51
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Pan Y, Wang F, Liu Y, Jiang J, Yang YG, Wang H. Studying the mechanism of CD47-SIRPα interactions on red blood cells by single molecule force spectroscopy. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:9951-9954. [PMID: 25058630 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr02889a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The interaction forces and binding kinetics between SIRPα and CD47 were investigated by single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) on both fresh and experimentally aged human red blood cells (hRBCs). We found that CD47 experienced a conformation change after oxidation, which influenced the interaction force and the position of the energy barrier between SIRPα and CD47. Our results are significant for understanding the mechanism of phagocytosis of red blood cells at the single molecule level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P.R. China.
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52
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Mu Q, Jiang G, Chen L, Zhou H, Fourches D, Tropsha A, Yan B. Chemical basis of interactions between engineered nanoparticles and biological systems. Chem Rev 2014; 114:7740-81. [PMID: 24927254 PMCID: PMC4578874 DOI: 10.1021/cr400295a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Mu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China, 250100
- Present address: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 66047
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Lingxin Chen
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China, 250100
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, U.S.A
| | | | - Alexander Tropsha
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
| | - Bing Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China, 250100
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53
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Sau S, Agarwalla P, Mukherjee S, Bag I, Sreedhar B, Pal-Bhadra M, Patra CR, Banerjee R. Cancer cell-selective promoter recognition accompanies antitumor effect by glucocorticoid receptor-targeted gold nanoparticle. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:6745-54. [PMID: 24824564 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr00974f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles, such as gold nanoparticles (GNP), upon convenient modifications perform multi tasks catering to many biomedical applications. However, GNP or any other type of nanoparticles is yet to achieve the feat of intracellular regulation of endogenous genes of choice such as through manipulation of a gene-promoter in a chromosome. As for gene modulation and delivery, GNP (or other nanoparticles) showed only limited gene therapy potential, which relied on the delivery of 'exogenous' genes invoking gene knockdown or replacement. Practically, there are no instances for the nanoparticle-mediated promoter regulation of 'endogenous' genes, more so, as a cancer selective phenomenon. In this regard, we report the development of a simple, easily modifiable GNP-formulation, which promoted/up-regulated the expression of a specific category of 'endogenous' genes, the glucocorticoid responsive genes. This genetic up-regulation was induced in only cancer cells by modified GNP-mediated transcriptional activation of its cytoplasmic receptor, glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Normal cells and their GR remained primarily unperturbed by this GNP-formulation. The most potent gene up-regulating GNP-formulation down-regulated a cancer-specific proliferative signal, phospho-Akt in cancer cells, which accompanied retardation of tumor growth in the murine melanoma model. We show that GR-targeted GNPs may find potential use in the targeting and modulation of genetic information in cancer towards developing novel anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaresh Sau
- Biomaterials Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT) Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India.
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54
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Bahrami AH, Raatz M, Agudo-Canalejo J, Michel R, Curtis EM, Hall CK, Gradzielski M, Lipowsky R, Weikl TR. Wrapping of nanoparticles by membranes. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 208:214-24. [PMID: 24703299 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
How nanoparticles interact with biomembranes is central for understanding their bioactivity. Biomembranes wrap around nanoparticles if the adhesive interaction between the nanoparticles and membranes is sufficiently strong to compensate for the cost of membrane bending. In this article, we review recent results from theory and simulations that provide new insights on the interplay of bending and adhesion energies during the wrapping of nanoparticles by membranes. These results indicate that the interplay of bending and adhesion during wrapping is strongly affected by the interaction range of the particle-membrane adhesion potential, by the shape of the nanoparticles, and by shape changes of membrane vesicles during wrapping. The interaction range of the particle-membrane adhesion potential is crucial both for the wrapping process of single nanoparticles and the cooperative wrapping of nanoparticles by membrane tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir H Bahrami
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Theory and Bio-Systems, Science Park Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michael Raatz
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Theory and Bio-Systems, Science Park Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jaime Agudo-Canalejo
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Theory and Bio-Systems, Science Park Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Raphael Michel
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Emily M Curtis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Engineering Building I, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA
| | - Carol K Hall
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Engineering Building I, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA
| | - Michael Gradzielski
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinhard Lipowsky
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Theory and Bio-Systems, Science Park Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Thomas R Weikl
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Theory and Bio-Systems, Science Park Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany.
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55
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Shang L, Nienhaus K, Nienhaus GU. Engineered nanoparticles interacting with cells: size matters. J Nanobiotechnology 2014; 12:5. [PMID: 24491160 PMCID: PMC3922601 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-12-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 797] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid advancement of nanoscience and nanotechnology, detailed knowledge of interactions between engineered nanomaterials and cells, tissues and organisms has become increasingly important, especially in regard to possible hazards to human health. This review intends to give an overview of current research on nano-bio interactions, with a focus on the effects of NP size on their interactions with live cells. We summarize common techniques to characterize NP size, highlight recent work on the impact of NP size on active and passive cellular internalization and intracellular localization. Cytotoxic effects are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gerd Ulrich Nienhaus
- Institute of Applied Physics and Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Strasse 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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56
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Gromnicova R, Davies HA, Sreekanthreddy P, Romero IA, Lund T, Roitt IM, Phillips JB, Male DK. Glucose-coated gold nanoparticles transfer across human brain endothelium and enter astrocytes in vitro. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81043. [PMID: 24339894 PMCID: PMC3855187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier prevents the entry of many therapeutic agents into the brain. Various nanocarriers have been developed to help agents to cross this barrier, but they all have limitations, with regard to tissue-selectivity and their ability to cross the endothelium. This study investigated the potential for 4 nm coated gold nanoparticles to act as selective carriers across human brain endothelium and subsequently to enter astrocytes. The transfer rate of glucose-coated gold nanoparticles across primary human brain endothelium was at least three times faster than across non-brain endothelia. Movement of these nanoparticles occurred across the apical and basal plasma membranes via the cytosol with relatively little vesicular or paracellular migration; antibiotics that interfere with vesicular transport did not block migration. The transfer rate was also dependent on the surface coating of the nanoparticle and incubation temperature. Using a novel 3-dimensional co-culture system, which includes primary human astrocytes and a brain endothelial cell line hCMEC/D3, we demonstrated that the glucose-coated nanoparticles traverse the endothelium, move through the extracellular matrix and localize in astrocytes. The movement of the nanoparticles through the matrix was >10 µm/hour and they appeared in the nuclei of the astrocytes in considerable numbers. These nanoparticles have the correct properties for efficient and selective carriers of therapeutic agents across the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Gromnicova
- Biomedical Research Network, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Heather A. Davies
- Biomedical Research Network, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ignacio A. Romero
- Biomedical Research Network, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Torben Lund
- Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan M. Roitt
- Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - James B. Phillips
- Biomedical Research Network, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - David K. Male
- Biomedical Research Network, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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57
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Exocytosis of nanoparticles from cells: role in cellular retention and toxicity. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 201-202:18-29. [PMID: 24200091 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, nanoparticles (NPs) have been increasingly developed in various biomedical applications such as cell tracking, biosensing, contrast imaging, targeted drug delivery, and tissue engineering. Their versatility in design and function has made them an attractive, alternative choice in many biological and biomedical applications. Cellular responses to NPs, their uptake, and adverse biological effects caused by NPs are rapidly-growing research niches. However, NP excretion and its underlying mechanisms and cell signaling pathways are yet elusive. In this review, we present an overview of how NPs are handled intracellularly and how they are excreted from cells following the uptake. We also discuss how exocytosis of nanomaterials impacts both the therapeutic delivery of nanoscale objects and their nanotoxicology.
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58
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Dykman LA, Khlebtsov NG. Uptake of engineered gold nanoparticles into mammalian cells. Chem Rev 2013; 114:1258-88. [PMID: 24279480 DOI: 10.1021/cr300441a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lev A Dykman
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS), 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov 410049, Russia
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59
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Abstract
Nowadays, nanocarriers possess growing interest for medical usage such as photodynamic therapy. Conjunction of these nanoparticles with photosensitising drugs leads to more cellular uptake, higher photocytotoxicty, higher biocompatibility and more selectivity. Previous papers conclude that the 50 nm size nanoparticles give the highest cellular uptake for the purpose of photodynamic therapy. In this paper the gold nanoparticles were synthesized based on TurkevichFrens method. Moreover, methylene blue as a relevant photosensitiser was conjugated to achieved AuNPs. The spectrometric results of UV-visible and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) as well as Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) emphasis on the presence of MB sensitizers connected to resulting 50 nm gold nanoparticles.
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60
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Han WB, Kim Y, An HH, Kim HS, Yoon CS. Deposition of metal nanoparticles on phospholipid multilayer membranes modified by gramicidin. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:13251-13257. [PMID: 24079973 DOI: 10.1021/la402460x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A planar dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) multilayer phospholipid membrane was structurally modified by introducing a transmembrane protein, gramicidin (up to 25 mol %), to study its effect on the metal nanoparticles deposited on the membrane. Without gramicidin, when 3-nm-thick Ag, Sn, Al, and Au were deposited, the nanoparticles hardly nucleated on the DPPC membrane in rigid gel state (except for Au); however, the gramicidin addition dramatically enhanced the DPPC membrane surface's affinity for metal atoms so that a dense array of metal (Ag, Sn, and Au) or metal-oxide (Al-oxide) nanoparticles was produced on the membrane surface. The particle sizes ranged from 3 to 15 nm depending on the metal and gramicidin concentration, whereas the particle density was strongly dictated by the gramicidin concentration. The proposed method provides a convenient, generally applicable synthesis route for preparing different metal or metal-oxide nanoparticles on a relatively robust biocompatible membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Bae Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University , Seoul, 133-791 Korea
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61
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Zhao W, Liu S, Cai M, Xu H, Jiang J, Wang H. Detection of carbohydrates on the surface of cancer and normal cells by topography and recognition imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:2980-2. [PMID: 23400247 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc38885a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Galactose was detected and localized on the surface of cancer and normal cells by topography and recognition imaging at the single molecular level. There are more galactoses on cancer cells than on normal cells. The stability of galactose-lectin on cancer cells is much lower than that on normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China
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62
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Zhao W, Cai M, Xu H, Jiang J, Wang H. A single-molecule force spectroscopy study of the interactions between lectins and carbohydrates on cancer and normal cells. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:3226-3229. [PMID: 23475354 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr00553d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The interaction forces between carbohydrates and lectins were investigated by single-molecule force spectroscopy on both cancer and normal cells. The binding kinetics was also studied, which shows that the carbohydrate-lectin complex on cancer cells is less stable than that on normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China
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63
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Shang X, Shan Y, Pan Y, Cai M, Jiang J, Wang H. The force of transporting a single amino acid into the living cell measured using atomic force microscopy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:8163-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc43779e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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64
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Size-dependent photodynamic activity of gold nanoparticles conjugate of water soluble purpurin-18-N-methyl-d-glucamine. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2013:720579. [PMID: 23533998 PMCID: PMC3591214 DOI: 10.1155/2013/720579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) conjugates of water soluble ionic photosensitizer (PS), purpurin-18-N-methyl-D-glucamine (Pu-18-NMGA), were synthesized using various molar ratios between HAuCl4 and Pu-18-NMGA without adding any particular reducing agents and surfactants. The PS-GNPs conjugates showed long wavelength absorption of range 702–762 nm, and their different shapes and diameters depend on the molar ratios used in the synthesis. In vitro anticancer efficacy of the PS-GNPs conjugates was investigated by MTT assay against A549 cells, resulting in higher photodynamic activity than that of the free Pu-18-NMGA. Among the PS-GNPs conjugates, the GNPs conjugate from the molar ratio of 1 : 2 (Au(III): Pu-18-NMGA) exhibits the highest photodynamic activity corresponding to bigger size (~60 nm) of the GNPs conjugate which could efficiently transport the PS into the cells than that of smaller size of the GNPs conjugate.
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65
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Zhang J, Wu G, Song C, Li Y, Qiao H, Zhu P, Hinterdorfer P, Zhang B, Tang J. Single Molecular Recognition Force Spectroscopy Study of a Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Analogue as a Carcinoma Target Drug. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:13331-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp306882r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical
Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P.
R. China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.
R. China
| | - Guangmou Wu
- Institute of Military
Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122,
P. R. China
| | - Chunli Song
- Department
of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun,
130041, P. R. China
| | - Yongjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical
Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P.
R. China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.
R. China
| | - Haiyan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical
Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P.
R. China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.
R. China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Institute of Military
Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122,
P. R. China
| | - Peter Hinterdorfer
- Institute
for Biophysics, Christian
Doppler Laboratory of Nanoscopic Methods in Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, A-4040, Austria
| | - Bailin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical
Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P.
R. China
| | - Jilin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical
Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P.
R. China
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66
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Kinjo T, Ye J, Yan H, Hamasaki T, Nakanishi H, Toh K, Nakamichi N, Kabayama S, Teruya K, Shirahata S. Suppressive effects of electrochemically reduced water on matrix metalloproteinase-2 activities and in vitro invasion of human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells. Cytotechnology 2012; 64:357-71. [PMID: 22695858 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-012-9469-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) is directly associated with elevated matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) expression in several cell lines. Electrochemically reduced water (ERW), produced near the cathode during electrolysis, and scavenges intracellular H(2)O(2) in human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells. RT-PCR and zymography analyses revealed that when HT1080 cells were treated with ERW, the gene expression of MMP-2 and membrane type 1 MMP and activation of MMP-2 was repressed, resulting in decreased invasion of the cells into matrigel. ERW also inhibited H(2)O(2)-induced MMP-2 upregulation. To investigate signal transduction involved in MMP-2 downregulation, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-specific inhibitors, SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor), PD98059 (MAPK/extracellular regulated kinase kinase 1 inhibitor) and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase inhibitor II, were used to block the MAPK signal cascade. MMP-2 gene expression was only inhibited by SB203580 treatment, suggesting a pivotal role of p38 MAPK in regulation of MMP-2 gene expression. Western blot analysis showed that ERW downregulated the phosphorylation of p38 both in H(2)O(2)-treated and untreated HT1080 cells. These results indicate that the inhibitory effect of ERW on tumor invasion is due to, at least in part, its antioxidative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Kinjo
- Division of Life Engineering, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
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67
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KUMAR DHIRAJ, MEENAN BRIANJ, MUTREJA ISHA, D'SA RAECHELLE, DIXON DORIAN. CONTROLLING THE SIZE AND SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES: A DESIGN OF EXPERIMENT STUDY. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219581x12500238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Turkevich method is the oldest and most widely employed protocol for the production of colloidal gold. Gold nanoparticles are nontoxic in nature and have potential applications in various biomedical fields including drug delivery and bioimaging. These metallic nanoparticles can be functionalized with drugs, targeting ligands such as tumor necrosis factor and groups (e.g., Poly ethylene glycol) to provide shielding from undesired immune responses. In this study we investigate the influence of process variables on the synthesis of nanoparticles by the reduction of chloroauric acid ( HAuCl4 ) solution with sodium citrate. A design of experiment (DoE) approach was used to investigate the influence of production volume, temperature, stirring rate and sodium citrate concentration on the physical properties of the nanoparticles namely size, size distribution, zeta potential and UV-Vis characteristics. The study showed that the relative amount of sodium citrate added ( Au /citrate mole ratio) had a significant effect on the size, poly dispersity index (PDI), the number of peaks in the size distribution and the position of Lambda max in the UV-Vis spectra. By varying the Au /Citrate ratio it is possible to synthesize particles with average diameters from 20 to 80 nm. However, the use of low amounts of sodium citrate in order to produce particles larger than ~35 nm tends to result in a wide bimodal size distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- DHIRAJ KUMAR
- NIBEC, University of Ulster, Shore Road, Belfast, BT37 0QB, U.K
| | - BRIAN J MEENAN
- NIBEC, University of Ulster, Shore Road, Belfast, BT37 0QB, U.K
| | - ISHA MUTREJA
- NIBEC, University of Ulster, Shore Road, Belfast, BT37 0QB, U.K
| | - RAECHELLE D'SA
- NIBEC, University of Ulster, Shore Road, Belfast, BT37 0QB, U.K
| | - DORIAN DIXON
- NIBEC, University of Ulster, Shore Road, Belfast, BT37 0QB, U.K
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68
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Yoo KC, Yoon CH, Kwon D, Hyun KH, Woo SJ, Kim RK, Lim EJ, Suh Y, Kim MJ, Yoon TH, Lee SJ. Titanium dioxide induces apoptotic cell death through reactive oxygen species-mediated Fas upregulation and Bax activation. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:1203-14. [PMID: 22419868 PMCID: PMC3298386 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s28647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) has been widely used in many areas, including biomedicine, cosmetics, and environmental engineering. Recently, it has become evident that some TiO(2) particles have a considerable cytotoxic effect in normal human cells. However, the molecular basis for the cytotoxicity of TiO(2) has yet to be defined. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we demonstrated that combined treatment with TiO(2) nanoparticles sized less than 100 nm and ultraviolet A irradiation induces apoptotic cell death through reactive oxygen species-dependent upregulation of Fas and conformational activation of Bax in normal human cells. Treatment with P25 TiO(2) nanoparticles with a hydrodynamic size distribution centered around 70 nm (TiO(2) (P25-70)) together with ultraviolet A irradiation-induced caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death, accompanied by transcriptional upregulation of the death receptor, Fas, and conformational activation of Bax. In line with these results, knockdown of either Fas or Bax with specific siRNA significantly inhibited TiO(2)-induced apoptotic cell death. Moreover, inhibition of reactive oxygen species with an antioxidant, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, clearly suppressed upregulation of Fas, conformational activation of Bax, and subsequent apoptotic cell death in response to combination treatment using TiO(2) (P25-70) and ultraviolet A irradiation. CONCLUSION These results indicate that sub-100 nm sized TiO(2) treatment under ultraviolet A irradiation induces apoptotic cell death through reactive oxygen species-mediated upregulation of the death receptor, Fas, and activation of the preapoptotic protein, Bax. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms by which nanosized particles induce activation of cell death signaling pathways would be critical for the development of prevention strategies to minimize the cytotoxicity of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Chun Yoo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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69
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Abstract
Endocytosis is a fundamental process in which eukaryotic cells internalise molecules and macromolecules via deformation of the membrane and generation of membrane-bound carriers. Functional aspects are not only limited to uptake of nutrients, but also play a primary role in evolutionary conserved processes such as the regulation of plasma membrane protein activity (i.e. signal-transducing receptors, small-molecule transporters and ion channels), cell motility and mitosis. The macromolecular nature of the material transported by endocytosis makes this route one of the most important targets for nanomedicine. Indeed, many nanoparticle formulations have been customised to enter cells through endocytosis and deliver the cargo within the cell. In this critical review, we present an overview of the biology of endocytosis and discuss its implications in cell internalisation of nanoparticles. We discuss how nanoparticle size, shape and surface chemistry can control this process effectively. Finally, we discuss different drug delivery strategies on how to evade lysosomal degradation to promote effective release of the cargo (376 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Canton
- The Krebs Institute, The Centre for Membrane Interaction and Dynamics, The Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, and the Department of Biomedical Science, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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Carney RP, Carney TM, Mueller M, Stellacci F. Dynamic cellular uptake of mixed-monolayer protected nanoparticles. Biointerphases 2012; 7:17. [PMID: 22589060 DOI: 10.1007/s13758-011-0017-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are gaining increasing attention for potential application in medicine; consequently, studying their interaction with cells is of central importance. We found that both ligand arrangement and composition on gold nanoparticles play a crucial role in their cellular internalization. In our previous investigation, we showed that 66-34OT nanoparticles coated with stripe-like domains of hydrophobic (octanethiol, OT, 34%) and hydrophilic (11-mercaptoundecane sulfonate, MUS, 66%) ligands permeated through the cellular lipid bilayer via passive diffusion, in addition to endo-/pino-cytosis. Here, we show an analysis of NP internalization by DC2.4, 3T3, and HeLa cells at two temperatures and multiple time points. We study four NPs that differ in their surface structures and ligand compositions and report on their cellular internalization by intracellular fluorescence quantification. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy we have found that all three cell types internalize the 66-34OT NPs more than particles coated only with MUS, or particles coated with a very similar coating but lacking any detectable ligand shell structure, or 'striped' particles but with a different composition (34-66OT) at multiple data points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy P Carney
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Huang N, Yan Y, Xu Y, Jin Y, Lei J, Zou X, Ran D, Zhang H, Luan S, Gu H. Alumina nanoparticles alter rhythmic activities of local interneurons in the antennal lobe ofDrosophila. Nanotoxicology 2012; 7:212-20. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2011.648668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ma X, Wu Y, Jin S, Tian Y, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Yu L, Liang XJ. Gold nanoparticles induce autophagosome accumulation through size-dependent nanoparticle uptake and lysosome impairment. ACS NANO 2011; 5:8629-39. [PMID: 21974862 DOI: 10.1021/nn202155y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 449] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Development of nanotechnology calls for a comprehensive understanding of the impact of nanomaterials on biological systems. Autophagy is a lysosome-based degradative pathway which plays an essential role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Previous studies have shown that nanoparticles from various sources can induce autophagosome accumulation in treated cells. However, the underlying mechanism is still not clear. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are one of the most widely used nanomaterials and have been reported to induce autophagosome accumulation. In this study, we found that AuNPs can be taken into cells through endocytosis in a size-dependent manner. The internalized AuNPs eventually accumulate in lysosomes and cause impairment of lysosome degradation capacity through alkalinization of lysosomal pH. Consistent with previous studies, we found that AuNP treatment can induce autophagosome accumulation and processing of LC3, an autophagosome marker protein. However, degradation of the autophagy substrate p62 is blocked in AuNP-treated cells, which indicates that autophagosome accumulation results from blockade of autophagy flux, rather than induction of autophagy. Our data clarify the mechanism by which AuNPs induce autophagosome accumulation and reveal the effect of AuNPs on lysosomes. This work is significant to nanoparticle research because it illustrates how nanoparticles can potentially interrupt the autophagic pathway and has important implications for biomedical applications of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Ma
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, Division of Nanomedicine and Nanobiology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China
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