51
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Prianichnikov N, Koch H, Koch S, Lubeck M, Heilig R, Brehmer S, Fischer R, Cox J. MaxQuant Software for Ion Mobility Enhanced Shotgun Proteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:1058-1069. [PMID: 32156793 PMCID: PMC7261821 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.tir119.001720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion mobility can add a dimension to LC-MS based shotgun proteomics which has the potential to boost proteome coverage, quantification accuracy and dynamic range. Required for this is suitable software that extracts the information contained in the four-dimensional (4D) data space spanned by m/z, retention time, ion mobility and signal intensity. Here we describe the ion mobility enhanced MaxQuant software, which utilizes the added data dimension. It offers an end to end computational workflow for the identification and quantification of peptides and proteins in LC-IMS-MS/MS shotgun proteomics data. We apply it to trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) coupled to a quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) analyzer. A highly parallelizable 4D feature detection algorithm extracts peaks which are assembled to isotope patterns. Masses are recalibrated with a non-linear m/z, retention time, ion mobility and signal intensity dependent model, based on peptides from the sample. A new matching between runs (MBR) algorithm that utilizes collisional cross section (CCS) values of MS1 features in the matching process significantly gains specificity from the extra dimension. Prerequisite for using CCS values in MBR is a relative alignment of the ion mobility values between the runs. The missing value problem in protein quantification over many samples is greatly reduced by CCS aware MBR.MS1 level label-free quantification is also implemented which proves to be highly precise and accurate on a benchmark dataset with known ground truth. MaxQuant for LC-IMS-MS/MS is part of the basic MaxQuant release and can be downloaded from http://maxquant.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Prianichnikov
- Computational Systems Biochemistry Research Group, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Heiner Koch
- Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Farenheitstr. 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Scarlet Koch
- Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Farenheitstr. 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Markus Lubeck
- Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Farenheitstr. 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Raphael Heilig
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sven Brehmer
- Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Farenheitstr. 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Roman Fischer
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jürgen Cox
- Computational Systems Biochemistry Research Group, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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52
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Allers M, Kirk AT, von Roßbitzky N, Erdogdu D, Hillen R, Wissdorf W, Benter T, Zimmermann S. Analyzing Positive Reactant Ions in High Kinetic Energy Ion Mobility Spectrometry (HiKE-IMS) by HiKE-IMS-MS. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:812-821. [PMID: 32233385 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.9b00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to classical ion mobility spectrometers (IMS) operating at ambient pressure, the high kinetic energy ion mobility spectrometer (HiKE-IMS) is operated at reduced pressures between 10-40 mbar. In HiKE-IMS, ions are generated in a reaction region before they are separated in a drift region. Due to the operation at reduced pressure, it is possible to reach high reduced electric field strengths up to 120 Td in both the reaction as well as drift region, resulting in a pronounced decrease in chemical cross sensitivities and a significant enhancement of the dynamic range. Until now though, only limited knowledge about the ionization pathways in HiKE-IMS is available. Typically, proton bound water clusters, H+(H2O)n, are the most abundant positive reactant ion species in classical IMS with atmospheric chemical ionization sources. However, at reduced pressure and increased effective ion temperature, the reactant ion population significantly changes. As the ionization efficiency of analyte molecules in HiKE-IMS strongly depends on the reactant ion population, a detailed knowledge of the reactant ion population generated in HiKE-IMS is essential. Here, we present a coupling stage of the HiKE-IMS to a mass spectrometer enabling the identification of ion species and the investigation of ion molecule reactions prevailing in HiKE-IMS. In the present study, the HiKE-IMS-MS is used to identify positive reactant ion populations in both, purified air and nitrogen, respectively. The experimental data suggest the generation of systems of clustered primary ions (H+(H2O)n, NO+(H2O)m, and O2+(H2O)p), which most probably serve as reactant ions. Their relative abundances highly depend on the reduced electric field strength in the reaction region. Furthermore, their effective mobilities are studied as a function of the reduced electric field strength in the drift region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Allers
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Appelstraße 9a, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ansgar T Kirk
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Appelstraße 9a, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nikolaj von Roßbitzky
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Appelstraße 9a, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Duygu Erdogdu
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gauss Strasse 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Robin Hillen
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gauss Strasse 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Walter Wissdorf
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gauss Strasse 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Thorsten Benter
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gauss Strasse 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Stefan Zimmermann
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Appelstraße 9a, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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53
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Laurini E, Andreani S, Muselli A, Pricl S, Tintaru A. Direct Identification of α-Bisabolol Enantiomers in an Essential Oil Using a Combined Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry/Quantum Chemistry Approach. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020:acs.jnatprod.9b00982. [PMID: 32212660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Enantiomer-specific identification of chiral molecules in natural extracts is a challenging task, as many routine analytical techniques fail to provide selectivity in multicomponent mixtures. Here we describe an alternative approach, based on the combination of ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) and quantum chemistry (QM), for the direct enantiomers differentiation in crude essential oils. The identification of α-bisabolol enantiomers contained in the raw essential oil (EO) from the Corsican Xanthium italicum fruits is reported as a proof-of-concept. Accordingly, IM-MS experiments performed in Ag+-doped methanol revealed the presence of both (+)- and (-)-α-bisabolol in the EO, while molecular simulations provided the structures of the two α-bisabolol enantiomer silver(I) adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Laurini
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTS), DEA, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Stéphane Andreani
- Université de Corse, UMR CNRS 6134 SPE, Laboratoire Chimie des Produits Naturels (CPN), Campus Grimaldi, BP 52, 20250 Corte, France
| | - Alain Muselli
- Université de Corse, UMR CNRS 6134 SPE, Laboratoire Chimie des Produits Naturels (CPN), Campus Grimaldi, BP 52, 20250 Corte, France
| | - Sabrina Pricl
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTS), DEA, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-136 Lodz, Poland
| | - Aura Tintaru
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, UMR7273, 13397 Marseille, France
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54
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Dodds JN, Hopkins ZR, Knappe DRU, Baker ES. Rapid Characterization of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) by Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry (IMS-MS). Anal Chem 2020; 92:4427-4435. [PMID: 32011866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are an ensemble of persistent organic pollutants of global interest because of their associations with adverse health outcomes. Currently, environmental PFAS pollution is prolific as a result of the widespread manufacturing of these compounds and their chemical persistence. In this work, we demonstrate the advantages of adding ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) separation to existing LC-MS workflows for PFAS analysis. Using a commercially available drift tube IMS-MS, we characterized PFAS species and isomeric content in both analytical standards and environmental water samples. Molecular trendlines based on intrinsic mass and structural relationships were also explored for individual PFAS subclasses (e.g. PFSA, PFCA, etc.). Results from rapid IMS-MS analyses provided a link between mass and collision cross sections (CCS) for specific PFAS families and are linked to compositional differences in molecular structure. In addition, CCS values provide additional confidence of annotating prioritized features in untargeted screening studies for potential environmental pollutants. Results from this study show that the IMS separation provides novel information to support traditional LC-MS PFAS analyses and will greatly benefit the evaluation of unknown pollutants in future environmental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Dodds
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Zachary R Hopkins
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27696, United States
| | - Detlef R U Knappe
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27696, United States
| | - Erin S Baker
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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55
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Fenclova M, Stranska-Zachariasova M, Benes F, Novakova A, Jonatova P, Kren V, Vitek L, Hajslova J. Liquid chromatography-drift tube ion mobility-mass spectrometry as a new challenging tool for the separation and characterization of silymarin flavonolignans. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:819-832. [PMID: 31919606 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02274-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Silymarin, milk thistle (Silybum marianum) extract, contains a mixture of mostly isomeric bioactive flavonoids and flavonolignans that are extensively studied, especially for their possible liver-protective and anticancer effects. Because of the differing bioactivities of individual isomeric compounds, characterization of their proportion in a mixture is highly important for predicting its effect on health. However, because of silymarin's complexity, this is hardly feasible by common analytical techniques. In this work, ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with drift tube ion mobility spectrometry and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used. Eleven target silymarin compounds (taxifolin, isosilychristin, silychristins A and B, silydianin, silybins A and B, 2,3-cis-silybin B, isosilybins A and B and 2,3-dehydrosilybin) and five unknown flavonolignan isomers detected in the milk thistle extract were fully separated in a 14.5-min analysis run. All the compounds were characterized on the basis of their accurate mass, retention time, drift time, collision cross section and fragmentation spectra. The quantitative approach based on evaluation of the ion mobility data demonstrated lower detection limits, an extended linear range and total separation of interferences from the compounds of interest compared with the traditional approach based on evaluation of liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry data. The following analysis of a batch of milk thistle-based food supplements revealed significant variability in the silymarin pattern, especially in the content of silychristin A and silybins A and B. This newly developed method might have high application potential, especially for the characterization of materials intended for bioactivity studies in which information on the exact silymarin composition plays a crucial role. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Fenclova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Milena Stranska-Zachariasova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Frantisek Benes
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Novakova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Jonatova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Kren
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Vitek
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics and 4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine and Faculty General Hospital, Charles University, Katerinska 32, 12108, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hajslova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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56
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Trapped ion mobility spectrometry and PASEF enable in-depth lipidomics from minimal sample amounts. Nat Commun 2020; 11:331. [PMID: 31949144 PMCID: PMC6965134 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14044-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive characterization of the lipidome from limited starting material remains very challenging. Here we report a high-sensitivity lipidomics workflow based on nanoflow liquid chromatography and trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS). Taking advantage of parallel accumulation–serial fragmentation (PASEF), we fragment on average 15 precursors in each of 100 ms TIMS scans, while maintaining the full mobility resolution of co-eluting isomers. The acquisition speed of over 100 Hz allows us to obtain MS/MS spectra of the vast majority of isotope patterns. Analyzing 1 µL of human plasma, PASEF increases the number of identified lipids more than three times over standard TIMS-MS/MS, achieving attomole sensitivity. Building on high intra- and inter-laboratory precision and accuracy of TIMS collisional cross sections (CCS), we compile 1856 lipid CCS values from plasma, liver and cancer cells. Our study establishes PASEF in lipid analysis and paves the way for sensitive, ion mobility-enhanced lipidomics in four dimensions. Trapped ion mobility (TIMS)-mass spectrometry with parallel accumulation-serial fragmentation (PASEF) facilitates high-sensitivity proteomics experiments. Here, the authors expand TIMS and PASEF to small molecules and demonstrate fast and comprehensive lipidomics of low biological sample amounts.
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57
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Dodds JN, Baker ES. Ion Mobility Spectrometry: Fundamental Concepts, Instrumentation, Applications, and the Road Ahead. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:2185-2195. [PMID: 31493234 PMCID: PMC6832852 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02288-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is a rapid separation technique that has experienced exponential growth as a field of study. Interfacing IMS with mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) provides additional analytical power as complementary separations from each technique enable multidimensional characterization of detected analytes. IMS separations occur on a millisecond timescale, and therefore can be readily nested into traditional GC and LC/MS workflows. However, the continual development of novel IMS methods has generated some level of confusion regarding the advantages and disadvantages of each. In this critical insight, we aim to clarify some common misconceptions for new users in the community pertaining to the fundamental concepts of the various IMS instrumental platforms (i.e., DTIMS, TWIMS, TIMS, FAIMS, and DMA), while addressing the strengths and shortcomings associated with each. Common IMS-MS applications are also discussed in this review, such as separating isomeric species, performing signal filtering for MS, and incorporating collision cross-section (CCS) values into both targeted and untargeted omics-based workflows as additional ion descriptors for chemical annotation. Although many challenges must be addressed by the IMS community before mobility information is collected in a routine fashion, the future is bright with possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Dodds
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Erin S Baker
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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58
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McCulloch RD, Amo-González M. Rapid detection of explosive vapors by thermal desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization differential mobility analysis tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:1455-1463. [PMID: 31141621 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The increased frequency in the number of international terror threats has led to a corresponding increase in demand for fast, sensitive and reliable screening methods suitable for the detection of airborne explosive vapors. We demonstrate herein a workflow suitable for the determination of nitrogen-based explosives at the picogram level in just minutes. METHODS A method is described that combines Thermal Desorption (TD) sample introduction with Differential Mobility Analysis (DMA) Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MS/MS), enabling a sensitive and accurate workflow suitable for the rapid detection of trace nitroaromatic, nitroester and nitramine explosive vapors. The methods are bridged using a novel low-flow, field-free Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization (APPI) source, intended specifically for the analysis of gas-phase analytes and airborne particles. RESULTS Limits of detection within or below the picogram range were determined for the analysis of a range of explosives standards including 2,6-DNT, TNT, TATB, Tetryl, RDX, EGDN, PETN, HMX, and NG. Practical application of the TD-APPI-DMA-MS/MS workflow was demonstrated for the detection of real trace explosive vapors produced from the volatilization of solid explosive samples stored within a sealed cardboard box. A single complete analysis was performed in less than 2 min. CONCLUSIONS The highly sensitive and accurate detection of a variety of common nitrogen-based explosive vapors has been demonstrated, at levels suitable for practical, high-throughput security screening applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross D McCulloch
- Dept. of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mario Amo-González
- Sociedad Europea de Analisis Diferencial de Movilidad SL, Boecillo, Spain
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59
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Winter DL, Mastellone J, Kabir KMM, Wilkins MR, Donald WA. Separation of Isobaric Mono- and Dimethylated RGG-Repeat Peptides by Differential Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2019; 91:11827-11833. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Winter
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jordan Mastellone
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - K. M. Mohibul Kabir
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Marc R. Wilkins
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - William A. Donald
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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60
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Yeap D, Hichwa PT, Rajapakse MY, Peirano DJ, McCartney MM, Kenyon NJ, Davis CE. Machine Vision Methods, Natural Language Processing, and Machine Learning Algorithms for Automated Dispersion Plot Analysis and Chemical Identification from Complex Mixtures. Anal Chem 2019; 91:10509-10517. [PMID: 31310101 PMCID: PMC9889188 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gas-phase trace chemical detection techniques such as ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) can be used in many settings, such as evaluating the health condition of patients or detecting explosives at airports. These devices separate chemical compounds in a mixture and provide information to identify specific chemical species of interest. Further, these types of devices operate well in both controlled lab environments and in-field applications. Frequently, the commercial versions of these devices are highly tailored for niche applications (e.g., explosives detection) because of the difficulty involved in reconfiguring instrumentation hardware and data analysis software algorithms. In order for researchers to quickly adapt these tools for new purposes and broader panels of chemical targets, it is critical to develop new algorithms and methods for generating libraries of these sensor responses. Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technology has been used to fabricate DMS devices that miniaturize the platforms for easier deployment; however, concurrent advances in advanced data analytics are lagging. DMS generates complex three-dimensional dispersion plots for both positive and negative ions in a mixture. Although simple spectra of single chemicals are straightforward to interpret (both visually and via algorithms), it is exceedingly challenging to interpret dispersion plots from complex mixtures with many chemical constituents. This study uses image processing and computer vision steps to automatically identify features from DMS dispersion plots. We used the bag-of-words approach adapted from natural language processing and information retrieval to cluster and organize these features. Finally, a support vector machine (SVM) learning algorithm was trained using these features in order to detect and classify specific compounds in these represented conceptualized data outputs. Using this approach, we successfully maintain a high level of correct chemical identification, even when a gas mixture increases in complexity with interfering chemicals present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Yeap
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Paul T. Hichwa
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Maneeshin Y. Rajapakse
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Daniel J. Peirano
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Mitchell M. McCartney
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Kenyon
- Department of Internal Medicine, 4150 V Street, Suite 3400, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA,Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA,VA Northern California Health Care System, 10535 Hospital Way, Mather, CA 95655, USA
| | - Cristina E. Davis
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA,Corresponding Author (CED)
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61
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Ridgeway ME, Bleiholder C, Mann M, Park MA. Trends in trapped ion mobility – Mass spectrometry instrumentation. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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62
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Possible strategy to use differential mobility spectrometry in real time applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12127-019-00251-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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63
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Monge ME, Dodds JN, Baker ES, Edison AS, Fernández FM. Challenges in Identifying the Dark Molecules of Life. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2019; 12:177-199. [PMID: 30883183 PMCID: PMC6716371 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061318-114959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics is the study of the metabolome, the collection of small molecules in living organisms, cells, tissues, and biofluids. Technological advances in mass spectrometry, liquid- and gas-phase separations, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and big data analytics have now made it possible to study metabolism at an omics or systems level. The significance of this burgeoning scientific field cannot be overstated: It impacts disciplines ranging from biomedicine to plant science. Despite these advances, the central bottleneck in metabolomics remains the identification of key metabolites that play a class-discriminant role. Because metabolites do not follow a molecular alphabet as proteins and nucleic acids do, their identification is much more time consuming, with a high failure rate. In this review, we critically discuss the state-of-the-art in metabolite identification with specific applications in metabolomics and how technologies such as mass spectrometry, ion mobility, chromatography, and nuclear magnetic resonance currently contribute to this challenging task.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Monge
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1425FQD, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - James N Dodds
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Erin S Baker
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Arthur S Edison
- Department of Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Facundo M Fernández
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology and Petit Institute for Biochemistry and Bioscience, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA;
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64
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Piendl SK, Raddatz CR, Hartner NT, Thoben C, Warias R, Zimmermann S, Belder D. 2D in Seconds: Coupling of Chip-HPLC with Ion Mobility Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2019; 91:7613-7620. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian K. Piendl
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian-Robert Raddatz
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Department of Sensors and Measurement Technology, Appelstrasse 9A, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nora T. Hartner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Thoben
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Department of Sensors and Measurement Technology, Appelstrasse 9A, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Rico Warias
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Zimmermann
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Department of Sensors and Measurement Technology, Appelstrasse 9A, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Detlev Belder
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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65
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Zhao B, Zhuang X, Bian X, Pi Z, Liu S, Liu Z, Song F. Effects of aprotic solvents on the stability of metal-free superoxide dismutase probed by native electrospray ionization-ion mobility-mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2019; 54:351-358. [PMID: 30734979 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Considering that aprotic solvents are often used as cosolvents in investigating the interactions between small molecules and proteins, we assessed the effects of five aprotic solvents represented by dimethylformamide (DMF) on the structure stabilities of metal-free SOD1 (apo-SOD1) by native electrospray ionization-ion mobility-mass spectrometry (ESI-IM-MS). These aprotic solvents include DMF, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), acetonitrile (ACN), and tetrahydrofuran (THF). Results indicated that DMI, DMSO, and DMF at low percentage concentration could reduce the average charge and the dimer dissociation of apo-SOD1. By contrast, ACN and THF at low concentration have no similar effect. DMF was selected as a representative solvent to further investigate the detailed effects on the structure stability of apo-SOD1 by using collision-induced dissociation and unfolding. The results reveal that the addition of minimal DMF to an aqueous protein solution can protect against the unfolding and dissociation of dimer, even under destabilizing conditions (such as low pH or high cone voltage). When the different percentage concentrations of DMF were added, the average collision cross section of apo-SOD1 showed that apo-SOD1 became compacted when the DMF concentration increased from 0% to 1% and eventually started extending when increased from 1% to 20%. The results indicated that DMF has similar effects to DMSO in native mass spectrometry (MS) and it can also be used as a cosolvent besides DMSO in investigating the stabilities of proteins and the interactions between small molecules and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhao
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhuang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Bian
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zifeng Pi
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Shu Liu
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Fengrui Song
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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66
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Steinbach J, Goedicke-Fritz S, Tutdibi E, Stutz R, Kaiser E, Meyer S, Baumbach JI, Zemlin M. Bedside Measurement of Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere of Neonatal Incubators Using Ion Mobility Spectrometry. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:248. [PMID: 31275910 PMCID: PMC6591267 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Early and non-invasive diagnosis of common diseases is of great importance in the care of preterm infants. We hypothesized that volatile organic compounds (VOC) can be successfully measured in the neonatal incubator atmosphere. Methods: This is a feasibility study to investigate whether the discrimination of occupied and unoccupied neonatal incubators is possible by bedside measurement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on the neonatal intensive care unit. VOC profiles were measured in the incubator air using ion mobility spectrometry coupled to multi-capillary columns (BreathDiscovery B&S Analytik GmbH, Dortmund, Germany). Results: Seventeen incubators occupied by preterm infants (50 measurements) and nine unoccupied neonatal incubators were sampled, using 37 room air measurements as controls. Three VOC signals that allow the discrimination between occupied and unoccupied incubators were identified. The best discrimination was reached by peak P20 exhibiting a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 94.0, 88.9, 97.3, and 72.3%, respectively. Use of a decision tree improved these values to 100.0, 88.9, 98.0, and 100.0%, respectively. Discussion: A bedside method that allows the characterization of VOC profiles in the neonatal incubator atmosphere using ion mobility spectrometry was established. Occupied and unoccupied incubators could be discriminated by characterizing VOC profiles. This technique has the potential to yield results within minutes. Thus, future studies are recommended to test the hypothesis that VOCs within neonatal incubators are useful biomarkers for non-invasive diagnostics in preterm neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Steinbach
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Reutlingen University, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Sybelle Goedicke-Fritz
- Department of General Paediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Germany
| | - Erol Tutdibi
- Department of General Paediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Germany
| | - Regine Stutz
- Department of General Paediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kaiser
- Department of General Paediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Meyer
- Department of General Paediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Ingo Baumbach
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Reutlingen University, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Michael Zemlin
- Department of General Paediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Germany
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67
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Abstract
Until very recently, handheld spectrometers were the domain of major analytical and security instrument companies, with turnkey analyzers using spectroscopic techniques from X-ray fluorescence (XRF) for elemental analysis (metals), to Raman, mid-infrared, and near-infrared (NIR) for molecular analysis (mostly organics). However, the past few years have seen rapid changes in this landscape with the introduction of handheld laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), smartphone spectroscopy focusing on medical diagnostics for low-resource areas, commercial engines that a variety of companies can build up into products, hyphenated or dual technology instruments, low-cost visible-shortwave NIR instruments selling directly to the public, and, most recently, portable hyperspectral imaging instruments. Successful handheld instruments are designed to give answers to non-scientist operators; therefore, their developers have put extensive resources into reliable identification algorithms, spectroscopic libraries or databases, and qualitative and quantitative calibrations. As spectroscopic instruments become smaller and lower cost, "engines" have emerged, leading to the possibility of being incorporated in consumer devices and smart appliances, part of the Internet of Things (IOT). This review outlines the technologies used in portable spectroscopy, discusses their applications, both qualitative and quantitative, and how instrument developers and vendors have approached giving actionable answers to non-scientists. It outlines concerns on crowdsourced data, especially for heterogeneous samples, and finally looks towards the future in areas like IOT, emerging technologies for instruments, and portable hyphenated and hyperspectral instruments.
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68
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Meier F, Brunner AD, Koch S, Koch H, Lubeck M, Krause M, Goedecke N, Decker J, Kosinski T, Park MA, Bache N, Hoerning O, Cox J, Räther O, Mann M. Online Parallel Accumulation-Serial Fragmentation (PASEF) with a Novel Trapped Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometer. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:2534-2545. [PMID: 30385480 PMCID: PMC6283298 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.tir118.000900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 523] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In bottom-up proteomics, peptides are separated by liquid chromatography with elution peak widths in the range of seconds, whereas mass spectra are acquired in about 100 microseconds with time-of-flight (TOF) instruments. This allows adding ion mobility as a third dimension of separation. Among several formats, trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) is attractive because of its small size, low voltage requirements and high efficiency of ion utilization. We have recently demonstrated a scan mode termed parallel accumulation - serial fragmentation (PASEF), which multiplies the sequencing speed without any loss in sensitivity (Meier et al., PMID: 26538118). Here we introduce the timsTOF Pro instrument, which optimally implements online PASEF. It features an orthogonal ion path into the ion mobility device, limiting the amount of debris entering the instrument and making it very robust in daily operation. We investigate different precursor selection schemes for shotgun proteomics to optimally allocate in excess of 100 fragmentation events per second. More than 600,000 fragmentation spectra in standard 120 min LC runs are achievable, which can be used for near exhaustive precursor selection in complex mixtures or accumulating the signal of weak precursors. In 120 min single runs of HeLa digest, MaxQuant identified more than 6,000 proteins without matching to a library and with high quantitative reproducibility (R > 0.97). Online PASEF achieves a remarkable sensitivity with more than 2,500 proteins identified in 30 min runs of only 10 ng HeLa digest. We also show that highly reproducible collisional cross sections can be acquired on a large scale (R > 0.99). PASEF on the timsTOF Pro is a valuable addition to the technological toolbox in proteomics, with a number of unique operating modes that are only beginning to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Meier
- Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Andreas-David Brunner
- Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Scarlet Koch
- Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Fahrenheitstr. 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Heiner Koch
- Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Fahrenheitstr. 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Markus Lubeck
- Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Fahrenheitstr. 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Michael Krause
- Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Fahrenheitstr. 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Niels Goedecke
- Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Fahrenheitstr. 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Jens Decker
- Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Fahrenheitstr. 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Thomas Kosinski
- Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Fahrenheitstr. 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Melvin A Park
- Bruker Daltonics Inc., Manning Road, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821
| | - Nicolai Bache
- Evosep Biosystems, Thriges Pl. 6, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Ole Hoerning
- Evosep Biosystems, Thriges Pl. 6, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Jürgen Cox
- Computational Systems Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Oliver Räther
- Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Fahrenheitstr. 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Matthias Mann
- Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; NNF Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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69
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Metal-ion free chiral analysis of amino acids as small as proline using high-definition differential ion mobility mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1036:172-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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70
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Ouyang H, Bo T, Zhang Z, Guo X, He M, Li J, Yang S, Ma X, Feng Y. Ion mobility mass spectrometry with molecular modelling to reveal bioactive isomer conformations and underlying relationship with isomerization. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:1931-1940. [PMID: 30151930 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE In medicine and drug development, molecular modelling is an important tool. It is attractive to develop a platform connecting the theoretical structural modelling and the results from experimental measurement. In addition, the separation and structural analysis of bioactive constituent isomers are still challenging tasks. METHODS Drift tube ion mobility (IM) mass spectrometry (MS) provides the experimental collision cross section (CCS) which contains the structural information. The experimental CCS can be compared with the calculated CCS of the molecular modelling structures. This technique is especially useful for bioactive constituents in herbal medicine because active isomers with the same chemical formula are common in these samples. IM helps separate and identify these isomers and reveals details about their structures and conformations. RESULTS Two model bioactive constituents, caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs) and dicaffeoylquinic acids (di-CQAs), were selected to systematically investigate the influence of solution, ion source conditions and ion heating on the isomer CCS distributions. By comparing the calculated CCS with the experimental value, we identified the favorable conformations of CQAs. The most compact conformation of a CQA was less likely to isomerize than the more extended conformation. It was found that the isomerization tendency was in accord with the conformation favorability. CONCLUSIONS This study offers an effective approach to predict and demystify the conformation and isomerization of the active constituents in herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ouyang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang, 330002, China
| | - Tao Bo
- Agilent Technologies, No. 3, Wang Jing Bei Lu, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Zhengxiang Zhang
- Agilent Technologies, No. 3, Wang Jing Bei Lu, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Xinqiu Guo
- Ming De Tian Sheng Biotech Inc., Changping Campus of Peking University, Beijing, 102200, China
| | - Mingzhen He
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang, 330002, China
| | - Junmao Li
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang, 330002, China
| | - Shilin Yang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang, 330002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, No. 56 Yangming Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Agilent Technologies, No. 3, Wang Jing Bei Lu, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Yulin Feng
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang, 330002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, No. 56 Yangming Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
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71
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Niyonsaba E, Manheim JM, Yerabolu R, Kenttämaa HI. Recent Advances in Petroleum Analysis by Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2018; 91:156-177. [PMID: 30428670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Niyonsaba
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jeremy M. Manheim
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ravikiran Yerabolu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Hilkka I. Kenttämaa
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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72
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Hollerbach A, Fedick PW, Cooks RG. Ion Mobility–Mass Spectrometry Using a Dual-Gated 3D Printed Ion Mobility Spectrometer. Anal Chem 2018; 90:13265-13272. [PMID: 30281279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hollerbach
- Chemistry Department, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Patrick W. Fedick
- Chemistry Department, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - R. Graham Cooks
- Chemistry Department, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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73
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Normal-inverse bimodule operation Hadamard transform ion mobility spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1029:44-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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74
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Vautz W, Franzke J, Zampolli S, Elmi I, Liedtke S. On the potential of ion mobility spectrometry coupled to GC pre-separation – A tutorial. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1024:52-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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75
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Anishchenko IM, McCartney MM, Fung AG, Peirano DJ, Schirle MJ, Kenyon NJ, Davis CE. Modular and reconfigurable gas chromatography / differential mobility spectrometry (GC/DMS) package for detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 21:125-136. [PMID: 31086501 DOI: 10.1007/s12127-018-0240-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Due to the versatility of present day microcontroller boards and open source development environments, new analytical chemistry devices can now be built outside of large industry and instead within smaller individual groups. While there are a wide range of commercial devices available for detecting and identifying volatile organic compounds (VOCs), most of these devices use their own proprietary software and complex custom electronics, making modifications or reconfiguration of the systems challenging. The development of microprocessors for general use, such as the Arduino prototyping platform, now enables custom chemical analysis instrumentation. We have created an example system using commercially available parts, centered around on differential mobility spectrometer (DMS) device. The Modular Reconfigurable Gas Chromatography - Differential Mobility Spectrometry package (MR-GC-DMS) has swappable components allowing it to be quickly reconfigured for specific application purposes as well as broad, generic use. The MR-GC-DMS has a custom user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI) and precisely tuned proportional-integral-derivative controller (PID) feedback control system managing individual temperature-sensitive components. Accurate temperature control programmed into the microcontroller greatly increases repeatability and system performance. Together, this open-source platform enables researchers to quickly combine DMS devices in customized configurations for new chemical sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya M Anishchenko
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Mitchell M McCartney
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Alexander G Fung
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Daniel J Peirano
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Michael J Schirle
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Nicholas J Kenyon
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, 4150 V Street, Suite 3400, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.,Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Cristina E Davis
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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76
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Pfammatter S, Bonneil E, McManus FP, Prasad S, Bailey DJ, Belford M, Dunyach JJ, Thibault P. A Novel Differential Ion Mobility Device Expands the Depth of Proteome Coverage and the Sensitivity of Multiplex Proteomic Measurements. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:2051-2067. [PMID: 30007914 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.tir118.000862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The depth of proteomic analyses is often limited by the overwhelming proportion of confounding background ions that compromise the identification and quantification of low abundance peptides. To alleviate these limitations, we present a new high field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) interface that can be coupled to the Orbitrap Tribrid mass spectrometers. The interface provides several advantages over previous generations of FAIMS devices, including ease of operation, robustness, and high ion transmission. Replicate LC-FAIMS-MS/MS analyses (n = 100) of HEK293 protein digests showed stable ion current over extended time periods with uniform peptide identification on more than 10,000 distinct peptides. For complex tryptic digest analyses, the coupling of FAIMS to LC-MS/MS enabled a 30% gain in unique peptide identification compared with non-FAIMS experiments. Improvement in sensitivity facilitated the identification of low abundance peptides, and extended the limit of detection by almost an order of magnitude. The reduction in chimeric MS/MS spectra using FAIMS also improved the precision and the number of quantifiable peptides when using isobaric labeling with tandem mass tag (TMT) 10-plex reagent. We compared quantitative proteomic measurements for LC-MS/MS analyses performed using synchronous precursor selection (SPS) and LC-FAIMS-MS/MS to profile the temporal changes in protein abundance of HEK293 cells following heat shock for periods up to 9 h. FAIMS provided 2.5-fold increase in the number of quantifiable peptides compared with non-FAIMS experiments (30,848 peptides from 2,646 proteins for FAIMS versus 12,400 peptides from 1,229 proteins with SPS). Altogether, the enhancement in ion transmission and duty cycle of the new FAIMS interface extended the depth and comprehensiveness of proteomic analyses and improved the precision of quantitative measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle Pfammatter
- From the ‡Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, H3T 1J4, Québec, Canada.,§University of Montréal, Department of Chemistry, H3T 1J4, Québec, Canada
| | - Eric Bonneil
- From the ‡Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, H3T 1J4, Québec, Canada
| | - Francis P McManus
- From the ‡Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, H3T 1J4, Québec, Canada
| | - Satendra Prasad
- ¶Thermo Fisher Scientific, San Jose, California 95134, United States
| | - Derek J Bailey
- ¶Thermo Fisher Scientific, San Jose, California 95134, United States
| | - Michael Belford
- ¶Thermo Fisher Scientific, San Jose, California 95134, United States
| | | | - Pierre Thibault
- From the ‡Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, H3T 1J4, Québec, Canada; .,§University of Montréal, Department of Chemistry, H3T 1J4, Québec, Canada
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77
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Casas-Ferreira AM, Nogal-Sánchez MD, Pérez-Pavón JL, Moreno-Cordero B. Non-separative mass spectrometry methods for non-invasive medical diagnostics based on volatile organic compounds: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1045:10-22. [PMID: 30454564 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this review, an assessment of non-separative methods based on mass spectrometry used to analyse volatile organic compounds in the field of bioanalysis is performed. The use of non-separative methods based on mass spectrometry has been established as an attractive option for analysing compounds. These instrumental configurations are suitable for biomedical applications because of their versatility, rapid output of results, and the wide range of volatile organic compounds that can be determined. Here, techniques such as headspace sampling coupled to mass spectrometry, membrane introduction mass spectrometry, selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry, proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry, secondary electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and ion mobility mass spectrometry, are evaluated. Samples involving non-invasive methods of collection, such as urine, saliva, breath and sweat, are mainly considered. To the best of our knowledge, a comprehensive review of all the non-separative instrumental configurations applied to the analysis of gaseous samples from all matrices non-invasively collected has not yet been carried out. The assessment of non-separative techniques for the analysis of these type of samples can be considered a key issue for future clinical applications, as they allow real-time sample analysis, without patient suffering. Any contribution to the early diagnosis of disease can be considered a priority for the scientific community. Therefore, the identification and determination of volatile organic compounds related to particular diseases has become an important field or research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Casas-Ferreira
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Miguel Del Nogal-Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - José Luis Pérez-Pavón
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Bernardo Moreno-Cordero
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
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78
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Halbfeld C, Baumbach JI, Blank LM, Ebert BE. Multi-capillary Column Ion Mobility Spectrometry of Volatile Metabolites for Phenotyping of Microorganisms. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1671:229-258. [PMID: 29170963 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7295-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Rational strain engineering requires solid testing of phenotypes including productivity and ideally contributes thereby directly to our understanding of the genotype-phenotype relationship. Actually, the test step of the strain engineering cycle becomes the limiting step, as ever advancing tools for generating genetic diversity exist. Here, we briefly define the challenge one faces in quantifying phenotypes and summarize existing analytical techniques that partially overcome this challenge. We argue that the evolution of volatile metabolites can be used as proxy for cellular metabolism. In the simplest case, the product of interest is a volatile (e.g., from bulk alcohols to special fragrances) that is directly quantified over time. But also nonvolatile products (e.g., from bulk long-chain fatty acids to natural products) require major flux rerouting that result potentially in altered volatile production. While alternative techniques for volatile determination exist, rather few can be envisaged for medium to high-throughput analysis required for phenotype testing. Here, we contribute a detailed protocol for an ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) analysis that allows volatile metabolite quantification down to the ppb range. The sensitivity can be exploited for small-scale fermentation monitoring. The insights shared might contribute to a more frequent use of IMS in biotechnology, while the experimental aspects are of general use for researchers interested in volatile monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Halbfeld
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jörg Ingo Baumbach
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry, Reutlingen University, 72762, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Birgitta E Ebert
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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79
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Prabhakaran A, Hamid AM, Garimella SVB, Valenzuela BR, Ewing RG, Ibrahim YM, Smith RD. A Hybrid Constant and Oscillatory Field Ion Mobility Analyzer Using Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29:342-351. [PMID: 29235041 PMCID: PMC5815952 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1841-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Here we explore the combination of constant and oscillatory fields applied in a single device to affect the continuous separation and filtering of ions based on their mobilities. The device explored allows confining and manipulating ions utilizing a combination of radio frequency (rf), direct current (DC) fields, and traveling waves (TW) in a structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM) module. We have investigated theoretically and experimentally a concept for continuous filtering of ions based on their mobilities where ions are mobility separated and selected by passage through two regions, both of which incorporated combined TW and constant fields providing opposing forces on the ions. The SLIM module was composed of two surfaces with mirror-image arrays of electrodes and had two regions where the different TW and opposing DC fields could be applied. The filtering capabilities are determined by the applied DC gradient and the TW parameters, such as speed, amplitude, and the TW sequence (i.e., the duty cycle of the traveling wave). The effects of different parameters on the sensitivity and the ion mobility (IM) resolution of the device have been investigated. By appropriately choosing the DC gradient and TW parameters for the two sections, it is possible to transmit ions of a selected mobility while filtering out others of both higher and lower mobility. The novel device described here provides a basis for the targeted analysis of compounds based upon the continuous selection of ions according to their mobility and without the need for high electric fields or pulsed injection. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh Prabhakaran
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Ahmed M Hamid
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Sandilya V B Garimella
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Blandina R Valenzuela
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Robert G Ewing
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Yehia M Ibrahim
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Richard D Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
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80
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Zou WB, Yin LH, Jin SH. Advances in rapid drug detection technology. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 147:81-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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81
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Microscale differential ion mobility spectrometry for field deployable chemical analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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82
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Hong Y, Liu S, Huang C, Xia L, Shen C, Jiang H, Chu Y. Simultaneous Improvement of Resolving Power and Signal-to-Noise Ratio Using a Modified Hadamard Transform-Inverse Ion Mobility Spectrometry Technique. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:2500-2507. [PMID: 28819725 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1773-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve the resolving power (RP) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) simultaneously, a modified Hadamard transform-inverse ion mobility spectrometry (MHT-IIMS) technique was developed. In this novel technique, a series of isolating codes were appended to each element of the pseudo random binary sequence (PRBS), and then the modified modulation sequence was formed and used to control the ion gate of the inverse IMS (IIMS). Experimental results demonstrate that the MHT-IIMS technique can significantly enhance the resolving power and SNR simultaneously by measuring the spectra of reaction ions. Furthermore, the gas sample CCl4 and CHCl3 were measured for evaluating the capability of detecting those samples which have single and multiple product ions. The results show that this novel technique is able to simultaneously improve the resolving power and SNR notablely for the real sample detection without any significant instrumental changes. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hong
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui, 232001, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, 235000, China
| | - Chaoqun Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.
| | - Lei Xia
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Chengyin Shen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Haihe Jiang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Yannan Chu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.
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83
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Costanzo MT, Boock JJ, Kemperman RHJ, Wei MS, Beekman CR, Yost RA. Portable FAIMS: Applications and Future Perspectives. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 422:188-196. [PMID: 29335669 PMCID: PMC5765550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Miniaturized mass spectrometry (MMS) is optimal for a wide variety of applications that benefit from field-portable instrumentation. Like MMS, field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) has proven capable of providing in situ analysis, allowing researchers to bring the lab to the sample. FAIMS compliments MMS very well, but has the added benefit of operating at atmospheric pressure, unlike MS. This distinct advantage makes FAIMS uniquely suited for portability. Since its inception, FAIMS has been envisioned as a field-portable device, as it affords less expense and greater simplicity than many similar methods. Ideally, these are simple, robust devices that may be operated by non-professional personnel, yet still provide adequate data when in the field. While reducing the size and complexity tends to bring with it a loss of performance and accuracy, this is made up for by the incredibly high throughput and overall convenience of the instrument. Moreover, the FAIMS device used in the field can be brought back to the lab, and coupled to a conventional mass spectrometer to provide any necessary method development and compound validation. This work discusses the various considerations, uses, and applications for portable FAIMS instrumentation, and how the future of each applicable field may benefit from the development and acceptance of such a device.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael S. Wei
- Department of Chemistry; University of Florida; Gainesville, FL 32611
| | | | - Richard A. Yost
- Department of Chemistry; University of Florida; Gainesville, FL 32611
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84
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Rossi R, Saluti G, Moretti S, Diamanti I, Giusepponi D, Galarini R. Multiclass methods for the analysis of antibiotic residues in milk by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry: A review. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2017; 35:241-257. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2017.1393107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Rossi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Saluti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | - Simone Moretti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | - Irene Diamanti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | - Danilo Giusepponi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Galarini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche, Perugia, Italy
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85
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Zeng Y, Tang F, Zhai Y, Wang X. Performance enhancement of high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry by applying differential-RF-driven operation mode. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:095113. [PMID: 28964226 DOI: 10.1063/1.5002635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The traditional operation mode of high-field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry (FAIMS) uses a one-way radio frequency (RF) voltage input as the dispersion voltage. This requires a high voltage input and limits power consumption reduction and miniaturization of instruments. With higher dispersion voltages or larger compensation voltages, there also exist problems such as low signal intensity or the fact that the dispersion voltage is no longer much larger than the compensation voltage. In this paper, a differential-RF-driven operation mode of FAIMS is proposed. The two-way RF is used to generate the dispersion field, and a phase difference is added between the two RFs to generate a single step waveform field. Theoretical analysis, and experimental results from an ethanol sample, showed that the peak positions of the ion spectra changed linearly (R2 = 0.9992) with the phase difference of the two RFs in the differential-RF-driven mode and that the peak intensity of the ion spectrum could be enhanced by more than eight times for ethanol ions. In this way, it is possible to convert the ion spectrum peaks outside the separation or compensation voltage range into a detectable range, by changing the phase difference. To produce the same separation electric field, the high-voltage direct current input voltage can be maximally reduced to half of that in the traditional operation mode. Without changing the drift region size or drift condition, the differential-RF-driven operation mode can reduce power consumption, increase signal-to-noise ratio, extend the application range of the dispersion voltage and compensation voltage, and improve FAIMS detection performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yadong Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaohao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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86
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Pavlačka M, Ventura K, Kortánková K, Bláha J, Zástěra M, Mázl R, Bajerová P. Characterization of narcotics using differential mobility spectrometry. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-017-1923-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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87
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Hagan N, Goldberg I, Graichen A, St Jean A, Wu C, Lawrence D, Demirev P. Ion Mobility Spectrometry - High Resolution LTQ-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry for Analysis of Homemade Explosives. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:1531-1539. [PMID: 28409445 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1666-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The detailed chemical characterization of homemade explosives (HMEs) and other chemicals that can mimic or mask the presence of explosives is important for understanding and improving the performance of commercial instrumentation used for explosive detection. To that end, an atmospheric-pressure drift tube ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) instrument has been successfully coupled to a commercial tandem mass spectrometry (MS) system. The tandem MS system is comprised of a linear ion trap and a high resolution Orbitrap analyzer. This IMS-MS combination allows extensive characterization of threat chemical compounds, including HMEs, and complex real-world background chemicals that can interfere with detection. Here, the composition of ion species originating from a specific HME, erythritol tetranitrate, has been elucidated using accurate mass measurements, isotopic ratios, and tandem MS. Gated IMS-MS and high-resolution MS have been used to identify minor impurities that can be indicative of the HME source and/or synthesis route. Comparison between data obtained on the IMS/MS system and on commercial stand-alone IMS instruments used as explosive trace detectors (ETDs) has also been performed. Such analysis allows better signature assignments of threat compounds, modified detection algorithms, and improved overall ETD performance. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Hagan
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD, 20723, USA.
| | - Ilana Goldberg
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD, 20723, USA
| | - Adam Graichen
- Excellims Corporation, 20 Main Street, Acton, MA, 01720, USA
| | - Amanda St Jean
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD, 20723, USA
| | - Ching Wu
- Excellims Corporation, 20 Main Street, Acton, MA, 01720, USA
| | - David Lawrence
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD, 20723, USA
| | - Plamen Demirev
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD, 20723, USA
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88
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Hollerbach A, Baird Z, Cooks RG. Ion Separation in Air Using a Three-Dimensional Printed Ion Mobility Spectrometer. Anal Chem 2017; 89:5058-5065. [PMID: 28383249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hollerbach
- Chemistry
Department, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | | | - R. Graham Cooks
- Chemistry
Department, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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89
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Purves RW, Prasad S, Belford M, Vandenberg A, Dunyach JJ. Optimization of a New Aerodynamic Cylindrical FAIMS Device for Small Molecule Analysis. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:525-538. [PMID: 28097537 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1587-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of an aerodynamic mechanism to improve ion sampling between nanoelectrospray (n-ESI) and FAIMS was recently reported for proteomic analyses. This investigation explores the new FAIMS interface for small molecule analysis at high liquid flow rates and includes an examination of key differences in ionization between heated-ESI (HESI) and n-ESI. The sheath gas, critical for desolvation with HESI, affects FAIMS operation as higher FAIMS gas flow rates are required to achieve sufficient desolvation. Gas flow rate experiments also uncovered m/z discrimination with the conventional design as larger (slower moving) m/z ions experienced larger signal intensity losses than smaller m/z ions due to the desolvation gas flow having a greater drag effect on slower moving ions. The modified inlet in new FAIMS dampens the gas drag, making the HESI source more amenable as less m/z bias and significantly lower %RSD values were observed. Furthermore, a larger radius inner electrode in new FAIMS enables significantly higher E/N (electric field/number gas density) to be achieved using the existing waveform generator. Thus, new FAIMS signal intensities using only nitrogen improved 1.25- to 2-fold compared with the conventional design and 50% helium. Adding helium to the new FAIMS gave no significant improvements. The larger inner electrode also decreased ion focusing capabilities, and the effect on peak separation and ion intensity was examined in detail. The peak capacity of new FAIMS was approximately double that of conventional FAIMS; separation of seven low m/z ions gave a peak capacity of 37.7 using the gas additive 2-propanol. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy W Purves
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| | - Satendra Prasad
- ThermoFisher Scientific, 355 River Oaks Parkway, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Michael Belford
- ThermoFisher Scientific, 355 River Oaks Parkway, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Albert Vandenberg
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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90
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Volatile Organic Compounds in Exhaled Breath of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis for Discrimination from Healthy Subjects. Lung 2017; 195:247-254. [DOI: 10.1007/s00408-017-9979-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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91
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Chavarria MA, Matheoud AV, Marmillod P, Liu Y, Kong D, Brugger J, Boero G. High sensitivity field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometer. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:035115. [PMID: 28372433 DOI: 10.1063/1.4978960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A high sensitivity field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometer (FAIMS) was designed, fabricated, and tested. The main components of the system are a 10.6 eV UV photoionization source, an ion filter driven by a high voltage/high frequency n-MOS inverter circuit, and a low noise ion detector. The ion filter electronics are capable to generate square waveforms with peak-to-peak voltages up to 1000 V at frequencies up to 1 MHz with adjustable duty cycles. The ion detector current amplifier has a gain up to 1012 V/A with an effective equivalent input noise level down to about 1 fA/Hz1/2 during operation with the ion filter at the maximum voltage and frequency. The FAIMS system was characterized by detecting different standard chemical compounds. Additionally, we investigated the use of a synchronous modulation/demodulation technique to improve the signal-to-noise ratio in FAIMS measurements. In particular, we implemented the modulation of the compensation voltage with the synchronous demodulation of the ion current. The analysis of the measurements at low concentration levels led to an extrapolated limit of detection for acetone of 10 ppt with an averaging time of 1 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario A Chavarria
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Youjiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Hefei Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Deyi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Hefei Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jürgen Brugger
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Boero
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
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92
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Blakeman KH, Cavanaugh CA, Gilliland WM, Ramsey JM. High pressure mass spectrometry of volatile organic compounds with ambient air buffer gas. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:27-32. [PMID: 27747956 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE There are many chemical measurement scenarios that would benefit from hand portable mass spectrometry tools including forensics, environmental monitoring, and safety and security. High pressure mass spectrometry (HPMS) facilitates miniaturization by significantly reducing vacuum system requirements. Previous work demonstrated HPMS using helium buffer gas, but HPMS conducted using ambient air would further reduce the size and weight of a portable instrument while also reducing logistical demands by eliminating the need for a helium supply. METHODS Mass spectrometry was performed at pressures exceeding 1 Torr with ambient air as the buffer gas. A glow discharge electron ionization source and a miniature cylindrical ion trap mass analyzer with a radius of 0.5 mm were used. Mass analysis was possible at these pressures with increased radiofrequency (RF) drive frequencies (10 MHz) compared with commercial ion traps (~1 MHz). A differentially pumped chamber was used so that mass spectrometry could be performed at high pressures and detection performed at low pressures with an electron multiplier. RESULTS HPMS with air buffer gas was demonstrated using a suite of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The glow discharge ionization source was optimized for operation using air. Mass spectral peak widths increased a factor of 8 compared with helium, as expected, but useful chemical information was still acquired. A mixture of VOCs was detected with ambient air as the buffer gas, showing that valuable mass information can be gained using HPMS without the requirement of an onboard buffer gas source. CONCLUSIONS HPMS significantly reduces the pumping requirements required for miniature mass spectrometers and the use of ambient air buffer gas further reduces size, weight, and logistics requirements. Mass analysis at high pressures of ambient air is another important step for the development of hand portable mass spectrometers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenion H Blakeman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Craig A Cavanaugh
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - William M Gilliland
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - J Michael Ramsey
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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93
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Ma X, Liu J, Zhang Z, Bo T, Bai Y, Liu H. Drift tube ion mobility and four-dimensional molecular feature extraction enable data-independent tandem mass spectrometric 'omics' analysis without quadrupole selection. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:33-38. [PMID: 27760459 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Quadrupole-based tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) plays a critical role in 'omics' studies. However, when a particular m/z precursor is selected by the quadrupole, ions other than the precursor are not transmitted through, and the sensitivity and dynamic range thus diminish. Therefore, separation techniques such as ion mobility (IM) are coupled with MS/MS to improve it. METHODS In this workflow, every IM-mass spectrometry (MS) scan was followed by one high-voltage collision energy (CE) scan. The precursors were separated in IM drift time and dissociated after IM; the four-dimensional molecular feature extraction (4D MFE) algorithm was used to align the precursors and their MS/MS spectra based on retention time and drift time distribution. A complicated peptide mixture was selected to exemplify the workflow in a proteomics study. RESULTS The new IM-MS-based workflow achieved similar performance in finding proteins compared to the traditional quadrupole-based MS/MS method. However, a significant difference was found between the proteins found by these two methods. For the four concentration levels analyzed, at least 23% more proteins were found by combining the new methods than only using the traditional quadrupole-based MS/MS method. CONCLUSIONS The established workflow used the 4D MFE algorithm to analyze a complicated 4D dataset and was demonstrated to find more proteins not found by the traditional quadrupole-based MS/MS method in proteomics application. It is thus an important complementary MS/MS mode for 'omics' studies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ma
- Agilent Technologies, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemistry Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | | | - Tao Bo
- Agilent Technologies, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Huwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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94
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Ion mobility spectrometry: Current status and application for chemical warfare agents detection. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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95
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Harper B, Neumann EK, Stow SM, May JC, McLean JA, Solouki T. Determination of ion mobility collision cross sections for unresolved isomeric mixtures using tandem mass spectrometry and chemometric deconvolution. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 939:64-72. [PMID: 27639144 PMCID: PMC5744691 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Ion mobility (IM) is an important analytical technique for determining ion collision cross section (CCS) values in the gas-phase and gaining insight into molecular structures and conformations. However, limited instrument resolving powers for IM may restrict adequate characterization of conformationally similar ions, such as structural isomers, and reduce the accuracy of IM-based CCS calculations. Recently, we introduced an automated technique for extracting "pure" IM and collision-induced dissociation (CID) mass spectra of IM overlapping species using chemometric deconvolution of post-IM/CID mass spectrometry (MS) data [J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 2014, 25, 1810-1819]. Here we extend those capabilities to demonstrate how extracted IM profiles can be used to calculate accurate CCS values of peptide isomer ions which are not fully resolved by IM. We show that CCS values obtained from deconvoluted IM spectra match with CCS values measured from the individually analyzed corresponding peptides on uniform field IM instrumentation. We introduce an approach that utilizes experimentally determined IM arrival time (AT) "shift factors" to compensate for ion acceleration variations during post-IM/CID and significantly improve the accuracy of the calculated CCS values. Also, we discuss details of this IM deconvolution approach and compare empirical CCS values from traveling wave (TW)IM-MS and drift tube (DT)IM-MS with theoretically calculated CCS values using the projected superposition approximation (PSA). For example, experimentally measured deconvoluted TWIM-MS mean CCS values for doubly-protonated RYGGFM, RMFGYG, MFRYGG, and FRMYGG peptide isomers were 288.8 Å(2), 295.1 Å(2), 296.8 Å(2), and 300.1 Å(2); all four of these CCS values were within 1.5% of independently measured DTIM-MS values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Harper
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Elizabeth K Neumann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Sarah M Stow
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Center for Innovative Technology, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Jody C May
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Center for Innovative Technology, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - John A McLean
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Center for Innovative Technology, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Touradj Solouki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
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Peirano DJ, Pasamontes A, Davis CE. Supervised Semi-Automated Data Analysis Software for Gas Chromatography / Differential Mobility Spectrometry (GC/DMS) Metabolomics Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 19:155-166. [PMID: 27799845 DOI: 10.1007/s12127-016-0200-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Modern differential mobility spectrometers (DMS) produce complex and multi-dimensional data streams that allow for near-real-time or post-hoc chemical detection for a variety of applications. An active area of interest for this technology is metabolite monitoring for biological applications, and these data sets regularly have unique technical and data analysis end user requirements. While there are initial publications on how investigators have individually processed and analyzed their DMS metabolomic data, there are no user-ready commercial or open source software packages that are easily used for this purpose. We have created custom software uniquely suited to analyze gas chromatograph / differential mobility spectrometry (GC/DMS) data from biological sources. Here we explain the implementation of the software, describe the user features that are available, and provide an example of how this software functions using a previously-published data set. The software is compatible with many commercial or home-made DMS systems. Because the software is versatile, it can also potentially be used for other similarly structured data sets, such as GC/GC and other IMS modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Peirano
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis CA, 95616
| | - Alberto Pasamontes
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis CA, 95616
| | - Cristina E Davis
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis CA, 95616
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Fernández-Maestre R, Meza-Morelos D, Wu C. Shift reagents in ion mobility spectrometry: the effect of the number of interaction sites, size and interaction energies on the mobilities of valinol and ethanolamine. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2016; 51:378-383. [PMID: 27194523 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Overlapping peaks interfere in ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), but they are separated introducing mobility shift reagents (SR) in the buffer gas forming adducts with different collision cross-sections (size). IMS separations using SR depend on the ion mobility shifts which are governed by adduct's size and interaction energies (stabilities). Mobility shifts of valinol and ethanolamine ions were measured by electrospray-ionization ion mobility-mass spectrometry (MS). Methyl-chloro propionate (M) was used as SR; 2-butanol (B) and nitrobenzene (N) were used for comparison. Density functional theory was used for calculations. B produced the smallest mobility shifts because of its small size. M and N have two strong interaction sites (oxygen atoms) and similar molecular mass, and they should produce similar shifts. For both ethanolamine and valinol ions, stabilities were larger for N adducts than those of M. With ethanolamine, M produced a 68% shift, large compared to that using N, 61%, because M has a third weak interaction site on the chlorine atom and, therefore, M has more interaction possibilities than N. This third site overrode the oxygen atoms' interaction energy that favored the adduction of ethanolamine with N over that with M. On the contrary, with valinol mobility shifts were larger with N than with M (21 vs 18%) because interaction energy favored even more adduction of valinol with N than with M; that is, the interaction energy difference between adducts of valinol with M and N was larger than that between those adducts with ethanolamine, and the third M interaction could not override this larger difference. Mobility shifts were explained based on the number of SR's interaction sites, size of ions and SR, and SR-ion interaction energies. This is the first time that the number of interaction sites is used to explain mobility shifts in SR-assisted IMS. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dairo Meza-Morelos
- Universidad de Cartagena, Campus de San Pablo, Programa de Quimica, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Ching Wu
- Excellims Corporation, 20 Main Street, Acton, MA, USA
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Hüppe T, Lorenz D, Maurer F, Albrecht FW, Schnauber K, Wolf B, Sessler DI, Volk T, Fink T, Kreuer S. Exhalation of volatile organic compounds during hemorrhagic shock and reperfusion in rats: an exploratory trial. J Breath Res 2016; 10:016016. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/10/1/016016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Denawaka CJ, Fowlis IA, Dean JR. Source, impact and removal of malodour from soiled clothing. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1438:216-25. [PMID: 26898151 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Static headspace--multi-capillary column--gas chromatography--ion mobility spectrometry (SHS-MCC-GC-IMS) has been applied to the analysis of malodour compounds from soiled clothing (socks and T-shirts), pre- and post washing, at low temperature (20°C). Six volatile compounds (VCs) (i.e. butyric acid, dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, 2-heptanone, 2-nonanone and 2-octanone) were identified. After sensory evaluation of soiled garments they were subjected to laundering with non-perfumed washing powder. The efficiency of the laundering process was evaluated by determining the reduction of each detected volatile compound (VC) post-wash (damp) for socks and T-shirts; VC concentration reductions of between 16 and 100% were noted, irrespective of sample type. Additionally the T-shirt study considered the change in VC concentration post-wash (dry) i.e. after the drying process at ambient temperature. Overall VC concentration reductions of between 25 and 98% were noted for T-shirt samples pre-wash to post-wash (dry). Finally, a potential biochemical metabolic pathway for the formation of malodour compounds associated with bacteria in axillary sweat is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamila J Denawaka
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Ian A Fowlis
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - John R Dean
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
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