51
|
Park SJ, Schmidt AJ, Bedewy M, Hart AJ. Measurement of carbon nanotube microstructure relative density by optical attenuation and observation of size-dependent variations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:11511-9. [PMID: 23748864 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp51415c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sei Jin Park
- Mechanosynthesis Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
52
|
Stine R, Mulvaney SP, Robinson JT, Tamanaha CR, Sheehan PE. Fabrication, Optimization, and Use of Graphene Field Effect Sensors. Anal Chem 2012; 85:509-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ac303190w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rory Stine
- Nova Research, 1900 Elkins St. Suite 230, Alexandria, Virginia 22308, United States
| | - Shawn P. Mulvaney
- Chemistry Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375,
United States
| | - Jeremy T. Robinson
- Electronic
Science and Technology
Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Cy R. Tamanaha
- Chemistry Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375,
United States
| | - Paul E. Sheehan
- Chemistry Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375,
United States
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Estili M, Kawasaki A, Sakka Y. Highly concentrated 3D macrostructure of individual carbon nanotubes in a ceramic environment. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:4322-6. [PMID: 22729982 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201201134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A highly concentrated 3D macrostructure of individual multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is practically realized in a ceramic environment with poreless/intimate interfaces by a scalable aqueous colloidal approach. This concept dramatically improves not only the transport property and network connectivity of the MWCNT 3D macrostructures (a DC-conductivity of nearly 5000 S m(-1) ) but also the strain tolerance of the ceramic environment. Such low-cost and novel MWCNT/ceramic hybrids have many potential functional and structural applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Estili
- Materials Processing Unit, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
54
|
Ding M, Star A. Selektiver Nachweis von Ethylengas aus Früchten mit Kohlenstoffnanoröhren-Sensoren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201203387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
55
|
Opatkiewicz JP, LeMieux MC, Liu D, Vosgueritchian M, Barman SN, Elkins CM, Hedrick J, Bao Z. Using nitrile functional groups to replace amines for solution-deposited single-walled carbon nanotube network films. ACS NANO 2012; 6:4845-4853. [PMID: 22588018 DOI: 10.1021/nn300124y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Amine-terminated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) can be utilized to selectively adsorb semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (S-SWNTs), but are not ideal. Formation of these monolayer films from silanes can be dramatically influenced by atmospheric and other processing conditions, resulting in poor-quality SAMs or irreproducible results. The surface sorting method of fabricating these semiconducting nanotube networks (SWNTnts) can become ineffective if the functionalized surface is not smooth with high amine density. However, by replacing the amine with a nitrile group, SAM formation can be made more controllable and reproducible. Upon SWNT deposition, the nitrile group was found to not only adsorb higher density SWNTnts but also sort the nanotubes efficiently, as shown by micro-Raman spectroscopy. Upon testing these SWNTnts for device performance, these thin-film transistors (TFTs) were also found to yield higher quality devices than those fabricated on amine surfaces. Overall, these results expand the applicability of surface sorting and SWNT adsorption to other organic functionalities for nanotube separation. This report provides an outline of the merits and characterization of using the nitrile functional group for the separation and adsorption of SWNTs and its integration in network TFTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin P Opatkiewicz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
56
|
Hernández SC, Kakoullis J, Lim JH, Mubeen S, Hangarter CM, Mulchandani A, Myung NV. Hybrid ZnO/SWNT Nanostructures Based Gas Sensor. ELECTROANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201200135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
57
|
Ding M, Star A. Selecting Fruits with Carbon Nanotube Sensors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:7637-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201203387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
58
|
Abstract
The mammalian olfactory system is able to detect many more odorants than the number of receptors it has by utilizing cross-reactive odorant receptors that generate unique response patterns for each odorant. Mimicking the mammalian system, artificial noses combine cross-reactive sensor arrays with pattern recognition algorithms to create robust odor-discrimination systems. The first artificial nose reported in 1982 utilized a tin-oxide sensor array. Since then, however, a wide range of sensor technologies have been developed and commercialized. This review highlights the most commonly employed sensor types in artificial noses: electrical, gravimetric, and optical sensors. The applications of nose systems are also reviewed, covering areas such as food and beverage quality control, chemical warfare agent detection, and medical diagnostics. A brief discussion of future trends for the technology is also provided.
Collapse
|
59
|
Ammu S, Dua V, Agnihotra SR, Surwade SP, Phulgirkar A, Patel S, Manohar SK. Flexible, All-Organic Chemiresistor for Detecting Chemically Aggressive Vapors. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:4553-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ja300420t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Ammu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854,
United States
| | - Vineet Dua
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854,
United States
| | - Srikanth Rao Agnihotra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854,
United States
| | - Sumedh P. Surwade
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854,
United States
| | - Akshay Phulgirkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854,
United States
| | - Sanjaykumar Patel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854,
United States
| | - Sanjeev K. Manohar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854,
United States
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Hernández SC, Hangarter CM, Mulchandani A, Myung NV. Selective recognition of xylene isomers using ZnO–SWNTs hybrid gas sensors. Analyst 2012; 137:2549-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an35168d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
61
|
Potyrailo RA, Burns A, Surman C, Lee DJ, McGinniss E. Multivariable passive RFID vapor sensors: roll-to-roll fabrication on a flexible substrate. Analyst 2012; 137:2777-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an16278d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
62
|
Regmi BP, Monk J, El-Zahab B, Das S, Hung FR, Hayes DJ, Warner IM. A novel composite film for detection and molecular weight determination of organic vapors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm31623d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
63
|
Li W, Zhang LS, Wang Q, Yu Y, Chen Z, Cao CY, Song WG. Low-cost synthesis of graphitic carbon nanofibers as excellent room temperature sensors for explosive gases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm32031b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
64
|
Wang J, Wei L, Zhang L, Zhang J, Wei H, Jiang C, Zhang Y. Zinc-doped nickel oxide dendritic crystals with fast response and self-recovery for ammonia detection at room temperature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm34192a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
65
|
Potyrailo RA, Surman C, Nagraj N, Burns A. Materials and transducers toward selective wireless gas sensing. Chem Rev 2011; 111:7315-54. [PMID: 21899304 PMCID: PMC3212628 DOI: 10.1021/cr2000477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
66
|
Bermudez VM, Robinson JT. Effects of molecular adsorption on the electronic structure of single-layer graphene. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:11026-11036. [PMID: 21812417 DOI: 10.1021/la201669j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of small molecules (CCl(4), CS(2), H(2)O, and acetone) with single-layer graphene (SLG) has been studied under steady-state conditions using infrared multiple-internal-reflection spectroscopy. Adsorption results in a broad and intense absorption band, spanning the ∼200 to 500 meV range, which is attributed to electronic excitation. This effect, which has not previously been reported for SLG, has been further investigated using dispersion-corrected density functional theory to model the adsorption of H(2)O on SLG supported on an SiO(2) substrate. However, the ideal and defect-free model does not reproduce the observed adsorption-induced electronic transition. This and other observations suggest that the effect is extrinsic, possibly the result of an adsorption-induced change in the in-plane strain, with important differences arising between species that form liquid-like layers under steady-state conditions and those that do not. Furthermore, the C-H stretching modes of CH(2) groups, incorporated in the SLG as defects, undergo nonadiabatic coupling to the electronic transition. This leads to pronounced antiresonance effects in the line shapes, which are analyzed quantitatively. These results are useful in understanding environmental effects on graphene electronic structure and in demonstrating the use of the vibrational spectroscopy of H-containing defects in characterizing SLG structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V M Bermudez
- Electronics Science and Technology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5347, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
67
|
Wang F, Swager TM. Diverse chemiresistors based upon covalently modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:11181-93. [PMID: 21718043 DOI: 10.1021/ja201860g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A diverse array of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) sensory materials have been synthesized and used to create sensors capable of identifying volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on the basis of their functional groups. Functionalized MWCNTs with a series of cross-sensitive recognition groups were successfully synthesized via zwitterionic and post-transformation synthetic procedures. The incorporated chemical functional groups on MWCNT surfaces introduced greatly increased sensitivity and selectivity to the targeted analytes. The distinct response pattern of each chemical was subjected to statistical treatments, which led to a clear separation and accurate identification of 100% of the VOCs. These results demonstrate that covalent functionalized MWCNT-based sensor arrays are a promising approach for low-cost, real time detection and identification of VOCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Department of Materials Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
68
|
Liu L, Ma W, Zhang Z. Macroscopic carbon nanotube assemblies: preparation, properties, and potential applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:1504-20. [PMID: 21506264 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201002198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
As classical 1D nanoscale structures, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess remarkable mechanical, electrical, thermal, and optical properties. In the past several years, considerable attention has been paid to the use of CNTs as building blocks for novel high-performance materials. In this way, the production of macroscopic architectures based on assembled CNTs with controlled orientation and configurations is an important step towards their application. So far, various forms of macroscale CNT assemblies have been produced, such as 1D CNT fibers, 2D CNT films/sheets, and 3D aligned CNT arrays or foams. These macroarchitectures, depending on the manner in which they are assembled, display a variety of fascinating features that cannot be achieved using conventional materials. This review provides an overview of various macroscopic CNT assemblies, with a focus on their preparation and mechanical properties as well as their potential applications in practical fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luqi Liu
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
69
|
Mangu R, Rajaputra S, Singh VP. MWCNT-polymer composites as highly sensitive and selective room temperature gas sensors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:215502. [PMID: 21451225 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/21/215502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-polymer composite-based hybrid sensors were fabricated and integrated into a resistive sensor design for gas sensing applications. Thin films of MWCNTs were grown onto Si/SiO(2) substrates via xylene pyrolysis using the chemical vapor deposition technique. Polymers like PEDOT:PSS and polyaniline (PANI) mixed with various solvents like DMSO, DMF, 2-propanol and ethylene glycol were used to synthesize the composite films. These sensors exhibited excellent response and selectivity at room temperature when exposed to low concentrations (100 ppm) of analyte gases like NH(3) and NO(2). The effect of various solvents on the sensor response imparting selectivity to CNT-polymer nanocomposites was investigated extensively. Sensitivities as high as 28% were observed for an MWCNT-PEDOT:PSS composite sensor when exposed to 100 ppm of NH(3) and - 29.8% sensitivity for an MWCNT-PANI composite sensor to 100 ppm of NO(2) when DMSO was used as a solvent. Additionally, the sensors exhibited good reversibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Mangu
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0046, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
70
|
Field CR, In HJ, Begue NJ, Pehrsson PE. Vapor Detection Performance of Vertically Aligned, Ordered Arrays of Silicon Nanowires with a Porous Electrode. Anal Chem 2011; 83:4724-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac200779d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Field
- Chemistry Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Hyun Jin In
- Post-Doctoral Research Associateship, National Research Council, Washington, DC 20001, United States
| | - Nathan J. Begue
- Post-Doctoral Research Associateship, National Research Council, Washington, DC 20001, United States
| | - Pehr E. Pehrsson
- Chemistry Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Tang Y, Kotchey GP, Vedala H, Star A. Electrochemical Detection with Platinum Decorated Carbon Nanomaterials. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
72
|
Kim HJ, Hwang S, Oh J, Chang YW, Lim EK, Haam S, Kim CS, Yoo KH. Magnetic nanoparticle-based separation of metallic and semiconducting carbon nanotubes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:045703. [PMID: 21169656 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/4/045703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report a simple and scalable method for the separation of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) from metallic SWNTs using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) functionalized with polycationic tri-aminated polysorbate 80 (TP80). MNPs-TP80 are selectively adsorbed on acid-treated semiconducting SWNTs, which makes the semiconducting SWNTs be highly concentrated to over 95% under a magnetic field. Almost all the field effect transistor network devices, which were fabricated using separated semiconducting SWNTs, exhibited a p-type semiconducting behavior with an on/off ratio of higher than 10(4).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Joon Kim
- Nanomedical Graduate Program, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
73
|
Ding M, Tang Y, Gou P, Reber MJ, Star A. Chemical sensing with polyaniline coated single-walled carbon nanotubes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:536-540. [PMID: 21254259 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201003304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Revised: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengning Ding
- U.S. Department of Energy, Pittsburgh, Pensylvania 15236, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
74
|
Saravanan C, Palaniappan S, Akhila V, Madhavendra SS, Bangal PR. Inverted emulsion polymerization route to polyaniline-3D nanofiber network using sulfonated-p-cresol as novel dopant. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
75
|
Ishikawa FN, Curreli M, Olson CA, Liao HI, Sun R, Roberts RW, Cote RJ, Thompson ME, Zhou C. Importance of controlling nanotube density for highly sensitive and reliable biosensors functional in physiological conditions. ACS NANO 2010; 4:6914-6922. [PMID: 21028792 DOI: 10.1021/nn101198u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors utilizing carbon nanotube field-effect transistors have a tremendous potential to serve as the basis for the next generation of diagnostic systems. While nanotubes have been employed in the fabrication of multiple sensors, little attention has previously been paid to how the nanotube density affects the biosensor performance. We conducted a systematic study of the effect of density on the performance of nanotube biosensors and discovered that this parameter is crucial to achieving consistently high performance. We found that devices with lower density offer higher sensitivity in terms of both detection limit and magnitude of response. The low density nanotube devices resulted in a detection limit of 1 pM in an electrolyte buffer containing high levels of electrolytes (ionic concentration ∼140 mM, matching the ionic strength of serum and plasma). Further investigation suggested that the enhanced sensitivity arises from the semiconductor-like behavior-strong gate dependence and lower capacitance-of the nanotube network at low density. Finally, we used the density-optimized nanotube biosensors to detect the nucleocapsid (N) protein of the SARS virus and demonstrated improved detection limits under physiological conditions. Our results show that it is critical to carefully tune the nanotube density in order to fabricate sensitive and reliable devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki N Ishikawa
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
76
|
Duong DL, Lee IH, Kim KK, Kong J, Lee SM, Lee YH. Carbon nanotube doping mechanism in a salt solution and hygroscopic effect: density functional theory. ACS NANO 2010; 4:5430-5436. [PMID: 20684530 DOI: 10.1021/nn1011489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of doping carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with a salt solution was investigated using the density functional theory. We propose that the anion-CNT complex is a key component in doping CNTs. Although the cations play an important role in ionizing CNTs as an intermediate precursor, the ionized CNTs are neutralized further by forming a stable anion-CNT complex as a final reactant. The anion-CNT bond has a strong ionic bonding character and clearly shows p-type behavior by shifting the Fermi level toward the valence band. The midgap state is introduced by the strong binding of carbon and anion atoms. These localized charged anion sites are highly hygroscopic and induce the adsorption of water molecules. This behavior provides a new possibility for using anion-functionalized CNTs as humidity sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinh Loc Duong
- Sungkyunkwan Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Department of Energy Science, Center for Nanotubes and Nanostructured Composites, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
77
|
Tang G, Zhang X, Yang S, Derycke V, Benattar JJ. New confinement method for the formation of highly aligned and densely packed single-walled carbon nanotube monolayers. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2010; 6:1488-1491. [PMID: 20578113 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201000212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guolei Tang
- Service de Physique de L'Etat Condensé DSM/IRAMIS/SPEC, CEA 91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
78
|
Chen PC, Sukcharoenchoke S, Ryu K, Gomez de Arco L, Badmaev A, Wang C, Zhou C. 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) chemical sensing based on aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and ZnO nanowires. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:1900-4. [PMID: 20340140 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200904005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chiang Chen
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
79
|
Liu S, Shen Q, Cao Y, Gan L, Wang Z, Steigerwald ML, Guo X. Chemical functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotube field-effect transistors as switches and sensors. Coord Chem Rev 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
80
|
Opatkiewicz JP, Lemieux MC, Bao Z. Influence of electrostatic interactions on spin-assembled single-walled carbon nanotube networks on amine-functionalized surfaces. ACS NANO 2010; 4:1167-1177. [PMID: 20112967 DOI: 10.1021/nn901388v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Preferential interactions between self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) terminated with amine functional groups and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were exploited to produce nanotube networks (SWNTnts) via spin coating. We provide insight into the mechanisms of this system while simultaneously demonstrating a facile approach toward controllable arrays of SWNTnts. The chirality, density, and alignment of the SWNTnt was heavily influenced by adsorption onto amine-functionalized surfaces that were exposed to varying pH solutions, as evidenced by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Raman spectroscopy. This pH treatment altered the charge density on the surface, allowing for the examination of the contribution from electrostatic interaction to SWNT adsorption and SWNTnt characteristics. Secondary and tertiary amines with methyl substitutions were utilized to confirm that adsorption and chirality specific adsorption is largely due to the nitrogen lone pair, not the neighboring hydrogen atoms. Thus, the nature of adsorption is predominantly electrostatic and not due to van der Waals forces or localized polarization on the SWNTs. Moreover, the overall density of SWNTnts is different for the various amines, indicating that the accessibility to the lone pair electrons on the nitrogen plays a crucial role in SWNT adsorption. With greater understanding of the amine-SWNT interaction, these findings can be utilized to control SWNTnt formation for the precise integration into electronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin P Opatkiewicz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
81
|
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a family of all-carbon quasi one-dimensional nanomaterials that are highly hydrophobic and typically aggregated in bundles. Recent accomplishments in dispersing CNTs in aqueous solutions open possibilities for their new applications in biomedicine. In many occasions, biological and biomedical applications demand an actuation mechanism; thus, it is highly desirable to control the dispersion and aggregation of CNTs in aqueous solutions with external stimuli. Here, we report two "smart" single-walled CNT (SWNT) aqueous dispersions that respond to temperature and pH changes through environment-responsive polymers, poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) and Poly-L-lysine (PLL).
Collapse
|
82
|
Kong L, Wang J, Luo T, Meng F, Chen X, Li M, Liu J. Novel pyrenehexafluoroisopropanol derivative-decorated single-walled carbon nanotubes for detection of nerve agents by strong hydrogen-bonding interaction. Analyst 2010; 135:368-74. [DOI: 10.1039/b920266h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
83
|
Roberts ME, LeMieux MC, Bao Z. Sorted and aligned single-walled carbon nanotube networks for transistor-based aqueous chemical sensors. ACS NANO 2009; 3:3287-93. [PMID: 19856982 DOI: 10.1021/nn900808b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Detecting trace amounts of analytes in aqueous systems is important for health diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and national security applications. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are ideal components for both the sensor material and active signal transduction layer because of their excellent electronic properties and high aspect ratio consisting of entirely surface atoms. Submonolayer arrays, or networks of SWNTs (SWNTnts) are advantageous, and we show that topology characteristics of the SWNT network, such as alignment, degree of bundling, and chirality enrichment strongly affect the sensor performance. To enable this, thin-film transistor (TFT) sensors with SWNTnts were deposited using a one-step, low-cost, solution- based method on a polymer dielectric, allowing us to achieve stable low-voltage operation under aqueous conditions. These SWNT-TFTs were used to detect trace concentrations, down to 2 ppb, of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) and trinitrotoluene (TNT) in aqueous solutions. Along with reliable cycling underwater, the TFT sensors fabricated with aligned, sorted nanotube networks (enriched with semiconductor SWNTs) showed a higher sensitivity to analytes than those fabricated with random, unsorted networks with predominantly metallic charge transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Roberts
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stauffer III, 381 North-South Mall, Stanford, California 94305-5025, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
84
|
Palacin T, Khanh HL, Jousselme B, Jegou P, Filoramo A, Ehli C, Guldi DM, Campidelli S. Efficient Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes with Porphyrin Dendrons via Click Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:15394-402. [DOI: 10.1021/ja906020e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Palacin
- CEA, IRAMIS, Laboratoire d’Electronique Moléculaire, SPEC, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France, CEA, IRAMIS, Laboratoire de Chimie des Surfaces et Interfaces, SPCSI, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France, and Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hung Le Khanh
- CEA, IRAMIS, Laboratoire d’Electronique Moléculaire, SPEC, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France, CEA, IRAMIS, Laboratoire de Chimie des Surfaces et Interfaces, SPCSI, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France, and Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bruno Jousselme
- CEA, IRAMIS, Laboratoire d’Electronique Moléculaire, SPEC, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France, CEA, IRAMIS, Laboratoire de Chimie des Surfaces et Interfaces, SPCSI, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France, and Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pascale Jegou
- CEA, IRAMIS, Laboratoire d’Electronique Moléculaire, SPEC, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France, CEA, IRAMIS, Laboratoire de Chimie des Surfaces et Interfaces, SPCSI, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France, and Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arianna Filoramo
- CEA, IRAMIS, Laboratoire d’Electronique Moléculaire, SPEC, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France, CEA, IRAMIS, Laboratoire de Chimie des Surfaces et Interfaces, SPCSI, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France, and Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Ehli
- CEA, IRAMIS, Laboratoire d’Electronique Moléculaire, SPEC, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France, CEA, IRAMIS, Laboratoire de Chimie des Surfaces et Interfaces, SPCSI, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France, and Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- CEA, IRAMIS, Laboratoire d’Electronique Moléculaire, SPEC, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France, CEA, IRAMIS, Laboratoire de Chimie des Surfaces et Interfaces, SPCSI, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France, and Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stéphane Campidelli
- CEA, IRAMIS, Laboratoire d’Electronique Moléculaire, SPEC, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France, CEA, IRAMIS, Laboratoire de Chimie des Surfaces et Interfaces, SPCSI, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France, and Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Zhao YL, Stoddart JF. Noncovalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Acc Chem Res 2009; 42:1161-71. [PMID: 19462997 DOI: 10.1021/ar900056z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have attracted much attention on account of their potential to be transformed into new materials that can be employed to address a wide range of applications. The insolubility of the SWNTs in most solvents and the difficulties of handling these highly intractable carbon nanostructures, however, are restricting their real-life applications at the present time. To improve upon the properties of the SWNTs, low-cost and industrially feasible approaches to their modifications are constantly being sought by chemists and materials scientists. Together, they have shown that noncovalent functionalization of the SWNTs can do much to preserve the desired properties of the SWNTs while remarkably improving their solubilities. This Account describes recent advances in the design, synthesis, and characterization of SWNT hybrids and evaluates applications of these new hybrid materials based on noncovalently functionalized SWNTs. Their solubilization enables the characterization of these hybrids as well as the investigation of the properties of the SWNTs using solution-based techniques. Cognizant of the structural properties of the functional molecules on the SWNTs, we present some of the recent work carried out by ourselves and others under the umbrella of the following three subtopics: (i) aromatic small-molecule-based noncovalent functionalization, (ii) biomacromolecule-based noncovalent functionalization, and (iii) polymer-based noncovalent functionalization. Several examples for the applications of noncovalently functionalized SWNT hybrids in the fabrication of field-effect transistor (FET) devices, chemical sensors, molecular switch tunnel junctions (MSTJs), and photovoltaic devices are highlighted and discussed. The blossoming of new methods for the noncovalent functionalization of the SWNTs promises a new generation of SWNT hybrid-based integrated multifunctional sensors and devices, an outcome which is essential for the development of carbon nanotube chemistry that interfaces with physics, materials, biology, and medical science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Li Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Ishikawa FN, Stauffer B, Caron DA, Zhou C. Rapid and label-free cell detection by metal-cluster-decorated carbon nanotube biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 24:2967-72. [PMID: 19342216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Revised: 02/15/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the use of carbon nanotube biosensors toward alga cell detection was examined. The biosensor devices were fabricated on complete 4 in. wafers by first growing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and then depositing metal electrodes using a shadow mask. In addition, we decorated the biosensors with metal-clusters resulted in enhancing the sensitivity by 2000-folds and has enabled the detection of streptavidin down to 10 pM concentration. This sensitivity enhancement was attributed to activation of CNT channels due to formation of Schottky junctions between CNTs and metal-clusters. Real-time cell detection has been successfully carried out using the CNT biosensors for two kinds of alga related to brown tides: Aureococcus anophagefferens and BT3. Functionalization of the CNT biosensors with the monoclonal antibody for A. anophagefferens has led to detection at a concentration of 10(4) cells/ml, with sensitivity lower than 10(4) cells/ml projected based on the signal-to-noise ratio of the sensors. Further functionalization with tween 20 led to suppression of non-specific binding of BT3 and enabled label-free and selective detection of A. anophagefferens. These nanobiosensors may find potential applications for environmental monitoring and disease diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki N Ishikawa
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
87
|
Zhao JX, Ding YH. Can Silicon Carbide Nanotubes Sense Carbon Dioxide? J Chem Theory Comput 2009; 5:1099-105. [DOI: 10.1021/ct9000069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-xiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-hong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150080, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
He JH, Ho CH, Chen CY. Polymer functionalized ZnO nanobelts as oxygen sensors with a significant response enhancement. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 20:065503. [PMID: 19417388 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/6/065503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A plasma-polymerized acrylonitrile (PP-AN)/ZnO nanobelt (NB) nanosensor reveals a better oxygen-sensing response than a bare ZnO NB nanosensor due to the sorption nature of the polymer. With the aid of UV light, significant response enhancements of PP-AN/ZnO NB nanosensors at low temperature have been observed since the effects of oxygen desorption/adsorption in PP-AN on the electron depletion region in the ZnO are significant. The minimum sensitivity at 150 degrees C is 16.6 ppm. This work permits its feasibility in areas where it is impossible to work at higher temperatures since lowering the working temperature of the sensor can avoid the structural deterioration, causing instability in the response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J H He
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
89
|
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Li Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Liangbing Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - George Grüner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Sasaki I, Minami N, Karthigeyan A, Iakoubovskii K. Optimization and evaluation of networked single-wall carbon nanotubes as a NO(2) gas sensing material. Analyst 2008; 134:325-30. [PMID: 19173057 DOI: 10.1039/b813073f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have prepared conductometric NO(2) gas sensors based on single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) networks. The SWNT properties are modified systematically by varying the annealing temperature between 350 to 550 degrees C under vacuum. Thermal annealing is not only necessary to remove dispersant used for nanotube dispersion but also plays an important role in optimizing the gas sensing abilities. In this paper, the sensing performance is evaluated through three crucial sensing characteristics: sensitivity to NO(2), humidity interfering effect, and sensor stability over repeated use, all examined at room temperature. The sensor annealed at 400 degrees C shows the highest NO(2) sensitivity because of the structural properties, i.e., high specific surface area and the molecular geometry of having all carbon atoms at the tube-surface. The sensor also shows negligible humidity interfering effect and high sensor stability, originating from the hydrophobicity and chemical stability of the material, respectively. In contrast, annealing temperatures higher than 400 degrees C lead to structural defects in SWNTs and thus lower the sensing performance. We experimentally confirm that these SWNT characteristics make SWNTs a suitable gas sensing material from a practical perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isao Sasaki
- Nanotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
91
|
Robinson JT, Perkins FK, Snow ES, Wei Z, Sheehan PE. Reduced graphene oxide molecular sensors. NANO LETTERS 2008; 8:3137-40. [PMID: 18763832 DOI: 10.1021/nl8013007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 554] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate reduced graphene oxide as the active material for high-performance molecular sensors. Sensors are fabricated from exfoliated graphene oxide platelets that are deposited to form an ultrathin continuous network. These graphene oxide networks are tunably reduced toward graphene by varying the exposure time to a hydrazine hydrate vapor. The conductance change of the networks upon exposure to trace levels of vapor is measured as a function of the chemical reduction. The level of reduction affects both the sensitivity and the level of 1/ f noise. The sensors are capable of detecting 10 s exposures to simulants of the three main classes of chemical-warfare agents and an explosive at parts-per-billion concentrations.
Collapse
|
92
|
Roman C, Roche S, Rubio A. Modeling the Properties of Carbon Nanotubes for Sensor‐Based Devices. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527622597.ch5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
93
|
Rajaputra S, Mangu R, Clore P, Qian D, Andrews R, Singh VP. Multi-walled carbon nanotube arrays for gas sensing applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 19:345502. [PMID: 21730649 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/34/345502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) arrays fabricated by xylene pyrolysis in anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) templates without the use of a catalyst were integrated into a resistive sensor design. Steady state sensitivities as high as 5% and 10% for 100 ppm of NH(3) and NO(2), respectively, at a flow rate of 750 sccm were observed. A thin layer of amorphous carbon (5-50 nm), formed on both sides of the template during xylene pyrolysis, was part of the sensor design. The thickness of the conducting amorphous carbon layers was found to play a crucial role in determining the sensitivity of the resistive sensor. A study was undertaken to elucidate (i) the dependence of sensitivity on the thickness of amorphous carbon layers, (ii) the effect of UV light on gas desorption characteristics and (iii) the dependence of room temperature sensitivity on different NH(3) flow rates. Variations in sensor resistance with exposure to oxidizing and reducing gases are explained on the basis of charge transfer between the analytes and the CNTs which were modeled as p-type semiconductors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Rajaputra
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0046, USA. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0046, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
94
|
Kauffman D, Star A. Gas- und Dampfsensoren auf der Basis von Kohlenstoff-Nanoröhren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200704488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
95
|
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Kauffman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh and The National Energy Technology Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
96
|
Ibañez FJ, Zamborini FP. Chemiresistive sensing of volatile organic compounds with films of surfactant-stabilized gold and gold-silver alloy nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2008; 2:1543-1552. [PMID: 19206357 DOI: 10.1021/nn800109q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Here we describe the chemiresistive sensing of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with films of chemically synthesized approximately 4 nm diameter Au and AuAg alloy nanoparticles (NPs) stabilized by a surfactant, tetraoctylammonium bromide (TOABr). The chemiresistive sensing properties were measured over a concentration range of 100 to 0.04% saturation for methanol (MeOH), ethanol (EtOH), 2-propanol (IPA), and toluene (Tol) vapor analytes and compared directly to the chemiresistive sensing properties of films of 1.6 nm diameter hexanethiolate (C6S)-coated Au monolayer-protected clusters (MPCs). Films of TOABr-stabilized Au NPs exhibit the opposite response compared to those of C6S-coated Au MPCs. The details are unclear, but the mechanism likely involves changes in capacitive charging in the film or improved conductive pathways through the Au NPs upon incorporation of VOCs into the film for the former as opposed to the well-known change in electron hopping conductivity for the latter. This leads to a decrease in resistance in the presence of VOCs for TOABr Au as opposed to an increase for C6S Au. The TOABr Au sensors are more sensitive, especially for polar analytes, and have greater long-term stability compared to C6S Au. The limit of detection (LOD) for films of TOABr-coated Au NPs is 3, 2, 12, and 37 ppm for IPA, MeOH, EtOH, and Tol, respectively, as compared to 106, 326, 242, and 48 for C6S Au. Films of TOABr-stabilized AuAg alloy NPs exhibit the same type of response, but the sensitivity decreases dramatically with increasing Ag content, showing that the metal composition of the NPs in the film plays a role in the sensing properties, which has not been well-recognized in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Ibañez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
97
|
LeMieux MC, Roberts M, Barman S, Jin YW, Kim JM, Bao Z. Self-sorted, aligned nanotube networks for thin-film transistors. Science 2008; 321:101-4. [PMID: 18599781 DOI: 10.1126/science.1156588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 524] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
To find use in electronics, single-walled carbon nanotubes need to be efficiently separated by electronic type and aligned to ensure optimal and reproducible electronic properties. We report the fabrication of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) network field-effect transistors, deposited from solution, possessing controllable topology and an on/off ratio as high as 900,000. The spin-assisted alignment and density of the SWNTs are tuned by different surfaces that effectively vary the degree of interaction with surface functionalities in the device channel. This leads to a self-sorted SWNT network in which nanotube chirality separation and simultaneous control of density and alignment occur in one step during device fabrication. Micro-Raman experiments corroborate device results as a function of surface chemistry, indicating enrichment of the specific SWNT electronic type absorbed onto the modified dielectric.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melburne C LeMieux
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
98
|
Hanisch C, Kulkarni A, Zaporojtchenko V, Faupel F. Polymer-metal nanocomposites with 2-dimensional Au nanoparticle arrays for sensoric applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/100/5/052043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
99
|
Pioggia G, Francesco FD, Ferro M, Sorrentino F, Salvo P, Ahluwalia A. Characterization of a carbon nanotube polymer composite sensor for an impedimetric electronic tongue. Mikrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-008-0952-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
100
|
Hatchett DW, Josowicz M. Composites of intrinsically conducting polymers as sensing nanomaterials. Chem Rev 2008; 108:746-69. [PMID: 18171087 DOI: 10.1021/cr068112h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 530] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David W Hatchett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4003, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|