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Musante I, Scudieri P, Venturini A, Guidone D, Caci E, Castellani S, Conese M, Galietta LJV. Peripheral localization of the epithelial sodium channel in the apical membrane of bronchial epithelial cells. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:866-875. [PMID: 30924990 DOI: 10.1113/ep087590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What is the precise subcellular localization of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in human airway epithelium? What is the main finding and its importance? ENaC protein has an unexpected localization in the peripheral region of the apical membrane of bronchial epithelial cells, very close to tight junctions. This may be important for the mechanism of Na+ absorption ABSTRACT: The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) has a key role in absorbing fluid across the human airway epithelium. Altered activity of ENaC may perturb the process of mucociliary clearance, thus impairing the innate defence mechanisms against microbial agents. The proteins forming ENaC are present on the apical membrane of the epithelium. However, their precise localization is unknown. In the present study, we used two antibodies recognizing the α and β ENaC subunits. Both antibodies revealed a restricted localization of ENaC in the peripheral region of the apical membrane of cultured bronchial epithelial cells, close to but not overlapping with tight junctions. In contrast, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator chloride channel was more diffusely expressed on the whole apical membrane. Modulation of ENaC activity by aprotinin or elastase resulted in a decrease or increase in the peripheral localization, respectively. Our results suggest that sodium absorption is mainly occurring close to tight junctions where this cation may be rapidly expelled by the Na+ /K+ pump present in lateral membranes. This arrangement of channels and pumps may limit Na+ build-up in other regions of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Musante
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Paolo Scudieri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Arianna Venturini
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Daniela Guidone
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Emanuela Caci
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Stefano Castellani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Massimo Conese
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Luis J V Galietta
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DISMET), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Rossi GA, Morelli P, Galietta LJ, Colin AA. Airway microenvironment alterations and pathogen growth in cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2019; 54:497-506. [PMID: 30620146 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator (CFTR) dysfunction is associated with epithelial cell vulnerability and with dysregulation of the local inflammatory responses resulting in excessive airway neutrophilic inflammation and pathogen growth. In combination with impaired mucociliary clearance, and dysregulation of defense function, bacterial infection follows with eventual airway damage and remodeling. Because of these inherent vulnerabilities, viral infections are also more severe and prolonged and appear to render the airway even more prone to bacterial infection. Airway acidity, deficient nitric oxide production and increased iron concentrations, further enhance the airway milieu's susceptibility to infection. Novel diagnostic techniques of the airway microbiome elucidate the coexistence of an array of non-virulent taxa beyond the recognized virulent organisms, predominantly Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The complex interplay between these two bacterial populations, including upregulation of virulence genes and utilization of mucin as a nutrient source, modulates the action of pathogens, modifies the CF airway milieu and contributes to the processes leading to airway derangement. The review provides an update on recent advances of the complex mechanisms that render the CF airway vulnerable to inflammation, infection and ultimately structural damage, the key pathogenetic elements of CF. The recent contributions on CF pathogenesis will hopefully help in identifying new prophylactic measures and therapeutic targets for this highly destructive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni A Rossi
- Department of Pediatrics, Pulmonary and Allergy Disease Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Genoa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Morelli
- Microbiology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luis J Galietta
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Andrew A Colin
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
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Miner K, Labitzke K, Liu B, Wang P, Henckels K, Gaida K, Elliott R, Chen JJ, Liu L, Leith A, Trueblood E, Hensley K, Xia XZ, Homann O, Bennett B, Fiorino M, Whoriskey J, Yu G, Escobar S, Wong M, Born TL, Budelsky A, Comeau M, Smith D, Phillips J, Johnston JA, McGivern JG, Weikl K, Powers D, Kunzelmann K, Mohn D, Hochheimer A, Sullivan JK. Drug Repurposing: The Anthelmintics Niclosamide and Nitazoxanide Are Potent TMEM16A Antagonists That Fully Bronchodilate Airways. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:51. [PMID: 30837866 PMCID: PMC6382696 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an unmet need in severe asthma where approximately 40% of patients exhibit poor β-agonist responsiveness, suffer daily symptoms and show frequent exacerbations. Antagonists of the Ca2+-activated Cl- channel, TMEM16A, offers a new mechanism to bronchodilate airways and block the multiple contractiles operating in severe disease. To identify TMEM16A antagonists we screened a library of ∼580,000 compounds. The anthelmintics niclosamide, nitazoxanide, and related compounds were identified as potent TMEM16A antagonists that blocked airway smooth muscle depolarization and contraction. To evaluate whether TMEM16A antagonists resist use- and inflammatory-desensitization pathways limiting β-agonist action, we tested their efficacy under harsh conditions using maximally contracted airways or airways pretreated with a cytokine cocktail. Stunningly, TMEM16A antagonists fully bronchodilated airways, while the β-agonist isoproterenol showed only partial effects. Thus, antagonists of TMEM16A and repositioning of niclosamide and nitazoxanide represent an important additional treatment for patients with severe asthma and COPD that is poorly controlled with existing therapies. It is of note that drug repurposing has also attracted wide interest in niclosamide and nitazoxanide as a new treatment for cancer and infectious disease. For the first time we identify TMEM16A as a molecular target for these drugs and thus provide fresh insights into their mechanism for the treatment of these disorders in addition to respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent Miner
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - Katja Labitzke
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., Regensburg, Germany
| | - Benxian Liu
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - Paul Wang
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - Kathryn Henckels
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - Kevin Gaida
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - Robin Elliott
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - Jian Jeffrey Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - Longbin Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - Anh Leith
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Esther Trueblood
- Department of Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
- Department of Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kelly Hensley
- Department of Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
- Department of Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Xing-Zhong Xia
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - Oliver Homann
- Genome Analysis Unit, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Brian Bennett
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - Mike Fiorino
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - John Whoriskey
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - Gang Yu
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - Sabine Escobar
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Min Wong
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - Teresa L. Born
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Alison Budelsky
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Mike Comeau
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Dirk Smith
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jonathan Phillips
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - James A. Johnston
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - Joseph G. McGivern
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - Kerstin Weikl
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., Regensburg, Germany
| | - David Powers
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Deanna Mohn
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | | | - John K. Sullivan
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
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Interleukin-Mediated Pendrin Transcriptional Regulation in Airway and Esophageal Epithelia. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030731. [PMID: 30744098 PMCID: PMC6386862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pendrin (SLC26A4), a Cl−/anion exchanger, is expressed at high levels in kidney, thyroid, and inner ear epithelia, where it has an essential role in bicarbonate secretion/chloride reabsorption, iodide accumulation, and endolymph ion balance, respectively. Pendrin is expressed at lower levels in other tissues, such as airways and esophageal epithelia, where it is transcriptionally regulated by the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 through a signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6)-mediated pathway. In the airway epithelium, increased pendrin expression during inflammatory diseases leads to imbalances in airway surface liquid thickness and mucin release, while, in the esophageal epithelium, dysregulated pendrin expression is supposed to impact the intracellular pH regulation system. In this review, we discuss some of the recent findings on interleukin-mediated transcriptional regulation of pendrin and how this dysregulation impacts airway and esophagus epithelial homeostasis during inflammatory diseases.
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Benedetto R, Cabrita I, Schreiber R, Kunzelmann K. TMEM16A is indispensable for basal mucus secretion in airways and intestine. FASEB J 2018; 33:4502-4512. [PMID: 30586313 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801333rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Transmembrane member 16A (TMEM16A) is the Ca2+-activated chloride channel in airways and intestine. It has been associated with goblet cell metaplasia, as expression of TMEM16A is strongly up-regulated in cystic fibrosis and asthma during mucus hypersecretion. However, the possible role of TMEM16A for mucus production or mucus secretion remains obscure, and whether TMEM16A controls the function of intestinal goblet cells is entirely unknown. Basal mucus secretion in lungs occurs through low levels of ATP in the airway surface liquid. Here, we report for the first time that TMEM16A is essential for basal secretion of mucus in airways and intestine. Airway-ciliated and intestinal epithelial-specific knockout of TMEM16A ( TMEM16Aflox/floxFoxJ1, TMEM16Aflox/floxVil1) leads to accumulation of mucus in airway club (Clara) cells and intestinal goblet cells, respectively. Acute ATP-induced mucus secretion by airway club cells is inhibited when TMEM16A is knocked out in ciliated cells, possibly as a result of compromised release of prosecretory cytokines. Knockdown or inhibition of TMEM16A in human Calu3 airway epithelial cells indicates compromised IL-8 release. In intestinal goblet cells lacking expression of TMEM16A, mucus accumulates as a result of compromised ATP-induced secretion. In contrast, cholinergic mucus secretion by compound exocytosis is independent of TMEM16A. The data demonstrate a previously unrecognized role of TMEM16A for membrane exocytosis and describe a novel, ATP-driven pathway for intestinal mucus secretion. We conclude that ATP-dependent mucus secretion in both airways and intestine requires TMEM16A. The present results may form the basis for a novel, therapeutic approach for the treatment of mucus hypersecretion in inflammatory airway and intestinal disease.-Benedetto, R., Cabrita, I., Schreiber, R., Kunzelmann, K. TMEM16A is indispensable for basal mucus secretion in airways and intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Benedetto
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Inês Cabrita
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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56
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Hargrove MM, McGee JK, Gibbs-Flournoy EA, Wood CE, Kim YH, Gilmour MI, Gavett SH. Source-apportioned coarse particulate matter exacerbates allergic airway responses in mice. Inhal Toxicol 2018; 30:405-415. [PMID: 30516399 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2018.1542047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to coarse particulate matter (PM) is associated with lung inflammation and exacerbation of respiratory symptoms in sensitive populations, but the degree to which specific emission sources contribute to these effects is unclear. We examined whether coarse PM samples enriched with diverse sources differentially exacerbate allergic airway responses. Coarse PM was collected weekly (7/2009-6/2010) from urban (G.T. Craig [GTC]) and rural (Chippewa Lake Monitor [CLM]) sites in the Cleveland, Ohio area. Source apportionment results were used to pool GTC filter PM extracts into five samples dominated by traffic, coal, steel (two samples), or road salt sources. Five CLM samples were prepared from corresponding weeks. Control non-allergic and house dust mite (HDM)-allergic Balb/cJ mice were exposed by oropharyngeal aspiration to 100 μg coarse GTC or CLM, control filter extract, or saline only, and responses were examined 2 d after PM exposures. In allergic mice, CLM traffic, CLM road salt and all GTC samples except steel-1 significantly increased airway responsiveness to methacholine (MCh) compared with control treatments. In non-allergic mice, CLM traffic, CLM steel-2 and all GTC samples except coal significantly increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) neutrophils, while only CLM traffic PM increased eosinophils in allergic mice. In non-allergic mice, CLM coal PM increased BALF interleukin (IL)-13 and GTC steel-1 PM increased TNF-α levels. These results demonstrate that equal masses of GTC and CLM coarse PM enriched with a variety of sources exacerbate allergic airway disease. Greater PM concentrations at the urban GTC site signify a greater potential for human health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie McGee Hargrove
- a Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - John K McGee
- b Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | | | - Charles E Wood
- b Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- c National Research Council , Washington , DC , USA
| | - M Ian Gilmour
- b Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Stephen H Gavett
- b Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
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57
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Scudieri P, Musante I, Caci E, Venturini A, Morelli P, Walter C, Tosi D, Palleschi A, Martin-Vasallo P, Sermet-Gaudelus I, Planelles G, Crambert G, Galietta LJ. Increased expression of ATP12A proton pump in cystic fibrosis airways. JCI Insight 2018; 3:123616. [PMID: 30333310 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.123616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton secretion mediated by ATP12A protein on the surface of the airway epithelium may contribute to cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease by favoring bacterial infection and airway obstruction. We studied ATP12A in fresh bronchial samples and in cultured epithelial cells. In vivo, ATP12A expression was found almost exclusively at the apical side of nonciliated cells of airway epithelium and in submucosal glands, with much higher expression in CF samples. This could be due to bacterial infection and inflammation, since treating cultured cells with bacterial supernatants or with IL-4 (a cytokine that induces goblet cell hyperplasia) increased the expression of ATP12A in nonciliated cells. This observation was associated with upregulation and translocation of ATP1B1 protein from the basal to apical epithelial side, where it colocalizes with ATP12A. ATP12A function was evaluated by measuring the pH of the apical fluid in cultured epithelia. Under resting conditions, CF epithelia showed more acidic values. This abnormality was minimized by inhibiting ATP12A with ouabain. Following treatment with IL-4, ATP12A function was markedly increased, as indicated by strong acidification occurring under bicarbonate-free conditions. Our study reveals potentially novel aspects of ATP12A and remarks its importance as a possible therapeutic target in CF and other respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Scudieri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli NA, Italy
| | - Ilaria Musante
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli NA, Italy
| | - Emanuela Caci
- U.O.C. Genetica Medica, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Arianna Venturini
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli NA, Italy
| | - Patrizia Morelli
- U.O.C. Laboratorio Analisi, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Christine Walter
- CNRS ERL 8228 - Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers - Laboratoire de Métabolisme et Physiologie Rénale, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Davide Tosi
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Palleschi
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Pablo Martin-Vasallo
- UD de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Gabrielle Planelles
- CNRS ERL 8228 - Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers - Laboratoire de Métabolisme et Physiologie Rénale, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Crambert
- CNRS ERL 8228 - Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers - Laboratoire de Métabolisme et Physiologie Rénale, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Luis Jv Galietta
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli NA, Italy
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58
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Alaiwa MHA, Launspach JL, Grogan B, Carter S, Zabner J, Stoltz DA, Singh PK, McKone EF, Welsh MJ. Ivacaftor-induced sweat chloride reductions correlate with increases in airway surface liquid pH in cystic fibrosis. JCI Insight 2018; 3:121468. [PMID: 30089726 PMCID: PMC6129116 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.121468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disruption of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) anion channel function causes cystic fibrosis (CF), and lung disease produces most of the mortality. Loss of CFTR-mediated HCO3- secretion reduces the pH of airway surface liquid (ASL) in vitro and in neonatal humans and pigs in vivo. However, we previously found that, in older children and adults, ASL pH does not differ between CF and non-CF. Here, we tested whether the pH of CF ASL increases with time after birth. Finding that it did suggested that adaptations by CF airways increase ASL pH. This conjecture predicted that increasing CFTR activity in CF airways would further increase ASL pH and also that increasing CFTR activity would correlate with increases in ASL pH. METHODS To test for longitudinal changes, we measured ASL pH in newborns and then at 3-month intervals. We also studied people with CF (bearing G551D or R117H mutations), in whom we could acutely stimulate CFTR activity with ivacaftor. To gauge changes in CFTR activity, we measured changes in sweat Cl- concentration immediately before and 48 hours after starting ivacaftor. RESULTS Compared with that in the newborn period, ASL pH increased by 6 months of age. In people with CF bearing G551D or R117H mutations, ivacaftor did not change the average ASL pH; however reductions in sweat Cl- concentration correlated with elevations of ASL pH. Reductions in sweat Cl- concentration also correlated with improvements in pulmonary function. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that CFTR-independent mechanisms increase ASL pH in people with CF. We speculate that CF airway disease, which begins soon after birth, is responsible for the adaptation. FUNDING Vertex Inc., the NIH (P30DK089507, 1K08HL135433, HL091842, HL136813, K24HL102246), the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (SINGH17A0 and SINGH15R0), and the Burroughs Wellcome Fund.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud H. Abou Alaiwa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jan L. Launspach
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Brenda Grogan
- National Referral Centre for Adult Cystic Fibrosis, St. Vincent’s University Hospital and University College Dublin School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Suzanne Carter
- National Referral Centre for Adult Cystic Fibrosis, St. Vincent’s University Hospital and University College Dublin School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joseph Zabner
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - David A. Stoltz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Pradeep K. Singh
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Edward F. McKone
- National Referral Centre for Adult Cystic Fibrosis, St. Vincent’s University Hospital and University College Dublin School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael J. Welsh
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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59
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Atanasova KR, Reznikov LR. Neuropeptides in asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cystic fibrosis. Respir Res 2018; 19:149. [PMID: 30081920 PMCID: PMC6090699 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0846-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The nervous system mediates key airway protective behaviors, including cough, mucus secretion, and airway smooth muscle contraction. Thus, its involvement and potential involvement in several airway diseases has become increasingly recognized. In the current review, we focus on the contribution of select neuropeptides in three distinct airway diseases: asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis. We present data on some well-studied neuropeptides, as well as call attention to a few that have not received much consideration. Because mucus hypersecretion and mucus obstruction are common features of many airway diseases, we place special emphasis on the contribution of neuropeptides to mucus secretion. Finally, we highlight evidence implicating involvement of neuropeptides in mucus phenotypes in asthma, COPD and cystic fibrosis, as well as bring to light knowledge that is still lacking in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalina R Atanasova
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 1333 Center Drive, PO Box 100144, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Leah R Reznikov
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 1333 Center Drive, PO Box 100144, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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60
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Strug LJ, Stephenson AL, Panjwani N, Harris A. Recent advances in developing therapeutics for cystic fibrosis. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 27:R173-R186. [PMID: 30060192 PMCID: PMC6061831 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite hope that a cure was imminent when the causative gene was cloned nearly 30 years ago, cystic fibrosis (CF [MIM: 219700]) remains a life-shortening disease affecting more than 70 000 individuals worldwide. However, within the last 6 years the Food and Drug Administration's approval of Ivacaftor, the first drug that corrects the defective cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein [CFTR (MIM: 602421)] in patients with the G551D mutation, marks a watershed in the development of novel therapeutics for this devastating disease. Here we review recent progress in diverse research areas, which all focus on curing CF at the genetic, biochemical or physiological level. In the near future it seems probable that development of mutation-specific therapies will be the focus, since it is unlikely that any one approach will be efficient in correcting the more than 2000 disease-associated variants. We discuss the new drugs and combinations of drugs that either enhance delivery of misfolded CFTR protein to the cell membrane, where it functions as an ion channel, or that activate channel opening. Next we consider approaches to correct the causative genetic lesion at the DNA or RNA level, through repressing stop mutations and nonsense-mediated decay, modulating splice mutations, fixing errors by gene editing or using novel routes to gene replacement. Finally, we explore how modifier genes, loci elsewhere in the genome that modify CF disease severity, may be used to restore a normal phenotype. Progress in all of these areas has been dramatic, generating enthusiasm that CF may soon become a broadly treatable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Strug
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anne L Stephenson
- Department of Respirology, Adult Cystic Fibrosis Program, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Naim Panjwani
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ann Harris
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Guo C, Buckley A, Marczylo T, Seiffert J, Römer I, Warren J, Hodgson A, Chung KF, Gant TW, Smith R, Leonard MO. The small airway epithelium as a target for the adverse pulmonary effects of silver nanoparticle inhalation. Nanotoxicology 2018; 12:539-553. [PMID: 29750584 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1465140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Experimental modeling to identify specific inhalation hazards for nanomaterials has in the main focused on in vivo approaches. However, these models suffer from uncertainties surrounding species-specific differences and cellular targets for biologic response. In terms of pulmonary exposure, approaches which combine 'inhalation-like' nanoparticulate aerosol deposition with relevant human cell and tissue air-liquid interface cultures are considered an important complement to in vivo work. In this study, we utilized such a model system to build on previous results from in vivo exposures, which highlighted the small airway epithelium as a target for silver nanoparticle (AgNP) deposition. RNA-SEQ was used to characterize alterations in mRNA and miRNA within the lung. Organotypic-reconstituted 3D human primary small airway epithelial cell cultures (SmallAir) were exposed to the same spark-generated AgNP and at the same dose used in vivo, in an aerosol-exposure air-liquid interface (AE-ALI) system. Adverse effects were characterized using lactate, LDH release and alterations in mRNA and miRNA. Modest toxicological effects were paralleled by significant regulation in gene expression, reflective mainly of specific inflammatory events. Importantly, there was a level of concordance between gene expression changes observed in vitro and in vivo. We also observed a significant correlation between AgNP and mass equivalent silver ion (Ag+) induced transcriptional changes in SmallAir cultures. In addition to key mechanistic information relevant for our understanding of the potential health risks associated with AgNP inhalation exposure, this work further highlights the small airway epithelium as an important target for adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Guo
- a Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Oxfordshire , UK.,b The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards at King's College London in partnership with Public Health England (PHE) in collaboration with Imperial College London , London , UK
| | - Alison Buckley
- a Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Oxfordshire , UK.,b The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards at King's College London in partnership with Public Health England (PHE) in collaboration with Imperial College London , London , UK
| | - Tim Marczylo
- a Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Oxfordshire , UK.,b The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards at King's College London in partnership with Public Health England (PHE) in collaboration with Imperial College London , London , UK
| | - Joanna Seiffert
- c Airways Disease, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College , London , UK
| | - Isabella Römer
- a Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Oxfordshire , UK.,b The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards at King's College London in partnership with Public Health England (PHE) in collaboration with Imperial College London , London , UK
| | - James Warren
- a Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Oxfordshire , UK
| | - Alan Hodgson
- a Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Oxfordshire , UK
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- c Airways Disease, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College , London , UK
| | - Timothy W Gant
- a Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Oxfordshire , UK.,b The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards at King's College London in partnership with Public Health England (PHE) in collaboration with Imperial College London , London , UK
| | - Rachel Smith
- a Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Oxfordshire , UK.,b The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards at King's College London in partnership with Public Health England (PHE) in collaboration with Imperial College London , London , UK
| | - Martin O Leonard
- a Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Oxfordshire , UK.,b The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards at King's College London in partnership with Public Health England (PHE) in collaboration with Imperial College London , London , UK
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Huang J, Kim D, Shan J, Abu‐Arish A, Luo Y, Hanrahan JW. Most bicarbonate secretion by Calu-3 cells is mediated by CFTR and independent of pendrin. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13641. [PMID: 29536650 PMCID: PMC5849580 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bicarbonate plays an important role in airway host defense, however, its transport mechanisms remain uncertain. Here we examined the relative contributions of the anion channel CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, ABCC7) and the anion exchanger pendrin (SLC26A4) to HCO3- secretion by the human airway cell line Calu-3. Pendrin and CFTR were both detected in parental Calu-3 cells, although mRNA and protein expression appeared higher for CFTR than for pendrin. Targeting pendrin transcripts with lentiviral shRNA reduced pendrin detection by immunofluorescence staining but did not alter the rates of HCO3- or fluid secretion, HCO3- transport under pH-stat conditions, or net HCO3- flux across basolaterally permeabilized monolayers. Intracellular pH varied with step changes in apical Cl- and HCO3- concentrations in control and pendrin knockdown Calu-3 cells, but not in CFTR deficient cells. Exposure to the proinflammatory cytokine IL-4, which strongly upregulates pendrin expression in airway surface epithelia, had little effect on Calu-3 pendrin expression and did not alter fluid or HCO3- secretion. Similar results were obtained using air-liquid interface and submerged cultures, although CFTR and pendrin mRNA expression were both lower when cells were cultured under submerged conditions. While the conclusions cannot be extrapolated to other airway epithelia, the present results demonstrate that most HCO3- secretion by Calu-3 cells is mediated by CFTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Huang
- Department of PhysiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQuébecCanada
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research CenterMcGill UniversityMontréalQuébecCanada
- Present address:
AbbVie Bioresearch CenterAbbVie Inc.381 Plantation St.WorcesterMA01605
| | - Dusik Kim
- Department of PhysiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQuébecCanada
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research CenterMcGill UniversityMontréalQuébecCanada
| | - Jiajie Shan
- Department of PhysiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQuébecCanada
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research CenterMcGill UniversityMontréalQuébecCanada
- Present address:
School of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou University TownPanyu DistrictGuangzhouChina
| | - Asmahan Abu‐Arish
- Department of PhysiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQuébecCanada
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research CenterMcGill UniversityMontréalQuébecCanada
| | - Yishan Luo
- Department of PhysiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQuébecCanada
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research CenterMcGill UniversityMontréalQuébecCanada
| | - John W. Hanrahan
- Department of PhysiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQuébecCanada
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research CenterMcGill UniversityMontréalQuébecCanada
- Research Institute‐McGill University Health CentreMontréalQuébecCanada
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Yin J, Tse CM, Avula LR, Singh V, Foulke-Abel J, de Jonge HR, Donowitz M. Molecular Basis and Differentiation-Associated Alterations of Anion Secretion in Human Duodenal Enteroid Monolayers. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 5:591-609. [PMID: 29930980 PMCID: PMC6009799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Human enteroids present a novel tool to study human intestinal ion transport physiology and pathophysiology. The present study describes the contributions of Cl- and HCO3- secretion to total cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-stimulated electrogenic anion secretion in human duodenal enteroid monolayers and the relevant changes after differentiation. METHODS Human duodenal enteroids derived from 4 donors were grown as monolayers and differentiated by a protocol that includes the removal of Wnt3A, R-spondin1, and SB202190 for 5 days. The messenger RNA level and protein expression of selected ion transporters and carbonic anhydrase isoforms were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting, respectively. Undifferentiated and differentiated enteroid monolayers were mounted in the Ussing chamber/voltage-current clamp apparatus, using solutions that contained as well as lacked Cl- and HCO3-/CO2, to determine the magnitude of forskolin-induced short-circuit current change and its sensitivity to specific inhibitors that target selected ion transporters and carbonic anhydrase(s). RESULTS Differentiation resulted in a significant reduction in the messenger RNA level and protein expression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, (CFTR) Na+/K+/2Cl- co-transporter 1 (NKCC1), and potassium channel, voltage gated, subfamily E, regulatory subunit 3 (KCNE3); and, conversely, increase of down-regulated-in-adenoma (DRA), electrogenic Na+/HCO3- co-transporter 1 (NBCe1), carbonic anhydrase 2 (CA2), and carbonic anhydrase 4 (CA4). Both undifferentiated and differentiated enteroids showed active cAMP-stimulated anion secretion that included both Cl- and HCO3- secretion as the magnitude of total active anion secretion was reduced after the removal of extracellular Cl- or HCO3-/CO2. The magnitude of total anion secretion in differentiated enteroids was approximately 33% of that in undifferentiated enteroids, primarily owing to the reduction in Cl- secretion with no significant change in HCO3- secretion. Anion secretion was consistently lower but detectable in differentiated enteroids compared with undifferentiated enteroids in the absence of extracellular Cl- or HCO3-/CO2. Inhibiting CFTR, NKCC1, carbonic anhydrase(s), cAMP-activated K+ channel(s), and Na+/K+-adenosine triphosphatase reduced cAMP-stimulated anion secretion in both undifferentiated and differentiated enteroids. CONCLUSIONS Human enteroids recapitulate anion secretion physiology of small intestinal epithelium. Enteroid differentiation is associated with significant alterations in the expression of several ion transporters and carbonic anhydrase isoforms, leading to a reduced but preserved anion secretory phenotype owing to markedly reduced Cl- secretion but no significant change in HCO3- secretion.
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Key Words
- AE2, anion exchanger 2
- Bicarbonate Secretion
- CA, carbonic anhydrase
- CFTR, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
- Chloride Secretion
- DRA
- DRA, down-regulated-in-adenoma
- Ion Transport
- Isc, short-circuit current
- KRB, Krebs–Ringer bicarbonate
- NBC, Na+/HCO3- co-transporter
- NBCe1, electrogenic Na+/HCO3- co-transporter 1
- NHE, Na+/H+ exchanger
- NKCC1, Na+/K+/2Cl- co-transporter 1
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- SITS, 4-Acetamido-4′-isothiocyanato-2,2′-stilbenedisulfonic acid disodium salt hydrate
- TER, transepithelial electrical resistance
- cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate
- mRNA, messenger ribonucleic acid
- qRT-PCR, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction
- ΔIsc, change in short-circuit current
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyi Yin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chung-Ming Tse
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Leela Rani Avula
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Varsha Singh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jennifer Foulke-Abel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hugo R. de Jonge
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Donowitz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland,Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Mark Donowitz, MD, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, 925 Ross Research Building, Baltimore, Maryland 21205. fax: (410) 955-9677.
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ATP12A promotes mucus dysfunction during Type 2 airway inflammation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2109. [PMID: 29391451 PMCID: PMC5794982 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20444-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic airway disease is known to cause significant morbidity due to impaired mucociliary clearance, however the mechanism that leads to the mucus dysfunction is not entirely understood. Interleukin 13 (IL-13), a key mediator of Type 2 (T2) inflammation, profoundly alters the ion transport properties of airway epithelium. However, these electrophysiological changes cannot explain the thick, tenacious airway mucus that characterizes the clinical phenotype. Here we report that IL-13 dramatically increases the airway surface liquid (ASL) viscosity in cultured primary human bronchial epithelial cells and thereby inhibits mucus clearance. These detrimental rheological changes require ATP12A, a non-gastric H+/K+-ATPase that secretes protons into the ASL. ATP12A knockdown or inhibition prevented the IL-13 dependent increase in ASL viscosity but did not alter the ASL pH. We propose that ATP12A promotes airway mucus dysfunction in individuals with T2 inflammatory airway diseases and that ATP12A may be a novel therapeutic target to improve mucus clearance.
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Mucins, Mucus, and Goblet Cells. Chest 2017; 154:169-176. [PMID: 29170036 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory epithelium is lined by mucus, a gel consisting of water, ions, proteins, and macromolecules. The major macromolecular components of mucus are the mucin glycoproteins, which are critical for local defense of the airway. There are three classes of mucins in the airways: those that are secreted but do not polymerize (MUC7), those that are secreted and polymerize to form gels (MUC5AC, MUC5B), and those that have transmembrane domains and are cell surface associated (MUC1, MUC4, MUC16, MUC20). The mucins are regulated at the transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and epigenetic levels, and posttranslational modifications play an important role in mucin binding and clearance of microbes and pollutants. The development of mice deficient in specific mucins, and the cystic fibrosis pig, has greatly advanced our understanding of the role of mucins as innate immune mediators and how mucins and mucus contribute to lung disease. These observations suggest new strategies to ameliorate mucus obstruction by targeting mucociliary clearance and mucin hyperconcentration. Furthermore, a polymorphism in the promoter of MUC5B is strongly associated with risk of developing pulmonary fibrosis, supporting a novel function for MUC5B to influence interstitial lung disease. Exciting new data support the concept not only that mucins and mucus are important for lung homeostasis and protection from environmental threats but also that goblet cells play an important role as regulators of innate immune function. These insights into the innate immune properties of mucins and goblet cells support a shift from the current paradigm of repressing increased mucin expression to targeting regulation of specific mucins and the abnormal airway milieu.
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Li H, Salomon JJ, Sheppard DN, Mall MA, Galietta LJ. Bypassing CFTR dysfunction in cystic fibrosis with alternative pathways for anion transport. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2017; 34:91-97. [PMID: 29065356 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
One therapeutic strategy for cystic fibrosis (CF) seeks to restore anion transport to affected epithelia by targeting other apical membrane Cl- channels to bypass dysfunction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl- channel. The properties and regulation of the Ca2+-activated Cl- channel TMEM16A argue that long-acting small molecules which target directly TMEM16A are required to overcome CFTR loss. Through genetic studies of lung diseases, SLC26A9, a member of the solute carrier 26 family of anion transporters, has emerged as a promising target to bypass CFTR dysfunction. An alternative strategy to circumvent CFTR dysfunction is to deliver to CF epithelia artificial anion transporters that shuttle Cl- across the apical membrane. Recently, powerful, non-toxic, biologically-active artificial anion transporters have emerged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Li
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Johanna J Salomon
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David N Sheppard
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luis Jv Galietta
- Telethon Institute for Genetics and Medicine (Tigem), Pozzuoli, Italy.
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MicroRNA-9 downregulates the ANO1 chloride channel and contributes to cystic fibrosis lung pathology. Nat Commun 2017; 8:710. [PMID: 28955034 PMCID: PMC5617894 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00813-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis results from reduced cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein activity leading to defective epithelial ion transport. Ca2+-activated Cl− channels mediate physiological functions independently of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. Anoctamin 1 (ANO1/TMEM16A) was identified as the major Ca2+-activated Cl− channel in airway epithelial cells, and we recently demonstrated that downregulation of the anoctamin 1 channel in cystic fibrosis patients contributes to disease severity via an unknown mechanism. Here we show that microRNA-9 (miR-9) contributes to cystic fibrosis and downregulates anoctamin 1 by directly targeting its 3′UTR. We present a potential therapy based on blockage of miR-9 binding to the 3′UTR by using a microRNA target site blocker to increase anoctamin 1 activity and thus compensate for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator deficiency. The target site blocker is tested in in vitro and in mouse models of cystic fibrosis, and could be considered as an alternative strategy to treat cystic fibrosis. Downregulation of the anoctamin 1 calcium channel in airway epithelial cells contributes to pathology in cystic fibrosis. Here the authors show that microRNA-9 targets anoctamin 1 and that inhibiting this interaction improves mucus dynamics in mouse models.
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Quinton PM. Both Ways at Once: Keeping Small Airways Clean. Physiology (Bethesda) 2017; 32:380-390. [DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00013.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The small airways of the lungs are under constant assault from the pathogens and debris in the air that they must conduct to alveoli. Although hygiene is of paramount importance for respiratory health, the underlying principles of airway clearance have not been well integrated or established. Newly emerging concepts of simultaneous absorption and secretion of airway surface liquid (ASL) and the role of [Formula: see text] in the maturation of mucins have advanced from experimental evidence as well as observations from the congenital disease cystic fibrosis (CF) to present a novel model that integrates microanatomy with organ physiology to meet the constant challenge of cleaning small airways.
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Ta CM, Acheson KE, Rorsman NJG, Jongkind RC, Tammaro P. Contrasting effects of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate on cloned TMEM16A and TMEM16B channels. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:2984-2999. [PMID: 28616863 PMCID: PMC5573538 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Ca2+‐activated Cl− channels (CaCCs) are gated open by a rise in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), typically provoked by activation of Gq‐protein coupled receptors (GqPCR). GqPCR activation initiates depletion of plasmalemmal phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate (PIP2). Here, we determined whether PIP2 acts as a signalling lipid for CaCCs coded by the TMEM16A and TMEM16B genes. Experimental Approach Patch‐clamp electrophysiology, in conjunction with genetically encoded systems to control cellular PIP2 content, was used to define the mechanism of action of PIP2 on TMEM16A and TMEM16B channels. Key Results A water‐soluble PIP2 analogue (diC8‐PIP2) activated TMEM16A channels by up to fivefold and inhibited TMEM16B by ~0.2‐fold. The effects of diC8‐PIP2 on TMEM16A currents were especially pronounced at low [Ca2+]i. In contrast, diC8‐PIP2 modulation of TMEM16B channels did not vary over a broad [Ca2+]i range but was only detectable at highly depolarized membrane potentials. Modulation of TMEM16A and TMEM16B currents was due to changes in channel gating, while single channel conductance was unaltered. Co‐expression of TMEM16A or TMEM16B with a Danio rerio voltage‐sensitive phosphatase (DrVSP), which degrades PIP2, led to reduction and enhancement of TMEM16A and TMEM16B currents respectively. These effects were abolished by an inactivating mutation in DrVSP and antagonized by simultaneous co‐expression of a phosphatidylinositol‐4‐phosphate 5‐kinase that catalyses PIP2 formation. Conclusions and Implications PIP2 acts as a modifier of TMEM16A and TMEM16B channel gating. Drugs interacting with PIP2 signalling may affect TMEM16A and TMEM16B channel gating and have potential uses in basic science and implications for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chau M Ta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Nils J G Rorsman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,OXION Wellcome Trust Initiative in Ion Channels and Disease, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Paolo Tammaro
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,OXION Wellcome Trust Initiative in Ion Channels and Disease, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Bicarbonate in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2017; 16:653-662. [PMID: 28732801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF, mucoviscidosis) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), which is a chloride and bicarbonate channel necessary for fluid secretion and extracellular alkalization. For a long time, research concentrated on abnormal Cl- and Na+ transport, but neglected bicarbonate as a crucial factor in CF. METHODS The present short review reports early findings as well as recent insights into the role of CFTR for bicarbonate transport and its defects in CF. RESULTS The available data indicate impaired bicarbonate transport not only in pancreas, intestine, airways, and reproductive organs, but also in salivary glands, sweat duct and renal tubular epithelial cells. Defective bicarbonate transport is closely related to the impaired mucus properties and mucus blocking in secretory organs of CF patients, causing the life threatening lung disease. CONCLUSIONS Apart from the devastating lung disease, abrogated bicarbonate transport also leads to many other organ dysfunctions, which are outlined in the present review.
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Abstract
杯状细胞(goblet cell, GC)由肠黏膜基底干细胞分化而来, 形似高脚杯, 内含黏液颗粒, 黏液颗粒的组成成分主要为黏蛋白. MUC2是一种重要的拥有特殊网状结构的黏蛋白. GC分泌黏液到肠上皮细胞形成黏液层填补细胞间隙. 黏液层使得GC能在肠黏膜抵御内外源侵袭时发挥重要作用, 尤其是将上皮与肠道菌分离, 从而能维持肠道微生态平衡. 除此之外, GC还能接受和参与免疫调节. 更重要的是GC及其分泌黏蛋白的缺陷与肠道多种疾病密切相关. 总之, GC对肠道健康的作用不容小视.
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Russo A, Ranieri M, Di Mise A, Dossena S, Pellegrino T, Furia E, Nofziger C, Debellis L, Paulmichl M, Valenti G, Tamma G. Interleukin-13 increases pendrin abundance to the cell surface in bronchial NCI-H292 cells via Rho/actin signaling. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:1163-1176. [PMID: 28378089 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-1970-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-13 (IL13) is a major player in the development of airway hyperresponsiveness in several respiratory disorders. Emerging data suggest that an increased expression of pendrin in airway epithelia is associated with elevated airway hyperreactivity in asthma. Here, we investigate the effect of IL13 on pendrin localization and function using bronchiolar NCI-H292 cells. The data obtained revealed that IL13 increases the cell surface expression of pendrin. This effect was paralleled by a significant increase in the intracellular pH, possibly via indirect stimulation of NHE. IL13 effect on pendrin localization and intracellular pH was reversed by theophylline, a bronchodilator compound used to treat asthma. IL13 upregulated RhoA activity, a crucial protein controlling actin dynamics, via G-alpha-13. Specifically, IL13 stabilized actin cytoskeleton and promoted co-localization and a direct molecular interaction between pendrin and F-actin in the plasma membrane region. These effects were reversed following exposure of cells to theophylline. Selective inhibition of Rho kinase, a downstream effector of Rho, reduced the IL13-dependent cell surface expression of pendrin. Together, these data indicate that IL13 increases pendrin abundance to the cell surface via Rho/actin signaling, an effect reversed by theophylline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Russo
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Marianna Ranieri
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Annarita Di Mise
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Dossena
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tommaso Pellegrino
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Emilia Furia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Charity Nofziger
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Lucantonio Debellis
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Markus Paulmichl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Giovanna Valenti
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.,Istituto Nazionsale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi (I.N.B.B.), Rome, Italy.,Centre of Excellence Genomic and Proteomics GEBCA, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Grazia Tamma
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy. .,Istituto Nazionsale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi (I.N.B.B.), Rome, Italy.
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