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Palliative treatment of metastatic bone pain with radiopharmaceuticals: A perspective beyond Strontium-89 and Samarium-153. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 110:87-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Müller C, Vermeulen C, Köster U, Johnston K, Türler A, Schibli R, van der Meulen NP. Alpha-PET with terbium-149: evidence and perspectives for radiotheragnostics. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2016; 1:5. [PMID: 29564382 PMCID: PMC5843804 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-016-0008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
149Tb represents a powerful alternative to currently used α-emitters: the relatively short half-life (T1/2 = 4.1 h), low α-energy (3.97 MeV, Iα = 16.7 %), absence of α-emitting daughters and stable coordination via DOTA are favorable features for potential clinical application. In this letter, we wish to highlight the unique characteristics of 149Tb for PET imaging, based on its positron emission (Eβ+mean = 730 keV, Iβ+ = 7.1 %) in addition to it’s a therapeutic value. To this end, a preclinical study with a tumor-bearing mouse is presented. The perspective of alpha-PET makes 149Tb highly appealing for radiotheragnostic applications in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Christiaan Vermeulen
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | | | - Karl Johnston
- Physics Department, ISOLDE/CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Türler
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roger Schibli
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas P van der Meulen
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
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Derrien A, Gouard S, Maurel C, Gaugler MH, Bruchertseifer F, Morgenstern A, Faivre-Chauvet A, Classe JM, Chérel M. Therapeutic Efficacy of Alpha-RIT Using a (213)Bi-Anti-hCD138 Antibody in a Mouse Model of Ovarian Peritoneal Carcinomatosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2015; 2:88. [PMID: 26734610 PMCID: PMC4685172 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2015.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Ovarian peritoneal carcinomatosis is a pathology for which effective cures are currently lacking. New research protocols seek to eradicate residual micrometastases following cytoreductive surgery by using hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) or radioimmunotherapy (RIT). This study aims to first develop alpha-RIT using an anti-CD138 mAb radiolabeled with an alpha-emitter, bismuth-213 (213Bi-B-B4) and HIPEC in a nude mouse model and second to compare and combine these techniques. Material and methods A murine model of postoperative ovarian peritoneal carcinomatosis was established. A pilot group of six mice received an intraperitoneal injection of luciferase-tagged SHIN-3 cells and bioluminescence was measured every day. Cytoreductive surgery was performed at day 14 (n = 4) and 29 (n = 2). Because the residual bioluminescence signal measured after surgery was equivalent to that obtained 3 days after the graft, HIPEC or alpha-RIT treatments were applied 3 days after the graft. Ten mice were treated by HIPEC with cisplatine (37.5 mg/mL), 11 with 7.4 MBq of 213Bi-B-B4, seven with 11.1 MBq of 213Bi-B-B4, and 10 mice were treated with the combined therapy (HIPEC + 7.4 MBq of 213Bi-B-B4). Eleven mice received no treatment. Bioluminescence imaging and survival were assessed. Results Alpha-RIT 7.4 MBq and 11.1 MBq significantly improved survival (p = 0.0303 and p = 0.0070, respectively), whereas HIPEC and HIPEC + alpha-RIT treatments did not significantly ameliorate survival as compared to the control group. Conclusion Survival was significantly increased by alpha-RIT treatment in mice with peritoneal carcinomatosis of ovarian origin; however, HIPEC alone or in combination with alpha-RIT had no significant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Derrien
- Centre Régional de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes/Angers (CRCNA) UMR892 INSERM, Nantes, France; 6299 CNRS, Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Sébastien Gouard
- Centre Régional de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes/Angers (CRCNA) UMR892 INSERM, Nantes, France; 6299 CNRS, Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Catherine Maurel
- Centre Régional de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes/Angers (CRCNA) UMR892 INSERM, Nantes, France; 6299 CNRS, Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Gaugler
- Centre Régional de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes/Angers (CRCNA) UMR892 INSERM, Nantes, France; 6299 CNRS, Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Frank Bruchertseifer
- Institute for Transuranium Elements, European Commission Joint Research Centre , Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Alfred Morgenstern
- Institute for Transuranium Elements, European Commission Joint Research Centre , Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Alain Faivre-Chauvet
- Centre Régional de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes/Angers (CRCNA) UMR892 INSERM, Nantes, France; 6299 CNRS, Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Service de Médecine Nucléaire, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Marc Classe
- Centre Régional de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes/Angers (CRCNA) UMR892 INSERM, Nantes, France; 6299 CNRS, Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Service de Chirurgie Oncologique, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Michel Chérel
- Centre Régional de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes/Angers (CRCNA) UMR892 INSERM, Nantes, France; 6299 CNRS, Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint-Herblain, France
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Mukherjee B, Gholami YH, Bhonsle U, Hentschel R, Khachan J. A unique alpha dosimetry technique using Gafchromic EBT3(®) film and feasibility study for an activity calibrator for alpha-emitting radiopharmaceuticals. Br J Radiol 2015; 88:20150035. [PMID: 26440547 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20150035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop an alpha dosimetry technique for activity calibration of alpha-emitting radiopharmaceuticals using the Gafchromic(®) EBT3 (Gaf-EBT3) radiochromic film (International Speciality product, Wayne, NJ). METHODS The Gaf-EBT3 has a tissue equivalent radiosensitive layer (approximately 28 μm) sandwiched between two 100-μm thick polyester sheaths, thereby making it insensitive to alpha particles. We have split a Gaf-EBT3 sheet using a surgical scalpel to remove one of the polyester protective layers and covered the radiosensitive layer with thin Mylar(®) foil (Goodfellow Cambridge Limited, Huntingdon, UK) (2.5 μm). Small pieces of modified film were exposed at contact with a 560-Bq thin (241)Am source for 5, 10, 24 and 94 h. The optical density of the films was evaluated using an optical densitometer. The alpha energy spectra of the (241)Am source were recorded using a Si(Li) surface barrier detector. RESULTS Time-integrated specific alpha surface activity (kBq cm(-2) h) was represented as a function of optical density. CONCLUSION By removing one of the 100 μm thick polyester protective layers, the authors have modified the Gaf-EBT3 film to a sensitive alpha dosemeter. The calibration function relevant to a (241)Am reference source was evaluated from the optical densities of the dosemeter foils. Furthermore, calibration functions for important alpha emitters such as (223)Ra, (225)Ac or (210)Bi were parameterized from the (241)Am reference data. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE The authors have developed and tested the principle of a clinical alpha dosemeter using Gaf-EBT3 radiochromic films originally developed for photon dosimetry. This novel, user-friendly technique could be implemented in quality assurance and calibration procedures of important alpha-emitting radiopharmaceuticals prior to their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Mukherjee
- 1 Detector and Sensor Group, West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen (WPE), Essen, Germany.,2 Department of Medical Physics, School of Physics (A28), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yaser H Gholami
- 2 Department of Medical Physics, School of Physics (A28), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Uday Bhonsle
- 3 Division of Physical and Chemical Sciences, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Hentschel
- 1 Detector and Sensor Group, West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen (WPE), Essen, Germany
| | - Joseph Khachan
- 2 Department of Medical Physics, School of Physics (A28), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Yong K, Brechbiel M. Application of 212Pb for Targeted α-particle Therapy (TAT): Pre-clinical and Mechanistic Understanding through to Clinical Translation. AIMS MEDICAL SCIENCE 2015; 2:228-245. [PMID: 26858987 DOI: 10.3934/medsci.2015.3.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted α-particle therapy (TAT), in which an α-particle emitting radionuclide is specifically directed to a biological target, is gaining more attention to treat cancers as new targets are validated. Bio-vectors such as monoclonal antibodies are able to selectively transport α-particles to destroy targeted cancer cells. TAT has the potential for an improved therapeutic ratio over β-particle targeted conjugate therapy. The short path length and the intense ionization path generated render α-emitters suitable for treatment and management of minimal disease such as micrometastases or residual tumor after surgical debulking. 212Pb is the longer-lived parent radionuclide of 212Bi and serves as an in vivo generator of 212Bi. 212Pb has demonstrated significant utility in both in vitro and in vivo models. Recent evaluation of 212Pb-TCMC-trastuzumab in a Phase I clinical trial has demonstrated the feasibility of 212Pb in TAT for the treatment of ovarian cancer patients. This review highlights progress in radionuclide production, radiolabeling chemistry, molecular mechanisms, and application of 212Pb to targeted pre-clinical and clinical radiation therapy for the management and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwon Yong
- Radioimmune & Inorganic Chemistry Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA
| | - Martin Brechbiel
- Radioimmune & Inorganic Chemistry Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA
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Gholami Y, Zhu X, Fulton R, Meikle S, El-Fakhri G, Kuncic Z. Stochastic simulation of radium-223 dichloride therapy at the sub-cellular level. Phys Med Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/15/6087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Lima LMP, Beyler M, Delgado R, Platas-Iglesias C, Tripier R. Investigating the Complexation of the Pb(2+)/Bi(3+) Pair with Dipicolinate Cyclen Ligands. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:7045-57. [PMID: 26146022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The complexation properties toward Pb(2+) and Bi(3+) of the macrocyclic ligands 6,6'-((1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,7-diyl)bis(methylene))dipicolinic acid (H2do2pa) and 6,6'-((4,10-dimethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,7-diyl)bis(methylene))dipicolinic acid (H2Me-do2pa) have been investigated. A new three-step synthesis of H2do2pa following the bisaminal methodology has also been developed. The X-ray structures of [Pb(Me-do2pa)]·6H2O and [Bi(Me-do2pa)](NO3)·H2O show that the two metal ions are eight-coordinated by the ligand. The two complexes exist as the racemic Δ(δδδδ)/Λ(λλλλ) mixture both in the solid state and in solution, as indicated by NMR and DFT studies. The stability constants of the lead(II) and bismuth(III) complexes of the two ligands were determined in 0.5 M KCl using potentiometric and spectrophotometric techniques. The stability constants determined for the complexes of Pb(2+) are relatively high (log KML = 16.44 and 18.44 for H2do2pa and H2Me-do2pa, respectively) and exceptionally high for the complexes of Bi(3+) (log KML = 32.0 and 34.2 for H2do2pa and H2Me-do2pa, respectively). The [Pb(Me-do2pa)] complex presents rather fast formation and very good kinetic inertness toward transchelation. Additionally, the [Bi(Me-do2pa)](+) complex was found to present a remarkably fast complexation rate (full complexation in ∼2 min at pH 5.0, acetate buffer) and a very good kinetic inertness with respect to metal ion dissociation (half-life of 23.9 min in 1 M HCl), showing promise for potential applications in α-radioimmunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís M P Lima
- †Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR-CNRS 6521, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, 6 avenue Victor le Gorgeu, C.S. 93837, 29238 BREST Cedex 3, France.,‡Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maryline Beyler
- †Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR-CNRS 6521, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, 6 avenue Victor le Gorgeu, C.S. 93837, 29238 BREST Cedex 3, France
| | - Rita Delgado
- ‡Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- §Departamento de Química Fundamental, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira-Rúa da Fraga 10, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Raphaël Tripier
- †Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR-CNRS 6521, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, 6 avenue Victor le Gorgeu, C.S. 93837, 29238 BREST Cedex 3, France
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58
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Evaluation of nitrogen-rich macrocyclic ligands for the chelation of therapeutic bismuth radioisotopes. Nucl Med Biol 2015; 42:428-438. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Reitkopf-Brodutch S, Confino H, Schmidt M, Cooks T, Efrati M, Arazi L, Rath-Wolfson L, Marshak G, Kelson I, Keisari Y. Ablation of experimental colon cancer by intratumoral 224Radium-loaded wires is mediated by alpha particles released from atoms which spread in the tumor and can be augmented by chemotherapy. Int J Radiat Biol 2015; 91:179-86. [PMID: 25179346 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2015.959666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We developed (224)Ra-loaded wires, which release by recoil alpha emitting nuclei into solid tumors and cause tumor cell killing. This research examined if the major damage was inflicted by alpha particles emitted from these atoms or by direct gamma and beta emissions from the inserted wires. We also examined the efficacy of this treatment against colon cancer in combination with chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mouse colon carcinomas (CT-26 xenografts), treated by intra-tumoral radioactive wires loaded with (224)Ra atoms were monitored for effects on tumor growth, intratumoral tissue damage and distribution of alpha emitting atoms. The effects were compared with those of (224)Ra-loaded wires coated with poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA), which blocks atom recoil. Similar experiments were performed with radioactive wires combined with systemic 5-FU. RESULTS (224)Ra-loaded wires inhibited tumor growth and formed necrotic areas inside the tumor. PMMA coated wires did not inhibit tumor growth, and caused minor intratumoral damage. Autoradiography images of tumors treated with (224)Ra-loaded wires revealed a spread of alpha emitters over several mm, whereas PMMA-coated wires showed no such spread. Injection of 5-FU with (224)Ra-loaded wires augmented tumor growth retardation and cure. CONCLUSIONS (224)Ra-loaded wires ablate solid tumors by the release of alpha-particle emitting atoms inside the tissue, an effect that can be enhanced by combining this method with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Reitkopf-Brodutch
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
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Abstract
Radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) involves the use of radionuclides that are either conjugated to tumor-targeting agents (e.g., nanoscale constructs, antibodies, peptides, and small molecules) or concentrated in tissue through natural physiological mechanisms that occur predominantly in neoplastic or otherwise targeted cells (e.g., Graves disease). The ability to collect pharmacokinetic data by imaging and use this to perform dosimetry calculations for treatment planning distinguishes RPT from other systemic treatment modalities such as chemotherapy, wherein imaging is not generally used. Treatment planning has not been widely adopted, in part, because early attempts to relate dosimetry to outcome were not successful. This was partially because a dosimetry methodology appropriate to risk evaluation rather than efficacy and toxicity was being applied to RPT. The weakest links in both diagnostic and therapeutic dosimetry are the accuracy of the input and the reliability of the radiobiological models used to convert dosimetric data to the relevant biologic end points. Dosimetry for RPT places a greater demand on both of these weak links. To date, most dosimetric studies have been retrospective, with a focus on tumor dose-response correlations rather than prospective treatment planning. In this regard, transarterial radioembolization also known as intra-arterial radiation therapy, which uses radiolabeled ((90)Y) microspheres of glass or resin to treat lesions in the liver holds much promise for more widespread dosimetric treatment planning. The recent interest in RPT with alpha-particle emitters has highlighted the need to adopt a dosimetry methodology that specifically accounts for the unique aspects of alpha particles. The short range of alpha-particle emitters means that in cases in which the distribution of activity is localized to specific functional components or cell types of an organ, the absorbed dose will be equally localized and dosimetric calculations on the scale of organs or even voxels (~5mm) are no longer sufficient. This limitation may be overcome by using preclinical models to implement macromodeling to micromodeling. In contrast to chemotherapy, RPT offers the possibility of evaluating radiopharmaceutical distributions, calculating tumor and normal tissue absorbed doses, and devising a treatment plan that is optimal for a specific patient or specific group of patients.
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Knapp FF, Pillai MRA, Osso JA, Dash A. Re-emergence of the important role of radionuclide generators to provide diagnostic and therapeutic radionuclides to meet future research and clinical demands. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3642-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Synthesis of bifunctional chelating agents based on mono and diphosphonic derivatives of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Abstract
Medical oncology is moving toward personalized and precision treatments. This evolution is spearheaded by ongoing discoveries on the fundamental machinery that controls tumor and hosts microenvironment biological behavior. α-Particles with their high energy and short range had long been recognized as potentially useful in the treatment of cancer. More than a century after the discovery of radium by the Curies, 223Ra dichloride is now available in the expanding armamentarium of therapies for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. This advance occurs in the context of several other novel therapeutics in advanced prostate cancer that include more effective androgen receptor pathway inhibition, better chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. We present a concise review on the therapeutic use of 223Ra dichloride in this clinically important setting including excerpts on the radium history, physical properties, the alpharadin in symptomatic prostate cancer clinical trial, and practical information on its use in the clinic. It is anticipated that, with the current emergence of 223Ra as a viable form of therapy, interest in and use of α-particle therapy in the management of cancer will grow.
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Radiolabeling of HTE1PA: A new monopicolinate cyclam derivative for Cu-64 phenotypic imaging. In vitro and in vivo stability studies in mice. Nucl Med Biol 2014; 41 Suppl:e49-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
α-particle-emitting radionuclides are highly cytotoxic and are thus promising candidates for use in targeted radioimmunotherapy of cancer. Due to their high linear energy transfer (LET) combined with a short path length in tissue, α-particles cause severe DNA double-strand breaks that are repaired inaccurately and finally trigger cell death. For radioimmunotherapy, α-emitters such as 225Ac, 211At, 212Bi/212Pb, 213Bi and 227Th are coupled to antibodies via appropriate chelating agents. The α-emitter immunoconjugates preferably target proteins that are overexpressed or exclusively expressed on cancer cells. Application of α-emitter immunoconjugates seems particularly promising in treatment of disseminated cancer cells and small tumor cell clusters that are released during the resection of a primary tumor. α-emitter immunoconjugates have been successfully administered in numerous experimental studies for therapy of ovarian, colon, gastric, blood, breast and bladder cancer. Initial clinical trials evaluating α-emitter immunoconjugates in terms of toxicity and therapeutic efficacy have also shown positive results in patients with melanoma, ovarian cancer, acute myeloid lymphoma and glioma. The present problems in terms of availability of therapeutically effiective α-emitters will presumably be solved by use of alternative production routes and installation of additional production facilities in the near future. Therefore, clinical establishment of targeted α-emitter radioimmunotherapy as one part of a multimodal concept for therapy of cancer is a promising, middle-term concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christof Seidl
- Technische Universität München, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
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Targeted alpha-therapy using [Bi-213]anti-CD20 as novel treatment option for radio- and chemoresistant non-Hodgkin lymphoma cells. Oncotarget 2014; 4:218-30. [PMID: 23474846 PMCID: PMC3712568 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) is an emerging treatment option for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) producing higher overall response and complete remission rates compared with unlabelled antibodies. However, the majority of patients treated with conventional or myeloablative doses of radiolabelled antibodies relapse. The development of RIT with alpha-emitters is attractive for a variety of cancers because of the high linear energy transfer (LET) and short path length of alpha-radiation in human tissue, allowing higher tumour cell kill and lower toxicity to healthy tissues. In this study, we investigated the molecular effects of the alpha-emitter Bi-213 labelled to anti-CD20 antibodies ([Bi-213]anti-CD20) on cell cycle and cell death in sensitive and radio-/chemoresistant NHL cells. [Bi-213]anti-CD20 induced apoptosis, activated caspase-3, caspase-2 and caspase-9 and cleaved PARP specifically in CD20-expressing sensitive as well as in chemoresistant, beta-radiation resistant and gamma-radiation resistant NHL cells. CD20 negative cells were not affected by [Bi-213]anti-CD20 and unspecific antibodies labelled with Bi-213 could not kill NHL cells. Breaking radio-/chemoresistance in NHL cells using [Bi-213]anti-CD20 depends on caspase activation as demonstrated by complete inhibition of [Bi-213]anti-CD20-induced apoptosis with zVAD.fmk, a specific inhibitor of caspases activation. This suggests that deficient activation of caspases was reversed in radioresistant NHL cells using [Bi-213]anti-CD20. Activation of mitochondria, resulting in caspase-9 activation was restored and downregulation of Bcl-xL and XIAP, death-inhibiting proteins, was found after [Bi-213]anti-CD20 treatment in radio-/chemosensitive and radio-/chemoresistant NHL cells. [Bi-213]anti-CD20 seems to be a promising radioimmunoconjugate to improve therapeutic success by breaking radio- and chemoresistance selectively in CD20-expressing NHL cells via re-activating apoptotic pathways through reversing deficient activation of caspases and the mitochondrial pathway and downregulation of XIAP and Bcl-xL.
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Lima LMP, Beyler M, Oukhatar F, Le Saec P, Faivre-Chauvet A, Platas-Iglesias C, Delgado R, Tripier R. H2Me-do2pa: an attractive chelator with fast, stable and inert natBi3+ and 213Bi3+ complexation for potential α-radioimmunotherapy applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:12371-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05529b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
H2Me-do2pa was found to be an efficient ligand for the complexation of Bi3+ and proved to be very attractive for its use for RIT applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís M. P. Lima
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale
- UMR-CNRS 6521
- UFR des Sciences et Techniques
- 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier
| | - Maryline Beyler
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale
- UMR-CNRS 6521
- UFR des Sciences et Techniques
- 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Fatima Oukhatar
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale
- UMR-CNRS 6521
- UFR des Sciences et Techniques
- 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Patricia Le Saec
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers (CRCNA)
- Unité INSERM 892 – CNRS 6299
- BP 70721 44007 Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Alain Faivre-Chauvet
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers (CRCNA)
- Unité INSERM 892 – CNRS 6299
- BP 70721 44007 Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Departamento de Química Fundamental
- Facultade de Ciencias
- Universidade da Coruña
- 15008 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Rita Delgado
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa
- 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Raphaël Tripier
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale
- UMR-CNRS 6521
- UFR des Sciences et Techniques
- 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
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Das T, Pillai M. Options to meet the future global demand of radionuclides for radionuclide therapy. Nucl Med Biol 2013; 40:23-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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69
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Danielsson A, Claesson K, Parris TZ, Helou K, Nemes S, Elmroth K, Elgqvist J, Jensen H, Hultborn R. Differential gene expression in human fibroblasts after alpha-particle emitter211At compared with60Co irradiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2012; 89:250-8. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2013.746751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Abstract
In recent years, the chemical potential of bismuth and bismuth compounds has been actively exploited. Bismuth salts are known for their low toxicity, making them potential valuable reagents for large-scale synthesis, which becomes more obvious when dealing with products such as active pharmaceutical ingredients or synthetic intermediates. Conversely, bismuth compounds have been widely used in medicine. After extensive use in the treatments of syphilis and other bacterial infections before the advent of modern antibiotics, bismuth compounds remain important for the treatment of several gastrointestinal disorders and also exhibit antimicrobial properties and cytotoxic activity, among others. This review updates relevant advances in the past few years, concerning the application of bismuth reagents and catalysts in innovative synthetic processes for the preparation of compounds of medicinal interest, as well as the preparation, biological evaluation and potential medicinal uses of bismuth compounds.
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71
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Carroll V, Demoin DW, Hoffman TJ, Jurisson SS. Inorganic chemistry in nuclear imaging and radiotherapy: current and future directions. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2012; 100:653-667. [PMID: 25382874 PMCID: PMC4221859 DOI: 10.1524/ract.2012.1964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Radiometals play an important role in diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. This field of radiochemistry is multidisciplinary, involving radiometal production, separation of the radiometal from its target, chelate design for complexing the radiometal in a biologically stable environment, specific targeting of the radiometal to its in vivo site, and nuclear imaging and/or radiotherapy applications of the resultant radiopharmaceutical. The critical importance of inorganic chemistry in the design and application of radiometal-containing imaging and therapy agents is described from a historical perspective to future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Timothy J Hoffman
- Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Kalanxhi E, Dahle J. Transcriptional responses in irradiated and bystander fibroblasts after low dose α-particle radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2012; 88:713-9. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2012.704657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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High molecular mass radioimmunoconjugates are promising for intraperitoneal α-emitter immunotherapy due to prolonged retention in the peritoneum. Nucl Med Biol 2012; 39:617-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Horev-Drori G, Cooks T, Bittan H, Lazarov E, Schmidt M, Arazi L, Efrati M, Kelson I, Keisari Y. Local control of experimental malignant pancreatic tumors by treatment with a combination of chemotherapy and intratumoral 224radium-loaded wires releasing alpha-emitting atoms. Transl Res 2012; 159:32-41. [PMID: 22153808 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2011] [Revised: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We developed (224)Ra-loaded wires that when inserted into solid tumors, release radioactive atoms that spread in the tumor and irradiate it effectively with alpha particles (diffusing alpha-emitters radiation therapy [DaRT]). In this study, we tested the ability of intratumoral (224)Ra-loaded wires to control the local growth of pancreatic tumors and the enhancement of this effect by chemotherapy. Pancreatic mouse tumors (Panc02) were treated with (224)Ra-loaded wire(s) with or without gemcitabine. The tumor size and survival were monitored, and autoradiography was performed to evaluate the spread of radioactive atoms inside the tumor. Mouse and human pancreatic cancer cells, irradiated in vitro by alpha particles with or without chemotherapy, were evaluated for cell growth inhibition. The insertion of (224)Ra-loaded wires into pancreatic tumors in combination with gemcitabine achieved significant local control and was superior to each treatment alone. A dosimetric analysis showed the spread of radioactive atoms in the tumor around the wires. Alpha particles combined with gemcitabine or 5-FU killed mouse and human cells in vitro better than each treatment alone. DaRT in combination with gemcitabine was proven effective against pancreatic tumors in vivo and in vitro, and the process may be applicable as a palliative treatment for patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galit Horev-Drori
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Abstract
The effectiveness of targeted α-therapy (TAT) can be explained by the properties of α-particles. Alpha particles are helium nuclei and are ~8,000 times larger than β(-)-particles (electrons). When emitted from radionuclides that decay via an α-decay pathway, they release enormous amounts of energy over a very short distance. Typically, the range of α-particles in tissue is 50-100 μm and they have high linear energy transfer (LET) with a mean energy deposition of 100 keV/μm, providing a more specific tumor cell killing ability without damage to the surrounding normal tissues than β(-)-emitters. Due to these properties, the majority of pre-clinical and clinical trials have demonstrated that α-emitters such as (225)Ac, (211)At, (212)Bi, (213)Bi, (212)Pb, (223)Ra, and (227)Th are ideal for the treatment of smaller tumor burdens, micrometastatic disease, and disseminated disease. Even though these α-emitters have favorable properties, the development of TAT has been limited by high costs, unresolved chemistry, and limited availability of the radionuclides. To overcome these limitations, more potent isotopes, additional sources, and more efficient isotope production methods should be addressed. Furthermore, better chelation and labeling methods with the improvements of isotope delivery, targeting vehicles, molecular targets, and identification of appropriate clinical applications are still required.
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76
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Chamarthy MR, Williams SC, Moadel RM. Radioimmunotherapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: from the 'magic bullets' to 'radioactive magic bullets'. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2011; 84:391-407. [PMID: 22180677 PMCID: PMC3238311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) of lymphoma with Zevalin and Bexxar was approved by FDA in 2002 and 2003, respectively, for the treatment of relapsed or refractory CD20+ follicular B-cell non-Hodgkin´s lymphoma. In 2009, Zevalin was also approved for consolidation therapy in patients with follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that achieve a partial or complete response to first-line chemotherapy. For follicular lymphoma patients, the overall response and progression-free survival rates have significantly improved since the implementation of RIT. The predominant complication of RIT is hematological toxicity that is usually manageable. There are ongoing trials to further define the expanding role of RIT as first line or concomitant therapy in the treatment of lymphoma as well as for certain antibiotic resistant infections and aggressive malignancies. There is also growing interest in the development of newer protocols for increased and more uniform dose delivery resulting in better outcomes and improved patient survival. This review will primarily focus on the role of RIT in treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, which is of established clinical utility and FDA approved. The mechanism of RIT, available radionuclides and pharmacokinetics, therapy administration, clinical utility and toxicities, and future directions would be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott C. Williams
- Department of Radiology, Bridgeport Hospital, Bridgeport, Connecticut
| | - Renee M. Moadel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
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77
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Pretargeted radioimmunotherapy of colorectal cancer metastases: models and pharmacokinetics predict influence of the physical and radiochemical properties of the radionuclide. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2011; 38:2153-64. [PMID: 21858527 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-011-1903-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated influences of pretargeting variables, tumor location, and radionuclides in pretargeted radioimmunotherapy (PRIT) as well as estimated tumor absorbed doses. METHODS LS-174T human colonic carcinoma cells expressing carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were inoculated in nude mice. Biodistribution of a bispecific anti-CEA x anti-hapten antibody, TF2, and of a TF2-pretargeted peptide was assessed and a multi-compartment pharmacokinetic model was devised. Tissue absorbed doses were calculated for (131)I, (177)Lu, (90)Y, (211)At, and (213)Bi using realistic specific activities. RESULTS Under conditions optimized for tumor imaging (10:1 TF2 to peptide molar ratio, interval time 15-24 h), tumor uptake reached ∼9 ID/g in subcutaneous tumors at 2 h with very low accretion in normal tissues (tumor to blood ratio >20:1 after 2 h). For a low dose of peptide (0.04 nmol), (211)At is predicted to deliver a high absorbed dose to tumors [41.5 Gy considering a relative biologic effect (RBE) of 5], kidneys being dose-limiting. (90)Y and (213)Bi would also deliver high absorbed doses to tumor (18.6 for (90)Y and 26.5 Gy for (213)Bi, taking RBE into account, for 0.1 nmol) and acceptable absorbed doses to kidneys. With hepatic metastases, a twofold higher tumor absorbed dose is expected. Owing to the low activities measured in blood, the bone marrow absorbed dose is expected to be without significant toxicity. CONCLUSION Pretargeting achieves high tumor uptake and higher tumor to background ratios compared to direct RIT. Short-lived radionuclides are predicted to deliver high tumor absorbed doses especially (211)At, with kidneys being the dose-limiting organ. (177)Lu and (131)I should be considered for repeated injections.
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Wild D, Frischknecht M, Zhang H, Morgenstern A, Bruchertseifer F, Boisclair J, Provencher-Bolliger A, Reubi JC, Maecke HR. Alpha- versus Beta-Particle Radiopeptide Therapy in a Human Prostate Cancer Model (213Bi-DOTA-PESIN and 213Bi-AMBA versus177Lu-DOTA-PESIN). Cancer Res 2011; 71:1009-18. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-1186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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79
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Gac SL, Najjari B, Motreff N, Saec PRL, Faivre-Chauvet A, Dimanche-Boitrel MT, Morgenstern A, Bruchertseifer F, Lachkar M, Boitrel B. Unprecedented incorporation of α-emitter radioisotope 213Bi into porphyrin chelates with reference to a daughter isotope mediated assistance mechanism. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:8554-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc12455b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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80
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Escorcia FE, Henke E, McDevitt MR, Villa CH, Smith-Jones P, Blasberg RG, Benezra R, Scheinberg DA. Selective killing of tumor neovasculature paradoxically improves chemotherapy delivery to tumors. Cancer Res 2010; 70:9277-86. [PMID: 21045141 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-2029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antiangiogenic therapies are frequently used with concomitantly administered cancer chemotherapy to improve outcomes, but the mechanism for the benefit of the combination is uncertain. We describe a mechanism by which a specific, cytotoxic antivascular agent causes vascular remodeling and improved chemotherapy results. By selectively killing tumor neovasculature using short-ranged α-particles targeted to vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin on vascular endothelial cells (by use of 225Ac-labeled E4G10 antibody) we were able both to reduce tumor growth and to increase the efficacy of chemotherapy, an effect seen only when the chemotherapy was administered several days after the vascular targeting agent, but not if the order of administration was reversed. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence studies showed that the vasculature of 225Ac-E4G10-treated tumors was substantially depleted; the remaining vessels appeared more mature morphologically and displayed increased pericyte density and coverage. Tumor uptake and microdistribution studies with radioactive and fluorescent small molecule drugs showed better accumulation and more homogenous distribution of the drugs within 225Ac-E4G10-treated tumors. These results show that 225Ac-E4G10 treatment leads to ablation and improvement of the tumor vascular architecture, and also show that the resulting vascular remodeling can increase tumor delivery of small molecules, thus providing a process for the improved outcomes observed after combining antivascular therapy and chemotherapy. This study directly shows evidence for what has long been a speculated mechanism for antiangiogenic therapies. Moreover, targeting the vessel for killing provides an alternative mode of improving chemotherapy delivery and efficacy, potentially avoiding some of the drawbacks of targeting a highly redundant angiogenic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy E Escorcia
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, and Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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81
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Wilbur DS, Chyan MK, Hamlin DK, Perry MA. Preparation and in vivo evaluation of radioiodinated closo-decaborate(2-) derivatives to identify structural components that provide low retention in tissues. Nucl Med Biol 2010; 37:167-78. [PMID: 20152716 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2009.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2009] [Revised: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In vivo deastatination of (211)At-labeled biomolecules can severely limit their use in endoradiotherapy. Our studies have shown that the use of closo-decaborate(2-) moiety for (211)At-labeling of biomolecules provides high in vivo stability towards deastatination. However, data from those studies have also been suggestive that some astatinated closo-decaborate(2-) catabolites may be retained in tissues. In this study, we investigated the in vivo distributions of several structurally simple closo-decaborate(2-) derivatives to gain information on the effects of functional groups if catabolites are released into the blood system from the carrier biomolecule. METHODS Thirteen closo-decaborate(2-) derivatives were synthesized and radioiodinated for evaluation. Tissue concentrations of the radioiodinated compounds were obtained in groups of five mice at 1 and 4 h postinjection (pi). Dual-label ((125)I and (131)I) experiments permitted evaluation of two compounds in each set of mice. RESULTS All of the target compounds were readily synthesized. Radioiodination reactions were conducted with chloramine-T and Na[(125/131)I]I in water to give high yields (75-96%) of the desired compounds. Biodistribution data at 1 and 4 h pi (representing catabolites released into the blood system) showed small differences in tissue concentrations for some compounds, but large differences for others. The results indicate that formal (overall) charge on the compounds could not be used as a predictor of tissue localization or retention. However, derivatives containing carboxylate groups generally had lower tissue concentrations. Acid cleavable hydrazone functionalities appeared to be the best candidates for further study. CONCLUSIONS Further studies incorporating hydrazone functionalities into pendant groups for biomolecule radiohalogenation are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Scott Wilbur
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
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82
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Milenic DE, Brady ED, Garmestani K, Albert PS, Abdulla A, Brechbiel MW. Improved efficacy of alpha-particle-targeted radiation therapy: dual targeting of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 and tumor-associated glycoprotein 72. Cancer 2010; 116:1059-66. [PMID: 20127951 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.24793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) and tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 (TAG-72) have proven to be excellent molecular targets for cancer imaging and therapy. Trastuzumab, which binds to HER-2, is effective in the treatment of disseminated intraperitoneal disease when labeled with (213)Bi or (212)Pb. (213)Bi-humanized CC49 monoclonal antibody (HuCC49DeltaCH2), which binds to TAG-72, inhibits the growth of subcutaneous xenografts. A next logical step to improve therapeutic benefit would be to target tumors with both molecules simultaneously. METHODS Athymic mice bearing intraperitoneal human colon carcinoma xenografts were treated with a combination of trastuzumab and HuCC49DeltaCH2 labeled with (213)Bi administered through an intraperitoneal route. The sequence of administration also was examined. RESULTS Before combining the 2 monoclonal antibodies, the effective doses of (213)Bi-CC49DeltaCH2 and (213)Bi-trastuzumab for the treatment of peritoneal disease were determined to be 500 muCi for each labeled antibody. Treatment with (213)Bi-HuCC49DeltaCH2 resulted in a median survival of 45 days and was comparable to the median survival achieved with (213)Bi-trastuzumab. Each combination provided greater therapeutic efficacy than either of the agents given alone. However, the greatest therapeutic benefit was achieved when (213)Bi-HuCC49DeltaCH2 and (213)Bi-trastuzumab were coinjected, and a median survival of 147 days was obtained. CONCLUSIONS Dual targeting of 2 distinct molecules in tumors such as TAG-72 and HER-2 with alpha-particle radiation resulted in an enhanced, additive, therapeutic benefit. The authors also observed that this radioimmunotherapeutic strategy was well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane E Milenic
- Radioimmune and Inorganic Chemistry Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Quinn T, Zhang X, Miao Y. Targeted melanoma imaging and therapy with radiolabeled alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone peptide analogues. GIORN ITAL DERMAT V 2010; 145:245-58. [PMID: 20467398 PMCID: PMC2999912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Radiolabeled alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (a-MSH) analogues have been used to define the expression, affinity and function of the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1-R). The MC1-R is one of a family of five G-protein linker receptors, which is primarily involved in regulation of skin pigmentation. Over-expression of the MC1-R on melanoma tumor cells has made it an attractive target for the development of a-MSH peptide based imaging and therapeutic agents. Initially, the native a-MSH peptide was radiolabeled directly, but it suffered from low specific activity and poor stability. The addition of non-natural amino acids yielded a-MSH analogues with greater MC-1R affinity and stability. Furthermore, peptide cyclization via disulfide and lactam bond formation as well as site-specific metal coordination resulted in additional gains in receptor affinity and peptide stability in vitro and in vivo. Radiochemical stability of the a-MSH analogues was improved through the conjugation of metal chelators to the peptide's N-terminus or lysine residues for radionuclide coordination. In vitro cell binding studies demonstrated that the radiolabeled a-MSH analogues had low to subnanomolar affinities for the MC1-R. Biodistribution and imaging studies in the B16 mouse melanoma modeled showed rapid tumor uptake of the radiolabeled peptides, with the cyclic peptides demonstrating prolonged tumor retention. Cyclic a-MSH analogues labeled with beta and alpha emitting radionuclides demonstrated melanoma therapeutic efficacy in the B16 melanoma mouse model. Strong pre-clinical imaging and therapy data highlight the clinical potential use of radiolabeled a-MSH peptides for melanoma imaging and treatment of disseminated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Quinn
- Biochemistry Department, University of Missouri, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Administration Hospital Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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84
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Arazi L, Cooks T, Schmidt M, Keisari Y, Kelson I. The treatment of solid tumors by alpha emitters released from224Ra-loaded sources—internal dosimetry analysis. Phys Med Biol 2010; 55:1203-18. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/55/4/020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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85
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Bergeron DE, Zimmerman BE, Cessna JT. Development of secondary standards for 223Ra. Appl Radiat Isot 2009; 68:1367-70; discussion 1370. [PMID: 20005730 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Ra-223 is a bone-seeking alpha emitter currently being evaluated as a radiopharmaceutical. Concurrent with the primary standardization, NIST established that calibration factors currently used for radionuclide calibrators in the clinical setting give readings 5.7-8.7% higher than the NIST calibrated activity. This work describes the determination of calibration factors specific to dose vials and syringes. Using the calibration factors derived with standard ampoules to measure syringe activities can give readings up to 3.6% too high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis E Bergeron
- Physics Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
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86
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Pfost B, Seidl C, Autenrieth M, Saur D, Bruchertseifer F, Morgenstern A, Schwaiger M, Senekowitsch-Schmidtke R. Intravesical α-Radioimmunotherapy with 213Bi-Anti-EGFR-mAb Defeats Human Bladder Carcinoma in Xenografted Nude Mice. J Nucl Med 2009; 50:1700-8. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.109.065961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Eberle AN, Mild G. Receptor-mediated tumor targeting with radiopeptides. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2009; 29:1-37. [DOI: 10.1080/10799890902732823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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88
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Seidl C, Port M, Apostolidis C, Bruchertseifer F, Schwaiger M, Senekowitsch-Schmidtke R, Abend M. Differential gene expression triggered by highly cytotoxic alpha-emitter-immunoconjugates in gastric cancer cells. Invest New Drugs 2009; 28:49-60. [PMID: 19139817 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-008-9214-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2008] [Accepted: 12/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Immunoconjugates composed of the alpha-emitter (213)Bi and the monoclonal antibody d9MAb specifically target HSC45-M2 gastric cancer cells expressing mutant d9-E-cadherin. These conjugates efficiently killed tumor cells in a nude mouse peritoneal carcinomatosis model. To elucidate the molecular responses of HSC45-M2 cells to alpha-emitter irradiation, whole genome gene expression profiling was performed. For that purpose HSC45-M2 cells were incubated with lethal doses of (213)Bi-d9MAb. RNA was isolated at 6, 24 and 48 h after irradiation, transcribed into cDNA and hybridized to whole genome microarrays. Results of microarray analysis were validated using RTQ-PCR showing correspondence of approximately 90%. Following incubation with (213)Bi-d9MAb, 682-1125 genes showed upregulation and 666-1278 genes showed downregulation at one time point, each. Eight genes appeared upregulated and 12 genes downregulated throughout. Molecular functions and biological processes of differentially expressed genes were categorized according to the PANTHER database. Following (213)Bi-d9MAb irradiation also a time-dependent shift in terms of overrepresentation of biological processes was observed. Among the genes showing continuous upregulation, COL4A2, NEDD9 and C3 have not been associated with the cellular response to high LET radiation so far. The same holds true for WWP2, RFX3, HIST4H4 and JADE1 that showed continuous downregulation. According to PANTHER, three of the consistently upregulated (ITM2C, FLJ11000, MSMB) and downregulated (HCG9, GAS2L3, FLJ21439) genes, respectively, have not been associated with any biological process or molecular function so far. Thus, these findings revealed interesting new targets for selective elimination of tumor cells and new insights regarding response of tumor cells to alpha-emitter exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christof Seidl
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
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Veeravagu A, Liu Z, Niu G, Chen K, Jia B, Cai W, Jin C, Hsu AR, Connolly AJ, Tse V, Wang F, Chen X. Integrin αvβ3-Targeted Radioimmunotherapy of Glioblastoma Multiforme. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:7330-9. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-0797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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90
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Alpha-particle radioimmunotherapy with astatine-211 and bismuth-213. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2008; 35:1729-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-008-0856-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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