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Ong JWJ, Tan KS, Lee JJX, Seet JE, Choi HW, Ler SG, Gunaratne J, Narasaraju T, Sham LT, Patzel V, Chow VT. Differential effects of microRNAs miR-21, miR-99 and miR-145 on lung regeneration and inflammation during recovery from influenza pneumonia. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29286. [PMID: 38087452 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
In a mouse model of influenza pneumonia, we previously documented that proliferating alveolar type II (AT2) cells are the major stem cells involved in early lung recovery. Profiling of microRNAs revealed significant dysregulation of specific ones, including miR-21 and miR-99a. Moreover, miR-145 is known to exhibit antagonism to miR-21. This follow-up study investigated the roles of microRNAs miR-21, miR-99a, and miR-145 in the murine pulmonary regenerative process and inflammation during influenza pneumonia. Inhibition of miR-21 resulted in severe morbidity, and in significantly decreased proliferating AT2 cells due to impaired transition from innate to adaptive immune responses. Knockdown of miR-99a culminated in moderate morbidity, with a significant increase in proliferating AT2 cells that may be linked to PTEN downregulation. In contrast, miR-145 antagonism did not impact morbidity nor the proliferating AT2 cell population, and was associated with downregulation of TNF-alpha, IL1-beta, YM1, and LY6G. Hence, a complex interplay exists between expression of specific miRNAs, lung regeneration, and inflammation during recovery from influenza pneumonia. Inhibition of miR-21 and miR-99a (but not miR-145) can lead to deleterious cellular and molecular effects on pulmonary repair and inflammatory processes during influenza pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Wee Jian Ong
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kai Sen Tan
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Ju Ee Seet
- Department of Pathology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hyung Won Choi
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Teluguakula Narasaraju
- Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Adichunchanagiri University, Karnataka, India
| | - Lok-To Sham
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Volker Patzel
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vincent T Chow
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Tan YW, Teo FMS, Ler SG, Alli-Shaik A, Nyo M, Chong CY, Tan NWH, Wang RYL, Gunaratne J, Chu JJH. Potential relevance of salivary legumain for the clinical diagnostic of hand, foot, and mouth disease. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29243. [PMID: 38009231 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
The fight against hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) remains an arduous challenge without existing point-of-care (POC) diagnostic platforms for accurate diagnosis and prompt case quarantine. Hence, the purpose of this salivary biomarker discovery study is to set the fundamentals for the realization of POC diagnostics for HFMD. Whole salivary proteome profiling was performed on the saliva obtained from children with HFMD and healthy children, using a reductive dimethylation chemical labeling method coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics technology. We identified 19 upregulated (fold change = 1.5-5.8) and 51 downregulated proteins (fold change = 0.1-0.6) in the saliva samples of HFMD patients in comparison to that of healthy volunteers. Four upregulated protein candidates were selected for dot blot-based validation assay, based on novelty as biomarkers and exclusions in oral diseases and cancers. Salivary legumain was validated in the Singapore (n = 43 healthy, 28 HFMD cases) and Taiwan (n = 60 healthy, 47 HFMD cases) cohorts with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.7583 and 0.8028, respectively. This study demonstrates the feasibility of a broad-spectrum HFMD POC diagnostic test based on legumain, a virus-specific host systemic signature, in saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wah Tan
- Collaborative and Translation Unit for Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD), Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fiona Mei Shan Teo
- Collaborative and Translation Unit for Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD), Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siok Ghee Ler
- Translational Biomedical Proteomics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Asfa Alli-Shaik
- Translational Biomedical Proteomics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Min Nyo
- Infectious Disease Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chia Yin Chong
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Natalie Woon Hui Tan
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Robert Y L Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Kidney Research Center and Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial and Children's Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Translational Biomedical Proteomics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Justin Jang Hann Chu
- Collaborative and Translation Unit for Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD), Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Infectious Disease Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Ong JWJ, Tan KS, Ler SG, Gunaratne J, Choi H, Seet JE, Chow VTK. Insights into Early Recovery from Influenza Pneumonia by Spatial and Temporal Quantification of Putative Lung Regenerating Cells and by Lung Proteomics. Cells 2019; 8:cells8090975. [PMID: 31455003 PMCID: PMC6769472 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
During influenza pneumonia, the alveolar epithelial cells of the lungs are targeted by the influenza virus. The distal airway stem cells (DASCs) and proliferating alveolar type II (AT2) cells are reported to be putative lung repair cells. However, their relative spatial and temporal distribution is still unknown during influenza-induced acute lung injury. Here, we investigated the distribution of these cells, and concurrently performed global proteomic analysis of the infected lungs to elucidate and link the cellular and molecular events during influenza pneumonia recovery. BALB/c mice were infected with a sub-lethal dose of influenza H1N1 virus. From 5 to 25 days post-infection (dpi), mouse lungs were subjected to histopathologic and immunofluorescence analysis to probe for global distribution of lung repair cells (using P63 and KRT5 markers for DASCs; SPC and PCNA markers for AT2 cells). At 7 and 15 dpi, infected mouse lungs were also subjected to protein mass spectrometry for relative protein quantification. DASCs appeared only in the damaged area of the lung from 7 dpi onwards, reaching a peak at 21 dpi, and persisted until 25 dpi. However, no differentiation of DASCs to AT2 cells was observed by 25 dpi. In contrast, AT2 cells began proliferating from 7 dpi to replenish their population, especially within the boundary area between damaged and undamaged areas of the infected lungs. Mass spectrometry and gene ontology analysis revealed prominent innate immune responses at 7 dpi, which shifted towards adaptive immune responses by 15 dpi. Hence, proliferating AT2 cells but not DASCs contribute to AT2 cell regeneration following transition from innate to adaptive immune responses during the early phase of recovery from influenza pneumonia up to 25 dpi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Wee Jian Ong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore
- Correspondence: (J.W.J.O.); (V.T.-K.C.); Tel.: +65-6516-3691 (J.W.J.O.)
| | - Kai Sen Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Siok Ghee Ler
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | | | - Hyungwon Choi
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore 138673, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Ju Ee Seet
- Department of Pathology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Vincent Tak-Kwong Chow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore
- Correspondence: (J.W.J.O.); (V.T.-K.C.); Tel.: +65-6516-3691 (J.W.J.O.)
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Tan KK, Ler SG, Gunaratne J, Bay BH, Ponnampalam G. In vitro cytotoxicity of L-amino acid oxidase from the venom of Crotalus mitchellii pyrrhus. Toxicon 2017; 139:20-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Ha HK, Kumar P, Nandi S, Tan TZ, Ler SG, Chia KS, Lim WY, Ku JY, Lee CH, Lee K, Kim KH, Baek SR, Park HJ, Lee JZ, Thiery JP. MP88-12 HIGHLY SENSITIVE AND SPECIFIC NOVEL BIOMARKERS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF TRANSITIONAL BLADDER CARCINOMA. J Urol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2016.02.2430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Koh HWL, Swa HLF, Fermin D, Ler SG, Gunaratne J, Choi H. EBprot: Statistical analysis of labeling-based quantitative proteomics data. Proteomics 2015; 15:2580-91. [PMID: 25913743 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Labeling-based proteomics is a powerful method for detection of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). The current data analysis platform typically relies on protein-level ratios, which is obtained by summarizing peptide-level ratios for each protein. In shotgun proteomics, however, some proteins are quantified with more peptides than others, and this reproducibility information is not incorporated into the differential expression (DE) analysis. Here, we propose a novel probabilistic framework EBprot that directly models the peptide-protein hierarchy and rewards the proteins with reproducible evidence of DE over multiple peptides. To evaluate its performance with known DE states, we conducted a simulation study to show that the peptide-level analysis of EBprot provides better receiver-operating characteristic and more accurate estimation of the false discovery rates than the methods based on protein-level ratios. We also demonstrate superior classification performance of peptide-level EBprot analysis in a spike-in dataset. To illustrate the wide applicability of EBprot in different experimental designs, we applied EBprot to a dataset for lung cancer subtype analysis with biological replicates and another dataset for time course phosphoproteome analysis of EGF-stimulated HeLa cells with multiplexed labeling. Through these examples, we show that the peptide-level analysis of EBprot is a robust alternative to the existing statistical methods for the DE analysis of labeling-based quantitative datasets. The software suite is freely available on the Sourceforge website http://ebprot.sourceforge.net/. All MS data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD001426 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD001426/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi W L Koh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Hannah L F Swa
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Damian Fermin
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Siok Ghee Ler
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hyungwon Choi
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore
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Lößner C, Wee S, Ler SG, Li RHX, Carney T, Blackstock W, Gunaratne J. Expanding the zebrafish embryo proteome using multiple fractionation approaches and tandem mass spectrometry. Proteomics 2012; 12:1879-82. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Lößner
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology; Agency for Science; Technology and Research (A*STAR); Singapore Singapore
| | - Sheena Wee
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology; Agency for Science; Technology and Research (A*STAR); Singapore Singapore
| | - Siok Ghee Ler
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology; Agency for Science; Technology and Research (A*STAR); Singapore Singapore
| | - Rachel H. X. Li
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology; Agency for Science; Technology and Research (A*STAR); Singapore Singapore
| | - Tom Carney
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology; Agency for Science; Technology and Research (A*STAR); Singapore Singapore
| | - Walter Blackstock
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology; Agency for Science; Technology and Research (A*STAR); Singapore Singapore
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology; Agency for Science; Technology and Research (A*STAR); Singapore Singapore
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Ward AM, Bidet K, Yinglin A, Ler SG, Hogue K, Blackstock W, Gunaratne J, Garcia-Blanco MA. Quantitative mass spectrometry of DENV-2 RNA-interacting proteins reveals that the DEAD-box RNA helicase DDX6 binds the DB1 and DB2 3' UTR structures. RNA Biol 2011; 8:1173-86. [PMID: 21957497 DOI: 10.4161/rna.8.6.17836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a rapidly re-emerging flavivirus that causes dengue fever (DF), dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS), diseases for which there are no available therapies or vaccines. The DENV-2 positive-strand RNA genome contains 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) that have been shown to form secondary structures required for virus replication and interaction with host cell proteins. In order to comprehensively identify host cell factors that bind the DENV-2 UTRs, we performed RNA chromatography, using the DENV-2 5' and 3' UTRs as "bait", combined with quantitative mass spectrometry. We identified several proteins, including DDX6, G3BP1, G3BP2, Caprin1, and USP10, implicated in P body (PB) and stress granule (SG) function, and not previously known to bind DENV RNAs. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy showed these proteins to colocalize with the DENV replication complex. Moreover, DDX6 knockdown resulted in reduced amounts of infectious particles and viral RNA in tissue culture supernatants following DENV infection. DDX6 interacted with DENV RNA in vivo during infection and in vitro this interaction was mediated by the DB1 and DB2 structures in the 3' UTR, possibly by formation of a pseudoknot structure. Additional experiments demonstrate that, in contrast to DDX6, the SG proteins G3BP1, G3BP2, Caprin1 and USP10 bind to the variable region (VR) in the 3' UTR. These results suggest that the DENV-2 3' UTR is a site for assembly of PB and SG proteins and, for DDX6, assembly on the 3' UTR is required for DENV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Michael Ward
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
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Ler SG, Lee FK, Gopalakrishnakone P. Trends in detection of warfare agents. Detection methods for ricin, staphylococcal enterotoxin B and T-2 toxin. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1133:1-12. [PMID: 16996531 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2006] [Revised: 08/21/2006] [Accepted: 08/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
An overview of the different detection methods available for ricin, staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and T-2 toxin is presented here. These toxins are potential biological warfare agents (BWA). The aim of this review is not to cover all the papers that had been published but rather to give an overall picture of the trend in the detection methodologies for potential biological warfare agents as we do see the emerging threats from these three toxins. The advantages and disadvantages of each methodology as well as the detection limit will be reviewed. It seems that mass spectrometry has created a niche for analysis of proteinaceous toxins, ricin and SEB as well as molecular toxin, T-2 toxin given its high sensitivity, high selectivity, high specificity and capability to identify and quantify unknown agents simultaneously in a short time frame. But its main drawbacks are its sophisticated instrumentation and its high cost. Improvised immunoassay may be an alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siok Ghee Ler
- Venom and Toxin Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 4 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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