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Zhang J, Chuesiang P, Kim JT, Shin GH. The role of nanostructured lipid carriers and type of biopolymers on the lipid digestion and release rate of curcumin from curcumin-loaded oleogels. Food Chem 2022; 392:133306. [PMID: 35636193 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin-nanostructured lipid carrier-loaded oleogels (Cur-NLC-OGs) have been developed with biopolymer cryogels as an efficient delivery system to overcome the extremely low water solubility and instability of curcumin. The effect of NLC and biopolymer types on the encapsulation and release of curcumin from Cur-OGs was investigated. Alginate, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and pectin solutions were firstly freeze dried to make biopolymer cryogels and they were mixed with Cur and Cur-NLC to obtain stable and self-standing Cur-OGs and Cur-NLC-OGs, respectively. As compared to Cur-OGs, Cur-NLC-OGs had higher encapsulation efficiency and showed slower release of curcumin under acidic condition. Although Cur-NLC affected the rapid release of free fatty acids, the Cur-NLC-OGs prepared with CMC cryogel was most efficient in delaying lipid digestion. Overall, NLC and CMC-based OGs could be effectively used to improve encapsulation efficiency and control lipolysis of lipid droplets. These results will be advantageous for the development of oleogels with desirable functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Piyanan Chuesiang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Tae Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BioNanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Gye Hwa Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea.
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Sosnowska D, Podsędek A, Kucharska AZ. Proanthocyanidins as the main pancreatic lipase inhibitors in chokeberry fruits. Food Funct 2022; 13:5616-5625. [PMID: 35506494 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04429j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic lipase inhibitors are recognized as important in strategies for the management of overweight and obesity. The phytocompounds in chokeberry fruit show multidirectional pro-health effects, including anti-obesity activity. The aims of this study were to fractionate and identify the phenolic compounds of chokeberry fruit phenolic-rich extract that are active as pancreatic lipase inhibitors. Phenolic compounds were fractionated using Sephadex LH-20 resin, followed by polyphenol profile analysis using chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods, while pancreatic inhibitory activity was determined using 4-methylumbelliferyl oleate and emulsified triolein as enzyme substrates. Among the six fractions isolated from extract, two fractions rich in highly polymerized proanthocyanidins showed the greatest ability to inhibit pancreatic lipase activity. In comparison, fractions containing mainly low-molecular-weight phenolic compounds, such as phenolic acids, flavonols and anthocyanins, were 11-64 times less active. The most active fraction showed a mixed mode of pancreatic lipase inhibition, as determined by Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis, and exhibited a cumulative effect with orlistat. This study shows that black chokeberry polyphenols, particularly highly polymerized procyanidins, can effectively inhibit pancreatic lipase activity determined by in vitro methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Sosnowska
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Anna Podsędek
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Alicja Z Kucharska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
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53
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Miedes D, Makran M, Barberá R, Cilla A, Alegría A, Garcia-Llatas G. Elderly gastrointestinal conditions increase sterol bioaccessibility in a plant sterol-enriched beverage: adaptation of the INFOGEST method. Food Funct 2022; 13:4478-4485. [PMID: 35343977 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04375g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Elderly people suffer from a higher cardiovascular risk. Thus, the fortification of foods with plant sterols (PSs), which have a cholesterol-lowering function, could be of great interest for this target group. To date, no studies have analyzed how the gastrointestinal conditions of the elderly affect PS bioaccessibility. Therefore, this study evaluated the impact of the adaptation of the gastric phase alone and in combination with the intestinal phase on sterol bioaccessibility. For this purpose, the standardized INFOGEST 2.0 method previously adapted for sterol bioaccessibility evaluation in healthy adults was applied to PS-enriched milk-based fruit beverages, examining changes in enzyme activity, incubation time, agitation and pH, based on elderly physiology. The results suggest that the specific gastrointestinal conditions of the elderly could increase absorption of PSs, since their bioaccessibility (%) in a PS-enriched milk-based fruit beverage was significantly increased compared with that in adults (14.95 ± 0.33 vs. 7.96 ± 0.26), also indicating that these conditions increase the bioaccessibility of the beverage's own cholesterol (61.25 ± 2.91 vs. 20.86 ± 2.79). These data support the recommendation of foods of this type for the elderly who can benefit from the increase in bioaccessibility of PSs to have an improved potential cholesterol lowering effect, thus decreasing their risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the performance of subsequent in vivo tests to confirm these results is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Miedes
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Mussa Makran
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Reyes Barberá
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Antonio Cilla
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Amparo Alegría
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Guadalupe Garcia-Llatas
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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54
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Tan Y, Zhou H, McClements DJ. Application of static in vitro digestion models for assessing the bioaccessibility of hydrophobic bioactives: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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55
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Sun Y, Zhong M, Wu L, Wang Q, Li Y, Qi B. Loading natural emulsions with nutraceuticals by ultrasonication: Formation and digestion properties of curcumin-loaded soybean oil bodies. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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56
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Hong L, Salentinig S. Functional food colloids: studying structure and interactions during digestion. Curr Opin Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2022.100817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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57
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Chen L, Yue B, Liu Z, Luo Y, Ni L, Zhou Z, Ge X. Study on the Preparation, Characterization, and Stability of Freeze-Dried Curcumin-Loaded Cochleates. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050710. [PMID: 35267344 PMCID: PMC8908975 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (CUR), a polyphenolic substance extracted from plants, has extensive pharmacological activities. However, CUR is difficult to be absorbed in the body due to its poor stability and low solubility. Studies have found that cochleates can be used as a new delivery system to encapsulate bioactive agents for the purpose of improving its stability and bioavailability. In this study, thin-film dispersion and trapping methods were used to prepare curcumin-loaded cochleates (CUR-Cochs). Then CUR-Cochs were characterized and the encapsulation efficiency was determined by HPLC. In addition, the freeze-drying process of CUR-Cochs was studied and related characterization was performed. CCK-8 assay was used to detect the cytotoxicity of cochleates carrier. Additionally, H2O2-induced cellular oxidative damage model were used to evaluate its antioxidant capacity. The results showed that the structure of CUR-Cochs was a spiral cylinder with an average particle size of 463.8 nm and zeta potential of −15.47 mV. The encapsulation efficiency was the highest (83.66 ± 0.8)% with 1:50 CUR-to-lipid mass ratio. In vitro results showed that cochleates had negligible cytotoxicity and owned antioxidant capacity, which provided the possibility for their applications in food and medicine. In general, the method herein might be a promising method to encapsulate CUR for further use as a bioactive agent in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Chen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (L.C.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Bowen Yue
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; (B.Y.); (L.N.)
| | - Zhiming Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (L.C.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yali Luo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (L.C.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Lu Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; (B.Y.); (L.N.)
| | - Zhiyong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; (B.Y.); (L.N.)
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (X.G.); Tel.: +86-0717-639-6818 (Z.Z.); +86-025-8542-7844 (X.G.)
| | - Xuemei Ge
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (L.C.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (X.G.); Tel.: +86-0717-639-6818 (Z.Z.); +86-025-8542-7844 (X.G.)
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58
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Verkempinck S, Guevara-Zambrano J, Infantes-Garcia M, Naranjo M, Soliva-Fortuny R, Elez-Martínez P, Grauwet T. Gastric and small intestinal lipid digestion kinetics as affected by the gradual addition of lipases and bile salts. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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59
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Whey- and Soy Protein Isolates Added to a Carrot-Tomato Juice Alter Carotenoid Bioavailability in Healthy Adults. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111748. [PMID: 34829619 PMCID: PMC8614763 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings suggested that proteins can differentially affect carotenoid bioaccessibility during gastro-intestinal digestion. In this crossover, randomized human trial, we aimed to confirm that proteins, specifically whey- and soy-protein isolates (WPI/SPI) impact postprandial carotenoid bioavailability. Healthy adults (n = 12 males, n = 12 females) were recruited. After 2-week washout periods, 350 g of a tomato-carrot juice mixture was served in the absence/presence of WPI or SPI (50% of the recommended dietary allowance, RDA ≈ 60 g/d). Absorption kinetics of carotenoids and triacylglycerols (TAGs) were evaluated via the triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein (TRL) fraction response, at timed intervals up to 10 h after test meal intake, on three occasions separated by 1 week. Maximum TRL-carotenoid concentration (Cmax) and corresponding time (Tmax) were also determined. Considering both genders and carotenoids/TAGs combined, the estimated area under the curve (AUC) for WPI increased by 45% vs. the control (p = 0.018), to 92.0 ± 1.7 nmol × h/L and by 57% vs. SPI (p = 0.006). Test meal effect was significant in males (p = 0.036), but not in females (p = 0.189). In males, significant differences were found for phytoene (p = 0.026), phytofluene (p = 0.004), α-carotene (p = 0.034), and β-carotene (p = 0.031). Cmax for total carotenoids (nmol/L ± SD) was positively influenced by WPI (135.4 ± 38.0), while significantly lowered by SPI (89.6 ± 17.3 nmol/L) vs. the control (119.6 ± 30.9, p < 0.001). Tmax did not change. The results suggest that a well-digestible protein could enhance carotenoid bioavailability, whereas the less digestible SPI results in negative effects. This is, to our knowledge, the first study finding effects of proteins on carotenoid absorption in humans.
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60
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Kalla-Bertholdt AM, Nguyen PV, Baier AK, Rauh C. Influence of dietary fiber on in-vitro lipid digestion of emulsions prepared with high-intensity ultrasound. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2021.102799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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61
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Unnikrishnan P, Puthenveetil Kizhakkethil B, Chalil George J, Sivam V, Panda SK, Ninan G, Zynudheen AA. Characterization of Health Beverage Fortified with Peptides from Yellowfin Tuna. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2021.1974631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parvathy Unnikrishnan
- Fish Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi-29, India
| | | | - Joshy Chalil George
- Fish Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi-29, India
| | - Visnuvinayagam Sivam
- Microbiology, Fermentation and Biotechnology, ICAR-CentralInstitute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi-29, India
| | - Satyen Kumar Panda
- Quality Assurance and Management, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi-29, India
| | - George Ninan
- Fish Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi-29, India
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Zhang M, Pan Y, Dong Q, Tang X, Xin Y, Yin B, Zhu J, Kou X, Ho CT, Huang Q. Development of organogel-based emulsions to enhance the loading and bioaccessibility of 5-demethylnobiletin. Food Res Int 2021; 148:110592. [PMID: 34507737 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
5-Demethylnobiletin (5-DMN), identified in the aged citrus peels, has received increasing attentions due to its outstanding bioactivity among citrus polymethoxyflavones (PMFs). However, the poor water solubility and high crystallinity limit its oral bioavailability. Besides, the solubility of 5-DMN in the oil is very limited, which restricts its loading capacity in emulsions for bioavailability enhancement. In this study, an organogel formulation was developed to improve the solubility of 5-DMN in medium-chain triacylglycerols by 3.5 times higher without crystal formation during 5-day storage at room temperature. Increasing the gelator (i.e., sugar ester) concentration led to the increase of viscosity and a gel-like structure of the organogel. The ternary phase diagram of organogel-based emulsions was explored, and 40% organogel was selected as the oil phase for emulsion preparation. Increasing the concentration of Tween 80 from 0% to 6% decreased the droplet size and viscoelasticity of the emulsions. Two in vitro models, the pH-stat lipolysis model and TNO gastro-intestinal model (TIM-1), were applied to investigate the bioaccessibility of 5-DMN in different delivery systems. Compared with the conventional emulsion and oil suspension, the pH-stat lipolysis demonstrated that the organogel-based emulsion was the most efficient tool to enhance 5-DMN bioacccessibility. Moreover, TIM-1 digestive study indicated that 5-DMN bioaccessibility delivered by organogel-based emulsions was about 3.26-fold higher than that of oil suspension. Our results suggested that the organogel-based emulsion was an effective delivery route to enhance the loading and bioaccessibility of lipophilic compounds of high crystallinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Yijun Pan
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Qiaoru Dong
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Xudong Tang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Yanping Xin
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, China
| | - Baoer Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Jieyu Zhu
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Xingran Kou
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Qingrong Huang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
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63
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Metabolism of Phenolics of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Roots under In Vitro Digestion and Colonic Fermentation as Well as Their In Vivo Antioxidant Activity in Rats. Foods 2021; 10:foods10092123. [PMID: 34574234 PMCID: PMC8470164 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg is a herbaceous perennial species distributed mainly in southern China. The Tetrastigma hemsleyanum root (THR) has been prevalently consumed as a functional tea or dietary supplement. In vitro digestion models, including colonic fermentation, were built to evaluate the release and stability of THR phenolics with the method of HPLC-QqQ-MS/MS and UPLC-Qtof-MS/MS. From the oral cavity, the contents of total phenolic and flavonoid began to degrade. Quercetin-3-rutinoside, quercetin-3-glucoside, kaempferol-3-rutinoside, and kaempferol-3-glucoside were metabolized as major components and they were absorbed in the form of glycosides for hepatic metabolism. On the other hand, the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, and glutathione (GSH) content were significantly increased, while malondialdehyde (MDA) content was decreased in plasma and tissues of rats treated with THR extract in the oxidative stress model. These results indicated that the THR extract is a good antioxidant substance and has good bioavailability, which can effectively prevent some chronic diseases caused by oxidative stress. It also provides a basis for the effectiveness of THR as a traditional functional food.
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64
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Infantes-Garcia M, Verkempinck S, Guevara-Zambrano J, Hendrickx M, Grauwet T. Development and validation of a rapid method to quantify neutral lipids by NP-HPLC-charged aerosol detector. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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65
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66
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Mirzadeh M, Keshavarz Lelekami A, Khedmat L. Plant/algal polysaccharides extracted by microwave: A review on hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, prebiotic, and immune-stimulatory effect. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 266:118134. [PMID: 34044950 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) is an emerging technology to obtain polysaccharides with an extensive spectrum of biological characteristics. In this study, the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, prebiotic, and immunomodulatory (e.g., antiinflammatory, anticoagulant, and phagocytic) effects of algal- and plant-derived polysaccharides rich in glucose, galactose, and mannose using MAE were comprehensively discussed. The in vitro and in vivo results showed that these bioactive macromolecules with the low digestibility rate could effectively alleviate the fatty acid-induced lipotoxicity, acute hemolysis, and dyslipidemia status. The optimally extracted glucomannan- and glucogalactan-containing polysaccharides revealed significant antidiabetic effects through inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase, improving dynamic insulin sensitivity and secretion, and promoting pancreatic β-cell proliferation. These bioactive macromolecules as prebiotics not only improve the digestibility in gastrointestinal tract but also reduce the survival rate of pathogens and tumor cells by activating macrophages and producing pro-inflammatory biomarkers and cytokines. They can effectively prevent gastrointestinal disorders and microbial infections without any toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monirsadat Mirzadeh
- Metabolic Disease Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Ali Keshavarz Lelekami
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Khedmat
- Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Li X, Pu Y, Xu Y, Cao J, Jiang W. Potential Hypolipidemic Effects of Banana Condensed Tannins Through the Interaction with Digestive Juice Components Related to Lipid Digestion. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:8703-8713. [PMID: 34324317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An in vitro intestinal model was used to evaluate the impact of banana condensed tannins (BCT) on the digestion of lipids (fat and cholesterol). BCT significantly suppressed the digestion of fat and cholesterol by interacting with digestive juice components. The interactions of BCT with a digestive juice mixture and its components (including bile acid, lipase, cholesterol esterase, CaCl2, NaCl, and cholesterol) were analyzed using turbidity, isothermal titration calorimetry, particle size distribution, zeta potential, and molecular docking analyses. The results showed that BCT reduced the digestion of lipids mainly via interaction with lipase, cholesterol esterase, bile acid, and cholesterol. Electrostatic CT-calcium ion complexes might reduce the extent of lipid digestion by decreasing the surface area of the lipid droplets exposed to the enzymes. This research provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of the interaction of BCT with digestive juice components related to lipid digestion that may affect the rate and extent of lipid digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxin Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghuadonglu Road, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yijing Pu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghuadonglu Road, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghuadonglu Road, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Jiankang Cao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghuadonglu Road, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Weibo Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghuadonglu Road, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
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68
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Outgoing and potential trends of the omega-3 rich linseed oil quality characteristics and rancidity management: A comprehensive review for maximizing its food and nutraceutical applications. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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69
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Lavado G, Higuero N, León-Camacho M, Cava R. Formation of Lipid and Protein Oxidation Products during In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion of Dry-Cured Loins with Different Contents of Nitrate/Nitrite Added. Foods 2021; 10:1748. [PMID: 34441526 PMCID: PMC8391222 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of nitrate/nitrite (0, 37.5, 75, and 150 mg/kg) in the dry-cured loin formulation on the formation of lipid and protein oxidation products during in vitro digestion was evaluated. Dry-cured loins formulated with nitrate/nitrite resulted in significantly less lipid and protein oxidation than uncured loins before and after simulated digestion. Compared to loins added with 0 mg/kg nitrate/nitrite, dry-cured loins with 37.5, 75, and 150 mg/kg contained a significantly lower content of conjugated dienes, malondialdehyde, carbonyls, and non-heme iron, and higher amounts of nitrosylmioglobin and thiols. During in vitro digestion, the content of conjugated dienes, malondialdehyde, and carbonyls increased, while thiol content decreased, indicating the development of lipid and protein oxidative processes. At the end of the intestinal phase, the 75 mg/kg digests had a significantly higher content of conjugated dienes, while no differences were found among the other digests. During the in vitro intestinal phase (180 and 240 min), nitrate/nitrite curing resulted in significantly lower malondialdehyde concentrations in the 37.5, 75, and 150 mg/kg loin digests than in the uncured loin digests. No significant differences were observed at the end of the intestinal digestion phase between the cured loin digests. Digests of dried loins without nitrate/nitrite addition showed higher carbonyl contents than the nitrate/nitrite cured counterparts. The loss of thiols was significantly higher in loin digests without added nitrate/nitrite than in loin digests with different amounts of curing salts. The addition of 37.5 mg/kg nitrate/nitrite in the cured loin formulation prevents the formation of lipid peroxidation products and carbonyls from protein oxidation and thiol loss during digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Lavado
- Tradinnoval Research Group, INBIO G+C, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (G.L.); (N.H.)
| | - Nieves Higuero
- Tradinnoval Research Group, INBIO G+C, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (G.L.); (N.H.)
| | - Manuel León-Camacho
- Lipid Characterization and Quality Department, Instituto de la Grasa, Spanish National Research Council, 41012 Seville, Spain;
| | - Ramón Cava
- Tradinnoval Research Group, INBIO G+C, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (G.L.); (N.H.)
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70
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Wang JZ, Wu CK, Yan CH, Chen H, You S, Sheng S, Wu FA, Wang J. Nutritional targeting modification of silkworm pupae oil catalyzed by a smart hydrogel immobilized lipase. Food Funct 2021; 12:6240-6253. [PMID: 34128015 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00913c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To prepare a nutritional supplement using silkworm pupae oil (SPO) as a feedstock, a microfluidic reactor with a smart hydrogel immobilized lipase was first constructed to reduce the relative content of palmitic acid at sn-1,3 and improve the nutritional function. The effects of flow rate, reaction temperature, and substrate molar ratio were investigated. In vitro digestion and pH-stat models were employed to analyze the digestion feature after the modification of SPO, while HPLC-ELSD, zeta potential, DSC, and TGA were used to evaluate the nutritional function. The relative content of "OOO" and "OPO" type triglycerides was increased by 49.48% and 107.67%, and that of palmitic acid at sn-1,3 was decreased by 49.61% in 10 s. After the verification of the in vitro digestion model, the fatty acid release rate of the modified SPO was significantly improved by 22.07%, indicating the nutritional function improvement of SPO. Therefore, the nutritional function of SPO has been improved successfully by the application of a microchannel reactor with photo-immobilized lipase, which could set a reference for the utilization of insect oil resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Zheng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory Sericutural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China.
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71
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Alfei S, Schito AM, Zuccari G. Nanotechnological Manipulation of Nutraceuticals and Phytochemicals for Healthy Purposes: Established Advantages vs. Still Undefined Risks. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2262. [PMID: 34301020 PMCID: PMC8309409 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous foods, plants, and their bioactive constituents (BACs), named nutraceuticals and phytochemicals by experts, have shown many beneficial effects including antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiulcer, anti-cholesterol, hypoglycemic, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities. Producers, consumers, and the market of food- and plant-related compounds are increasingly attracted by health-promoting foods and plants, thus requiring a wider and more fruitful exploitation of the healthy properties of their BACs. The demand for new BACs and for the development of novel functional foods and BACs-based food additives is pressing from various sectors. Unfortunately, low stability, poor water solubility, opsonization, and fast metabolism in vivo hinder the effective exploitation of the potential of BACs. To overcome these issues, researchers have engineered nanomaterials, obtaining food-grade delivery systems, and edible food- and plant-related nanoparticles (NPs) acting as color, flavor, and preservative additives and natural therapeutics. Here, we have reviewed the nanotechnological transformations of several BACs implemented to increase their bioavailability, to mask any unpleasant taste and flavors, to be included as active ingredients in food or food packaging, to improve food appearance, quality, and resistance to deterioration due to storage. The pending issue regarding the possible toxic effect of NPs, whose knowledge is still limited, has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Alfei
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano, 16148 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Anna Maria Schito
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, I-16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Guendalina Zuccari
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano, 16148 Genoa, Italy;
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72
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Zheng B, Zhou H, McClements DJ. Nutraceutical-fortified plant-based milk analogs: Bioaccessibility of curcumin-loaded almond, cashew, coconut, and oat milks. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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73
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Regiospecific Positioning of Palmitic Acid in Triacylglycerol Structure of Enzymatically Modified Lipids Affects Physicochemical and In Vitro Digestion Properties. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26134015. [PMID: 34209258 PMCID: PMC8271560 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripalmitin-(PPP, 81.2%), 1,3-dipalmitoyl-2-oleoylglycerol-(POP, 64.4%), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-oleoylglycerol-(PPO, 86.5%), and 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol-(OPO, 50.2%)-rich lipids with different regiospecific positions of palmitic acid (P) were synthesized via acetone fractionation and lipase-catalyzed acidolysis, and their physicochemical and hydrolytic characteristics were compared. Triacylglycerols (TAGs) with higher content of P, wherein P was at the sn-1 (or 3) position, had higher melting points, crystallization temperatures, and packing densities of fat crystals compared to those with a lower content of P, and with P at the sn-2 position. The in vitro digestion degree calculated as released fatty acid (FA) (%) at 30, 60, and 120 min was in the following order: OPO-rich > PPO-rich > POP-rich lipids. At 120 min, in vitro digestion of the OPO-rich lipid released 92.6% of fatty acids, resulting in the highest digestibility, while 89.7% and 87.2% of fatty acids were released from the OPO-rich and PPO-rich lipids, respectively. Over the digestion period, the TAG and monoacylglycerol (MAG) contents decreased, while the diacylglycerol (DAG) content initially increased and then decreased, and the 1,2-DAG content exceeded the 1,3-DAG content. Therefore, the content and stereospecific position of P attached to a specific TAG affected the physicochemical and in vitro digestion characteristics of the lipids.
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Ashkar A, Sosnik A, Davidovich-Pinhas M. Structured edible lipid-based particle systems for oral drug-delivery. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 54:107789. [PMID: 34186162 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oral administration is the most popular and patient-compliant route for drug delivery, though it raises great challenges due to the involvement of the gastro-intestine (GI) system and the drug bioavailability. Drug bioavailability is directly related to its ability to dissolve, transport and/or absorb through the physiological environment. A great number of drugs are characterized with low water solubility due to their hydrophobic nature, thus limiting their oral bioavailability and clinical use. Therefore, new strategies aiming to provide a protective shell through the GI system and improve drug solubility and permeability in the intestine were developed to overcome this limitation. Lipid-based systems have been proposed as good candidates for such a task owing to their hydrophobic nature which allows high drug loading, drug micellization ability during intestinal digestion due to the lipid content, and the vehicle physical protective environment. The use of edible lipids with high biocompatibility paves the bench-to-bedside translation. Four main types of structured lipid-based drug delivery systems differing in the physical state of the lipid phase have been described in the literature, namely emulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, and oleogel-based particles. The current review provides a comprehensive overview of the different structured edible lipid-based oral delivery systems investigated up to date and emphasizes the contribution of each system component to the delivery performance, and the oral delivery path of lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areen Ashkar
- Laboratory of Lipids and Soft Matter, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Alejandro Sosnik
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Maya Davidovich-Pinhas
- Laboratory of Lipids and Soft Matter, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel; Russell-Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel..
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75
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Jash A, Ubeyitogullari A, Rizvi SSH. Liposomes for oral delivery of protein and peptide-based therapeutics: challenges, formulation strategies, and advances. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:4773-4792. [PMID: 34027542 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00126d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Throughout the past decade, there has been a rapid growth in the development of protein/peptide-based therapeutics. These therapeutics have found widespread applications in the treatment of cancer, infectious diseases, and other metabolic disorders owing to their several desirable attributes, such as reduced toxicity, diverse biological activities, high specificity, and potency. Most protein/peptide-based drugs are still administered parenterally, and there is an unprecedented demand in the pharmaceutical industry to develop oral delivery routes to increase patient acceptability and convenience. Recent advancements in nanomedicine discoveries have led to the development of several nano and micro-particle-based oral delivery platforms for protein/peptide-based therapeutics and among these, liposomes have emerged as a prominent candidate. Liposomes are spherical vesicles composed of one or more phospholipid bilayers enclosing a core aqueous phase. Their unique amphiphilic nature enables encapsulation of a diverse range of bioactives/drugs including both hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds for delivery. Against this backdrop, this review provides an overview of the current approaches and challenges associated with the routes and methods of oral administration of protein/peptide-based therapeutics by using liposomes as a potential vehicle. First, the conventional and innovative liposome formation approaches have been discussed along with their applications. Next, the challenges associated with current approaches for oral delivery of protein and peptide-derived therapeutics have been thoroughly addressed. Lastly, we have critically reviewed the potential of liposomes utilization as vehicles for oral delivery of proteins emphasizing the current status and future directions in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apratim Jash
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
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76
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Garavand F, Jalai-Jivan M, Assadpour E, Jafari SM. Encapsulation of phenolic compounds within nano/microemulsion systems: A review. Food Chem 2021; 364:130376. [PMID: 34171813 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds (phenolics) have received great attention in the food, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries due to their health-promoting attributes. However, their extensive use is limited mainly due to their poor water dispersibility and instability under both processing conditions and/or gastrointestinal interactions, affecting their bioavailability/bioaccessibility. Therefore, different nanocarriers have been widely used to encapsulate phenolics and overcome the aforementioned challenges. To the best of our knowledge, besides many research studies, no comprehensive review on encapsulation of phenolics by microemulsions (MEs) and nanoemulsions (NEs) has been published so far. The present study was therefore attempted to review the loading of phenolics into MEs and NEs. In addition, the fundamental characteristics of the developed systems such as stability, encapsulation efficiency, cytotoxicity, bioavailability and releasing rate are also discussed. Both MEs and NEs are proved as appropriate vehicles to encapsulate and protect phenolics which may expand their applications in foods, supplements and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Garavand
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co., Cork, Ireland
| | - Mehdi Jalai-Jivan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Elham Assadpour
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
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77
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Jimenez-Moya B, Martin D, Soler-Rivas C, Barroeta AC, Tres A, Sala R. Acid versus crude oils for broiler chicken diets: In vitro lipid digestion and bioaccessibility. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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78
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Caballero S, Li YO, McClements DJ, Davidov-Pardo G. Encapsulation and delivery of bioactive citrus pomace polyphenols: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:8028-8044. [PMID: 33983085 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1922873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Citrus pomace consists of the peel, pulp, and membrane tissues remaining after juice expression. Globally, around one million tons of citrus pomace are generated annually, which contains a variety of bioactive constituents that could be used as value-added functional ingredients in foods. However, the polyphenols in citrus pomace are not currently being utilized to their full potential, even though they can be used as nutraceuticals in functional foods and beverages. Citrus phenolics face significant roadblocks to their successful incorporation into these products. In particular, they have poor water solubility, chemical stability, and bioavailability. This review describes the diverse range of colloidal systems that have been developed to encapsulate and deliver citrus phenolics. Examples of the application of these systems for the encapsulation, protection, and delivery of polyphenols from citrus pomace are given. The use of colloidal delivery systems has been shown to improve the stability, dispersibility, and bioaccessibility of encapsulated polyphenols from citrus pomace. The selection of an appropriate delivery system determines the handling, storage, shelf life, encapsulation efficiency, dispersibility, and gastrointestinal fate of the citrus polyphenols. Furthermore, the purity, solubility, and chemical structure of the polyphenols are key factors in delivery system selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Caballero
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Yao Olive Li
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California, USA
| | - David Julian McClements
- Biopolymers and Colloids Laboratory, Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gabriel Davidov-Pardo
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California, USA
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79
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Compositional and structural aspects of hydro- and oleogels: Similarities and specificities from the perspective of digestibility. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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80
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Iddir M, Dingeo G, Porras Yaruro JF, Hammaz F, Borel P, Schleeh T, Desmarchelier C, Larondelle Y, Bohn T. Influence of soy and whey protein, gelatin and sodium caseinate on carotenoid bioaccessibility. Food Funct 2021; 11:5446-5459. [PMID: 32490498 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00888e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Proteins could alter carotenoid bioaccessibility through altering their fate during digestion, due to emulsifying properties of resulting peptides, or influencing access of digestion enzymes to lipid droplets. In this investigation, we studied whether whey protein isolate (WPI), soy protein isolate (SPI), sodium caseinate (SC) and gelatin (GEL), added at various concentrations (expressed as percentage of recommended dietary allowance (RDA): 0, 10, 25 and 50%) would influence the bioaccessibility of lycopene, β-carotene or lutein, added as pure carotenoids solubilized in oil, during simulated gastro-intestinal (GI) digestion. Protein and lipid digestion as well as selected physico-chemical parameters including surface tension, ζ-potential and micelle size were evaluated. Adding proteins influenced positively the bioaccessibility of β-carotene, by up to 189% (p < 0.001), but it resulted in generally decreased bioaccessibility of lutein, by up to 50% (p < 0.001), while for lycopene, the presence of proteins did not influence its bioaccessibility, except for a slight increase with WPI, by up to 135% (p < 0.001). However, the effect depended significantly on the type of protein (p < 0.001) and its concentration (p < 0.001). While β-carotene bioaccessibility was greatly enhanced in the presence of SC, compared to WPI and GEL, the presence of SPI strongly decreased carotenoid bioaccessibility. Neglecting individual carotenoids, higher protein concentration correlated positively with carotenoid bioaccessibility (R = 0.57, p < 0.01), smaller micelle size (R = -0.83, p < 0.01), decreased repulsive forces (ζ-potential, R = -0.72, p < 0.01), and higher surface tension (R = 0.44, p < 0.01). In conclusion, proteins differentially affected carotenoid bioaccessibility during digestion depending on carotenoid and protein species, with both positive and negative interactions occurring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Iddir
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Department of Population Health, Nutrition and Health Research Group, Strassen, Luxembourg. and Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UC Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Giulia Dingeo
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Department of Population Health, Nutrition and Health Research Group, Strassen, Luxembourg.
| | - Juan Felipe Porras Yaruro
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Department of Population Health, Nutrition and Health Research Group, Strassen, Luxembourg. and École Nationale Supérieure des Mines Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Faiza Hammaz
- C2VN, INRA, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Borel
- C2VN, INRA, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Schleeh
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | | | - Yvan Larondelle
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UC Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Department of Population Health, Nutrition and Health Research Group, Strassen, Luxembourg.
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81
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Zhou H, Dai T, Liu J, Tan Y, Bai L, Rojas OJ, McClements DJ. Chitin nanocrystals reduce lipid digestion and β-carotene bioaccessibility: An in-vitro INFOGEST gastrointestinal study. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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82
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Liović N, Bratanić A, Zorić Z, Pedisić S, Režek Jambrak A, Krešić G, Bilušić T. The effect of freeze‐drying, pasteurisation and high‐intensity ultrasound on gastrointestinal stability and antioxidant activity of blueberry phenolics. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolina Liović
- Department of Food and Nutrition Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management University of Rijeka Primorska 42 Opatija51410Croatia
| | - Andre Bratanić
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospital Split Spinčićeva 1 Split21000Croatia
| | - Zoran Zorić
- Centre for Food Technology and Biotechnology in Zadar Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology P. Kasandrića 6 Zadar23000Croatia
| | - Sandra Pedisić
- Centre for Food Technology and Biotechnology in Zadar Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology P. Kasandrića 6 Zadar23000Croatia
| | - Anet Režek Jambrak
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology University of Zagreb Pierottijeva 6 Zagreb10000Croatia
| | - Greta Krešić
- Department of Food and Nutrition Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management University of Rijeka Primorska 42 Opatija51410Croatia
| | - Tea Bilušić
- Faculty of Chemistry and Technology University of Split Ruđera Boškovića 35 Split21000Croatia
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83
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Yan CH, Xun XM, Wang J, Wang JZ, You S, Wu FA, Wang J. An alternative solution for α-linolenic acid supplements: in vitro digestive properties of silkworm pupae oil in a pH-stat system. Food Funct 2021; 12:2428-2441. [PMID: 33624675 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03469j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
α-Linolenic acid (ALA) is recognised to have a regulatory effect on cardiovascular diseases. Due to the low bioavailability of linseed oil (LINO), which is the most common ALA supplement, it is necessary to find a replacement for ALA supplements that is more easily accepted by the human body. The content of ALA in silkworm pupae oil (SPO) is 32.60 ± 0.67%, and SPO can be substituted as a dietary lipid to meet the demand of the human body. In the present study, a pH-stat system was used to investigate the release degree of free fatty acids (FFAs) from SPO and construct a first-order kinetic model. Digestion experiments in vitro with different lipids showed that the maximum release FFA levels were SPO > SO (soybean oil) > LO (lard oil) > MSO (mulberry seed oil) > LINO, and the first-order kinetic apparent rate constants were LINO > SPO > LO > SO > MSO. Triacylglycerol (TAG) and fatty acid composition are the decisive factors in determining the level of lipid digestion. Therefore, the maximum level of FFAs released from SPO (84.34 ± 1.37%) was much higher than that of LINO (49.78 ± 0.52%) when the hydrolysis rates were 0.2114 s-1 and 0.2249 s-1, respectively. In addition, the smaller emulsion droplet size (609.24 ± 43.46 nm) and weaker surface charge (-17.93 ± 0.42 mV) also resulted in higher levels of SPO under in vitro digestion conditions. Meanwhile, due to low melting and crystallisation temperature, SPO is quickly absorbed by the human body. Overall, SPO can be used as a new alternative for ALA supplements based on its superior digestive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hai Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericutural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China.
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84
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Wimmi S, Balinovic A, Jeckel H, Selinger L, Lampaki D, Eisemann E, Meuskens I, Linke D, Drescher K, Endesfelder U, Diepold A. Dynamic relocalization of cytosolic type III secretion system components prevents premature protein secretion at low external pH. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1625. [PMID: 33712575 PMCID: PMC7954860 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21863-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Many bacterial pathogens use a type III secretion system (T3SS) to manipulate host cells. Protein secretion by the T3SS injectisome is activated upon contact to any host cell, and it has been unclear how premature secretion is prevented during infection. Here we report that in the gastrointestinal pathogens Yersinia enterocolitica and Shigella flexneri, cytosolic injectisome components are temporarily released from the proximal interface of the injectisome at low external pH, preventing protein secretion in acidic environments, such as the stomach. We show that in Yersinia enterocolitica, low external pH is detected in the periplasm and leads to a partial dissociation of the inner membrane injectisome component SctD, which in turn causes the dissociation of the cytosolic T3SS components. This effect is reversed upon restoration of neutral pH, allowing a fast activation of the T3SS at the native target regions within the host. These findings indicate that the cytosolic components form an adaptive regulatory interface, which regulates T3SS activity in response to environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Wimmi
- Department of Ecophysiology, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Balinovic
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Mellon College of Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hannah Jeckel
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Selinger
- Department of Ecophysiology, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Lampaki
- Department of Ecophysiology, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Immunbiologie und Epigenetik, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Emma Eisemann
- Department of Ecophysiology, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
| | - Ina Meuskens
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dirk Linke
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Drescher
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Endesfelder
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Mellon College of Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andreas Diepold
- Department of Ecophysiology, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany.
- SYNMIKRO, LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Marburg, Germany.
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85
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Guo X, Li X, Chan L, Huang W, Chen T. Edible CaCO 3 nanoparticles stabilized Pickering emulsion as calcium-fortified formulation. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:67. [PMID: 33663532 PMCID: PMC7934247 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00807-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nanoparticles assembled from food-grade calcium carbonate have attracted attention because of their biocompatibility, digestibility, particle and surface features (such as size, surface area, and partial wettability), and stimuli-responsiveness offered by their acid-labile nature. Results Herein, a type of edible oil-in-water Pickering emulsion was structured by calcium carbonate nanoparticles (CaCO3 NPs; mean particle size: 80 nm) and medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) for delivery of lipophilic drugs and simultaneous oral supplementation of calcium. The microstructure of the as-made CaCO3 NPs stabilized Pickering emulsion can be controlled by varying the particle concentration (c) and oil volume fraction (φ). The emulsification stabilizing capability of the CaCO3 NPs also favored the formation of high internal phase emulsion at a high φ of 0.7–0.8 with excellent emulsion stability at room temperature and at 4 °C, thus protecting the encapsulated lipophilic bioactive, vitamin D3 (VD3), against degradation. Interestingly, the structured CaCO3 NP-based Pickering emulsion displayed acid-trigged demulsification because of the disintegration of the CaCO3 NPs into Ca2+ in a simulated gastric environment, followed by efficient lipolysis of the lipid in simulated intestinal fluid. With the encapsulation and delivery of the emulsion, VD3 exhibited satisfying bioavailability after simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Conclusions Taken together, the rationally designed CaCO3 NP emulsion system holds potential as a calcium-fortified formulation for food, pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Guo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Leung Chan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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86
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Lindberg Yilmaz J, Adlercreutz P, Tullberg C. Polar Lipids Reduce In Vitro Duodenal Lipolysis Rate of Oat Oil and Liquid Oat Base Products. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202000317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Lindberg Yilmaz
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry Lund University Naturvetarvägen 16 Lund SE‐221 00 Sweden
| | - Patrick Adlercreutz
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry Lund University Naturvetarvägen 16 Lund SE‐221 00 Sweden
| | - Cecilia Tullberg
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry Lund University Naturvetarvägen 16 Lund SE‐221 00 Sweden
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87
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Tan Y, McClements DJ. Improving the bioavailability of oil-soluble vitamins by optimizing food matrix effects: A review. Food Chem 2021; 348:129148. [PMID: 33515946 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The potency of oil-soluble vitamins (vitamins A, D, E and K) in fortified foods can be improved by understanding how food matrices impact their bioavailability. In this review, the major food matrix effects influencing the bioavailability of oil-soluble vitamins are highlighted: oil content, oil composition, particle size, interfacial properties, and food additives. Droplet size and aggregation state in the human gut impact vitamin bioavailability by modulating lipid digestion, vitamin release, and vitamin solubilization. Vitamins in small isolated oil droplets typically have a higher bioavailability than those in large or aggregated ones. Emulsifiers, stabilizers, or texture modifiers can therefore affect bioavailability by influencing droplet size or aggregation. The dimensions of the hydrophobic domains in mixed micelles depends on lipid type: if the domains are too small, vitamin bioavailability is low. Overall, this review highlights the importance of carefully designing food matrices to improve vitamin bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunbing Tan
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Department of Food Science & Bioengineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, 18 Xuezheng Street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China.
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88
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Kang J, Kim YH, Choi SJ, Rho SJ, Kim YR. Improving the Stability and Curcumin Retention Rate of Curcumin-Loaded Filled Hydrogel Prepared Using 4αGTase-Treated Rice Starch. Foods 2021; 10:150. [PMID: 33450818 PMCID: PMC7828239 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, 4-α-glucanotransferase (4αGTase)-treated rice starch (GS) was added after 1-h (1 GS) and 96-h (96 GS) treatments to the aqueous phase of a curcumin-loaded emulsion to produce filled hydrogels (1 GS-FH and 96 GS-FH, respectively). The relative protective effects of the FH system, native rice starch-based filled hydrogel (RS-FH), and emulsion without starch (EM), on curcumin were evaluated based on ultraviolet (UV) stability and simulated gastrointestinal studies. The UV stability and curcumin retention after in vitro digestion of the filled hydrogels (FH) samples were greater than those of the EM samples. RS-FH showed a 2.28-fold improvement in UV stability over EM due to the higher viscosity of RS. 1 GS-FH and 96 GS-FH increased curcumin retention by 2.31- and 2.60-fold, respectively, and the microstructure of 96 GS-FH, determined using confocal laser microscopy, remained stable even after the stomach phase. These effects were attributed to the molecular structure of GS, with decreased amylopectin size and amylose content resulting from the enzyme treatment. The encapsulation of lipids within the GS hydrogel particles served to protect and deliver the curcumin component, suggesting that GS-FH can be applied to gel-type food products and improve the chemical stability of curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Kang
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Ye-Hyun Kim
- Division of Applied Food System, Major of Food Science & Technology, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul 01797, Korea; (Y.-H.K.); (S.-J.C.)
| | - Soo-Jin Choi
- Division of Applied Food System, Major of Food Science & Technology, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul 01797, Korea; (Y.-H.K.); (S.-J.C.)
| | - Shin-Joung Rho
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yong-Ro Kim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Global Smart Farm Convergence Major, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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89
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Wang Z, Kozu H, Uemura K, Kobayashi I, Ichikawa S. Effect of hydrogel particle mechanical properties on their disintegration behavior using a gastric digestion simulator. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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90
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Chen L, Yokoyama W, Liang R, Tam C, Miller J, Zhong F. Remodeling of β-Carotene-Encapsulated Protein-Stabilized Nanoparticles during Gastrointestinal Digestion In Vitro and in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:15468-15477. [PMID: 33337896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The remodeling of β-carotene-encapsulated protein nanoparticles (NPs) during digestion in vitro and in vivo was investigated. The NPs were formed using three different proteins. Hydrolysis of the surface protein during digestion resulted in structure remodeling of NPs and the formation of small-sized micellar-like aggregates below 100 nm, accelerating the release of β-carotene into the aqueous phase. However, the reduced surface ζ-potential in the intestinal fluid suggested the adsorption of bile salts, favoring the formation of small-sized micellar-like aggregates. A shifted peak of β-carotene in the micellar phase from 965 cm-1 to about 855 cm-1 in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated that β-carotene existed in the amorphous state. Microstructure observation in vivo further confirmed that β-carotene was loaded in micellar-like aggregates and dispersed uniformly in water. The cellular uptake study showed that the absorption rate of digested NPs was significantly increased by 1.34- to 4.16-fold when compared with undigested NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wallace Yokoyama
- Western Regional Research Center, ARS, USDA, Albany, California 94710, United States
| | - Rong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Christina Tam
- Western Regional Research Center, ARS, USDA, Albany, California 94710, United States
| | - Jackie Miller
- Western Regional Research Center, ARS, USDA, Albany, California 94710, United States
| | - Fang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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91
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McClements DJ. Advances in edible nanoemulsions: Digestion, bioavailability, and potential toxicity. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 81:101081. [PMID: 33373615 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The design, fabrication, and application of edible nanoemulsions for the encapsulation and delivery of bioactive agents has been a highly active research field over the past decade or so. In particular, they have been widely used for the encapsulation and delivery of hydrophobic bioactive substances, such as hydrophobic drugs, lipids, vitamins, and phytochemicals. A great deal of progress has been made in creating stable edible nanoemulsions that can increase the stability and efficacy of these bioactive agents. This article highlights some of the most important recent advances within this area, including increasing the water-dispersibility of bioactives, protecting bioactives from chemical degradation during storage, increasing the bioavailability of bioactives after ingestion, and targeting the release of bioactives within the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, it highlights progress that is being made in creating plant-based edible nanoemulsions. Finally, the potential toxicity of edible nanoemulsions is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Department of Food Science & Bioengineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, 18 Xuezheng Street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China.
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92
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Skamniotis C, Edwards CH, Bakalis S, Frost G, Charalambides M. Eulerian-Lagrangian finite element modelling of food flow-fracture in the stomach to engineer digestion. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2020.102510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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93
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He S, Zhou S, Guo W, Wang Y, Liu C, Wang R, Xiao F. Investigation of curcumin emulsion stability and gastrointestinal digestion prepared with rapeseed oil body. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shenghua He
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomarker Based Rapid‐Detection Technology for Food Safety Xuchang University Xuchang China
| | - Sanjiu Zhou
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomarker Based Rapid‐Detection Technology for Food Safety Xuchang University Xuchang China
| | - Weiyun Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomarker Based Rapid‐Detection Technology for Food Safety Xuchang University Xuchang China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomarker Based Rapid‐Detection Technology for Food Safety Xuchang University Xuchang China
| | - Chunhong Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin People's Republic of China
| | - Rongchun Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin People's Republic of China
| | - Fugang Xiao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomarker Based Rapid‐Detection Technology for Food Safety Xuchang University Xuchang China
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94
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He SH, Liu CH, Wang RC, Zhou SJ, Guo WY, Wang YH. Comparison of Two Different Natural Oil Body Emulsions: in vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion. J Oleo Sci 2020; 69:1609-1618. [PMID: 33177282 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess20194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The surface compositions and structure of oil bodies (OBs) are dependent on the oil crop, and these factors affect in vitro gastrointestinal digestion behaviors. Herein, a comparative study was conducted to examine the in vitro gastrointestinal digestion characteristics of two natural emulsions prepared with soybean seeds and rapeseed OBs during gastrointestinal digestion process. The average particle size of soybean OBs and rapeseed OBs emulsions was 0.46 and 5.02 µm, respectively. The droplet size of soybean seed and rapeseed OBs emulsions was large with relatively low zeta-potentials at 30 min digestion time in simulated gastric fluid condition. The droplet size of two natural OBs emulsions decreased with increasing digestion time in simulated gastric fluid condition. The average droplet size of both emulsions gradually decreased with increasing digestion time in simulated intestinal fluid conditions. The zeta-potential of the two emulsions increased with increasing digestion time in simulated intestinal fluid conditions. The extent of free fatty acids of soybean OBs emulsions was significantly higher than rapeseed after 20 min digestion time in simulated intestinal fluid conditions. The obtained results suggested that plant OBs could be useful as natural emulsifiers in the development of functional food and achieve controlled release of bioactive compounds from emulsions during gastrointestinal digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Hua He
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomarker Based Rapid-detection Technology for Food Safety, Xuchang University
| | - Chun-Hong Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology
| | - Rong-Chun Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology
| | - San-Jiu Zhou
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomarker Based Rapid-detection Technology for Food Safety, Xuchang University
| | - Wei-Yun Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomarker Based Rapid-detection Technology for Food Safety, Xuchang University
| | - Yong-Hui Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomarker Based Rapid-detection Technology for Food Safety, Xuchang University
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95
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Na BR, Lee JH. In Vitro and In Vivo Digestibility of Soybean, Fish, and Microalgal Oils, and Their Influences on Fatty Acid Distribution in Tissue Lipid of Mice. Molecules 2020; 25:E5357. [PMID: 33212752 PMCID: PMC7697985 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The digestion rates of microalgal (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA, 56.8%; palmitic acid, 22.4%), fish (DHA, 10.8%; eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA, 16.2%), and soybean oils (oleic, 21.7%; linoleic acid, 54.6%) were compared by coupling the in vitro multi-step and in vivo apparent digestion models using mice. The in vitro digestion rate estimated based on the released free fatty acids content was remarkably higher in soybean and fish oils than in microalgal oil in 30 min; however, microalgal and fish oils had similar digestion rates at longer digestion. The in vivo digestibility of microalgal oil (91.49%) was lower than those of soybean (96.50%) and fish oils (96.99%). Among the constituent fatty acids of the diet oils, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) exhibited the highest digestibility, followed by EPA, DHA, palmitoleic, oleic, palmitic, and stearic acid, demonstrating increased digestibility with reduced chain length and increased unsaturation degree of fatty acid. The diet oils affected the deposition of fatty acids in mouse tissues, and DHA concentrations were high in epididymal fat, liver, and brain of mice fed microalgal oil. In the present study, microalgal oil showed lower in vitro and in vivo digestibility, despite adequate DHA incorporation into major mouse organs, such as the brain and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeung-Hee Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Daegu University, Gyeongsan-si 38453, Korea;
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96
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Marucco A, Prono M, Beal D, Alasonati E, Fisicaro P, Bergamaschi E, Carriere M, Fenoglio I. Biotransformation of Food-Grade and Nanometric TiO 2 in the Oral-Gastro-Intestinal Tract: Driving Forces and Effect on the Toxicity toward Intestinal Epithelial Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10112132. [PMID: 33120920 PMCID: PMC7692287 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Oral exposure to titanium dioxide (TiO2) is common since it is widely used in food and pharmaceutical products. Concern on the safety of this substance has been recently raised, due to the presence of an ultrafine fraction in food-grade TiO2. Discrepancy exists among data reported in in vitro and in vivo studies on intestinal acute/chronic toxicity of TiO2. This might be due to the different biological identity of TiO2 in traditional in vitro test by respect in vivo conditions. Methods: One food-grade TiO2 and two nanometric TiO2 samples were treated with a simulated human digestive dystem (SHDS) in order to investigate the bio-transformation occurring to the particles once ingested in term of size distribution (Dynamic Light Scattering—DLS-, Flow Particle Imaging, Asymmetric Flow Field Flow Fractionation-AF4-) and surface modification (Electrophoretic Light Scattering—ELS-, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy—EPR-). The effect of SHDS on the cyto-, genotoxicity and potential to induce oxidative stress towards human colorectal carcinoma HCT116 cells was also assessed. Results: Aggregation as a consequence of the high ionic strength of the gastric and intestinal simulated fluids was observed, together with the formation of a partially irreversible bio-corona containing phosphate ions and proteins. Such bio-corona led to a partial masking of the TiO2 particles surface and reactivity. Pristine and treated TiO2 nanoparticles showed comparable acute toxicity and genotoxicity toward HCT116 cells, whereas a small decrease of the induction of oxidative stress after treatment was observed. Conclusions: Overall the results underline the importance of SHDS as a tool to improve the predictive power of in vitro tests towards intestinal nanomaterial toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Marucco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy;
| | - Marion Prono
- Chimie Interface Biologie pour l’Environnement, la Santé et la Toxicologie (CIBEST), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (M.P.); (D.B.)
| | - David Beal
- Chimie Interface Biologie pour l’Environnement, la Santé et la Toxicologie (CIBEST), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (M.P.); (D.B.)
| | - Enrica Alasonati
- Département Biomédicale et Chimie Inorganique, Laboratoire National de Métrologie et D’essais, F-75724 Paris, France; (E.A.); (P.F.)
| | - Paola Fisicaro
- Département Biomédicale et Chimie Inorganique, Laboratoire National de Métrologie et D’essais, F-75724 Paris, France; (E.A.); (P.F.)
| | - Enrico Bergamaschi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Marie Carriere
- Chimie Interface Biologie pour l’Environnement, la Santé et la Toxicologie (CIBEST), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (M.P.); (D.B.)
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (I.F.)
| | - Ivana Fenoglio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (I.F.)
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97
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Zhang M, Feng K, Huang G, Xin Y, Xiao J, Cao Y, Ludescher R, Ho CT, Huang Q. Assessment of Oral Bioavailability and Biotransformation of Emulsified Nobiletin Using In Vitro and In Vivo Models. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:11412-11420. [PMID: 32935545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nobiletin has received much attention for its promising biological activities. Owing to its limited solubility, various encapsulation strategies have been developed to enhance nobiletin bioavailability. However, the understanding of the bioavailability and biotransformation of nobiletin in vivo and the correlation between in vitro and in vivo data remains limited. This study developed a high-loading nobiletin (1%) emulsion. The in vitro models, which combined pH-stat lipolysis with a Franz cell, showed very good correlation with in vivo data for the relative bioavailability. Rat studies showed that nobiletin had a high absolute bioavailability (≈20% for oil suspension). Besides, the emulsification improved the amount of bioavailable nobiletin and its major metabolite in the blood by about two times, as compared to an oil suspension. This work provides scientific insights into a rapid screening method for delivery systems and a better understanding of the biological fate of nobiletin in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick 08901, New Jersey, United States
| | - Konglong Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Guiying Huang
- College of Light Industry and Food Science, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanping Xin
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Richard Ludescher
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick 08901, New Jersey, United States
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick 08901, New Jersey, United States
| | - Qingrong Huang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick 08901, New Jersey, United States
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98
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Paglarini CDS, Vidal VAS, Martini S, Cunha RL, Pollonio MAR. Protein-based hydrogelled emulsions and their application as fat replacers in meat products: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:640-655. [PMID: 33000627 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1825322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent consumers' concerns about diet and its health benefits has triggered a reduction in consumption of foods rich in sugar, fat, salt, and chemical additives. As a result, an expanded market for functional foods has arisen. In particular, high-fat foods normally composed by saturated fatty acids, cholesterol and trans-fatty acids have been reformulated to be healthier. The primary source of saturated fat ingested by humans includes meats and their by-products that have animal fat as lipid source. The reformulation of these products therefore represents an important strategy to make them healthier for human consumption. Substituting solid fat by unsaturated oils usually affects the texture of the products, and therefore, new structuring methods must be developed to provide vegetable oils a similar characteristic to solid fats and improve their functional and health-related properties. Among these structural models, gelled emulsions (GE) show great potential to be used as healthier lipid ingredients in low-calorie and reduced-fat products, including healthier meat products. This review addresses the GE properties to be used as structuring agent, their in vitro bioaccessibility in meat products and effect on technological, sensorial, microstructural and microbiological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila de Souza Paglarini
- Department of Food Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Vitor Andre Silva Vidal
- Department of Food Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Silvana Martini
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Rosiane Lopes Cunha
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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99
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Muñoz-Pina S, Amorós P, Haskouri JE, Andrés A, Ros-Lis JV. Use of Silica Based Materials as Modulators of the Lipase Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Fats under Simulated Duodenal Conditions. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:nano10101927. [PMID: 32992446 PMCID: PMC7601910 DOI: 10.3390/nano10101927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of silica materials and their functionalization in the lipase catalyzed fat hydrolysis has been scarcely studied. Fifteen silica materials were prepared and their effect on the fat hydrolysis was measured, under simulated duodenal conditions, using the pH-stat method. The materials are composed of the combination of three supports (Stöber massive silica nanoparticles, Stöber mesoporous nanoparticles and UVM-7) and four surface functionalizations (methyl, trimethyl, propyl and octyl). In addition, the non-functionalized materials were tested. The functional groups were selected to offer a hydrophobic character to the material improving the interaction with the fat globules and the lipase. The materials are able to modulate the lipase activity and their effect depending on the support topology and the organic covering, being able to increase or reduce the fat hydrolysis. Depending of the material, relative fat hydrolysis rates of 75 to 140% in comparison with absence of the material were obtained. The results were analyzed by Partial Least Square Regression and suggest that the alkyl modified mesopores are able to improve the fat hydrolysis, by contrast the non-porous nanoparticles and the textural pores tend to induce inhibition. The effects are more pronounced for materials containing long alkyl chains and/or in absence of taurodeoxycholate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Muñoz-Pina
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, REDOLí Group, Universitat de València, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Pedro Amorós
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales, Universitat de València, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna Valencia, Spain; (P.A.); (J.E.H.)
| | - Jamal El Haskouri
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales, Universitat de València, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna Valencia, Spain; (P.A.); (J.E.H.)
| | - Ana Andrés
- Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería de Alimentos para el Desarrollo (IUIAD-UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - José V. Ros-Lis
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, REDOLí Group, Universitat de València, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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Role of antioxidants on physicochemical properties and in vitro bioaccessibility of β-carotene loaded nanoemulsion under thermal and cold plasma discharge accelerated tests. Food Chem 2020; 339:128157. [PMID: 33152897 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The effects of water soluble antioxidant (ascorbic acid and EDTA), fat soluble antioxidant (α-tocopherol) and amphiphilic antioxidant (ascorbyl palmitate; AP) on the chemical physics and bioaccessibility of β-carotene loaded nanoemulsions (CNE) were investigated. During accelerated storage at 45 °C for 15 days, AP showed the highest protective actions against particle size growth, color fading, lipid oxidation, and β-carotene degradation in CNE (p < 0.05). CNE with AP was then subjected to treat with cold plasma (CP) induced reactive species system under various powers and contact times compared to control. AP was able to protect physical and oxidative stabilities of CNE as well as β-carotene integrity. The highest in vitro lipid digestibility, bioaccessibility and β-carotene stability were found in CNE with AP (p < 0.05). However, those properties were lowered after CP exposure. The results indicated that AP was a promising antioxidant in improving physical stability, oxidative stability, β-carotene retention, and β-carotene bioaccessibility of CNE.
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