51
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Wang JP, Yu J, Shu Y, Shi YX, Luo P, Cai L, Ding ZT. Peniroquesines A–C: Sesterterpenoids Possessing a 5–6–5–6–5-Fused Pentacyclic Ring System from Penicillium roqueforti YJ-14. Org Lett 2018; 20:5853-5856. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation, Yunnan Provincial Department of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation, Yunnan Provincial Department of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Yan Shu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation, Yunnan Provincial Department of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Ya-Xian Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation, Yunnan Provincial Department of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Ping Luo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation, Yunnan Provincial Department of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Le Cai
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation, Yunnan Provincial Department of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Zhong-Tao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation, Yunnan Provincial Department of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Kunming 650091, China
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52
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Yang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Chen Q, Ma K, Bao L, Tao Y, Yin W, Wang G, Liu H. Identification and Characterization of a Membrane-Bound Sesterterpene Cyclase from Streptomyces somaliensis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:1089-1092. [PMID: 29553734 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b01033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sesterterpenes are usually found in plants and fungi, but are rare in bacteria. Here, we present the identification of StsC from Streptomyces somaliensis, a member of the UbiA superfamily, as a membrane-bound sesterterpene cyclase in bacteria. The cyclized products for StsC, somaliensenes A (1) and B (2), were identified by expressing the corresponding gene in an engineered Escherichia coli strain. The structures of 1 and 2 were determined by analysis of the NMR and MS spectroscopic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology , Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100101 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology , Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100101 , People's Republic of China
- Savaid Medical School , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Science, Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiology and Metabolic Engineering , Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100101 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qingwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics , Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100101 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology , Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100101 , People's Republic of China
- Savaid Medical School , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Li Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology , Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100101 , People's Republic of China
- Savaid Medical School , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Tao
- Chinese Academy of Science, Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiology and Metabolic Engineering , Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100101 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbing Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology , Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100101 , People's Republic of China
- Savaid Medical School , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics , Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100101 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology , Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100101 , People's Republic of China
- Savaid Medical School , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100049 , People's Republic of China
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53
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Mitsuhashi T, Abe I. Chimeric Terpene Synthases Possessing both Terpene Cyclization and Prenyltransfer Activities. Chembiochem 2018; 19:1106-1114. [PMID: 29675947 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prenyltransferase (PT) and terpene synthase (TPS) are key enzymes in the formation of the basic carbon skeletons of terpenoids. The PTs determine the prenyl carbon chain length, whereas TPSs generate the structural complexity of the molecular scaffolds, forming various ring structures. Normally, PTs and TPSs are separate, independent enzymes. However, in 2007, a chimeric enzyme, in which the PT was fused with the TPS, was found in a fungus. Recent studies have revealed that such chimeric TPSs are widely distributed in fungi and function in the biosyntheses of various terpene natural products, including sesterterpenes, which are a relatively rare group of terpenoids. This review summarizes the accumulated knowledge of these recently discovered, unique, chimeric TPSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Mitsuhashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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54
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Zhao N, Yin S, Xie S, Yan H, Ren P, Chen G, Chen F, Xu J. Total Synthesis of Astellatol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:3386-3390. [PMID: 29364591 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A nearly-30-year-old unanswered synthetic puzzle, astellatol, has been solved in an enantiospecific manner. The highly congested pentacyclic skeleton of this rare sesterterpenoid, which possesses a unique bicyclo[4.1.1]octane motif, ten stereocenters, a cyclobutane that contains two quaternary centers, an exo-methylene group, and a sterically encumbered isopropyl trans-hydrindane motif, makes astellatol arguably one of the most challenging targets for sesterterpenoid synthesis. An intramolecular Pauson-Khand reaction was exploited to construct the right-hand side scaffold of this sesterterpenoid. An unprecedented reductive radical 1,6-addition, mediated by SmI2 , forged the cyclobutane motif. Last, a strategic oxidation/reduction step provided not only the decisive solution for the remarkably challenging late-stage transformations, but also a highly valuable unravelling of the notorious issue of trans-hydrindane synthesis. Importantly, the synthesis of astellatol showcases a rapid, scalable strategy to access diverse complex isopropyl trans-hydrindane sesterterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuqiang Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengling Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Pan Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Gui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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55
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Zhao N, Yin S, Xie S, Yan H, Ren P, Chen G, Chen F, Xu J. Total Synthesis of Astellatol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201800167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry; Southern University of Science and Technology; Shenzhen Grubbs Institute; Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - Shuqiang Yin
- Department of Chemistry; Southern University of Science and Technology; Shenzhen Grubbs Institute; Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - Shengling Xie
- Department of Chemistry; Southern University of Science and Technology; Shenzhen Grubbs Institute; Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - Hao Yan
- Department of Chemistry; Southern University of Science and Technology; Shenzhen Grubbs Institute; Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - Pan Ren
- Department of Chemistry; Southern University of Science and Technology; Shenzhen Grubbs Institute; Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - Gui Chen
- Department of Chemistry; Southern University of Science and Technology; Shenzhen Grubbs Institute; Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Chemistry; Southern University of Science and Technology; Shenzhen Grubbs Institute; Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Chemistry; Southern University of Science and Technology; Shenzhen Grubbs Institute; Shenzhen Guangdong China
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56
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Roncero AM, Tobal IE, Moro RF, Díez D, Marcos IS. Halimane diterpenoids: sources, structures, nomenclature and biological activities. Nat Prod Rep 2018; 35:955-991. [DOI: 10.1039/c8np00016f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Diterpenes with a halimane skeleton constitute a small group of natural products that can be biogenetically considered as being between labdane and clerodane diterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro M. Roncero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad de Salamanca
- 37008 Salamanca
- Spain
| | - Ignacio E. Tobal
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad de Salamanca
- 37008 Salamanca
- Spain
| | - Rosalina F. Moro
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad de Salamanca
- 37008 Salamanca
- Spain
| | - David Díez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad de Salamanca
- 37008 Salamanca
- Spain
| | - Isidro S. Marcos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad de Salamanca
- 37008 Salamanca
- Spain
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57
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Identification of Enzymes Involved in Sesterterpene Biosynthesis in Marine Fungi. Methods Enzymol 2018; 604:441-498. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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58
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Zhou YF, Shi HX, Hu K, Tang JW, Li XR, Du X, Sun HD, Wang LS, Pu JX. Gypmacrophin A, a Rare Pentacyclic Sesterterpenoid, Together with Three Depsides, Functioned as New Chemical Evidence for Gypsoplaca macrophylla (Zahlbr.) Timdal Identification. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101675. [PMID: 28991198 PMCID: PMC6151673 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The phytochemical investigation on 1 g of materials from Gypsoplaca macrophylla (Zahlbr.) Timdal resulted in the discovery of gypmacrophin A, a rare pentacyclic sesterterpenoid; brialmontin III, a new polysubstituted depside and two known ones, brialmontins I and II. The structure and absolute configurations of gypmacrophin A were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses and computational methods. Gypmacrophin A showed weak inhibition of AchE with an IC50 value of 32.03 μM. The four compounds provided new chemical evidence for G. macrophylla identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Fei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
- Kunming College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Hai-Xia Shi
- Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Kun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
- Kunming College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Jian-Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
- Kunming College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Xing-Ren Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
- Kunming College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Xue Du
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Han-Dong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Li-Song Wang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Jian-Xin Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
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59
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Huang AC, Kautsar SA, Hong YJ, Medema MH, Bond AD, Tantillo DJ, Osbourn A. Unearthing a sesterterpene biosynthetic repertoire in the Brassicaceae through genome mining reveals convergent evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E6005-E6014. [PMID: 28673978 PMCID: PMC5530694 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1705567114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sesterterpenoids are a rare terpene class harboring untapped chemodiversity and bioactivities. Their structural diversity originates primarily from the scaffold-generating sesterterpene synthases (STSs). In fungi, all six known STSs are bifunctional, containing C-terminal trans-prenyltransferase (PT) and N-terminal terpene synthase (TPS) domains. In plants, two colocalized PT and TPS gene pairs from Arabidopsis thaliana were recently reported to synthesize sesterterpenes. However, the landscape of PT and TPS genes in plant genomes is unclear. Here, using a customized algorithm for systematically searching plant genomes, we reveal a suite of physically colocalized pairs of PT and TPS genes for the biosynthesis of a large sesterterpene repertoire in the wider Brassicaceae. Transient expression of seven TPSs from A. thaliana, Capsella rubella, and Brassica oleracea in Nicotiana benthamiana yielded fungal-type sesterterpenes with tri-, tetra-, and pentacyclic scaffolds, and notably (-)-ent-quiannulatene, an enantiomer of the fungal metabolite (+)-quiannulatene. Protein and structural modeling analysis identified an amino acid site implicated in structural diversification. Mutation of this site in one STS (AtTPS19) resulted in premature termination of carbocation intermediates and accumulation of bi-, tri-, and tetracyclic sesterterpenes, revealing the cyclization path for the pentacyclic sesterterpene (-)-retigeranin B. These structural and mechanistic insights, together with phylogenetic analysis, suggest convergent evolution of plant and fungal STSs, and also indicate that the colocalized PT-TPS gene pairs in the Brassicaceae may have originated from a common ancestral gene pair present before speciation. Our findings further provide opportunities for rapid discovery and production of sesterterpenes through metabolic and protein engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ancheng C Huang
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Satria A Kautsar
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Young J Hong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Marnix H Medema
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew D Bond
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Dean J Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Anne Osbourn
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom;
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60
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Tian W, Deng Z, Hong K. The Biological Activities of Sesterterpenoid-Type Ophiobolins. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15070229. [PMID: 28718836 PMCID: PMC5532671 DOI: 10.3390/md15070229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ophiobolins (Ophs) are a group of tricarbocyclic sesterterpenoids whose structures contain a tricyclic 5-8-5 carbotricyclic skeleton. Thus far, 49 natural Ophs have been reported and assigned into A-W subgroups in order of discovery. While these sesterterpenoids were first characterized as highly effective phytotoxins, later investigations demonstrated that they display a broad spectrum of biological and pharmacological characteristics such as phytotoxic, antimicrobial, nematocidal, cytotoxic, anti-influenza and inflammation-promoting activities. These bioactive molecules are promising drug candidates due to the developments of their anti-proliferative activities against a vast number of cancer cell lines, multidrug resistance (MDR) cells and cancer stem cells (CSCs). Despite numerous studies on the biological functions of Ophs, their pharmacological mechanism still requires further research. This review summarizes the chemical structures, sources, and biological activities of the oph family and discusses its mechanisms and structure-activity relationship to lay the foundation for the future developments and applications of these promising molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Zixin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Kui Hong
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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61
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Hanson JR. Some contributions of organic chemistry to the study of the biosynthesis of natural products. Sci Prog 2017; 100:194-211. [PMID: 28693678 PMCID: PMC10365216 DOI: 10.3184/003685017x14901006155071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The development over the last 100 years of organic chemists' contributions to the understanding of the biosynthesis of natural products is reviewed. The transitions from speculation to labelling experiments and to the current role of genomics are exemplified, particularly from terpenoid biosynthesis.
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62
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Shao J, Chen QW, Lv HJ, He J, Liu ZF, Lu YN, Liu HL, Wang GD, Wang Y. (+)-Thalianatriene and (−)-Retigeranin B Catalyzed by Sesterterpene Synthases from Arabidopsis thaliana. Org Lett 2017; 19:1816-1819. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shao
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular
Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai
Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Qing-Wen Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental
Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Hua-Jun Lv
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular
Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai
Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Juan He
- State
Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental
Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular
Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai
Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yan-Na Lu
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular
Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai
Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hai-Li Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular
Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai
Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guo-Dong Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental
Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular
Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai
Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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63
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Abstract
The development in the strategies for elucidating the structures of natural products from 1916 to 2016 are reviewed revealing the transition from chemical to spectroscopic methods and using examples drawn from the chemistry of terpenoids and steroids.
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64
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Kim SY, Nagashima H, Tanaka N, Kashiwada Y, Kobayashi J, Kojoma M. Hitorins A and B, Hexacyclic C 25 Terpenoids from Chloranthus japonicus. Org Lett 2016; 18:5420-5423. [PMID: 27718583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two novel C25 terpenoids with a 6/5/5/5/5/3 hexacyclic skeleton including one γ-lactone ring and two tetrahydrofuran rings, hitorins A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the aerial parts of Chloranthus japonicus. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses as well as TDDFT ECD calculations. Hitorins A (1) and B (2) might be biogenetically derived from eudesmane sesquiterpene and thujane monoterpene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yong Kim
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido , Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan
| | - Hisako Nagashima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido , Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan
| | - Naonobu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University , Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kashiwada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University , Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Jun'ichi Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Mareshige Kojoma
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido , Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan
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65
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Hugelshofer CL, Magauer T. A Divergent Approach to the Marine Diterpenoids (+)-Dictyoxetane and (+)-Dolabellane V. Chemistry 2016; 22:15125-15136. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cedric L. Hugelshofer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; Butenandtstrasse 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Thomas Magauer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; Butenandtstrasse 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
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66
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Okada M, Matsuda Y, Mitsuhashi T, Hoshino S, Mori T, Nakagawa K, Quan Z, Qin B, Zhang H, Hayashi F, Kawaide H, Abe I. Genome-Based Discovery of an Unprecedented Cyclization Mode in Fungal Sesterterpenoid Biosynthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:10011-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b05799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Okada
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yudai Matsuda
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takaaki Mitsuhashi
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shotaro Hoshino
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takahiro Mori
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kazuya Nakagawa
- Institute
of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8
Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Zhiyang Quan
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Bin Qin
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Huiping Zhang
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Hayashi
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawaide
- Institute
of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8
Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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67
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Zhao N, Xie S, Chen G, Xu J. Concise Synthesis of Astellatol Core Skeleton. Chemistry 2016; 22:12634-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhao
- South University of Science and Technology of China; Department of Chemistry; No. 1088 Xueyuan Ave., Nanshan District Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Shengling Xie
- South University of Science and Technology of China; Department of Chemistry; No. 1088 Xueyuan Ave., Nanshan District Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Gui Chen
- South University of Science and Technology of China; Department of Chemistry; No. 1088 Xueyuan Ave., Nanshan District Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Jing Xu
- South University of Science and Technology of China; Department of Chemistry; No. 1088 Xueyuan Ave., Nanshan District Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
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68
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Arendt P, Pollier J, Callewaert N, Goossens A. Synthetic biology for production of natural and new-to-nature terpenoids in photosynthetic organisms. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 87:16-37. [PMID: 26867713 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
With tens of thousands of characterized members, terpenoids constitute the largest class of natural compounds that are synthesized by all living organisms. Several terpenoids play primary roles in the maintenance of cell membrane fluidity, as pigments or as phytohormones, but most of them function as specialized metabolites that are involved in plant resistance to herbivores or plant-environment interactions. Terpenoids are an essential component of human nutrition, and many are economically important pharmaceuticals, aromatics and potential next-generation biofuels. Because of the often low abundance in their natural source, as well as the demand for novel terpenoid structures with new or improved bioactivities, terpenoid biosynthesis has become a prime target for metabolic engineering and synthetic biology projects. In this review we focus on the creation of new-to-nature or tailor-made plant-derived terpenoids in photosynthetic organisms, in particular by means of combinatorial biosynthesis and the activation of silent metabolism. We reflect on the characteristics of different potential photosynthetic host organisms and recent advances in synthetic biology and discuss their utility for the (heterologous) production of (novel) terpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Arendt
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
- Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jacob Pollier
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
| | - Nico Callewaert
- Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alain Goossens
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
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69
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Sesterterpene ophiobolin biosynthesis involving multiple gene clusters in Aspergillus ustus. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27181. [PMID: 27273151 PMCID: PMC4895135 DOI: 10.1038/srep27181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Terpenoids are the most diverse and abundant natural products among which sesterterpenes account for less than 2%, with very few reports on their biosynthesis. Ophiobolins are tricyclic 5–8–5 ring sesterterpenes with potential pharmaceutical application. Aspergillus ustus 094102 from mangrove rizhosphere produces ophiobolin and other terpenes. We obtained five gene cluster knockout mutants, with altered ophiobolin yield using genome sequencing and in silico analysis, combined with in vivo genetic manipulation. Involvement of the five gene clusters in ophiobolin synthesis was confirmed by investigation of the five key terpene synthesis relevant enzymes in each gene cluster, either by gene deletion and complementation or in vitro verification of protein function. The results demonstrate that ophiobolin skeleton biosynthesis involves five gene clusters, which are responsible for C15, C20, C25, and C30 terpenoid biosynthesis.
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70
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Evidente A, Kornienko A, Lefranc F, Cimmino A, Dasari R, Evidente M, Mathieu V, Kiss R. Sesterterpenoids with Anticancer Activity. Curr Med Chem 2016; 22:3502-22. [PMID: 26295461 DOI: 10.2174/0929867322666150821101047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Terpenes have received a great deal of attention in the scientific literature due to complex, synthetically challenging structures and diverse biological activities associated with this class of natural products. Based on the number of C5 isoprene units they are generated from, terpenes are classified as hemi- (C5), mono- (C10), sesqui- (C15), di- (C20), sester- (C25), tri (C30), and tetraterpenes (C40). Among these, sesterterpenes and their derivatives known as sesterterpenoids, are ubiquitous secondary metabolites in fungi, marine organisms, and plants. Their structural diversity encompasses carbotricyclic ophiobolanes, polycyclic anthracenones, polycyclic furan-2-ones, polycyclic hydroquinones, among many other carbon skeletons. Furthermore, many of them possess promising biological activities including cytotoxicity and the associated potential as anticancer agents. This review discusses the natural sources that produce sesterterpenoids, provides sesterterpenoid names and their chemical structures, biological properties with the focus on anticancer activities and literature references associated with these metabolites. A critical summary of the potential of various sesterterpenoids as anticancer agents concludes the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Evidente
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
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71
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Liu Z, Chen Y, Chen S, Liu Y, Lu Y, Chen D, Lin Y, Huang X, She Z. Aspterpenacids A and B, Two Sesterterpenoids from a Mangrove Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus terreus H010. Org Lett 2016; 18:1406-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yongjun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules
from Oceanic Microorganism, Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | | | | | | | - Zhigang She
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules
from Oceanic Microorganism, Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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72
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Millot M, Martin-de-Lassalle M, Chollet-Krugler M, Champavier Y, Mambu L, Chulia JA, Lacaille-Dubois MA. Two New Retigerane-Type Sesterterpenoids from the LichenLeprocaulon microscopicum. Helv Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201500225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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73
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Wang C, Chen Q, Fan D, Li J, Wang G, Zhang P. Structural Analyses of Short-Chain Prenyltransferases Identify an Evolutionarily Conserved GFPPS Clade in Brassicaceae Plants. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:195-204. [PMID: 26537048 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Terpenoids are the largest and most diverse class of plant-specialized metabolites, which function in diverse physiological processes during plant development. In the biosynthesis of plant terpenoids, short-chain prenyltransferases (SC-PTs), together with terpene synthases (TPSs), play critical roles in determining terpenoid diversity. SC-PTs biosynthesize prenyl pyrophosphates with different chain lengths, and these compounds are the direct precursors of terpenoids. Arabidopsis thaliana possesses a subgroup of SC-PTs whose functions are not clearly known. In this study, we focus on 10 geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase-like [GGPPSL] proteins, which are commonly thought to produce GGPP [C20]. We found that a subset of members of the Arabidopsis GGPPSL gene family have undergone neo-functionalization: GGPPSL6, 7, 9, and 10 mainly have geranylfarnesyl pyrophosphate synthase activity (C25; renamed AtGFPPS1, 2, 3, and 4), and GGPPSL8 produces even longer chain prenyl pyrophosphate (≥ C30; renamed polyprenyl pyrophosphate synthase 2, AtPPPS2). By solving the crystal structures of AtGFPPS2, AtPPPS2, and AtGGPPS11, we reveal the product chain-length determination mechanism of SC-PTs and interpret it as a "three floors" model. Using this model, we identified a novel GFPPS clade distributed in Brassicaceae plants and found that the GFPPS gene typically occurs in tandem with a gene encoding a TPS, forming a GFPPS-TPS gene cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyuan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Qingwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Dongjie Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianxu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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74
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Ring-closing metathesis as key step in the synthesis of Luffarin I, 16-epi-Luffarin I and Luffarin A. Mol Divers 2015; 20:369-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-015-9638-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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75
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Abstract
This review covers the literature published in 2013 for marine natural products (MNPs), with 982 citations (644 for the period January to December 2013) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1163 for 2013), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Reviews, biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Blunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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76
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Hog DT, Huber FME, Jiménez-Osés G, Mayer P, Houk KN, Trauner D. Evolution of a Unified Strategy for Complex Sesterterpenoids: Progress toward Astellatol and the Total Synthesis of (-)-Nitidasin. Chemistry 2015; 21:13646-65. [PMID: 26300211 PMCID: PMC4696511 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Astellatol and nitidasin belong to a subset of sesterterpenoids that share a sterically encumbered trans-hydrindane motif with an isopropyl substituent. In addition, these natural products feature intriguing polycyclic ring systems, posing significant challenges for chemical synthesis. Herein, the evolution of our stereoselective strategy for isopropyl trans-hydrindane sesterterpenoids is detailed. These endeavors included the synthesis of several building blocks, enabling studies toward all molecules of this terpenoid subclass, and of advanced intermediates of our initial route toward a biomimetic synthesis of astellatol. These findings provided the basis for a second-generation and a third-generation approach toward astellatol that eventually culminated in the enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-nitidasin. In particular, a series of substrate-controlled transformations to install the ten stereogenic centers of the target molecule was orchestrated and the carbocyclic backbone was forged in a convergent fashion. Furthermore, the progress toward the synthesis of astellatol is disclosed and insights into some observed yet unexpected diastereoselectivities by detailed quantum-mechanical calculations are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Hog
- Department for Chemistry and Center of Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandstr. 5-13, 81377 München (Germany)
- Present address: Bayer Health Care, Bayer Pharma AG, BPH-GDD-CGEI-MCB-MCII, Müllerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Florian M E Huber
- Department for Chemistry and Center of Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandstr. 5-13, 81377 München (Germany)
| | - Gonzalo Jiménez-Osés
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095 (USA).
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department for Chemistry and Center of Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandstr. 5-13, 81377 München (Germany)
| | - Kendall N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095 (USA)
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department for Chemistry and Center of Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandstr. 5-13, 81377 München (Germany).
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77
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Matsuda Y, Mitsuhashi T, Quan Z, Abe I. Molecular Basis for Stellatic Acid Biosynthesis: A Genome Mining Approach for Discovery of Sesterterpene Synthases. Org Lett 2015; 17:4644-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Matsuda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takaaki Mitsuhashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Zhiyang Quan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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78
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Kurimoto SI, Pu JX, Sun HD, Takaishi Y, Kashiwada Y. Coleifolides A and B, Two New Sesterterpenoids from the Aerial Parts ofScutellaria coleifoliaH.Lév. Chem Biodivers 2015; 12:1200-7. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201400248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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79
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Cutignano A, Moles J, Avila C, Fontana A. Granuloside, A Unique Linear Homosesterterpene from the Antarctic Nudibranch Charcotia granulosa. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:1761-1764. [PMID: 26177282 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A new homosesterterpene with a unique linear skeleton, named granuloside (1), has been fully characterized from the Antarctic nudibranch Charcotia granulosa Vayssière, 1906 (Mollusca: Gastropoda). The planar structure of 1 was determined by extensive spectroscopic techniques on the methyl derivatives (1a and 1b), and the R absolute configuration at C-4 is suggested by comparison of experimental and calculated ECD spectra of 1b. Granuloside (1) is the first linear homosesterterpene skeleton ever reported and, despite the low molecular complexity, its chemical structure poses many questions about its biogenesis and origin in the nudibranch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Cutignano
- †Bio-Organic Chemistry Lab, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Juan Moles
- ‡Department of Animal Biology (Invertebrates) and Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBIO), University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Conxita Avila
- ‡Department of Animal Biology (Invertebrates) and Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBIO), University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Angelo Fontana
- †Bio-Organic Chemistry Lab, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
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80
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Bender M, Schmidtmann M, Summons RE, Rullkötter J, Christoffers J. A Geomimetic Approach to the Formation and Identification of Fossil Sterane Biomarkers in Crude Oil: 18-nor-D-homo-Androstane and 5α,14β-Androstane. Chemistry 2015; 21:12501-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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81
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Urosa A, Marcos IS, Díez D, Padrón JM, Basabe P. Synthesis of Luffarin L and 16-epi-Luffarin L Using a Temporary Silicon-Tethered Ring-Closing Metathesis Reaction. J Org Chem 2015; 80:6447-55. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Urosa
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza de los Caídos, 1-5, 37008, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Isidro S. Marcos
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza de los Caídos, 1-5, 37008, Salamanca, Spain
| | - David Díez
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza de los Caídos, 1-5, 37008, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José M. Padrón
- BioLab,
Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González”
(IUBO-AG), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias
(CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez
2, 38206, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Pilar Basabe
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza de los Caídos, 1-5, 37008, Salamanca, Spain
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82
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Urosa A, Marcos IS, Díez D, Lithgow A, Plata GB, Padrón JM, Basabe P. Synthesis and bioactivity of Luffarin I. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:2407-23. [PMID: 25903281 PMCID: PMC4413218 DOI: 10.3390/md13042407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The first synthesis of Luffarin I, sesterterpenolide isolated from sponge Luffariella geometrica, has been accomplished from commercially available sclareol. The key strategy involved in this synthesis is the diastereoselective reduction of an intermediate ketone. Luffarin I against human solid tumor cell lines showed antiproliferative activities (GI50) in the range 12–17 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Urosa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Faculty, University of Salamanca, Plaza de los Caídos 1-5, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Isidro S Marcos
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Faculty, University of Salamanca, Plaza de los Caídos 1-5, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - David Díez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Faculty, University of Salamanca, Plaza de los Caídos 1-5, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Anna Lithgow
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Service, University of Salamanca, Plaza de los Caídos 1-5, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Gabriela B Plata
- BioLab, University Institute of Bio-Organic "Antonio González" (IUBO-AG), Centre of Biomedicine Research of Canarias (CIBICAN), University of La Laguna, C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain.
| | - José M Padrón
- BioLab, University Institute of Bio-Organic "Antonio González" (IUBO-AG), Centre of Biomedicine Research of Canarias (CIBICAN), University of La Laguna, C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain.
| | - Pilar Basabe
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Faculty, University of Salamanca, Plaza de los Caídos 1-5, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
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83
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Zhang C, Liu Y. Targeting cancer with sesterterpenoids: the new potential antitumor drugs. J Nat Med 2015; 69:255-66. [PMID: 25894074 PMCID: PMC4506451 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-015-0911-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cancer remains a major cause of death in the world to date. A variety of anticancer drugs have been used in clinical chemotherapy, acting on the particular oncogenic abnormalities that are responsible for malignant transformation and progression. Interestingly, some of these anticancer drugs are developed from natural sources such as plants, marine organisms, and microorganisms. Over the past decades, a family of naturally occuring molecules, namely sesterterpenoids, has been isolated from different organisms and they exhibit significant potential in the inhibition of tumor cells in vitro, while the molecular targets of these compounds and their functional mechanisms are still obscure. In this review, we summarize and discuss the functions of these sesterterpenoids in the inhibition of cancer cells. Moreover, we also highlight and discuss chemical structure–activity relationships of some compounds, demonstrating their pervasiveness and importance in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiguo Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA,
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84
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Martín M, Urosa A, Marcos IS, Díez D, Padrón JM, Basabe P. Biomimetic Synthesis of Two Salmahyrtisanes: Salmahyrtisol A and Hippospongide A. J Org Chem 2015; 80:4566-72. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Martín
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza de los Caidos 1-5, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Aitor Urosa
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza de los Caidos 1-5, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Isidro S. Marcos
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza de los Caidos 1-5, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - David Díez
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza de los Caidos 1-5, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - José M. Padrón
- BioLab,
Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González
“ (IUBO-AG), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de
Canarias (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez
2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Pilar Basabe
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza de los Caidos 1-5, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
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85
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Hubert JG, Furkert DP, Brimble MA. Preparation of cis-γ-Hydroxycarvone Derivatives for Synthesis of Sesterterpenoid Natural Products: Total Synthesis of Phorbin A. J Org Chem 2015; 80:2231-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502748s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G. Hubert
- School of Chemical Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular
Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Daniel. P. Furkert
- School of Chemical Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular
Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular
Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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86
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Hassan MH, Rateb ME, Hetta M, Abdelaziz TA, Sleim MA, Jaspars M, Mohammed R. Scalarane sesterterpenes from the Egyptian Red Sea sponge Phyllospongia lamellosa. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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87
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Affiliation(s)
- Inho Yang
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, NS-80, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Sang-Jip Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Global Top5 Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Heonjoong Kang
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, NS-80, Seoul 151-747, Korea
- Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, NS-80, Seoul 151-747, Korea
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88
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Moridi Farimani M, Mazarei Z. Sesterterpenoids and other constituents from Salvia lachnocalyx Hedge. Fitoterapia 2014; 98:234-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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89
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New hippolide derivatives with protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitory activity from the marine sponge Hippospongia lachne. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:4096-109. [PMID: 25007159 PMCID: PMC4113817 DOI: 10.3390/md12074096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Five new sesterterpenoids, compounds 1–5, have been isolated from the sponge Hippospongia lachne off Yongxing Island in the South China Sea. The structures of compounds 1–5 were elucidated through extensive spectroscopic analysis, including HRMS, 1D, and 2D NMR experiments. The stereochemistry, including absolute configurations of these compounds, was determined by spectroscopic, chemical, and computational methods. Compounds 1 and 5 showed moderate protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 5.2 μM and 8.7 μM, respectively, more potent than previously reported hippolides.
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90
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Barbosa LR, Vieira YW, Lacerda V, de Oliveira KT, dos Santos RB, Greco SJ, Neto AC, de Castro EVR, Brocksom TJ. Unequivocal structural assignments of three cycloheptenoid intermediates for guaiane sesquiterpenes: an experimental and theoretical approach. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2014; 52:318-328. [PMID: 24723362 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Layla R Barbosa
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari 514, 29.075-910, Vitória, ES, Brazil
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91
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Ebrahimi SN, Farimani MM, Mirzania F, Soltanipoor MA, De Mieri M, Hamburger M. Manoyloxide Sesterterpenoids from Salvia mirzayanii. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:848-854. [PMID: 24689905 DOI: 10.1021/np400948n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Five new manoyloxide-type sesterterpenes were isolated from aerial parts of Salvia mirzayanii, a species endemic to Iran. The planar structures were established by means of 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS. Compounds 1-3 differed only in their configurations at C-13 and C-14. Assignment of relative and absolute configurations was achieved by NOESY experiments and by comparison of experimental and simulated ECD spectra of possible stereoisomers. The absolute configurations of 4 and 5 were established in a similar manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samad N Ebrahimi
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University , G. C., Evin, Tehran, Iran
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92
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Abstract
The natural product sesquiterpenyl indoles are structural hybrids from farnesyl pyrophosphate and tryptophan or its precursors, often with unusual and complex structural features, many of them with interesting biological activities. In this review the compounds of this class known until now are classified, a biosynthetic approach of each group is proposed and a review of the synthesis or synthetic approaches is communicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidro S Marcos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza de los Caidos 1-5, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
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93
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Wang B, Wang L, Li Y, Liu Y. Heterocyclic terpenes: linear furano- and pyrroloterpenoids. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra48040b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review of furano- and pyrroloterpenoids covers the literature, 180 articles in all, published from January 2006 to December 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou, China
- Shenzhen Shajing Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Lishu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou, China
- Jilin Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences
| | - Yinglei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou, China
- Jilin Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences
| | - Yonghong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou, China
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94
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95
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Xiao Z, Huang H, Shao C, Xia X, Ma L, Huang X, Lu Y, Lin Y, Long Y, She Z. Asperterpenols A and B, New Sesterterpenoids Isolated from a Mangrove Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus sp. 085242. Org Lett 2013; 15:2522-5. [PMID: 23642191 DOI: 10.1021/ol401005j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ze’en Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China, and School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, 348 West Outer Ring Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huarong Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China, and School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, 348 West Outer Ring Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Changlun Shao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China, and School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, 348 West Outer Ring Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xuekui Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China, and School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, 348 West Outer Ring Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lin Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China, and School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, 348 West Outer Ring Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xishan Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China, and School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, 348 West Outer Ring Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yongjun Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China, and School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, 348 West Outer Ring Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yongcheng Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China, and School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, 348 West Outer Ring Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuhua Long
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China, and School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, 348 West Outer Ring Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhigang She
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China, and School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, 348 West Outer Ring Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
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96
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Li CH, Jing SX, Luo SH, Shi W, Hua J, Liu Y, Li XN, Schneider B, Gershenzon J, Li SH. Peltate Glandular Trichomes of Colquhounia coccinea var. mollis Harbor a New Class of Defensive Sesterterpenoids. Org Lett 2013; 15:1694-7. [PMID: 23517125 DOI: 10.1021/ol4004756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Huan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Xi Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Hong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Juan Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Nian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bernd Schneider
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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