Facile fluorescence detection of malachite green in fish using molecularly imprinted polymers doped CdTe quantum dots based system

Malachite green (MG) possesses high toxicity, therefore, the detection of MG in fish tissues is of vital importance. A novel core-shell MIPs doped CdTe quantum dots coated silica nanoparticles (CdTe-MIP/SiO2 NPs) were synthesized via a simple one-pot strategy. The materials were characterized carefully. The resulting CdTe-MIP/SiO2 NPs were coated on the thin layer chromatography plate, and coupled with miniaturized fluorimeter for fluorescence detection of MG in fish samples. The resulting CdTe-MIP/SiO2 NPs based system possessed good linearity (0.01 ∼ 20 μmol/L), high recoveries (98.36 %∼101.45 %) and low detection limit (3.7 nmol/L) for MG. Furthermore, CdTe-MIP/SiO2 NPs based system were employed to measure fish samples spiked with MG, meanwhile, HPLC was utilized to evaluate the accuracy and reliability. And the paired t-test was conducted to evaluate differences between fluorescence method and HPLC, P > 0.05 means no significant difference was observed, the results demonstrated that both fluorescence method and HPLC are suitable for MG analysis.

Molecular imprinting-based triple-emission ratiometric fluorescence sensor with aggregation-induced emission effect for visual detection of doxycycline

The development of high-performance sensors for doxycycline (DOX) detection is necessary because its residue accumulation will cause serious harm to human health and the environment. Here, a novel tri-emission ratiometric fluorescence sensor was proposed by using "post-mixing" strategy of different emissions fluorescence molecularly imprinted polymers with salicylamide as dummy template (DMIPs). BSA was chosen as assistant functional monomer, and also acted as sensitizers for the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effect of DOX. The blue-emitting carbon dots and the red-emitting CdTe quantum dots were separately introduced into DMIPs as the response signals. Upon DOX recognition within 2 min, blue and red fluorescence of the tri-emission DMIPs sensor were quenched while green fluorescence of DOX was enhanced, resulting in a wide range of color variations observed over bluish violet-rosered-light pink-orange-yellow-green with a detection limit of 0.061 μM. The sensor possessed highly selective recognition and was successfully applied to detect DOX in complicated real samples. Moreover, with the fluorescent color collection and data processing, the smartphone-assisted visual detection of the sensors showed satisfied sensitivity with low detection limit. This work provides great potential applications for rapid and visual detection of antibiotics in complex substrates.

Influence of microplastics on the availability of antibiotics in soils

Microplastics (MPs) and antibiotics, as two major types of emerging pollutants, inevitably coexist in the soil environment due to agricultural film residue, sewage irrigation and sludge application. However, the impact of MPs on antibiotic availability in soils with varying characteristics has not been extensively studied. Therefore, in this study, an interference experiment was conducted using three types of MPs (polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polypropylene (PP)) in red soil, paddy soil and cinnamon soil. The available antibiotics in soils were evaluated using diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT). Results showed that MPs had a significant impact on the amount of antibiotics adsorbed on soil solid (Cs) by providing additional binding sites or altering soil characteristics (e.g., pH and dissolved organic carbon). The most significant effects on Cs were observed in cinnamon soil, and the Cs values were dependent on concentration of MPs. The available antibiotics, as measured by DGT significantly decreased after the addition of MPs. This decrease was influenced by the soil characteristics. However, the concentration of antibiotics in soil solutions (Cd) was only slightly impacted by MPs. Therefore, the influence of MPs on the migration of antibiotics was reflected by their impact on the soil/water partition coefficient (Kd), while the resupply ability (R) from the soil solid phase was less influential. Moreover, the dosage of MPs had a significant effect on the availability of antibiotics in CS by promoting the adsorption of antibiotics on the solid phase, while in RS and PS, the soil properties played a dominate role in the changes in antibiotic availability after MP addition. These results indicate that the impact of MPs on available antibiotics mainly depends on soil properties. In addition, DGT measurement is more sensitive than soil solution to investigate the effects of coexisting pollutants on the behavior of antibiotics in soil.

Molecularly imprinted metal-organic frameworks assisted cloth and paper hybrid microfluidic devices for visual detection of gonyautoxin

Marine algal toxin contamination is a major threat to human health. Thus, it is crucial to develop rapid and on-site techniques for detecting algal toxins. In this work, we developed colorimetric cloth and paper hybrid microfluidic devices (μCPADs) for rapid detection of gonyautoxin (GTX1/4) combined with molecularly imprinted polymers. In addition, the metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) composites were applied for this approach by their unique features. Guanosine serves as a dummy template for surface imprinting and has certain structural advantages in recognizing gonyautoxin. MOF@MIPs composites were able to perform a catalytic color reaction using hydrogen peroxide-tetramethylbenzidine for the detection of GTX1/4. The cloth-based sensing substrates were assembled on origami μPADs to form user-friendly, miniaturized colorimetric μCPADs. Combined with a smartphone, the proposed colorimetric μCPADs successfully achieved a low limit of detection of 0.65 μg/L within the range of 1-200 μg/L for rapid visual detection of GTX1/4. Moreover, the GTX1/4 of real shellfish and seawater samples were satisfactorily detected to indicate the application prospect of the μCPADs. The proposed method shows good potential in the low-cost, stable establishment of assays for the rapid detection of environmental biotoxins.

Effects of heat stress on feed intake, milk yield, milk composition, and feed efficiency in dairy cows: A meta-analysis

Heat stress compromises dairy production by decreasing feed intake and milk yield, and it may also alter milk composition and feed efficiency. However, little information is available for evaluating such effects across different levels of heat stress and cows enrolled in heat stress studies. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of heat stress on dry matter intake (DMI), energy-corrected milk (ECM), milk composition, and feed efficiency (kg ECM/kg DMI) and to investigate the relationship between such effects and heat stress intervention and animal characteristics by using meta-analytical approaches. Data from 31 studies (34 trials) fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were used for analysis. Results showed that heat stress decreased DMI, ECM, and milk protein concentration, but did not alter milk fat concentration or feed efficiency. Meta-regression confirmed that such reductions in DMI and ECM were significantly associated with increasing temperature-humidity index (THI). Over the period of heat stress, for each unit increase in THI, DMI and ECM decreased by 4.13% and 3.25%, respectively, in mid-lactation cows. Regression models further revealed the existence of a strong interaction between THI and lactation stage, which partially explained the large heterogeneity in effect sizes of DMI and ECM. The results indicated a need for more research on the relationship between the effect of heat stress and animal characteristics. This study calls for the implementation of mitigation strategies in heat-stressed herds due to the substantial decrease in productivity.

Molecular Imprinting-Based SERS Detection Strategy for the Large-Size Protein Quantitation and Curbing Non-Specific Recognition

Molecular imprinting-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (MI-SERS) sensors have shown remarkable potential from an academic standpoint. However, their practical applications, especially in the detection of large-size protein (≥10 nm), face challenges due to the lack of versatile sensing strategies and nonspecific fouling of matrix species. Herein, we propose a Raman reporter inspector mechanism (RRIM) implemented on a protein-imprinted polydopamine (PDA) layer coated on the SERS active substrate. In the RRIM, after large-size protein recognition, the permeability of the PDA imprinted cavities undergoes changes that are scrutinized by Raman reporter molecules. Target proteins can specifically bind and fully occupy the imprinted cavities, whereas matrix species cannot. Then, Raman reporter molecules with suitable size are introduced to serve as both inspectors of the recognition status and inducers of the SERS signal, which can only penetrate through the vacant and nonspecifically filled cavities. Consequently, changes in the SERS signal exclusively originate from the specific binding of target proteins, while the nonspecific recognition of matrix species is curbed. The RRIM enables reproducible quantitation of the large-size cyanobacteria-specific protein model (≥10 nm), phycocyanin, at the level down to 2.6 × 10-3 μg L-1. Finally, the practical applicability of the RRIM is confirmed by accurately analyzing crude urban waterway samples over 21 min without any pretreatment.

Colorimetric and fluorescent independent dual "signal on" biosensor for accurate detection of ochratoxin A based on aptamer-triggered biocatalytic reactions

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a hazardous food contaminant with significant health risks. Dual-channel OTA detection is noted for its cross-reference capability and high accuracy. Still, challenges in addressing in-system corrections and "signal off" related false positives and limited signal gains remain. Herein, we developed a dual-channel "signal on" aptasensor with one recognition process and two independent signal outputs for OTA analysis. The OTA aptamer binds to magnetic beads (MBs) and partially hybridizes with a complementary-trigger (cDNA-Trigger) sequence. Adding OTA disrupts the duplex sequence, leading to G-quadruplex (G4) formation and enrichment on the MBs, which then interacts with hemin to catalyze a color signal. Concurrently, the freed cDNA-Trigger catalyzes an enzyme-free DNA circuit, producing a fluorescence signal. The magnetic enrichment and signal amplification strategies make the proposed assay demonstrate excellent sensitivity toward OTA, with limits of detection (LOD) of 0.017 pM in the fluorescence channel and 48.1 pM in the colorimetric channel. Both channels have effectively detected OTA in grape juice and baijiu, demonstrating their applicability and reliability. Moreover, given the widespread use of smartphones globally, a mini-program with a self-correction function was designed to facilitate on-site colorimetric channel monitoring, making OTA detection more accessible and user-friendly.

Beyond the promise: Exploring the complex interactions of nanoparticles within biological systems

The exploration of nanoparticle applications is filled with promise, but their impact on the environment and human health raises growing concerns. These tiny environmental particles can enter the human body through various routes, such as the respiratory system, digestive tract, skin absorption, intravenous injection, and implantation. Once inside, they can travel to distant organs via the bloodstream and lymphatic system. This journey often results in nanoparticles adhering to cell surfaces and being internalized. Upon entering cells, nanoparticles can provoke significant structural and functional changes. They can potentially disrupt critical cellular processes, including damaging cell membranes and cytoskeletons, impairing mitochondrial function, altering nuclear structures, and inhibiting ion channels. These disruptions can lead to widespread alterations by interfering with complex cellular signaling pathways, potentially causing cellular, organ, and systemic impairments. This article delves into the factors influencing how nanoparticles behave in biological systems. These factors include the nanoparticles' size, shape, charge, and chemical composition, as well as the characteristics of the cells and their surrounding environment. It also provides an overview of the impact of nanoparticles on cells, organs, and physiological systems and discusses possible mechanisms behind these adverse effects. Understanding the toxic effects of nanoparticles on physiological systems is crucial for developing safer, more effective nanoparticle-based technologies.

SERS-based microdevices for use as in vitro diagnostic biosensors

Advances in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection have helped to overcome the limitations of traditional in vitro diagnostic methods, such as fluorescence and chemiluminescence, owing to its high sensitivity and multiplex detection capability. However, for the implementation of SERS detection technology in disease diagnosis, a SERS-based assay platform capable of analyzing clinical samples is essential. Moreover, infectious diseases like COVID-19 require the development of point-of-care (POC) diagnostic technologies that can rapidly and accurately determine infection status. As an effective assay platform, SERS-based bioassays utilize SERS nanotags labeled with protein or DNA receptors on Au or Ag nanoparticles, serving as highly sensitive optical probes. Additionally, a microdevice is necessary as an interface between the target biomolecules and SERS nanotags. This review aims to introduce various microdevices developed for SERS detection, available for POC diagnostics, including LFA strips, microfluidic chips, and microarray chips. Furthermore, the article presents research findings reported in the last 20 years for the SERS-based bioassay of various diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases. Finally, the prospects of SERS bioassays are discussed concerning the integration of SERS-based microdevices and portable Raman readers into POC systems, along with the utilization of artificial intelligence technology.

[The application of artificial intelligence in prehospital treatment of spinal cord trauma]

The spinal cord trauma induced by production and accidents in the current society has the characteristics of complicated injuries and difficult treatment, which is an important cause of death and disability of the wounded. With the development of computer technology, artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely used in the field of trauma treatment. The application of AI to assist pre-hospital rescue personnel in rapid and accurate identification and emergency treatment of fatal concomitant injuries, the examination of spinal cord function, spinal stabilization, the transport and evacuation of wounded, and supportive treatment can improve the efficiency of spinal cord trauma treatment and reduce the rate of death and disability.

Rev-erbα attenuates refractory periapical periodontitis via M1 polarization: An in vitro and in vivo study

AIM

Rev-erbα has been reported to regulate the healing of inflammatory lesions through its effect on the immune system in a variety of inflammatory disease. Moreover, the balance of macrophages polarization plays a crucial role in immune response and inflammatory progression. However, in refractory periapical periodontitis (RAP), the role of Rev-erbα in inflammatory response and bone resorption by regulating macrophage polarization remains unclarified. The aims of the present study were to investigate the expression of Rev-erbα in experimental RAP and to explore the relationship between Rev-erbα and macrophage polarization through the application of its pharmacological agonist SR9009 into the in vivo and in vitro experiments.

METHODOLOGY

Enterococcus faecalis-induced RAP models were established in SD rats. Histological staining and micro-computed tomography scanning were used to evaluate osteoclastogenesis and alveolar bone resorption. The expression of Rev-erbα and macrophage polarization were detected in the periapical tissues from rats by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and western blots. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed to explore the relationship between Rev-erbα and inflammatory cytokines related to macrophage polarization.

RESULT

Compared to healthy periapical tissue, the expression of Rev-erbα was significantly down-regulated in macrophages from inflammatory periapical area, especially in Enterococcus faecalis-induced periapical lesions, with obvious type-1 macrophage (M1)-like dominance and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, Rev-erbα activation by SR9009 could induce type-2 macrophage (M2)-like polarization in periapical tissue and THP1 cell line, followed by increased secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β. Furthermore, intracanal application of SR9009 reduced the lesion size and promoted the repair of RAP by decreasing the number of osteoclasts and enhancing the formation of mineralized tissue in periapical inflammatory lesions.

CONCLUSIONS

Rev-erbα played an essential role in the pathogenesis of RAP through its effect on macrophage polarization. Targeting Rev-erbα might be a promising and prospective therapy method for the prevention and management of RAP.

New radiofrequency ablation procedure for selective reduction in complicated monochorionic twin or triplet pregnancy using multistep, incremental expansion technique

OBJECTIVE

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is the preferred approach for selective reduction in complex monochorionic (MC) multiple pregnancies owing to the ease of operation and minimal invasiveness. To optimize the RFA technique and reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy outcome resulting from the heat-sink effect of RFA therapy, we used an innovative RFA method, in which an electrode needle was expanded incrementally and stepwise. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety profile of this novel multistep incremental expansion RFA method for selective fetal reduction in MC twin and triplet pregnancies.

METHODS

This was a single-center retrospective cohort study of all MC multiple pregnancies undergoing RFA between March 2016 and October 2022 at our center. The multistep RFA technique involved the use of an expandable needle, which was gradually expanded during the RFA procedure until cessation of umbilical cord blood flow was achieved. The needle used for the single-step RFA method was fully extended from the start of treatment.

RESULTS

In total, 132 MC multiple pregnancies underwent selective reduction using RFA, including 50 cases undergoing multistep RFA and 82 cases undergoing single-step RFA. The overall survival rates were not significantly different between the multistep and single-step RFA groups (81.1% vs 72.3%; P = 0.234). Similarly, the rates of preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes within 2 weeks after RFA, procedure-related complications, spontaneous preterm delivery and pathological findings on cranial ultrasound, as well as gestational age at delivery and birth weight, did not differ between the two groups. However, there was a trend towards a prolonged procedure-to-delivery interval following multistep RFA compared with single-step RFA (median, 109 vs 99 days; P = 0.377). Moreover, the fetal loss rate within 2 weeks after RFA in the multistep RFA group was significantly lower than that in the single-step RFA group (10.0% vs 24.4%; P = 0.041). The median ablation time was shorter (5.3 vs 7.8 min; P < 0.001) and the median ablation energy was lower (10.2 vs 18.0 kJ; P < 0.001) in multistep compared with single-step RFA. There were no significant differences in neonatal outcomes following multistep vs single-step RFA.

CONCLUSIONS

Overall survival rates were similar between the two RFA methods. However, the multistep RFA technique was associated with a lower risk of fetal loss within 2 weeks after RFA. The multistep RFA technique required significantly less ablation energy and a shorter ablation time compared with single-step RFA in selective fetal reduction of MC twin and triplet pregnancies. Additionally, there was a trend towards a prolonged procedure-to-delivery interval with the multistep RFA technique. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Global cross-cultural validation of a brief measure for identifying potential suicide risk in 42 countries

OBJECTIVES

This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the P4 suicide screener in a multinational sample. The primary goal was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the scale and investigate its convergent validity by analyzing its correlation with depression, anxiety, and substance use.

STUDY DESIGN

The study design is a cross-sectional self-report study conducted across 42 countries.

METHODS

A cross-sectional, self-report study was conducted in 42 countries, with a total of 82,243 participants included in the final data set.

RESULTS

The study provides an overview of suicide ideation rates across 42 countries and confirms the structural validity of the P4 screener. The findings indicated that sexual and gender minority individuals exhibited higher rates of suicidal ideation. The P4 screener showed adequate reliability, convergence, and discriminant validity, and a cutoff score of 1 is recommended to identify individuals at risk of suicidal behavior.

CONCLUSIONS

The study supports the reliability and validity of the P4 suicide screener across 42 diverse countries, highlighting the importance of using a cross-cultural suicide risk assessment to standardize the identification of high-risk individuals and tailoring culturally sensitive suicide prevention strategies.

Optimizing the indication of initial radioiodine oncolytic treatment for metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer by diagnostic 131I scan

AIM

As a classic theranostic radiopharmaceutical, radioiodine (131I) has been utilized in the management of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) for more than 8 decades, and the refinement of its clinical practice has been raised recently. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of a diagnostic (Dx) 131I scan in optimizing the indication of initial radioiodine oncolytic treatment (ROT) for metastatic DTC by predicting therapeutic outcomes.

RESULTS

A total of 100 patients (Dx positive, n=29; Dx negative, n=71) were eligible for patient-based analysis. The matching rate was 83.0% between the Dx and the post-therapeutic scans (kappa = 0.648, P<0.001). The biochemical remission rate and structural shrinkage rate induced by the initial ROT in the Dx-positive group were, respectively, greater than those in the Dx-negative group (83.3% vs. 17.4%, P<0.001; 37.9% vs. 4.2%, P<0.001). Notably, the predictive values of positive Dx scans for ROT responsiveness and negative Dx scans for ROT nonresponsiveness reached up to 89.7% and 84.5%, respectively.

CONCLUSION

This Dx scan approach seems viable in characterizing the 131I-avidity of metastatic DTC and plays a pivotal role in optimizing the indication of initial ROT for metastatic DTC.

Evaluation of nanoplastics-induced redox imbalance in cells, larval zebrafish, and daphnia magna with a superoxide anion radical fluorescent probe

Nanoplastics (NPs) is a novel plastic contaminant that could be taken up by cells and lead to severe biotoxicity toxicity, NPs in cells can cause oxidant damage by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lead to acute inflammation. As a major ROS which related to many kinds of physiological and pathological processes, superoxide anion radical (O2•-) could be utilized as a signal of oxidant damage effected by NPs exposure in vivo. To detect the toxic damage mechanism of NPs, a fluorescence probe Bcy-OTf has been developed to monitor O2•- fluctuations content in cells and aquatic organisms after exposure to NPs. The probe has a high sensitivity (LOD = 20 nM) and a rapid responsive time (within 6 min), and it has high selectivity and low cytotoxicity to analysis the levels of the endogenous O2•-. Endogenous O2•- induced by NPs in living cells, Daphnia magna and larval zebrafish were analyzed. Moreover, the results confirmed the key role of MAPK and NF-κB pathway in NPs stimulation mechanisms in cells. This study indicated that Bcy-OTf can precisely assess the fluctuations of endogenous O2•-, which has potential for applying in further analysis mechanisms of NPs biological risks.

[Risk prediction and function evaluation by T-cell epitope model and expression model of HLA-DPB1 mismatching in unrelated-donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantations]

Objective: To evaluate the risk prediction and assessment function of HLA-DPB1 T-cell epitope (TCE) model and expression model in human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (MUD-HSCT) with HLA-DPB1 mismatching. Methods: A total of 364 (182 pairs) potential MUD-HSCT donors and recipients confirmed by HLA high-resolution typing in Shaanxi Blood Center from 2016 to 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. Of the 182 recipients, there were 121 males and 61 females with an average age of (26.3±14.2) years. Of the 182 donors, there were 148 males and 34 females with an average age of (33.7±7.5) years. Polymerase chain reaction-sequence-based typing (PCR-SBT), next-generation sequencing (NGS) and polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific oligonucleotide probe (PCR-SSO) based on LABScan®3D platform were used for high-resolution typing of HLA-A, B, C, DRB1, DQB1, DPB1 gene, and PCR-SBT was used for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing. TCE model and expression model were used to predict and evaluate the HLA-DPB1 mismatch pattern and acute graft-versus-host-disease (aGVHD) risk. Results: A total of 26 HLA-DPB1 alleles and their 3'-UTR rs9277534 SNP genotypes were detected in this study population, and two new alleles HLA-DPB1*1052∶01 and HLA-DPB1*1119∶01 were found and officially named. The overall mismatch rate of HLA-DPB1 in MUD-HSCT donors and recipients was 90.66% (165/182). In TCE model, the HLA-DPB1 mismatch rates of permissible mismatch (PM) and non-permissible mismatch (non-PM) were 47.80% (87/182) and 42.86% (78/182), respectively. The non-PM in GvH direction was 13.73% (25/182), and which in HvG direction was 29.12% (53/182). A total of 73 pairs of donors and recipients in TCE model met the evaluation criteria of expression model. Among of TCE PM group, recipient DP5 mismatches accounted for 34.25% (25/73) were predicted as aGVHD high risk according to expression model. For the TCE non-PM group, both the recipient DP2 mismatches of 6.85% (5/73) and recipient DP5 mismatches of 10.86% (8/73) were predicted to be at high risk for aGVHD. Risk prediction by TCE model and expression model was 27.27% concordant and 16.97% unconcordant. Conclusions: TCE model and expression model are effective tools to predict aGVHD risk of MUD-HSCT. Comprehensive application of the two models is helpful to the hierarchical assessment of HSCT risk.

[Interpretation on genetic tumour syndromes in the 5th WHO classification of paediatric tumours: part Ⅱ]

WHO firstly published the classification of paediatric tumours, in which genetic tumour syndromes were introduced as a separate chapter, covering the clinicopathological features, molecular genetic alterations, and diagnostic criteria of various tumor susceptibility syndromes common in children. This article briefly introduces and interprets 5 hotspot genetic tumour syndromes (neurofibromatosis type 1, naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis and xeroderma pigmentosum) based on relevant literature, in order to bring new perspectives and insights to pathologists and clinicians.

Influence of intracranial hemorrhage on clinical outcome in acute vertebrobasilar artery occlusion undergoing endovascular treatment

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

The effect of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) on the outcome of patients with large-vessel occlusion undergoing endovascular treatment (EVT) has mainly focused on the anterior circulation. Knowledge of the relationship between ICH and outcomes in patients with acute vertebrobasilar artery occlusion (VBAO) receiving EVT is limited. We aimed to assess whether ICH is a prognostic marker for acute VBAO following EVT.

METHODS

Patients who underwent EVT for acute VBAO in the acute posterior circulation ischemic stroke (PERSIST) registry were included. All patients were classified as having no or any-ICH. Any-ICH was subdivided into asymptomatic and symptomatic ICH. A multivariate regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between ICH and functional outcomes in patients with acute VBAO after receiving EVT.

RESULTS

Five hundred and forty-seven patients, including 107 patients with ICH (19.6%): 38 (7.0%) and 69 (12.6%) with symptomatic and asymptomatic ICH, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, any-ICH was independently associated with reduced chance of favorable outcome (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.21-0.72, P=0.003), functional independence (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.16-0.52, P<0.001), and excellent outcome (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.15-0.75, P=0.008), and increased mortality risk (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.30-3.51, P=0.003). Symptomatic ICH had a similar association. Moreover, asymptomatic ICH was a negative predictor of functional independence (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.17-0.88, P=0.024).

CONCLUSION

Any- and symptomatic ICH were strongly associated with worse clinical outcomes and increased mortality in patients with acute VBAO who underwent EVT. Asymptomatic ICH was an inverse predictor of functional independence.

New Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging Platform with Large Stokes Shift for Carboxylesterase 2 Detection in Thyroid Cancer and Inflammatory Diseases Diagnosis

Development of new near-infrared fluorophores is one of the eternal themes in the field of biosensing and biological imaging. In this work, we constructed a novel fluorophore platform MOR by replacing methylindole of hemicyanine fluorophore (CyR) with benzoxazole to acquire better fluorescence characteristics. Based on the platform, a near infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe MOR-CES2 was synthesized for the specific "off-on" response to carboxylesterase 2 (CES2). The probe exhibited excellent properties including near-infrared emission (735 nm), large Stokes shift (105 nm), high sensitivity (LOD, 0.3 ng/mL), and rapid response (15 min). The successful application of MOR-CES2 in biological imaging of CES2 in mice with thyroid cancer and inflammatory bowel disease demonstrated that the probe could identify cancer cells and tissues and sensitively respond to inflammation. The results proved the potency of MOR-CES2 as an efficient imaging tool to assist in the surgical resection of CES2-related tumors.

Construction of a myoglobin scaffold-based biocatalyst for the biodegradation of sulfadiazine and sulfathiazole

Sulfonamide antibiotics, a family of broad-spectrum antibiotic drugs, are increasingly used in aquaculture and are frequently detected in aquatic environments. This poses a potential threat to organisms and may cause the evolution of antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, it is important to develop an environmentally friendly and efficient biocatalyst to degrade sulfonamides (SAs) such as sulfadiazine (SD) and sulfathiazole (ST). Here, we realized the direct and efficient degradation of SD and ST using a hydrogen peroxide-dependent artificial catalytic system based on myoglobin (Mb). The arrangements of amino acids at positions 29, 43, 64, and 68 were found to influence catalytic activity. An L29H/H64D/V68I myoglobin mutant showed the best catalytic efficiency (i.e., kcat/Km = 720.42 M-1 s-1) against SD. Next, mutant H64D/V68I showed the best degradation rate against SD (i.e., 91.45 ± 0.16%). Moreover, L29H/H64D/V68I Mb was found to efficiently catalyze ST oxidation (kcat/Km = 670.08 M-1 s-1), while H64D/V68I had the best degradation rate against ST (i.e., 99.45 ± 0.23%). Our results demonstrate that SAs can be efficiently degraded by artificial peroxygenases constructed using a myoglobin scaffold. This therefore provides a simple and economical method for the biodegradation of SD and ST.

[A survey on the current situation of serum vitamin A and vitamin D levels among children aged 2-<7 years of 20 cities in China]

Objective: To investigate serum vitamin A and vitamin D status in children aged 2-<7 years in 20 cities in China. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 2 924 healthy children aged 2-<7 years were recruited from September 2018 to September 2019 from 20 cities in China, categorized by age groups of 2-<3 years, 3-<5 years, and 5-<7 years. The demographic and economic characteristics and health-related information of the enrolled children were investigated. Body weight and height were measured by professional staff members. The serum vitamin A and vitamin D levels were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Chi-square test and Logistic regression were applied to analyze the association between vitamin A and vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency as well as their underlying impact factors. Results: The age of the 2 924 enrolled children was 4.33 (3.42, 5.17) years. There were 1 726 males (59.03%) and 1 198 females (40.97%). The prevalences of vitamin A and vitamin D deficiency in enrolled children were 2.19% (64/2 924) and 3.52% (103/2 924), respectively, and the insufficiency rates were 29.27% (856/2 924) and 22.20% (649/2 924), respectively. Children with both vitamin A and vitamin D deficiencies or insufficiencies were found in 10.50% (307/2 924) of cases. Both vitamin A (χ2=7.91 and 8.06, both P=0.005) and vitamin D (χ2=71.35 and 115.10, both P<0.001) insufficiency rates were higher in children aged 3-<5 and 5-<7 years than those in children aged 2-<3 years. Vitamin A and vitamin D supplementation in the last 3 months was a protective factor for vitamin A and D deficiency and insufficiency, respectively (OR=0.68 and 0.22, 95%CI 0.49-0.95 and 0.13-0.40, both P<0.05). The rates of vitamin A and D insufficiency was higher in children with annual household incomes <60 000 RMB than in those with annual household incomes ≥60 000 RMB (χ2=34.11 and 10.43, both P<0.01). Northwest and Southwest had the highest rates of vitamin A and vitamin D insufficiency in children aged 2-<7 yeas, respectively (χ2=93.22 and 202.54, both P<0.001). Conclusions: Among 20 cities in China, children aged 2-<7 years experience high rates of vitamin A and vitamin D insufficiency, which are affected by age, family economic level, vitamin A and vitamin D supplementation, and regional economic level. The current results suggest that high level of attention should be paid to vitamin A and vitamin D nutritional status of preschool children.

Effect of a second-generation motion correction algorithm on image quality and measurement reproducibility of coronary CT angiography in patients with a myocardial bridge and mural coronary artery

AIM

To determine the effect of second-generation motion correction (MC2) on image quality and measurement reproducibility of cardiac CT images in patients with a myocardial bridge and mural coronary artery (MB-MCA) compared to standard (STD) images without motion correction and with first-generation motion correction (MC1).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A total of 66 patients with MB-MCA in the left anterior descending branch who underwent 256-detector CT with single-heartbeat acquisition were included. Images were reconstructed at 45% and 75% R-R intervals using STD, MC1, and MC2 algorithms. Image quality for MB-MCA was assessed by two observers on a four-point scale (1 = poor and 4 = excellent) and compared among STD, MC1, and MC2. Depth and length of MB, lumen area, and minimal diameter of MCA were measured and compared.

RESULTS

At 45% R-R interval, image quality scores were 1.59 ± 0.78, 2.21 ± 0.97, and 3.21 ± 0.62 for MCA, and 2.48 ± 0.79, 2.76 ± 0.75, and 3.58 ± 0.58 for MB with STD, MC1 and MC2, respectively. At 75% R-R interval, these values were 2.26 ± 0.60, 3.03 ± 0.89, and 3.59 ± 0.55 for MCA and 3.00 ± 0.93, 3.17 ± 0.83, and 3.80 ± 0.44 for MB. Although MC1 was superior to STD in displaying MCA, there was no statistical difference between the two algorithms for MB (p>0.05). Compared with STD and MC1, MC2 statistically improved image quality and interpretability for both MCA and MB and had narrower limits in interobserver agreement for measurements at both 45% and 75% R-R intervals.

CONCLUSION

MC2 improves CT image quality and measurement reproducibility in patients with MB-MCA compared to STD and MC1.

Clinical characteristics, outcomes and risk factors for mortality in hospitalized diabetes and chronic kidney disease patients after COVID-19 infection following widespread vaccination

BACKGROUND

COVID-19 poses a significant threat to patients with comorbidities, such as diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD). China experienced a nationwide COVID-19 endemic from December 2022 to January 2023, which is the first occurrence of such an outbreak following China's widespread administration of COVID-19 vaccinations.

METHODS

A total of 338 patients with diabetes and CKD combined with COVID-19 infection between December 7, 2022 and January 31, 2023 were included in this study. The end follow-up date was February 10, 2023. Univariate analysis and multivariate Cox analysis were used to analyze risk factors for death.

RESULTS

During the 50-day median follow-up period, 90 patients in the study cohort died, for a mortality rate of 26.63%. The median age of the study cohort was 74 years, with a male predominance of 74%. During hospitalization, 21% of patients had incident AKI, 17% of patients experienced stroke, and 40% of patients experienced respiratory failure. Cox proportional hazard regression showed that older age, a diagnosis of severe or critically severe COVID-19 infection, incident AKI and respiratory failure, higher level of average values of fasting glucose during hospitalization, UA, and total bilirubin were independent risk factors for death in our multivariate model.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings highlight the critical importance of identifying and managing comorbid risk factors for COVID-19, especially among the elderly, in order to optimize clinical outcomes, even after COVID-19 vaccination.

Hepatitis E virus infection increases the risk of obstetric complications and perinatal adverse outcomes in pregnant women with chronic hepatitis B virus infection

OBJECTIVE

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection may occur in pregnant women who had chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. This study aimed to evaluate whether HEV-HBV co-infection increases the risk of obstetric complications and perinatal adverse outcomes in pregnant women.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

We investigated the clinical data of 3,251 pregnant women with chronic HBV infection. The obstetric complications and perinatal adverse outcomes were compared between patients with HEV-HBV co-infection and patients who had pure chronic HBV infection.

RESULTS

Of the 3,251 pregnant women with chronic HBV infection, 98 patients (3%) had HEV-HBV co-infection. Compared with healthy controls, there is an increased risk of obstetric complications in pregnant women with pure HEV infection [odds ratio (OR)= 3.99, p < 0.001], pure chronic HBV infection (OR = 2.76, p < 0.001), and HEV-HBV co-infection (OR = 5.41,p < 0.001). The rate of obstetric complications and perinatal adverse outcomes is significantly higher in pregnant women with HEV-HBV co-infection compared with those with pure chronic HBV infection or those with pure HEV infection (all p< 0.05). The HEV-HBV co-infection is the most significant risk factor for perinatal adverse outcomes (OR = 15.47, p < 0.001), followed by pure HEV infection (OR = 10.22, p < 0.001), and pure HBV infection (OR = 5.82, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

HEV infection increases the risk of obstetric complications and perinatal adverse outcomes in pregnant women with chronic HBV infection.

Magnetic resonance imaging based on radiomics for differentiating T1-category nasopharyngeal carcinoma from nasopharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia: a multicenter study

PURPOSE

To investigate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based on radiomics using T2-weighted imaging fat suppression (T2WI-FS) and contrast enhanced T1-weighted imaging (CE-T1WI) sequences in differentiating T1-category nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) from nasopharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia (NPH).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This study enrolled 614 patients (training dataset: n = 390, internal validation dataset: n = 98, and external validation dataset: n = 126) of T1-category NPC and NPH. Three feature selection methods were used, including analysis of variance, recursive feature elimination, and relief. The logistic regression classifier was performed to construct the radiomics signatures of T2WI-FS, CE-T1WI, and T2WI-FS + CE-T1WI to differentiate T1-category NPC from NPH. The performance of the optimal radiomics signature (T2WI-FS + CE-T1WI) was compared with those of three radiologists in the internal and external validation datasets.

RESULTS

Twelve, 15, and 15 radiomics features were selected from T2WI-FS, CE-T1WI, and T2WI-FS + CE-T1WI to develop the three radiomics signatures, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) values for radiomics signatures of T2WI-FS + CE-T1WI and CE-T1WI were significantly higher than that of T2WI-FS (AUCs = 0.940, 0.935, and 0.905, respectively) for distinguishing T1-category NPC and NPH in the training dataset (Ps all < 0.05). In the internal and external validation datasets, the radiomics signatures based on T2WI-FS + CE-T1WI and CE-T1WI outperformed T2WI-FS with no significant difference (AUCs = 0.938, 0.925, and 0.874 for internal validation dataset and 0.932, 0.918, and 0.882 for external validation dataset; Ps > 0.05). The radiomics signature of T2WI-FS + CE-T1WI significantly performed better than three radiologists in the internal and external validation datasets.

CONCLUSION

The MRI-based radiomics signature is meaningful in differentiating T1-category NPC from NPH and potentially helps clinicians select suitable therapy strategies.

[Epidemiological and clinical features of newly reported advanced schistosomiasis cases in Sichuan Province from 2011 to 2022]

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of newly reported advanced schistosomiasis cases in Sichuan Province, so as to provide the evidence for analyzing the causes and formulating targeted control measures of newly reported advanced schistosomiasis cases.

METHODS

Individual case investigation forms for advanced schistosomiasis cases were collected from the Sichuan Provincial Epidemic Annual Report System from 2011 to 2022, and patients' demographics, previous medical history and liver parenchymal grading were retrieved. All advanced schistosomiasis cases' medical records were reviewed, and the subtypes of schistosomiasis-endemic villages where the cases' household registration were, floating population, survival and death and time of death were collected.

RESULTS

A total of 321 newly reported advanced schistosomiasis cases were found in Sichuan Province from 2011 to 2022, with a male to female ratio of 0.99 to 1. There were 274 cases at ages of over 50 years (85.4%), with the highest proportion seen at ages of 60 to 69 years (87 cases, 27.1%), and splenomegaly was the most common type (180 cases, 56.1%), with no dwarfism type detected. The highest number of cases was reported in 2011 (78 cases), followed by in 2022 (74 cases), and the highest number of cases were reported in Meishan City (199 cases, 62.0%), Dongpo District (131 cases, 40.8%), and hilly subtype areas (136 cases, 42.4%). As of the end of 2022, there were 111 deaths due to advanced schistosomiasis, with the highest number of deaths seen in 2018 (25 deaths), and the highest mortality was seen among patients with the ascites type (41.2%). There were 47 (37.3%), 40 (59.5%) and 4 (23.5%) cases with grade III liver parenchyma among patients with splenomegaly, ascites, and colonic proliferation types, respectively, and there was a significant difference in the grading of III liver parenchyma among three types of patients (H = 12.092, P < 0.05), with more severe liver parenchyma injuries seen among patients with the ascites type than among those with splenomegaly and colonic proliferation type (Z = 24.262 and 44.738, both Padjusted values < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

There have been newly reported advanced schistosomiasis cases in Sichuan Province during recent years, and patients with the ascites type should be given a high priority among advanced schistosomiasis cases in Sichuan Province. Intensified clue surveys are needed for early identification and treatment of advanced schistosomiasis cases, so as to increase the survival rate and improve the quality of life.

Development of fluorescent probes with specific recognition moiety for hydrogen polysulfide

Hydrogen polysulfide (H2Sn, n > 1) is an important component of reactive sulfur species (RSS), which is an important substance for maintaining the redox balance in cells. However, limited recognition moieties are available for hydrogen polysulfide probe design. In this study, we have constructed a small library containing several organic molecules to explore a new specific recognition moiety for H2Sn fluorescent probe design. To validate the discovery, two fluorescent probes, 7 and BCC, were further developed based on coumarin and its derivative. The probes exhibited desirable specificity for H2Sn monitoring, which can be used for detecting H2Sn in solution and cells. The new specific recognition moiety for H2Sn fluorescent probe design discovered in this work has certain guiding significance for development of H2Sn probes exploring biological roles in the future.

Portable smartphone-assisted highly sensitive detection of mercury ions based on gold nanoparticle-modified NH2-UiO-66 metal-organic framework

A novel portable smartphone-assisted colorimetric method was reported for the determination of Hg2+ with good analytical performance. A Zr(IV)-based metal-organic framework functionalized with amino groups (NH2-UiO-66) has been adopted as a supporting platform to anchor gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), avoiding the migration and aggregation of AuNPs. With the addition of Hg2+, the formation of gold amalgam proved possible to enhance peroxidase-like activity of the composite (AuNPs/NH2-UiO-66), accelerating the oxidization of zymolyte 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). In the meantime, the color of the reaction solution turned a vivid blue, and the red, green, and blue (RGB) values of the solution color changed accordingly. On account of this strategy, the quantitative detection of Hg2+ could be achieved. After the optimization of the experiment conditions, the average color intensity (Ic) resulting from RGB values was linear related to the concentration of Hg2+ from 10 to 100 nM, accompanied with a detection limit (LOD) down to 5.4 nM calculated by 3σ/S. The successful application of the designed method has been promoted to detect Hg2+ in some water samples, displaying a great potential in practical application. Furthermore, the use of a smartphone made our proposed method simple and accurate, and thus puts forward a possible way for in situ and real-time monitoring.

Ratiometric fluorescent and electrochemiluminescent dual modal assay for detection of 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid as an anthrax biomarker

2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (DPA) is an excellent biomarker of Bacillus anthracis (B. anthracis). The sensitive detection of DPA, especially through visual point-of-care testing, was significant for accurate and rapid diagnosis of anthrax to timely prevent anthrax disease or biological terrorist attack. Herein, a ratiometric fluorescent (R-FL) and electrochemiluminescent (ECL) dual-mode detection platform with a lanthanide ion-based metal-organic framework (Ln-MOF, i.e., M/Y-X: M = Eu, Y = Tb, and X = 4,4',4″-s-triazine-1,3,5-triyltri-m-aminobenzoic acid) was developed. Eu/Tb-TATAB nanoparticles were constructed to identify DPA. The R-FL detection platform quantitatively detected DPA by monitoring the I545/I617 ratio of the characteristic fluorescence peak intensities of Tb3+ ions and Eu3+ ions. The ECL sensing platform successfully quantified DPA by exploiting the burst effect of DPA on the ECL signal. The above methods had highly sensitive and rapid detection of DPA in water and serum samples. The results showed that this dual-mode detection platform may be projected to be a powerful instrument for preventing related biological warfare and bio-terrorism.

Metal-Organic Framework-Based Composites for the Adsorption Removal of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances from Water

The increasing health risks posed by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the environment highlight the importance of implementing effective removal techniques. Conventional wastewater treatment processes are inadequate for removing persistent organic pollutants. Recent studies have increasingly demonstrated that metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are capable of removing PFASs from water through adsorption techniques. However, there is still constructive discussion on the potential of MOFs in adsorbing and removing PFASs for large-scale engineering applications. This review systematically investigates the use of MOFs as adsorbents for the removal of PFAS in water treatment. This primarily involved a comprehensive analysis of existing literature to understand the adsorption mechanisms of MOFs and to identify factors that enhance their efficiency in removing PFASs. We also explore the critical aspects of regeneration and stability of MOFs, assessing their reusability and long-term performance, which are essential for large-scale water treatment applications. Finally, our study highlights the challenges of removing PFASs using MOFs. Especially, the efficient removal of short-chain PFASs with hydrophilicity is a major challenge, while medium- to long-chain PFASs are frequently susceptible to being captured from water by MOFs through multiple synergistic effects. The ion-exchange force may be the key to solving this difficulty, but its susceptibility to ion interference in water needs to be addressed in practical applications. We hope that this review can provide valuable insights into the effective removal and adsorption mechanisms of PFASs as well as advance the sustainable utilization of MOFs in the field of water treatment, thereby presenting a novel perspective.

Vegetation-fire feedbacks increase subtropical wildfire risk in scrubland and reduce it in forests

Climate dictates wildfire activity around the world. But East and Southeast Asia are an apparent exception as fire-activity variation there is unrelated to climatic variables. In subtropical China, fire activity decreased by 80% between 2003 and 2020 amid increased fire risks globally. Here, we assessed the fire regime, vegetation structure, fuel flammability and their interactions across subtropical Hubei, China. We show that tree basal area (TBA) and fuel flammability explained 60% of fire-frequency variance. Fire frequency and fuel flammability, in turn, explained 90% of TBA variance. These results reveal a novel system of scrubland-forest stabilized by vegetation-fire feedbacks. Frequent fires promote the persistence of derelict scrubland through positive vegetation-fire feedbacks; in forest, vegetation-fire feedbacks are negative and suppress fire. Thus, we attribute the decrease in wildfire activity to reforestation programs that concurrently increase forest coverage and foster negative vegetation-fire feedbacks that suppress wildfire.

Novel porphyrin derivative containing cations as new photodynamic antimicrobial agent with high efficiency

Bacterial infections from chronic wounds affect about 175 million people each year and are a significant clinical problem. Through the integration of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and chemotherapy, a new photosensitizer consisting of ammonium salt N,N-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-(6-(4-(10,15,20-trimesitylporphyrin-5-yl) phenoxy) hexane)-N-methanaminium bromide, TMP(+) was successfully synthesized with a total reaction yield of 10%. The novel photosensitizer consists of two parts, a porphyrin photosensitizer part and a quaternary ammonium salt part, to achieve the synergistic effect of photodynamic and chemical antibacterial activity. With the increase of TMP(+) concentration, the diameter of the PCT fiber membranes (POL/COL/TMP(+); POL, polycaprolactone; COL, collagen) gradually increased, which was caused by the charge of the quaternary ammonium salt. At the same time, the antibacterial properties were gradually improved. We finally selected the PCT 0.5% group for the antibacterial experiment, with excellent performance in fiber uniformity, hydrophobicity and biosafety. The antibacterial experiment showed that the modified porphyrin TMP(+) had a better antibacterial effect than others. In vivo chronic wound healing experiments proved that the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect of the PCTL group was the best, further confirmed by H&E histological analysis, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry mechanism experiments. This research lays the foundation for the manufacture of novel molecules that combine chemical and photodynamic strategies.

Bioactivity and genome analysis of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GL18 isolated from the rhizosphere of Kobresia myosuroides in an alpine meadow

The unique eco-environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau breeds abundant microbial resources. In this research, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GL18, isolated from the rhizosphere of Kobresia myosuroides from an alpine meadow, and the antagonistic activity, bacteriostatic hydrolase activity, and low temperature, salt, and drought resistance of it were determined and analysed. The seedlings of Avena sativa were root-irrigated using bacteria suspensions (cell concentration 1 × 107 cfu/mL) of GL18, and the growth-promoting effect of GL18 on it was determined under cold, salt and drought stress, respectively. The whole genome of GL18 was sequenced, and its functional genes were analysed. GL18 presented significant antagonistic activity to Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium acuminatum, Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger (inhibition zone diameter > 17 mm). Transparent zones formed on four hydrolase detection media, indicating that GL18 secreted cellulase, protease, pectinase and β-1,3-glucanase. GL18 tolerated conditions of 10 °C, 11% NaCl and 15% PEG-6000, presenting cold, salt and drought resistance. GL18 improved the cold, salt and drought tolerance of A. sativa and it showed significant growth effects under different stress. The total length of the GL18 genome was 3,915,550 bp, and the number of coding DNA sequence was 3726. Compared with the clusters of orthologous groups of proteins, gene ontology and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes databases, 3088, 2869 and 2357 functional genes were annotated, respectively. GL18 contained gene clusters related to antibacterial substances, functional genes related to the synthesis of plant growth-promoting substances, and encoding genes related to stress resistance. This study identified an excellent Bacillus strain and provided a theoretical basis for improving stress resistance and promoting the growth of herbages under abiotic stress.

A heteropore covalent organic framework for highly selective enrichment of aryl-organophosphate esters in environmental water coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS determination

The identification of an increasing number of aryl organophosphate esters (aryl-OPEs) in environmental samples has led to growing attention recently. Due to the potential adverse effects on human health and environment, development of new analytical methods for sensitive and selective determination of aryl-OPEs in complex matrices is urgently needed. Here, a novel analytical method for the identification and determination of trace amounts of aryl-OPEs in water samples is developed by using melamine sponge@heteropore covalent organic framework (MS@HCOF) based on vortex-assisted extraction (VAE) prior to UHPLC-MS/MS analysis. The MS@HCOF was rationally designed and synthesized through an in-situ growth strategy and exhibited superior selectivity toward aryl-OPEs compared with that of MS@single-pore COF (MS@SCOF) due to steric effect. A systematic optimization was conducted on important parameters of VAE, resulting in the successful extraction of nine aryl-OPEs in just 6 min. Under optimized conditions, the limits of detection (S/N = 3) and quantification (S/N = 10) were within the ranges of 0.001-0.027 and 0.005-0.091 ng/L for nine aryl-OPEs, respectively. The validated method was proven applicable to real water samples, i.e., the recoveries were 65.3-119.5 % for seawater, 59.4-112.9 % for effluent, and 76.0-117.4 % for tap water. Furthermore, the adsorption mechanisms were explored through density functional theory (DFT) calculations. DFT results revealed that a notable selective enrichment capacity of MS@HCOF towards aryl-OPEs stems from π-π conjugation and hydrogen bonding. The established method benefits from the advantages of high selectivity and sensitivity for the ultra-trace determination of aryl-OPEs.

Aging in soil increases the disturbance of microplastics to the gut microbiota of soil fauna

Microplastics (MPs) in the soil environment inevitably experience aging processes. However, how aging in soil affects MP toxicity to soil fauna remains poorly understood. In this study, two types of widely distributed MPs (polypropylene and tire wear particles) were aged in different soils, and their surface properties, morphology, leaching features of additives, biofilm colonization and toxicity to the typical soil fauna Enchytraeus crypticus were investigated. Results showed that aging in soil slightly changed the surface properties and morphology for both types of MPs, but significantly affected the release of additives, especially for those MPs aged in soil amended with manure. Moreover, a distinct and less diverse microbial community than the surrounding soils was formed on the surface of MPs, and MP type was a determinant of the biofilm microbial community. Exposure experiments indicated that aged MPs, especially those aged in soil with manure significantly affected the reproduction of soil worms with a more obvious disturbance to their gut microbiota, and biofilm features and changes in the leaching properties of MPs during aging were the main factors for these shifts. This study is the first attempt to reveal the role of aging in soil in MP toxicity to soil fauna.

Unraveling the complex dynamics of signaling molecules in cellular signal transduction

Signaling molecules in cellular responses to foreign stimuli are described as static up- or down-concentration changes during signal transduction. This is because analytical methods for transducing molecules are much slower than the signaling events. In this study, we develop a dynamic cell model and reveal the temporal regulation of signal transduction events in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS). The model contained a set of 10 batches of redox-modified cells that mimic the temporal ROS accumulation events. Validating this dynamic cell model, we discover that cells survive early ROS attacks by activating the Nrf2/polysulfide/p62/CDK1 pathway. Nearly all signaling molecules exhibit time-dependent V-shape or inverse V-shape activation/feedback regulation dynamics in response to ROS accumulation. The results show that the dynamic cell model approach is invaluable for revealing complex signal intensity- and time-dependent cell signaling events.

Occurrence, Distribution, and Trophic Transfer of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in the Bohai Sea

The ubiquitous presence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in environments has aroused global concerns; however, minimal information is available regarding their multimedia distribution, bioaccumulation, and trophic transfer in marine environments. Herein, we analyzed 77 representative PPCPs in samples of surface and bottom seawater, surface sediments, and benthic biota from the Bohai Sea. PPCPs were pervasively detected in seawater, sediments, and benthic biota, with antioxidants being the most abundant PPCPs. PPCP concentrations positively correlated between the surface and bottom water with a decreasing trend from the coast to the central oceans. Higher PPCP concentrations in sediment were found in the Yellow River estuary, and the variations in the physicochemical properties of PPCPs and sediment produced a different distribution pattern of PPCPs in sediment from seawater. The log Dow, but not log Kow, showed a linear and positive relationship with bioaccumulation and trophic magnification factors and a parabolic relationship with biota-sediment accumulation factors. The trophodynamics of miconazole and acetophenone are reported for the first time. This study provides novel insights into the multimedia distribution and biomagnification potential of PPCPs and suggests that log Dow is a better indicator of their bioaccumulation and trophic magnification.

[Schistosomiasis control in Sichuan Province since the 12th Five - Year Plan period: progress and prospects]

An ambitious goal has been set for elimination of schistosomiasis in all endemic counties (districts) in Sichuan Province by 2023. To achieve this goal, and to continue to consolidate the control achievements, it is necessary to understand the current endemic status of schistosomiasis, identify the challenges and analyze the experiences and lessons from the schistosomiasis control program, and develop targeted control strategies and interventions in the province. This paper reviews the progress of schistosomiasis control in Sichuan Province since the 12th Five-Year Plan period, analyzes the challenges in the schistosomiasis elimination program, and proposes recommendations for future directions and priorities.

Recent advances in point-of-care testing of COVID-19

Advances in microfluidic device miniaturization and system integration contribute to the development of portable, handheld, and smartphone-compatible devices. These advancements in diagnostics have the potential to revolutionize the approach to detect and respond to future pandemics. Accordingly, herein, recent advances in point-of-care testing (POCT) of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using various microdevices, including lateral flow assay strips, vertical flow assay strips, microfluidic channels, and paper-based microfluidic devices, are reviewed. However, visual determination of the diagnostic results using only microdevices leads to many false-negative results due to the limited detection sensitivities of these devices. Several POCT systems comprising microdevices integrated with portable optical readers have been developed to address this issue. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, effective POCT strategies for COVID-19 based on optical detection methods have been established. They can be categorized into fluorescence, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, and wearable sensing. We introduced next-generation pandemic sensing methods incorporating artificial intelligence that can be used to meet global health needs in the future. Additionally, we have discussed appropriate responses of various testing devices to emerging infectious diseases and prospective preventive measures for the post-pandemic era. We believe that this review will be helpful for preparing for future infectious disease outbreaks.

[Infant glycogen storage disease type Ⅳ: a clinicopathological and genetic characteristics analysis of five cases]

Objective: To investigate the clinical pathology and gene mutation characteristics of patients with glycogen storage disease type Ⅳ (GSD Ⅳ). Methods: The clinical data, liver histopathology and ultrastructural morphology, and gene sequencing results of 5 GSD Ⅳ cases diagnosed in the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine and the Children's Hospital of Fudan University from January 2015 to February 2022 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Results: Among the 5 cases, 3 were male and 2 were female, ranging in age from 4 months to 1 year and 9 months. The clinical manifestations included fever, hepatosplenomegaly, liver insufficiency, growth retardation and hypotonia. Four cases had liver biopsy showing ground-glass-like changes in hepatocytes with intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies and varying degrees of fibrosis. Liver electron microscopy in 2 cases showed that the level of glycogen increased to varying degrees, and the cytoplasm was filled with low electron density substances. Genetic testing revealed that 3 cases had compound heterozygous variants in GBE1 gene; 1 case had a single pathogenic variant in GBE1 gene; and 1 case was deceased with no genetic testing, but each parent was tested for a heterozygous variant in the GBE1 gene. A total of 9 GBE1 gene mutations were detected, 3 of which were reported mutations and 6 novel mutations. One case died of liver cirrhosis, and 1 case underwent autologous liver transplantation. After transplantation, the liver function basically returned to normal, and the growth and development improved; the other 3 cases were managed through diet control and symptomatic treatment. Conclusions: CSD Ⅳ is an extremely rare inherited metabolic disease caused by GBE1 gene mutation, often presenting with hepatic and neuromuscular disorders, with heterogeneous clinical manifestations. The diagnosis mainly depends on histopathology and a pedigree gene analysis.

[A preliminary study on the establishment of a subcutaneous allergen-specific immunotherapy center]

Allergic diseases can notably affect a patient's quality of life. World Health Organization (WHO) has identified these diseases as one of the key areas for research and prevention in the 21st century. Currently, allergen-specific immunotherapy is viewed as a potential treatment approach that could modify the natural progression of allergic diseases, thus being recognized as a crucial tactic in their prevention and treatment. Nonetheless, the broad implementation of allergen-specific immunotherapy in clinical settings continues to confront challenges. One significant issue is the absence of standardized centers for subcutaneous allergen-specific immunotherapy. This article presents several perspectives and recommendations for establishing a standardized subcutaneous allergen-specific immunotherapy center.

Histogram analysis of diffusion kurtosis imaging of deep brain nuclei in Parkinson's disease with different motor subtypes

AIM

To evaluate the diagnostic and differential efficacy of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) histogram analysis for different motor subtypes of Parkinson's disease (PD).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Seventy PD patients including 40 with postural instability and gait disorder (PIGD) and 30 with tremor-dominant (TD) and 36 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled prospectively and underwent MRI examinations. The regions of interest (ROI) in the deep brain nuclei were delineated and features were extracted on the map of mean kurtosis (MK), axial kurtosis (Ka), and radial kurtosis (Kr), respectively. The differences in histogram features between PD patients and HC and between patients with PIGD and TD were compared. The areas under the curve (AUCs) were calculated to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of all histogram features. The correlations between histogram features and clinical indicators were evaluated.

RESULTS

Some DKI histogram features were significantly different between PD patients and HC, and also different between patients with PIGD and TD (all p<0.05). MK of the substantia nigra pars reticulate (SNprkurtosis), Ka of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) 50 percentile (SNpcP50), and Kr of SNpc 90th percentile showed the highest AUC for distinguishing patients with PIGD from HC. MK-SNpc 10th percentile, Ka-SNpc 25th percentile, and Kr of the head of the caudate nucleus (CN) 90th percentile had the highest AUC for distinguishing patients with TD from HC. MK of the putamen 10th percentile combined with Ka of the bilateral red nucleus RNkurtosis yielded the highest diagnostic performance with an AUC of 0.762 for distinguishing patients with PIGD from TD. Certain DKI histogram features were correlated with Hoehn-Yahr (H&Y) stage, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, tremor score, and PIGD score (all p<0.05).

CONCLUSION

DKI histogram analysis was useful to diagnose and discriminate different motor subtypes of PD. Certain DKI histogram features correlated with clinical indicators.

Genome-wide association study identifies variants associated with semen volume in white-feathered broilers

Semen is a measure of the reproductive efficiency of roosters, which affects the economic benefits of white-feathered broilers. Over the years, research in this field has mainly focused on hens, while there have been fewer studies on the reproductive traits of roosters. To identify the genes related to the semen traits of roosters, we used a chicken 55 K SNP chip to genetically type the white-feathered population (220) and performed imputation with resequencing data from 97 roosters. In total, 1 048 576 SNPs were obtained and used for genome-wide association analysis of semen volume, from which 197 genome-wide significant markers were identified, all within the interval of 13.82-16.12 Mb on chromosome 7. By combining our results with the biological functions of genes in the interval, four candidate genes were identified that potentially relate to semen volume: FAPP1, OSBPL6, SESTD1 and SSFA2. Our findings may provide a basis for further research on the genetic mechanism and marker-assisted selection of semen volume in white-feathered broilers.

Absolute and relative iodine concentrations in the spot sign and haematoma for prediction of haematoma expansion in spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage

AIM

To explore the predictive value of absolute and relative iodine concentrations in the spot sign (SS) and haematoma on gemstone spectral imaging (GSI) for haematoma expansion (HE).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Patients with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) who underwent computed tomography (CT) angiography using GSI were divided into an SS-positive group and an SS-negative group. In the SS-positive group, absolute and relative iodine concentrations in the SS (aICIS and rICIS, respectively) were measured. In the SS-negative group, absolute and relative iodine concentrations in haematoma (aICIH and rICIH, respectively) were measured. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) was used to investigate the HE predictive performance of aICIS, rICIS, and their combination in the SS-positive group, as well as the HE predictive performance of aICIH, rICIH, and their combination in the SS-negative group. The risk variables for HE in the two groups were investigated separately using logistic regression.

RESULTS

A total of 123 spontaneous ICH patients were enrolled. In the SS-positive group, the AUC of aICIS, rICIS, and their combination for predicting HE were 0.853, 0.893, and 0.922, respectively. rICIS was demonstrated to be a standalone predictor of HE via logistic regression. In the SS-negative group, aICIH, rICIH, and their combination had AUC-ROC values of 0.552, 0.783, and 0.851, respectively, to predict HE. According to multivariate analysis, rICIH was a reliable predictor of HE.

CONCLUSION

Absolute and relative iodine concentrations in the SS and haematoma can predict HE.

[New technology and research progress in neurosurgery diagnosis and treatment]

Neurosurgery is a vital branch of medicine that deals with the surgical management of brain disorders. The increasing demand for clinical solutions drives technological innovation, and the rapid progress in science and technology enables new discoveries, knowledge, techniques, and instruments in neurosurgery, expanding the scope and accuracy of diagnosis and treatment, and enhancing therapeutic outcomes. The author team combines domestic and international literature and previous clinical and scientific research experience, focusing on practical clinical problems in several subspecialties, including neuroimaging, neuronavigation and surgical robot assistance, central nervous system tumors, surgical treatment of cerebrovascular disease, functional neurosurgery, neuroinjury and neural repair, and digital neurosurgery. The paper summarizes in detail the research hotspots and puts forward the research direction prospects, including the innovative application of imaging technology, the development of fine surgery, the innovation of neuro-oncology diagnosis and treatment, the surgical standardization of cerebrovascular disease, the progress of neuromodulation, the individualized neurological alternative treatment and the digitalization of multi-dimensional information in neurosurgery.