51
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Zhang L, Liu C, Wang H, Wu D, Su P, Wang M, Guo J, Zhao S, Dong S, Zhou W, Arakaki C, Zhang X, Zhou J. Thrombopoietin knock-in augments platelet generation from human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:194. [PMID: 30016991 PMCID: PMC6050740 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0926-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Refinement of therapeutic-scale platelet production in vitro will provide a new source for transfusion in patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiotherapy. However, procedures for cost-effective and scalable platelet generation remain to be established. Methods In this study, we established human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines containing knock-in of thrombopoietin (TPO) via CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing. The expression and secretion of TPO was detected by western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Then, we tested the potency for hematopoietic differentiation by coculturing the cells with mAGM-S3 cells and measured the generation of CD43+ and CD45+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). The potency for megakaryocytic differentiation and platelet generation of TPO knock-in hESCs were further detected by measuring the expression of CD41a and CD42b. The morphology and function of platelets were analyzed with electronic microscopy and aggregation assay. Results The TPO gene was successfully inserted into the AAVS1 locus of the hESC genome and two cell lines with stable TPO expression and secretion were established. TPO knock-in exerts minimal effects on pluripotency but enhances early hematopoiesis and generation of more HPCs. More importantly, upon its knock-in, TPO augments megakaryocytic differentiation and platelet generation. In addition, the platelets derived from hESCs in vitro are functionally and morphologically comparable to those found in peripheral blood. Furthermore, TPO knock-in can partially replace the large quantities of extrinsic TPO necessary for megakaryocytic differentiation and platelet generation. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that autonomous production of cytokines in hESCs may become a powerful approach for cost-effective and large-scale platelet generation in translational medicine. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-0926-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leisheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Cuicui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengge Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaojiao Guo
- School of Basic Medical Science and Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Shixuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuxu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Science and Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Cameron Arakaki
- Division of Regenerative Medicine MC 1528B, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11234 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Xiaobing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Division of Regenerative Medicine MC 1528B, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11234 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Jiaxi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China. .,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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52
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Genome editing by natural and engineered CRISPR-associated nucleases. Nat Chem Biol 2018; 14:642-651. [PMID: 29915237 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-018-0080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, research on distinct types of CRISPR systems has revealed many structural and functional variations. Recently, several novel types of single-polypeptide CRISPR-associated systems have been discovered including Cas12a/Cpf1 and Cas13a/C2c2. Despite distant similarities to Cas9, these additional systems have unique structural and functional features, providing new opportunities for genome editing applications. Here, relevant fundamental features of natural and engineered CRISPR-Cas variants are compared. Moreover, practical matters are discussed that are essential for dedicated genome editing applications, including nuclease regulation and delivery, target specificity, as well as host repair diversity.
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53
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Wen W, Cheng X, Fu Y, Meng F, Zhang JP, Zhang L, Li XL, Yang Z, Xu J, Zhang F, Botimer GD, Yuan W, Sun C, Cheng T, Zhang XB. High-Level Precise Knockin of iPSCs by Simultaneous Reprogramming and Genome Editing of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:1821-1834. [PMID: 29754960 PMCID: PMC5989814 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed an improved episomal vector system for efficient generation of integration-free induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. More recently, we reported that the use of an optimized CRISPR-Cas9 system together with a double-cut donor increases homology-directed repair-mediated precise gene knockin efficiency by 5- to 10-fold. Here, we report the integration of blood cell reprogramming and genome editing in a single step. We found that expression of Cas9 and KLF4 using a single vector significantly increases genome editing efficiency, and addition of SV40LT further enhances knockin efficiency. After these optimizations, genome editing efficiency of up to 40% in the bulk iPSC population can be achieved without any selection. Most of the edited cells show characteristics of iPSCs and genome integrity. Our improved approach, which integrates reprogramming and genome editing, should expedite both basic research and clinical applications of precision and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinxin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yawen Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China
| | - Feiying Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian-Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhixue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China
| | - Gary D Botimer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Weiping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China
| | - Changkai Sun
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; Research Center for the Control Engineering of Translational Precision Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Institute for Brain Disorders, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China; Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China; Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China; Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
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54
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Seamon KJ, Light YK, Saada EA, Schoeniger JS, Harmon B. Versatile High-Throughput Fluorescence Assay for Monitoring Cas9 Activity. Anal Chem 2018; 90:6913-6921. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J. Seamon
- Systems Biology Department, Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box
969, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Yooli K. Light
- Systems Biology Department, Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box
969, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Edwin A. Saada
- Systems Biology Department, Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box
969, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Joseph S. Schoeniger
- Systems Biology Department, Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box
969, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Brooke Harmon
- Systems Biology Department, Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box
969, Livermore, California 94550, United States
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55
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Morse NJ, Wagner JM, Reed KB, Gopal MR, Lauffer LH, Alper HS. T7 Polymerase Expression of Guide RNAs in vivo Allows Exportable CRISPR-Cas9 Editing in Multiple Yeast Hosts. ACS Synth Biol 2018; 7:1075-1084. [PMID: 29565571 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.7b00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Efficient guide RNA expression often limits CRISPR-Cas9 implementation in new hosts. To address this limitation in fungal systems, we demonstrate the utility of a T7 polymerase system to effectively express sgRNAs. Initially, we developed a methodology in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using a modified version of the T7 P266L mutant polymerase with an SV40 nuclear localization signal to allow guide RNA expression immediately downstream of a T7 promoter. To improve targeting efficiency, guide RNA design was found to be tolerant to three mismatches or up to three additional bases appended to the 5' end. The addition of three guanines to a T7-based guide RNA improved guide RNA expression 80-fold and achieved transcriptional output similar to the strong Pol III snr52 promoter. Resulting gene editing and dCas9-guided gene regulation with a T7-based guide RNA was on par with the commonly used snr52 system in S. cerevisiae. Finally, 96% and 60% genome editing efficiencies were achieved in Kluyveromyces lactis and Yarrowia lipolytica respectively with minimal optimization of this system. Thus, T7-based expression of sgRNAs offers an orthogonal method for implementing CRISPR systems in fungal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Morse
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , 200 E Dean Keeton Street Stop C0400 , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - James M Wagner
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , 200 E Dean Keeton Street Stop C0400 , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Kevin B Reed
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , 200 E Dean Keeton Street Stop C0400 , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Madan R Gopal
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , 200 E Dean Keeton Street Stop C0400 , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Lars H Lauffer
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , 200 E Dean Keeton Street Stop C0400 , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Hal S Alper
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , 200 E Dean Keeton Street Stop C0400 , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology , The University of Texas at Austin , 2500 Speedway Avenue , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
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56
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Lyu C, Shen J, Wang R, Gu H, Zhang J, Xue F, Liu X, Liu W, Fu R, Zhang L, Li H, Zhang X, Cheng T, Yang R, Zhang L. Targeted genome engineering in human induced pluripotent stem cells from patients with hemophilia B using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:92. [PMID: 29625575 PMCID: PMC5889534 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0839-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Replacement therapy for hemophilia remains a lifelong treatment. Only gene therapy can cure hemophilia at a fundamental level. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats–CRISPR associated nuclease 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) system is a versatile and convenient genome editing tool which can be applied to gene therapy for hemophilia. Methods A patient’s induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were generated from their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) using episomal vectors. The AAVS1-Cas9-sgRNA plasmid which targets the AAVS1 locus and the AAVS1-EF1α-F9 cDNA-puromycin donor plasmid were constructed, and they were electroporated into the iPSCs. When insertion of F9 cDNA into the AAVS1 locus was confirmed, whole genome sequencing (WGS) was carried out to detect the off-target issue. The iPSCs were then differentiated into hepatocytes, and human factor IX (hFIX) antigen and activity were measured in the culture supernatant. Finally, the hepatocytes were transplanted into non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency disease (NOD/SCID) mice through splenic injection. Results The patient’s iPSCs were generated from PBMNCs. Human full-length F9 cDNA was inserted into the AAVS1 locus of iPSCs of a hemophilia B patient using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. No off-target mutations were detected by WGS. The hepatocytes differentiated from the inserted iPSCs could secrete hFIX stably and had the ability to be transplanted into the NOD/SCID mice in the short term. Conclusions PBMNCs are good somatic cell choices for generating iPSCs from hemophilia patients. The iPSC technique is a good tool for genetic therapy for human hereditary diseases. CRISPR-Cas9 is versatile, convenient, and safe to be used in iPSCs with low off-target effects. Our research offers new approaches for clinical gene therapy for hemophilia. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-0839-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy of Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Department of Hematology, The First Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Jun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy of Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy of Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Haihui Gu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy of Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Feng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy of Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xiaofan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy of Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy of Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Rongfeng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy of Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Liyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy of Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Huiyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy of Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xiaobing Zhang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine MC1528B, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11234 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy of Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Renchi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy of Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy of Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China.
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57
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Wilson LOW, Reti D, O'Brien AR, Dunne RA, Bauer DC. High Activity Target-Site Identification Using Phenotypic Independent CRISPR-Cas9 Core Functionality. CRISPR J 2018; 1:182-190. [PMID: 31021206 DOI: 10.1089/crispr.2017.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of CRISPR-Cas9 target sites can be measured experimentally through phenotypic assays or mutation rate and used to build computational models to predict activity of novel target sites. However, currently published models have been reported to perform poorly in situations other than their training conditions. In this study, we hence investigate how different sources of data influence predictive power and identify the best data set for the most robust predictive model. We use the activity of 28,606 target sites and a machine learning approach to train a predictive model of CRISPR-Cas9 activity, outperforming other published methods by an average increase in accuracy of 80% for prediction of the degree of activity and 13% for classification into active and inactive categories. We find that using data sets that measure CRISPR-Cas9 activity through sequencing provides more accurate predictions of activity. Our model, dubbed TUSCAN, is highly scalable, predicting the activity of 5000 target sites in under 7 s, making it suitable for genome-wide screens. We conclude that sophisticated machine learning methods can classify binary CRISPR-Cas9 activity; however, predicting fine-scale activity scores will require larger data sets directly measuring Indel insertion rate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Reti
- 1 Health and Biosecurity, CSIRO , Sydney, Australia .,2 Faculty of Engineering, UNSW , Sydney, Australia
| | - Aidan R O'Brien
- 1 Health and Biosecurity, CSIRO , Sydney, Australia .,3 Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University , Canberra, Australia
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58
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Roggenkamp E, Giersch RM, Schrock MN, Turnquist E, Halloran M, Finnigan GC. Tuning CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Drives in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2018; 8:999-1018. [PMID: 29348295 PMCID: PMC5844318 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.300557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Control of biological populations is an ongoing challenge in many fields, including agriculture, biodiversity, ecological preservation, pest control, and the spread of disease. In some cases, such as insects that harbor human pathogens (e.g., malaria), elimination or reduction of a small number of species would have a dramatic impact across the globe. Given the recent discovery and development of the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology, a unique arrangement of this system, a nuclease-based "gene drive," allows for the super-Mendelian spread and forced propagation of a genetic element through a population. Recent studies have demonstrated the ability of a gene drive to rapidly spread within and nearly eliminate insect populations in a laboratory setting. While there are still ongoing technical challenges to design of a more optimal gene drive to be used in wild populations, there are still serious ecological and ethical concerns surrounding the nature of this powerful biological agent. Here, we use budding yeast as a safe and fully contained model system to explore mechanisms that might allow for programmed regulation of gene drive activity. We describe four conserved features of all CRISPR-based drives and demonstrate the ability of each drive component-Cas9 protein level, sgRNA identity, Cas9 nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, and novel Cas9-Cas9 tandem fusions-to modulate drive activity within a population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Roggenkamp
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
| | - Rachael M Giersch
- Department of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
| | - Madison N Schrock
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
- Department of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
| | - Emily Turnquist
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
| | - Megan Halloran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
| | - Gregory C Finnigan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
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59
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Christie KA, Courtney DG, DeDionisio LA, Shern CC, De Majumdar S, Mairs LC, Nesbit MA, Moore CBT. Towards personalised allele-specific CRISPR gene editing to treat autosomal dominant disorders. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16174. [PMID: 29170458 PMCID: PMC5701044 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16279-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 holds immense potential to treat a range of genetic disorders. Allele-specific gene disruption induced by non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) DNA repair offers a potential treatment option for autosomal dominant disease. Here, we successfully delivered a plasmid encoding S. pyogenes Cas9 and sgRNA to the corneal epithelium by intrastromal injection and acheived long-term knockdown of a corneal epithelial reporter gene, demonstrating gene disruption via NHEJ in vivo. In addition, we used TGFBI corneal dystrophies as a model of autosomal dominant disease to assess the use of CRISPR/Cas9 in two allele-specific systems, comparing cleavage using a SNP-derived PAM to a guide specific approach. In vitro, cleavage via a SNP-derived PAM was found to confer stringent allele-specific cleavage, while a guide-specific approach lacked the ability to distinguish between the wild-type and mutant alleles. The failings of the guide-specific approach highlights the necessity for meticulous guide design and assessment, as various degrees of allele-specificity are achieved depending on the guide sequence employed. A major concern for the use of CRISPR/Cas9 is its tendency to cleave DNA non-specifically at “off-target” sites. Confirmation that S. pyogenes Cas9 lacks the specificity to discriminate between alleles differing by a single base-pair regardless of the position in the guide is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Christie
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - David G Courtney
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA, UK
| | | | | | - Shyamasree De Majumdar
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Laura C Mairs
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - M Andrew Nesbit
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - C B Tara Moore
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA, UK. .,Avellino Laboratories, Menlo Park, California, CA, 94025, USA.
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60
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Xu L, Yang H, Gao Y, Chen Z, Xie L, Liu Y, Liu Y, Wang X, Li H, Lai W, He Y, Yao A, Ma L, Shao Y, Zhang B, Wang C, Chen H, Deng H. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated CCR5 Ablation in Human Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells Confers HIV-1 Resistance In Vivo. Mol Ther 2017; 25:1782-1789. [PMID: 28527722 PMCID: PMC5542791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) with a naturally occurring CCR5 mutation confers a loss of detectable HIV-1 in the patient, making ablation of the CCR5 gene in HSCs an ideal therapy for an HIV-1 cure. Although CCR5 disruption has been attempted in CD4+ T cells and hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), efficient gene editing with high specificity and long-term therapeutic potential remains a major challenge for clinical translation. Here, we established a CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system in human CD34+ HSPCs and achieved efficient CCR5 ablation evaluated in long-term reconstituted NOD/Prkdcscid/IL-2Rγnull mice. The CCR5 disruption efficiency in our system remained robust in secondary transplanted repopulating hematopoietic cells. More importantly, an HIV-1 resistance effect was observed as indicated by significant reduction of virus titration and enrichment of human CD4+ T cells. Hence, we successfully established a CRISPR/Cas9 mediated CCR5 ablating system in long-term HSCs, which confers HIV-1 resistance in vivo. Our study provides evidence for translating CCR5 gene-edited HSC transplantation for an HIV cure to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, 307 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100071, China; Cell and Gene Therapy Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Shenzhen Stem Cell Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, 307 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100071, China; Cell and Gene Therapy Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China; Department of Hematology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liangfu Xie
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yulin Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying Liu
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaobao Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hanwei Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Weifeng Lai
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuan He
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Anzhi Yao
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liying Ma
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yiming Shao
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, 307 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100071, China; Cell and Gene Therapy Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Chengyan Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hu Chen
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, 307 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100071, China; Cell and Gene Therapy Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Hongkui Deng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Shenzhen Stem Cell Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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61
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Xu X, Duan D, Chen SJ. CRISPR-Cas9 cleavage efficiency correlates strongly with target-sgRNA folding stability: from physical mechanism to off-target assessment. Sci Rep 2017; 7:143. [PMID: 28273945 PMCID: PMC5427927 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00180-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 complex, a bacterial immune response system, has been widely adopted for RNA-guided genome editing and transcription regulation in applications such as targeted genome modification and site-directed mutagenesis. However, the physical basis for its target specificity is not fully understood. In this study, based on a statistical mechanical analysis for the whole ensemble of sgRNA-target complex conformations, we identify a strong correlation between Cas9 cleavage efficiency and the stability of the DNA-RNA (R-loop) complex structures, with a Pearson correlation coefficient ranging from 0.775 to 0.886 for the tested systems. The finding leads to quantitative insights into important experimental results, such as the greater Cas9 tolerance to single-base mismatches in PAM-distal region than to PAM-proximal region and the high specificity and efficiency for shorter protospacers. Moreover, the results from the genome-wide off-target assessments, compared with other off-target scoring tools, indicate that the statistical mechanics-based approach provides more reliable off-target analyses and sgRNA design. To facilitate the genome engineering applications, a new web-based tool for genome-wide off-target assessment is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Xu
- Department of Physics, Department of Biochemistry, and Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Dongsheng Duan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; and Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Shi-Jie Chen
- Department of Physics, Department of Biochemistry, and Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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62
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Zhang JP, Li XL, Li GH, Chen W, Arakaki C, Botimer GD, Baylink D, Zhang L, Wen W, Fu YW, Xu J, Chun N, Yuan W, Cheng T, Zhang XB. Efficient precise knockin with a double cut HDR donor after CRISPR/Cas9-mediated double-stranded DNA cleavage. Genome Biol 2017; 18:35. [PMID: 28219395 PMCID: PMC5319046 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-017-1164-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Precise genome editing via homology-directed repair (HDR) after double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) cleavage facilitates functional genomic research and holds promise for gene therapy. However, HDR efficiency remains low in some cell types, including some of great research and clinical interest, such as human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Results Here, we show that a double cut HDR donor, which is flanked by single guide RNA (sgRNA)-PAM sequences and is released after CRISPR/Cas9 cleavage, increases HDR efficiency by twofold to fivefold relative to circular plasmid donors at one genomic locus in 293 T cells and two distinct genomic loci in iPSCs. We find that a 600 bp homology in both arms leads to high-level genome knockin, with 97–100% of the donor insertion events being mediated by HDR. The combined use of CCND1, a cyclin that functions in G1/S transition, and nocodazole, a G2/M phase synchronizer, doubles HDR efficiency to up to 30% in iPSCs. Conclusions Taken together, these findings provide guidance for the design of HDR donor vectors and the selection of HDR-enhancing factors for applications in genome research and precision medicine. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-017-1164-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Guo-Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Wanqiu Chen
- Division of Regenerative Medicine MC1528B, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11234 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Cameron Arakaki
- Division of Regenerative Medicine MC1528B, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11234 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Gary D Botimer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - David Baylink
- Division of Regenerative Medicine MC1528B, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11234 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Ya-Wen Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Noah Chun
- Division of Regenerative Medicine MC1528B, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11234 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Weiping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China. .,Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China. .,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China. .,Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Tianjin, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Blood Cell Therapy and Technology, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China. .,Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China. .,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China. .,Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China. .,Division of Regenerative Medicine MC1528B, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11234 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
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63
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Yang MG, West AE. Editing the Neuronal Genome: a CRISPR View of Chromatin Regulation in Neuronal Development, Function, and Plasticity. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 89:457-470. [PMID: 28018138 PMCID: PMC5168825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic orchestration of gene expression is crucial for the proper differentiation, function, and adaptation of cells. In the brain, transcriptional regulation underlies the incredible diversity of neuronal cell types and contributes to the ability of neurons to adapt their function to the environment. Recently, novel methods for genome and epigenome editing have begun to revolutionize our understanding of gene regulatory mechanisms. In particular, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system has proven to be a particularly accessible and adaptable technique for genome engineering. Here, we review the use of CRISPR/Cas9 in neurobiology and discuss how these studies have advanced understanding of nervous system development and plasticity. We cover four especially salient applications of CRISPR/Cas9: testing the consequences of enhancer mutations, tagging genes and gene products for visualization in live cells, directly activating or repressing enhancers in vivo, and manipulating the epigenome. In each case, we summarize findings from recent studies and discuss evolving adaptations of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne E. West
- Anne West, Department of Neurobiology, DUMC Box 3209, 311 Research Drive, Bryan Research 301D, Durham, NC 27710, Phone: 919-681-1909, Fax: 919-668-4431,
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