51
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López-López C, Colodrero S, Raga SR, Lindström H, Fabregat-Santiago F, Bisquert J, Míguez H. Enhanced diffusion through porous nanoparticle optical multilayers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm15202e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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52
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Advancing Nanostructured Porous Si-Based Optical Transducers for Label Free Bacteria Detection. NANO-BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOMEDICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH 2012; 733:37-45. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2555-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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53
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Ciampi S, Guan B, Darwish NA, Zhu Y, Reece PJ, Justin Gooding J. A multimodal optical and electrochemical device for monitoring surface reactions: redox active surfaces in porous silicon Rugate filters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:16433-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp43461j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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54
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Leinartas K, Miečinskas P, Selskis A, Janušonienė V, Galdikas A, Ulbikas J, Šetkus A, Kaliasas R, Juzeliunas E. Formation of gold-capped silicon nanocolumns on silicon substrate. J Solid State Electrochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-011-1442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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55
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Bonanno LM, Segal E. Nanostructured porous silicon–polymer-based hybrids: from biosensing to drug delivery. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2011; 6:1755-70. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic–inorganic hybrids with controlled morphology at the nanometer scale represent an exciting class of materials that can display unique properties that are culminated by the characteristics of each building block. Recent research highlights their potential as biomimetic composites and application in biosensing, lab-on-chip devices, drug delivery and tissue engineering. Here we focus on the emerging class of biomaterials that integrate polymers with nanostructured porous silicon and emphasize the design of advanced ‘smart’ functions. Porous silicon is an appealing biomaterial due to the ease of tuning its many attractive properties, including pore morphology, photonic properties, biocompatibility, biodegradation and surface chemistry. An overview is presented of the principle concepts of design and fabrication of porous silicon–polymer hybrids. Current achievements in biomedical applications are reviewed and future prospects and challenges for healthcare technologies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Bonanno
- Department of Biotechnology & Food Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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56
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Gooding JJ, Darwish N. The rise of self-assembled monolayers for fabricating electrochemical biosensors-an interfacial perspective. CHEM REC 2011; 12:92-105. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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57
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Okamoto H, Sugiyama Y, Nakano H. Synthesis and Modification of Silicon Nanosheets and Other Silicon Nanomaterials. Chemistry 2011; 17:9864-87. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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58
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Li Y, Cai C. Click chemistry-based functionalization on non-oxidized silicon substrates. Chem Asian J 2011; 6:2592-605. [PMID: 21751406 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201100294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), combined with the chemical stability of the Si-C-bound organic layer, serves as an efficient tool for the modification of silicon substrates, particularly for the immobilization of complex biomolecules. This review covers recent advances in the preparation of alkynyl- or azido-terminated "clickable" platforms on non-oxidized silicon and their further derivatization by means of the CuAAC reaction. The exploitation of these "click"-functionalized organic thin films as model surfaces to study many biological events was also addressed, as they are directly relevant to the on-going effort of creating silicon-based molecular electronics and chemical/biomolecular sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Materials Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
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59
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Gold-coated magnetic nanoparticles as “dispersible electrodes” – Understanding their electrochemical performance. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2010.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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60
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Massad-Ivanir N, Shtenberg G, Tzur A, Krepker MA, Segal E. Engineering Nanostructured Porous SiO2 Surfaces for Bacteria Detection via “Direct Cell Capture”. Anal Chem 2011; 83:3282-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac200407w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naama Massad-Ivanir
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, ‡The Interdepartmental Program of Biotechnology, and §The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Giorgi Shtenberg
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, ‡The Interdepartmental Program of Biotechnology, and §The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Adi Tzur
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, ‡The Interdepartmental Program of Biotechnology, and §The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Maksym A. Krepker
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, ‡The Interdepartmental Program of Biotechnology, and §The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Ester Segal
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, ‡The Interdepartmental Program of Biotechnology, and §The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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61
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Guan B, Ciampi S, Le Saux G, Gaus K, Reece PJ, Gooding JJ. Different functionalization of the internal and external surfaces in mesoporous materials for biosensing applications using "click" chemistry. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:328-334. [PMID: 21141983 DOI: 10.1021/la102599m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report the use of copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC) to selectively functionalize the internal and external surfaces of mesoporous materials. Porous silicon rugate filters with narrow line width reflectivity peaks were employed to demonstrate this selective surface functionalization approach. Hydrosilylation of a dialkyne species, 1,8-nonadiyne, was performed to stabilize the freshly fabricated porous silicon rugate filters against oxidation and to allow for further chemical derivatization via "click" CuAAC reactions. The external surface was modified through CuAAC reactions performed in the absence of nitrogen-based Cu(I)-stabilizing species (i.e., ligand-free reactions). To subsequently modify the interior pore surface, stabilization of the Cu(I) catalyst was required. Optical reflectivity measurements, water contact angle measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to demonstrate the ability of the derivatization approach to selectively modify mesoporous materials with different surface chemistry on the exterior and interior surfaces. Furthermore, porous silicon rugate filters modified externally with the cell-adhesive peptide Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (GRGDS) allowed for cell adhesion via formation of focal adhesion points. Results presented here demonstrate a general approach to selectively modify mesoporous silicon samples with potential applications for cell-based biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Guan
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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62
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Guan B, Magenau A, Kilian KA, Ciampi S, Gaus K, Reece PJ, Gooding JJ. Mesoporous silicon photonic crystal microparticles: towards single-cell optical biosensors. Faraday Discuss 2011; 149:301-17; discussion 333-56. [DOI: 10.1039/c005340f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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63
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Yang W, Lopez PJ, Rosengarten G. Diatoms: Self assembled silicananostructures, and templates for bio/chemical sensors and biomimetic membranes. Analyst 2011; 136:42-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00602e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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64
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Gooding JJ, Ciampi S. The molecular level modification of surfaces: from self-assembled monolayers to complex molecular assemblies. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:2704-18. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00139b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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65
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Qin G, Santos C, Zhang W, Li Y, Kumar A, Erasquin UJ, Liu K, Muradov P, Trautner BW, Cai C. Biofunctionalization on alkylated silicon substrate surfaces via "click" chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:16432-41. [PMID: 21033708 PMCID: PMC3059218 DOI: 10.1021/ja1025497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Biofunctionalization of silicon substrates is important to the development of silicon-based biosensors and devices. Compared to conventional organosiloxane films on silicon oxide intermediate layers, organic monolayers directly bound to the nonoxidized silicon substrates via Si-C bonds enhance the sensitivity of detection and the stability against hydrolytic cleavage. Such monolayers presenting a high density of terminal alkynyl groups for bioconjugation via copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC, a "click" reaction) were reported. However, yields of the CuAAC reactions on these monolayer platforms were low. Also, the nonspecific adsorption of proteins on the resultant surfaces remained a major obstacle for many potential biological applications. Herein, we report a new type of "clickable" monolayers grown by selective, photoactivated surface hydrosilylation of α,ω-alkenynes, where the alkynyl terminal is protected with a trimethylgermanyl (TMG) group, on hydrogen-terminated silicon substrates. The TMG groups on the film are readily removed in aqueous solutions in the presence of Cu(I). Significantly, the degermanylation and the subsequent CuAAC reaction with various azides could be combined into a single step in good yields. Thus, oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) with an azido tag was attached to the TMG-alkyne surfaces, leading to OEG-terminated surfaces that reduced the nonspecific adsorption of protein (fibrinogen) by >98%. The CuAAC reaction could be performed in microarray format to generate arrays of mannose and biotin with varied densities on the protein-resistant OEG background. We also demonstrated that the monolayer platform could be functionalized with mannose for highly specific capturing of living targets (Escherichia coli expressing fimbriae) onto the silicon substrates.
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66
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Böcking T, Kilian KA, Reece PJ, Gaus K, Gal M, Gooding JJ. Substrate independent assembly of optical structures guided by biomolecular interactions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2010; 2:3270-3275. [PMID: 21053921 DOI: 10.1021/am1007084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The chip-scale integration of optical components is crucial for technologies as diverse as optical communications, optoelectronics displays, and photovoltaics. However, the realization of integrated optical devices from discrete components is often hampered by the lack of a universal substrate for achieving monolithic integration and by incompatibilities between materials. Emergent technologies such as chip-scale biophotonics, organic optoelectronics, and optofluidics present a host of new challenges for optical device integration, which cannot be solved with existing bonding techniques. Here, we report a new method for substrate independent integration of dissimilar optical components by way of biological recognition-directed assembly. Bonding in this scheme is achieved by locally modifying the substrate with a protein receptor and the optical component with a biomolecular ligand or vice versa. The key features of this new technology include substrate independent assembly, cross-platform vertical scale integration, and selective registration of components based on complementary biomolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Böcking
- School of Physics, School of Chemistry, and Centre for Vascular Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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67
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Mieszawska AJ, Nadkarni LD, Perry CC, Kaplan DL. Nanoscale control of silica particle formation via silk-silica fusion proteins for bone regeneration. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2010; 22:5780-5785. [PMID: 20976116 PMCID: PMC2956983 DOI: 10.1021/cm101940u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The biomimetic design of silk/silica fusion proteins was carried out, combining the self assembling domains of spider dragline silk (Nephila clavipes) and silaffin derived R5 peptide of Cylindrotheca fusiformis that is responsible for silica mineralization. Genetic engineering was used to generate the protein-based biomaterials incorporating the physical properties of both components. With genetic control over the nanodomain sizes and chemistry, as well as modification of synthetic conditions for silica formation, controlled mineralized silk films with different silica morphologies and distributions were successfully generated; generating 3D porous networks, clustered silica nanoparticles (SNPs), or single SNPs. Silk serves as the organic scaffolding to control the material stability and multiprocessing makes silk/silica biomaterials suitable for different tissue regenerative applications. The influence of these new silk-silica composite systems on osteogenesis was evaluated with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) subjected to osteogenic differentiation. hMSCs adhered, proliferated, and differentiated towards osteogenic lineages on the silk/silica films. The presence of the silica in the silk films influenced osteogenic gene expression, with the upregulation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and collagen type 1 (Col 1) markers. Evidence for early bone formation as calcium deposits was observed on silk films with silica. These results indicate the potential utility of these new silk/silica systems towards bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren D. Nadkarni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155
| | - Carole C. Perry
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK NG11 8NS
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155
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68
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Pei J, Tang Y, Xu N, Lu W, Xiao S, Liu J. Covalently derivatized NTA microarrays on porous silicon for multi-mode detection of His-tagged proteins. Sci China Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-010-4128-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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69
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Thompson CM, Nieuwoudt M, Ruminski AM, Sailor MJ, Miskelly GM. Electrochemical preparation of pore wall modification gradients across thin porous silicon layers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:7598-603. [PMID: 20218688 DOI: 10.1021/la904408h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Thin film porous silicon layers have been constructed in which the level of chemical modification to the pore walls is altered in a controlled gradient across the material. The gradient modification within such a nanoporous material represents a significant advance over gradients imposed across a flat surface. Gradients of methyl, pentyl acetate, and decyl groups are formed via electrochemical attachment of organohalides with an asymmetric electrode arrangement. The stability and hydrophobicity of the latter two systems have been improved through postprocess "end-capping" of the porous silicon with methyl groups. Two-dimensional mapping transmission FTIR microspectrophotometry and ATR-FTIR have been employed to characterize these new materials. Cleaving the surface-attached pentyl acetate groups to 5-hydroxypentyl groups leads to materials that can act as efficient visual indicators of the ethanol concentration in water over the range 1-10 vol %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrina M Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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70
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Salis A, Cugia F, Setzu S, Mula G, Monduzzi M. Effect of oxidation level of n+-type mesoporous silicon surface on the adsorption and the catalytic activity of Candida rugosa lipase. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 345:448-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Revised: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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71
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Yang W, Ratinac K, Ringer S, Thordarson P, Gooding J, Braet F. Kohlenstoffnanomaterialien für Biosensoren: Nanoröhren oder Graphen - was eignet sich besser? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200903463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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72
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Yang W, Ratinac K, Ringer S, Thordarson P, Gooding J, Braet F. Carbon Nanomaterials in Biosensors: Should You Use Nanotubes or Graphene? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:2114-38. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200903463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1192] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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73
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Goon IY, Lai LMH, Lim M, Amal R, Gooding JJ. ‘Dispersible electrodes’: a solution to slow response times of sensitive sensors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:8821-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc02690e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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74
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Ciampi S, Harper JB, Gooding JJ. Wet chemical routes to the assembly of organic monolayers on silicon surfaces via the formation of Si–C bonds: surface preparation, passivation and functionalization. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 39:2158-83. [DOI: 10.1039/b923890p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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75
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Le Saux G, Ciampi S, Gaus K, Gooding JJ. Electrochemical behavior of gold colloidal alkyl modified silicon surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2009; 1:2477-2483. [PMID: 20356117 DOI: 10.1021/am900427w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report on the production of nanoelectrode arrays by attaching colloidal gold on silicon-bound mixed self-assembled monolayers of TFA-protected alkenylthiol (C(11)-S-TFA) and undecylenic acid (acid). Effective modification of the surface, tethering of the nanoparticles, and the direct influence of the deprotected alkenylthiol (C(11)-SH) /acid ratio on the number of adherent particles were demonstrated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and atomic force microscopy. Cyclic voltammetry showed that the enhancement of electron transfer to the silicon surface by the presence of nanoparticles is influenced by the number of tethered nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Le Saux
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Vascular Research, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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76
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Hidalgo N, Calvo ME, Míguez H. Mesostructured thin films as responsive optical coatings of photonic crystals. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2009; 5:2309-2315. [PMID: 19517483 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200900411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A synthetic route is presented to attain high-optical-quality multilayered structures that result from coupling ordered mesoporous titanium oxide thin films to the surface of a dense one-dimensional photonic crystal. Such architectures present spectrally well-defined photon resonant modes localized in the outer coating that finely respond to physicochemically induced modifications of its pore volume. The potential of these porous coatings in detection of environmental changes through variations of the photonic response of the ensemble is demonstrated by performing isothermal optical reflectance measurements under controlled vapor-pressure conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Hidalgo
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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77
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Saint-Cricq P, Pigot T, Nicole L, Sanchez C, Lacombe S. Hybrid functional mesostructured thin films with photo-oxidative properties in the visible range. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:5281-3. [DOI: 10.1039/b911742c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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