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Jiru M, Stranska-Zachariasova M, Kohoutkova J, Schulzova V, Krmela A, Revenco D, Koplik R, Kastanek P, Fulin T, Hajslova J. Potential of microalgae as source of health-beneficial bioactive components in produced eggs. J Food Sci Technol 2021; 58:1-10. [PMID: 34538889 PMCID: PMC8405822 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04896-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In line with the growing interest in humans' nutrition, production of microalgae-based functional foods characterized by an increased content of bioactive substances is attractive. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of microalgae as additives to feed for laying hens, to enrich the eggs with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and selenium/carotenoid antioxidants. Our results showed that supplementation of hens by feed containing 1% of Trachydiscus minutus or 1% of Japonochytrium marinum leads to increase of long-chain PUFA in eggs by 26-66%. Addition of 1% of Scenedesmus obliquus to feed causes the increase of lutein and cantaxanthin in eggs by 48% and 18%, respectively, and addition of 0.5% selenium enriched Chlorella vulgaris increases the final content of organic selenium in eggs by 100-152%. As concerns selenium, it is important to notice that its bioavailability has to be considered. Despite the higher concentration of total selenium in Vischeria helvetica than in C. vulgaris, its bioaccessibility in Vischeria was limited, thus out of usage for feeding purposes. Administration of combinations of selenium enriched Chlorella + Japonochytrium and Chlorella + Schizochitrium verified the increased concentrations of organic selenium, PUFA, as well as carotenoids, with no adverse effect on quality and productivity of eggs. The study confirmed the potential of both traditional as well as new microalgae to be used as feed supplements for functional eggs production. The supplementation of hens by specific microalgae combinations could be advantageous in terms of spectrum of bioactive compounds present.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Jiru
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M. Stranska-Zachariasova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Kohoutkova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V. Schulzova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A. Krmela
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D. Revenco
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R Koplik
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P. Kastanek
- EcoFuel Laboratories s.r.o, Ocelářská 9, 190 00 Praha 9, Czech Republic
| | - T. Fulin
- RABBIT Trhový Štěpánov, a.s, Sokolská 302, 257 63, Trhový Štěpánov, Czech Republic
| | - J. Hajslova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
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Tran VN, Viktorova J, Augustynkova K, Jelenova N, Dobiasova S, Rehorova K, Fenclova M, Stranska-Zachariasova M, Vitek L, Hajslova J, Ruml T. In Silico and In Vitro Studies of Mycotoxins and Their Cocktails; Their Toxicity and Its Mitigation by Silibinin Pre-Treatment. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E148. [PMID: 32121188 PMCID: PMC7150870 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12030148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins found in randomly selected commercial milk thistle dietary supplement were evaluated for their toxicity in silico and in vitro. Using in silico methods, the basic physicochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological properties of the mycotoxins were predicted using ACD/Percepta. The in vitro cytotoxicity of individual mycotoxins was determined in mouse macrophage (RAW 264.7), human hepatoblastoma (HepG2), and human embryonic kidney (HEK 293T) cells. In addition, we studied the bioavailability potential of mycotoxins and silibinin utilizing an in vitro transwell system with differentiated human colon adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) simulating mycotoxin transfer through the intestinal epithelial barrier. The IC50 values for individual mycotoxins in studied cells were in the biologically relevant ranges as follows: 3.57-13.37 nM (T-2 toxin), 5.07-47.44 nM (HT-2 toxin), 3.66-17.74 nM (diacetoxyscirpenol). Furthermore, no acute toxicity was obtained for deoxynivalenol, beauvericin, zearalenone, enniatinENN-A, enniatin-A1, enniatin-B, enniatin-B1, alternariol, alternariol-9-methyl ether, tentoxin, and mycophenolic acid up to the 50 nM concentration. The acute toxicity of these mycotoxins in binary combinations exhibited antagonistic effects in the combinations of T-2 with DON, ENN-A1, or ENN-B, while the rest showed synergistic or additive effects. Silibinin had a significant protective effect against both the cytotoxicity of three mycotoxins (T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, DAS) and genotoxicity of AME, AOH, DON, and ENNs on HEK 293T. The bioavailability results confirmed that AME, DAS, ENN-B, TEN, T-2, and silibinin are transported through the epithelial cell layer and further metabolized. The bioavailability of silibinin is very similar to mycotoxins poor penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Nguyen Tran
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.N.T.); (J.V.); (K.A.); (N.J.); (S.D.); (K.R.)
| | - Jitka Viktorova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.N.T.); (J.V.); (K.A.); (N.J.); (S.D.); (K.R.)
| | - Katerina Augustynkova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.N.T.); (J.V.); (K.A.); (N.J.); (S.D.); (K.R.)
| | - Nikola Jelenova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.N.T.); (J.V.); (K.A.); (N.J.); (S.D.); (K.R.)
| | - Simona Dobiasova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.N.T.); (J.V.); (K.A.); (N.J.); (S.D.); (K.R.)
| | - Katerina Rehorova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.N.T.); (J.V.); (K.A.); (N.J.); (S.D.); (K.R.)
| | - Marie Fenclova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (M.F.); (M.S.-Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Milena Stranska-Zachariasova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (M.F.); (M.S.-Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Libor Vitek
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Katerinska 32, 12108 Prague 2, Czech Republic;
- Faculty General Hospital, U Nemocnice 2, 12808 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hajslova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (M.F.); (M.S.-Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Tomas Ruml
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.N.T.); (J.V.); (K.A.); (N.J.); (S.D.); (K.R.)
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Jonatova P, Dzuman Z, Prusova N, Hajslova J, Stranska-Zachariasova M. Occurrence of ochratoxin A and its stereoisomeric degradation product in various types of coffee available in the Czech market. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2020. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2019.2507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) belongs among the most frequently occurring mycotoxins in coffee. In order to investigate its contamination levels in products currently available in the market, a broad set of coffee samples (103 in total) collected between 2016 and 2018 in the Czech Republic was investigated. Aqueous-methanolic extracts purified by using immunoaffinity columns were analysed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (U-HPLC-MS/MS). The undertaken study revealed a relatively low OTA contamination of roasted coffee (in the range 0.2-2.5 μg/kg with the mean concentration of 0.6 μg/kg, and 71% of positive samples). The roasted coffee samples did not exceed the maximum limit of 5 μg/kg set by 1881/2006/EC. With regard to instant coffee samples, OTA concentrations were considerably higher. All the samples were positive, with a mean concentration of 2.9 μg/kg (ranging from 0.6 to 12.8 μg/kg, with 100% of positive samples). One of the analysed samples of instant coffee even exceeded the maximum limit of 10 μg/kg (1881/2006/EC). The study further revealed a relatively high incidence of 14-(R)-OTA, stereoisomer of OTA (14-(S)-OTA), originating as its main degradation product. Its identity was confirmed by high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS/MS). Most of the samples positive for OTA were also positive for this diastereoisomer, with signal intensities of approx. one-third to one half of the signal of 14-(S)-OTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Jonatova
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Z. Dzuman
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - N. Prusova
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J. Hajslova
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
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Fenclova M, Stranska-Zachariasova M, Benes F, Novakova A, Jonatova P, Kren V, Vitek L, Hajslova J. Liquid chromatography-drift tube ion mobility-mass spectrometry as a new challenging tool for the separation and characterization of silymarin flavonolignans. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:819-832. [PMID: 31919606 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02274-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Silymarin, milk thistle (Silybum marianum) extract, contains a mixture of mostly isomeric bioactive flavonoids and flavonolignans that are extensively studied, especially for their possible liver-protective and anticancer effects. Because of the differing bioactivities of individual isomeric compounds, characterization of their proportion in a mixture is highly important for predicting its effect on health. However, because of silymarin's complexity, this is hardly feasible by common analytical techniques. In this work, ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with drift tube ion mobility spectrometry and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used. Eleven target silymarin compounds (taxifolin, isosilychristin, silychristins A and B, silydianin, silybins A and B, 2,3-cis-silybin B, isosilybins A and B and 2,3-dehydrosilybin) and five unknown flavonolignan isomers detected in the milk thistle extract were fully separated in a 14.5-min analysis run. All the compounds were characterized on the basis of their accurate mass, retention time, drift time, collision cross section and fragmentation spectra. The quantitative approach based on evaluation of the ion mobility data demonstrated lower detection limits, an extended linear range and total separation of interferences from the compounds of interest compared with the traditional approach based on evaluation of liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry data. The following analysis of a batch of milk thistle-based food supplements revealed significant variability in the silymarin pattern, especially in the content of silychristin A and silybins A and B. This newly developed method might have high application potential, especially for the characterization of materials intended for bioactivity studies in which information on the exact silymarin composition plays a crucial role. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Fenclova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Milena Stranska-Zachariasova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Frantisek Benes
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Novakova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Jonatova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Kren
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Vitek
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics and 4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine and Faculty General Hospital, Charles University, Katerinska 32, 12108, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hajslova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Fenclova M, Novakova A, Viktorova J, Jonatova P, Dzuman Z, Ruml T, Kren V, Hajslova J, Vitek L, Stranska-Zachariasova M. Poor chemical and microbiological quality of the commercial milk thistle-based dietary supplements may account for their reported unsatisfactory and non-reproducible clinical outcomes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11118. [PMID: 31366891 PMCID: PMC6668463 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47250-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal-based dietary supplements have become increasingly popular. The extract from milk thistle (Silybum marianum), is often used for the treatment of liver diseases. However, serious concerns exist regarding the efficacy, composition, as well as the safety of these over-the-counter preparations. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the composition as well as chemical and biological safety of 26 milk thistle-based dietary supplements purchased from both the U.S. and Czech markets between 2016 and 2017. The study was focused on a determination of the composition of active ingredients, as well as analyses of possible contaminants including: mycotoxins, plant alkaloids, and pesticide residues, as well as the microbial purity. High-throughput analyses were performed using advanced U-HPLC-HRMS techniques. Large differences in the silymarin content were observed among individual milk thistle preparations, often in contrast with the information provided by the manufacturers. In addition, substantial inter-batch differences in silymarin content were also demonstrated. In all milk thistle preparations tested, large numbers and high concentrations of mycotoxins and several pesticides, as well as the substantial presence of microbiological contamination were detected, pointing to serious safety issues. In conclusion, our results strongly indicate the need for strict controls of the composition, chemical contaminants, as well as the microbiological purity of commercial milk thistle extracts used for the treatment of liver diseases. Poor definition of these preparations together with contamination by biologically active substances may not only account for the inconsistency of clinical observations, but also be responsible for possible herbal-based dietary supplements-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Fenclova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Novakova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Viktorova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Jonatova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Dzuman
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Ruml
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Kren
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1082, 14000, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hajslova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Vitek
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics and 4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Katerinska 32, 12108, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Milena Stranska-Zachariasova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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Tittlemier S, Cramer B, Dall’Asta C, Iha M, Lattanzio V, Malone R, Maragos C, Solfrizzo M, Stranska-Zachariasova M, Stroka J. Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2017-2018. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2019. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2018.2398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This review summarises developments that have been published in the period from mid-2017 to mid-2018 on the analysis of various matrices for mycotoxins. Analytical methods to determine aflatoxins, Alternaria toxins, ergot alkaloids, fumonisins, ochratoxins, patulin, trichothecenes, and zearalenone are covered in individual sections. Advances in sampling strategies are discussed in a dedicated section, as are methods used to analyse botanicals and spices, and newly developed comprehensive liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric based multi-mycotoxin methods. This critical review aims to briefly discuss the most important recent developments and trends in mycotoxin determination as well as to address limitations of the presented methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.A. Tittlemier
- Canadian Grain Commission, Grain Research Laboratory, 1404-303 Main Street, Winnipeg, MB R3C 3G8, Canada
| | - B. Cramer
- University of Münster, Institute of Food Chemistry, Corrensstr. 45, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - C. Dall’Asta
- Università di Parma, Department of Food and Drug, Viale delle Scienze 23/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - M.H. Iha
- Nucleous of Chemistry and Bromatology Science, Adolfo Lutz Institute of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Minas 866, CEP 14085-410, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - V.M.T. Lattanzio
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - R.J. Malone
- Trilogy Analytical Laboratory, 870 Vossbrink Dr, Washington, MO 63090, USA
| | - C. Maragos
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, USDA, ARS National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - M. Solfrizzo
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M. Stranska-Zachariasova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6 – Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - J. Stroka
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Retieseweg 111, 2440 Geel, Belgium
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Jiru M, Stranska-Zachariasova M, Dzuman Z, Hurkova K, Tomaniova M, Stepan R, Cuhra P, Hajslova J. Analysis of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors as possible adulterants of botanical-based dietary supplements: extensive survey of preparations available at the Czech market. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 164:713-724. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Berthiller F, Cramer B, Iha M, Krska R, Lattanzio V, MacDonald S, Malone R, Maragos C, Solfrizzo M, Stranska-Zachariasova M, Stroka J, Tittlemier S. Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2016-2017. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2018. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2017.2250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This review summarises developments in the determination of mycotoxins over a period between mid-2016 and mid-2017. Analytical methods to determine aflatoxins, Alternaria toxins, ergot alkaloids, fumonisins, ochratoxins, patulin, trichothecenes and zearalenone are covered in individual sections. Advances in proper sampling strategies are discussed in a dedicated section, as are methods used to analyse botanicals and spices and newly developed LC-MS based multi-mycotoxin methods. This critical review aims to briefly discuss the most important recent developments and trends in mycotoxin determination as well as to address limitations of the presented methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Berthiller
- Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism and Center for Analytical Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - B. Cramer
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 45, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M.H. Iha
- Nucleous of Chemistry and Bromatology Science, Adolfo Lutz Institute of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Minas 866, CEP 14085-410, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - R. Krska
- Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism and Center for Analytical Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - V.M.T. Lattanzio
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, via amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - S. MacDonald
- Department of Contaminants and Authenticity, Fera Science Ltd., Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
| | - R.J. Malone
- Trilogy Analytical Laboratory, 870 Vossbrink Dr, Washington, MO 63090, USA
| | - C. Maragos
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, USDA, ARS National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - M. Solfrizzo
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, via amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M. Stranska-Zachariasova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6 – Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - J. Stroka
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Retieseweg 111, 2440 Geel, Belgium
| | - S.A. Tittlemier
- Canadian Grain Commission, Grain Research Laboratory, 1404-303 Main Street, Winnipeg, MB R3C 3G8, Canada
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Righetti L, Rubert J, Galaverna G, Hurkova K, Dall'Asta C, Hajslova J, Stranska-Zachariasova M. A novel approach based on untargeted lipidomics reveals differences in the lipid pattern among durum and common wheat. Food Chem 2018; 240:775-783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Righetti L, Fenclova M, Dellafiora L, Hajslova J, Stranska-Zachariasova M, Dall'Asta C. High resolution-ion mobility mass spectrometry as an additional powerful tool for structural characterization of mycotoxin metabolites. Food Chem 2017; 245:768-774. [PMID: 29287439 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.11.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This work was designed as a proof of concept, to demonstrate the successful use of the comparison between theoretical and experimental collision cross section (CCS) values to support the identification of isomeric forms. To this purpose, thirteen mycotoxins were considered and analyzed using drift time ion mobility mass spectrometry. A good linear correlation (r2 = 0.962) between theoretical and experimental CCS was found. The average ΔCCS was 3.2%, fully consistent with the acceptability threshold value commonly set at 5%. The agreement between theoretical and experimental CCS obtained for mycotoxin glucuronides suggested the potential of the CCS matching in supporting the annotation procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Righetti
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Marie Fenclova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Luca Dellafiora
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Jana Hajslova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Milena Stranska-Zachariasova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Chiara Dall'Asta
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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Rubert J, Righetti L, Stranska-Zachariasova M, Dzuman Z, Chrpova J, Dall'Asta C, Hajslova J. Untargeted metabolomics based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry merged with chemometrics: A new predictable tool for an early detection of mycotoxins. Food Chem 2017; 224:423-431. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.11.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Stranska-Zachariasova M, Kastanek P, Dzuman Z, Rubert J, Godula M, Hajslova J. Corrigendum to “Bioprospecting of microalgae: Proper extraction followed by high performance liquid chromatographic–high resolution mass spectrometric fingerprinting as key tools for successful metabolom characterization” [J. Chromatogr. B 1015–1016 (2016) 22–23]. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1046:250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Berthiller F, Brera C, Iha M, Krska R, Lattanzio V, MacDonald S, Malone R, Maragos C, Solfrizzo M, Stranska-Zachariasova M, Stroka J, Tittlemier S. Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2015-2016. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2017. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2016.2138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review summarises developments in the determination of mycotoxins over a period between mid-2015 and mid-2016. Analytical methods to determine aflatoxins, Alternaria toxins, ergot alkaloids, fumonisins, ochratoxins, patulin, trichothecenes and zearalenone are covered in individual sections. Advances in proper sampling strategies are discussed in a dedicated section, as are methods used to analyse botanicals and spices and newly developed liquid chromatography mass spectrometry based multi-mycotoxin methods. This critical review aims to briefly discuss the most important recent developments and trends in mycotoxin determination as well as to address limitations of presented methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Berthiller
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism and Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - C. Brera
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety – GMO and Mycotoxins Unit, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - M.H. Iha
- Adolfo Lutz Institute of Ribeirão Preto, Nucleous of Chemistry and Bromatology Science, Rua Minas 866, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14085-410, Brazil
| | - R. Krska
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism and Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - V.M.T. Lattanzio
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Via Amendola 122/o, 700126 Bari, Italy
| | - S. MacDonald
- Fera Science Ltd., Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
| | - R.J. Malone
- Trilogy Analytical Laboratory, 870 Vossbrink Dr, Washington, MO 63090, USA
| | - C. Maragos
- USDA-ARS-NCAUR, Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, 1815 N. University St, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - M. Solfrizzo
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Via Amendola 122/o, 700126 Bari, Italy
| | - M. Stranska-Zachariasova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - J. Stroka
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Retieseweg, 2440 Geel, Belgium
| | - S.A. Tittlemier
- Canadian Grain Commission, Grain Research Laboratory, 1404-303 Main St, Winnipeg, MB R3C 3G8, Canada
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Stranska-Zachariasova M, Kurniatanty I, Gbelcova H, Jiru M, Rubert J, Nindhia TGT, D'Acunto CW, Sumarsono SH, Tan MI, Hajslova J, Ruml T. Bioprospecting of Turbinaria Macroalgae as a Potential Source of Health Protective Compounds. Chem Biodivers 2017; 14. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Stranska-Zachariasova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition; University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague; Technicka 3 166 28 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Isma Kurniatanty
- School of Life Sciences and Technology; Institut Teknologi Bandung; Jl. Tamansari 64 40116 Bandung Indonesia
| | - Helena Gbelcova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology; University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague; Technicka 3 166 28 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Monika Jiru
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition; University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague; Technicka 3 166 28 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Josep Rubert
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition; University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague; Technicka 3 166 28 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Tjokorda Gde Tirta Nindhia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Engineering Faculty; Udayana University; Jimbaran, Bali 80361 Indonesia
| | - Cosimo Walter D'Acunto
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology; University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague; Technicka 3 166 28 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Sony Heru Sumarsono
- School of Life Sciences and Technology; Institut Teknologi Bandung; Jl. Tamansari 64 40116 Bandung Indonesia
| | - Marselina Irasonia Tan
- School of Life Sciences and Technology; Institut Teknologi Bandung; Jl. Tamansari 64 40116 Bandung Indonesia
| | - Jana Hajslova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition; University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague; Technicka 3 166 28 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Ruml
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology; University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague; Technicka 3 166 28 Prague Czech Republic
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Hurkova K, Rubert J, Stranska-Zachariasova M, Hajslova J. Strategies to Document Adulteration of Food Supplement Based on Sea Buckthorn Oil: a Case Study. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0674-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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16
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Righetti L, Rubert J, Galaverna G, Folloni S, Ranieri R, Stranska-Zachariasova M, Hajslova J, Dall'Asta C. Characterization and Discrimination of Ancient Grains: A Metabolomics Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081217. [PMID: 27472322 PMCID: PMC5000615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hulled, or ancient, wheats were the earliest domesticated wheats by mankind and the ancestors of current wheats. Their cultivation drastically decreased during the 1960s; however, the increasing demand for a healthy and equilibrated diet led to rediscovering these grains. Our aim was to use a non-targeted metabolomic approach to discriminate and characterize similarities and differences between ancient Triticum varieties. For this purpose, 77 hulled wheat samples from three different varieties were collected: Garfagnana T. turgidum var. dicoccum L. (emmer), ID331 T. monococcum L. (einkorn) and Rouquin T. spelta L. (spelt). The ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF) metabolomics approach highlighted a pronounced sample clustering according to the wheat variety, with an excellent predictability (Q2), for all the models built. Fifteen metabolites were tentatively identified based on accurate masses, isotopic pattern, and product ion spectra. Among these, alkylresorcinols (ARs) were found to be significantly higher in spelt and emmer, showing different homologue composition. Furthermore, phosphatidylcholines (PC) and lysophosphatidylcholines (lysoPC) levels were higher in einkorn variety. The results obtained in this study confirmed the importance of ARs as markers to distinguish between Triticum species and revealed their values as cultivar markers, being not affected by the environmental influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Righetti
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 95/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Josep Rubert
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Gianni Galaverna
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 95/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Silvia Folloni
- Open Fields Srl, Strada Consortile 2, Collecchio, 43044 Parma, Italy.
| | - Roberto Ranieri
- Open Fields Srl, Strada Consortile 2, Collecchio, 43044 Parma, Italy.
| | - Milena Stranska-Zachariasova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Hajslova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Chiara Dall'Asta
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 95/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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17
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Dzuman Z, Stranska-Zachariasova M, Vaclavikova M, Tomaniova M, Veprikova Z, Slavikova P, Hajslova J. Fate of Free and Conjugated Mycotoxins within the Production of Distiller's Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS). J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:5085-5092. [PMID: 27244266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of feed with mycotoxins represents a serious worldwide problem concerning animal health and related economic losses. The present paper provides comprehensive knowledge about the fate of mycotoxins during the production of distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS). The study was carried out using naturally infected maize material in five repetitions. For mycotoxin analysis, a QuEChERS-like ("Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe") isolation approach and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was used. A significant increase of deoxynivalenol (DON) and its glycosylated form, DON-3-glucoside (DON-3-Glc), was observed during the first part of fermentation, when hydrolytic enzymes were added. After yeast addition, the total DON content rapidly decreased. An opposite trend was observed for fumonisin B1 (FB1), in which yeast addition contributed to increase of its content. Further considerable change in mycotoxin content occurred during the drying step, in which approximately two-thirds of the original content was lost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbynek Dzuman
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology , Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Milena Stranska-Zachariasova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology , Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Vaclavikova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology , Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Tomaniova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology , Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Veprikova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology , Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Slavikova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology , Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hajslova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology , Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Stranska-Zachariasova M, Kastanek P, Dzuman Z, Rubert J, Godula M, Hajslova J. Bioprospecting of microalgae: Proper extraction followed by high performance liquid chromatographic-high resolution mass spectrometric fingerprinting as key tools for successful metabolom characterization. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1015-1016:22-33. [PMID: 26894852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the interest in microalgae as a source of biologically active components exploitable as supplementary ingredients to food/feed or in cosmetics continues to increase. Existing research mainly aims to focus on revealing and recovering the rare, cost competitive components of the algae metabolom. Because these components could be of very different physicochemical character, a universal approach for their isolation and characterization should be developed. This study demonstrates the systematic development of the extraction strategy that represents one of the key challenges in effective algae bioprospecting, which predefines their further industrial application. By using of Trachydiscus minutus as a model microalgae biomass, following procedures were tested and critically evaluated in order to develop the generic procedure for microalgae bioprospecting: (i) various ways of mechanical disintegration of algae cells enabling maximum extraction efficiency, (ii) the use of a wide range of extraction solvents/solvent mixtures suitable for optimal extraction yields of polar, medium-polar, and non-polar compounds, (iii) the use of consecutive extractions as a fractionation approach. Within the study, targeted screening of selected compounds representing broad range of polarities was realized by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution tandem mass spectrometric detection (UHPLC-HRMS/MS), to assess the effectiveness of undertaken isolation steps. As a result, simple and high-throughput extraction-fractionation strategy based on consecutive extraction with water-aqueous methanol-hexane/isopropanol was developed. Moreover, to demonstrate the potential of the UHPLC-HRMS/MS for the retrospective non-target screening and compounds identification, the collected mass spectra have been evaluated to characterize the pattern of extracted metabolites. Attention was focused on medium-/non-polar extracts and characterization of lipid species present in the T. minutus algae. Such detailed information on the composition of native (non-hydrolyzed) lipids of this microalga has not been published yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Stranska-Zachariasova
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Technicka 3, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Kastanek
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Technicka 3, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Dzuman
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Technicka 3, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Josep Rubert
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Technicka 3, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Godula
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Technicka 3, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hajslova
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Technicka 3, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
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