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Mutafopulos K, Spink P, Lofstrom CD, Lu PJ, Lu H, Sharpe JC, Franke T, Weitz DA. Traveling surface acoustic wave (TSAW) microfluidic fluorescence activated cell sorter (μFACS). LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:2435-2443. [PMID: 31192328 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00163h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We report a microfluidic fluorescence activated cell-sorting (μFACS) device that employs traveling surface acoustic waves (TSAW) to sort cells at rates comparable to conventional jet-in-air FACS machines, with high purity and viability. The device combines inertial flow focusing and sheath flow to align and evenly space cells, improving the sorting accuracy and screening rate. We sort with an interdigital transducer (IDT) whose tapered geometry allows precise positioning of the TSAW for optimal cell sorting. We sort three different cell lines at several kHz, at cell velocities exceeding one meter per second, while maintaining both sorting purity and cell viability at around 90% simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mutafopulos
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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Iliescu FS, Poenar DP, Yu F, Ni M, Chan KH, Cima I, Taylor HK, Cima I, Iliescu C. Recent advances in microfluidic methods in cancer liquid biopsy. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2019; 13:041503. [PMID: 31431816 PMCID: PMC6697033 DOI: 10.1063/1.5087690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Early cancer detection, its monitoring, and therapeutical prediction are highly valuable, though extremely challenging targets in oncology. Significant progress has been made recently, resulting in a group of devices and techniques that are now capable of successfully detecting, interpreting, and monitoring cancer biomarkers in body fluids. Precise information about malignancies can be obtained from liquid biopsies by isolating and analyzing circulating tumor cells (CTCs) or nucleic acids, tumor-derived vesicles or proteins, and metabolites. The current work provides a general overview of the latest on-chip technological developments for cancer liquid biopsy. Current challenges for their translation and their application in various clinical settings are discussed. Microfluidic solutions for each set of biomarkers are compared, and a global overview of the major trends and ongoing research challenges is given. A detailed analysis of the microfluidic isolation of CTCs with recent efforts that aimed at increasing purity and capture efficiency is provided as well. Although CTCs have been the focus of a vast microfluidic research effort as the key element for obtaining relevant information, important clinical insights can also be achieved from alternative biomarkers, such as classical protein biomarkers, exosomes, or circulating-free nucleic acids. Finally, while most work has been devoted to the analysis of blood-based biomarkers, we highlight the less explored potential of urine as an ideal source of molecular cancer biomarkers for point-of-care lab-on-chip devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florina S. Iliescu
- School of Applied Science, Republic Polytechnic, Singapore 738964, Singapore
| | - Daniel P. Poenar
- VALENS-Centre for Bio Devices and Signal Analysis, School of EEE, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Fang Yu
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, A*STAR, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Ming Ni
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Technological University, San Miguel de Urcuquí 100105, Ecuador
| | - Kiat Hwa Chan
- Division of Science, Yale-NUS College, Singapore 138527, Singapore
| | | | - Hayden K. Taylor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Igor Cima
- DKFZ-Division of Translational Oncology/Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg and University Hospital Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
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Gribko A, Künzel J, Wünsch D, Lu Q, Nagel SM, Knauer SK, Stauber RH, Ding GB. Is small smarter? Nanomaterial-based detection and elimination of circulating tumor cells: current knowledge and perspectives. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:4187-4209. [PMID: 31289440 PMCID: PMC6560927 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s198319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are disseminated cancer cells. The occurrence and circulation of CTCs seem key for metastasis, still the major cause of cancer-associated deaths. As such, CTCs are investigated as predictive biomarkers. However, due to their rarity and heterogeneous biology, CTCs’ practical use has not made it into the clinical routine. Clearly, methods for the effective isolation and reliable detection of CTCs are urgently needed. With the development of nanotechnology, various nanosystems for CTC isolation and enrichment and CTC-targeted cancer therapy have been designed. Here, we summarize the relationship between CTCs and tumor metastasis, and describe CTCs’ unique properties hampering their effective enrichment. We comment on nanotechnology-based systems for CTC isolation and recent achievements in microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip technologies. We discuss recent advances in CTC-targeted cancer therapy exploiting the unique properties of nanomaterials. We conclude by introducing developments in CTC-directed nanosystems and other advanced technologies currently in (pre)clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Gribko
- Nanobiomedicine Department/ENT, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany, ;
| | - Julian Künzel
- Nanobiomedicine Department/ENT, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany, ;
| | - Désirée Wünsch
- Nanobiomedicine Department/ENT, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany, ;
| | - Qiang Lu
- Nanobiomedicine Department/ENT, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany, ;
| | - Sophie Madeleine Nagel
- Nanobiomedicine Department/ENT, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany, ;
| | - Shirley K Knauer
- Department of Molecular Biology II, Center for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB)/Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45117, Germany
| | - Roland H Stauber
- Nanobiomedicine Department/ENT, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany, ;
| | - Guo-Bin Ding
- Nanobiomedicine Department/ENT, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany, ; .,Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China,
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54
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Poulet G, Massias J, Taly V. Liquid Biopsy: General Concepts. Acta Cytol 2019; 63:449-455. [PMID: 31091522 DOI: 10.1159/000499337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy provides the opportunity of detecting, analyzing and monitoring cancer in various body effluents such as blood or urine instead of a fragment of cancer tissue. It is composed of different biological matrices such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), cell free nucleic acids, exosomes or tumors "educated platelets." In addition to representing a non- or minimally invasive procedure, it should represent a better view of tumor heterogeneity and allows for real-time monitoring of cancer evolution. Recent technological and molecular advances, greatly facilitated by the use of microfluidics in many cases, have permitted large progresses both in our ability to purify and analyze liquid biopsy components. In particular, the great developments of droplet-based digital PCR and the various optimizations of next generation sequencing technologies are central to the several validations of CTC-free DNA as a strong cancer biomarker. However, complete adoption of liquid biopsy in clinics will require pursuing recent efforts in the standardization of procedures both on the pre-analytical and analytical aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffroy Poulet
- INSERM UMR-S1147, CNRS SNC5014, Paris Descartes University, Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le cancer, Paris, France
- Eurofin-Biomnis, Lyon, France
| | - Joséphine Massias
- INSERM UMR-S1147, CNRS SNC5014, Paris Descartes University, Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le cancer, Paris, France
| | - Valerie Taly
- INSERM UMR-S1147, CNRS SNC5014, Paris Descartes University, Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le cancer, Paris, France,
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Aghilinejad A, Aghaamoo M, Chen X. On the transport of particles/cells in high-throughput deterministic lateral displacement devices: Implications for circulating tumor cell separation. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2019; 13:034112. [PMID: 31186821 PMCID: PMC6534492 DOI: 10.1063/1.5092718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Deterministic lateral displacement (DLD), which takes advantage of the asymmetric bifurcation of laminar flow around the embedded microposts, has shown promising capabilities in separating cells and particles of different sizes. Growing interest in utilizing high-throughput DLD devices for practical applications, such as circulating tumor cell separation, necessitates employing higher flow rates in these devices, leading to operating in moderate to high Reynolds number (Re) regimes. Despite extensive research on DLD devices in the creeping regime, limited research has focused on the physics of flow, critical size of the device, and deformable cell behavior in DLD devices at moderate to high Re. In this study, the transport behavior of particles/cells is investigated in realistic high-throughput DLD devices with hundreds of microposts by utilizing multiphysics modeling. A practical formula is proposed for the prediction of the device critical size, which could serve as a design guideline for high-throughput DLD devices. Then, the complex hydrodynamic interactions between a deformable cell and DLD post arrays are investigated. A dimensionless index is utilized for comparing different post designs to quantify the cell-post interaction. It is shown that the separation performances in high-throughput devices are highly affected by Re as well as the micropost shapes. These findings can be utilized for the design and optimization of high-throughput DLD microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arian Aghilinejad
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, Washington 98686-9600, USA
| | - Mohammad Aghaamoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2715, USA
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, Washington 98686-9600, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel.: +1 360 546 9117. Fax: +1 360 546 9438
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56
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Lianidou E, Pantel K. Liquid biopsies. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2019; 58:219-232. [PMID: 30382599 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy is based on minimally invasive blood tests and has a high potential to significantly change the therapeutic strategy in cancer patients, providing an extremely powerful and reliable noninvasive clinical tool for the individual molecular profiling of patients in real time. Liquid biopsy approaches include the analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating miRNAs, and tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are shed from primary tumors and their metastatic sites into peripheral blood. The major advantage of liquid biopsy analysis is that it is minimally invasive, and can be serially repeated, thus allowing extracting information from the tumor in real time. Moreover, the identification of predictive biomarkers in peripheral blood that can monitor response to therapy in real time holds a very strong potential for novel approaches in the therapeutic management of cancer patients. In this review, we summarize recent knowledge on CTCs and ctDNA and discuss future trends in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evi Lianidou
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Cai F, Cen C, Cai L, Falar Luis MA, Biskup E. Application of Circulation Tumor Cells Detection in Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Tumors. Rejuvenation Res 2019; 22:498-502. [PMID: 30712469 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2018.2154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the clinical application of circulating tumor cell (CTCs) detection has become one of the research hotspots in the field of precision medicine. CTCs detection is noninvasive, easy to obtain, can be repeatedly collected, and highly repeatable with other advantages. It not only can be a real-time comprehensive monitoring of cancer treatment but also can have a large number of applications, including early diagnosis of tumor, timely evaluation of efficacy, condition monitoring, resistance factor analysis, prognosis judgment, individualized treatment of tumors, drug guidance, and so on. At present, many large-scale clinical studies at home and abroad run through all stages of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. For different treatment stages of breast cancer, the application value of CTCs detection is different. Compared with traditional detection methods, CTCs have advantages in dynamic monitoring of disease changes and efficacy evaluation in real-time. In the era of breast cancer classificational and individualized treatment, CTCs detection can provide patients with the most timely and optimized treatment plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengfeng Cai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Chunmei Cen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Manuel Antonio Falar Luis
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ewelina Biskup
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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58
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Ramirez AB, Bhat R, Sahay D, De Angelis C, Thangavel H, Hedayatpour S, Dobrolecki LE, Nardone A, Giuliano M, Nagi C, Rimawi M, Osborne CK, Lewis MT, Stilwell JL, Kaldjian EP, Schiff R, Trivedi MV. Circulating tumor cell investigation in breast cancer patient-derived xenograft models by automated immunofluorescence staining, image acquisition, and single cell retrieval and analysis. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:220. [PMID: 30871481 PMCID: PMC6419430 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5382-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer patient-derived xenograft (BC-PDX) models represent a continuous and reproducible source of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) for studying their role in tumor biology and metastasis. We have previously shown the utility of BC-PDX models in the study of CTCs by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on serial paraffin sections and manual microscopic identification of cytokeratin-positive cells, a method that is both low-throughput and labor-intensive. We therefore aimed to identify and characterize CTCs from small volume mouse blood samples and examined its practical workflow in a study of BC-PDX mice treated with chemotherapy using an automated imaging platform, the AccuCyte®-CyteFinder® system. METHODS CTC analysis was conducted using blood from non-tumor bearing SCID/Beige mice spiked with human breast cancer cells, BC-PDX-bearing mice, and BC-PDX mice treated with vehicle or chemotherapeutic agent(s). After red blood cell lysis, nucleated cells were mixed with transfer solution, processed onto microscope slides, and stained by immunofluorescence. The CyteFinder automated scanning microscope was used to identify CTCs, defined as nucleated cells that were human cytokeratin-positive, and mouse CD45-negative. Disaggregated primary BC-PDX tumors and lung metastatic nodules were processed using the same immunostaining protocol. Collective expression of breast cancer cell surface markers (EpCAM, EGFR, and HER2) using a cocktail of target-specific antibodies was assessed. CTCs and disaggregated tumor cells were individually retrieved from slides using the CytePicker® module for sequence analysis of a BC-PDX tumor-specific PIK3CA mutation. RESULTS The recovery rate of human cancer cells spiked into murine blood was 83 ± 12%. CTC detection was not significantly different from the IHC method. One-third of CTCs did not stain positive for cell surface markers. A PIK3CA T1035A mutation present in a BC-PDX tumor was confirmed in isolated single CTCs and cells from dissociated metastatic nodules after whole genome amplification and sequencing. CTC evaluation could be simply implemented into a preclinical PDX therapeutic study setting with substantial improvements in workflow over the IHC method. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of small volume blood samples from BC-PDX-bearing mice using the AccuCyte-CyteFinder system allows investigation of the role of CTCs in tumor biology and metastasis independent of surface marker expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raksha Bhat
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX USA
| | - Debashish Sahay
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX USA
| | - Carmine De Angelis
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Hariprasad Thangavel
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX USA
| | - Sina Hedayatpour
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX USA
| | - Lacey E. Dobrolecki
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Agostina Nardone
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Mario Giuliano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Chandandeep Nagi
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Mothaffar Rimawi
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - C. Kent Osborne
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Michael T. Lewis
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | | | | | - Rachel Schiff
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Meghana V. Trivedi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX USA
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
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Rink M, Schwarzenbach H, Vetterlein MW, Riethdorf S, Soave A. The current role of circulating biomarkers in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Transl Androl Urol 2019; 8:61-75. [PMID: 30976570 PMCID: PMC6414344 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2018.11.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is characterized by its high rate of disease recurrence and relevant disease progression rates. Up to today clinical models are insufficiently predicting outcomes for reliable patient counseling and treatment decision-making. This particularly is a serious problem in patients with high-risk NMIBC who are at high risk for failure of local treatment and thus candidates for early radical cystectomy or even systemic (neoadjuvant) chemotherapy. Next to its clinical variability, bladder cancer is genetically a highly heterogeneous disease. There is an essential need of biomarkers for improving clinical staging, real-time monitoring of disease with or without active treatment, as well as improved outcome prognostication. Liquid biopsies of circulating biomarkers in the blood and urine are promising non-invasive diagnostics that hold the potential facilitating these needs. In this review we report the latest data and evidence on cell-free circulating tumor desoxyribonucleic acid (ctDNA) and circulating tumor cells (CTC) in NMIBC. We summarize their current status in clinical diagnostics, discuss limitations and address future needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rink
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heidi Schwarzenbach
- Institute of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte W Vetterlein
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Riethdorf
- Institute of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Armin Soave
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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60
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Zinggeler M, Brandstetter T, Rühe J. Biophysical Insights on the Enrichment of Cancer Cells from Whole Blood by (Affinity) Filtration. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1246. [PMID: 30718672 PMCID: PMC6362249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37541-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play a key role during the metastatic process of human cancers and their reliable detection and characterization could enable new and effective ways of cancer diagnosis, monitoring and treatment. However, due to their ultralow concentration in patient blood, the CTCs must first be enriched before such analysis can be performed. Classical microfiltration is an important and widely used method for the mechanical enrichment of CTCs. This method exploits that CTCs are generally larger than the accompanying blood cells, however, does not differentiate the cells in other ways. In an affinity filtration, selectivity is added by functionalizing the membrane with specific antibodies against a CTC-characteristic surface protein such as the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM). A common shortcoming of both filtration approaches is that there is still a poor understanding of the enrichment process and the systems developed so far are frequently operated under non-optimized conditions. To address this, systematic filtration experiments are performed in this work using the EpCAM+ cell line MCF-7 as CTC-model and standard track-etched membranes modified with or without antibodies against EpCAM. The influences of the key filtration parameters time and applied pressure are studied and it is found that in all cases the extent of cell recovery is limited by a lysis process which occurs on the membrane surface. Counterintuitively, it is found that filtration at rather high pressures is advantageous to ensure high recovery rates. To describe the pressure-induced lysis process a biophysical model is developed. This model allows the determination of optimum filtration conditions to achieve both high cancer cell recovery and large blood sample throughput. It is demonstrated that this way practically 100% of spiked cancer cells can be recovered from milliliters of undiluted whole blood within seconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Zinggeler
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Physics of Interfaces, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Brandstetter
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Physics of Interfaces, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Rühe
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Physics of Interfaces, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110, Freiburg, Germany.
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61
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Zhou J, Kulasinghe A, Bogseth A, O’Byrne K, Punyadeera C, Papautsky I. Isolation of circulating tumor cells in non-small-cell-lung-cancer patients using a multi-flow microfluidic channel. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2019; 5:8. [PMID: 31057935 PMCID: PMC6387977 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-019-0045-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) carry a wealth of information on primary and metastatic tumors critical for precise cancer detection, monitoring, and treatment. Numerous microfluidic platforms have been developed in the past few years to capture these rare cells in patient bloodstream for deciphering the critical information needed. However, the practical need for a high-quality method of CTC isolation remains to be met. Herein, we demonstrate a novel multi-flow microfluidic device that is able to sensitively provide high purity (>87%) of separation outcome without labeling. Our device is constructed and configured based on the phenomenal effect of size-dependent inertial migration. The recovery rate of >93% has been achieved using spiked cancer cells at clinically relevant concentrations (10 cells per 5 mL and above). We have also successfully detected CTCs from 6 out of 8 non-small-cell-lung-cancer (NSCLC) patients, while none for 5 healthy control subjects. With these results, we envision our approach is a promising alternative for reliable CTC capture, and thus for facilitating the progress of extracting information from CTCs to personalize treatment strategies for solid tumor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607 USA
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Arutha Kulasinghe
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Amanda Bogseth
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607 USA
| | - Ken O’Byrne
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD Australia
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD Australia
| | - Chamindie Punyadeera
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Ian Papautsky
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607 USA
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
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Pantel K, Hille C, Scher HI. Circulating Tumor Cells in Prostate Cancer: From Discovery to Clinical Utility. Clin Chem 2019; 65:87-99. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2018.287102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Prostate cancer represents the most common non–skin cancer type in men. Unmet needs include understanding prognosis to determine when intervention is needed and what type, prediction to guide the choice of a systemic therapy, and response indicators to determine whether a treatment is working. Over the past decade, the “liquid biopsy,” characterized by the analysis of tumor cells and tumor cell products such as cell-free nucleic acids (DNA, microRNA) or extracellular vesicles circulating in the blood of cancer patients, has received considerable attention.
CONTENT
Among those biomarkers, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been most intensively analyzed in prostate cancer. Here we discuss recent studies on the enumeration and characterization of CTCs in peripheral blood and how this information can be used to develop biomarkers for each of these clinical contexts. We focus on clinical applications in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, in whom CTCs are more often detected and at higher numbers, and clinical validation for different contexts of use is most mature.
SUMMARY
The overall goal of CTC-based liquid biopsy testing is to better inform medical decision-making so that patient outcomes are improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Pantel
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hille
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Howard I Scher
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell College of Medicine, New York, NY
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Kulasinghe A, Kapeleris J, Kimberley R, Mattarollo SR, Thompson EW, Thiery JP, Kenny L, O'Byrne K, Punyadeera C. The prognostic significance of circulating tumor cells in head and neck and non-small-cell lung cancer. Cancer Med 2018; 7:5910-5919. [PMID: 30565869 PMCID: PMC6308060 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor biopsy is the gold standard for the assessment of clinical biomarkers for treatment. However, tumors change dynamically in response to therapy, and there remains a need for a more representative biomarker that can be assayed over the course of treatment. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may provide clinically important and comprehensive tumoral information that is predictive of treatment response and outcome. Blood samples were processed for CTCs from 56 patients using the ClearCell FX system. Captured cells were phenotyped for CTC clusters and markers for immunotherapy (PD‐L1) CTC chromosomal architecture (ALK, EGFR). CTCs were isolated in 11/23 (47.8%) of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients and 17/33 (51.5%) of non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. CTCs were determined to be PD‐L1‐positive in 6/11 (54.4%) HNC and 11/17 (64.7%) NSCLC cases, respectively. 3D chromosomal DNA FISH for ALK and EGFR molecular targets showed better resolution than in 2D when imaging CTCs. HNC CTC‐positive patients had shorter progression‐free survival (PFS) (hazard ratio[HR]: 4.946; 95% confidence internal[CI]:1.571‐15.57; P = 0.0063), and PD‐L1‐positive CTCs were found to be significantly associated with worse outcome ([HR]:5.159; 95% [CI]:1.011‐26.33; P = 0.0485). In the advanced stage NSCLC patient cohort, PFS was not found to be associated with CTCs prior to therapy ([HR]:2.246; 95% [CI]:0.9565‐5.273; P = 0.0632), nor the presence of PD‐L1 expression ([HR]:1.646; 95% [CI]:0.5128‐5.283; P = 0.4023). This study demonstrated that CTCs are predictive of poorer outcomes in HNC and provides distinct and separate utility for CTCs in HNC and NSCLC, which may be more representative of the disease burden and overall survival than the parameters used to measure them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arutha Kulasinghe
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joanna Kapeleris
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rebecca Kimberley
- Cancer Care Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen R Mattarollo
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Erik W Thompson
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Liz Kenny
- School of Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Central Integrated Regional Cancer Services, Queensland Health, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ken O'Byrne
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chamindie Punyadeera
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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64
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Rachner TD, Kasimir-Bauer S, Göbel A, Erdmann K, Hoffmann O, Browne A, Wimberger P, Rauner M, Hofbauer LC, Kimmig R, Bittner AK. Prognostic Value of RANKL/OPG Serum Levels and Disseminated Tumor Cells in Nonmetastatic Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:1369-1378. [PMID: 30425091 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-2482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We assessed serum concentrations of the receptor activator of NFκB ligand (RANKL) and its decoy receptor, osteoprotegerin (OPG), two proteins implicated in the development and progression of breast cancer, in 509 patients with primary, nonmetastatic breast cancer. Then the results were evaluated with regards to the occurrence of bone metastases, the presence of disseminated tumor cells (DTC) in the bone marrow, survival, and risk of developing metastatic disease. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Before surgery, two bone marrow aspirates were analyzed for DTC using density centrifugation followed by immunocytochemistry (pan-cytokeratin antibody A45-B/B3). RANKL and OPG levels in the serum were measured by ELISA. RESULTS RANKL levels were significantly lower in women >60 years (P < 0.0001) and RANKL/OPG ratios higher in lymph node-positive patients (P < 0.05). High OPG serum levels were associated with a higher risk of death from breast cancer [HR 1.94; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.23-3.07; P = 0.005] and OPG was an independent prognostic marker for breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS; multivariate analyses, P = 0.035). RANKL levels were 33% higher (P < 0.0001) in DTCpos patients (41%), whereas high levels were associated with a significantly better BCSS in DTCneg patients as compared with low levels (HR 0.524; 95% CI 0.30-0.95; P = 0.04). RANKL serum levels were significantly increased in patients who developed bone metastases (P = 0.01) and patients within the highest quartile of RANKL had a significantly increased risk of developing bone metastases compared with those in the lowest (HR 4.62; 95% CI 1.49-14.34; P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS These findings warrant further investigation as they provide a rationale for novel diagnostic or therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman D Rachner
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany. .,Center for Healthy Ageing, Department of Medicine III, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Kasimir-Bauer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andy Göbel
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Healthy Ageing, Department of Medicine III, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kati Erdmann
- Department of Urology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver Hoffmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andrew Browne
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Healthy Ageing, Department of Medicine III, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pauline Wimberger
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Healthy Ageing, Department of Medicine III, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Healthy Ageing, Department of Medicine III, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Kimmig
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Bittner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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65
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Breuninger S, Stangl S, Werner C, Sievert W, Lobinger D, Foulds GA, Wagner S, Pickhard A, Piontek G, Kokowski K, Pockley AG, Multhoff G. Membrane Hsp70-A Novel Target for the Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells After Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. Front Oncol 2018; 8:497. [PMID: 30443493 PMCID: PMC6223102 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the peripheral blood is a pre-requisite for progression, invasion, and metastatic spread of cancer. Consequently, the enumeration and molecular characterization of CTCs from the peripheral blood of patients with solid tumors before, during and after treatment serves as a valuable tool for categorizing disease, evaluating prognosis and for predicting and monitoring therapeutic responsiveness. Many of the techniques for isolating CTCs are based on the expression of epithelial cell surface adhesion molecule (EpCAM, CD326) on tumor cells. However, the transition of adherent epithelial cells to migratory mesenchymal cells (epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, EMT)-an essential element of the metastatic process-is frequently associated with a loss of expression of epithelial cell markers, including EpCAM. A highly relevant proportion of mesenchymal CTCs cannot therefore be isolated using techniques that are based on the "capture" of cells expressing EpCAM. Herein, we provide evidence that a monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed against a membrane-bound form of Hsp70 (mHsp70)-cmHsp70.1-can be used for the isolation of viable CTCs from peripheral blood of tumor patients of different entities in a more quantitative manner. In contrast to EpCAM, the expression of mHsp70 remains stably upregulated on migratory, mesenchymal CTCs, metastases and cells that have been triggered to undergo EMT. Therefore, we propose that approaches for isolating CTCs based on the capture of cells that express mHsp70 using the cmHsp70.1 mAb are superior to those based on EpCAM expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Breuninger
- Center for Translational Cancer Research TU München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Stangl
- Center for Translational Cancer Research TU München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Caroline Werner
- Center for Translational Cancer Research TU München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sievert
- Center for Translational Cancer Research TU München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Lobinger
- Center for Translational Cancer Research TU München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Gemma A Foulds
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, College of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Wagner
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, College of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anja Pickhard
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Guido Piontek
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Konrad Kokowski
- Department of Pneumology and Pneumologic Oncology, Klinikum Bogenhausen, Munich, Germany
| | - Alan G Pockley
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, College of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Center for Translational Cancer Research TU München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Munich, Germany
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66
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Reza KK, Dey S, Wuethrich A, Sina AAI, Korbie D, Wang Y, Trau M. Parallel profiling of cancer cells and proteins using a graphene oxide functionalized ac-EHD SERS immunoassay. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:18482-18491. [PMID: 30168562 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02886a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Circulating biomarkers have emerged as promising non-invasive, real-time surrogates for cancer diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of the therapeutic response. Current bio-sensing techniques mostly involve detection of either circulating cells or proteins which are inadequate in unfolding complex pathologic transformations. Herein, we report parallel detection of cellular and molecular markers (protein) for cancer using a multiplex platform featuring (i) graphene oxide (GO) functionalization that increases the active surface area and more importantly reduces the functionalization steps for rapid detection, (ii) alternating-current electrohydrodynamic (ac-EHD) fluid flow that provides delicate micro-mixing to enhance target-sensor interactions thereby minimizing non-specific binding and (iii) surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for multiplex detection. We find that our platform possesses high sensitivity for detecting both proteins and cells. More importantly, this platform not only detects the cancer cells but also can simultaneously monitor the heterogeneous expression of cell surface proteins which could be clinically useful to determine effective patient therapy. We demonstrate the specific and sensitive detection of breast cancer cells from a mixture of non-target cells and report the heterogeneous expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) proteins on the individual cancer cell surface. Concurrently, we detect as low as 100 fg mL-1 HER2 and Mucin 16 proteins spiked in blood serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kamil Reza
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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67
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Morgan TM, Wang X, Qian X, Switchenko JM, Nie S, Patel KR, Cassidy RJ, Shin DM, Beitler JJ. Measurement of circulating tumor cells in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and patient outcomes. Clin Transl Oncol 2018; 21:342-347. [PMID: 30084036 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-018-1930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We report the outcomes of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) whose circulating tumor cells (CTCs) were quantified using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanotechnology. METHODS SERS tagged with EGF was used to directly measure targeted CTCs. Patient charts were retrospectively reviewed. An optimal cut point for CTCs in 7.5 ml of peripheral blood predictive of for distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) was identified by maximizing the log-rank statistic. An ROC analysis was also performed. RESULTS Of 82 patients, 13 experienced metastatic progression. The optimal cut point for DMFS was 675 CTCs (p = 0.047). For those with distant recurrence (n = 13) versus those without distant recurrence (n = 69), the CTC cut point which results in the largest combined sensitivity and specificity values is also 675 (sensitivity = 69%, specificity = 68%). CONCLUSION Liquid biopsy techniques in HNSCC show promise as a means of identifying patients at greater risk of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Morgan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. .,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - X Wang
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - X Qian
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J M Switchenko
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - S Nie
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - K R Patel
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - R J Cassidy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - D M Shin
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J J Beitler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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68
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Isolation of cells from whole blood using shear-induced diffusion. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9411. [PMID: 29925931 PMCID: PMC6010421 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27779-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Extraction of cells of interest directly from whole blood is in high demand, yet extraordinary challenging due to the complex hemodynamics and hemorheology of the sample. Herein, we describe a new microfluidic platform that exploits the intrinsic complex properties of blood for continuous size-selective focusing and separation of cells directly from unprocessed whole blood. The novel system only requires routinely accessible saline solution to form a sandwiched fluid configuration and to initiate a strong effect of shear-induced diffusion of cells, which is coupled with fluid inertia for effective separation. Separations of beads and cells from whole blood have been successfully demonstrated with high efficiency (89.8%) at throughput of 6.75 mL/hr (106–107 cells/s) of whole blood. Rapid isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from peripheral blood sample of hepatocarcinoma patients is also shown as a proof of principle.
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69
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Tadimety A, Closson A, Li C, Yi S, Shen T, Zhang JXJ. Advances in liquid biopsy on-chip for cancer management: Technologies, biomarkers, and clinical analysis. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2018; 55:140-162. [PMID: 29388456 PMCID: PMC6101655 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2018.1425976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy, as a minimally invasive method of gleaning insight into the dynamics of diseases through a patient fluid sample, has been growing in popularity for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring. While many technologies have been developed and validated in research laboratories, there has also been a push to expand these technologies into other clinical settings and as point of care devices. In this article, we discuss and evaluate microchip-based technologies for circulating tumor cell (CTC), exosome, and circulating tumor nucleic acid (ctNA) capture, detection, and analysis. Such integrated systems streamline otherwise multiple-step, manual operations to get a sample-to-answer quantitation. In addition, analysis of disease biomarkers is suited to point of care settings because of ease of use, low consumption of sample and reagents, and high throughput. We also cover the basics of biomarkers and their detection in biological fluid samples suitable for liquid biopsy on-chip. We focus on emerging technologies that process a small patient sample with high spatial-temporal resolution and derive clinically meaningful results through on-chip biomarker sensing and downstream molecular analysis in a simple workflow. This critical review is meant as a resource for those interested in developing technologies for capture, detection, and analysis platforms for liquid biopsy in a variety of settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amogha Tadimety
- a Thayer School of Engineering , Dartmouth College , Hanover , NH , USA
| | - Andrew Closson
- a Thayer School of Engineering , Dartmouth College , Hanover , NH , USA
| | - Cathy Li
- a Thayer School of Engineering , Dartmouth College , Hanover , NH , USA
| | - Song Yi
- b Nanolite Systems , Austin , TX , USA
| | - Ting Shen
- b Nanolite Systems , Austin , TX , USA
| | - John X J Zhang
- a Thayer School of Engineering , Dartmouth College , Hanover , NH , USA
- c Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center , Lebanon , NH , USA
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70
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Chang ZM, Wang Z, Shao D, Yue J, Xing H, Li L, Ge M, Li M, Yan H, Hu H, Xu Q, Dong WF. Shape Engineering Boosts Magnetic Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle-Based Isolation and Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:10656-10663. [PMID: 29468874 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b19325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (M-MSNs) are attractive candidates for the immunomagnetic isolation and detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Understanding of the interactions between the effects of the shape of M-MSNs and CTCs is crucial to maximize the binding capacity and capture efficiency as well as to facilitate the sensitivity and efficiency of detection. In this work, fluorescent M-MSNs were rationally designed with sphere and rod morphologies while retaining their robust fluorescence and uniform surface functionality. After conjugation with the antibody of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), both of the differently shaped M-MSNs-EpCAM obtained achieved efficient enrichment of CTCs and fluorescent-based detection. Importantly, rodlike M-MSNs exhibited faster immunomagnetic isolation as well as better performance in the isolation and detection of CTCs in spiked cells and real clinical blood samples than those of their spherelike counterparts. Our results showed that shape engineering contributes positively toward immunomagnetic isolation, which might open new avenues to the rational design of magnetic-fluorescent nanoprobes for the sensitive and efficient isolation and detection of CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Min Chang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215163 , Jiangsu , China
| | - Zheng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215163 , Jiangsu , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Dan Shao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215163 , Jiangsu , China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Juan Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215163 , Jiangsu , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Hao Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215163 , Jiangsu , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Li Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215163 , Jiangsu , China
| | - Mingfeng Ge
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215163 , Jiangsu , China
| | - Mingqiang Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Huize Yan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Hanze Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Qiaobing Xu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts , 710 North Pleasant Street , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Wen-Fei Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215163 , Jiangsu , China
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High-purity capture of CTCs based on micro-beads enhanced isolation by size of epithelial tumor cells (ISET) method. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 102:157-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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72
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Size-based separation methods of circulating tumor cells. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 125:3-20. [PMID: 29326054 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) originate from the primary tumor mass and enter into the peripheral bloodstream. Compared to other "liquid biopsy" portfolios such as exosome, circulating tumor DNA/RNA (ctDNA/RNA), CTCs have incomparable advantages in analyses of transcriptomics, proteomics, and signal colocalization. Hence, CTCs hold the key to understanding the biology of metastasis and play a vital role in cancer diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and prognosis. Size-based enrichment features are prominent in CTC isolation. It is a label-free, simple and fast method. Enriched CTCs remain unmodified and viable for a wide range of subsequent analyses. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the differences of size and deformability between CTCs and blood cells, which would facilitate the development of technologies of size-based CTC isolation. Then we review representative size-/deformability-based technologies available for CTC isolation and highlight the recent achievements in molecular analysis of isolated CTCs. To wrap up, we discuss the substantial challenges facing the field, and elaborate on prospects.
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73
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Schie IW, Rüger J, Mondol AS, Ramoji A, Neugebauer U, Krafft C, Popp J. High-Throughput Screening Raman Spectroscopy Platform for Label-Free Cellomics. Anal Chem 2018; 90:2023-2030. [PMID: 29286634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We present a high-throughput screening Raman spectroscopy (HTS-RS) platform for a rapid and label-free macromolecular fingerprinting of tens of thousands eukaryotic cells. The newly proposed label-free HTS-RS platform combines automated imaging microscopy with Raman spectroscopy to enable a rapid label-free screening of cells and can be applied to a large number of biomedical and clinical applications. The potential of the new approach is illustrated by two applications. (1) HTS-RS-based differential white blood cell count. A classification model was trained using Raman spectra of 52 218 lymphocytes, 48 220 neutrophils, and 7 294 monocytes from four volunteers. The model was applied to determine a WBC differential for two volunteers and three patients, producing comparable results between HTS-RS and machine counting. (2) HTS-RS-based identification of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in 1:1, 1:9, and 1:99 mixtures of Panc1 cells and leukocytes yielded ratios of 55:45, 10:90, and 3:97, respectively. Because the newly developed HTS-RS platform can be transferred to many existing Raman devices in all laboratories, the proposed implementation will lead to a significant expansion of Raman spectroscopy as a standard tool in biomedical cell research and clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwan W Schie
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Germany 07745
| | - Jan Rüger
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Germany 07745
| | | | - Anuradha Ramoji
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Germany 07745.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital , Jena, Germany 07743
| | - Ute Neugebauer
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Germany 07745.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital , Jena, Germany 07743.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University , Jena, Germany 07743
| | | | - Jürgen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Germany 07745.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital , Jena, Germany 07743.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University , Jena, Germany 07743
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Kuai JH, Wang Q, Zhang AJ, Zhang JY, Chen ZF, Wu KK, Hu XZ. Epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted immune magnetic liposomes capture circulating colorectal tumor cells efficiently. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:351-359. [PMID: 29391757 PMCID: PMC5776396 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i3.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To compare the capacity of newly developed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted immune magnetic liposomes (EILs) vs epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) immunomagnetic beads to capture colorectal circulating tumor cells (CTCs).
METHODS EILs were prepared using a two-step method, and the magnetic and surface characteristics were confirmed. The efficiency of capturing colorectal CTCs as well as the specificity were compared between EILs and EpCAM magnetic beads.
RESULTS The obtained EILs had a lipid nanoparticle structure similar to cell membrane. Improved binding with cancer cells was seen in EILs compared with the method of coupling nano/microspheres with antibody. The binding increased as the contact time extended. Compared with EpCAM immunomagnetic beads, EILs captured more CTCs in peripheral blood from colorectal cancer patients. The captured cells showed consistency with clinical diagnosis and pathology. Mutation analysis showed same results between captured CTCs and cancer tissues.
CONCLUSION EGFR antibody-coated magnetic liposomes show high efficiency and specificity in capturing colorectal CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hua Kuai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qingdao 266035, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qingdao 266035, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ai-Jun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qingdao 266035, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jing-Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qingdao 266035, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zheng-Feng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qingdao 266035, Shandong Province, China
| | - Kang-Kang Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qingdao 266035, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Zhen Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qingdao 266035, Shandong Province, China
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75
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Chen L, Peng M, Li N, Song Q, Yao Y, Xu B, Liu H, Ruan P. Combined use of EpCAM and FRα enables the high-efficiency capture of circulating tumor cells in non-small cell lung cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1188. [PMID: 29352248 PMCID: PMC5775318 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19391-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) provide a new approach for auxiliary diagnosis, therapeutic effect evaluation, and prognosis prediction for cancer patients. The epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)-based separation method (CellSearch) showed good clinical use in multiple types of cancer. Nevertheless, some non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumor cells have a lower expression of EpCAM and are less frequently detected by CellSearch. Here, we present a highly sensitive immunomagnetic separation method to capture CTCs based on two cell surface markers for NSCLC, EpCAM and Folate receptor alpha (FRα). Our method has been demonstrated to be more efficient in capturing NSCLC cells (P < 0.01) by enriching three types of CTCs: EpCAM+/FRα-/low, EpCAM-/low/FRα+, and EPCAM+/FRα+. In 41 NSCLC patients, a significantly higher CTC capture rate (48.78% vs. 73.17%) was obtained, and by using a cutoff value of 0 CTC per 2 ml of blood, the sensitivities were 53.66% and 75.61% and the specificities were 100% and 90% for anti-EpCAM-MNs or a combination of anti-EpCAM-MNs and anti-FRα-MNs, respectively. Compared with the tumor-specific LT-PCR based on FRα, our method can isolate intact FRα+ CTCs, and it is advantageous for additional CTC-related downstream analysis. Our results provide a new method to increase the CTC capture efficiency of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luojun Chen
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Min Peng
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Qibin Song
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Yi Yao
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Huali Liu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Peng Ruan
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
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76
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Porras TB, Kaur P, Ring A, Schechter N, Lang JE. Challenges in using liquid biopsies for gene expression profiling. Oncotarget 2018; 9:7036-7053. [PMID: 29467948 PMCID: PMC5805534 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have potential utility as a surrogate biomarker of tumor biology via a liquid biopsy. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the nCounter NanoString assay could be used for accurate gene expression profiling of CTCs using the PAM50 research-use-only CodeSet. Analysis was performed on CTCs isolated by the ANGLE Parsortix system from healthy blood spiked with the breast cancer cell lines Hs578T, SkBr3, MDA-MB-231 or MCF7. Using cell lines as gold standard positive controls and Parsortix processed blood without spiking (unspiked) as negative controls, we found an average of 12 significantly differentially expressed genes among spiked samples versus unspiked controls. We validated our findings with the NanoStringDiff differential expression statistical method. The NanoString recommended targeted pre-amplification introduced false positive results due to pre-amplification bias, and the amplification of non-cancer genes from normal leukocytes confounded gene expression profiling of CTCs. Pre-amplification bias is a concern for other similar assays that may be used as discovery tools or target validation of transcripts of interest in gene expression profiling of CTCs. We recommend the use of an unspiked negative control when evaluating CTC technologies regarding gene expression profiling. Given that the molecular profiling of CTCs as a liquid biopsy may have clinical ramifications for potential treatment selection in future clinical trials, our study emphasizes cautious consideration of pre-analytical variables such as amplification bias in the context of liquid biopsy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania B Porras
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Pushpinder Kaur
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alexander Ring
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Naomi Schechter
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Keck Medical Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Julie E Lang
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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77
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Barteneva NS, Vorobjev IA. Heterogeneity of Metazoan Cells and Beyond: To Integrative Analysis of Cellular Populations at Single-Cell Level. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1745:3-23. [PMID: 29476460 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7680-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we review some of the recent advances in cellular heterogeneity and single-cell analysis methods. In modern research of cellular heterogeneity, there are four major approaches: analysis of pooled samples, single-cell analysis, high-throughput single-cell analysis, and lately integrated analysis of cellular population at a single-cell level. Recently developed high-throughput single-cell genetic analysis methods such as RNA-Seq require purification step and destruction of an analyzed cell often are providing a snapshot of the investigated cell without spatiotemporal context. Correlative analysis of multiparameter morphological, functional, and molecular information is important for differentiation of more uniform groups in the spectrum of different cell types. Simplified distributions (histograms and 2D plots) can underrepresent biologically significant subpopulations. Future directions may include the development of nondestructive methods for dissecting molecular events in intact cells, simultaneous correlative cellular analysis of phenotypic and molecular features by hybrid technologies such as imaging flow cytometry, and further progress in supervised and non-supervised statistical analysis algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha S Barteneva
- PCMM-Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | - Ivan A Vorobjev
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
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78
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Zainfeld D, Goldkorn A. Liquid Biopsy in Prostate Cancer: Circulating Tumor Cells and Beyond. Cancer Treat Res 2018; 175:87-104. [PMID: 30168118 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-93339-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a common malignancy impacting countless men without curative options in the advanced state. Numerous therapies have been introduced in recent years improving survival and symptom control, yet optimal methods for predicting or monitoring response have not been developed. In the era of precision medicine, characterization of individual cancers is necessary to inform treatment decisions. Liquid biopsies, through evaluation of various blood-based analytes, provide a method of patient evaluation with potential applications in virtually all disease states. In this review, we will describe current approaches with a particular focus on demonstrated clinical utility in the evaluation and management of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zainfeld
- USC Keck/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amir Goldkorn
- USC Keck/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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79
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Huang Q, Wang Y, Chen X, Wang Y, Li Z, Du S, Wang L, Chen S. Nanotechnology-Based Strategies for Early Cancer Diagnosis Using Circulating Tumor Cells as a Liquid Biopsy. Nanotheranostics 2018; 2:21-41. [PMID: 29291161 PMCID: PMC5743836 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.22091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cancer cells that shed from a primary tumor and circulate in the bloodstream. As a form of “tumor liquid biopsy”, CTCs provide important information for the mechanistic investigation of cancer metastasis and the measurement of tumor genotype evolution during treatment and disease progression. However, the extremely low abundance of CTCs in the peripheral blood and the heterogeneity of CTCs make their isolation and characterization major technological challenges. Recently, nanotechnologies have been developed for sensitive CTC detection; such technologies will enable better cell and molecular characterization and open up a wide range of clinical applications, including early disease detection and evaluation of treatment response and disease progression. In this review, we summarize the nanotechnology-based strategies for CTC isolation, including representative nanomaterials (such as magnetic nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, silicon nanopillars, nanowires, nanopillars, carbon nanotubes, dendrimers, quantum dots, and graphene oxide) and microfluidic chip technologies that incorporate nanoroughened surfaces and discuss their key challenges and perspectives in CTC downstream analyses, such as protein expression and genetic mutations that may reflect tumor aggressiveness and patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Brain Center, Zhongnan Hospital, and Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Brain Center, Zhongnan Hospital, and Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xingxiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Brain Center, Zhongnan Hospital, and Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yimeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Brain Center, Zhongnan Hospital, and Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Brain Center, Zhongnan Hospital, and Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shiming Du
- Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Lianrong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Brain Center, Zhongnan Hospital, and Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Brain Center, Zhongnan Hospital, and Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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80
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Liu Y, Xu H, Dai W, Li H, Wang W. 2.5-Dimensional Parylene C micropore array with a large area and a high porosity for high-throughput particle and cell separation. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2018; 4:13. [PMID: 0 PMCID: PMC6161505 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-018-0011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Large-area micropore arrays with a high porosity are in high demand because of their promising potential in liquid biopsy with a large volume of clinical sample. However, a micropore array with a large area and a high porosity faces a serious mechanical strength challenge. The filtration membrane may undergo large deformation at a high filtration throughput, which will decrease its size separation accuracy. In this work, a keyhole-free Parylene molding process has been developed to prepare a large (>20 mm × 20 mm) filtration membrane containing a 2.5-dimensional (2.5D) micropore array with an ultra-high porosity (up to 91.37% with designed pore diameter/space of 100 μm/4 μm). The notation 2.5D indicates that the large area and the relatively small thickness (approximately 10 μm) of the fabricated membranes represent 2D properties, while the large thickness-to-width ratio (10 μm/ < 4 μm) of the spaces between the adjacent pores corresponds to a local 3D feature. The large area and high porosity of the micropore array achieved filtration with a throughput up to 180 mL/min (PBS solution) simply driven by gravity. Meanwhile, the high mechanical strength, benefiting from the 2.5D structure of the micropore array, ensured a negligible pore size variation during the high-throughput filtration, thereby enabling high size resolution separation, which was proven by single-layer and multi-layer filtrations for particle separation. Furthermore, as a preliminary demonstration, the prepared 2.5-dimensional Parylene C micropore array was implemented as an efficient filter for rare cancer cell separation from a large volume, approximately 10 cells in 10 mL PBS and undiluted urine, with high recovery rates of 87 ± 13% and 56 ± 13%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoping Liu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Han Xu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Wangzhi Dai
- Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Haichao Li
- Department of Respirology, No. 1 Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, 100034 China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Beijing, 100871 China
- Innovation Center for Micro-Nano-electronics and Integrated Systems, Beijing, 100871 China
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81
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Abstract
In most solid tumors, it is distant metastases rather than the primary tumor which limit the prognosis. Distant metastases are caused by circulating tumor cells (CTCs) which actively invade the blood stream, attach to the endothelium in the target organ, invade the surrounding parenchyma, and form new tumors. Among many other capabilities such as migration or immune escape, CTCs require tumor-forming capacities and can therefore be considered stem cell-like cells. This chapter describes the enrichment and isolation of live CTCs from clinical blood samples for molecular characterization and other downstream applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián A García
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Weitz
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schölch
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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82
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A portable optical reader and wall projector towards enumeration of bio-conjugated beads or cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189923. [PMID: 29267367 PMCID: PMC5739450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Measurement of the height of a packed column of cells or beads, which can be direclty related to the number of cells or beads present in a chamber, is an important step in a number of diagnostic assays. For example, haematocrit measurements may rapidly identify anemia or polycthemia. Recently, user-friendly and cost-efficient Lab-on-a-Chip devices have been developed towards isolating and counting cell sub-populations for diagnostic purposes. In this work, we present a low-cost optical module for estimating the filling level of packed magnetic beads within a Lab-on-a-Chip device. The module is compatible with a previously introduced, disposable microfluidic chip for rapid determination of CD4+ cell counts. The device is a simple optical microscope module is manufactured by 3D printing. An objective lens directly interrogates the height of packed beads which are efficiently isolated on the finger-actuated chip. Optionally, an inexpensive, battery-powered Light Emitting Diode may project a shadow of the microfluidic chip at approximately 50-fold magnification onto a nearby surface. The reader is calibrated with the filling levels of known concentrations of paramagnetic beads within the finger actuated chip. Results in direct and projector mode are compared to measurements from a conventional, inverted white-light microscope. All three read-out methods indicate a maximum variation of 6.5% between methods.
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83
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Bao H, Bai T, Takata K, Yokobori T, Ohnaga T, Hisada T, Maeno T, Bao P, Yoshida T, Kumakura Y, Honjo H, Sakai M, Sohda M, Fukuchi M, Altan B, Handa T, Ide M, Miyazaki T, Ogata K, Oyama T, Shimizu K, Mogi A, Asao T, Shirabe K, Kuwano H, Kaira K. High expression of carcinoembryonic antigen and telomerase reverse transcriptase in circulating tumor cells is associated with poor clinical response to the immune checkpoint inhibitor nivolumab. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:3061-3067. [PMID: 29435038 PMCID: PMC5778830 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to enrich circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood samples using a new size-sorting CTC chip. The present study also set out to identify a blood sensitivity marker for the immune checkpoint inhibitor nivolumab in patients with advanced, pre-treatment lung cancer. The CTC sorting efficacy of the chip was investigated and the large cell fraction of blood samples from 15 patients with pre-treatment lung cancer who were later administered nivolumab were purified. The expression levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT), cytokeratin19 (CK19), and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) were investigated to clarify the association between these CTC markers and the clinical response to nivolumab. The CTC chip effectively enriched cells from lung cancer cell line PC-9. The large cell fraction had a high expression of CEA and hTERT, with the former being significantly associated with the clinical response to nivolumab. The expression of CEA and hTERT in CTCs derived from the blood of a patient with lung cancer were also validated. The evaluation of CEA and possibly hTERT in CTCs collected by the CTC chip may represent a promising predictive blood marker for sensitivity to nivolumab. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report to describe the predictive CTC marker for nivolumab in pre-treatment patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halin Bao
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tuya Bai
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Koji Takata
- Toyama Industrial Technology Center, Takaoka, Toyama 933-0981, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokobori
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.,Research Program for Omics-based Medical Science, Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohnaga
- Toyama Industrial Technology Center, Takaoka, Toyama 933-0981, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hisada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Maeno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Pinjie Bao
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tomonori Yoshida
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yuji Kumakura
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Honjo
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Makoto Sakai
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Makoto Sohda
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Minoru Fukuchi
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Bolag Altan
- Department of Oncology Clinical Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tadashi Handa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Munenori Ide
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Miyazaki
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Ogata
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tetsunari Oyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kimihiro Shimizu
- Integrative Center of General Surgery, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8510, Japan
| | - Akira Mogi
- Integrative Center of General Surgery, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8510, Japan
| | - Takayuki Asao
- Big Data Center for Integrative Analysis, Gunma University Initiative for Advance Research, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Ken Shirabe
- Integrative Center of General Surgery, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8510, Japan.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kuwano
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.,Integrative Center of General Surgery, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8510, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Kaira
- Department of Oncology Clinical Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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84
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Wu J, Dong M, Santos S, Rigatto C, Liu Y, Lin F. Lab-on-a-Chip Platforms for Detection of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer Biomarkers. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17122934. [PMID: 29258216 PMCID: PMC5751502 DOI: 10.3390/s17122934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer are two leading causes of death worldwide. CVD and cancer share risk factors such as obesity and diabetes mellitus and have common diagnostic biomarkers such as interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein. Thus, timely and accurate diagnosis of these two correlated diseases is of high interest to both the research and healthcare communities. Most conventional methods for CVD and cancer biomarker detection such as microwell plate-based immunoassay and polymerase chain reaction often suffer from high costs, low test speeds, and complicated procedures. Recently, lab-on-a-chip (LoC)-based platforms have been increasingly developed for CVD and cancer biomarker sensing and analysis using various molecular and cell-based diagnostic biomarkers. These new platforms not only enable better sample preparation, chemical manipulation and reaction, high-throughput and portability, but also provide attractive features such as label-free detection and improved sensitivity due to the integration of various novel detection techniques. These features effectively improve the diagnostic test speed and simplify the detection procedure. In addition, microfluidic cell assays and organ-on-chip models offer new potential approaches for CVD and cancer diagnosis. Here we provide a mini-review focusing on recent development of LoC-based methods for CVD and cancer diagnostic biomarker measurements, and our perspectives of the challenges, opportunities and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Meili Dong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230088, China.
| | - Susy Santos
- Victoria General Hospital and River Heights/Fort Garry Community Areas, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2E8, Canada.
| | | | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230088, China.
| | - Francis Lin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
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85
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Riethdorf S, Soave A, Rink M. The current status and clinical value of circulating tumor cells and circulating cell-free tumor DNA in bladder cancer. Transl Androl Urol 2017; 6:1090-1110. [PMID: 29354496 PMCID: PMC5760371 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2017.09.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) is a complex disease, which is associated with highly aggressive tumor biologic behavior, especially in patients with muscle-invasive and advanced tumors. Despite multimodal therapy options including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, UCB patients frequently suffer from poor clinical outcome. Indeed, the potential of diverse opportunities for modern targeted therapies is not sufficiently elucidated in UCB yet. To improve the suboptimal treatment situation in UCB, biomarkers are urgently needed that help detecting minimal residual disease (MRD), predicting therapy response and subsequently prognosis as well as enabling patient stratification for further therapies and therapy monitoring, respectively. To date, decision making regarding treatment planning is mainly based on histopathologic evaluation of biopsies predominantly derived from the primary tumors and on clinical staging. However, both methods are imperfect for sufficient outcome prediction. During disease progression, individual disseminated tumor cells and consecutively metastases can acquire characteristics that do not match those of the corresponding primary tumors, and often are only hardly assessable for further evaluation. Therefore, during recent years, strong efforts were directed to establish non-invasive biomarkers from liquid biopsies. Urine cytology and serum tumor markers have been established for diagnostic purposes, but are still insufficient as universal biomarkers for decision-making and treatment of UCB patients. To date, the clinical relevance of various newly established blood-based biomarkers comprising circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating cell-free nucleic acids or tumor-educated platelets is being tested in cancer patients. In this review we summarize the current state and clinical application of CTCs and circulating cell-free tumor DNA originating from blood as biomarkers in patients with different UCB stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Riethdorf
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Armin Soave
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Rink
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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86
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Caballero D, Kaushik S, Correlo V, Oliveira J, Reis R, Kundu S. Organ-on-chip models of cancer metastasis for future personalized medicine: From chip to the patient. Biomaterials 2017; 149:98-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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87
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Markou A, Lazaridou M, Paraskevopoulos P, Chen S, Świerczewska M, Budna J, Kuske A, Gorges TM, Joosse SA, Kroneis T, Zabel M, Sedlmayr P, Alix-Panabières C, Pantel K, Lianidou ES. Multiplex Gene Expression Profiling of In Vivo Isolated Circulating Tumor Cells in High-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients. Clin Chem 2017; 64:297-306. [PMID: 29122836 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2017.275503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is important for selecting patients for targeted treatments. We present, for the first time, results on gene expression profiling of CTCs isolated in vivo from high-risk prostate cancer (PCa) patients compared with CTC detected by 3 protein-based assays-CellSearch®, PSA-EPISPOT, and immunofluorescence of CellCollector® in vivo-captured CTCs-using the same blood draw. METHODS EpCAM-positive CTCs were isolated in vivo using the CellCollector from 108 high-risk PCa patients and 36 healthy volunteers. For 27 patients, samples were available before and after treatment. We developed highly sensitive multiplex RT-qPCR assays for 14 genes (KRT19, EpCAM, CDH1, HMBS, PSCA, ALDH1A1, PROM1, HPRT1, TWIST1, VIM, CDH2, B2M, PLS3, and PSA), including epithelial markers, stem cell markers, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) markers. RESULTS We observed high heterogeneity in gene expression in the captured CTCs for each patient. At least 1 marker was detected in 74 of 105 patients (70.5%), 2 markers in 45 of 105 (40.9%), and 3 markers in 16 of 105 (15.2%). Epithelial markers were detected in 31 of 105 (29.5%) patients, EMT markers in 46 of 105 (43.8%), and stem cell markers in 15 of 105 (14.3%) patients. EMT-marker positivity was very low before therapy (2 of 27, 7.4%), but it increased after therapy (17 of 27, 63.0%), whereas epithelial markers tended to decrease after therapy (2 of 27, 7.4%) compared with before therapy (13 of 27, 48.1%). At least 2 markers were expressed in 40.9% of patients, whereas the positivity was 19.6% for CellSearch, 38.1% for EPISPOT, and 43.8% for CellCollector-based IF-staining. CONCLUSIONS The combination of in vivo CTC isolation with downstream RNA analysis is highly promising as a high-throughput, specific, and ultrasensitive approach for multiplex liquid biopsy-based molecular diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Markou
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marifili Lazaridou
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Shukun Chen
- Institute for Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Monika Świerczewska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Budna
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Andra Kuske
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias M Gorges
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon A Joosse
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kroneis
- Institute for Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Maciej Zabel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Peter Sedlmayr
- Institute for Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Catherine Alix-Panabières
- University Institute for Clinical Research (IURC), Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells, University Medical Centre of Montpellier Saint-Eloi Hospital, EA2415, Montpellier, France
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Evi S Lianidou
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece;
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88
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Yang G, Li X, He Y, Xiong X, Wang P, Zhou S. Capturing Circulating Tumor Cells through a Combination of Hierarchical Nanotopography and Surface Chemistry. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 4:2081-2088. [PMID: 33434965 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have become known as minimally invasive multifunctional biomarkers for earlier diagnosis, prognosis, recurrence risk assessment, and therapeutic monitoring in recent years. However, effectively capturing these CTCs is still difficult because of the extremely low abundance of CTCs and the diverse phenotypes of cancer cells. In this study, we present a novel necklace-like polydopamine nanosphere (PDA NS)/alginate composite nanofiber with a hierarchical nanotopographical structure and a surface chemical signal for capturing the CTCs. The height of the nanotopography, which is formed by connecting PDA NSs with nanofibers via electrospinning, can be easily adjusted by changing the size of the PDA NSs. Four types of cancer cells are employed to investigate the capture efficiency of the fiber. More importantly, in a blood environment containing rare cancer cells, the fiber still has a great ability to capture these cells. Therefore, this nanofiber is identified as a potential device for the diagnosis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Material, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, P. R. China.,College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xilin Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Material, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yang He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Material, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Xiong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Material, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Pu Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Material, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Shaobing Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Material, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, P. R. China
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89
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Duan X, Liu Z, Xu S. [Research Progresses of Circulating Tumor Cells in Diagnosis and Treatment of
Early Lung Cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2017; 20:703-709. [PMID: 29061218 PMCID: PMC5972993 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2017.10.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
循环肿瘤细胞(circulating tumor cells, CTCs)作为液体活检的一种重要类型,在肺癌的筛查诊断、疗效评估、术后监测与预后判断等方面显示出越来越丰富的临床价值。随着对肺癌高危人群筛查工作的进展,大量肺小结节患者被检出,但是肺小结节不等于肺癌,而且据统计良性比例达90%-95%,这使得该部分患者在首次就诊时的良恶性鉴别诊断成为临床医生面临着的新的机遇与挑战。CTCs检测技术的不断进步与完善,是否可以在早期肺癌的鉴别诊断中发挥更大的作用,此外,它是否对早期肺癌手术治疗时的操作具有指导意义,这还需要进一步科研探索,以期将来实现临床转化。
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchun Duan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Zhidong Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Shaofa Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
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90
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赵 倩, 司 徒, 郑 磊. [Current progress in research of circulating tumor cells]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2017; 37:1423-1426. [PMID: 29070479 PMCID: PMC6743959 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2017.10.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells are tumor cells that spontaneously or, following operations, migrate into the peripheral blood circulation from the primary tumor or metastatic tumor. As diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers in many types of cancers including breast cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer and colorectal cancer, circulating tumor cells contribute to the early diagnosis of cancers, drug resistance monitoring, prognostic assessment, survival analysis, detection of tumor recurrence and evaluation of drug efficacy to assist in treatment decision?making and adjustment of treatment plans. However, the current approaches to the detection of circulating tumor cells still have limitations, and the development of new detection methods with higher sensitivity and specificity will be helpful for better use of these cells. Herein the authors review the research progress in circulating tumor cells in terms of the detection techniques, clinical applications of circulating tumor cells, and their prospects in future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- 倩雯 赵
- />南方医科大学南方医院检验医学科, 广东 广州 510515Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 徒博 司
- />南方医科大学南方医院检验医学科, 广东 广州 510515Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 磊 郑
- />南方医科大学南方医院检验医学科, 广东 广州 510515Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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91
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Ma S, Ling F, Gui A, Chen S, Sun Y, Li Z. Predictive Value of Circulating Tumor Cells for Evaluating Short- and Long-Term Efficacy of Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:4808-4816. [PMID: 28986517 PMCID: PMC5642643 DOI: 10.12659/msm.903736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study investigated the role of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) counts in predicting the short- and long-term efficacy of chemotherapy for breast cancer (BC). MATERIAL AND METHODS Peripheral venous blood was extracted from 187 BC patients. CTCs were measured by flow cytometry. Spearman's correlation analysis was performed to examine the correlation between the efficacy of chemotherapy and CTC counts. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to estimate the predictive value of CTC counts. The Kaplan-Meier method was employed to calculate disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Cox regression analysis was used to determine risk factors for prognosis of BC. RESULTS Complete response (CR) + partial response (PR) was achieved by 65.8% of BC patients. After chemotherapy, CTC counts were decreased in both the CR + PR and SD + PD groups. Spearman's correlation analysis indicated that CTC counts before chemotherapy were positively correlated with clinical response to chemotherapy (r=0.45, P<0.05). For predicting clinical response to chemotherapy, CTC counts yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.958, with sensitivity reaching 96.9% and specificity reaching 85.4%. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis indicated that tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging, lymph node metastasis (LNM), ki-67, endocrine therapy, and CTC counts were risk factors for prognosis of BC. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that BC patients with CTCs ³8 exhibited poor response to chemotherapy and poor OS. CTC counts can serve as an indicator in predicting short- and long-term efficacy of chemotherapy for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Mammary Gland Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Feihai Ling
- Department of Mammary Gland Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Anping Gui
- Department of Mammary Gland Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Shifeng Chen
- Department of Mammary Gland Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yanxiang Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
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92
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Circulating tumor cells in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: Association with tumor stage, lymph node metastases, FDG-PET findings, and survival. Urol Oncol 2017; 35:606.e9-606.e16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2017.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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93
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Metabolic pathway for the universal fluorescent recognition of tumor cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:76108-76115. [PMID: 29100296 PMCID: PMC5652690 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantification of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood samples from cancer patients is a non-invasive approach to monitoring the status of the disease. Most of the methods proposed in the recent years are phenomenological and rely on the use of antibodies labelled with fluorophores, magnetic particles, or immobilized on surfaces to capture the CTCs. Herein, we designed and optimized a method that employs a glucose analogue labelled with a fluorophore which takes advantage of the different metabolic pathways of cancer cells to discern them from normal ones. Notably, we demonstrate that fluorescence signal in tumor cells can be greatly maximized by applying hyperoxia conditions without damaging the cells. These results are demonstrated by means of confocal fluorescence and flow-cytometry measurements in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) extracted after Ficoll of human blood samples and spiked with a known concentration of MCF-7 tumor cells.
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94
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Targeting epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in cancer: clinical and preclinical advances in therapy and monitoring. Biochem J 2017; 474:3269-3306. [PMID: 28931648 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The concept of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP), which describes the dynamic flux within the spectrum of phenotypic states that invasive carcinoma cells may reside, is being increasingly recognised for its role in cancer progression and therapy resistance. The myriad of events that are able to induce EMP, as well as the more recently characterised control loops, results in dynamic transitions of cancerous epithelial cells to more mesenchymal-like phenotypes through an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as the reverse transition from mesenchymal phenotypes to an epithelial one. The significance of EMP, in its ability to drive local invasion, generate cancer stem cells and facilitate metastasis by the dissemination of circulating tumour cells (CTCs), highlights its importance as a targetable programme to combat cancer morbidity and mortality. The focus of this review is to consolidate the existing knowledge on the strategies currently in development to combat cancer progression via inhibition of specific facets of EMP. The prevalence of relapse due to therapy resistance and metastatic propensity that EMP endows should be considered when designing therapy regimes, and such therapies should synergise with existing chemotherapeutics to benefit efficacy. To further improve upon EMP-targeted therapies, it is imperative to devise monitoring strategies to assess the impact of such treatments on EMP-related phenomenon such as CTC burden, chemosensitivity/-resistance and micrometastasis in patients.
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95
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Brychta N, Drosch M, Driemel C, Fischer JC, Neves RP, Esposito I, Knoefel W, Möhlendick B, Hille C, Stresemann A, Krahn T, Kassack MU, Stoecklein NH, von Ahsen O. Isolation of circulating tumor cells from pancreatic cancer by automated filtration. Oncotarget 2017; 8:86143-86156. [PMID: 29156783 PMCID: PMC5689673 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now widely recognized that the isolation of circulating tumor cells based on cell surface markers might be hindered by variability in their protein expression. Especially in pancreatic cancer, isolation based only on EpCAM expression has produced very diverse results. Methods that are independent of surface markers and therefore independent of phenotypical changes in the circulating cells might increase CTC recovery also in pancreatic cancer. We compared an EpCAM-dependent (IsoFlux) and a size-dependent (automated Siemens Healthineers filtration device) isolation method for the enrichment of pancreatic cancer CTCs. The recovery rate of the filtration based approach is dramatically superior to the EpCAM-dependent approach especially for cells with low EpCAM-expression (filtration: 52%, EpCAM-dependent: 1%). As storage and shipment of clinical samples is important for centralized analyses, we also evaluated the use of frozen diagnostic leukapheresis (DLA) as source for isolating CTCs and subsequent genetic analysis such as KRAS mutation detection analysis. Using frozen DLA samples of pancreatic cancer patients we detected CTCs in 42% of the samples by automated filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Brychta
- Bayer AG, Biomarker Research, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Drosch
- Bayer AG, Biomarker Research, 13353 Berlin, Germany.,Current/Present address: JPT Peptide Technologies GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christiane Driemel
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes C Fischer
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Rui P Neves
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Irene Esposito
- Institute of Pathology, Heinrich-Heine-University of Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfram Knoefel
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Birte Möhlendick
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Claudia Hille
- Bayer AG, Biomarker Research, 13353 Berlin, Germany.,Current/Present address: University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Tumor Biology, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Krahn
- Bayer AG, Biomarker Research, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias U Kassack
- Institute of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Nikolas H Stoecklein
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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96
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Xu H, Dong B, Xiao Q, Sun X, Zhang X, Lyu J, Yang Y, Xu L, Bai X, Zhang S, Song H. Three-Dimensional Inverse Opal Photonic Crystal Substrates toward Efficient Capture of Circulating Tumor Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:30510-30518. [PMID: 28829566 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b10094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Artificial fractal structures have attracted considerable scientific interest in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) detection and capture, which plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. Herein, we designed a bionic TiO2 inverse opal photonic crystal (IOPC) structure for highly efficient immunocapture of CTCs by combination of a magnetic Fe3O4@C6@silane nanoparticles with anti-EpCAM (antiepithelial cell adhesion molecule) and microchannel structure. Porous structure and dimension of IOPC TiO2 can be precisely controlled for mimicking cellular components, and anti-EpCAM antibody was further modified on IOPC interface by conjugating with polydopamine (PDA). The improvement of CTCs capture efficiency reaches a surprising factor of 20 for the IOPC interface compared to that on flat glass, suggesting that the IOPCs are responsible for the dramatic enhancement of the capture efficiency of MCF-7 cells. IOPC substrate with pore size of 415 nm leads to the optimal CTCs capture efficiency of 92% with 1 mL/h. Besides the cell affinity, IOPCs also have the advantage of light scattering property which can enhance the excitation and emission light of fluorescence labels, facilitating the real-time monitoring of CTCs capture. The IOPC-based platform demonstrates excellent performance in CTCs capture, which will take an important step toward specific recognition of disease-related rare cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Biao Dong
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Qiaoqin Xiao
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510641, P.R. China
| | - Xueke Sun
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Xinran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Jiekai Lyu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Yudan Yang
- China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University , Changchun 130033, P.R. China
| | - Lin Xu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Xue Bai
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Song
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
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97
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Xu H, Dong B, Xu S, Xu S, Sun X, Sun J, Yang Y, Xu L, Bai X, Zhang S, Yin Z, Song H. High purity microfluidic sorting and in situ inactivation of circulating tumor cells based on multifunctional magnetic composites. Biomaterials 2017; 138:69-79. [PMID: 28554009 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Lampignano R, Yang L, Neumann MHD, Franken A, Fehm T, Niederacher D, Neubauer H. A Novel Workflow to Enrich and Isolate Patient-Matched EpCAM high and EpCAM low/negative CTCs Enables the Comparative Characterization of the PIK3CA Status in Metastatic Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091885. [PMID: 28858218 PMCID: PMC5618534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), potential precursors of most epithelial solid tumors, are mainly enriched by epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)-dependent technologies. Hence, these approaches may overlook mesenchymal CTCs, considered highly malignant. Our aim was to establish a workflow to enrich and isolate patient-matched EpCAMhigh and EpCAMlow/negative CTCs within the same blood samples, and to investigate the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) mutational status within single CTCs. We sequentially processed metastatic breast cancer (MBC) blood samples via CellSearch® (EpCAM-based) and via Parsortix™ (size-based) systems. After enrichment, cells captured in Parsortix™ cassettes were stained in situ for nuclei, cytokeratins, EpCAM and CD45. Afterwards, sorted cells were isolated via CellCelector™ micromanipulator and their genomes were amplified. Lastly, PIK3CA mutational status was analyzed by combining an amplicon-based approach with Sanger sequencing. In 54% of patients′ blood samples both EpCAMhigh and EpCAMlow/negative cells were identified and successfully isolated. High genomic integrity was observed in 8% of amplified genomes of EpCAMlow/negative cells vs. 28% of EpCAMhigh cells suggesting an increased apoptosis in the first CTC-subpopulation. Furthermore, PIK3CA hotspot mutations were detected in both EpCAMhigh and EpCAMlow/negative CTCs. Our workflow is suitable for single CTC analysis, permitting—for the first time—assessment of the heterogeneity of PIK3CA mutational status within patient-matched EpCAMhigh and EpCAMlow/negative CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Lampignano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heinrich Heine University of Duesseldorf, Life Science Center, Merowingerplatz 1A, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Liwen Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heinrich Heine University of Duesseldorf, Life Science Center, Merowingerplatz 1A, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Martin H D Neumann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heinrich Heine University of Duesseldorf, Life Science Center, Merowingerplatz 1A, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - André Franken
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heinrich Heine University of Duesseldorf, Life Science Center, Merowingerplatz 1A, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Tanja Fehm
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heinrich Heine University of Duesseldorf, Life Science Center, Merowingerplatz 1A, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Dieter Niederacher
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heinrich Heine University of Duesseldorf, Life Science Center, Merowingerplatz 1A, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Hans Neubauer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heinrich Heine University of Duesseldorf, Life Science Center, Merowingerplatz 1A, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
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ALK Status Assessment with Liquid Biopsies of Lung Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9080106. [PMID: 28805673 PMCID: PMC5575609 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9080106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with advanced stage non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) harboring an anaplastic lymphoma kinase ALK gene rearrangement, detected from a tissue sample, can benefit from targeted ALK inhibitor treatment. However, while treatment is initially effective in most cases, relapse or progression occurs due to different resistance mechanisms including mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML44)-ALK. The liquid biopsy concept has recently radically changed the clinical care of NSCLC patients, in particular for those harboring an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation. Therefore, liquid biopsy is an alternative or complementary method to tissue biopsy for the detection of some resistance mutations in EGFR arising during tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment. Moreover, in some frail patients, or if the tumor lesion is not accessible to a tissue biopsy, a liquid biopsy can also detect some activating mutations in EGFR on initial assessment. Recent studies have evaluated the possibility of also using a liquid biopsy approach to detect an ALK rearrangement and/or the emergence during inhibitor treatment of some resistance mutations in ALK. These assessments can be performed by studying circulating tumor cells by fluorescent in situ hybridization and by immunocytochemistry and/or after the isolation of RNA from plasma samples, free or associated with platelets. Thus, the liquid biopsy may be a complementary or sometimes alternative method for the assessment of the ALK status in certain NSCLC patients, as well as a non-invasive approach for early detection of ALK mutations. In this review, we highlight the current data concerning the role of the liquid biopsy for the ALK status assessment for NSCLC patients, and we compare the different approaches for this evaluation from blood samples.
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Ahmed MG, Abate MF, Song Y, Zhu Z, Yan F, Xu Y, Wang X, Li Q, Yang C. Isolation, Detection, and Antigen-Based Profiling of Circulating Tumor Cells Using a Size-Dictated Immunocapture Chip. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201702675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Metages Gashaw Ahmed
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province; State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Department of Chemical Biology; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Mahlet Fasil Abate
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province; State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Department of Chemical Biology; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yanling Song
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province; State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Department of Chemical Biology; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Zhi Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province; State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Department of Chemical Biology; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology; Zhongshan Hospital; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology; Zhongshan Hospital; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology; Zhongshan Hospital; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Qingbiao Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province; State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Department of Chemical Biology; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Chaoyong Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province; State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Department of Chemical Biology; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
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