51
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Tresset G, Marculescu C, Salonen A, Ni M, Iliescu C. Fine control over the size of surfactant-polyelectrolyte nanoparticles by hydrodynamic flow focusing. Anal Chem 2013; 85:5850-6. [PMID: 23713852 DOI: 10.1021/ac4006155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of surfactant-polyelectrolyte nanoparticles was carried out in a microfluidic device with a fine control over the size and the polydispersity. An anionic polysaccharide (sodium carboxymethylcellulose, CMC) solution was focused using a cationic surfactant (dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide, DTAB) solution in a microfluidic channel at selected ratios of flow rates and reagent concentrations. The methodology ensured a controlled mixing kinetics and a uniform distribution of charges at the mixing interface. The resulting nanoparticles exhibited remarkably well-defined and repeatable size distributions, with hydrodynamic diameters tunable from 50 up to 300 nm and polydispersity index around 0.1 in most cases. Microfluidic-assisted self-assembly may be an efficient way to produce well-controlled polyelectrolyte-based nanoparticles suitable for colloidal science as well as for gene delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Tresset
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France.
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Bischel LL, Mader BR, Green JM, Huttenlocher A, Beebe DJ. Zebrafish Entrapment By Restriction Array (ZEBRA) device: a low-cost, agarose-free zebrafish mounting technique for automated imaging. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:1732-6. [PMID: 23503983 PMCID: PMC4446983 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50099c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The zebrafish has emerged as a useful model system for a variety of studies, including the investigation of inflammation and immunity. However, current zebrafish imaging techniques, such as agraose mounting, can be time-consuming and detrimental for long-term imaging. Alternatively, automated sorting and imaging systems can be costly and/or complicated to assemble. Here we describe the Zebrafish Entrapment by Restriction Array (ZEBRA) device, a microfluidic device that can be used to quickly and repeatably position zebrafish embryos in a predictable array using only a pipette. This technique is well suited for use with automated microscope stages leading to decreased imaging time and increased throughput compared to traditional methods. The addition of access ports above the embryo can be used to administer treatments, and potentially wounding or injections. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this device for a neutrophil migration screening application using larvae 3 days post fertilization (dpf) Tg(mpx:dendra2). Larvae were loaded into ZEBRA devices and treated with a neutrophil attractant (LTB4) or LTB4 with and without a PI3K inhibitor, LY294002. Treatment with LY294002 impaired neutrophil motility into the fin induced by LTB4 treatment. The findings report the development of ZEBRA a device that can be used to screen for small molecules that affect leukocyte motility and inflammation using live zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren L. Bischel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, USA. Tel: +1-608-262-2260
| | - Brianah R. Mader
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, USA. Tel: +1-608-262-2260
| | - Julie M. Green
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Anna Huttenlocher
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David J. Beebe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, USA. Tel: +1-608-262-2260
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53
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Sivagnanam V, Gijs MAM. Exploring Living Multicellular Organisms, Organs, and Tissues Using Microfluidic Systems. Chem Rev 2013; 113:3214-47. [DOI: 10.1021/cr200432q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin A. M. Gijs
- Laboratory
of Microsystems, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne,
Switzerland
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54
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Hwang H, Lu H. Microfluidic tools for developmental studies of small model organisms--nematodes, fruit flies, and zebrafish. Biotechnol J 2013; 8:192-205. [PMID: 23161817 PMCID: PMC3918482 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Studying the genetics of development with small model organisms such as the zebrafish (Danio Rerio), the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster), and the soil-dwelling nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans), provide unique opportunities for understanding related processes and diseases in humans. These model organisms also have potential for use in drug discovery and toxicity-screening applications. There have been sweeping developments in microfabrication and microfluidic technologies for manipulating and imaging small objects, including small model organisms, which allow high-throughput quantitative biological studies. Here, we review recent progress in microfluidic tools able to manipulate small organisms and project future directions and applications of these techniques and technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyundoo Hwang
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, GA, USA, Tel: +1-404-894-8473
| | - Hang Lu
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, GA, USA, Tel: +1-404-894-8473
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Kovarik ML, Ornoff DM, Melvin AT, Dobes NC, Wang Y, Dickinson AJ, Gach PC, Shah PK, Allbritton NL. Micro total analysis systems: fundamental advances and applications in the laboratory, clinic, and field. Anal Chem 2013; 85:451-72. [PMID: 23140554 PMCID: PMC3546124 DOI: 10.1021/ac3031543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Kovarik
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Douglas M. Ornoff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Adam T. Melvin
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Nicholas C. Dobes
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Yuli Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Alexandra J. Dickinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Philip C. Gach
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Pavak K. Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Nancy L. Allbritton
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
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56
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Huang SH, Huang KS, Yu CH, Gong HY. Metabolic profile analysis of a single developing zebrafish embryo via monitoring of oxygen consumption rates within a microfluidic device. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2013; 7:64107. [PMID: 24396541 PMCID: PMC3855040 DOI: 10.1063/1.4833256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A combination of a microfluidic device with a light modulation system was developed to detect the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of a single developing zebrafish embryo via phase-based phosphorescence lifetime detection. The microfluidic device combines two components: an array of glass microwells containing Pt(II) octaethylporphyrin as an oxygen-sensitive luminescent layer and a microfluidic module with pneumatically actuated glass lids above the microwells to controllably seal the microwells of interest. The total basal respiration (OCR, in pmol O2/min/embryo) of a single developing zebrafish embryo inside a sealed microwell has been successfully measured from the blastula stage (3 h post-fertilization, 3 hpf) through the hatching stage (48 hpf). The total basal respiration increased in a linear and reproducible fashion with embryonic age. Sequentially adding pharmacological inhibitors of bioenergetic pathways allows us to perform respiratory measurements of a single zebrafish embryo at key developmental stages and thus monitor changes in mitochondrial function in vivo that are coordinated with embryonic development. We have successfully measured the metabolic profiles of a single developing zebrafish embryo from 3 hpf to 48 hpf inside a microfluidic device. The total basal respiration is partitioned into the non-mitochondrial respiration, mitochondrial respiration, respiration due to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) turnover, and respiration due to proton leak. The changes in these respirations are correlated with zebrafish embryonic development stages. Our proposed platform provides the potential for studying bioenergetic metabolism in a developing organism and for a wide range of biomedical applications that relate mitochondrial physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hao Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202-24, Taiwan ; Center for Marine Mechatronic Systems (CMMS), Center of Excellence for the Oceans (CEO), National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202-24, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Sheng Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202-24, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Hung Yu
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202-24, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Yi Gong
- Center for Marine Mechatronic Systems (CMMS), Center of Excellence for the Oceans (CEO), National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202-24, Taiwan ; Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202-24, Taiwan
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