and management of OTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Ludi
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ashita Ashish Sule
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ramar Perumal Samy
- National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ikhwanuliman Putera
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia - CiptoMangunkusmoKirana Eye Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, ErasmusMC, UniversityMedical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Schrijver
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, ErasmusMC, UniversityMedical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Edward Hutchinson
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Indu Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amit Singhal
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University of Singapore, Singapore
- A*SATR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rina La Distia Nora
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia - CiptoMangunkusmoKirana Eye Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, ErasmusMC, UniversityMedical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- University of Indonesia Hospital (RSUI), Depok, West Java, Indonesia
| | - P. Martin van Hagen
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, ErasmusMC, UniversityMedical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem A Dik
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, ErasmusMC, UniversityMedical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vishali Gupta
- Advanced Eye Centre, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Rupesh Agrawal
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University of Singapore, Singapore
- National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- ✉ Corresponding author: A/Prof (Dr) Rupesh Agrawal, Senior Consultant, National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433,
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8
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Zeng G, Neo SP, Pang LM, Gao J, Chong SC, Gunaratne J, Wang Y. Comprehensive Interactome Analysis for the Sole Adenylyl Cyclase Cyr1 of Candida albicans. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0393422. [PMID: 36314909 PMCID: PMC9769623 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03934-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyr1, the sole adenylyl cyclase of the fungal pathogen Candida albicans, is a central component of the cAMP/protein kinase A signaling pathway that controls the yeast-to-hypha transition. Cyr1 is a multivalent sensor and integrator of various external and internal signals. To better understand how these signals are relayed to Cyr1 to regulate its activity, we sought to establish the interactome of Cyr1 by using stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC)-based quantitative proteomics to identify the proteins that coimmunoprecipitated with Cyr1. The method identified 36 proteins as candidates for authentic Cyr1-interacting partners, together with two known Cyr1-binding proteins, Cap1 and Act1. Fourteen identified proteins belonged to three functional groups, including actin regulation, cell wall components, and mitochondrial activities, that are known to play important roles in cell morphogenesis. To validate the proteomics data, we used biochemical and genetic methods to characterize two cell wall-related proteins, Mp65 and Sln1. First, coimmunoprecipitation confirmed their physical association with Cyr1. Second, deleting either MP65 or SLN1 resulted in severe defects in filamentation on serum plates. This study establishes the first Cyr1 interactome and uncovers a potential role for cell wall proteins in directly regulating Cyr1 activity to determine growth forms in C. albicans. IMPORTANCE A critical virulence trait of the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans is its ability to undergo the yeast-to-hypha transition in response to diverse environmental and cellular stimuli. Previous studies suggested that the sole adenylyl cyclase of C. albicans, Cyr1, is a multivalent signal sensor and integrator synthesizing cAMP to activate the downstream hypha-promoting events through the cAMP/protein kinase A pathway. To fully understand how Cyr1 senses and processes multiple stimuli to generate appropriate signal outputs, it was necessary to identify and characterize Cyr1-interacting partners. This study employed SILAC-based quantitative proteomic approaches and identified 36 Cyr1-associated proteins, many having functions associated with hyphal morphogenesis. Coimmunoprecipitation verified two cell surface proteins, Mp65 and Sln1. Furthermore, genetic and phenotypic analyses demonstrated the cAMP-dependent roles of these two proteins in determining hyphal growth. Our study establishes the first Cyr1 interactome and uncovers new Cyr1 regulators that mediate cell surface signals to influence the growth mode of C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suat Peng Neo
- Quantitative Proteomics Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Quantitative Proteomics Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yue Wang
- Infectious Diseases Labs, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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9
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Atherton P, Konstantinou R, Neo SP, Wang E, Balloi E, Ptushkina M, Bennett H, Clark K, Gunaratne J, Critchley D, Barsukov I, Manser E, Ballestrem C. Tensin3 interaction with talin drives the formation of fibronectin-associated fibrillar adhesions. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2022; 221:213452. [PMID: 36074065 PMCID: PMC9462884 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202107022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of healthy tissue involves continuous remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Whilst it is known that this requires integrin-associated cell-ECM adhesion sites (CMAs) and actomyosin-mediated forces, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we examine how tensin3 contributes to the formation of fibrillar adhesions (FBs) and fibronectin fibrillogenesis. Using BioID mass spectrometry and a mitochondrial targeting assay, we establish that tensin3 associates with the mechanosensors such as talin and vinculin. We show that the talin R11 rod domain binds directly to a helical motif within the central intrinsically disordered region (IDR) of tensin3, whilst vinculin binds indirectly to tensin3 via talin. Using CRISPR knock-out cells in combination with defined tensin3 mutations, we show (i) that tensin3 is critical for the formation of α5β1-integrin FBs and for fibronectin fibrillogenesis, and (ii) the talin/tensin3 interaction drives this process, with vinculin acting to potentiate it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Atherton
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rafaella Konstantinou
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,sGSK Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Suat Peng Neo
- Quantitative Proteomics Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Emily Wang
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Eleonora Balloi
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Marina Ptushkina
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Hayley Bennett
- Genome Editing Unit, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kath Clark
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Quantitative Proteomics Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Critchley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Igor Barsukov
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Edward Manser
- sGSK Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christoph Ballestrem
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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10
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Neo SP, Alli-Shaik A, Wee S, Lim Z, Gunaratne J. Englerin A Rewires Phosphosignaling via Hsp27 Hyperphosphorylation to Induce Cytotoxicity in Renal Cancer Cells. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:1948-1960. [PMID: 35838755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Englerin A (EA) is a small-molecule natural product with selective cytotoxicity against renal cancer cells. EA has been shown to induce apoptosis and cell death through cell-cycle arrest and/or insulin signaling pathways. However, its biological mode of action or targets in renal cancer remains enigmatic. In this study, we employed advanced mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics approaches to identify EA's functional roles in renal cancer. We identified 10,940 phosphorylation sites, of which 706 sites exhibited EA-dependent phosphorylation changes. Integrated analysis of motifs and interaction networks suggested activation of stress-activated kinases including p38 upon EA treatment. Of note, a downstream target of p38, Hsp27, was found to be hyperphosphorylated on multiple sites upon EA treatment. Among these, a novel site Ser65 on Hsp27, which was further validated by targeted proteomics, was shown to be crucial for EA-induced cytotoxicity in renal cancer cells. Taken together, these data reveal the complex signaling cascade that is induced upon EA treatment and importantly provide insights into its effects on downstream molecular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suat Peng Neo
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Asfa Alli-Shaik
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Sheena Wee
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Zijie Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Dr, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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11
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Ng GYQ, Sheng DPLK, Bae HG, Kang SW, Fann DYW, Park J, Kim J, Alli-Shaik A, Lee J, Kim E, Park S, Han JW, Karamyan V, Okun E, Dheen T, Hande MP, Vemuganti R, Mallilankaraman K, Lim LHK, Kennedy BK, Drummond GR, Sobey CG, Gunaratne J, Mattson MP, Foo RSY, Jo DG, Arumugam TV. Integrative epigenomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal metabolic switching by intermittent fasting in brain. GeroScience 2022; 44:2171-2194. [PMID: 35357643 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00537-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) remains the most effective intervention to achieve robust anti-aging effects and attenuation of age-related diseases in various species. Epigenetic modifications mediate the biological effects of several environmental factors on gene expression; however, no information is available on the effects of IF on the epigenome. Here, we first found that IF for 3 months caused modulation of H3K9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) in the cerebellum, which in turn orchestrated a plethora of transcriptomic changes involved in robust metabolic switching processes commonly observed during IF. Second, a portion of both the epigenomic and transcriptomic modulations induced by IF was remarkably preserved for at least 3 months post-IF refeeding, indicating that memory of IF-induced epigenetic changes was maintained. Notably, though, we found that termination of IF resulted in a loss of H3K9me3 regulation of the transcriptome. Collectively, our study characterizes the novel effects of IF on the epigenetic-transcriptomic axis, which controls myriad metabolic processes. The comprehensive analyses undertaken in this study reveal a molecular framework for understanding how IF impacts the metabolo-epigenetic axis of the brain and will serve as a valuable resource for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Yong-Quan Ng
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Han-Gyu Bae
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Wook Kang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Yang-Wei Fann
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jinsu Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonki Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Asfa Alli-Shaik
- Translational Biomedical Proteomics Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeongmi Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunae Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyoung Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeung-Whan Han
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Vardan Karamyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Eitan Okun
- The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-IIan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Thameem Dheen
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Manoor Prakash Hande
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Raghu Vemuganti
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Karthik Mallilankaraman
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lina H K Lim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Brian K Kennedy
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Buck Institute for Research On Aging, Novato, USA
| | - Grant R Drummond
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher G Sobey
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Translational Biomedical Proteomics Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roger Sik-Yin Foo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Centre for Translational Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health Systems, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Thiruma V Arumugam
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea. .,Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
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12
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Chu Yuan Kee MJ, Bharath SR, Wee S, Bowler MW, Gunaratne J, Pan S, Zhang L, Song H. Structural insights into the substrate-bound condensation domains of non-ribosomal peptide synthetase AmbB. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5353. [PMID: 35354859 PMCID: PMC8968710 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09188-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractNon-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) are multi-modular/domain enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of bioactive peptides. A crucial step in the process is peptide elongation accomplished by the condensation (C) domain with the aid of a peptidyl carrier or thiolation (T) domain. Here, we examined condensation reaction carried out by NRPS AmbB involved in biosynthesis of l-2-amino-4-methoxy-trans-3-butenoic acid (AMB) in P. aeruginosa. We determined crystal structures of the truncated T–C bidomain of AmbB in three forms, the apo enzyme with disordered T domain, the holo form with serine linked phosphopantetheine (Ppant) and a holo form with substrate (l-alanine) loaded onto Ppant. The two holo forms feature the T domain in a substrate-donation conformation. Mutagenesis combined with functional assays identified residues essential for the attachment of Ppant, anchoring the Ppant-l-Ala in the donor catalytic channel and the role of the conserved His953 in condensation activity. Altogether, these results provide structural insights into the condensation reaction at the donor site with a substrate-bound C domain of AmbB and lay the foundation for understanding the molecular mechanism of condensation which is crucial for AMB synthesis.
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13
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Alli-Shaik A, Qiu B, Lai SL, Cheung N, Tan G, Neo SP, Tan A, Cheung CMG, Hong W, Wong TY, Wang X, Gunaratne J. System-wide vitreous proteome dissection reveals impaired sheddase activity in diabetic retinopathy. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:6682-6704. [PMID: 36185601 PMCID: PMC9516227 DOI: 10.7150/thno.72947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major complication of diabetes mellitus causing significant vision loss. DR is a multifactorial disease involving changes in retinal microvasculature and neuronal layers, and aberrations in vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) and inflammatory pathways. Despite the success of anti-VEGF therapy, many DR patients do not respond well to the treatment, emphasizing the involvement of other molecular players in neuronal and vascular aberrations in DR. Methods: We employed advanced mass spectrometry-based proteome profiling to obtain a global snapshot of altered protein abundances in vitreous humor from patients with proliferative DR (PDR) in comparison to individuals with epiretinal membrane without active DR or other retinal vascular complications. Global proteome correlation map and protein-protein interaction networks were used to probe into the functional inclination of proteins and aberrated molecular networks in PDR vitreous. In addition, peptide-centric analysis of the proteome data was carried out to identify proteolytic processing, primarily ectodomain shedding events in PDR vitreous. Functional validation experiments were performed using preclinical models of ocular angiogenesis. Results: The vitreous proteome landscape revealed distinct dysregulations in several metabolic, signaling, and immune networks in PDR. Systematic analysis of altered proteins uncovered specific impairment in ectodomain shedding of several transmembrane proteins playing critical roles in neurodegeneration and angiogenesis, pointing to defects in their regulating sheddases, particularly ADAM10, which emerged as the predominant sheddase. We confirmed that ADAM10 protease activity was reduced in animal models of ocular angiogenesis and established that activation of ADAM10 can suppress endothelial cell activation and angiogenesis. Furthermore, we identified the impaired ADAM10-AXL axis as a driver of retinal angiogenesis. Conclusion: We demonstrate restoration of aberrant ectodomain shedding as an effective strategy for treating PDR and propose ADAM10 as an attractive therapeutic target. In all, our study uncovered impaired ectodomain shedding as a prominent feature of PDR, opening new possibilities for advancement in the DR therapeutic space.
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14
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Chia J, Wang SC, Wee S, Gill DJ, Tay F, Kannan S, Verma CS, Gunaratne J, Bard FA. Src activates retrograde membrane traffic through phosphorylation of GBF1. eLife 2021; 10:68678. [PMID: 34870592 PMCID: PMC8727025 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Src tyrosine kinase controls cancer-critical protein glycosylation through Golgi to ER relocation of GALNTs enzymes. How Src induces this trafficking event is unknown. Golgi to ER transport depends on the GTP exchange factor (GEF) GBF1 and small GTPase Arf1. Here, we show that Src induces the formation of tubular transport carriers containing GALNTs. The kinase phosphorylates GBF1 on 10 tyrosine residues; two of them, Y876 and Y898, are located near the C-terminus of the Sec7 GEF domain. Their phosphorylation promotes GBF1 binding to the GTPase; molecular modeling suggests partial melting of the Sec7 domain and intramolecular rearrangement. GBF1 mutants defective for these rearrangements prevent binding, carrier formation, and GALNTs relocation, while phosphomimetic GBF1 mutants induce tubules. In sum, Src promotes GALNTs relocation by promoting GBF1 binding to Arf1. Based on residue conservation, similar regulation of GEF-Arf complexes by tyrosine phosphorylation could be a conserved and widespread mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Chia
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shyi-Chyi Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sheena Wee
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Felicia Tay
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Chandra S Verma
- Bioinformatics Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Frederic A Bard
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
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15
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Liu Y, Castano D, Girolamo F, Trigueros-Motos L, Bae HG, Neo SP, Oh J, Narayanaswamy P, Torta F, Rye KA, Jo DG, Gunaratne J, Jung S, Virgintino D, Singaraja RR. Abca8b promotes myelination via regulation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 localization in oligodendrocyte precursor cells in mice. J Lipid Res 2021; 63:100147. [PMID: 34752805 PMCID: PMC8953628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The myelin sheath, which is wrapped around axons, is a lipid-enriched structure produced by mature oligodendrocytes. Disruption of the myelin sheath is observed in several neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis. A crucial component of myelin is sphingomyelin, levels of which can be increased by ABCA8, a member of the ATP-binding cassette transporter family. ABCA8 is highly expressed in the cerebellum, specifically in oligodendroglia. However, whether ABCA8 plays a role in myelination and mechanisms that would underlie this role remain unknown. Here, we found that the absence of Abca8b, a mouse ortholog of ABCA8, led to decreased numbers of cerebellar oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and mature oligodendrocytes in mice. We show that in oligodendrocytes, ABCA8 interacts with chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4), a molecule essential for OPC proliferation, migration, and myelination. In the absence of Abca8b, localization of CSPG4 to the plasma membrane was decreased, contributing to reduced cerebellar CSPG4 expression. Cerebellar CSPG4+ OPCs were also diminished, leading to decreased mature myelinating oligodendrocyte numbers and cerebellar myelination levels in Abca8b−/− mice. In addition, electron microscopy analyses showed that the number of nonmyelinated cerebellar axons was increased, whereas cerebellar myelin thickness (g-ratio), myelin sheath periodicity, and axonal diameter were all decreased, indicative of disordered myelin ultrastructure. In line with disrupted cerebellar myelination, Abca8b−/− mice showed lower cerebellar conduction velocity and disturbed locomotion. In summary, ABCA8 modulates cerebellar myelination, in part through functional regulation of the ABCA8-interacting protein CSPG4. Our findings suggest that ABCA8 disruption may contribute to the pathophysiology of myelin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Liu
- Translational Laboratories in Genetic Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - David Castano
- Translational Laboratories in Genetic Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Francesco Girolamo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, Human Anatomy and Histology Unit, University of Bari School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | - Laia Trigueros-Motos
- Translational Laboratories in Genetic Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Han-Gyu Bae
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Suat Peng Neo
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Jeongah Oh
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Department of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Institute and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
| | - Pradeep Narayanaswamy
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Department of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Institute and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
| | - Federico Torta
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Department of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Institute and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
| | - Kerry Anne Rye
- University of New South Wales, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Sangyong Jung
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Daniela Virgintino
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, Human Anatomy and Histology Unit, University of Bari School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | - Roshni R Singaraja
- Translational Laboratories in Genetic Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore.
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16
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Baskaran Y, Tay FPL, Ng EYW, Swa CLF, Wee S, Gunaratne J, Manser E. Proximity proteomics identifies PAK4 as a component of Afadin-Nectin junctions. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5315. [PMID: 34493720 PMCID: PMC8423818 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25011-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human PAK4 is an ubiquitously expressed p21-activated kinase which acts downstream of Cdc42. Since PAK4 is enriched in cell-cell junctions, we probed the local protein environment around the kinase with a view to understanding its location and substrates. We report that U2OS cells expressing PAK4-BirA-GFP identify a subset of 27 PAK4-proximal proteins that are primarily cell-cell junction components. Afadin/AF6 showed the highest relative biotin labelling and links to the nectin family of homophilic junctional proteins. Reciprocally >50% of the PAK4-proximal proteins were identified by Afadin BioID. Co-precipitation experiments failed to identify junctional proteins, emphasizing the advantage of the BioID method. Mechanistically PAK4 depended on Afadin for its junctional localization, which is similar to the situation in Drosophila. A highly ranked PAK4-proximal protein LZTS2 was immuno-localized with Afadin at cell-cell junctions. Though PAK4 and Cdc42 are junctional, BioID analysis did not yield conventional cadherins, indicating their spatial segregation. To identify cellular PAK4 substrates we then assessed rapid changes (12') in phospho-proteome after treatment with two PAK inhibitors. Among the PAK4-proximal junctional proteins seventeen PAK4 sites were identified. We anticipate mammalian group II PAKs are selective for the Afadin/nectin sub-compartment, with a demonstrably distinct localization from tight and cadherin junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohendran Baskaran
- sGSK Group, Institute of Molecular & Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Felicia Pei-Ling Tay
- FB Laboratory, Institute of Molecular & Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elsa Yuen Wai Ng
- sGSK Group, Institute of Molecular & Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Claire Lee Foon Swa
- Quantitative Proteomics Group, Institute of Molecular & Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sheena Wee
- Quantitative Proteomics Group, Institute of Molecular & Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Quantitative Proteomics Group, Institute of Molecular & Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edward Manser
- sGSK Group, Institute of Molecular & Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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17
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Tan HYA, Sim MFM, Tan SX, Ng Y, Gan SY, Li H, Neo SP, Gunaratne J, Xu F, Han W. HOXC10 Suppresses Browning to Maintain White Adipocyte Identity. Diabetes 2021; 70:1654-1663. [PMID: 33990396 PMCID: PMC8385616 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Promoting beige adipocyte development within white adipose tissue (WAT) is a potential therapeutic approach to staunch the current obesity epidemic. Previously, we identified homeobox-containing transcription factor HOXC10 as a suppressor of browning in subcutaneous WAT. Here, we provide evidence for the physiological role of HOXC10 in regulating WAT thermogenesis. Analysis of an adipose-specific HOXC10 knockout mouse line with no detectable HOXC10 in mature adipocytes revealed spontaneous subcutaneous WAT browning, increased expression of genes involved in browning, increased basal rectal temperature, enhanced cold tolerance, and improved glucose homeostasis. These phenotypes were further exacerbated by exposure to cold or a β-adrenergic stimulant. Mechanistically, cold and β-adrenergic exposure led to reduced HOXC10 protein level without affecting its mRNA level. Cold exposure induced cAMP-dependent protein kinase-dependent proteasome-mediated degradation of HOXC10 in cultured adipocytes, and shotgun proteomics approach identified KCTD2, 5, and 17 as potential E3 ligases regulating HOXC10 proteasomal degradation. Collectively, these data demonstrate that HOXC10 is a gatekeeper of WAT identity, and targeting HOXC10 could be a plausible therapeutic strategy to unlock WAT thermogenic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Angeline Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - M F Michelle Sim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Shi-Xiong Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Yvonne Ng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Sin Yee Gan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Hongyu Li
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Suat Peng Neo
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Feng Xu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Weiping Han
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
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18
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Shin EM, Huynh VT, Neja SA, Liu CY, Raju A, Tan K, Tan NS, Gunaratne J, Bi X, Iyer LM, Aravind L, Tergaonkar V. GREB1: An evolutionarily conserved protein with a glycosyltransferase domain links ERα glycosylation and stability to cancer. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/12/eabe2470. [PMID: 33731348 PMCID: PMC7968844 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe2470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
What covalent modifications control the temporal ubiquitination of ERα and hence the duration of its transcriptional activity remain poorly understood. We show that GREB1, an ERα-inducible enzyme, catalyzes O-GlcNAcylation of ERα at residues T553/S554, which stabilizes ERα protein by inhibiting association with the ubiquitin ligase ZNF598. Loss of GREB1-mediated glycosylation of ERα results in reduced cellular ERα levels and insensitivity to estrogen. Higher GREB1 expression in ERα+ve breast cancer is associated with greater survival in response to tamoxifen, an ERα agonist. Mice lacking Greb1 exhibit growth and fertility defects reminiscent of phenotypes in ERα-null mice. In summary, this study identifies GREB1, a protein with an evolutionarily conserved domain related to DNA-modifying glycosyltransferases of bacteriophages and kinetoplastids, as the first inducible and the only other (apart from OGT) O-GlcNAc glycosyltransferase in mammalian cytoplasm and ERα as its first substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Myoung Shin
- Laboratory of NFκB Signalling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Vinh Thang Huynh
- Laboratory of NFκB Signalling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sultan Abda Neja
- Laboratory of NFκB Signalling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Chia Yi Liu
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anandhkumar Raju
- Laboratory of NFκB Signalling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Kelly Tan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive,, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Laboratory of NFκB Signalling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117594, Singapore
| | - Xuezhi Bi
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Lakshminarayan M Iyer
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - L Aravind
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Laboratory of NFκB Signalling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore.
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117597, Singapore
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19
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Tan B, Peng S, Yatim SMJM, Gunaratne J, Hunziker W, Ludwig A. An Optimized Protocol for Proximity Biotinylation in Confluent Epithelial Cell Cultures Using the Peroxidase APEX2. STAR Protoc 2020; 1:100074. [PMID: 33111110 PMCID: PMC7580243 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2020.100074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The peroxidase APEX2 has been used widely for proximity biotinylation and subsequent proteomics analyses. However, the poor membrane permeability of the biotin phenol substrate and the inhibitory effect of peroxide on the enzyme’s activity has hampered proximity labeling in certain cell culture systems and tissues. Here, we describe an APEX2 protocol that uses alternative peroxide and biotin phenol concentrations. The protocol permits robust proximity biotinylation in confluent epithelial cell cultures and may be applicable to other cell cultures and tissues. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Tan et al. (2020). APEX2 permits proximity biotinylation in confluent cell cultures Biotin phenol and peroxide concentrations are critical Spatial controls are required to generate specific proximity proteomes
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Tan
- Epithelial Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore 117593, Singapore
| | - Suat Peng
- Quantitative Proteomics Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Siti Maryam J M Yatim
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.,NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Quantitative Proteomics Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore.,Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 4 Medical Drive, Singapore 117594, Singapore
| | - Walter Hunziker
- Epithelial Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore 117593, Singapore
| | - Alexander Ludwig
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.,NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore
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20
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Kosok M, Alli-Shaik A, Bay BH, Gunaratne J. Comprehensive Proteomic Characterization Reveals Subclass-Specific Molecular Aberrations within Triple-negative Breast Cancer. iScience 2020; 23:100868. [PMID: 32058975 PMCID: PMC7015993 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer lacking targeted therapies. This is attributed to its high heterogeneity that complicates elucidation of its molecular aberrations. Here, we report identification of specific proteome expression profiles pertaining to two TNBC subclasses, basal A and basal B, through in-depth proteomics analysis of breast cancer cells. We observed that kinases and proteases displayed unique expression patterns within the subclasses. Systematic analyses of protein-protein interaction and co-regulation networks of these kinases and proteases unraveled dysregulated pathways and plausible targets for each TNBC subclass. Among these, we identified kinases AXL, PEAK1, and TGFBR2 and proteases FAP, UCHL1, and MMP2/14 as specific targets for basal B subclass, which represents the more aggressive TNBC cell lines. Our study highlights intricate mechanisms and distinct targets within TNBC and emphasizes that these have to be exploited in a subclass-specific manner rather than a one-for-all TNBC therapy. Proteome profiling reveals functionally distinct subclasses within TNBC Kinases and proteases underlie unique functional signatures among the subclasses Kinase-protease-centric networks highlight subclass-specific molecular rewiring Protein association dysregulations reveal TNBC subclass-specific protein targets
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Kosok
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117594, Singapore
| | - Asfa Alli-Shaik
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Boon Huat Bay
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117594, Singapore
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117594, Singapore.
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21
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Khattar E, Maung KZY, Chew CL, Ghosh A, Mok MMH, Lee P, Zhang J, Chor WHJ, Cildir G, Wang CQ, Mohd-Ismail NK, Chin DWL, Lee SC, Yang H, Shin YJ, Nam DH, Chen L, Kumar AP, Deng LW, Ikawa M, Gunaratne J, Osato M, Tergaonkar V. Rap1 regulates hematopoietic stem cell survival and affects oncogenesis and response to chemotherapy. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5349. [PMID: 31836706 PMCID: PMC6911077 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13082-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased levels and non-telomeric roles have been reported for shelterin proteins, including RAP1 in cancers. Herein using Rap1 null mice, we provide the genetic evidence that mammalian Rap1 plays a major role in hematopoietic stem cell survival, oncogenesis and response to chemotherapy. Strikingly, this function of RAP1 is independent of its association with the telomere or with its known partner TRF2. We show that RAP1 interacts with many members of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway. RAP1 depleted cells show reduced interaction between XRCC4/DNA Ligase IV and DNA-PK, and are impaired in DNA Ligase IV recruitment to damaged chromatin for efficient repair. Consistent with its role in DNA damage repair, RAP1 loss decreases double-strand break repair via NHEJ in vivo, and consequently reduces B cell class switch recombination. Finally, we discover that RAP1 levels are predictive of the success of chemotherapy in breast and colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Khattar
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A-STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kyaw Ze Ya Maung
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A-STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chen Li Chew
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A-STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arkasubhra Ghosh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A-STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michelle Meng Huang Mok
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pei Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Wei Hong Jeff Chor
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A-STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gökhan Cildir
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A-STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chelsia Qiuxia Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A-STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nur Khairiah Mohd-Ismail
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A-STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Desmond Wai Loon Chin
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Soo Chin Lee
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Henry Yang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yong-Jae Shin
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyun Nam
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Liming Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lih Wen Deng
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A-STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Motomi Osato
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A-STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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22
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Bai B, Yang W, Fu Y, Foon HL, Tay WT, Yang K, Luo C, Gunaratne J, Lee P, Zile MR, Xu A, Chin CW, Lam CS, Han W, Wang Y. Seipin Knockout Mice Develop Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2019; 4:924-937. [PMID: 31909301 PMCID: PMC6939002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The lean diabetic patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in Asia suffer from adverse clinical outcomes and poor life quality. The suitable animal models are urgently needed for mechanistic study and therapeutic innovations. Our study reports that lipodystrophic mice with seipin depletion are lean, diabetic, and recapitulate major manifestations of clinical HFpEF, thereby clarifying that lean diabetes per se may produce HFpEF characteristics. We further demonstrate that increased cardiac titin phosphorylation and reactive interstitial fibrosis associated with neutrophil extracellular traps lead to left ventricular stiffness and suggest that both pathways may be potential therapeutic targets in Asian HFpEF patients.
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Key Words
- Ctrl, control (mice)
- EDPVR, end-diastolic pressure–volume relationship
- HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
- IQR, interquartile range
- LA, left atrial
- LV, left ventricular
- NET, neutrophil extracellular trap
- PEVK, proline, glutamate, valine, and lysine
- SKO, seipin knockout
- fibrosis
- heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
- neutrophil
- seipin
- titin
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Bai
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wulin Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yanyun Fu
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Hannah Lee Foon
- Translational Biomedical Proteomics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Wan Ting Tay
- National Heart Centre Singapore and Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kangmin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cuiting Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Translational Biomedical Proteomics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Philip Lee
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Michael R. Zile
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Calvin W.L. Chin
- National Heart Centre Singapore and Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carolyn S.P. Lam
- National Heart Centre Singapore and Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Weiping Han
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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23
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Ng GYQ, Kang SW, Kim J, Alli-Shaik A, Baik SH, Jo DG, Hande MP, Sobey CG, Gunaratne J, Fann DYW, Arumugam TV. Genome-Wide Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Intermittent Fasting-Induced Metabolic Rewiring in the Liver. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325819876780. [PMID: 31598117 PMCID: PMC6764061 DOI: 10.1177/1559325819876780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Scope: Intermittent fasting (IF) has been extensively reported to promote improved energy homeostasis and metabolic switching. While IF may be a plausible strategy to ameliorate the epidemiological burden of disease in many societies, our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms behind such effects is still lacking. The present study has sought to investigate the relationship between IF and changes in gene expression. We focused on the liver, which is highly sensitive to metabolic changes due to energy status. Mice were randomly assigned to ad libitum feeding or IF for 16 hours per day or for 24 hours on alternate days for 3 months, after which genome-wide transcriptome analysis of the liver was performed using RNA sequencing. Our findings revealed that IF caused robust transcriptomic changes in the liver that led to a complex array of metabolic changes. We also observed that the IF regimen produced distinct profiles of transcriptomic changes, highlighting the significance of temporally different periods of energy restriction. Our results suggest that IF can regulate metabolism via transcriptomic mechanisms and provide insight into how genetic interactions within the liver might lead to the numerous metabolic benefits of IF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Yong-Quan Ng
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sung-Wook Kang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joonki Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Natural Product Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Asfa Alli-Shaik
- Translational Biomedical Proteomics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sang-Ha Baik
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - M Prakash Hande
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher G Sobey
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Translational Biomedical Proteomics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Yang-Wei Fann
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thiruma V Arumugam
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Neurobiology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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24
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Mohd-Ismail NK, Lim Z, Gunaratne J, Tan YJ. Mapping the Interactions of HBV cccDNA with Host Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174276. [PMID: 31480501 PMCID: PMC6747236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major health problem affecting about 300 million people globally. Although successful administration of a prophylactic vaccine has reduced new infections, a cure for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is still unavailable. Current anti-HBV therapies slow down disease progression but are not curative as they cannot eliminate or permanently silence HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). The cccDNA minichromosome persists in the nuclei of infected hepatocytes where it forms the template for all viral transcription. Interactions between host factors and cccDNA are crucial for its formation, stability, and transcriptional activity. Here, we summarize the reported interactions between HBV cccDNA and various host factors and their implications on HBV replication. While the virus hijacks certain cellular processes to complete its life cycle, there are also host factors that restrict HBV infection. Therefore, we review both positive and negative regulation of HBV cccDNA by host factors and the use of small molecule drugs or sequence-specific nucleases to target these interactions or cccDNA directly. We also discuss several reporter-based surrogate systems that mimic cccDNA biology which can be used for drug library screening of cccDNA-targeting compounds as well as identification of cccDNA-related targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur K Mohd-Ismail
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System (NUHS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Zijie Lim
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System (NUHS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Yee-Joo Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System (NUHS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore.
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138673, Singapore.
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25
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Ong JWJ, Tan KS, Ler SG, Gunaratne J, Choi H, Seet JE, Chow VTK. Insights into Early Recovery from Influenza Pneumonia by Spatial and Temporal Quantification of Putative Lung Regenerating Cells and by Lung Proteomics. Cells 2019; 8:cells8090975. [PMID: 31455003 PMCID: PMC6769472 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
During influenza pneumonia, the alveolar epithelial cells of the lungs are targeted by the influenza virus. The distal airway stem cells (DASCs) and proliferating alveolar type II (AT2) cells are reported to be putative lung repair cells. However, their relative spatial and temporal distribution is still unknown during influenza-induced acute lung injury. Here, we investigated the distribution of these cells, and concurrently performed global proteomic analysis of the infected lungs to elucidate and link the cellular and molecular events during influenza pneumonia recovery. BALB/c mice were infected with a sub-lethal dose of influenza H1N1 virus. From 5 to 25 days post-infection (dpi), mouse lungs were subjected to histopathologic and immunofluorescence analysis to probe for global distribution of lung repair cells (using P63 and KRT5 markers for DASCs; SPC and PCNA markers for AT2 cells). At 7 and 15 dpi, infected mouse lungs were also subjected to protein mass spectrometry for relative protein quantification. DASCs appeared only in the damaged area of the lung from 7 dpi onwards, reaching a peak at 21 dpi, and persisted until 25 dpi. However, no differentiation of DASCs to AT2 cells was observed by 25 dpi. In contrast, AT2 cells began proliferating from 7 dpi to replenish their population, especially within the boundary area between damaged and undamaged areas of the infected lungs. Mass spectrometry and gene ontology analysis revealed prominent innate immune responses at 7 dpi, which shifted towards adaptive immune responses by 15 dpi. Hence, proliferating AT2 cells but not DASCs contribute to AT2 cell regeneration following transition from innate to adaptive immune responses during the early phase of recovery from influenza pneumonia up to 25 dpi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Wee Jian Ong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore
- Correspondence: (J.W.J.O.); (V.T.-K.C.); Tel.: +65-6516-3691 (J.W.J.O.)
| | - Kai Sen Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Siok Ghee Ler
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | | | - Hyungwon Choi
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore 138673, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Ju Ee Seet
- Department of Pathology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Vincent Tak-Kwong Chow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore
- Correspondence: (J.W.J.O.); (V.T.-K.C.); Tel.: +65-6516-3691 (J.W.J.O.)
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Palmer N, Talib SZA, Ratnacaram CK, Low D, Bisteau X, Lee JHS, Pfeiffenberger E, Wollmann H, Tan JHL, Wee S, Sobota R, Gunaratne J, Messerschmidt DM, Guccione E, Kaldis P. CDK2 regulates the NRF1/ Ehmt1 axis during meiotic prophase I. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:2896-2918. [PMID: 31350280 PMCID: PMC6719441 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201903125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmer et al. identify NRF1 as a novel CDK2 interactor and substrate. This interaction was found to be important for the DNA-binding activity of NRF1. Their findings demonstrate that the loss of CDK2 expression impairs the regulation of NRF1 transcriptional activity, leading to inappropriate transcription during meiotic division. Meiosis generates four genetically distinct haploid gametes over the course of two reductional cell divisions. Meiotic divisions are characterized by the coordinated deposition and removal of various epigenetic marks. Here we propose that nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) regulates transcription of euchromatic histone methyltransferase 1 (EHMT1) to ensure normal patterns of H3K9 methylation during meiotic prophase I. We demonstrate that cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK2) can bind to the promoters of a number of genes in male germ cells including that of Ehmt1 through interaction with the NRF1 transcription factor. Our data indicate that CDK2-mediated phosphorylation of NRF1 can occur at two distinct serine residues and negatively regulates NRF1 DNA binding activity in vitro. Furthermore, induced deletion of Cdk2 in spermatocytes results in increased expression of many NRF1 target genes including Ehmt1. We hypothesize that the regulation of NRF1 transcriptional activity by CDK2 may allow the modulation of Ehmt1 expression, therefore controlling the dynamic methylation of H3K9 during meiotic prophase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Palmer
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - S Zakiah A Talib
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | | | - Diana Low
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Xavier Bisteau
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Joanna Hui Si Lee
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | | | - Heike Wollmann
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Joel Heng Loong Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sheena Wee
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Radoslaw Sobota
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Daniel M Messerschmidt
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Ernesto Guccione
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore .,Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Philipp Kaldis
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore .,Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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27
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Fernando BN, Alli-Shaik A, Hemage RK, Badurdeen Z, Hettiarachchi TW, Abeysundara HT, Abeysekara TD, Wazil A, Rathnayake S, Gunaratne J, Nanayakkara N. Pilot Study of Renal Urinary Biomarkers for Diagnosis of CKD of Uncertain Etiology. Kidney Int Rep 2019; 4:1401-1411. [PMID: 31701049 PMCID: PMC6829189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology (CKDu), an emerging chronic kidney disease (CKD) subtype, contributes to significant morbidity and mortality in certain tropical countries. Although several indicators of CKDu have been previously suggested, sensitive and specific tests to detect early disease or predict disease progression are currently unavailable. This study focused on evaluating 8 renal urinary markers, namely neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM1), cystatin C (CST3), beta 2 microglobulin (B2M), osteopontin (OPN), alpha 1 microglobulin (A1M), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1), and retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), with the hypothesis that these have distinct expression patterns in patients with CKDu. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 5 study groups comprising subjects from CKDu, endemic CKD, nonendemic CKD, and endemic healthy and nonendemic healthy controls. The urinary levels of the 8 selected renal biomarkers were quantified using multiplex biomarker assay, and the data were subjected to systematic analysis using logistic regression algorithm aiming to extract the best marker combination that could distinctly identify the disease groups noninvasively from the healthy controls. Results A 3-marker signature panel comprising A1M, KIM1, and RBP4 was identified to represent the best minimum marker combination for differentiating all CKD categories, including CKDu, from healthy controls with an overall sensitivity of ≥0.867 and specificity ≥0.765. The marker combination comprising OPN, KIM1, and RBP4 showed high predictive performance for distinguishing patients with CKDu from patients with CKD with both sensitivity and specificity ≥0.93, which was superior to any existing noninvasive indicator. Conclusion In all, our systematic evaluation of urinary markers previously linked to CKD, in general, allowed identification of exclusive marker panel combination for early diagnosis and confirmation of CKDu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buddhi N.T.W. Fernando
- Centre for Education, Research and Training on Kidney Diseases (CERTKiD), Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Rusiru K.D. Hemage
- Centre for Education, Research and Training on Kidney Diseases (CERTKiD), Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Zeid Badurdeen
- Centre for Education, Research and Training on Kidney Diseases (CERTKiD), Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Thilini W. Hettiarachchi
- Centre for Education, Research and Training on Kidney Diseases (CERTKiD), Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Hemalika T.K. Abeysundara
- Department of Statistics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Thilak D.J. Abeysekara
- Centre for Education, Research and Training on Kidney Diseases (CERTKiD), Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Abdul Wazil
- Transplant and Dialysis Unit, Teaching Hospital, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nishantha Nanayakkara
- Transplant and Dialysis Unit, Teaching Hospital, Kandy, Sri Lanka
- Correspondence: Nishantha Nanayakkara, Transplant and Dialysis Unit, Teaching Hospital, Kandy 20000, Sri Lanka.
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28
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Lim JP, Nair S, Shyamasundar S, Chua PJ, Muniasamy U, Matsumoto K, Gunaratne J, Bay BH. Silencing Y-box binding protein-1 inhibits triple-negative breast cancer cell invasiveness via regulation of MMP1 and beta-catenin expression. Cancer Lett 2019; 452:119-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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29
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Liu Z, Liow SS, Lai SL, Alli-Shaik A, Holder GE, Parikh BH, Krishnakumar S, Li Z, Tan MJ, Gunaratne J, Barathi VA, Hunziker W, Lakshminarayanan R, Tan CWT, Chee CK, Zhao P, Lingam G, Loh XJ, Su X. Retinal-detachment repair and vitreous-like-body reformation via a thermogelling polymer endotamponade. Nat Biomed Eng 2019; 3:598-610. [DOI: 10.1038/s41551-019-0382-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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30
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Koh C, Goh YT, Toh J, Neo SP, Ng S, Gunaratne J, Gao YG, Quake SR, Burkholder W, Goh W. Single-nucleotide-resolution sequencing of human N6-methyldeoxyadenosine reveals strand-asymmetric clusters associated with SSBP1 on the mitochondrial genome. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 46:11659-11670. [PMID: 30412255 PMCID: PMC6294517 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyldeoxyadenosine (6mA) is a well-characterized DNA modification in prokaryotes but reports on its presence and function in mammals have been controversial. To address this issue, we established the capacity of 6mA-Crosslinking-Exonuclease-sequencing (6mACE-seq) to detect genome-wide 6mA at single-nucleotide-resolution, demonstrating this by accurately mapping 6mA in synthesized DNA and bacterial genomes. Using 6mACE-seq, we generated a human-genome-wide 6mA map that accurately reproduced known 6mA enrichment at active retrotransposons and revealed mitochondrial chromosome-wide 6mA clusters asymmetrically enriched on the heavy-strand. We identified a novel putative 6mA-binding protein in single-stranded DNA-binding protein 1 (SSBP1), a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication factor known to coat the heavy-strand, linking 6mA with the regulation of mtDNA replication. Finally, we characterized AlkB homologue 1 (ALKBH1) as a mitochondrial protein with 6mA demethylase activity and showed that its loss decreases mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Our results show that 6mA clusters play a previously unappreciated role in regulating human mitochondrial function, despite 6mA being an uncommon DNA modification in the human genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casslynn W Q Koh
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Genome, Singapore 138672, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Yeek Teck Goh
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Genome, Singapore 138672, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Joel D W Toh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Suat Peng Neo
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Sarah B Ng
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Genome, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Yong-Gui Gao
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Stephen R Quake
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, 499 Illinois St, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - William F Burkholder
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, 499 Illinois St, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Wee Siong S Goh
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Genome, Singapore 138672, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
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31
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Chong PSY, Zhou J, Chooi JY, Chan ZL, Toh SHM, Tan TZ, Wee S, Gunaratne J, Zeng Q, Chng WJ. Non-canonical activation of β-catenin by PRL-3 phosphatase in acute myeloid leukemia. Oncogene 2018; 38:1508-1519. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0526-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Chen J, Rajasekaran M, Xia H, Kong SN, Deivasigamani A, Sekar K, Gao H, Swa HL, Gunaratne J, Ooi LL, Xie T, Hong W, Hui KM. CDK1-mediated BCL9 phosphorylation inhibits clathrin to promote mitotic Wnt signalling. EMBO J 2018; 37:embj.201899395. [PMID: 30217955 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201899395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled cell division is a hallmark of cancer. Deregulation of Wnt components has been linked to aberrant cell division by multiple mechanisms, including Wnt-mediated stabilisation of proteins signalling, which was notably observed in mitosis. Analysis of Wnt components revealed an unexpected role of B-cell CLL/lymphoma 9 (BCL9) in maintaining mitotic Wnt signalling to promote precise cell division and growth of cancer cell. Mitotic interactome analysis revealed a mechanistic role of BCL9 in inhibiting clathrin-mediated degradation of LRP6 signalosome components by interacting with clathrin and the components in Wnt destruction complex; this function was further controlled by CDK1-driven phosphorylation of BCL9 N-terminal, especially T172. Interestingly, T172 phosphorylation was correlated with cancer patient prognosis and enriched in tumours. Thus, our results revealed a novel role of BCL9 in controlling mitotic Wnt signalling to promote cell division and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes (HIPI), Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China .,Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Proteos, Singapore
| | - Muthukumar Rajasekaran
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Hongping Xia
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Shik Nie Kong
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Amudha Deivasigamani
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Karthik Sekar
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Hengjun Gao
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Hannah Lf Swa
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Proteos, Singapore
| | | | - London Lucien Ooi
- Division of Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Tian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes (HIPI), Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wanjin Hong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Proteos, Singapore
| | - Kam Man Hui
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes (HIPI), Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China .,Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Proteos, Singapore.,Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore City, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
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Jakhar R, Luijten MN, Wong AX, Cheng B, Guo K, Neo SP, Au B, Kulkarni M, Lim KJ, Maimaiti J, Chong HC, Lim EH, Tan TB, Ong KW, Sim Y, Wong JS, Khoo JB, Ho JT, Chua BT, Sinha I, Wang X, Connolly JE, Gunaratne J, Crasta KC. Autophagy Governs Protumorigenic Effects of Mitotic Slippage–induced Senescence. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:1625-1640. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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34
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Chong PSY, Zhou J, Chooi JY, Chng WJ, Gunaratne J, Zeng Q. Abstract 4374: Non-canonical activation of β-catenin by PRL-3 phosphatase in acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-4374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is essential for the development of AML; however, the mechanistic basis for the dysregulation is unclear. PRL-3 is an oncogenic phosphatase implicated in the development of LSCs. Here, we identified Leo1 as a direct and specific substrate of PRL-3. Serine-dephosphorylated form of Leo1 binds directly to β-catenin, promoting the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin and transactivation of TCF/LEF downstream target genes such as cyclin D1 and c-myc. Importantly, overexpression of PRL-3 in AML cells displayed enhanced sensitivity towards β-catenin inhibition in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that these cells are addicted to β-catenin signaling. Altogether, our study revealed a novel regulatory role of PRL-3 in the sustenance of aberrant β-catenin signaling in AML. PRL-3 may serve as a biomarker to select for the subset of AML patients subset who are likely to benefit from treatment with β-catenin inhibitors. Our study presents a new avenue of cancer inhibition driven by PRL-3 overexpression or β-catenin hyperactivation.
Citation Format: Phyllis SY Chong, Jianbiao Zhou, Jing Yuan Chooi, Wee Joo Chng, Jayantha Gunaratne, Qi Zeng. Non-canonical activation of β-catenin by PRL-3 phosphatase in acute myeloid leukemia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4374.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jianbiao Zhou
- 1Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Yuan Chooi
- 1Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee Joo Chng
- 1Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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35
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Lim JP, Nair S, Shyamasundar S, Gunaratne J, Bay BH. Abstract 1061: Advanced quantitative mass-spectrometry-based SILAC proteome profiling of Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1) overexpressing breast cancer cells unravels proteins involved in metastasis. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-1061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Metastasis is responsible for the majority of cancer related deaths and remains a global medical challenge in cancer treatment. The Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1), a DNA and RNA binding protein, is known to regulate a plethora of fundamental cellular processes, including cell proliferation, chemoresistance and DNA repair. There is also cumulative evidence that YB-1 enhances breast cancer spread although the exact mechanism of YB-1-mediated metastasis is still not clear. Hence, we aim to determine the role of YB-1 overexpression in breast cancer progression. We first stably overexpressed YB-1 in non-aggressive MCF7 breast cancer cells (MCF7-YB-1) using a turboGFP tagged plasmid and performed phenotypic assays. We observed a significant increase in cell migration in MCF7-YB-1 in the Boyden chamber migration assay, which was substantiated by performing live imaging of the cells in a wound healing assay. Furthermore, a significant decrease in cell proliferation with G1 phase arrest was observed by the alamarBlue assay and flow cytometry analysis of propidium iodide staining, respectively for MCF7-YB-1 cells. We then performed a whole proteome analysis by stable isotope labelling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC), a powerful proteomics platform. The whole proteome analysis identified 122 upregulated proteins and 120 downregulated proteins in the MCF-7-YB-1 cells. Bioinformatics analysis of the differentially regulated proteins using the Metacore software revealed the involvement of proteins that promote cell migration and invasion, such as those belonging to the S100 family which are enriched in the extracellular vesicles and exosome compartment, providing some mechanistic insights into the metastasis promoting role of YB-1. Taken together, our results showed that YB-1 could enhance the migratory potential of breast cancer cells, an important step in the metastatic cascade and therefore warrants a more in-depth study.
Acknowledgement: Jia Pei Lim is a recipient of Ong Hin Tiang Scholarship in Cancer Research. This research was supported by Ministry of Education Grant (MOE2013-T2-1-129).
Citation Format: Jia Pei Lim, Sunitha Nair, Sukanya Shyamasundar, Jayantha Gunaratne, Boon Huat Bay. Advanced quantitative mass-spectrometry-based SILAC proteome profiling of Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1) overexpressing breast cancer cells unravels proteins involved in metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1061.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Pei Lim
- 1National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sunitha Nair
- 2Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | | | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- 2Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
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36
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Chooi JY, Xie Z, Swa HLF, Gunaratne J, Kappei D, Chng WJ. Abstract 2499: Identification of functional proteins interacting with NSD2 in multiple myeloma. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-2499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM), characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of malignant plasma cells, occurs mainly in the elderly population. Recurrent chromosomal translocations are central to the pathogenesis of MM, with t(4;14) being the second most common and associated with poor prognosis. The histone methyltransferase (HMTase) NSD2 is overexpressed in MM due to the t(4;14) translocation and has been suggested to play an important tumorigenic role in t(4;14) MM. However, the detailed molecular mechanism or signaling pathways describing how deregulation of NDS2 contributes to MM cell growth and survival are still uncertain. In this study, stable isotope labeling of amino acid in cell culture (SILAC)-based mass spectrometry analysis was used to determine NSD2-interacting proteins. Mass spectrometry analysis indicated that there were 75 proteins identified in the immunoprecipitation of NSD2 protein complexes. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that these proteins were enriched in processes related to chromatin organization, RNA processing and translation. Five high potential MMSET-interacting proteins from the most enriched functions were selected and verified by Immunoprecipitation and Western blot assays. The results indicated that there were interactions between NSD2 and SMARCA2, topoisomerase IIa, ADAR1, DDX5 and RPS6. In silico analysis with STRING database showed that SMARCA2 interacts with NSD2. SMARCA2 is the ATPase subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, which harnesses the energy from ATP to remodel the position of nucleosomes, making the DNA accessible during transcription, replication and DNA repair. Double immunofluorescence showed NSD2 and SMARCA2 co-localized in the cell nucleus. SMARCA2 was knocked down (KD) by shRNAs in t(4;14) MM cells. CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay (CTG assay) indicated that SMARCA2 KD by shRNA reduced t(4;14) MM cell growth. SMARCA2 KD also significantly inhibited the capacity to form colonies in t(4;14) MM cells on methylcellulose colony formation assay. Inhibiting SMARCA2 with active DNA-dependent ATPase A domain inhibitor (ADAADi) also reduced t(4;14) MM cell growth. In addition, SMARCA2 KD reduced cell cycle S phase. Western blot analysis showed downregulation of PRL3 and CCND1 protein level upon NSD2 or SMARCA2 KD. This study reveals a protein-protein interaction between NSD2 and SMARCA2. SMARCA2 KD showed SMARCA2 might be a novel therapeutic target for t(4;14) MM.
Citation Format: Jing Yuan Chooi, Zhigang Xie, Hannah Lee-Foon Swa, Jayantha Gunaratne, Dennis Kappei, Wee Joo Chng. Identification of functional proteins interacting with NSD2 in multiple myeloma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2499.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhigang Xie
- 2Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Wee Joo Chng
- 1National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Liao KC, Chuo V, Ng WC, Neo SP, Pompon J, Gunaratne J, Ooi EE, Garcia-Blanco MA. Identification and characterization of host proteins bound to dengue virus 3' UTR reveal an antiviral role for quaking proteins. RNA 2018; 24:803-814. [PMID: 29572260 PMCID: PMC5959249 DOI: 10.1261/rna.064006.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The four dengue viruses (DENV1-4) are rapidly reemerging infectious RNA viruses. These positive-strand viral genomes contain structured 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) that interact with various host RNA binding proteins (RBPs). These RBPs are functionally important in viral replication, pathogenesis, and defense against host immune mechanisms. Here, we combined RNA chromatography and quantitative mass spectrometry to identify proteins interacting with DENV1-4 3' UTRs. As expected, RBPs displayed distinct binding specificity. Among them, we focused on quaking (QKI) because of its preference for the DENV4 3' UTR (DENV-4/SG/06K2270DK1/2005). RNA immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that QKI interacted with DENV4 genomes in infected cells. Moreover, QKI depletion enhanced infectious particle production of DENV4. On the contrary, QKI did not interact with DENV2 3' UTR, and DENV2 replication was not affected consistently by QKI depletion. Next, we mapped the QKI interaction site and identified a QKI response element (QRE) in DENV4 3' UTR. Interestingly, removal of QRE from DENV4 3' UTR abolished this interaction and increased DENV4 viral particle production. Introduction of the QRE to DENV2 3' UTR led to QKI binding and reduced DENV2 infectious particle production. Finally, reporter assays suggest that QKI reduced translation efficiency of viral RNA. Our work describes a novel function of QKI in restricting viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Chieh Liao
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Vanessa Chuo
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Wy Ching Ng
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Suat Peng Neo
- Translational Biomedical Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore 138673
| | - Julien Pompon
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
- MIVEGEC, UMR IRD 224-CNRS5290-Université de Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Translational Biomedical Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore 138673
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545
- Singapore MIT Alliance in Research and Technology Infectious Diseases Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore 138602
| | - Mariano A Garcia-Blanco
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
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Alli-Shaik A, Wee S, Lim LHK, Gunaratne J. Phosphoproteomics reveals network rewiring to a pro-adhesion state in annexin-1-deficient mammary epithelial cells. Breast Cancer Res 2017; 19:132. [PMID: 29233185 PMCID: PMC5727667 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0924-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Annexin-1 (ANXA1) plays pivotal roles in regulating various physiological processes including inflammation, proliferation and apoptosis, and deregulation of ANXA1 functions has been associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis events in several types of cancer. Though ANXA1 levels correlate with breast cancer disease status and outcome, its distinct functional involvement in breast cancer initiation and progression remains unclear. We hypothesized that ANXA1-responsive kinase signaling alteration and associated phosphorylation signaling underlie early events in breast cancer initiation events and hence profiled ANXA1-dependent phosphorylation changes in mammary gland epithelial cells. Methods Quantitative phosphoproteomics analysis of mammary gland epithelial cells derived from ANXA1-heterozygous and ANXA1-deficient mice was carried out using stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC)-based mass spectrometry. Kinase and signaling changes underlying ANXA1 perturbations were derived by upstream kinase prediction and integrated network analysis of altered proteins and phosphoproteins. Results We identified a total of 8110 unique phosphorylation sites, of which 582 phosphorylation sites on 372 proteins had ANXA1-responsive changes. A majority of these phosphorylation changes occurred on proteins associated with cytoskeletal reorganization spanning the focal adhesion, stress fibers, and also the microtubule network proposing new roles for ANXA1 in regulating microtubule dynamics. Comparative analysis of regulated global proteome and phosphoproteome highlighted key differences in translational and post-translational effects of ANXA1, and suggested closely coordinated rewiring of the cell adhesion network. Kinase prediction analysis suggested activity modulation of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CAMK2), P21-activated kinase (PAK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and IκB kinase (IKK) upon loss of ANXA1. Integrative analysis revealed regulation of the WNT and Hippo signaling pathways in ANXA1-deficient mammary epithelial cells, wherein there is downregulation of transcriptional effects of TEA domain family (TEAD) suggestive of ANXA1-responsive transcriptional rewiring. Conclusions The phosphoproteome landscape uncovered several novel perspectives for ANXA1 in mammary gland biology and highlighted its involvement in key signaling pathways modulating cell adhesion and migration that could contribute to breast cancer initiation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-017-0924-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfa Alli-Shaik
- Translational Biomedical Proteomics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Sheena Wee
- Translational Biomedical Proteomics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Lina H K Lim
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Programme, Centre for Life Sciences, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Translational Biomedical Proteomics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore. .,Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
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Boopathy GTK, Lynn JLS, Wee S, Gunaratne J, Hong W. Phosphorylation of Mig6 negatively regulates the ubiquitination and degradation of EGFR mutants in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. Cell Signal 2017; 43:21-31. [PMID: 29196224 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Activating mutations in the kinase domain of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) leads to the constitutively active kinase, improves the EGFR stability and promotes malignant transformation in lung adenocarcinoma. Despite the clinical significance, the mechanism by which the increased kinase activity stabilizes the receptor is not completely understood. Using SILAC phosphoproteomic approach, we identify that Mig6 is highly phosphorylated at S256 in EGFR mutants (19del and L858R). Loss of Mig6 contributes to the efficient degradation of EGFR wildtype and mutants in lung cancer cells. Mig6 regulates the recruitment of c-Cbl to EGFR as the ablation of Mig6 enables efficient ubiquitination of the EGFR mutants through elevated recruitment of c-Cbl. We show that the cells with activating mutants of EGFR inactivate Mig6 through phosphorylation at S256. Inactivated Mig6 causes inefficient ubiquitination of EGFR, leading to defective degradation of the receptor thus contributing to the increased stability of the receptor. Taken together, we show a novel function of Mig6 in regulating the ubiquitination of EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gandhi T K Boopathy
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, 138673, Singapore.
| | - Julia Lim Sze Lynn
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, 138673, Singapore
| | - Sheena Wee
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, 138673, Singapore
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, 138673, Singapore
| | - Wanjin Hong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, 138673, Singapore.
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40
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Tan KK, Ler SG, Gunaratne J, Bay BH, Ponnampalam G. In vitro cytotoxicity of L-amino acid oxidase from the venom of Crotalus mitchellii pyrrhus. Toxicon 2017; 139:20-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Toloczko A, Guo F, Yuen HF, Wen Q, Wood SA, Ong YS, Chan PY, Shaik AA, Gunaratne J, Dunne MJ, Hong W, Chan SW. Deubiquitinating Enzyme USP9X Suppresses Tumor Growth via LATS Kinase and Core Components of the Hippo Pathway. Cancer Res 2017; 77:4921-4933. [PMID: 28720576 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-3413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The core LATS kinases of the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway phosphorylate and inhibit the downstream transcriptional co-activators YAP and TAZ, which are implicated in various cancers. Recent studies have identified various E3 ubiquitin ligases that negatively regulate the Hippo pathway via ubiquitination, yet few deubiquitinating enzymes (DUB) have been implicated. In this study, we report the DUB USP9X is an important regulator of the core kinases of this pathway. USP9X interacted strongly with LATS kinase and to a lesser extent with WW45, KIBRA, and Angiomotin, and LATS co-migrated exclusively with USP9X during gel filtration chromatography analysis. Knockdown of USP9X significantly downregulated and destabilized LATS and resulted in enhanced nuclear translocation of YAP and TAZ, accompanied with activation of their target genes. In the absence of USP9X, cells exhibited an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition phenotype, acquired anchorage-independent growth in soft agar, and led to enlarged, disorganized, three-dimensional acini. YAP/TAZ target gene activation in response to USP9X knockdown was suppressed by knockdown of YAP, TAZ, and TEAD2. Deletion of USP9X in mouse embryonic fibroblasts resulted in significant downregulation of LATS. Furthermore, USP9X protein expression correlated positively with LATS but negatively with YAP/TAZ in pancreatic cancer tissues as well as pancreatic and breast cancer cell lines. Overall, these results strongly indicate that USP9X potentiates LATS kinase to suppress tumor growth. Cancer Res; 77(18); 4921-33. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Toloczko
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Fusheng Guo
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hiu-Fung Yuen
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Qing Wen
- Centre for Public Health and Centre for Cancer Research & Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen A Wood
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yan Shan Ong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Pei Yi Chan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Asfa Alli Shaik
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Mark J Dunne
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Wanjin Hong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Siew Wee Chan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
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Lim JP, Shyamasundar S, Gunaratne J, Scully OJ, Matsumoto K, Bay BH. YBX1 gene silencing inhibits migratory and invasive potential via CORO1C in breast cancer in vitro. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:201. [PMID: 28302118 PMCID: PMC5356414 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3187-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Y-box binding protein-1 is an evolutionary conserved transcription and translation regulating protein that is overexpressed in various human malignancies, including breast cancer. Despite reports of YB-1 and its association with distant spread of breast cancer, the intrinsic mechanism underlying this observation remains elusive. This study investigates the role of YB-1 in mediating metastasis in highly invasive breast cancer cell lines. METHODS Silencing the YBX1 gene (which encodes the YB-1 protein) by small interfering RNA (siRNA) was performed in MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T breast cancer cell lines, followed by phenotypic assays including cell migration and invasion assays. Gene expression profiling using Affymetrix GeneChip® Human Transcriptome 2.0 array was subsequently carried out in YB-1 silenced MDA-MB-231 cells. Overexpression and silencing of YBX1 were performed to assess the expression of CORO1C, one of the differentially regulated genes from the transcriptomic analysis. A Gaussia luciferase reporter assay was used to determine if CORO1C is a putative YB-1 downstream target. siRNA-mediated silencing of CORO1C and down-regulation of YBX1 in CORO1C overexpressing MDA-MB-231 cells were performed to evaluate cell migration and invasion. RESULTS Downregulation of the YB-1 protein inhibited cell migration and invasion in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Global gene expression profiling in the YBX1 silenced MDA-MB-231 cells identified differential expression of several genes, including CORO1C (which encodes for an actin binding protein, coronin-1C) as a potential downstream target of YB-1. While knockdown of YBX1 gene decreased CORO1C gene expression, the opposite effects were seen in YB-1 overexpressing cells. Subsequent verification using the reporter assay revealed that CORO1C is an indirect downstream target of YB-1. Silencing of CORO1C by siRNA in MDA-MB-231 cells was also observed to reduce cell migration and invasion. Silencing of YBX1 caused a similar reduction in CORO1C expression, concomitant with a significant decrease in migration in Hs578T cells. In coronin-1C overexpressing MDA-MB-231 cells, increased migration and invasion were abrogated by YB-1 knockdown. CONCLUSION It would appear that YB-1 could regulate cell invasion and migration via downregulation of its indirect target coronin-1C. The association between YB-1 and coronin-1C offers a novel approach by which metastasis of breast cancer cells could be targeted and abrogated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Pei Lim
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 4 Medical Drive, Blk MD10, Singapore, 117594 Singapore
- Quantitative Proteomics Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673 Singapore
| | - Sukanya Shyamasundar
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 4 Medical Drive, Blk MD10, Singapore, 117594 Singapore
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 4 Medical Drive, Blk MD10, Singapore, 117594 Singapore
- Quantitative Proteomics Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673 Singapore
| | - Olivia Jane Scully
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 4 Medical Drive, Blk MD10, Singapore, 117594 Singapore
| | - Ken Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Boon Huat Bay
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 4 Medical Drive, Blk MD10, Singapore, 117594 Singapore
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Singaravelu P, Lee WL, Wee S, Ghoshdastider U, Ding K, Gunaratne J, Grimes JM, Swaminathan K, Robinson RC. Yersinia effector protein (YopO)-mediated phosphorylation of host gelsolin causes calcium-independent activation leading to disruption of actin dynamics. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:8092-8100. [PMID: 28280241 PMCID: PMC5427284 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.757971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic Yersinia bacteria cause a range of human diseases. To modulate and evade host immune systems, these yersiniae inject effector proteins into host macrophages. One such protein, the serine/threonine kinase YopO (YpkA in Yersinia pestis), uses monomeric actin as bait to recruit and phosphorylate host actin polymerization-regulating proteins, including the actin-severing protein gelsolin, to disrupt actin filaments and thus impair phagocytosis. However, the YopO phosphorylation sites on gelsolin and the consequences of YopO-mediated phosphorylation on actin remodeling have yet to be established. Here we determined the effects of YopO-mediated phosphorylation on gelsolin and identified its phosphorylation sites by mass spectrometry. YopO phosphorylated gelsolin in the linker region between gelsolin homology domains G3 and G4, which, in the absence of calcium, are compacted but adopt an open conformation in the presence of calcium, enabling actin binding and severing. Using phosphomimetic and phosphodeletion gelsolin mutants, we found that YopO-mediated phosphorylation partially mimics calcium-dependent activation of gelsolin, potentially contributing to a reduction in filamentous actin and altered actin dynamics in phagocytic cells. In summary, this work represents the first report of the functional outcome of serine/threonine phosphorylation in gelsolin regulation and provides critical insight into how YopO disrupts normal gelsolin function to alter host actin dynamics and thus cripple phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra Singaravelu
- From the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138673.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Wei Lin Lee
- From the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138673,
| | - Sheena Wee
- From the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138673
| | - Umesh Ghoshdastider
- From the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138673
| | - Ke Ding
- From the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138673
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- From the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138673
| | - Jonathan M Grimes
- From the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138673.,Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom.,Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond House, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom, and
| | | | - Robert C Robinson
- From the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138673
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Lee WL, Singaravelu P, Wee S, Xue B, Ang KC, Gunaratne J, Grimes JM, Swaminathan K, Robinson RC. Mechanisms of Yersinia YopO kinase substrate specificity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39998. [PMID: 28051168 PMCID: PMC5209680 DOI: 10.1038/srep39998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Yersinia bacteria cause a range of human diseases, including yersiniosis, Far East scarlet-like fever and the plague. Yersiniae modulate and evade host immune defences through injection of Yersinia outer proteins (Yops) into phagocytic cells. One of the Yops, YopO (also known as YpkA) obstructs phagocytosis through disrupting actin filament regulation processes - inhibiting polymerization-promoting signaling through sequestration of Rac/Rho family GTPases and by using monomeric actin as bait to recruit and phosphorylate host actin-regulating proteins. Here we set out to identify mechanisms of specificity in protein phosphorylation by YopO that would clarify its effects on cytoskeleton disruption. We report the MgADP structure of Yersinia enterocolitica YopO in complex with actin, which reveals its active site architecture. Using a proteome-wide kinase-interacting substrate screening (KISS) method, we identified that YopO phosphorylates a wide range of actin-modulating proteins and located their phosphorylation sites by mass spectrometry. Using artificial substrates we clarified YopO's substrate length requirements and its phosphorylation consensus sequence. These findings provide fresh insight into the mechanism of the YopO kinase and demonstrate that YopO executes a specific strategy targeting actin-modulating proteins, across multiple functionalities, to compete for control of their native phospho-signaling, thus hampering the cytoskeletal processes required for macrophage phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin Lee
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore
| | - Pavithra Singaravelu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sheena Wee
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore
| | - Bo Xue
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore
| | - Khay Chun Ang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jonathan M. Grimes
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, UK
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., UK
| | | | - Robert C. Robinson
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, 636921, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chan School of Medicine, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
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Dong JM, Tay FPL, Swa HLF, Gunaratne J, Leung T, Burke B, Manser E. Proximity biotinylation provides insight into the molecular composition of focal adhesions at the nanometer scale. Sci Signal 2016; 9:rs4. [PMID: 27303058 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaf3572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Focal adhesions are protein complexes that link metazoan cells to the extracellular matrix through the integrin family of transmembrane proteins. Integrins recruit many proteins to these complexes, referred to as the "adhesome." We used proximity-dependent biotinylation (BioID) in U2OS osteosarcoma cells to label proteins within 15 to 25 nm of paxillin, a cytoplasmic focal adhesion protein, and kindlin-2, which directly binds β integrins. Using mass spectrometry analysis of the biotinylated proteins, we identified 27 known adhesome proteins and 8 previously unknown components close to paxillin. However, only seven of these proteins interacted directly with paxillin, one of which was the adaptor protein Kank2. The proteins in proximity to β integrin included 15 of the adhesion proteins identified in the paxillin BioID data set. BioID also correctly established kindlin-2 as a cell-cell junction protein. By focusing on this smaller data set, new partners for kindlin-2 were found, namely, the endocytosis-promoting proteins liprin β1 and EFR3A, but, contrary to previous reports, not the filamin-binding protein migfilin. A model adhesome based on both data sets suggests that focal adhesions contain fewer components than previously suspected and that paxillin lies away from the plasma membrane. These data not only illustrate the power of using BioID and stable isotope-labeled mass spectrometry to define macromolecular complexes but also enable the correct identification of therapeutic targets within the adhesome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ming Dong
- sGSK Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Proteos Building, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Felicia Pei-Ling Tay
- sGSK Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Proteos Building, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Hannah Lee-Foon Swa
- Quantitative Proteomics Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Quantitative Proteomics Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore. Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Thomas Leung
- sGSK Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Proteos Building, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Brian Burke
- Institute of Medical Biology, 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos Building, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Ed Manser
- sGSK Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Proteos Building, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore. Institute of Medical Biology, 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos Building, Singapore 138648, Singapore. Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
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Brichkina A, Nguyen NT, Baskar R, Wee S, Gunaratne J, Robinson RC, Bulavin DV. Proline isomerisation as a novel regulatory mechanism for p38MAPK activation and functions. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:1592-601. [PMID: 27233083 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The stress-induced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway plays an essential role in multiple physiological processes, including cancer. In turn, p38MAPK phosphorylation at Thr180 and Tyr182 is a key regulatory mechanism for its activation and functions. Here we show that this mechanism is actively regulated through isomerisation of Pro224. Different cyclophilins can isomerise this proline residue and modulate the ability of upstream kinases to phosphorylate Thr180 and Tyr182. In vivo mutation of Pro224 to Ile in endogenous p38MAPK significantly reduced its phosphorylation and activity. This resulted in attenuation of p38MAPK signalling, which in turn caused an enhanced apoptosis and sensitivity to a DNA-damaging drug, cisplatin. We further found a reduction in size and number of lesions in homozygous mice carrying the p38MAPK P224I substitution in a K-ras model of lung tumorigenesis. We propose that cyclophilin-dependent isomerisation of p38MAPK is an important novel mechanism in regulating p38MAPK phosphorylation and functions. Thus, inhibition of this process, including with drugs that are in clinical trials, may improve the efficacy of current anti-cancer therapeutic regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Brichkina
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - N Tm Nguyen
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - R Baskar
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - S Wee
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - J Gunaratne
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - R C Robinson
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Singapore 138673, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - D V Bulavin
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), INSERM, U1081-UMR CNRS 7284, University of Nice - Sophia Antipolis, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
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47
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Tan CL, Teissier S, Gunaratne J, Quek LS, Bellanger S. Stranglehold on the spindle assembly checkpoint: the human papillomavirus E2 protein provokes BUBR1-dependent aneuploidy. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:1459-70. [PMID: 25789401 PMCID: PMC4614697 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1021519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) E2 protein, which inhibits the E6 and E7 viral oncogenes, is believed to have anti-oncogenic properties. Here, we challenge this view and show that HPV-18 E2 over-activates the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC) and induces DNA breaks in mitosis followed by aneuploidy. This phenotype is associated with interaction of E2 with the Mitotic Checkpoint Complex (MCC) proteins Cdc20, MAD2 and BUBR1. While BUBR1 silencing rescues the mitotic phenotype induced by E2, p53 silencing or presence of E6/E7 (inactivating p53 and increasing BUBR1 levels respectively) both amplify it. This work pinpoints E2 as a key protein in the initiation of HPV-induced cervical cancer and identifies the SAC as a target for oncogenic pathogens. Moreover, our results suggest a role of p53 in regulating the mitotic process itself and highlight SAC over-activation in a p53-negative context as a highly pathogenic event.
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Key Words
- APC/C, Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome
- Ad, Adenovirus
- BUBR1
- E2
- E2 TAD, E2 Transactivation Domain
- E2 ΔTAD, E2 deleted of the Transactivation Domain
- GFP, Green Fluorescent Protein
- HPV, Human Papillomavirus
- MCC, Mitotic Checkpoint Complex
- MS, Mass Spectrometry
- Noco, Nocodazole
- SAC, Spindle Assembly Checkpoint
- Thym, Thymidine
- aneuploidy
- m.o.i., Multiplicity of Infection
- mitosis
- p53
- papillomavirus
- spindle assembly checkpoint
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Affiliation(s)
- Chye Ling Tan
- a Cell Cycle Control in Skin Epidermis; Institute of Medical Biology; A*Star, Biopolis ; Immunos , Singapore
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48
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Ho L, Tan S, Wee S, Wu Y, Tan S, Ramakrishna N, Chng S, Nama S, Szczerbinska I, Chan YS, Avery S, Tsuneyoshi N, Ng H, Gunaratne J, Dunn N, Reversade B. ELABELA Is an Endogenous Growth Factor that Sustains hESC Self-Renewal via the PI3K/AKT Pathway. Cell Stem Cell 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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49
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Manokaran G, Finol E, Wang C, Gunaratne J, Bahl J, Ong EZ, Tan HC, Sessions OM, Ward AM, Gubler DJ, Harris E, Garcia-Blanco MA, Ooi EE. Dengue subgenomic RNA binds TRIM25 to inhibit interferon expression for epidemiological fitness. Science 2015; 350:217-21. [PMID: 26138103 PMCID: PMC4824004 DOI: 10.1126/science.aab3369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The global spread of dengue virus (DENV) infections has increased viral genetic diversity, some of which appears associated with greater epidemic potential. The mechanisms governing viral fitness in epidemiological settings, however, remain poorly defined. We identified a determinant of fitness in a foreign dominant (PR-2B) DENV serotype 2 (DENV-2) clade, which emerged during the 1994 epidemic in Puerto Rico and replaced an endemic (PR-1) DENV-2 clade. The PR-2B DENV-2 produced increased levels of subgenomic flavivirus RNA (sfRNA) relative to genomic RNA during replication. PR-2B sfRNA showed sequence-dependent binding to and prevention of tripartite motif 25 (TRIM25) deubiquitylation, which is critical for sustained and amplified retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-I)-induced type I interferon expression. Our findings demonstrate a distinctive viral RNA-host protein interaction to evade the innate immune response for increased epidemiological fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Manokaran
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore. Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore. Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Esteban Finol
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore. Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore. Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Universität Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chunling Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore. Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore
| | - Justin Bahl
- Center for Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eugenia Z Ong
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Hwee Cheng Tan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - October M Sessions
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Alex M Ward
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Duane J Gubler
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Mariano A Garcia-Blanco
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA. Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Center for RNA Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore. Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore. Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore. Singapore-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Alliance in Research and Technology Infectious Disease Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore.
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50
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Yang BX, El Farran CA, Guo HC, Yu T, Fang HT, Wang HF, Schlesinger S, Seah YFS, Goh GYL, Neo SP, Li Y, Lorincz MC, Tergaonkar V, Lim TM, Chen L, Gunaratne J, Collins JJ, Goff SP, Daley GQ, Li H, Bard FA, Loh YH. Systematic identification of factors for provirus silencing in embryonic stem cells. Cell 2015; 163:230-45. [PMID: 26365490 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) repress the expression of exogenous proviruses and endogenous retroviruses (ERVs). Here, we systematically dissected the cellular factors involved in provirus repression in embryonic carcinomas (ECs) and ESCs by a genome-wide siRNA screen. Histone chaperones (Chaf1a/b), sumoylation factors (Sumo2/Ube2i/Sae1/Uba2/Senp6), and chromatin modifiers (Trim28/Eset/Atf7ip) are key determinants that establish provirus silencing. RNA-seq analysis uncovered the roles of Chaf1a/b and sumoylation modifiers in the repression of ERVs. ChIP-seq analysis demonstrates direct recruitment of Chaf1a and Sumo2 to ERVs. Chaf1a reinforces transcriptional repression via its interaction with members of the NuRD complex (Kdm1a, Hdac1/2) and Eset, while Sumo2 orchestrates the provirus repressive function of the canonical Zfp809/Trim28/Eset machinery by sumoylation of Trim28. Our study reports a genome-wide atlas of functional nodes that mediate proviral silencing in ESCs and illuminates the comprehensive, interconnected, and multi-layered genetic and epigenetic mechanisms by which ESCs repress retroviruses within the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xia Yang
- Epigenetics and Cell Fates Laboratory, A(∗)STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Chadi A El Farran
- Epigenetics and Cell Fates Laboratory, A(∗)STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Hong Chao Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Epigenetics and Cell Fates Laboratory, A(∗)STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Hai Tong Fang
- Epigenetics and Cell Fates Laboratory, A(∗)STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Hao Fei Wang
- Epigenetics and Cell Fates Laboratory, A(∗)STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Sharon Schlesinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yu Fen Samantha Seah
- Epigenetics and Cell Fates Laboratory, A(∗)STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Germaine Yen Lin Goh
- Membrane Traffic Laboratory, A(∗)STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Suat Peng Neo
- Quantitative Proteomics Group, A(∗)STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Yinghui Li
- Division of Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics, Laboratory of NF-κB Signaling, A(∗)STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Matthew C Lorincz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Division of Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics, Laboratory of NF-κB Signaling, A(∗)STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Tit-Meng Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Lingyi Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Quantitative Proteomics Group, A(∗)STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - James J Collins
- Department of Biological Engineering, Synthetic Biology Center, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephen P Goff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - George Q Daley
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hu Li
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Frederic A Bard
- Membrane Traffic Laboratory, A(∗)STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Yuin-Han Loh
- Epigenetics and Cell Fates Laboratory, A(∗)STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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